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Bhat AA, Gupta G, Goyal A, Thapa R, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Kukreti N, Sekar M, Meenakshi DU, Singh SK, MacLoughlin R, Dua K. Unwinding circular RNA's role in inflammatory pulmonary diseases. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2567-2588. [PMID: 37917370 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators of gene expression and cellular processes in various physiological and pathological conditions. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in investigating the role of circRNAs in inflammatory lung diseases, owing to their potential to modulate inflammation-associated pathways and contribute to disease pathogenesis. Inflammatory lung diseases, like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and COVID-19, pose significant global health challenges. The dysregulation of inflammatory responses demonstrates a pivotal function in advancing these diseases. CircRNAs have been identified as important players in regulating inflammation by functioning as miRNA sponges, engaging with RNA-binding proteins, and participating in intricate ceRNA networks. These interactions enable circRNAs to regulate the manifestation of key inflammatory genes and signaling pathways. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that specific circRNAs are differentially expressed in response to inflammatory stimuli and exhibit distinct patterns in various lung diseases. Their involvement in immune cell activation, cytokine production, and tissue remodeling processes underscores their possible capabilities as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. Harnessing the knowledge of circRNA-mediated regulation in inflammatory lung diseases could lead to the development of innovative strategies for disease management and intervention. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of circRNAs in inflammatory lung diseases, focusing on their regulatory mechanisms and functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India
| | - Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Research and Development, Aerogen Limited, IDA Business Park, Galway, Connacht, H91 HE94, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Leinster, D02 YN77, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Leinster, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Chakraborty A, Kim A, AlAbdullatif S, Campbell JD, Alekseyev YO, Kaplan U, Dambal V, Ligresti G, Trojanowska M. Endothelial Erg Regulates Expression of Pulmonary Lymphatic Junctional and Inflammation Genes in Mouse Lungs Impacting Lymphatic Transport. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3808970. [PMID: 38343832 PMCID: PMC10854286 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3808970/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The ETS transcription factor ERG is a master regulator of endothelial gene specificity and highly enriched in the capillary, vein, and arterial endothelial cells. ERG expression is critical for endothelial barrier function, permeability, and vascular inflammation. A dysfunctional vascular endothelial ERG has been shown to impair lung capillary homeostasis, contributing to pulmonary fibrosis as previously observed in IPF lungs. Our preliminary observations indicate that lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) in the human IPF lung also lack ERG. To understand the role of ERG in pulmonary LECs, we developed LEC-specific inducible Erg-CKO and Erg-GFP-CKO conditional knockout (CKO) mice under Prox1 promoter. Whole lung microarray analysis, flow cytometry, and qPCR confirmed an inflammatory and pro-lymphvasculogenic predisposition in Erg-CKO lung. FITC-Dextran tracing analysis showed an increased pulmonary interstitial lymphatic fluid transport from the lung to the axial lymph node. Single-cell transcriptomics confirmed that genes associated with cell junction integrity were downregulated in Erg-CKO pre-collector and collector LECs. Integrating Single-cell transcriptomics and CellChatDB helped identify LEC specific communication pathways contributing to pulmonary inflammation, trans-endothelial migration, inflammation, and Endo-MT in Erg-CKO lung. Our findings suggest that downregulation of lymphatic Erg crucially affects LEC function, LEC permeability, pulmonary LEC communication pathways and lymphatic transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adri Chakraborty
- Arthritis & Autoimmune Diseases Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex Kim
- Arthritis & Autoimmune Diseases Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Salam AlAbdullatif
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuriy O Alekseyev
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulas Kaplan
- Arthritis & Autoimmune Diseases Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vrinda Dambal
- Arthritis & Autoimmune Diseases Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Arthritis & Autoimmune Diseases Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Arthritis & Autoimmune Diseases Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Tee JH, Vijayakumar U, Shanmugasundaram M, Lam TYW, Liao W, Yang Y, Wong WSF, Ge R. Isthmin-1 attenuates allergic Asthma by stimulating adiponectin expression and alveolar macrophage efferocytosis in mice. Respir Res 2023; 24:269. [PMID: 37932719 PMCID: PMC10626717 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a common respiratory disease that significantly impacts human health. Through in silico analysis of human lung RNASeq, we found that asthmatic lungs display lower levels of Isthmin-1 (ISM1) expression than healthy lungs. ISM1 is an endogenous anti-inflammatory protein that is highly expressed in mouse lungs and bronchial epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining lung homeostasis. However, how ISM1 influences asthma remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential involvement of ISM1 in allergic airway inflammation and uncover the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We investigated the pivotal role of ISM1 in airway inflammation using an ISM1 knockout mouse line (ISM1-/-) and challenged them with house dust mite (HDM) extract to induce allergic-like airway/lung inflammation. To examine the impact of ISM1 deficiency, we analyzed the infiltration of immune cells into the lungs and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) using flow cytometry and multiplex ELISA, respectively. Furthermore, we examined the therapeutic potential of ISM1 by administering recombinant ISM1 (rISM1) via the intratracheal route to rescue the effects of ISM1 reduction in HDM-challenged mice. RNA-Seq, western blot, and fluorescence microscopy techniques were subsequently used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS ISM1-/- mice showed a pronounced worsening of allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness upon HDM challenge. The heightened inflammation in ISM1-/- mice correlated with enhanced lung cell necroptosis, as indicated by higher pMLKL expression. Intratracheal delivery of rISM1 significantly reduced the number of eosinophils in BALF and goblet cell hyperplasia. Mechanistically, ISM1 stimulates adiponectin secretion by type 2 alveolar epithelial cells partially through the GRP78 receptor and enhances adiponectin-facilitated apoptotic cell clearance via alveolar macrophage efferocytosis. Reduced adiponectin expression under ISM1 deficiency also contributed to intensified necroptosis, prolonged inflammation, and heightened severity of airway hyperresponsiveness. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed for the first time that ISM1 functions to restrain airway hyperresponsiveness to HDM-triggered allergic-like airway/lung inflammation in mice, consistent with its persistent downregulation in human asthma. Direct administration of rISM1 into the airway alleviates airway inflammation and promotes immune cell clearance, likely by stimulating airway adiponectin production. These findings suggest that ISM1 has therapeutic potential for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Huat Tee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Udhaya Vijayakumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Mahalakshmi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Terence Y W Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wupeng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 138602, Singapore.
