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Nagaraj S, Quintanilla-Sánchez C, Ando K, Lopez-Gutierrez L, Doeraene E, Kosa AC, Aydin E, Brion JP, Leroy K. Downregulation of hsa-miR-132 and hsa-miR-129: non-coding RNA molecular signatures of Alzheimer's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1423340. [PMID: 38984196 PMCID: PMC11231994 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1423340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects the elderly population by causing memory impairments, cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. Currently, no curative treatments exist, emphasizing the need to explore therapeutic options that modify the progression of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as non-coding RNAs, demonstrate multifaceted targeting potential and are known to be dysregulated in AD pathology. This mini review focuses on two promising miRNAs, hsa-miR-132 and hsa-miR-129, which consistently exhibit differential regulation in AD. By employing computational predictions and referencing published RNA sequencing dataset, we elucidate the intricate miRNA-mRNA target relationships associated with hsa-miR-132 and hsa-miR-129. Our review consistently identifies the downregulation of hsa-miR-132 and hsa-miR-129 in AD brains as a non-coding RNA molecular signature across studies conducted over the past 15 years in AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siranjeevi Nagaraj
- Alzheimer and Other Tauopathies Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Center for Diabetes Research, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karelle Leroy
- Alzheimer and Other Tauopathies Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Center for Diabetes Research, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Mitamura R, Nakano M, Isono M, Kurosawa K, Fukami T, Nakajima M. NEAT1_2 and DAZAP1, Paraspeckle Components, Interact with PXR to Negatively Regulate CYP3A4 Induction. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1230-1237. [PMID: 37349114 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a major nuclear receptor that upregulates the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes such as CYP3A4. In our recent study, it was revealed that PXR interacts with DAZ-associated protein 1 (DAZAP1), which is an essential component of the paraspeckle, a membraneless nuclear body, and the interaction was disassociated by rifampicin, a ligand of PXR. The purpose of this study was to clarify the roles of paraspeckles in PXR-mediated transcriptional regulation. Immunoprecipitation assays using PXR-overexpressing HepG2 (ShP51) cells revealed that PXR interacts with not only DAZAP1 but also NEAT1_2, a long noncoding RNA included in the paraspeckle, and that the interaction between PXR and NEAT1_2 was disassociated by rifampicin. These results suggest that PXR is trapped in paraspeckles and that the activation of PXR by its ligands facilitates its disassociation from paraspeckles. Induction of CYP3A4 by rifampicin was significantly enhanced by the knockdown of NEAT1_2 or DAZAP1 in ShP51 cells and their parental HepG2 cells. A luciferase assay using a plasmid containing the PXR response elements of CYP3A4 revealed that the increased CYP3A4 induction by siNEAT1_2 or siDAZAP1 was due to the increased transactivation by PXR. These results suggest that paraspeckles play a role in trapping nuclear PXR in the absence of the ligand to negatively regulate transactivation of its downstream gene. Collectively, this is the first study to demonstrate that the paraspeckle components NEAT1_2 and DAZAP1 negatively regulate CYP3A4 induction by PXR. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study revealed that PXR interacts with paraspeckle components NEAT1_2 and DAZAP1 to suppress CYP3A4 induction by PXR, and the interaction is dissociated by PXR ligands. This finding provides a novel concept that paraspeckles formed by liquid-liquid phase separation potentially affect drug metabolism via negative regulation of PXR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Mitamura
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.M., Ma.N., M.I., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.) and WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) (Ma.N., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakano
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.M., Ma.N., M.I., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.) and WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) (Ma.N., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Isono
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.M., Ma.N., M.I., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.) and WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) (Ma.N., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiamu Kurosawa
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.M., Ma.N., M.I., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.) and WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) (Ma.N., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.M., Ma.N., M.I., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.) and WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) (Ma.N., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.M., Ma.N., M.I., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.) and WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) (Ma.N., K.K., T.F., Mi.N.), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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3
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Navarro C, Salazar J, Díaz MP, Chacin M, Santeliz R, Vera I, D′Marco L, Parra H, Bernal MC, Castro A, Escalona D, García-Pacheco H, Bermúdez V. Intrinsic and environmental basis of aging: A narrative review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18239. [PMID: 37576279 PMCID: PMC10415626 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Longevity has been a topic of interest since the beginnings of humanity, yet its aetiology and precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Aging is currently viewed as a physiological phenomenon characterized by the gradual degeneration of organic physiology and morphology due to the passage of time where both external and internal stimuli intervene. The influence of intrinsic factors, such as progressive telomere shortening, genome instability due to mutation buildup, the direct or indirect actions of age-related genes, and marked changes in epigenetic, metabolic, and mitochondrial patterns constitute a big part of its underlying endogenous mechanisms. On the other hand, several psychosocial and demographic factors, such as diet, physical activity, smoking, and drinking habits, may have an even more significant impact on shaping the aging process. Consequentially, implementing dietary and exercise patterns has been proposed as the most viable alternative strategy for attenuating the most typical degenerative aging changes, thus increasing the likelihood of prolonging lifespan and achieving successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Navarro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - María P. Díaz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Raquel Santeliz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Ivana Vera
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Luis D′Marco
- Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU Medicine Department, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Heliana Parra
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | | | - Ana Castro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Daniel Escalona
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Henry García-Pacheco
- Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Cirugía. Hospital General del Sur “Dr. Pedro Iturbe”. Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Unidad de Cirugía para la Obesidad y Metabolismo (UCOM). Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
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Plakkot B, Di Agostino A, Subramanian M. Implications of Hypothalamic Neural Stem Cells on Aging and Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050769. [PMID: 36899905 PMCID: PMC10000584 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus, one of the major regulatory centers in the brain, controls various homeostatic processes, and hypothalamic neural stem cells (htNSCs) have been observed to interfere with hypothalamic mechanisms regulating aging. NSCs play a pivotal role in the repair and regeneration of brain cells during neurodegenerative diseases and rejuvenate the brain tissue microenvironment. The hypothalamus was recently observed to be involved in neuroinflammation mediated by cellular senescence. Cellular senescence, or systemic aging, is characterized by a progressive irreversible state of cell cycle arrest that causes physiological dysregulation in the body and it is evident in many neuroinflammatory conditions, including obesity. Upregulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress due to senescence has the potential to alter the functioning of NSCs. Various studies have substantiated the chances of obesity inducing accelerated aging. Therefore, it is essential to explore the potential effects of htNSC dysregulation in obesity and underlying pathways to develop strategies to address obesity-induced comorbidities associated with brain aging. This review will summarize hypothalamic neurogenesis associated with obesity and prospective NSC-based regenerative therapy for the treatment of obesity-induced cardiovascular conditions.
