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Pan Z, Zhang W. Causal relationship between primary sclerosing cholangitis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:351. [PMID: 38943194 PMCID: PMC11212221 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have found a link between two autoimmune diseases, namely, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the relationship remains unclear. METHODS Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and statistical methods, including inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger tests, were performed using data from genome-wide association studies to detect a causal relationship between PSC and SLE. Sensitivity analyses were subsequently performed to assess the robustness of the results. Univariate MR methods were also investigated. RESULTS Results of MR analysis suggested that PSC was associated with an increased risk for SLE (odds ratio: 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-1.61, P=0.0039) However, SLE had no significant causal relationship with PSC. CONCLUSION Results of MR analysis revealed that patients with PSC were at an increased risk for SLE, which provides new insights into the relationship between these two autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Pan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Arhire AI, Ioacara S, Papuc T, Chiper MS, Dutescu IM, Moise A, Badea IR, Florea S, Vlad A, Fica S. Association of HLA Haplotypes with Autoimmune Pathogenesis in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Romanian Diabetic Children: A Pilot, Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:781. [PMID: 38929763 PMCID: PMC11205248 DOI: 10.3390/life14060781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing incidence of autoimmune diseases in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients highlights the influence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes on their development. This study aims to determine genetic predisposition to autoimmune diseases in T1DM patients, including thyroid disease and celiac diseases, and explore its correlation with vitamin D deficiency. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving thirty-six T1DM children was conducted. Typing was performed for the HLA A, B, C, DP, DR, and DQ loci. Regression analysis linked DR-DQ haplotypes to T1DM and the associated conditions. RESULTS The most frequent predisposing alleles and haplotypes were HLA-DR3 (70.27%), DQ2 (70.27%), DR3-DQ2 (70.27%), DQB1*02:01 (70.27%), A02 (54.05%), whereas the most prevalent protecting allele was DPB1*04:01 (52.63%). Positive correlations were observed between positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and the absence of protective alleles (DPB1*04:02, p = 0.036; DPB1*04:01, p = 0.002). Associations were found between the absence of DPB1*04:01 and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (p = 0.03). HLA allele DPB1*03:01 was linked with vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.021). Positive anti-transglutaminase antibodies correlated with C03:03 (p = 0.026) and DRB1*04:01-DQA1*03-DQB1*03:01 (p < 0.0001) and the lack of DQA1*01:03-DQB1*06:03-DRB1*13:01 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The predisposing T1DM haplotypes were associated with the presence of anti-transglutaminase and anti-thyroid antibodies, indicating a genetic predisposition to autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Ioana Arhire
- General Medicine Faculty, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.A.); (A.V.); (S.F.)
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (T.P.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Sorin Ioacara
- General Medicine Faculty, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.A.); (A.V.); (S.F.)
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (T.P.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Teodora Papuc
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (T.P.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Miruna Sânziana Chiper
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (T.P.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Irina Monica Dutescu
- HLA Laboratory, “C.T. Nicolau” National Institute of Blood Transfusion, 011154 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.D.); (A.M.); (I.R.B.)
| | - Ana Moise
- HLA Laboratory, “C.T. Nicolau” National Institute of Blood Transfusion, 011154 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.D.); (A.M.); (I.R.B.)
| | - Ioana Roxana Badea
- HLA Laboratory, “C.T. Nicolau” National Institute of Blood Transfusion, 011154 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.D.); (A.M.); (I.R.B.)
| | - Suzana Florea
- Immunology Laboratory, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adelina Vlad
- General Medicine Faculty, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.A.); (A.V.); (S.F.)
| | - Simona Fica
- General Medicine Faculty, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.A.); (A.V.); (S.F.)
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (T.P.); (M.S.C.)
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Radellini S, Vigneri E, Ferreri O, Almasio PL, Pizzolanti G, Giordano C, Guarnotta V. Increased frequency of microalbuminuria in patients with type 3 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) compared to isolated autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus: A real-life study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 213:111746. [PMID: 38885744 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the differences in metabolic control and chronic microvascular complications in patients with type 3 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS3), compared to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) alone. Secondary aims were to evaluate the age of autoimmune thyroid disease (AIT) onset and the effects of levothyroxine treatment on metabolic control in patients with APS3. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 276 patients with T1DM alone and 214 patients with APS3 and evaluated clinical and metabolic parameters and microvascular complications. RESULTS Patients with T1DM showed a longer duration of diabetes (p = 0.001) and lower age of diabetes onset (p = 0.020) compared to patients with APS3. Female gender (p = 0.001) and microalbuminuria (p = 0.006) were significantly more frequent in patients with APS3 compared to T1DM. In addition, patients with APS3 showed higher AIT onset frequency in the 16-30 quartile age-range. Furthermore, APS3 patients treated with levothyroxine showed significantly better HbA1c values than non-treated patients (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We found that patients with APS3 showed positive microalbuminuria, earlier than T1DM. Patients with APS3 showed higher frequency of AIT age of onset in the 16-30 age-range and those treated with levothyroxine had better metabolic control, than untreated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Radellini
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", PROMISE, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Enrica Vigneri
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", PROMISE, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Ornella Ferreri
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", PROMISE, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Piero Luigi Almasio
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", PROMISE, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", PROMISE, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", PROMISE, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarnotta
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", PROMISE, University of Palermo, Italy.
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Borysewicz-Sańczyk H, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Gościk J, Sawicka B, Bossowski F, Corica D, Aversa T, Waśniewska M, Bossowski A. Prevalence of Selected Polymorphisms of Il7R, CD226, CAPSL, and CLEC16A Genes in Children and Adolescents with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4028. [PMID: 38612837 PMCID: PMC11012896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) are common autoimmune endocrine disorders in children. Studies indicate that apart from environmental factors, genetic background significantly contributes to the development of these diseases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Il7R, CD226, CAPSL, and CLEC16A genes in children with autoimmune thyroid diseases. We analyzed SNPs at the locus rs3194051, rs6897932 of IL7R, rs763361 of CD226, rs1010601 of CAPSL, and rs725613 of CLEC16A gene in 56 HT patients, 124 GD patients, and 156 healthy children. We observed significant differences in alleles IL7R (rs6897932) between HT males and the control group (C > T, p = 0.028) and between all GD patients and healthy children (C > T, p = 0.035) as well as GD females and controls (C > T, p = 0.018). Moreover, the C/T genotype was less frequent in GD patients at rs6897932 locus and in HT males at rs1010601 locus. The presence of the T allele in the IL7R (rs6897932) locus appears to have a protective effect against HT in males and GD in all children. Similarly, the presence of the T allele in the CAPSL locus (rs1010601) seems to reduce the risk of HT development in all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Borysewicz-Sańczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Divisions, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (B.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Natalia Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 13, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Gościk
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Beata Sawicka
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Divisions, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (B.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Filip Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Divisions, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (B.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Domenico Corica
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria Cap, 98125 Messina, Italy; (D.C.); (T.A.); (M.W.)
| | - Tommaso Aversa
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria Cap, 98125 Messina, Italy; (D.C.); (T.A.); (M.W.)
| | - Małgorzata Waśniewska
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria Cap, 98125 Messina, Italy; (D.C.); (T.A.); (M.W.)
| | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Divisions, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (B.S.); (F.B.)