- Drug Discovery and Optimization Platform, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Moon HG, Kim SJ, Kim KH, Kim YM, Rehman J, Lee H, Wu YC, Lee SSY, Christman JW, Ackerman SJ, Kim M, You S, Park GY. CX 3CR 1+ Macrophage Facilitates the Resolution of Allergic Lung Inflammation via Interacting CCL26. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:1451-1463. [PMID: 36790376 PMCID: PMC10263139 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202209-1670oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The resolution of inflammation is an active process coordinated by mediators and immune cells to restore tissue homeostasis. However, the mechanisms for resolving eosinophilic allergic lung inflammation triggered by inhaled allergens have not been fully elucidated. Objectives: Our objectives were to investigate the cellular mechanism of tissue-resident macrophages involved in the resolution process of eosinophilic lung inflammation. Methods: For the study, we used the institutional review board-approved protocol for human subsegmental bronchoprovocation with allergen, mouse models for allergic lung inflammation, and novel transgenic mice, including a conditional CCL26 knockout. The samples were analyzed using mass cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing, and biophysical and immunological analyses. Measurements and Main Results: We compared alveolar macrophage (AM) subsets in the BAL before and after allergen provocation. In response to provocation with inhaled allergens, the subsets of AMs are dynamically changed in humans and mice. In the steady state, the AM subset expressing CX3CR1 is a relatively small fraction in bronchoalveolar space and lung tissue but drastically increases after allergen challenges. This subset presents unique patterns of gene expression compared with classical AMs, expressing high C1q family genes. CX3CR1+ macrophages are activated by airway epithelial cell-derived CCL26 via a receptor-ligand interaction. The binding of CCL26 to the CX3CR1+ receptor induces CX3CR1+ macrophages to secrete C1q, subsequently facilitating the clearance of eosinophils. Furthermore, the depletion of CX3CR1 macrophages or CCL26 in airway epithelial cells delays the resolution of allergic lung inflammation displaying prolonged tissue eosinophilia. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the CCL26-CX3CR1 pathway is pivotal in resolving eosinophilic allergic lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Geun Moon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine
| | - Seung-jae Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Center for Biomolecular Sciences
| | | | | | - John W. Christman
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven J. Ackerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Departments of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Sungyoung You
- Departments of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Gye Young Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Huang Q, Weng D, Yao S, Shen H, Gao S, Zhang Y, Huang W, Wang Y, Wang H, Xu W. Progranulin deficiency suppresses allergic asthma and enhances efferocytosis via PPAR-γ/MFG-E8 regulation in macrophages. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e779. [PMID: 36840485 PMCID: PMC9910167 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis can resolve airway inflammation and enhance airway tolerance in allergic asthma. While previous work has reported that progranulin (PGRN) regulated macrophage efferocytosis, but it is unclear whether PGRN-mediated efferocytosis is associated with asthma. Here, we found that in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma model, the airway inflammation was suppressed and the apoptosis in lung tissues was ameliorated in PGRN-deficient mice. In contrast, PGRN knockdown in human bronchial epithelial cells increased apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, PGRN-deficient macrophages had significantly stronger efferocytosis ability than wild type (WT) macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. PGRN-deficient peritoneal macrophages (PMs) exhibited increased expression of genes associated with efferocytosis including milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and increased capacity to produce the anti-inflammatory mediator interleukin (IL)-10 during efferocytosis. GW9662, the inhibitor of PPAR-γ, abolished increased efferocytosis and MFG-E8 expression in PGRN-deficient PMs suggesting that PGRN deficiency enhanced MFG-E8-mediated efferocytosis through PPAR-γ. Correspondingly, efferocytosis genes were increased in the lungs of OVA-induced PGRN-deficient mice. GW9662 treatment reduced MFG-E8 expression but did not significantly affect airway inflammation. Our results demonstrated that PGRN deficiency enhanced efferocytosis via the PPAR-γ/MFG-E8 pathway and this may be one of the reasons PGRN deficiency results in inhibition of airway inflammation in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Danlin Weng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shifei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hailan Shen
- Department of laboratory medicineThe first affiliated hospital of Chongqing medical universityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wenchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
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Xiao S, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Yang D. Ketamine Attenuates Airway Inflammation via Inducing Inflammatory Cells Apoptosis and Activating Nrf2 Pathway in a Mixed-Granulocytic Murine Asthma Model. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:4411-4428. [PMID: 36597444 PMCID: PMC9805722 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s391010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The use of ketamine, an anesthetic, as a treatment for asthma has been investigated in numerous studies. However, how ketamine affects asthma is unclear. The present study examined the effects of ketamine on a murine model of mixed-granulocytic asthma, and the role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Methods The murine model of mixed-granulocytic asthma was established using ovalbumin (OVA) for sensitization and the combination of OVA and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for challenge. The main characteristics of asthma, oxidative stress biomarkers, and the expression of the Nrf2 pathway were examined. ML385 was administered to verify the role of the Nrf2 pathway. Results Mice in the OVA +LPS group developed asthmatic characteristics, including airway hyperresponsiveness, mixed-granulocytic airway inflammation, mucus overproduction, as well as increased levels of oxidative stress and impaired apoptosis of inflammatory cells. Among the three concentrations, ketamine at 75mg/kg effectively attenuated these asthmatic symptoms, activated the Nrf2 pathway, decreased oxidative stress, and induced apoptosis of eosinophils and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) with a reducing level of myeloid cell leukemia 1(Mcl-1). ML385 (an Nrf2 inhibitor) eliminated the protective effects of ketamine on the mixed-granulocytic asthma model. Conclusion The study concluded that ketamine reduced oxidative stress and attenuated asthmatic symptoms (neutrophilic airway inflammation) by activating the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, with 75 mg/kg ketamine showing the best results. Ketamine administration also increased neutrophil and eosinophil apoptosis in BALF, which may contribute to the resolution of inflammation. The use of ketamine as a treatment for asthma may therefore be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Dong Yang, Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100144, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13661267522, Email
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7
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Tajbakhsh A, Gheibihayat SM, Askari H, Savardashtaki A, Pirro M, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Statin-regulated phagocytosis and efferocytosis in physiological and pathological conditions. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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8