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Elangovan A, Venkatesan D, Selvaraj P, Pasha MY, Babu HWS, Iyer M, Narayanasamy A, Subramaniam MD, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A, Kumar NS, Vellingiri B. miRNA in Parkinson's disease: From pathogenesis to theranostic approaches. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:329-354. [PMID: 36502506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age associated neurological disorder which is specified by cardinal motor symptoms such as tremor, stiffness, bradykinesia, postural instability, and non-motor symptoms. Dopaminergic neurons degradation in substantia nigra region and aggregation of αSyn are the classic signs of molecular defects noticed in PD pathogenesis. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNA) predicted to have a pivotal part in various processes regarding regularizing the cellular functions. Studies on dysregulation of miRNA in PD pathogenesis has recently gained the concern where our review unravels the role of miRNA expression in PD and its necessity in clinical validation for therapeutic development in PD. Here, we discussed how miRNA associated with ageing process in PD through molecular mechanistic approach of miRNAs on sirtuins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, dopamine loss, oxidative stress and autophagic dysregulation. Further we have also conferred the expression of miRNAs affected by SNCA gene expression, neuronal differentiation and its therapeutic potential with PD. In conclusion, we suggest more rigorous studies should be conducted on understanding the mechanisms and functions of miRNA in PD which will eventually lead to discovery of novel and promising therapeutics for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Elangovan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Dhivya Venkatesan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Priyanka Selvaraj
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Md Younus Pasha
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Harysh Winster Suresh Babu
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India.,Department of Zoology, Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Livestock Farming, & Bioresources Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Department of Zoology, Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, Vellore, India
| | | | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India.,Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, Bathinda, India
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6
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Protasoni M, Serrano M. Targeting Mitochondria to Control Ageing and Senescence. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020352. [PMID: 36839673 PMCID: PMC9960816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by a progressive impairment of cellular function and a systemic deterioration of tissues and organs, resulting in increased vulnerability to multiple diseases. Here, we review the interplay between two hallmarks of ageing, namely, mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence. The targeting of specific mitochondrial features in senescent cells has the potential of delaying or even reverting the ageing process. A deeper and more comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial biology in senescent cells is necessary to effectively face this challenge. Here, we discuss the main alterations in mitochondrial functions and structure in both ageing and cellular senescence, highlighting the differences and similarities between the two processes. Moreover, we describe the treatments available to target these pathways and speculate on possible future directions of anti-ageing and anti-senescence therapies targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Protasoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Cambridge Institute of Science, Altos Labs, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GP, UK
- Correspondence:
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Winsky-Sommerer R, King HA, Iadevaia V, Möller-Levet C, Gerber AP. A post-transcriptional regulatory landscape of aging in the female mouse hippocampus. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1119873. [PMID: 37122377 PMCID: PMC10135431 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1119873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with substantial physiological changes and constitutes a major risk factor for neurological disorders including dementia. Alterations in gene expression upon aging have been extensively studied; however, an in-depth characterization of post-transcriptional regulatory events remains elusive. Here, we profiled the age-related changes of the transcriptome and translatome in the female mouse hippocampus by RNA sequencing of total RNA and polysome preparations at four ages (3-, 6-, 12-, 20-month-old); and we implemented a variety of bioinformatics approaches to unravel alterations in transcript abundance, alternative splicing, and polyadenylation site selection. We observed mostly well-coordinated transcriptome and translatome expression signatures across age including upregulation of transcripts related to immune system processes and neuroinflammation, though transcripts encoding ribonucleoproteins or associated with mitochondrial functions, calcium signaling and the cell-cycle displayed substantial discordant profiles, suggesting translational control associated with age-related deficits in hippocampal-dependent behavior. By contrast, alternative splicing was less preserved, increased with age and was associated with distinct functionally-related transcripts encoding proteins acting at synapses/dendrites, RNA-binding proteins; thereby predicting regulatory roles for RBM3 and CIRBP. Only minor changes in polyadenylation site selection were identified, indicating pivotal 3'-end selection in young adults compared to older groups. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive resource of age-associated post-transcriptional regulatory events in the mouse hippocampus, enabling further examination of the molecular features underlying age-associated neurological diseases.
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Yan H, Yan Y, Gao Y, Zhang N, Kumar G, Fang Q, Li Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Song L, Wang J, Sun J, Zhang HT, Ma CG. Transcriptome analysis of fasudil treatment in the APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic (APP/PS1) mice model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6625. [PMID: 35459923 PMCID: PMC9033779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of progressive dementia. In the present study, we showed hippocampal tissue transcriptome analysis in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1, AD model) mice treated with fasudil (ADF) and compared with AD mice treated with saline (ADNS) and wild type mice (WT). The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed and validated the differential expression of mRNA, lncRNA, miRNA, and circRNA. Our study showed differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) between WT and ADNS, while enriched in cell growth and death and nervous system pathways. DEMs between ADNS-ADF were enriched in the nervous system, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-keratan sulfate (KS) and Quorum sensing pathways. We validated four genes with RT-PCR, whereas enrichment of Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long Chain Family Member 4 (Acsl4, ENSMUST00000112903) in Quorum sensing pathways, and BTG anti-proliferation factor 1 (Btg1, ENSMUST00000038377) in RNA degradation pathways were conducted. Expression of these two genes were higher in ADNS, but were significantly reduced in ADF. Histone H4 transcription factor (Hinfp, ENSMUST00000216508) orchestrate G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle and co-expressed with mmu-miR-26a-2-3p-mediated ceRNA and mmu-miR-3065-5p-mediated ceRNA; Wnt family member 4 (Wnt4, ENSMUST00000045747) was enriched in mTOR, Hippo and Wnt signaling pathway. Expression of these two genes were significantly lower in ADNS, and fasudil treatment reverse it. The present studies demonstrated four genes: Acsl4, Btg1, Hinfp, Wnt4 could be potential biomarkers of AD and the targets of fasudil treatment. These results will pave a novel direction for future clinic studies for AD and fasudil treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yan
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China. .,The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
| | - Ye Gao
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Nianping Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Gajendra Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Qingli Fang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Jiehui Li
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Yuna Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Jingxian Sun
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, 266073, China.
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China. .,The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
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Zhang Z, Yang B, Huang J, Li W, Yi P, Yi M, Peng W. Identification of the protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide on d-galactose-induced brain ageing in mice by the systematic characterization of a circular RNA-associated ceRNA network. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:347-366. [PMID: 33794121 PMCID: PMC8018556 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1893347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP), derived from Polygonatum sibiricum Delar. ex Redoute (Liliaceae), is known to be able to delay the ageing process. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these effects are not clear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of PSP treatment on brain ageing by the application of transcriptomic analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups (control, d-galactose, low-dose PSP, high-dose PSP). Mice were administered d-galactose (50 mg/kg, hypodermic injection) and PSP (200 or 400 mg/kg, intragastric administration) daily for 60 days. Behavioural responses were evaluated with the Morris water maze and the profiles of circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA, in the brains of experimental mice were investigated during the ageing process with and without PSP treatment. RESULTS PSP improved cognitive function during brain ageing, as evidenced by a reduced escape latency time (p < 0.05) and an increase in the number of times mice crossed the platform (p < 0.05). A total of 37, 13, and 679, circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs, respectively, were significantly altered by PSP treatment (as evidenced by a fold change ≥2 and p < 0.05). These dysregulated RNAs were closely associated with synaptic activity. PSP regulated regulate nine mRNAs (Slc6a5, Bean1, Ace, Samd4, Olfr679, Olfr372, Dhrs9, Tsc1, Slc12a6), three miRNAs (mmu-miR-5110, mmu-miR-449a-5p, mmu-miR-1981-5p), and two circRNAs (2:29227578|29248878 and 5:106632925|106666845) in the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our analyses showed that multiple circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs responded to PSP treatment in mice experiencing brain ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Wenqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengji Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Li Z, Li S, Wen Y, Chen J, Liu K, Jia J. MiR-495 Inhibits Cisplatin Resistance and Angiogenesis in Esophageal Cancer by Targeting ATP7A. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211039127. [PMID: 34747666 PMCID: PMC8579362 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211039127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer resistance to chemotherapy is closely associated with changes in transporter systems. In this study, we investigated the possible regulation of 1 copper ion transporter (ATP7A; ATPase copper transporting alpha) by microRNA miR-495 and its implications in cisplatin resistance and angiogenesis in esophageal cancer. Methods: MiR-495 and ATP7A mRNA expression in clinical tissue samples and 2 cancer cell lines (Eca-109 and TE1) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The levels of miR-495 and ATP7A expression in Eca-109 and TE1 cells were increased by transfection with miR-495 mimics and ATP7A-overexpression vectors. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis were assessed by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and tube formation assays, respectively. The levels of TNF-α and VEGF in cell culture supernatants were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and in situ expression of NLRP3 was measured by immunofluorescence. The binding of miR-495 to ATP7A sequences was verified by dual luciferase reporter assays. Results:ATP7A expression was significantly increased, while miR-495 expression was decreased in the cancer tissues of esophageal cancer patients. MiR-495 mimics decreased the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of cisplatin-resistant Eca-109 and TE1 cells. Furthermore, tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells, TNF-α and VEGF secretion, and the levels of MRP1, ABCG1, ABCA1, and NLRP3 expression in cisplatin-resistant Eca-109 and TE1 cells were all reduced by miR-495 mimics. MiR-495 was shown to directly bind to ATP7A gene sequences to repress ATP7A expression in Eca-109 and TE1 cells. ATP7A overexpression substantially abrogated the changes in proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and above-mentioned gene expression in cisplatin-resistant Eca-109 and TE1 cells. Conclusions: MiR-495 suppressed cisplatin resistance and angiogenesis in esophageal cancer cells by targeting ATP7A gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanghua Li
- Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Shaowen Li