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Krupa A, Łebkowska A, Kondraciuk M, Kaminski KA, Kowalska I. Alteration in kynurenine pathway metabolites in young women with autoimmune thyroiditis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6851. [PMID: 38514790 PMCID: PMC10957988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation includes several compounds that reveal immunomodulatory properties. The present study aimed to investigate the alteration in KP metabolites in young women with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and their associations with thyroid function. The thyroid function tests, antithyroid antibodies measurement and ultrasonography of the thyroid gland have been performed in 57 young women with AIT and 38 age-matched healthy controls. The serum levels of tryptophan, kynurenine (KYN) and its metabolites were determined, and the activity of KP enzymes was calculated indirectly as product-to-substrate ratios. KP was activated and dysregulated in AIT, along with significantly elevated levels of KYN and anthranilic acid (AA), at the expense of the reduction of kynurenic acid (KYNA), which was reflected by the increase in the AA/KYNA ratio (p < 0.001). In univariate and multiple regression analyses, peripheral deiodinase (SPINA-GD) activity in AIT was positively associated with KYNA, AA, and quinolinic acid (QA). The merger of AA, AA/KYNA ratio, QA and SPINA-GD exhibited the highest sensitivity and specificity to predict AIT (p < 0.001) in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. In conclusion, the serum KYN metabolite profile is dysregulated in young women with AIT and could serve as a new predictor of AIT risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krupa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Łebkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Kondraciuk
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Karol Adam Kaminski
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Irina Kowalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
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Wang J, Wan K, Chang X, Mao RF. Association of autoimmune thyroid disease with type 1 diabetes mellitus and its ultrasonic diagnosis and management. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:348-360. [PMID: 38591076 PMCID: PMC10999045 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
As a common hyperglycemic disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a complicated disorder that requires a lifelong insulin supply due to the immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells. Although it is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder, T1DM is often associated with multiple other autoimmune disorders. The most prevalent concomitant autoimmune disorder occurring in T1DM is autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), which mainly exhibits two extremes of phenotypes: hyperthyroidism [Graves' disease (GD)] and hypo-thyroidism [Hashimoto's thyroiditis, (HT)]. However, the presence of comorbid AITD may negatively affect metabolic management in T1DM patients and thereby may increase the risk for potential diabetes-related complications. Thus, routine screening of thyroid function has been recommended when T1DM is diagnosed. Here, first, we summarize current knowledge regarding the etiology and pathogenesis mechanisms of both diseases. Subsequently, an updated review of the association between T1DM and AITD is offered. Finally, we provide a relatively detailed review focusing on the application of thyroid ultrasonography in diagnosing and managing HT and GD, suggesting its critical role in the timely and accurate diagnosis of AITD in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing 211200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Wan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Xin Chang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing 211200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui-Feng Mao
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lundberg Båve A, von Seth E, Ingre M, Nordenvall C, Bergquist A. Autoimmune diseases in primary sclerosing cholangitis and their first-degree relatives. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00781. [PMID: 38441983 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, there is limited overlap between IBD and PSC risk genes, but a stronger association between PSC and other autoimmune conditions. We aimed to assess the coexistence and familial association of autoimmune disorders in PSC, and the influence of autoimmune comorbidity on severe outcomes. APPROACH AND RESULTS In a matched cohort study, 1378 individuals with PSC and 13,549 general population comparators and their first-degree relatives were evaluated. National registries provided data on diagnoses and outcomes (liver transplantation, hepatobiliary cancer, and liver-related death). The OR of autoimmune disease was estimated by logistic regression. The Fine and Gray competing risk regression estimated HRs for severe outcomes. The prevalence of non-IBD, non-autoimmune hepatitis, and autoimmune disease was 18% in PSC and 11% in comparators, OR: 1.77 (95% CI: 1.53-2.05). Highest odds were seen for celiac disease [OR: 4.36 (95% CI: 2.44-7.49)], sarcoidosis [OR: 2.74 (95% CI: 1.29-5.33)], diabetes type 1 [OR: 2.91 (95% CI: 2.05-4.05)], and autoimmune skin disease [OR: 2.15 (95% CI: 1.52-2.96)]. First-degree relatives of individuals with PSC had higher odds of developing IBD, autoimmune hepatitis, and any autoimmune disease than relatives of the comparators [OR: 3.25 (95% CI: 2.68-3.91); OR: 5.94 (95% CI: 2.82-12.02); OR: 1.34 (95% CI: 1.19-1.50)]. Autoimmune comorbidity in PSC was not associated with poorer outcomes [HR: 0.96 (95% CI: 0.71-1.28)]. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with PSC and their first-degree relatives had higher odds of autoimmune disease compared to matched comparators. This finding provides validation for prior genetic discoveries at a phenotypic level. Autoimmune comorbidity did not impact severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiva Lundberg Båve
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Upper GI Disease, Division of Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik von Seth
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Upper GI Disease, Division of Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Ingre
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Upper GI Disease, Division of Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Nordenvall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pelvic Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Bergquist
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Upper GI Disease, Division of Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bouayad A, Benzekri L. Thyroid autoimmunity in relation to HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 polymorphism in nonsegmental vitiligo: a cross-sectional-study. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:524-530. [PMID: 38463584 PMCID: PMC10918139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV) is frequently associated with thyroid autoimmunity (TAI), however, the immunopathogenic mechanisms of such association remain to be investigated. The aims of this work were to estimate the frequency of TAI and to describe the genetic polymorphism in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 and -DQB1 loci in TAI susceptibility among patients with NSV. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, screening for TAI was performed in 97 Moroccan patients with NSV by measuring antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TGAb). HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 were determined with single specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) typing methods. RESULTS TAI was diagnosed in 20 patients with NSV (20.6%). The phenotypic frequency of DQB1*05 (OR = 5.04; P = 0.006; pc = 0.036) was significantly higher in NSV patients with TAI. Genotype DQB1*05/DQB1*06 (OR = 25.33; P = 0.001; pc = 0.003) confer susceptibility to TAI in NSV patients. NSV patients with TAI and early onset vitiligo have an extremely high phenotype frequency of DQB1*05 allele (OR = 14.67; P = 0.001; pc = 0.048) and DQB1*05/DQB1*06 genotype (OR = 26.55; P = 0.01; pc = 0.03). TAI in patients with NSV was (6.2%) associated with onset of clinical thyroid disease based on TSH and free T4. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that HLA-DQ polymorphisms influence TAI risk in subjects with NSV, although HLA does not completely explain the co-occurrence of these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Bouayad
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First UniversityOujda, Morocco
| | - Laila Benzekri
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Souissi University, Ibn Sina HospitalRabat, Morocco
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Song JL, Hu JW, Li LR, Xu ZL, Li JJ, Sun SR, Chen C. Association of thyroid autoimmunity with extra-thyroid diseases and the risk of mortality among adults: evidence from the NHANES. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1323994. [PMID: 38405150 PMCID: PMC10884096 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1323994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid autoimmunity is one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases. However, its association with extra-thyroid diseases and mortality risk in the general population remains uncertain. Our study aims to evaluate the association of thyroid autoimmunity with extra-thyroid disease and the risk of mortality. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with participants from 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012, tracking their mortality until 2019. Associations between thyroid autoimmunity, which was defined as having positive thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and/or thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), and extra-thyroid disease including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, arthritis, cancer and chronic renal disease and the risk of mortality were investigated. Results A total of 7431 participants were included in this study. Positive The prevalence of positive TgAb was 7.54%, and positive TPOAb prevalence was 11.48%. TgAb was significantly associated with diabetes (Model 1: OR=1.64, 95% CI:1.08-2.50; Model 2: OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.21-3.08) and hypertension (Model 1: OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.49-0.91; Model 2: OR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.44-0.88). TPOAb was associated with a lower prevalence of chronic lung disease (model 1: OR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.54-0.95; model 2: OR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.95). No associations were observed between TgAb, TPOAb and other extra-thyroid diseases. Neither TgAb nor TPOAb were associated with all-cause mortality or heart disease mortality. Conclusion TgAb was linked to a higher prevalence of diabetes and a lower prevalence of hypertension, while TPOAb was associated with a decreased prevalence of chronic lung disease. However, neither TgAb nor TPOAb posed a risk for all-cause mortality or heart disease mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sheng-Rong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- *Correspondence: Chuang Chen, ; Sheng-Rong Sun,