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Differential effects of short- and long-term treatment with mepolizumab on eosinophil kinetics in blood and sputum in eosinophilic asthma. iScience 2021; 24:102913. [PMID: 34409272 PMCID: PMC8361259 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mepolizumab (anti-IL-5) is a successful biological for treatment of T2/eosinophilic asthma by blocking the IL-5-eosinophil axis. The kinetics of human eosinophils in blood and sputum was determined to better understand the underlying mechanism(s). Pulse-chase labeling was performed with 6,6-2H2-glucose in patients with asthma after short term (4 days) and long term (84 days) treatment with mepolizumab (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10). The retention time of eosinophils in sputum was longer than in blood. Treatment with mepolizumab induced a fast and long-lasting eosinopenia with no reduction of eosinophil progenitors. The retention time of eosinophils in blood was delayed only after short-term treatment. This leads to the hypothesis that IL-5 increases the number of IL-5-responsive progenitors and potentiates homing to the tissues, leading to reactive eosinophilia. Long-term treatment is associated with low numbers of IL-5-independent eosinophils in blood and tissues. Therefore, long-term treatment with mepolizumab restores the kinetics of eosinophils as normally found in homeostasis. Anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab) treatment leads to inhibition of reactive eosinophilia Reactive blood eosinophils have a high retention time in the absence of IL-5 Eosinophils are long lived in the sputum of eosinophil asthmatics Anti-IL-5 reduces proliferating progenitors rather than inhibiting differentiation
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9
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Felton JM, Vallabh S, Parameswaran S, Edsall LE, Ernst K, Wronowski B, Malik A, Kotliar M, Weirauch MT, Barski A, Fulkerson PC, Rothenberg ME. Epigenetic Analysis of the Chromatin Landscape Identifies a Repertoire of Murine Eosinophil-Specific PU.1-Bound Enhancers. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1044-1054. [PMID: 34330753 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils develop in the bone marrow from hematopoietic progenitors into mature cells capable of a plethora of immunomodulatory roles via the choreographed process of eosinophilopoiesis. However, the gene regulatory elements and transcription factors (TFs) orchestrating this process remain largely unknown. The potency and resulting diversity fundamental to an eosinophil's complex immunomodulatory functions and tissue specialization likely result from dynamic epigenetic regulation of the eosinophil genome, a dynamic eosinophil regulome. In this study, we applied a global approach using broad-range, next-generation sequencing to identify a repertoire of eosinophil-specific enhancers. We identified over 8200 active enhancers located within 1-20 kB of expressed eosinophil genes. TF binding motif analysis revealed PU.1 (Spi1) motif enrichment in eosinophil enhancers, and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with massively parallel sequencing confirmed PU.1 binding in likely enhancers of genes highly expressed in eosinophils. A substantial proportion (>25%) of these PU.1-bound enhancers were unique to murine, culture-derived eosinophils when compared among enhancers of highly expressed genes of three closely related myeloid cell subsets (macrophages, neutrophils, and immature granulocytes). Gene ontology analysis of eosinophil-specific, PU.1-bound enhancers revealed enrichment for genes involved in migration, proliferation, degranulation, and survival. Furthermore, eosinophil-specific superenhancers were enriched in genes whose homologs are associated with risk loci for eosinophilia and allergic diseases. Our collective data identify eosinophil-specific enhancers regulating key eosinophil genes through epigenetic mechanisms (H3K27 acetylation) and TF binding (PU.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Felton
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sushmitha Vallabh
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sreeja Parameswaran
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Lee E Edsall
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kevin Ernst
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Benjamin Wronowski
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Astha Malik
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Michael Kotliar
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; and
| | - Artem Barski
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Patricia C Fulkerson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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10
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Baker JR, Donnelly LE. Leukocyte Function in COPD: Clinical Relevance and Potential for Drug Therapy. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:2227-2242. [PMID: 34354348 PMCID: PMC8331105 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s266394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition affecting 10% of the global population over 45 years. Currently, there are no disease-modifying treatments, with current therapies treating only the symptoms of the disease. COPD is an inflammatory disease, with a high infiltration of leukocytes being found within the lung of COPD patients. These leukocytes, if not kept in check, damage the lung, leading to the pathophysiology associated with the disease. In this review, we focus on the main leukocytes found within the COPD lung, describing how the release of chemokines from the damaged epithelial lining recruits these cells into the lung. Once present, these cells become active and may be driven towards a more pro-inflammatory phenotype. These cells release their own subtypes of inflammatory mediators, growth factors and proteases which can all lead to airway remodeling, mucus hypersecretion and emphysema. Finally, we describe some of the current therapies and potential new targets that could be utilized to target aberrant leukocyte function in the COPD lung. Here, we focus on old therapies such as statins and corticosteroids, but also look at the emerging field of biologics describing those which have been tested in COPD already and potential new monoclonal antibodies which are under review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Baker
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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11
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Miyabe Y, Kobayashi Y, Fukuchi M, Saga A, Moritoki Y, Saga T, Akuthota P, Ueki S. Eosinophil-mediated inflammation in the absence of eosinophilia. Asia Pac Allergy 2021; 11:e30. [PMID: 34386406 PMCID: PMC8331253 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2021.11.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of eosinophil levels is a hallmark of type-2 inflammation. Blood eosinophil counts act as a convenient biomarker for asthma phenotyping and the selection of biologics, and they are even used as a prognostic factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019. However, the circulating eosinophil count does not always reflect tissue eosinophilia and vice versa. The mismatch of blood and tissue eosinophilia can be seen in various clinical settings. For example, blood eosinophil levels in patients with acute eosinophilic pneumonia are often within normal range despite the marked symptoms and increased number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histological studies using immunostaining for eosinophil granule proteins have revealed the extracellular deposition of granule proteins coincident with pathological conditions, even in the absence of a significant eosinophil infiltrate. The marked deposition of eosinophil granule proteins in tissue is often associated with cytolytic degranulation. Recent studies have indicated that extracellular trap cell death (ETosis) is a major mechanism of cytolysis. Cytolytic ETosis is a total cell degranulation in which cytoplasmic and nuclear contents, including DNA and histones that act as alarmins, are also released. In the present review, eosinophil-mediated inflammation in such mismatch conditions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Miyabe
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kobayashi
- Airway Disease Section, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.,Allergy Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Mineyo Fukuchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Akiko Saga
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yuki Moritoki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Tomoo Saga
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Praveen Akuthota
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shigeharu Ueki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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12
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Gregório JF, Rodrigues-Machado MDG, Santos RAS, Carvalho Ribeiro IA, Nunes OM, Aguiar Oliveira IF, Vasconcelos AV, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Magalhães GS. ASTHMA: ROLE OF THE ANGIOTENSIN-(1-7)/MAS PATHWAY IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND THERAPY. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4428-4439. [PMID: 34235725 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of asthma is a global health problem, requiring studies aimed at developing new treatments to improve clinical management, thereby reducing personal and economic burdens on the health system. Therefore, the discovery of mediators that promote anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive events are highly desirable to improve lung function and quality of life in asthmatic patients. In that regard, experimental studies have shown that the Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a potential candidate for the treatment of asthma. Therefore, we reviewed findings related to the function of the Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas pathway in regulating the processes associated with inflammation and exacerbations in asthma, including leukocyte influx, fibrogenesis, pulmonary dysfunction and resolution of inflammation. Thus, knowledge of the role of the Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas can help pave the way for the development of new treatments for this disease with high morbidity and mortality through new experimental and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Fabiana Gregório