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongqin Wen
- Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jingtang Chen
- Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Kejun Liu
- Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jun Jia
- Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
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11
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Irwin AB, Bahabry R, Lubin FD. A putative role for lncRNAs in epigenetic regulation of memory. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105184. [PMID: 34530054 PMCID: PMC8552959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The central dogma of molecular genetics is defined as encoded genetic information within DNA, transcribed into messenger RNA, which contain the instructions for protein synthesis, thus imparting cellular functionality and ultimately life. This molecular genetic theory has given birth to the field of neuroepigenetics, and it is now well established that epigenetic regulation of gene transcription is critical to the learning and memory process. In this review, we address a potential role for a relatively new player in the field of epigenetic crosstalk - long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). First, we briefly summarize epigenetic mechanisms in memory formation and examine what little is known about the emerging role of lncRNAs during this process. We then focus discussions on how lncRNAs interact with epigenetic mechanisms to control transcriptional programs under various conditions in the brain, and how this may be applied to regulation of gene expression necessary for memory formation. Next, we explore how epigenetic crosstalk in turn serves to regulate expression of various individual lncRNAs themselves. To highlight the importance of further exploring the role of lncRNA in epigenetic regulation of gene expression, we consider the significant relationship between lncRNA dysregulation and declining memory reserve with aging, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy, as well as the promise of novel therapeutic interventions. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the critical questions that remain to be answered regarding a role for lncRNA in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh B Irwin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rudhab Bahabry
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Farah D Lubin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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12
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Hamad N, Watanabe H, Uchihashi T, Kurokawa R, Nagata T, Katahira M. Direct visualization of the conformational change of FUS/TLS upon binding to promoter-associated non-coding RNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 56:9134-9137. [PMID: 32643734 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High-speed AFM revealed the conformational change of fused in sarcoma (FUS) from a compact to an extended structure upon binding of non-coding RNA, which is supposed to allow FUS to bind to CBP/p300 for transcriptional interference. Thus, a mechanistic insight into transcription regulation by FUS and non-coding RNA is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen Hamad
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. and Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-hommachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Watanabe
- National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchihashi
- National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, Aichi 444-8787, Japan and Department of Physics and Structural Biology Research Centre, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Riki Kurokawa
- Research Centre of Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagata
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. and Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-hommachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Katahira
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. and Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-hommachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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13
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Selected microRNAs Increase Synaptic Resilience to the Damaging Binding of the Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid Beta Oligomers. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2232-2243. [PMID: 31997075 PMCID: PMC7170988 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is marked by synaptic loss (at early stages) and neuronal death (at late stages). Amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau oligomers can target and disrupt synapses thus driving cognitive decay. Non-demented individuals with Alzheimer’s neuropathology (NDAN) are capable of withstanding Aβ and tau toxicity, thus remaining cognitively intact despite presence of AD neuropathology. Understanding the involved mechanism(s) would lead to development of novel effective therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting synaptic resilience to amyloid toxicity. NDAN have a unique hippocampal post-synaptic proteome when compared with AD and control individuals. Potential upstream modulators of such unique proteomic profile are miRNA-485, miRNA-4723 and miRNA-149, which we found differentially expressed in AD and NDAN vs. control. We thus hypothesized that these miRNAs play an important role in promoting either synaptic resistance or sensitization to Aβ oligomer binding. Using an in vivo mouse model, we found that administration of these miRNAs affected key synaptic genes and significantly decreased Aβ binding to the synapses. Our findings suggest that miRNA regulation and homeostasis are crucial for Aβ interaction with synaptic terminals and support that a unique miRNA regulation could be driving synaptic resistance to Aβ toxicity in NDAN, thus contributing to their preserved cognitive abilities.
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14
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Pinchi E, Luigi C, Paola S, Gianpietro V, Raoul T, Mauro A, Paola F. MicroRNAs: The New Challenge for Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnosis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:319-331. [PMID: 31729300 PMCID: PMC7327940 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191113100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The acronym TBI refers to traumatic brain injury, an alteration of brain function, or an evidence of brain pathology, that is caused by an external force. TBI is estimated to become the third leading cause of permanent disability and mortality worldwide. TBI-related injuries can be classified in many ways, according to the degree of severity or the pathophysiology of brain injury (primary and secondary damage). Numerous cellular pathways act in secondary brain damage: excitotoxicity (mediated by excitatory neurotransmitters), free radical generation (due to mitochondrial impairment), neuroinflammatory response (due to central nervous system and immunoactivation) and apoptosis. In this scenario, microRNAs are implicated in the regulation of almost all genes at the post-transcriptional level. Several microRNAs have been demonstrated to be specifically expressed in particular cerebral areas; moreover, physiological changes in microRNA expression during normal cerebral development upon the establishment of neural networks have been characterized. More importantly, microRNAs show profound alteration in expression in response to brain pathological states, both traumatic or not. This review summarizes the most important molecular networks involved in TBI and examines the most recent and important findings on TBI-related microRNAs, both in animal and clinical studies. The importance of microRNA research holds promise to find biomarkers able to unearth primary and secondary molecular patterns altered upon TBI, to ultimately identify key points of regulation, as a valuable support in forensic pathology and potential therapeutic targets for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Pinchi
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; E-mail:
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15
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Guo JL, Tang T, Li JH, Yang YH, Zhang L, Quan Y. LncRNA HEIH Enhances Paclitaxel-Tolerance of Endometrial Cancer Cells via Activation of MAPK Signaling Pathway. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1757-1766. [PMID: 31650338 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00718-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the function of lncRNA HEIH on promoting endometrial cancer cells' tolerance of paclitaxel (PTX). LncRNA HEIH expression was measured by QRT-PCR in endometrial cancer tissues, human healthy tissues and cell lines. The PTX-resistant endometrial cancer cells (Ishikawa-RE and HHUA-RE) were intermittently exposed to increase concentrations of PTX and were constructed as evidenced by MTT assay. Besides, the specific siRNA of HEIH (siHEIH) and pcDNA3.1-HEIH plasmid transfection were utilized to alter the expression of HEIH in the cells and investigate the effects of HEIH on resistance to PTX in endometrial cancer cells. Moreover, MTT, colony formation and apoptosis analysis were taken advantage to evaluate cell viability and proliferation when treated with PTX. Then, differential genes in PTX-resistant and HEIH-knock-down PTX-resistant endometrial cancer cells were screened out by microarray analysis. Finally, gene-set enrichment analysis was used to predict the promising signaling pathway of HEIH and western blotting analysis were performed to verify the relevant genes expression of MAPK signaling pathway. LncRNA HEIH, the dysregulation of which involved in production of drug-resistance, was overexpressed in PTX-resistant endometrial cancer cells. Up-regulating HEIH would activate MAPK pathway, promote chemo-resistance of endometrial cancer cells and enhance cell proliferation and viability, whereas silencing HEIH depressed the MAPK signaling pathway, contributed to restoring chemo-sensitivity to PTX and repressed cell physiological process. Down-regulating lncRNA HEIH expression reversed the PTX-resistance of endometrial cancer cells through MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Liang Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, No.20 Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, No.20 Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, No.20 Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hong Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, No.20 Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, No.20 Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Quan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, No.20 Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Gadecka A, Bielak-Zmijewska A. Slowing Down Ageing: The Role of Nutrients and Microbiota in Modulation of the Epigenome. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061251. [PMID: 31159371 PMCID: PMC6628342 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human population is getting ageing. Both ageing and age-related diseases are correlated with an increased number of senescent cells in the organism. Senescent cells do not divide but are metabolically active and influence their environment by secreting many proteins due to a phenomenon known as senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescent cells differ from young cells by several features. They possess more damaged DNA, more impaired mitochondria and an increased level of free radicals that cause the oxidation of macromolecules. However, not only biochemical and structural changes are related to senescence. Senescent cells have an altered chromatin structure, and in consequence, altered gene expression. With age, the level of heterochromatin decreases, and less condensed chromatin is more prone to DNA damage. On the one hand, some gene promoters are easily available for the transcriptional machinery; on the other hand, some genes are more protected (locally increased level of heterochromatin). The structure of chromatin is precisely regulated by the epigenetic modification of DNA and posttranslational modification of histones. The methylation of DNA inhibits transcription, histone methylation mostly leads to a more condensed chromatin structure (with some exceptions) and acetylation plays an opposing role. The modification of both DNA and histones is regulated by factors present in the diet. This means that compounds contained in daily food can alter gene expression and protect cells from senescence, and therefore protect the organism from ageing. An opinion prevailed for some time that compounds from the diet do not act through direct regulation of the processes in the organism but through modification of the physiology of the microbiome. In this review we try to explain the role of some food compounds, which by acting on the epigenetic level might protect the organism from age-related diseases and slow down ageing. We also try to shed some light on the role of microbiome in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gadecka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Bielak-Zmijewska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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17