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Gandarillas S, Newland ES, Toppmeyer D, Stephenson R, Denzin L, Dasgeb B. HLA inherence as a potential parameter in checkpoint inhibitor-associated autoimmune adverse event assessment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1288844. [PMID: 38259857 PMCID: PMC10800809 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1288844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The success of immunotherapy has made it a lifesaving treatment, but not without side effects. Currently, the risk factors for developing immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients who receive immunotherapy are poorly understood, and there is no risk-stratifying mechanism for potentially fatal irAEs. It is postulated that oncology patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases are likely to have flares on immunotherapy. However, some patients develop de novo autoimmune conditions on immunotherapy without a prior history. Literature reports have postulated that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) inherence may play a role in irAEs. However, this potential remains underexplored. Methods The oncology patients who developed autoimmune adverse events on immunotherapy for whom the continuation of treatment was prudent or lifesaving were selected. Of note, all nine patients received checkpoint inhibitors (CIs). Of the nine selected patients, only one had a prior history of an autoimmune condition. None of the nine selected patients had an active autoimmune condition at the time of CI initiation. Their HLA was typed, and the results were cross-referenced with the literature reports in PubMed and Google search with the corresponding autoimmune condition of each patient. Results Herein, we report nine patients with irAEs for whom retrospective HLA typing revealed the inherence of multiple related HLA alleles that may correspond to the autoimmune condition that they had developed on immunotherapy. It is to be mentioned that the inherence of enriched disease-related HLA alleles was shared among patients with the same irAEs. These patients developed a range of irAEs including bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus foliaceus/vulgaris, thyroiditis, vitiligo, and hepatitis on immunotherapy. Although some combinations of disease-related HLA were well reported in otherwise idiopathic autoimmune diseases, a frequently repeated HLA allele combination in our patient population was found to be rarely seen in the general population. Conclusion The authors suggest that an enriched inherence of disease-related HLA alleles may play a role in the genetic propensity for the development of irAEs in oncology patients, who receive immunotherapy, including CIs. Inherence of more than one or a cluster of particular autoimmune disease-related HLA alleles in patients who receive immunotherapy may unmask the corresponding autoimmune disease as the genotype inherence presents with the phenotype of the corresponding condition. It is suggested that enriched linked HLA genotypes, which are otherwise rare in the general population, may present as the corresponding phenotype of the autoimmune condition. Such clinical presentation, enhanced by immunotherapy, such as CIs, can play a role in risk stratifying patients for precision medicine and improve the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Gandarillas
- Department of Dermatology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Deborah Toppmeyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Ryan Stephenson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Lisa Denzin
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Bahar Dasgeb
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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11
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Gong B, Wang Y, Zhang JA, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Li J, Wang X, Han Y, Yu Z, Zhang C, Peng B, Xing Y, Li Q, Wang P, Li Y, Teng W, Shan Z. Effects of altitude on thyroid disorders according to Chinese three-rung, ladder-like topography: national cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38167020 PMCID: PMC10762831 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese topography appears a three-rung ladder-like distribution of decreasing elevation from northwest to southeast, which is divided by two sloping edges. Previous studies have reported that prevalence of thyroid diseases differed by altitude, and geographical factors were associated with thyroid disorders. To explore the association between three-rung ladder-like regions and thyroid disorders according to unique Chinese topographic features, we conducted an epidemiological cross-sectional study from 2015-2017 that covered all 31 mainland Chinese provinces. METHODS A total of 78,470 participants aged ≥ 18 years from a nationally representative cross-sectional study were included. Serum thyroid peroxidase antibody, thyroglobulin antibody, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels; urine iodine concentration; and thyroid volume were measured. The three-rung ladder-like distribution of decreasing elevation from northwest to southeast in China was categorized into three topographic groups according to elevation: first ladder, > 3000 m above sea level; second ladder, descending from 3000-500 m; and third ladder, descending from 500 m to sea level. The third ladder was further divided into groups A (500-100 m) and B (< 100 m). Associations between geographic factors and thyroid disorders were assessed using linear and binary logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Participants in the first ladder group were associated with lower thyroid peroxidase (β = -4.69; P = 0.00), thyroglobulin antibody levels (β = -11.08; P = 0.01), and the largest thyroid volume (β = 1.74; P = 0.00), compared with the other groups. The second ladder group was associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (odds ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [1.18-1.43]) and subclinical hypothyroidism (odds ratio = 0.61, 95%confidence interval [0.57-0.66]) (P < 0.05) compared with the first ladder group. Group A (third ladder) (500-100 m) was associated with thyroid nodules and subclinical hypothyroidism (P < 0.05). Furthermore, group B (< 100 m) was positively associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibody positivity, and negatively associated with overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and goiter compared with the first ladder group(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We are the first to investigate the association between different ladder regions and thyroid disorders according to unique Chinese topographic features. The prevalence of thyroid disorders varied among the three-rung ladder-like topography groups in China, with the exception of overt hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshen Gong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Youmin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of An-Hui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, P. R. China
| | - Jin-An Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Affiliated With Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Jiashu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Xichang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Bingcong Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Yumin Xing
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Yongze Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, P. R. China.
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12
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Huang PS, Cheng JF, Chen JJ, Wang YC, Hwang JJ, Wu CK, Tsai CT. Higher Risk of Incident Hyperthyroidism in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:92-99. [PMID: 37565329 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been linked to increased hyperthyroidism risk, but contributing factors are unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether AF could predict hyperthyroidism and related risk factors. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary medical institution and included patients aged 18 years or older with AF but without hyperthyroidism at diagnosis. The endpoint was defined as newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism during the follow-up period. RESULTS The study cohort included 8552 participants. Patients who developed new hyperthyroidism were younger and the proportion of females was higher. They had fewer comorbidities, including diabetes (26% vs 29%, P = .121), hypertension (51% vs 58%, P < .001), coronary artery disease (17% vs 25%, P < .001), stroke (16% vs 22%, P < .001), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (6% vs 10%, P = .001). The CHADS2 score was lower in patients with hyperthyroidism (1.74 vs 2.05, P = .031), but there was no statistically significant difference in the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED score. Cox regression analysis identified younger age, female gender, history of congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, non-ESRD status, and lower CHADS2 score but not CHA2DS2-VASc as independent predictors of incident hyperthyroidism during follow-up. We also propose a novel, simple risk stratification score (SAD HEC2 score) with excellent predictive power for incident hyperthyroidism during follow-up. CONCLUSION Our results provide insight into clinical risk factors for the development of hyperthyroidism in AF patients, as identified by the novel SAD HEC2 score. AF appears to be a common precursor of hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Shuo Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin 640, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Fang Cheng
- Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Division of Multidisciplinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jien-Jiun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin 640, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chih Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Juey-Jen Hwang
- Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Kai Wu
- Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ti Tsai
- Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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13
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Odeh R, Gharaibeh L, Ibrahim S, Alassaf A. Associated autoimmune thyroid diseases in children and adolescents with type one diabetes in Jordan. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:917-924. [PMID: 37656596 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and related thyroid disorders among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Jordan. METHODS In a retrospective study, thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid hormone (Free T4) levels were measured in 684 children with type 1 diabetes who presented to Jordan University Hospital between January 2012 and February 2021. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin (TGAb) antibodies were measured in 526 and 438 subjects with type 1 diabetes, respectively. RESULTS 681 children were included in the study (52.4 % females, average current age 14.3 years, average age at diagnosis 8.0 years, and average diabetes duration 6.2 years). Of the whole group, 18 children (2.6 %) were diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism and 31 children (4.4 %) had overt hypothyroidism. Of those who were tested for TPOAb and TGAb, 22.6 and 23.1 % were positive respectively. Predictors for developing hypothyroidism were female sex and positive antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase. CONCLUSIONS Screening for associated thyroid autoimmunity in children and adolescents with type one diabetes from Jordan is advised with a special focus on females and those with positive antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Odeh
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lobna Gharaibeh
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, AI-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sarah Ibrahim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abeer Alassaf
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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14