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology - INCT-Nanobiopharmaceutical, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | | | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology - INCT-Nanobiopharmaceutical, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | | | - Olivia Mendonça Nunes
- Medical Sciences Faculty of Minas Gerais, Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Victoria Vasconcelos
- Medical Sciences Faculty of Minas Gerais, Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria José Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology - INCT-Nanobiopharmaceutical, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | - Giselle Santos Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology - INCT-Nanobiopharmaceutical, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais.,Medical Sciences Faculty of Minas Gerais, Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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13
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Gachanja NN, Dorward DA, Rossi AG, Lucas CD. Assays of Eosinophil Apoptosis and Phagocytic Uptake. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2241:113-132. [PMID: 33486732 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1095-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophil apoptosis (programmed cell death) plays an important role in several inflammatory and allergic conditions. Apoptosis triggers various mechanisms including activation of cysteine-aspartic proteases (caspases) and is characterized by morphological and biochemical changes. These include cellular condensation, nuclear fragmentation, increased mitochondrial permeability with loss of membrane potential, and exposure of phosphatidylserine on the cell membrane. A greater understanding of apoptotic mechanisms, subsequent phagocytosis (efferocytosis), and regulation of these processes is critical to understanding disease pathogenesis and development of potential novel therapeutic agents. Release of soluble factors and alterations to surface marker expression by eosinophils undergoing apoptosis aid them in signaling their presence to the immediate environment, and their subsequent recognition by phagocytic cells such as macrophages. Uptake of apoptotic cells usually suppresses inflammation by restricting proinflammatory responses and promoting anti-inflammatory and tissue repair responses. This, in turn, promotes resolution of inflammation. Defects in the apoptotic or efferocytosis mechanisms perpetuate inflammation, resulting in chronic inflammation and enhanced disease severity. This can be due to increased eosinophil life span or cell necrosis characterized by loss of cell membrane integrity and release of toxic intracellular mediators. In this chapter, we detail some of the key assays that are used to assess eosinophil apoptosis, as well as the intracellular signaling pathways involved and phagocytic clearance of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi N Gachanja
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Dorward
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Christopher D Lucas
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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14
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Magalhães GS, Gregório JF, Cançado Ribeiro ATP, Baroni IF, Vasconcellos AVDO, Nakashima GP, Oliveira IFA, de Matos NA, Castro TDF, Bezerra FS, Sinisterra RD, Pinho V, Teixeira MM, Santos RAS, Rodrigues-Machado MG, Campagnole-Santos MJ. Oral Formulation of Angiotensin-(1-7) Promotes Therapeutic Actions in a Model of Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:557962. [PMID: 33762930 PMCID: PMC7982577 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.557962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of eosinophils and neutrophils in the lungs of asthmatic patients is associated with the severity of the disease and resistance to corticosteroids. Thus, defective resolution of eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation is importantly related to exacerbation of asthma. In this study, we investigated a therapeutic action of angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) in a model of asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Balb-c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA. Twenty-three hours after the last OVA challenge, experimental groups received LPS, and 1 h and 7 h later, mice were treated with oral formulation of Ang-(1-7). On the next day, 45 h after the last challenge with OVA, mice were subjected to a test of motor and exploratory behavior; 3 h later, lung function was evaluated, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were collected. Motor and exploratory activities were lower in OVA + LPS-challenged mice. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) improved these behaviors, normalized lung function, and reduced eosinophil, neutrophil, myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophilic peroxidase (EPO), and ERK1/2 phosphorylation (p-ERK1/2) in the lungs. In addition, Ang-(1-7) decreased the deposition of mucus and extracellular matrix in the airways. These results extended those of previous studies by demonstrating that oral administration of Ang-(1-7) at the peak of pulmonary inflammation can be valuable for the treatment of neutrophil- and eosinophil-mediated asthma. Therefore, these findings potentially provide a new drug to reverse the natural history of the disease, unlike the current standards of care that manage the disease symptoms at best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Santos Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Faculty of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fabiana Gregório
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Isis Felippe Baroni
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Faculty of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Natália Alves de Matos
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ruben D Sinisterra
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Maria José Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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15
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Zustakova M, Kratochvilova L, Slama P. Apoptosis of Eosinophil Granulocytes. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120457. [PMID: 33321726 PMCID: PMC7763668 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Eosinophil granulocytes (eosinophils) belong to the family of white blood cells that play important roles in the development of asthma and various types of allergy. Eosinophils are cells with a diameter of 12–17 µm and they originate from myeloid precursors. They were discovered by Paul Ehrlich in 1879 in the process of staining fixed blood smears with aniline dyes. Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is the process by which cells lose their functionality. Therefore, it is very important to study the apoptosis of eosinophils and their survival factors to understand how to develop new drugs based on the modulation of eosinophil apoptosis for the treatment of asthma and allergic diseases. Abstract In the past 10 years, the number of people in the Czech Republic with allergies has doubled to over three million. Allergic pollen catarrh, constitutional dermatitis and asthma are the allergic disorders most often diagnosed. Genuine food allergies today affect 6–8% of nursing infants, 3–5% of small children, and 2–4% of adults. These disorders are connected with eosinophil granulocytes and their apoptosis. Eosinophil granulocytes are postmitotic leukocytes containing a number of histotoxic substances that contribute to the initiation and continuation of allergic inflammatory reactions. Eosinophilia results from the disruption of the standard half-life of eosinophils by the expression of mechanisms that block the apoptosis of eosinophils, leading to the development of chronic inflammation. Glucocorticoids are used as a strong acting anti-inflammatory medicine in the treatment of hypereosinophilia. The removal of eosinophils by the mechanism of apoptosis is the effect of this process. This work sums up the contemporary knowledge concerning the apoptosis of eosinophils, its role in the aforementioned disorders, and the indications for the use of glucocorticoids in their related therapies.