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Kane AE, Sinclair DA. Epigenetic changes during aging and their reprogramming potential. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:61-83. [PMID: 30822165 PMCID: PMC6424622 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1570075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aging process results in significant epigenetic changes at all levels of chromatin and DNA organization. These include reduced global heterochromatin, nucleosome remodeling and loss, changes in histone marks, global DNA hypomethylation with CpG island hypermethylation, and the relocalization of chromatin modifying factors. Exactly how and why these changes occur is not fully understood, but evidence that these epigenetic changes affect longevity and may cause aging, is growing. Excitingly, new studies show that age-related epigenetic changes can be reversed with interventions such as cyclic expression of the Yamanaka reprogramming factors. This review presents a summary of epigenetic changes that occur in aging, highlights studies indicating that epigenetic changes may contribute to the aging process and outlines the current state of research into interventions to reprogram age-related epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E. Kane
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David A. Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Gao C, Zhao D, Wang J, Liu P, Xu B. Clinical significance and correlation of microRNA-21 expression and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2019; 74:e1237. [PMID: 31721935 PMCID: PMC6820508 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2019/e1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the clinical significance and correlation of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS The observation group contained 184 patients, while the control group contained 150 patients. The expression of miR-21 in the serum of each group was detected by qRT-PCR. RESULTS A total of 184 patients and their family members were followed-up for 30 days, among which 35 patients died and 149 patients survived, resulting in a survival rate of 80.97%. According to univariate analysis, there were significant differences in age, cardiac troponin (cTn), heart rate, Killip grade, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) operation rate, miR-21 and NLR. In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) values of miR-21 and NLR for the diagnosis of AMI were 0.909 and 0.868, respectively, and the area under the combined detection curve was 0.960. In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the survival of patients with high miR-21 expression and NLR was significantly higher than that of patients with low miR-21 expression and NLR (p=0.027; p=0.001). The correlation showed that miR-21 expression in serum was positively correlated with the NLR in the observation group (r=0.528, p<0.05). cTn, heart rate, Killip classification, PCI operation rate, miR-21, NLR are independent risk factors for AMI. CONCLUSION miR-21 and NLR play a role in the diagnosis of AMI and can be used as predictors for the survival of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkui Gao
- Emergency Department, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Dan Zhao
- Emergency Department, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Emergency Department, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Emergency Department, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baohe Xu
- Coronary Care Unit, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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19
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Kreiner G. What have we learned recently from transgenic mouse models about neurodegeneration? The most promising discoveries of this millennium. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:1105-1115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Qian C, Li H, Chang D, Wei B, Wang Y. Identification of functional lncRNAs in atrial fibrillation by integrative analysis of the lncRNA-mRNA network based on competing endogenous RNAs hypothesis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11620-11630. [PMID: 30478836 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A mounting body of evidence has suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in human diseases by acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). However, the functions and ceRNA mechanisms of lncRNAs in atrial fibrillation (AF) remain to date unclear. In this study, we constructed an AF-related lncRNA-mRNA network (AFLMN) based on ceRNA theory, by integrating probe reannotation pipeline and microRNA (miRNA)-target regulatory interactions. Two lncRNAs with central topological properties in the AFLMN were first obtained. By using bidirectional hierarchical clustering, we identified two modules containing four lncRNAs, which were significantly enriched in many known pathways of AF. To elucidate the ceRNA interactions in certain disease or normal condition, the dysregulated lncRNA-mRNA crosstalks in AF were further analyzed, and six hub lncRNAs were obtained from the network. Furthermore, random walk analysis of the AFLMN suggested that lncRNA RP11-296O14.3 may function importantly in the pathological process of AF. All these eight lncRNAs that were identified from previous steps (RP11-363E7.4, GAS5, RP11-410L14.2, HAGLR, RP11-421L21.3, RP11-111K18.2, HOTAIRM1, and RP11-296O14.3) exhibited a strong diagnostic power for AF. The results of our study provide new insights into the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in AF, and facilitate the discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danqi Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baozhu Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanggan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Di Pietro V, Porto E, Ragusa M, Barbagallo C, Davies D, Forcione M, Logan A, Di Pietro C, Purrello M, Grey M, Hammond D, Sawlani V, Barbey AK, Belli A. Salivary MicroRNAs: Diagnostic Markers of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Contact-Sport. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:290. [PMID: 30177873 PMCID: PMC6109773 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Concussion is difficult to diagnose, particularly when symptoms are atypical or late in presenting. An accurate and timely initial assessment is crucial for clinical management. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and blood markers of traumatic brain injury show promising results but their clinical applicability in concussion has significant limitations. In the study, we explored saliva as a new source of biomarkers of concussion. Saliva samples of concussed players were collected after 48-72 h from concussion and analyzed by high-throughput technologies. A discovery group of 10 concussed rugby professional and semiprofessional athletes and 10 non-concussed matched controls was used for the analysis of 92 inflammatory proteins by the Proseek-Multiplex-Inflammation technology. In addition, saliva samples of 6 concussed and 6 non-concussed athletes were used to screen 800 human microRNAs (miRNAs) by the Nanostring Technology. The results were then validated by RT-qPCR in an enlarged cohort (validation group) comprising 22 concussed athletes. Results showed, no significant variations of the 65 inflammatory proteins detected in saliva between groups but 5 microRNAs, miR-27b-3p (p = 0.016), let-7i-5p (p = 0.001), miR-142-3p (p = 0.008), miR-107 (p = 0.028), miR-135b-5p (p = 0.017) significantly upregulated in concussed athletes. Univariate ROC curve analysis showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs could be considered good classifiers of concussion. Further analyses showed significant correlation between these microRNAs and Reaction Time component of the ImPACT concussion assessment tool. In addition, biocomputation analysis predicted the involvement of these microRNAs in important biological processes that might be related to trauma, such as response to hypoxia, cell death, neurogenesis, axon repair and myelination. Ease of access and non-invasiveness of saliva samples make these biomarkers particularly suitable for concussion assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Pietro
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Edoardo Porto
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Ragusa
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit (BMGS), Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Italy
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit (BMGS), Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - David Davies
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Forcione
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Logan
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit (BMGS), Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Purrello
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit (BMGS), Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michael Grey
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Hammond
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vijay Sawlani
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aron K Barbey
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Antonio Belli
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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22
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Simard S, Coppola G, Rudyk CA, Hayley S, McQuaid RJ, Salmaso N. Profiling changes in cortical astroglial cells following chronic stress. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1961-1971. [PMID: 29907879 PMCID: PMC6046043 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that cortical astroglia play an important role in depressive-like behaviors. Potential astroglial contributions have been proposed based on their known neuroplastic functions, such as glutamate recycling and synaptic plasticity. However, the specific mechanisms by which astroglial cells may contribute or protect against a depressive phenotype remain unknown. To delineate astroglial changes that accompany depressive-like behavior, we used astroglial-specific bacTRAP mice exposed to chronic variable stress (CVS) and profiled the astroglial translatome using translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) in conjunction with RNAseq. As expected, CVS significantly increased anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and corticosterone levels and decreased GFAP expression in astroglia, although this did not reflect a change in the total number of astroglial cells. TRAPseq results showed that CVS decreased genes associated with astroglial plasticity: RhoGTPases, growth factor signaling, and transcription regulation, and increased genes associated with the formation of extracellular matrices such as perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs inhibit neuroplasticity and astroglia contribute to the formation, organization, and maintenance of PNNs. To validate our TRAPseq findings, we showed an increase in PNNs following CVS. Degradation of PNNs in the prefrontal cortex of mice exposed to CVS reversed the CVS-induced behavioral phenotype in the forced swim test. These data lend further support to the neuroplasticity hypothesis of depressive behaviors and, in particular, extend this hypothesis beyond neuronal plasticity to include an overall decrease in genes associated with cortical astroglial plasticity following CVS. Further studies will be needed to assess the antidepressant potential of directly targeting astroglial cell function in models of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Simard
- 0000 0004 1936 893Xgrid.34428.39Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Gianfilippo Coppola
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Christopher A. Rudyk
- 0000 0004 1936 893Xgrid.34428.39Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Shawn Hayley
- 0000 0004 1936 893Xgrid.34428.39Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Robyn J. McQuaid
- 0000 0001 1503 7525grid.414622.7The Royal Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Natalina Salmaso
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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23
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Shah SZA, Zhao D, Hussain T, Sabir N, Yang L. Regulation of MicroRNAs-Mediated Autophagic Flux: A New Regulatory Avenue for Neurodegenerative Diseases With Focus on Prion Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:139. [PMID: 29867448 PMCID: PMC5962651 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurological disorders affecting various mammalian species including humans. Lack of proper diagnostic tools and non-availability of therapeutic remedies are hindering the control strategies for prion diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant endogenous short non-coding essential RNA molecules that negatively regulate the target genes after transcription. Several biological processes depend on miRNAs, and altered profiles of these miRNAs are potential biomarkers for various neurodegenerative diseases, including prion diseases. Autophagic flux degrades the misfolded prion proteins to reduce chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress and enhance cell survival. Recent evidence suggests that specific miRNAs target and regulate the autophagic mechanism, which is critical for alleviating cellular stress. miRNAs-mediated regulation of these specific proteins involved in the autophagy represents a new target with highly significant therapeutic prospects. Here, we will briefly describe the biology of miRNAs, the use of miRNAs as potential biomarkers with their credibility, the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in major neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and prion diseases, degradation pathways for aggregated prion proteins, the role of autophagy in prion diseases. Finally, we will discuss the miRNAs-modulated autophagic flux in neurodegenerative diseases and employ them as potential therapeutic intervention strategy in prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Naveed Sabir
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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24