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Peng X, Rao G, Li X, Tong N, Tian Y, Fu X. Preclinical models for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - A practical approach for research. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1644-1661. [PMID: 37859703 PMCID: PMC10583179 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.86566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous preclinical models have been developed to advance biomedical research in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). They are essential for improving our knowledge of T1DM development and progression, allowing researchers to identify potential therapeutic targets and evaluate the effectiveness of new medications. A deeper comprehension of these models themselves is critical not only to determine the optimal strategies for their utilization but also to fully unlock their potential applications in both basic and translational research. Here, we will comprehensively summarize and discuss the applications, advantages, and limitations of the commonly used animal models for human T1DM and also overview the up-to-date human tissue bioengineering models for the investigation of T1DM. By combining these models with a better understanding of the pathophysiology of T1DM, we can enhance our insights into disease initiation and development, ultimately leading to improved therapeutic responses and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes Metabolism Research, Cancer Center West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Topaloudi A, Jain P, Martinez MB, Bryant JK, Reynolds G, Zagoriti Z, Lagoumintzis G, Zamba-Papanicolaou E, Tzartos J, Poulas K, Kleopa KA, Tzartos S, Georgitsi M, Drineas P, Paschou P. PheWAS and cross-disorder analysis reveal genetic architecture, pleiotropic loci and phenotypic correlations across 11 autoimmune disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147573. [PMID: 37809097 PMCID: PMC10552152 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autoimmune disorders (ADs) are a group of about 80 disorders that occur when self-attacking autoantibodies are produced due to failure in the self-tolerance mechanisms. ADs are polygenic disorders and associations with genes both in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region and outside of it have been described. Previous studies have shown that they are highly comorbid with shared genetic risk factors, while epidemiological studies revealed associations between various lifestyle and health-related phenotypes and ADs. Methods Here, for the first time, we performed a comparative polygenic risk score (PRS) - Phenome Wide Association Study (PheWAS) for 11 different ADs (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Celiac Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis, Myasthenia Gravis, Type 1 Diabetes, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Vitiligo Late Onset, Vitiligo Early Onset) and 3,254 phenotypes available in the UK Biobank that include a wide range of socio-demographic, lifestyle and health-related outcomes. Additionally, we investigated the genetic relationships of the studied ADs, calculating their genetic correlation and conducting cross-disorder GWAS meta-analyses for the observed AD clusters. Results In total, we identified 508 phenotypes significantly associated with at least one AD PRS. 272 phenotypes were significantly associated after excluding variants in the HLA region from the PRS estimation. Through genetic correlation and genetic factor analyses, we identified four genetic factors that run across studied ADs. Cross-trait meta-analyses within each factor revealed pleiotropic genome-wide significant loci. Discussion Overall, our study confirms the association of different factors with genetic susceptibility for ADs and reveals novel observations that need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolia Topaloudi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Pritesh Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Melanie B. Martinez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Josephine K. Bryant
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Grace Reynolds
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- West Lafayette High School, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Zoi Zagoriti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Zamba-Papanicolaou
- Department of Neuroepidemiology and Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - John Tzartos
- B’ Neurology Department, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University Hospital., Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kleopas A. Kleopa
- Department of Neuroscience and Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Socrates Tzartos
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
- Tzartos NeuroDiagnostics, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianthi Georgitsi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Petros Drineas
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Peristera Paschou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Ataş PK. A novel hybrid model to predict concomitant diseases for Hashimoto's thyroiditis. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:319. [PMID: 37620755 PMCID: PMC10464155 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of thyroid cells through immune-mediated mechanisms involving cells and antibodies. The condition can trigger disturbances in metabolism, leading to the development of other autoimmune diseases, known as concomitant diseases. Multiple concomitant diseases may coexist in a single individual, making it challenging to diagnose and manage them effectively. This study aims to propose a novel hybrid algorithm that classifies concomitant diseases associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis based on sequences. The approach involves building distinct prediction models for each class and using the output of one model as input for the subsequent one, resulting in a dynamic decision-making process. Genes associated with concomitant diseases were collected alongside those related to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and their sequences were obtained from the NCBI site in fasta format. The hybrid algorithm was evaluated against common machine learning algorithms and their various combinations. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid model outperforms existing classification methods in terms of performance metrics. The significance of this study lies in its two distinctive aspects. Firstly, it presents a new benchmarking dataset that has not been previously developed in this field, using diverse methods. Secondly, it proposes a more effective and efficient solution that accounts for the dynamic nature of the dataset. The hybrid approach holds promise in investigating the genetic heterogeneity of complex diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and identifying new autoimmune disease genes. Additionally, the results of this study may aid in the development of genetic screening tools and laboratory experiments targeting Hashimoto's thyroiditis genetic risk factors. New software, models, and techniques for computing, including systems biology, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, are used in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Karadayı Ataş
- Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Arel University, 34537, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey.
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17
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占 雯, 赵 玲. [Type 1 diabetes mellitus is likely to increase the risk of thyrotoxicdsis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:1396-1401. [PMID: 37712277 PMCID: PMC10505565 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.08.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and thyrotoxicosis using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method. METHODS Based on the data from a large-scale metabolome-based genome-wide association study (GWAS), we investigated the causality between T1DM and thyrotoxicosis using inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, weighted Mode (WM) method and weighted median (WME) method. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely related to T1DM were screened as the instrumental variables (IVs). Outlier testing was performed using MR-PRESSON to reject the outliers. Heterogeneity tests, horizontal pleiotropy and sensitivity tests were performed to evaluate the reliability and stability of the results, and F-values were calculated to assess the presence of weak IVs bias. RESULTS There was a positive causal effect between T1DM and thyrotoxicosis in the total samples analyzed with the 4 MR methods. The ORs and 95% CIs calculated by IVW, MR-Egger regression, WM and WME methods were 1.077 (95% CI: 1.046-1.109), 1.076 (95% CI: 1.031-1.124), 1.082 (95% CI: 1.048-1.118), and 1.090 (95% CI: 1.052-1.129), respectively. The results of the heterogeneity test were P=0.127 and P=0.155, respectively, suggesting the absence of heterogeneity. Egger-intercept result was P=0.965, indicating the absence of pleiotropy. Leave-one-out analysis showed stable results. All the F values were greater than 10, indicating that there was no weak IVs bias. CONCLUSION T1DM is likely to increase the risk of thyrotoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 雯婕 占
- 广州中医药大学第二临床医学院,广东 广州 510006Second Clinical College of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - 玲 赵
- 广州中医药大学第二附属医院,广东 广州 510006The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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18
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Chiorean AD, Vica ML, Bâlici Ș, Nicula GZ, Răcătăianu N, Bordea MA, Simon LM, Matei HV. The C55A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in CTLA-4 Gene, a New Possible Biomarker in Thyroid Autoimmune Pathology Such as Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2517. [PMID: 37568880 PMCID: PMC10417055 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of autoantibodies against the thyroid gland. Different studies have shown that several genes may be associated with HT, which explains why patients often have family members with thyroiditis or other autoimmune diseases. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the correlation between polymorphisms at the level of exon 1 from the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to developing HT. In this study, we found that there is no statistically significant association between the polymorphism rs231775 (A22G in exon 1) of the CTLA-4 gene and a genetic predisposition to HT. In contrast, a strong association was discovered for the first time between C55A in exon 1 of the CTLA-4 gene and HT. Our findings suggest that there is a genetic relationship between the CTLA-4 (+55A/C) genotype and the seropositivity against thyroid autoantigens, such as anti-thyroid peroxidase (ATPO) and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (ATG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin-Dan Chiorean
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (Ș.B.); (G.Z.N.); (H.V.M.)
- Clinical Laboratory, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Laura Vica
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (Ș.B.); (G.Z.N.); (H.V.M.)
- Institute of Legal Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ștefana Bâlici
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (Ș.B.); (G.Z.N.); (H.V.M.)
| | - Gheorghe Zsolt Nicula
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (Ș.B.); (G.Z.N.); (H.V.M.)
| | - Nicoleta Răcătăianu
- Integrated Ambulatory of Endocrinology, Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mădălina Adriana Bordea
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.A.B.); (L.-M.S.)
| | - Laura-Mihaela Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.A.B.); (L.-M.S.)
| | - Horea Vladi Matei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (Ș.B.); (G.Z.N.); (H.V.M.)