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16
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Zhu X, Wei Y, Dong J. Long Noncoding RNAs in the Regulation of Asthma: Current Research and Clinical Implications. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:532849. [PMID: 33013382 PMCID: PMC7516195 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.532849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disorder related to variable expiratory airflow limitation, leading to wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough. Its characteristic features include airway inflammation, airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness. The pathogenesis of asthma remains extremely complicated and the detailed mechanisms are not clarified. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play a prominent role in asthma and function as modulators of various aspects in pathological progress of asthma. Here, we summarize recent advances of lncRNAs in asthma pathogenesis to guide future researches, clinical treatment and drug development, including their regulatory functions in the T helper (Th) 1/Th2 imbalance, Th17/T regulatory (Treg) imbalance, eosinophils dysfunction, macrophage polarization, airway smooth muscle cells proliferation, and glucocorticoid insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Magalhães GS, Gregório JF, Ramos KE, Cançado-Ribeiro ATP, Baroni IF, Barcelos LS, Pinho V, Teixeira MM, Santos RAS, Rodrigues-Machado MG, Campagnole-Santos MJ. Treatment with inhaled formulation of angiotensin-(1-7) reverses inflammation and pulmonary remodeling in a model of chronic asthma. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151957. [PMID: 32517880 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by inflammation, pulmonary remodeling and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. We have previously shown that treatment with angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] promotes resolution of eosinophilic inflammation and prevents chronic allergic lung inflammation. Here, we evaluated the effect of treatment with the inclusion compound of Ang-(1-7) in hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) given by inhalation on pulmonary remodeling in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced chronic allergic lung inflammation. Mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA; 4 injections over 42 days, 14 days apart) and were challenged 3 times per week, for 4 weeks (days 21-46). After the 2nd week of challenge, mice were treated with Ang-(1-7) by inhalation (4.5 μg of Ang-(1-7) included in 6.9 μg of HPβCD for 14 days, i.e. days 35-48). Mice were killed 72 h after the last challenge and blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were collected. Histology and morphometric analysis were performed in the lung. Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-12 expression and activity, IL-5, CCL11 in the lung and plasma IgE were measured. After 2 weeks of OVA challenge there was an increase in plasma IgE and in inflammatory cells infiltration in the lung of asthmatic mice. Treatment with inhaled administration of Ang-(1-7)/HPβCD for 14 days reduced eosinophils, IL5, CCL11 in the lung and plasma IgE. Treatment of asthmatic mice with Ang-(1-7)/HPβCD by inhalation reversed pulmonary remodeling by reducing collagen deposition and MMP-9 and MMP-12 expression and activity. These results show for the first time that treatment by inhalation with Ang-(1-7) can reverse an installed asthma, inhibiting pulmonary inflammation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Santos Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fabiana Gregório
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kezia Emanoeli Ramos
- Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Isis Felippe Baroni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucíola Silva Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Jose Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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18
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Felton JM, Dorward DA, Cartwright JA, Potey PM, Robb CT, Gui J, Craig RW, Schwarze J, Haslett C, Duffin R, Dransfield I, Lucas CD, Rossi AG. Mcl-1 protects eosinophils from apoptosis and exacerbates allergic airway inflammation. Thorax 2020; 75:600-605. [PMID: 32303624 PMCID: PMC7361019 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are key effector cells in allergic diseases. Here we investigated Mcl-1 (an anti-apoptotic protein) in experimental allergic airway inflammation using transgenic overexpressing human Mcl-1 mice (hMcl-1) and reducing Mcl-1 by a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Overexpression of Mcl-1 exacerbated allergic airway inflammation, with increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cellularity, eosinophil numbers and total protein, and an increase in airway mucus production. Eosinophil apoptosis was suppressed by Mcl-1 overexpression, with this resistance to apoptosis attenuated by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition which also rescued Mcl-1-exacerbated allergic airway inflammation. We propose that targeting Mcl-1 may be beneficial in treatment of allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Felton
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David A Dorward
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Jennifer A Cartwright
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Philippe Md Potey
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Calum T Robb
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Jingang Gui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Ruth W Craig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Christopher Haslett
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Rodger Duffin
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Ian Dransfield
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Christopher D Lucas
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
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19
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Belchamber KBR, Donnelly LE. Targeting defective pulmonary innate immunity - A new therapeutic option? Pharmacol Ther 2020; 209:107500. [PMID: 32061706 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary conditions now account for 1 in 15 deaths in the US and mortality is increasing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is due to become the 3rd largest cause of mortality by 2030 and mortality from other respiratory conditions such as asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cystic fibrosis are not reducing. There is an urgent need for novel therapies to address this problem as many of the current strategies targeting inflammation are not sufficient. The innate immune system of the lung is an important defence against invading pathogens, but in many chronic pulmonary diseases, this system mounts an inappropriate response. In COPD, macrophages are increased in number, but fail to clear pathogens correctly and become highly activated. This leads to increased damage and remodelling of the airways. In idiopathic fibrosis, there is a switch of macrophage phenotype to a cell that promotes abnormal repair. Neutrophils also display dysfunction in COPD where aberrant migratory profiles may lead to increased damage to lung tissue and emphysema; while in cystic fibrosis the proteolytic lung environment damages neutrophil receptors leading to ineffective phagocytosis and migration. Targeting the innate immune system to restore 'normal function' could have enormous benefits. Improving phagocytosis of pathogens could reduce exacerbations and hence the associated decline in lung function, and novel therapeutics such as sulforaphane appear to do this in vitro. Other natural products such as resveratrol and derivatives also have anti-inflammatory properties. Statins have traditionally been used to manage cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolaemia, however these molecules also have beneficial effects on the innate immune cells. Statins have been shown to be anti-inflammatory and restore aberrant neutrophil chemotaxis in aged cells. Other possible agents that may be efficacious are senolytics. These compounds include natural products such as quercetin which have anti-inflammatory properties but can also suppress viral replication. As viruses have been shown to suppress phagocytosis of macrophages, it is possible that these compounds could have benefit during viral exacerbations to protect this innate response. These compounds demonstrate that it is possible to address defective innate responses in the lung but a better understanding of the mechanisms driving defective innate immunity in pulmonary disease may lead to improved therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie B R Belchamber
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK.