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Miquel S, Champ C, Day J, Aarts E, Bahr BA, Bakker M, Bánáti D, Calabrese V, Cederholm T, Cryan J, Dye L, Farrimond JA, Korosi A, Layé S, Maudsley S, Milenkovic D, Mohajeri MH, Sijben J, Solomon A, Spencer JPE, Thuret S, Vanden Berghe W, Vauzour D, Vellas B, Wesnes K, Willatts P, Wittenberg R, Geurts L. Poor cognitive ageing: Vulnerabilities, mechanisms and the impact of nutritional interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 42:40-55. [PMID: 29248758 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is a highly complex process marked by a temporal cascade of events, which promote alterations in the normal functioning of an individual organism. The triggers of normal brain ageing are not well understood, even less so the factors which initiate and steer the neuronal degeneration, which underpin disorders such as dementia. A wealth of data on how nutrients and diets may support cognitive function and preserve brain health are available, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their biological action in both normal ageing, age-related cognitive decline, and in the development of neurodegenerative disorders have not been clearly elucidated. OBJECTIVES This review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge of vulnerabilities that predispose towards dysfunctional brain ageing, highlight potential protective mechanisms, and discuss dietary interventions that may be used as therapies. A special focus of this paper is on the impact of nutrition on neuroprotection and the underlying molecular mechanisms, and this focus reflects the discussions held during the 2nd workshop 'Nutrition for the Ageing Brain: Functional Aspects and Mechanisms' in Copenhagen in June 2016. The present review is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe). CONCLUSION Coupling studies of cognitive ageing with studies investigating the effect of nutrition and dietary interventions as strategies targeting specific mechanisms, such as neurogenesis, protein clearance, inflammation, and non-coding and microRNAs is of high value. Future research on the impact of nutrition on cognitive ageing will need to adopt a longitudinal approach and multimodal nutritional interventions will likely need to be imposed in early-life to observe significant impact in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Miquel
- Mars-Wrigley, 1132 W. Blackhawk Street, Chicago, IL 60642, United States
| | - Claire Champ
- Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Day
- Cerebrus Associates Limited, The White House, 2 Meadrow, Godalming, Surrey, GU7 3HN, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Aarts
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben A Bahr
- Biotechnology Research and Training Centre, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, United States
| | - Martijntje Bakker
- The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, Laan van Nieuw Oost-Indië 334, 2593 CE The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Diána Bánáti
- International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- University of Catania, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Biological Tower - Via Santa Sofia, 97, Catania, Italy
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- University of Uppsala, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, Klinisk nutrition och metabolism, Uppsala Science Park, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Cryan
- Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, 386 Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise Dye
- Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aniko Korosi
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA Bordeaux University, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Department of Biomedical Research and VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Gebouw V, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, UCA, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - M Hasan Mohajeri
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland
| | - John Sijben
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, PO Box 80141, 3508TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Solomon
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Gävlegatan 16, SE-113 30 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute,125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- PPES, Department Biomedical Sciences, University Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - David Vauzour
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHU Toulouse, Gerontopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Keith Wesnes
- Wesnes Cognition Limited, Little Paddock, Streatley on Thames, RG8 9RD, United Kingdom; Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia; Medicinal Plant Research Group, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Willatts
- School of Psychology, University of Dundee Nethergate, Dundee, DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Wittenberg
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Personal Social Services Research Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie Geurts
- International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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25
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Sorrells S, Nik S, Casey MJ, Cameron RC, Truong H, Toruno C, Gulfo M, Lowe A, Jette C, Stewart RA, Bowman TV. Spliceosomal components protect embryonic neurons from R-loop-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.031583. [PMID: 29419415 PMCID: PMC5894942 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing factors are essential for the viability of all eukaryotic cells; however, in metazoans some cell types are exquisitely sensitive to disruption of splicing factors. Neuronal cells represent one such cell type, and defects in RNA splicing factors can lead to neurodegenerative diseases. The basis for this tissue selectivity is not well understood owing to difficulties in analyzing the consequences of splicing factor defects in whole-animal systems. Here, we use zebrafish mutants to show that loss of spliceosomal components, including splicing factor 3b, subunit 1 (sf3b1), causes increased DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in embryonic neurons. Moreover, these mutants show a concomitant accumulation of R-loops, which are non-canonical nucleic acid structures that promote genomic instability. Dampening R-loop formation by conditional induction of ribonuclease H1 in sf3b1 mutants reduced neuronal DNA damage and apoptosis. These findings show that splicing factor dysfunction leads to R-loop accumulation and DNA damage that sensitizes embryonic neurons to apoptosis. Our results suggest that diseases associated with splicing factor mutations could be susceptible to treatments that modulate R-loop levels. Summary: Loss of RNA splicing factors causes R-loop accumulation and DNA damage in embryonic neurons, sensitizing them to radiation-induced cell death. These findings suggest that diseased cells with mutations in splicing factors are vulnerable to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Sorrells
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sara Nik
- Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mattie J Casey
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rosannah C Cameron
- Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Harold Truong
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Cristhian Toruno
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Michelle Gulfo
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Albert Lowe
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Cicely Jette
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rodney A Stewart
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Teresa V Bowman
- Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA .,Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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26
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Bagla S, Cukovic D, Asano E, Sood S, Luat A, Chugani HT, Chugani DC, Dombkowski AA. A distinct microRNA expression profile is associated with α[ 11C]-methyl-L-tryptophan (AMT) PET uptake in epileptogenic cortical tubers resected from patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 109:76-87. [PMID: 28993242 PMCID: PMC6070303 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is characterized by hamartomatous lesions in various organs and arises due to mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. TSC mutations lead to a range of neurological manifestations including epilepsy, cognitive impairment, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and brain lesions that include cortical tubers. There is evidence that seizures arise at or near cortical tubers, but it is unknown why some tubers are epileptogenic while others are not. We have previously reported increased tryptophan metabolism measured with α[11C]-methyl-l-tryptophan (AMT) positron emission tomography (PET) in epileptogenic tubers in approximately two-thirds of patients with tuberous sclerosis and intractable epilepsy. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to seizure onset in TSC remain poorly characterized. MicroRNAs are enriched in the brain and play important roles in neurodevelopment and brain function. Recent reports have shown aberrant microRNA expression in epilepsy and TSC. In this study, we performed microRNA expression profiling in brain specimens obtained from TSC patients undergoing epilepsy surgery for intractable epilepsy. Typically, in these resections several non-seizure onset tubers are resected together with the seizure-onset tubers because of their proximity. We directly compared seizure onset tubers, with and without increased tryptophan metabolism measured with PET, and non-onset tubers to assess the role of microRNAs in epileptogenesis associated with these lesions. Whether a particular tuber was epileptogenic or non-epileptogenic was determined with intracranial electrocorticography, and tryptophan metabolism was measured with AMT PET. We identified a set of five microRNAs (miR-142-3p, 142-5p, 223-3p, 200b-3p and 32-5p) that collectively distinguish among the three primary groups of tubers: non-onset/AMT-cold (NC), onset/AMT-cold (OC), and onset/AMT-hot (OH). These microRNAs were significantly upregulated in OH tubers compared to the other two groups, and microRNA expression was most significantly associated with AMT-PET uptake. The microRNAs target a group of genes enriched for synaptic signaling and epilepsy risk, including SLC12A5, SYT1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, KCNB1, SCN2A, TSC1, and MEF2C. We confirmed the interaction between miR-32-5p and SLC12A5 using a luciferase reporter assay. Our findings provide a new avenue for subsequent mechanistic studies of tuber epileptogenesis in TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Bagla
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Daniela Cukovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Aimee Luat
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Harry T Chugani
- Department of Neurology, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Diane C Chugani
- Research Department, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA; Communication Sciences and Disorders Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Alan A Dombkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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27
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Abraham KJ, Ostrowski LA, Mekhail K. Non-Coding RNA Molecules Connect Calorie Restriction and Lifespan. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:3196-3214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Hao X, Du Y, Qian L, Li D, Liu X. Upregulation of long noncoding RNA AP003419.16 predicts high risk of aging‑associated idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8085-8091. [PMID: 28944926 PMCID: PMC5779893 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are able to regulate adjacent genes and thus participate in the incidence in the present study has identified lncRNA AP003419.16, adjacent to the protein-coding gene ribosomal protein S6 kinase B-2 (RPS6KB2). RPS6KB2 is believed to be involved in the process of aging and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), due to its activation by growth factors and regulation by the protein kinase mTOR signaling pathway. The results of the present study indicated that the expression of AP003419.16 increased significantly in patients with IPF, whereas its adjacent gene ribosomal protein S6 kinase B-2 increased simultaneously. AP003419.16 expression may be used to predict an increased risk of aging-associated IPF. The present study provided a molecular hypothesis of IPF occurrence in the aging process, in addition to novel molecular targets for the clinical treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Du
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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29
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Kovalchuk A, Kolb B. Chemo brain: From discerning mechanisms to lifting the brain fog-An aging connection. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1345-1349. [PMID: 28657421 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1334022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that cancer treatments cause numerous deleterious effects, including central nervous system (CNS) toxicity. Chemotherapy-caused CNS side effects encompass changes in cognitive function, memory, and attention, to name a few. Although chemotherapy treatment-induced side effects occur in 16-75% of all patients, the mechanisms of these effects are not well understood. We have recently proposed a new epigenetic theory of chemo brain and, in a pioneer study, determined that cytotoxic chemotherapy agents induce oxidative DNA damage and affect molecular and epigenetic processes in the brain, and may be associated with brain aging processes. In this paper, we discuss the implications of chemo brain epigenetic effects and future perspectives, as well as outline potential links with brain aging and future translational research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovalchuk
- a Department of Neuroscience , University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB Canadian Institute for Advanced Research , Toronto , ON Alberta Epigenetics Network, AB
| | - Bryan Kolb
- a Department of Neuroscience , University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB Canadian Institute for Advanced Research , Toronto , ON Alberta Epigenetics Network, AB
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30
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Ataxin-2: From RNA Control to Human Health and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8060157. [PMID: 28587229 PMCID: PMC5485521 DOI: 10.3390/genes8060157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins play fundamental roles in the regulation of molecular processes critical to cellular and organismal homeostasis. Recent studies have identified the RNA-binding protein Ataxin-2 as a genetic determinant or risk factor for various diseases including spinocerebellar ataxia type II (SCA2) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), amongst others. Here, we first discuss the increasingly wide-ranging molecular functions of Ataxin-2, from the regulation of RNA stability and translation to the repression of deleterious accumulation of the RNA-DNA hybrid-harbouring R-loop structures. We also highlight the broader physiological roles of Ataxin-2 such as in the regulation of cellular metabolism and circadian rhythms. Finally, we discuss insight from clinically focused studies to shed light on the impact of molecular and physiological roles of Ataxin-2 in various human diseases. We anticipate that deciphering the fundamental functions of Ataxin-2 will uncover unique approaches to help cure or control debilitating and lethal human diseases.
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31
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Di Pietro V, Ragusa M, Davies D, Su Z, Hazeldine J, Lazzarino G, Hill LJ, Crombie N, Foster M, Purrello M, Logan A, Belli A. MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Mild and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:1948-1956. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Pietro
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Center, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - David Davies
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Center, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zhangjie Su
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Center, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Hazeldine
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Center, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lisa J. Hill
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Center, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Crombie
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Center, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- West Midlands Air Ambulance Trust, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Foster
- Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Center for Defense Medicine, Institute of Research and Development, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Purrello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ann Logan
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Center, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Belli
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Center, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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32
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Powell SK, Gregory J, Akbarian S, Brennand KJ. Application of CRISPR/Cas9 to the study of brain development and neuropsychiatric disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 82:157-166. [PMID: 28549865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 technology has transformed our ability to manipulate the genome and epigenome, from efficient genomic editing to targeted localization of effectors to specific loci. Through the manipulation of DNA- and histone-modifying enzyme activities, activation or repression of gene expression, and targeting of transcriptional regulators, the role of gene-regulatory and epigenetic pathways in basic biology and disease processes can be directly queried. Here, we discuss emerging CRISPR-based methodologies, with specific consideration of neurobiological applications of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Powell
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - J Gregory
- Instructional Technology Group, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - S Akbarian
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - K J Brennand
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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33
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Naderlinger E, Holzmann K. Epigenetic Regulation of Telomere Maintenance for Therapeutic Interventions in Gliomas. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E145. [PMID: 28513547 PMCID: PMC5448019 DOI: 10.3390/genes8050145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade astrocytoma of WHO grade 4 termed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common human brain tumor with poor patient outcome. Astrocytoma demonstrates two known telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs) based on telomerase activity (TA) and on alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). ALT is associated with lower tumor grades and better outcome. In contrast to ALT, regulation of TA in tumors by direct mutation and epigenetic activation of the hTERT promoter is well established. Here, we summarize the genetic background of TMMs in non-malignant cells and in cancer, in addition to clinical and pathological features of gliomas. Furthermore, we present new evidence for epigenetic mechanisms (EMs) involved in regulation of ALT and TA with special emphasis on human diffuse gliomas as potential therapeutic drug targets. We discuss the role of TMM associated telomeric chromatin factors such as DNA and histone modifying enzymes and non-coding RNAs including microRNAs and long telomeric TERRA transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Naderlinger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Klaus Holzmann
- Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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34
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Chen BJ, Ueberham U, Mills JD, Kirazov L, Kirazov E, Knobloch M, Bochmann J, Jendrek R, Takenaka K, Bliim N, Arendt T, Janitz M. RNA sequencing reveals pronounced changes in the noncoding transcriptome of aging synaptosomes. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:67-77. [PMID: 28499146 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Normal aging is associated with impairments in cognitive functions. These alterations are caused by diminutive changes in the biology of synapses, and ineffective neurotransmission, rather than loss of neurons. Hitherto, only a few studies, exploring molecular mechanisms of healthy brain aging in higher vertebrates, utilized synaptosomal fractions to survey local changes in aging-related transcriptome dynamics. Here we present, for the first time, a comparative analysis of the synaptosomes transcriptome in the aging mouse brain using RNA sequencing. Our results show changes in the expression of genes contributing to biological pathways related to neurite guidance, synaptosomal physiology, and RNA splicing. More intriguingly, we also discovered alterations in the expression of thousands of novel, unannotated lincRNAs during aging. Further, detailed characterization of the cleavage and polyadenylation factor I subunit 1 (Clp1) mRNA and protein expression indicates its increased expression in neuronal processes of hippocampal stratum radiatum in aging mice. Together, our study uncovers a new layer of transcriptional regulation which is targeted by aging within the local environment of interconnecting neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jun Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Uwe Ueberham
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, School of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ludmil Kirazov
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, School of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Evgeni Kirazov
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, School of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mara Knobloch
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, School of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Bochmann
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, School of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Renate Jendrek
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, School of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konii Takenaka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicola Bliim
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Arendt
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, School of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Janitz
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Hu AX, Huang ZY, Zhang L, Shen J. Potential prognostic long non-coding RNA identification and their validation in predicting survival of patients with multiple myeloma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694563. [PMID: 28378636 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma, a typical hematological malignancy, is characterized by malignant proliferation of plasma cells. This study was to identify differently expressed long non-coding RNAs to predict the survival of patients with multiple myeloma efficiently. Gene expressing profiles of diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma, GSE24080 (559 samples) and GSE57317 (55 samples), were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. After processing, survival-related long non-coding RNAs were identified by Cox regression analysis. The prognosis of multiple myeloma patients with differently expressed long non-coding RNAs was predicted by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Meanwhile, stratified analysis was performed based on the concentrations of serum beta 2-microglobulin (S-beta 2m), albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase of multiple myeloma patients. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to further explore the functions of identified long non-coding RNAs. A total of 176 long non-coding RNAs significantly related to the survival of multiple myeloma patients (p < 0.05) were identified. In dataset GSE24080 and GSE57317, there were 558 and 55 patients being clustered into two groups with significant differences, respectively. Stratified analysis indicated that prediction of the prognoses with these long non-coding RNAs was independent from other clinical phenotype of multiple myeloma. Gene set enrichment analysis–identified pathways of cell cycle, focal adhesion, and G2-M checkpoint were associated with these long non-coding RNAs. A total of 176 long non-coding RNAs, especially RP1-286D6.1, AC008875.2, MTMR9L, AC069360.2, and AL512791.1, were potential biomarkers to evaluate the prognosis of multiple myeloma patients. These long non-coding RNAs participated indispensably in many pathways associated to the development of multiple myeloma; however, the molecular mechanisms need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Xin Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Huang
- PuAi Institute, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, Huai’an, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Changzhou Hygiene Vocational Technology School, Changzhou, China
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Millan MJ. Linking deregulation of non-coding RNA to the core pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease: An integrative review. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:1-68. [PMID: 28322921 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human genome encodes a vast repertoire of protein non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), some specific to the brain. MicroRNAs, which interfere with the translation of target mRNAs, are of particular interest since their deregulation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains challenging to link the complex body of observations on miRNAs and AD into a coherent framework. Using extensive graphical support, this article discusses how a diverse panoply of miRNAs convergently and divergently impact (and are impacted by) core pathophysiological processes underlying AD: neuroinflammation and oxidative stress; aberrant generation of β-amyloid-42 (Aβ42); anomalies in the production, cleavage and post-translational marking of Tau; impaired clearance of Aβ42 and Tau; perturbation of axonal organisation; disruption of synaptic plasticity; endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response; mitochondrial dysfunction; aberrant induction of cell cycle re-entry; and apoptotic loss of neurons. Intriguingly, some classes of miRNA provoke these cellular anomalies, whereas others act in a counter-regulatory, protective mode. Moreover, changes in levels of certain species of miRNA are a consequence of the above-mentioned anomalies. In addition to miRNAs, circular RNAs, piRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and other types of ncRNA are being increasingly implicated in AD. Overall, a complex mesh of deregulated and multi-tasking ncRNAs reciprocally interacts with core pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD. Alterations in ncRNAs can be detected in CSF and the circulation as well as the brain and are showing promise as biomarkers, with the ultimate goal clinical exploitation as targets for novel modes of symptomatic and course-altering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, institut de recherche Servier, 125 chemin de ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France.