- Institute of Legal Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Xiao Z, Luo S, Zhou Y, Pang H, Yin W, Qin J, Xie Z, Zhou Z. Association of the rs1990760, rs3747517, and rs10930046 polymorphisms in the IFIH1 gene with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases: a meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1051247. [PMID: 37426657 PMCID: PMC10327432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1051247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs1990760, rs3747517, and rs10930046 have been shown to be closely related to the risk of autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was firstly to examine the association of the rs1990760 with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in a Chinese population. Secondly, to assess the association of SNP rs1990760, rs3747517, and rs10930046 with autoimmune diseases susceptibility. Methods A total of 1,273 T1D patients and 1,010 healthy control subjects in a Chinese population were enrolled in this case-control study. Subsequently, we performed a meta-analysis on the association of the SNP rs1990760, rs3747517, and rs10930046 in the IFIH1 gene with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. The random and fixed genetic effects models were used to evaluate the association and the effect sizes, including odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Stratification analyses based on ethnicity and the type of autoimmune diseases were performed. Results IFIH1 SNP rs1990760 was not associated with a significant risk of T1D in the Chinese population in the case-control study. A total of 35 studies including 70,966 patients and 124,509 controls were identified and included in the meta-analysis. The results displayed significant associations between IFIH1 rs1990760 A allele and rs3747517 C allele and autoimmune diseases risk (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.01~1.17; OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.15~1.25, respectively). Stratified analysis indicated a significant association rs1990760 and rs3747517 with autoimmune diseases risk in the Caucasian population (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.02~1.20, OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.18~1.41, respectively). Conclusions This study revealed no association between IFIH1 SNP rs1990760 and T1D in Chinese. Furthermore, the meta-analysis indicated that rs1990760 and rs3747517 polymorphisms, confer susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, especially in the Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuoming Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuemin Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haipeng Pang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenfeng Yin
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiabi Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Martín-Masot R, Herrador-López M, Navas-López VM, Carmona FD, Nestares T, Bossini-Castillo L. Celiac Disease Is a Risk Factor for Mature T and NK Cell Lymphoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087216. [PMID: 37108375 PMCID: PMC10139431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten ingestion that damages the small intestine. Although CeD has been associated with a higher risk for cancer, the role of CeD as a risk factor for specific malignancies, such as enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), remains controversial. Using two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) methods and the summarized results of large genome-wide association studies from public repositories, we addressed the causal relationship between CeD and eight different malignancies. Eleven non-HLA SNPs were selected as instrumental variables (IVs), and causality estimates were obtained using four 2SMR methods: random-effects inverse variance-weighted, weighted median estimation, MR-Egger regression, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO). We identified a significant causal relationship between CeD and mature T/NK cell lymphomas. Under a multivariate Mendelian randomization model, we observed that the causal effect of CeD was not dependent on other known lymphoma risk factors. We found that the most instrumental IV was located in the TAGAP locus, suggesting that aberrant T cell activation might be relevant in the T/NK cell malignization process. Our findings provide new insights into the connection between immune imbalance and the development of severe comorbidities, such as EATL, in patients with CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Martín-Masot
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Infantil, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29011 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos "José Mataix Verdú" (INYTA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Herrador-López
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Infantil, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29011 Málaga, Spain
| | - Víctor Manuel Navas-López
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Infantil, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29011 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco David Carmona
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Reproducción Humana y Enfermedades Hereditarias y Complejas (IBS-TEC14), Terapias Avanzadas y Tecnologías Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Nestares
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos "José Mataix Verdú" (INYTA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Lara Bossini-Castillo
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Reproducción Humana y Enfermedades Hereditarias y Complejas (IBS-TEC14), Terapias Avanzadas y Tecnologías Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
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21
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Fernández-Torres J, Zamudio-Cuevas Y, Martínez-Nava GA, Martínez-Flores K, Ruíz-Dávila X, Sánchez-Sánchez R. Relationship between rs4349859 and rs116488202 polymorphisms close to MHC-I region and serum urate levels in patients with gout. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4367-4374. [PMID: 36943604 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gout is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease and elevated levels of serum urate (SU) are the main cause for its development. Major histocompatibility complex class 1 (MHC-1) plays an important role in the development of multiple inflammatory diseases; however, there is little evidence of its involvement in gout. The present study focused on evaluating the association of the rs4349859 and rs116488202 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) close to the MHC-1 region in patients with gout. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and seventy-six individuals of Mexican origin were included, of which 81 were patients with primary gout and 95 were healthy controls. The rs4349859 and rs116488202 SNPs were genotyped using TaqMan probes by allelic discrimination by real-time PCR. Serum concentrations of biochemical parameters were measured with enzymatic methods. Descriptive statistics were applied and P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. It was observed that the rs4349859 and rs116488202 SNPs showed significant association with the risk of gout (OR = 146, 95%CI = 44.8-480.2, P < 0.01; OR = 2885, 95%CI = 265-31398, P < 0.01, respectively). Our results also showed significantly higher serum SU levels in gout patients with respect to controls (P < 0.01) in the carriers of the GA genotype compared with the GG genotype of the rs4349859 variant, and in the carriers of the CT genotype compared with the CC genotype of the rs116488202 variant. CONCLUSION The study revealed that rs4349859 and rs116488202 SNPs close to MHC-I region confers strong susceptibility to gout in Mexican population, and the heterozygous genotypes of both were associated with higher levels of SU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Torres
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico.
- Biology Department, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Yessica Zamudio-Cuevas
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Karina Martínez-Flores
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060918. [PMID: 36980259 PMCID: PMC10047067 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common cause of acquired thyroid dysfunction is autoimmune thyroid disease, which is an organ-specific autoimmune disease with two presentation phenotypes: hyperthyroidism (Graves-Basedow disease) and hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is distinguished by the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Meanwhile, autoantibodies against the TSH receptor have been found in Graves-Basedow disease. Numerous susceptibility genes, as well as epigenetic and environmental factors, contribute to the pathogenesis of both diseases. This review summarizes the most common genetic, epigenetic, and environmental mechanisms involved in autoimmune thyroid disease.