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20
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Lee HY, Lee GH, Kim HR, Lee YC, Chae HJ. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-δ controls endoplasmic reticulum membrane fluidity and permeability in fungus-induced allergic inflammation in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1556-1567. [PMID: 31713846 PMCID: PMC7060358 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), especially PI3K‐δ, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play important roles in refractory asthma induced by the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus through mechanisms that are not well understood. Here we have investigated these mechanisms, using BEAS‐2B human bronchial epithelial cells and a mouse model of A. fumigatus‐induced allergic lung inflammation. Experimental Approach A selective PI3K‐δ inhibitor, IC87114, and an ER folding chaperone, 4‐phenylbutyric acid (4‐PBA), were applied to a model of A. fumigatus‐induced asthma in female C57BL/6 mice. The therapeutic potential of IC87114 and 4‐PBA was assessed in relevant primary cell, tissue, and disease models, using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and assessment of ER redox state and membrane fluidity. Key Results Treatment with IC87114 or 4‐PBA alleviated pulmonary inflammation and airway remodelling and reduced ER stress and inflammation‐associated intra‐ER hyperoxidation, disrupting protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) chaperone activity. IC87114 and 4‐PBA also reversed changes in ER membrane fluidity and permeability and the resultant mitochondrial hyperactivation (i.e., Ca2+ accumulation) under hyperoxidation, thereby restoring the physiological state of the ER and mitochondria. These compounds also abolished mitochondria‐associated ER membrane (MAM) formation caused by the physical contact between these subcellular organelles. Conclusion and Implications PI3K‐δ and ER stress mediate A. fumigatus‐induced allergic lung inflammation by altering the ER redox state, PDI chaperone function, and ER membrane fluidity and permeability and by amplifying ER signalling to mitochondria through MAM formation. Thus, therapeutic strategies that target the PI3K‐δ–ER stress axis could be an effective treatment for allergic asthma caused by fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Hwa Lee
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- College of Dentistry, Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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21
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Hiemstra PS, Sterk PJ. Translation of in vitro findings to patients with asthma: a timely and compelling challenge. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:54/4/1901759. [PMID: 31601723 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01759-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter S Hiemstra
- Dept of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Sterk
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Perez DA, Galvão I, Athayde RM, Rezende BM, Vago JP, Silva JD, Reis AC, Ribeiro LS, Gomes JHS, Pádua RM, Braga FC, Sousa LP, Teixeira MM, Pinho V. Inhibition of the sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway promotes the resolution of neutrophilic inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1038-1051. [PMID: 30939218 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an important sphingolipid derived from plasma membrane and has a known role in productive phase of inflammation, but its role in neutrophil survival and resolution phase of inflammation is unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of inhibition of S1P receptors and the blockade of S1P synthesis in BALB/c mice and human neutrophils. S1P and S1PR1-3 receptors expression were increased in cells from the pleural cavity stimulated with LPS. Using different antagonists of S1PRs and inhibitors of different steps of the metabolic pathway of S1P production, we show that S1P and its receptors are involved in regulating neutrophil survival and resolution of inflammation in the pleural cavity. Given the role of the S1P-S1PR axis in resolution of inflammation, we sought to identify whether blockade at different levels of the sphingosine-1-phosphate synthesis pathway could affect neutrophil survival in vitro. Inhibitors of the S1P pathway were also able to induce human neutrophil apoptosis. In addition, blockade of S1P synthesis or its receptor facilitated the efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophil. Taken together, our data demonstrate a fundamental role for S1P in regulating the outcome of inflammatory responses, and position S1P-S1PR axis as a potential target for treatment of neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise A Perez
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Izabela Galvão
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rayssa M Athayde
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Barbara M Rezende
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Vago
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Julia D Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alesandra C Reis
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Ribeiro
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José H S Gomes
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Pádua
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernão C Braga
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Menzella F, Biava M, Bagnasco D, Galeone C, Simonazzi A, Ruggiero P, Facciolongo N. Efficacy and steroid-sparing effect of benralizumab: has it an advantage over its competitors? Drugs Context 2019; 8:212580. [PMID: 31024635 PMCID: PMC6469746 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe refractory asthma is characterized by a higher risk of asthma-related symptoms, morbidities, and exacerbations. This disease also determines much greater healthcare costs and deterioration in health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Another concern, which is currently much discussed, is the high percentage of patients needing regular use of oral corticosteroids (OCS), which can lead to several systemic side effects. Airway eosinophilia is present in the majority of asthmatic patients, and elevated levels of blood and sputum eosinophils are associated with worse control of asthma. Regarding severe refractory eosinophilic asthma, interleukin-5 (IL-5) plays a fundamental role in the inflammatory response, due to the profound effect on eosinophils biology. The advent of the biological therapies provided an effective strategy, even if the increased number of molecules with different targets raised the challenge of choosing the right therapy and avoid overlapping. When considering severe refractory eosinophilic asthma and anti-IL-5 treatments, it is not easy to define which drug to choose between mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab. In this article, we carried out an indirect comparison among literature data, especially between OCS reduction studies (ZONDA-SIRIUS) and pivotal studies (SIROCCO-MENSA), evaluating whether the clinical efficacy and the steroid-sparing effect of benralizumab may represent an advantage over other compounds. This data could help the clinician in the decision process of treatment choice, within the different available therapeutic options for eosinophilic refractory severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Menzella
- Department of Medical Specialties, Pneumology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL di Reggio Emilia- IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Diego Bagnasco
- Allergy & Respiratory Diseases, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carla Galeone
- Department of Medical Specialties, Pneumology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL di Reggio Emilia- IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Anna Simonazzi
- Department of Medical Specialties, Pneumology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL di Reggio Emilia- IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ruggiero
- Department of Medical Specialties, Pneumology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL di Reggio Emilia- IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Nicola Facciolongo
- Department of Medical Specialties, Pneumology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL di Reggio Emilia- IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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24