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37
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Vendramin R, Marine JC, Leucci E. Non-coding RNAs: the dark side of nuclear-mitochondrial communication. EMBO J 2017; 36:1123-1133. [PMID: 28314780 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical hubs for the integration of several key metabolic processes implicated in cell growth and survival. They originated from bacterial ancestors through endosymbiosis, following the transfer of more than 90% of their endosymbiont genome to the host cell nucleus. Over time, a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship has been established, which relies on continuous and elaborate signaling mechanisms between this life-essential organelle and its host. The ability of mitochondria to signal their functional state and trigger compensatory and adaptive cellular responses has long been recognized, but the underlying molecular mechanisms involved have remained poorly understood. Recent evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) may contribute to the synchronization of a series of essential cellular and mitochondrial biological processes, acting as "messengers" between the nucleus and the mitochondria. Here, we discuss the emerging putative roles of ncRNAs in various bidirectional signaling pathways established between the host cell and its mitochondria, and how the dysregulation of these pathways may lead to aging-related diseases, including cancer, and offer new promising therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Vendramin
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eleonora Leucci
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,RNA Molecular Biology, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Charleroi, Belgium
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38
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Song C, Song C, Chen K, Zhang X. Inhibition of long non-coding RNA IGF2AS protects apoptosis and neuronal loss in anesthetic-damaged mouse neural stem cell derived neurons. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:218-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are over 200 nucleotides in length and are transcribed from the mammalian genome in a tissue-specific and developmentally regulated pattern. There is growing recognition that lncRNAs are novel biomarkers and/or key regulators of toxicological responses in humans and animal models. Lacking protein-coding capacity, the numerous types of lncRNAs possess a myriad of transcriptional regulatory functions that include cis and trans gene expression, transcription factor activity, chromatin remodeling, imprinting, and enhancer up-regulation. LncRNAs also influence mRNA processing, post-transcriptional regulation, and protein trafficking. Dysregulation of lncRNAs has been implicated in various human health outcomes such as various cancers, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases, as well as intermediary metabolism such as glucose, lipid, and bile acid homeostasis. Interestingly, emerging evidence in the literature over the past five years has shown that lncRNA regulation is impacted by exposures to various chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, cadmium, chlorpyrifos-methyl, bisphenol A, phthalates, phenols, and bile acids. Recent technological advancements, including next-generation sequencing technologies and novel computational algorithms, have enabled the profiling and functional characterizations of lncRNAs on a genomic scale. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis and general biological functions of lncRNAs, highlight the important roles of lncRNAs in human diseases and especially during the toxicological responses to various xenobiotics, evaluate current methods for identifying aberrant lncRNA expression and molecular target interactions, and discuss the potential to implement these tools to address fundamental questions in toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Dempsey
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
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40
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Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly abundant and evolutionarily conserved non-coding RNAs produced by circularization of specific exons. Since their re-discovery as potential regulators of gene expression, thousands of circRNAs were detected in different tissues and cell types across most organisms. Accumulating data suggest key roles for them in the central nervous system. Neuronal-expressed RNAs are diverted to yield highly enriched CircRNAs in human, mouse, pig and flies, with many of them enriched in neuronal tissues. CircRNA levels are dynamically modulated in neurons, both during differentiation and following bursts of electrical activity, and accumulate with age, and many of them are enriched in synapses. Together, available data suggest that circRNAs have important roles in synaptic plasticity and neuronal function. This review covers current advances in the field and lays out hypotheses regarding functions of circRNAs in the brain as well as their putative involvement in initiation and progression of neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Hanan
- a Department of Biological Chemistry , Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- a Department of Biological Chemistry , Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus , Jerusalem , Israel.,b The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Sebastian Kadener
- a Department of Biological Chemistry , Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus , Jerusalem , Israel
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41
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Pietrzak M, Papp A, Curtis A, Handelman SK, Kataki M, Scharre DW, Rempala G, Sadee W. Gene expression profiling of brain samples from patients with Lewy body dementia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:875-880. [PMID: 27666482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. The development and progression of DLB remain unclear. In this study we used next generation sequencing to assess RNA expression profiles and cellular processes associated with DLB in the anterior cingulate cortex, a brain region affected by DLB pathology. The expression measurements were made in autopsy brain tissues from 8 DLB subjects and 10 age-matched controls using AmpliSeq technology with ion torrent sequencing. The analysis of RNA expression profiles revealed 490 differentially expressed genes, among which 367 genes were down-regulated and 123 were up-regulated. Functional enrichment analysis of genes differentially expressed in DLB indicated downregulation of genes associated with myelination, neurogenesis, and regulation of nervous system development. miRNA binding sites enriched in these mRNAs yielded a list of candidate miRNAs participating in DLB pathophysiology. Our study provides a comprehensive picture of gene expression landscape in DLB, identifying key cellular processes associated with DLB pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Pietrzak
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Audrey Papp
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Curtis
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Samuel K Handelman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maria Kataki
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Douglas W Scharre
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Grzegorz Rempala
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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42
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Aberrant LncRNA Expression Profile in a Contusion Spinal Cord Injury Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9249401. [PMID: 27689092 PMCID: PMC5027055 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9249401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) play a crucial role in cell growth, development, and various diseases related to the central nervous system. However, LncRNA differential expression profiles in spinal cord injury are yet to be reported. In this study, we profiled the expression pattern of LncRNAs using a microarray method in a contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) mouse model. Compared with a spinal cord without injury, few changes in LncRNA expression levels were noted 1 day after injury. The differential changes in LncRNA expression peaked 1 week after SCI and subsequently declined until 3 weeks after injury. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the reliability of the microarray, demonstrating that the results were reliable. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that differentially expressed mRNAs were involved in transport, cell adhesion, ion transport, and metabolic processes, among others. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and focal adhesions were potentially implicated in SCI pathology. We constructed a dynamic LncRNA-mRNA network containing 264 LncRNAs and 949 mRNAs to elucidate the interactions between the LncRNAs and mRNAs. Overall, the results from this study indicate for the first time that LncRNAs are differentially expressed in a contusion SCI mouse model.