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Frommer L, König J, Chatzidou S, Chionos G, Längericht J, Kahaly GJ. Recurrence risk of autoimmune thyroid and endocrine diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 37:101636. [PMID: 35365417 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The recurrence risk ratio (λ) expresses the risk ratio of index patients' first-degree relatives developing a disease as compared to the general population and is a quantitative measure of the genetic contribution to the disease. This paper offers the results of a specialized center as well as a review of the pertinent literature. METHODS Data from 3315 consecutive subjects followed at an ORPHAN academic tertiary referral expert center for endocrine autoimmunity as well as 419 unrelated German families were collected. λ was assessed based on 806 well-documented subjects, 299 index patients with autoimmune glandular (AIGD) and non-endocrine diseases and 507 of their first-degree relatives (328 children, 179 siblings). RESULTS As many as 36% of relatives of patients with autoimmune diseases (AID) were affected by various autoimmune conditions. Twenty-five percent and 23% of all relatives had an AIGD or an autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), respectively. Furthermore, 29% and 25% of relatives of index cases with polyglandular (PGA) and monoglandular (MGA) autoimmunity were affected. The recurrence risk for AITD was increased 16-fold in both children and siblings compared to the general population (λ, 95% CI 16, 11-21 and 16, 12-19, respectively). Furthermore, λ for AITD/AIGD was 21.62 (95% CI 14.17-30.69)/17.57 (11.80-24.36) and 13.48 (8.42-20.52)/10.68 (6.76-16.02) for siblings of patients with PGA and MGA, respectively. Overall, a strong genetic component for AITD and AIGD with a significant genetic impact on the development of PGA was demonstrated. CONCLUSION These novel results strongly recommend the screening for AITD and AIGD in children and siblings of index patients with AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Frommer
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochem König
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sofia Chatzidou
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Georgios Chionos
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Längericht
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - George J Kahaly
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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24
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Lafontaine N, Wilson SG, Walsh JP. DNA Methylation in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:604-613. [PMID: 36420742 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Graves disease and Hashimoto disease form part of the spectrum of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), to which genetic and environmental factors are recognized contributors. Epigenetics provides a potential link between environmental influences, gene expression, and thyroid autoimmunity. DNA methylation (DNAm) is the best studied epigenetic process, and global hypomethylation of leukocyte DNA is reported in several autoimmune disorders. This review summarizes the current understanding of DNAm in AITD. Targeted DNAm studies of blood samples from AITD patients have reported differential DNAm in the promoter regions of several genes implicated in AITD, including TNF, IFNG, IL2RA, IL6, ICAM1, and PTPN22. In many cases, however, the findings await replication and are unsupported by functional studies to support causal roles in AITD pathogenesis. Furthermore, thyroid hormones affect DNAm, and in many studies confounding by reverse causation has not been considered. Recent studies have shown that DNAm patterns in candidate genes including ITGA6, PRKAA2, and DAPK1 differ between AITD patients from regions with different iodine status, providing a potential mechanism for associations between iodine and AITD. Research focus in the field is moving from candidate gene studies to an epigenome-wide approach. Genome-wide methylation studies of AITD patients have demonstrated multiple differentially methylated positions, including some in immunoregulatory genes such as NOTCH1, HLA-DRB1, TNF, and ICAM1. Large, epigenome-wide studies are required to elucidate the pathophysiological role of DNAm in AITD, with the potential to provide novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lafontaine
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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25
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Rahim NS, McTaggart E, Cohen MC. Diabetes Related Deaths in a Tertiary Pediatric Referral Institution in England: The Value of Biochemical Analyses in Post-Mortem Samples. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2023; 26:115-123. [PMID: 36755423 DOI: 10.1177/10935266221146045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish the incidence of "diabetes-related death" (DRD) in children with known and unknown Diabetes Mellitus (DM) dying unexpectedly, and describe post-mortem (PM) biochemistry findings. PATIENTS AND METHODS PM reports from the previous 16-year period were reviewed. Cases of DRD were extracted. All available demographic, clinical, and autopsy data including laboratory analyses was retrieved. RESULTS 9/1376 (0.7%) DRD cases were identified. This was attributed to Diabetic Ketoacidosis in 7 and to Death in Bed Syndrome in 2. 4/9 cases were known diabetic and on insulin; whilst in 5/9 cases the diagnosis of DM was at PM. The mean age was 11.6 years (range 2.5-15). At PM, 4 cases were undernourished. The histology demonstrated pancreatic changes in keeping with DM in 3/9 and unremarkable pancreatic findings in 6/9. 3 cases also had autoimmune thyroiditis (1 also had myocarditis and Armanni-Ebstein nephropathy). Toxicological and biochemical analysis showed raised: β-hydroxybutyrate in 6, ketone bodies in 5 cases and raised HbA1c in 3c. CONCLUSION Type 1 DM is an infrequent but yet potentially preventable cause of death in children. Our findings highlight the value of routine biochemical and toxicological analysis in all PM examinations of infants and children dying suddenly and unexpectedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syahrina Rahim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Histopathology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Eleanor McTaggart
- Department of Histopathology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marta C Cohen
- Department of Histopathology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Bone & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Shpakov AO, Zorina II, Derkach KV. Hot Spots for the Use of Intranasal Insulin: Cerebral Ischemia, Brain Injury, Diabetes Mellitus, Endocrine Disorders and Postoperative Delirium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3278. [PMID: 36834685 PMCID: PMC9962062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A decrease in the activity of the insulin signaling system of the brain, due to both central insulin resistance and insulin deficiency, leads to neurodegeneration and impaired regulation of appetite, metabolism, endocrine functions. This is due to the neuroprotective properties of brain insulin and its leading role in maintaining glucose homeostasis in the brain, as well as in the regulation of the brain signaling network responsible for the functioning of the nervous, endocrine, and other systems. One of the approaches to restore the activity of the insulin system of the brain is the use of intranasally administered insulin (INI). Currently, INI is being considered as a promising drug to treat Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. The clinical application of INI is being developed for the treatment of other neurodegenerative diseases and improve cognitive abilities in stress, overwork, and depression. At the same time, much attention has recently been paid to the prospects of using INI for the treatment of cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injuries, and postoperative delirium (after anesthesia), as well as diabetes mellitus and its complications, including dysfunctions in the gonadal and thyroid axes. This review is devoted to the prospects and current trends in the use of INI for the treatment of these diseases, which, although differing in etiology and pathogenesis, are characterized by impaired insulin signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O. Shpakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Ilias I, Milionis C, Zabuliene L, Rizzo M. Does Iodine Influence the Metabolism of Glucose? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020189. [PMID: 36837391 PMCID: PMC9966122 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid function and glucose status are linked; experimental, clinical, and epidemiological studies have shown this. Iodine is a vital trace element that is inextricably linked to thyroid hormone synthesis. The latter is also associated with glucose metabolism and diabetes. Recently, some-but not all-studies have shown that iodine is linked to glucose metabolism, glucose intolerance, impaired fasting glucose, prediabetes, diabetes mellitus, or gestational diabetes. In this concise review, we review these studies, focusing on iodine and glucose metabolism and prediabetic conditions or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The potential beneficial effect of iodine on glucose metabolism may be attributed to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Ilias
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Charalampos Milionis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Lina Zabuliene
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio St. 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 141, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Missing Causality and Heritability of Autoimmune Hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 68:1585-1604. [PMID: 36261672 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis has an unknown cause and genetic associations that are not disease-specific or always present. Clarification of its missing causality and heritability could improve prevention and management strategies. AIMS Describe the key epigenetic and genetic mechanisms that could account for missing causality and heritability in autoimmune hepatitis; indicate the prospects of these mechanisms as pivotal factors; and encourage investigations of their pathogenic role and therapeutic potential. METHODS English abstracts were identified in PubMed using multiple key search phases. Several hundred abstracts and 210 full-length articles were reviewed. RESULTS Environmental induction of epigenetic changes is the prime candidate for explaining the missing causality of autoimmune hepatitis. Environmental factors (diet, toxic exposures) can alter chromatin structure and the production of micro-ribonucleic acids that affect gene expression. Epistatic interaction between unsuspected genes is the prime candidate for explaining the missing heritability. The non-additive, interactive effects of multiple genes could enhance their impact on the propensity and phenotype of autoimmune hepatitis. Transgenerational inheritance of acquired epigenetic marks constitutes another mechanism of transmitting parental adaptations that could affect susceptibility. Management strategies could range from lifestyle adjustments and nutritional supplements to precision editing of the epigenetic landscape. CONCLUSIONS Autoimmune hepatitis has a missing causality that might be explained by epigenetic changes induced by environmental factors and a missing heritability that might reflect epistatic gene interactions or transgenerational transmission of acquired epigenetic marks. These unassessed or under-evaluated areas warrant investigation.
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Persia FA, Abba R, Pascual LI, Hapon MB, Mackern-Oberti JP, Gamarra-Luques C. Prosopis strombulifera aqueous extract reduces T cell response and ameliorates type I diabetes in NOD mice. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 13:20-29. [PMID: 36685075 PMCID: PMC9845655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New products with tolerogenic properties on T cell response are necessary to improve current efficacy, cost and side effects of immunosuppressants. Prosopis strombulifera aqueous extract (PsAE) have reported cytotoxic, antitumoral, antiatherogenic and antileishmanial activities, containing phytochemicals with immune-related activities. Despite these, there are no previous studies with respect to PsAE suppressive properties over T cell proliferation and their function. Goal Because of previous antecedents, this study aims to evaluate the effect of PsAE on T cell activation, proliferation, cytokine production, and to investigate its effect over an in vivo model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Experimental procedure Splenocytes and sorted CD4+/CD8+ from wild type C57BL/6 mice were cultured to determine activation, IFN-γ release and T-cell proliferation after polyclonal stimulation. NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice were used to study the effects of orally administered extract on glycemia, insulitis stages and perforin-1 (PRF-1)/granzyme-B (GRZ-B) expression. Results In primary cultures, the plant extract impairs T cell activation, decreases IFN-γ release, and reduces proliferation after different polyclonal stimuli. In vivo, PsAE improves NOD mice glycemic levels and T1D progression by diminution of pancreas insulitis and reduction of PRF-1 and GRZ-B mRNA expression. To our knowledge, this is the first report characterizing the therapeutic properties of PsAE on T cell activation. Conclusion The current work provides evidence about in vitro and in vivo immunosuppressive effects of PsAE and promotes this plant extract as a complementary and alternative treatment in autoimmune T-cell mediated diseases as T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Andrés Persia
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CCT Mendoza CONICET, Argentina,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Romina Abba
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, CCT Mendoza CONICET, Argentina
| | - Lourdes Inés Pascual
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CCT Mendoza CONICET, Argentina
| | - María Belén Hapon
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CCT Mendoza CONICET, Argentina,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CCT Mendoza CONICET, Argentina,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Carlos Gamarra-Luques
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CCT Mendoza CONICET, Argentina,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina,Corresponding author. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CCT Mendoza CONICET, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n. Casilla de Correo 0855, CP5500, Mendoza, Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina.