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Cartwright JA, Lucas CD, Rossi AG. Inflammation Resolution and the Induction of Granulocyte Apoptosis by Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Drugs. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:55. [PMID: 30886578 PMCID: PMC6389705 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a necessary dynamic tissue response to injury or infection and it's resolution is essential to return tissue homeostasis and function. Defective or dysregulated inflammation resolution contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of many, often common and challenging to treat human conditions. The transition of inflammation to resolution is an active process, involving the clearance of inflammatory cells (granulocytes), a change of mediators and their receptors, and prevention of further inflammatory cell infiltration. This review focuses on the use of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor drugs to pharmacologically target this inflammatory resolution switch, specifically through inducing granulocyte apoptosis and phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis). The key processes and pathways required for granulocyte apoptosis, recruitment of phagocytes and mechanisms of engulfment are discussed along with the cumulating evidence for cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor drugs as pro-resolution therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Cartwright
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D. Lucas
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano G. Rossi
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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25
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Samitas K, Carter A, Kariyawasam HH, Xanthou G. Upper and lower airway remodelling mechanisms in asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis: The one airway concept revisited. Allergy 2018; 73:993-1002. [PMID: 29197105 DOI: 10.1111/all.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma often co-exist. The one airway model proposes that disease mechanisms occurring in the upper airway may mirror lower airway events. Airway remodelling is the term used to describe tissue structural changes that occur in a disease setting and reflect the dynamic process of tissue restructuring during wound repair. Remodelling has been long identified in the lower airways in asthma and is characterized by epithelial shedding, goblet cell hyperplasia, basement membrane thickening, subepithelial fibrosis, airway smooth muscle hyperplasia and increased angiogenesis. The concept of upper airway remodelling has only recently been introduced, and data so far are limited and often conflicting, an indication that more detailed studies are needed. Whilst remodelling changes in AR are limited, CRS phenotypes demonstrate epithelial hyperplasia, increased matrix deposition and degradation along with accumulation of plasma proteins. Despite extensive research over the past years, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in airway remodelling remain incompletely defined. This review describes our current rather limited understanding of airway remodelling processes in AR, CRS and asthma and presents mechanisms both shared and distinct between the upper and lower airways. Delineation of shared and disease-specific pathogenic mechanisms of remodelling between the sinonasal system and the lung may guide the rational design of more effective therapeutic strategies targeting upper and lower airways concomitantly and improving the health of individuals with inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Samitas
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory; Division of Cell Biology; Centre for Basic Research; Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA); Athens Greece
| | - A. Carter
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Medical Rhinology; Royal National Throat Nose Ear Hospital; London UK
| | - H. H. Kariyawasam
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Medical Rhinology; Royal National Throat Nose Ear Hospital; London UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; University College London Hospital and University College London; London UK
| | - G. Xanthou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory; Division of Cell Biology; Centre for Basic Research; Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA); Athens Greece
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26
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Felton JM, Lucas CD, Dorward DA, Duffin R, Kipari T, Vermeren S, Robb CT, MacLeod KG, Serrels B, Schwarze J, Haslett C, Dransfield I, Rossi AG. Mer-mediated eosinophil efferocytosis regulates resolution of allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1884-1893.e6. [PMID: 29428392 PMCID: PMC6281028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Eosinophils play a central role in propagation of allergic diseases, including asthma. Both recruitment and retention of eosinophils regulate pulmonary eosinophilia, but the question of whether alterations in apoptotic cell clearance by phagocytes contributes directly to resolution of allergic airway inflammation remains unexplored. Objectives In this study we investigated the role of the receptor tyrosine kinase Mer in mediating apoptotic eosinophil clearance and allergic airway inflammation resolution in vivo to establish whether apoptotic cell clearance directly affects the resolution of allergic airway inflammation. Methods Alveolar and bone marrow macrophages were used to study Mer-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic eosinophils. Allergic airway inflammation resolution was modeled in mice by using ovalbumin. Fluorescently labeled apoptotic cells were administered intratracheally or eosinophil apoptosis was driven by administration of dexamethasone to determine apoptotic cell clearance in vivo. Results Inhibition or absence of Mer impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic human and mouse eosinophils by macrophages. Mer-deficient mice showed delayed resolution of ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation, together with increased airway responsiveness to aerosolized methacholine, increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein levels, altered cytokine production, and an excess of uncleared dying eosinophils after dexamethasone treatment. Alveolar macrophage phagocytosis was significantly Mer dependent, with the absence of Mer attenuating apoptotic cell clearance in vivo to enhance inflammation in response to apoptotic cells. Conclusions We demonstrate that Mer-mediated apoptotic cell clearance by phagocytes contributes to resolution of allergic airway inflammation, suggesting that augmenting apoptotic cell clearance is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Felton
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Lucas
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - David A Dorward
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rodger Duffin
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tiina Kipari
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja Vermeren
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Calum T Robb
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth G MacLeod
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Serrels
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Haslett
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Dransfield
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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27