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Nivet E. Modifiers of Neural Stem Cells and Aging: Pulling the Trigger of a Neurogenic Decline. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-016-0047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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44
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Abraham KJ, Chan JNY, Salvi JS, Ho B, Hall A, Vidya E, Guo R, Killackey SA, Liu N, Lee JE, Brown GW, Mekhail K. Intersection of calorie restriction and magnesium in the suppression of genome-destabilizing RNA-DNA hybrids. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:8870-8884. [PMID: 27574117 PMCID: PMC5063000 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary calorie restriction is a broadly acting intervention that extends the lifespan of various organisms from yeast to mammals. On another front, magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential biological metal critical to fundamental cellular processes and is commonly used as both a dietary supplement and treatment for some clinical conditions. If connections exist between calorie restriction and Mg2+ is unknown. Here, we show that Mg2+, acting alone or in response to dietary calorie restriction, allows eukaryotic cells to combat genome-destabilizing and lifespan-shortening accumulations of RNA–DNA hybrids, or R-loops. In an R-loop accumulation model of Pbp1-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae, magnesium ions guided by cell membrane Mg2+ transporters Alr1/2 act via Mg2+-sensitive R-loop suppressors Rnh1/201 and Pif1 to restore R-loop suppression, ribosomal DNA stability and cellular lifespan. Similarly, human cells deficient in ATXN2, the human ortholog of Pbp1, exhibit nuclear R-loop accumulations repressible by Mg2+ in a process that is dependent on the TRPM7 Mg2+ transporter and the RNaseH1 R-loop suppressor. Thus, we identify Mg2+ as a biochemical signal of beneficial calorie restriction, reveal an R-loop suppressing function for human ATXN2 and propose that practical magnesium supplementation regimens can be used to combat R-loop accumulation linked to the dysfunction of disease-linked human genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan J Abraham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Janet N Y Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jayesh S Salvi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Brandon Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Amanda Hall
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Elva Vidya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ru Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Samuel A Killackey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nancy Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada Canada Research Chairs Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Grant W Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Karim Mekhail
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada Canada Research Chairs Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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An Intrabody Drug (rAAV6-INT41) Reduces the Binding of N-Terminal Huntingtin Fragment(s) to DNA to Basal Levels in PC12 Cells and Delays Cognitive Loss in the R6/2 Animal Model. JOURNAL OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES 2016; 2016:7120753. [PMID: 27595037 PMCID: PMC4995342 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7120753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal progressive disease linked to expansion of glutamine repeats in the huntingtin protein and characterized by the progressive loss of cognitive and motor function. We show that expression of a mutant human huntingtin exon-1-GFP fusion construct results in nonspecific gene dysregulation that is significantly reduced by 50% due to coexpression of INT41, an intrabody specific for the proline-rich region of the huntingtin protein. Using stable PC12 cell lines expressing either inducible human mutant huntingtin (mHtt, Q73) or normal huntingtin (nHtt, Q23), we investigated the effect of rAAV6-INT41, an adeno-associated virus vector with the INT41 coding sequence, on the subcellular distribution of Htt. Compartmental fractionation 8 days after induction of Htt showed a 6-fold increased association of a dominate N-terminal mHtt fragment with DNA compared to N-terminal nHtt. Transduction with rAAV6-INT41 reduced DNA binding of N-terminal mHtt 6.5-fold in the nucleus and reduced nuclear translocation of the detected fragments. Subsequently, when rAAV6-INT41 is delivered to the striatum in the R6/2 mouse model, treated female mice exhibited executive function statistically indistinguishable from wild type, accompanied by reductions in Htt aggregates in the striatum, suggesting that rAAV6-INT41 is promising as a gene therapy for Huntington's disease.
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Zheng X, Lin C, Li Y, Ye J, Zhou J, Guo P. Long noncoding RNA BDNF-AS regulates ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in neural stem cell derived neurons. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:722-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Karnati HK, Panigrahi MK, Gutti RK, Greig NH, Tamargo IA. miRNAs: Key Players in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Epilepsy. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:563-80. [PMID: 26402105 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, ∼22 nucleotide, non-coding RNA molecules that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNA dysregulation has been observed in cancer and in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the neurological disorder, epilepsy. Neuronal degradation and death are important hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, abnormalities in metabolism, synapsis and axonal transport have been associated with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and frontotemporal dementia. A number of recently published studies have demonstrated the importance of miRNAs in the nervous system and have contributed to the growing body of evidence on miRNA dysregulation in neurological disorders. Knowledge of the expressions and activities of such miRNAs may aid in the development of novel therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the significance of miRNA dysregulation in the development of neurodegenerative disorders and the use of miRNAs as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanuma Kumar Karnati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manas Kumar Panigrahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gutti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian A Tamargo
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
Over the past decade, a growing number of studies have revealed that progressive changes to epigenetic information accompany aging in both dividing and nondividing cells. Functional studies in model organisms and humans indicate that epigenetic changes have a huge influence on the aging process. These epigenetic changes occur at various levels, including reduced bulk levels of the core histones, altered patterns of histone posttranslational modifications and DNA methylation, replacement of canonical histones with histone variants, and altered noncoding RNA expression, during both organismal aging and replicative senescence. The end result of epigenetic changes during aging is altered local accessibility to the genetic material, leading to aberrant gene expression, reactivation of transposable elements, and genomic instability. Strikingly, certain types of epigenetic information can function in a transgenerational manner to influence the life span of the offspring. Several important conclusions emerge from these studies: rather than being genetically predetermined, our life span is largely epigenetically determined; diet and other environmental influences can influence our life span by changing the epigenetic information; and inhibitors of epigenetic enzymes can influence life span of model organisms. These new findings provide better understanding of the mechanisms involved in aging. Given the reversible nature of epigenetic information, these studies highlight exciting avenues for therapeutic intervention in aging and age-associated diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Pal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Genes and Development Graduate Program, University of Texas Graduate School of the Biomedical Sciences at Houston, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jessica K. Tyler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Corresponding author.
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49
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Hall LL, Lawrence JB. RNA as a fundamental component of interphase chromosomes: could repeats prove key? Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 37:137-147. [PMID: 27218204 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Beginning with the precedent of XIST RNA as a 'chromosomal RNA' (cRNA), there is growing interest in the possibility that a diversity of non-coding RNAs may function in chromatin. We review findings which lead us to suggest that RNA is essentially a widespread component of interphase chromosomes. Further, RNA likely contributes to architecture and regulation, with repeat-rich 'junk' RNA in euchromatin (ecRNA) promoting a more open chromatin state. Thousands of low-abundance nuclear RNAs have been reported, however it remains a challenge to determine which of these may function in chromatin. Recent findings indicate that repetitive sequences are enriched in chromosome-associated non-coding RNAs, and repeat-rich RNA shows unusual properties, including localization and stability, with similarities to XIST RNA. We suggest two frontiers in genome biology are emerging and may intersect: the broad contribution of RNA to interphase chromosomes and the distinctive properties of repeat-rich intronic or intergenic junk sequences that may play a role in chromosome structure and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L Hall
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jeanne B Lawrence
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Stylli SS, Adamides AA, Koldej RM, Luwor RB, Ritchie DS, Ziogas J, Kaye AH. miRNA expression profiling of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2016; 126:1131-1139. [PMID: 27128592 DOI: 10.3171/2016.1.jns151454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and therefore play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of extraction and subsequent profiling of miRNA from CSF samples in a pilot population of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients and establish if there is a distinct CSF miRNA signature between patients who develop cerebral vasospasm and those who do not. METHODS CSF samples were taken at various time points during the clinical management of a subset of SAH patients (SAH patient samples without vasospasm, n = 10; SAH patient samples with vasospasm, n = 10). CSF obtained from 4 patients without SAH was also included in the analysis. The miRNA was subsequently isolated and purified and then analyzed on an nCounter instrument using the Human V2 and V3 miRNA assay kits. The data were imported into the nSolver software package for differential miRNA expression analysis. RESULTS From a total of 800 miRNAs that could be detected with each version of the miRNA assay kit, a total of 691 miRNAs were communal to both kits. There were 36 individual miRNAs that were differentially expressed (p < 0.01) based on group analyses, with a number of miRNAs showing significant changes in more than one group analysis. The changes largely reflected differences between non-SAH and SAH groups. These included miR-204-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-337-5p, miR-451a, miR-489, miR-508-3p, miR-514-3p, miR-516-5p, miR-548 m, miR-599, miR-937, miR-1224-3p, and miR-1301. However, a number of miRNAs did exclusively differ between the vasospasm and nonvasospasm SAH groups including miR-27a-3p, miR-516a-5p, miR-566, and miR-1197. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that temporal miRNA profiling can detect differences between CSF from aneurysmal SAH and non-SAH patients. Moreover, the miRNA profile of CSF samples from patients who develop cerebral vasopasm may be distinguishable from those who do not. These results provide a foundation for future research at identifying novel CSF biomarkers that might predispose to the development of cerebral vasospasm after SAH and therefore influence subsequent clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital
| | - Alexios A Adamides
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital
| | - Rachel M Koldej
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, The Department of Research, The Royal Melbourne Hospital; and
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital
| | - David S Ritchie
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, The Department of Research, The Royal Melbourne Hospital; and
| | - James Ziogas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital
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