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Characterization of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in a Cohort of 73 Paediatric Patients Affected by 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Longitudinal Single-Centre Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091552. [PMID: 36140720 PMCID: PMC9498530 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most frequent microdeletion syndrome and is mainly characterized by congenital cardiac defects, dysmorphic features, hypocalcemia, palatal dysfunction, developmental delay, and impaired immune function due to thymic hypoplasia or aplasia. Thyroid anomalies are frequently reported in patients with 22q11.2DS, although only a few well-structured longitudinal studies about autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) have been reported. Aim. To longitudinally evaluate the frequency of thyroid anomalies and ATD in patients with 22q11.2DS. Patients and Methods. Pediatric patients with a confirmed genetic diagnosis of 22q11.2DS were recruited and followed up on longitudinally. Clinical, biochemical, and immunological data were collected, as well as thyroid function, autoimmunity, and thyroid sonographic data. Results. The study included 73 children with 22q11.2DS, with a mean follow-up duration of 9.51 ± 5.72 years. In all, 16 of the 73 enrolled patients (21.9%) developed ATD before 18 years of age (mean age 12.92 ± 3.66 years). A total of 20.5% developed Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT), of whom 50% required L-thyroxine treatment; 1.4% developed Graves Disease. Thyroid hypoplasia was found in 6/16 patients with ATD and left lobe hypoplasia in 9/16 patients. These features were also found in patients affected by 22q11.2DS without ATD. Among patients who developed ATD, at the first altered ultrasound scan, the most frequent anomalies suggestive of thyroiditis were inhomogeneous echotexture, diffuse or irregular hypo-echogenicity, and vascular overflow. Conclusion. We strongly recommend periodic screening of thyroid function and for autoimmunity in patients affected by 22q11.2DS. Along with blood tests, ultrasound scans of the thyroid gland should be performed periodically since some patients who go on to develop an ATD could have specific anomalies on ultrasound prior to any other anomaly.
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Røyrvik EC, Husebye ES. The genetics of autoimmune Addison disease: past, present and future. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:399-412. [PMID: 35411072 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune Addison disease is an endocrinopathy that is fatal if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. Its rarity has hampered unbiased studies of the predisposing genetic factors. A 2021 genome-wide association study, explaining up to 40% of the genetic susceptibility, has revealed new disease loci and reproduced some of the previously reported associations, while failing to reproduce others. Credible risk loci from both candidate gene and genome-wide studies indicate that, like one of its most common comorbidities, type 1 diabetes mellitus, Addison disease is primarily caused by aberrant T cell behaviour. Here, we review the current understanding of the genetics of autoimmune Addison disease and its position in the wider field of autoimmune disorders. The mechanisms that could underlie the effects on the adrenal cortex are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Røyrvik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Eystein S Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Park YM, Yang CM, Cho HY. Therapeutic Effects of Insulin-Producing Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Type 1 Diabetes Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6877. [PMID: 35805883 PMCID: PMC9266974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), compromised pancreatic β-cell functions are compensated through daily insulin injections or the transplantation of pancreatic tissue or islet cells. However, both approaches are associated with specific challenges. The transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents a potential alternative, as MSCs have tissue-forming capacity and can be isolated from various tissues. The human umbilical cord (hUC) is a good source of freely available MSCs, which can be collected through pain-free, non-invasive methods subject to minimal ethical concerns. We sought to develop a method for the in vitro generation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) using MSCs. We examined the potential therapeutic uses and efficacy of IPCs generated from hUC-derived MSCs (hUC-IPCs) and human adipose tissue (hAD)-derived MSCs (hAD-IPCs) through in vitro experiments and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced C57BL/6 T1D mouse models. We discovered that compared to hAD-IPCs, hUC-IPCs exhibited a superior insulin secretion capacity. Therefore, hUC-IPCs were selected as candidates for T1D cell therapy in mice. Fasting glucose and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test levels were lower in hUC-IPC-transplanted mice than in T1D control mice and hAD-IPC-transplanted mice. Our findings support the potential use of MSCs for the treatment of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Park
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Cell Therapy R&D Center, HansBiomed Corp, 7, Jeongui-ro 8-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (C.M.Y.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Chang Mo Yang
- Cell Therapy R&D Center, HansBiomed Corp, 7, Jeongui-ro 8-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (C.M.Y.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Hee Yeon Cho
- Cell Therapy R&D Center, HansBiomed Corp, 7, Jeongui-ro 8-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (C.M.Y.); (H.Y.C.)
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Skov J, Kuja-Halkola R, Magnusson PKE, Gudbjörnsdottir S, Kämpe O, Bensing S. Shared etiology of type 1 diabetes and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a population-based twin study. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 186:677-685. [PMID: 36321757 PMCID: PMC9175555 DOI: 10.1530/eje-22-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes and Hashimoto's thyroiditis frequently cluster in individuals and in families, indicating shared origins. The objective of this study was to investigate familial co-aggregation of these diseases and to quantify shared genetic and environmental factors. DESIGN This study is a twin cohort study. METHODS National health registers were used to identify cases among 110 814 Swedish twins. Co-aggregation was calculated as risk ratios for type 1 diabetes among co-twins of individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and vice-versa. Variance explained by genetics (i.e. heritability), and the proportions thereof shared between the diseases, was estimated by contrasting associations in monozygotic and dizygotic twins using structural equation models. RESULTS Individuals with one disease were at a high risk for the other disease (adjusted risk ratio: 11.4 (95% CI: 8.5-15.3)). Co-aggregation was more common in monozygotic than in dizygotic pairs, with adjusted risk ratios of 7.0 (95% CI: 3.2-15.1) and 1.7 (95% CI: 0.7-4.1), respectively. Genetic effects shared across diseases accounted for 11% of the variance for type 1 diabetes and 9% of the variance for Hashimoto's thyroiditis, while environmental factors unique to individual twins, but shared across diseases, accounted for 10% of the variance for type 1 diabetes and 18% of the variance for Hashimoto's thyroiditis. CONCLUSIONS Both genes and environment unique to individual twins contribute to considerable etiologic overlap between type 1 diabetes and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. These findings add to the current knowledge on the mechanisms behind autoimmune disease clustering and could guide future research aimed at identifying pathophysiological mechanisms and intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Skov
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karlstad Central Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to J Skov;
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir
- Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- National Diabetes Register, Centre of Registers, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olle Kämpe
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sophie Bensing
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zajec A, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Tesovnik T, Šket R, Čugalj Kern B, Jenko Bizjan B, Šmigoc Schweiger D, Battelino T, Kovač J. Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes: Established Facts and New Insights. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040706. [PMID: 35456512 PMCID: PMC9032728 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the T-cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in pancreatic islets. It generally occurs in genetically susceptible individuals, and genetics plays a major role in the development of islet autoimmunity. Furthermore, these processes are heterogeneous among individuals; hence, different endotypes have been proposed. In this review, we highlight the interplay between genetic predisposition and other non-genetic factors, such as viral infections, diet, and gut biome, which all potentially contribute to the aetiology of T1D. We also discuss a possible active role for β-cells in initiating the pathological processes. Another component in T1D predisposition is epigenetic influences, which represent a link between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors and may account for some of the disease heterogeneity. Accordingly, a shift towards personalized therapies may improve the treatment results and, therefore, result in better outcomes for individuals in the long-run. There is also a clear need for a better understanding of the preclinical phases of T1D and finding new predictive biomarkers for earlier diagnosis and therapy, with the final goal of reverting or even preventing the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zajec
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tine Tesovnik
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Robert Šket
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Barbara Čugalj Kern
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Jenko Bizjan
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Šmigoc Schweiger
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Kovač
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Kong X, Diao S, Xu H, Sun J, Ma B. Association between miRNA-499 gene polymorphism and autoimmune diseases: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266265. [PMID: 35358276 PMCID: PMC8970500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The association between miRNA-499 rs3746444 and a variety of autoimmune diseases has been reported. However, these results were contradictory and just focused on one or two autoimmune diseases. The present study aims to examine the possible association between rs3746444 polymorphism and the risk of autoimmune diseases. Methods The studies that evaluated the association between miRNA-499 gene polymorphism and autoimmune diseases were retrieved. Five different genetic models were used to evaluate the association. The random-effects model was used to pool the effect sizes. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the associations. Stratification analyses were performed by ethnicity and type of autoimmune diseases. False-positive report probability (FPRP) was performed for determining noteworthy associations. Results Seventeen articles (twenty studies) involving 4,376 cases and 4,991 controls were identified and included in our meta-analysis. The pooled ORs of all eligible case-control studies indicated a significant association between miRNA-499 gene polymorphism and autoimmune diseases: (T vs. C: OR = 0.877; 95% CI: 0.774, 0.993; P = 0.039). Stratified analysis indicated a significant association across both Caucasian (TT vs. TC+CC: OR = 0.779; 95% CI: 0.622, 0.976; P = 0.030) and Asian (T vs. C: OR = 0.895; 95% CI: 0.808, 0.992; P = 0.035) populations. There was also a significant association in Behcet’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ulcerative colitis populations. Conclusions Our meta-analysis suggested that the miRNA-499 rs3746444 polymorphism was associated with an elevated risk of autoimmune diseases in the overall analysis as well as Caucasian and Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Shuling Diao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Huipu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Junming Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Baoxin Ma
- Second Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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Eom YS, Wilson JR, Bernet VJ. Links between Thyroid Disorders and Glucose Homeostasis. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:239-256. [PMID: 35385635 PMCID: PMC8987680 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid disorders and diabetes mellitus often coexist and are closely related. Several studies have shown a higher prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus and vice versa. Thyroid hormone affects glucose homeostasis by impacting pancreatic β-cell development and glucose metabolism through several organs such as the liver, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, and the central nervous system. The present review discusses the effect of thyroid hormone on glucose homeostasis. We also review the relationship between thyroid disease and diabetes mellitus: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes, as well as guidelines for screening thyroid function with each disorder. Finally, we provide an overview of the effects of antidiabetic drugs on thyroid hormone and thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sil Eom
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jessica R. Wilson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Victor J. Bernet
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Corresponding author: Victor J. Bernet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-5631 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA E-mail:
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Ding JT, Yang KP, Lin KL, Cao YK, Zou F. Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of immune checkpoint molecules and regulators in type 1 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1090842. [PMID: 36704045 PMCID: PMC9871554 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1090842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considered a significant risk to health and survival, type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by hyperglycemia caused by an absolute deficiency of insulin, which is mainly due to the immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. SCOPE OF REVIEW In recent years, the role of immune checkpoints in the treatment of cancer has been increasingly recognized, but unfortunately, little attention has been paid to the significant role they play both in the development of secondary diabetes with immune checkpoint inhibitors and the treatment of T1D, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4(CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1), lymphocyte activation gene-3(LAG-3), programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1), and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin protein-3(TIM-3). Here, this review summarizes recent research on the role and mechanisms of diverse immune checkpoint molecules in mediating the development of T1D and their potential and theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Immune checkpoint inhibitors related diabetes, similar to T1D, are severe endocrine toxicity induced with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Interestingly, numerous treatment measures show excellent efficacy for T1D via regulating diverse immune checkpoint molecules, including co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules. Thus, targeting immune checkpoint molecules may exhibit potential for T1D treatment and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Tong Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kang-Ping Yang
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kong-Lan Lin
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-Ke Cao
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Zou,
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Yao Q, Song Z, Wang B, Jia X, Song R, Zhang J. Identification of lncRNA and mRNA Expression Profile in Relapsed Graves' Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:756560. [PMID: 34926448 PMCID: PMC8673561 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.756560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Graves’ disease (GD) is a common autoimmune disease, and its pathogenesis is unclear. Studies have found that the occurrence of GD is related to the immune disorder caused by the interaction of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. The CD4+ T cell subset is closely related to the immune disorder of GD. LncRNAs are RNA molecules with a length of more than 200 nt and are involved in a variety of autoimmune diseases. However, the roles of lncRNAs in recurrent GD are still elusive. The purpose of this study is to identify lncRNA and mRNA expression profile in relapsed Graves’ disease. Method: CD4+ T cells from 12 recurrent GD and 8 healthy controls were collected for high-throughput sequencing. The gene-weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct the co-expression module relevant to recurrent GD, and the key genes in the module were verified by RT-PCR. Results: There are 602 upregulated lncRNAs and 734 downregulated lncRNAs in CD4+ T cells in recurrent GD patients compared with the healthy controls. The module most relevant to GD recurrence was constructed using WGCNA, and the key genes in the module were verified by RT-PCR. We found that the expression of RPL8, OAS2, NFAT5, DROSHA, NONHSAT093153.2, NONHSAT118924.2, and NONHSAT209004.1 was significantly decreased in GD group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: LncRNAs are closely related to the recurrence of GD. For the first time, we constructed the expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs in CD4+ T cells in recurrent GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Song
- Ovarian Cancer Program, Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghua Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Redondo N, Navarro D, Aguado JM, Fernández-Ruiz M. Human genetic polymorphisms and risk of viral infection after solid organ transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2021; 36:100669. [PMID: 34688126 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2021.100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The immune system plays a key role in the host defense against viral pathogens. A signaling cascade is activated upon infection involving a variety of molecules such as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), interleukins or antiviral interferons. Long-term immunosuppression after solid organ transplantation (SOT) mainly abrogates adaptive T-cell-mediated responses, thus highlighting the relative contribution of innate immunity. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes coding for PRRs or soluble mediators have been associated with differential susceptibility to viral infections among SOT recipients. A protective effect against cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection or disease has been attributed to certain SNPs in TLR9 or IFNL3 genes, whereas the opposite effect has been attributed to genetic polymorphisms in TLR2, MBL2, DC-SIGN, IL10 or IFNG. The presence of SNPs in other molecules not directly involved in innate or adaptive immune responses such as aquaporins or pregnane X appear to modulate the risk of CMV or BK polyomavirus infection, respectively. Little information is available on the genetic determinants of the post-transplant susceptibility to herpesviruses causing clinical infection (herpes simplex virus or varicella zoster virus) or the replication kinetics of components of the human blood virome used as immune surrogates (Torque teno virus). The present review critically summarizes the current knowledge on how SNP genotyping would be useful to stratify SOT recipients according to the individual risk of viral infection and proposes next research steps. Genetic susceptibility testing may improve personalized medicine and contribute to minimize the risk of viral infection after SOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Redondo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Navarro
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José María Aguado
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández-Ruiz
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Márquez A, Martín J. Genetic overlap between type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 44:81-97. [PMID: 34595540 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic β cells, which is driven by autoreactive T lymphocytes. It has been described that a high proportion of T1D patients develop other autoimmune diseases (AIDs), such as autoimmune thyroid disease, celiac disease, or vitiligo, which suggests the existence of common etiological factors among these disorders. In this regard, genetic studies have identified a high number of loci consistently associated with T1D that also represent established genetic risk factors for other AIDs. In addition, studies focused on identifying the shared genetic component in autoimmunity have described several common susceptibility loci with a potential role in T1D. Elucidation of this genetic overlap has been useful in identifying key molecular pathways with a pathogenic role in multiple disorders. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the shared genetic component between T1D and other AIDs and discuss how the identification of common pathogenic mechanisms can help in the development of new therapeutic approaches as well as in improving the use of existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Márquez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), Granada, Spain.,Systemic Autoimmune Disease Unit, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Martín
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), Granada, Spain.
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