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Magalhaes GS, Barroso LC, Reis AC, Rodrigues-Machado MG, Gregório JF, Motta-Santos D, Oliveira AC, Perez DA, Barcelos LS, Teixeira MM, Santos RAS, Pinho V, Campagnole-Santos MJ. Angiotensin-(1-7) Promotes Resolution of Eosinophilic Inflammation in an Experimental Model of Asthma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:58. [PMID: 29434591 PMCID: PMC5797293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective apoptosis of eosinophils, the main leukocyte in the pathogenesis of asthma, and delay in its removal lead to lung damage and loss of pulmonary function due to failure in the resolution of inflammation. Here, we investigated the ability of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], a pivotal peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, to promote resolution of an allergic lung inflammatory response. Balb/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin and treated with Ang-(1-7) at the peak of the inflammatory process. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lungs were collected 24 h after treatment. Different lung lobes were processed for histology to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration, airway and pulmonary remodeling, total collagen staining, and measurements of (i) collagen I and III mRNA expression by qRT-PCR; (ii) ERK1/2, IκB-α, and GATA3 protein levels by Western blotting; and (iii) eosinophilic peroxidase activity. Total number of inflammatory cells, proportion of apoptotic eosinophils and immunofluorescence for caspase 3 and NF-κB in leukocytes were evaluated in the BAL. Mas receptor immunostaining was evaluated in mouse and human eosinophils. Engulfment of human polimorphonuclear cells by macrophages, efferocytosis, was evaluated in vivo. Ang-(1-7) reduced eosinophils in the lung and in the BAL, increased the number of apoptotic eosinophils, shown by histology criteria and by increase in caspase 3 immunostaining. Furthermore, Ang-(1-7) decreased NF-kB immunostaining in eosinophils, reduced GATA3, ERK1/2, and IκB-α expression in the lung and decreased pulmonary remodeling and collagen deposition. Importantly, Ang-(1-7) increased efferocytosis. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, Ang-(1-7) activates events that are crucial for resolution of the inflammatory process of asthma and promotion of the return of lung homeostasis, indicating Ang-(1-7) as novel endogenous inflammation-resolving mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle S Magalhaes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lívia C Barroso
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alesandra C Reis
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria G Rodrigues-Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Gregório
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aline C Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Denise A Perez
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucíola S Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Jose Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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28
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Chiang N, Serhan CN. Structural elucidation and physiologic functions of specialized pro-resolving mediators and their receptors. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:114-129. [PMID: 28336292 PMCID: PMC5623601 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The acute inflammatory response is host-protective to contain foreign invaders. Many of today's pharmacopeia that block pro-inflammatory chemical mediators can cause serious unwanted side effects such as immune suppression. Uncontrolled inflammation is now considered a pathophysiologic basis associated with many widely occurring diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity and asthma, as well as the classic inflammatory diseases, e.g. arthritis, periodontal diseases. The inflammatory response is designated to be a self-limited process that produces a superfamily of chemical mediators that stimulate resolution of inflammatory responses. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPM) uncovered in recent years are endogenous mediators that include omega-3-derived families resolvins, protectins and maresins, as well as arachidonic acid-derived (n-6) lipoxins that stimulate and promote resolution of inflammation, clearance of microbes, reduce pain and promote tissue regeneration via novel mechanisms. Here, we review recent evidence from human and preclinical animal studies, together with the structural and functional elucidation of SPM indicating the SPM as physiologic mediators and pharmacologic agonists that stimulate resolution of inflammation and infection. These results suggest that it is time to develop immunoresolvents as agonists for testing resolution pharmacology in nutrition and health as well as in human diseases and during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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29
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Barroso LC, Magalhaes GS, Galvão I, Reis AC, Souza DG, Sousa LP, Santos RAS, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Pinho V, Teixeira MM. Angiotensin-(1-7) Promotes Resolution of Neutrophilic Inflammation in a Model of Antigen-Induced Arthritis in Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1596. [PMID: 29209329 PMCID: PMC5701946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective resolution of inflammation may be crucial for the initiation and development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis. Therefore, it has been suggested that therapeutic strategies based on molecules that facilitate inflammation resolution present great potential for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects and role of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] in driving resolution of neutrophilic inflammation in a model of arthritis. For this purpose, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to antigen-induced arthritis and treated with Ang-(1-7) at the peak of the inflammatory process. Analysis of the number of inflammatory cells, apoptosis, and immunofluorescence for NF-κB was performed in the exudate collected from the knee cavity. Neutrophil accumulation in periarticular tissue was measured by assaying myeloperoxidase activity. Apoptosis of human neutrophil after treatment with Ang-(1-7) was evaluated morphologically and by flow cytometry, and NF-κB phosphorylation by immunofluorescence. Efferocytosis was evaluated in vivo. Therapeutic treatment with Ang-(1-7) at the peak of inflammation promoted resolution, an effect associated with caspase-dependent neutrophils apoptosis and NF-κB inhibition. Importantly, Ang-(1-7) was also able to induce apoptosis of human neutrophils, an effect associated with NF-κB inhibition. The pro-resolving effects of Ang-(1-7) were inhibited by the Mas receptor antagonist A779. Finally, we showed that Ang-(1-7) increased the efferocytic ability of murine macrophages. Our results clearly demonstrate that Ang-(1-7) resolves neutrophilic inflammation in vivo acting in two key step of resolution: apoptosis of neutrophils and their removal by efferocytosis. Ang-(1-7) is a novel mediator of resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia C Barroso
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Giselle S Magalhaes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Izabela Galvão
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alessandra C Reis
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniella G Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Jose Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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30
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Abstract
During microbial infections, both innate and adaptive immunity are activated. Viruses and bacteria usually induce an acute inflammation in the first setting of infection, which helps the eliciting an effective immune response. In contrast, macroparasites such as helminths are a highly successful group of invaders known to be capable of maintaining a chronic infestation with the minimum instigation. Undoubtedly, generating such an immunoregulatory environment requires the exploitation of various immunosuppressive mechanisms to debilitate host immunity supporting their survival and replication. Several mechanisms have been recognized whereby helminths prolong their infections including an increase of immunoregulatory cells, inhibition of Th1 or Th2 responses, targeting pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and lowering the immune cells quantity via induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis is a programmed intracellular process involving a series of consecutive downstream signalling event evolved to cell death. It plays a pivotal role in several immunological reactions in particular deletion of autoreactive immune cells. Helminth-triggered apoptosis in immune cells exhausts host immunity, which paves the way for generating a permissive environment and chronic infection. This review provides a compilation of recent investigations discussing the apoptotic mechanisms exploited by different worms and the immunological consequences of immune cell death. Finally, the anti-cancer effects of some worm-derived molecules due to their apoptotic effects are discussed, highlighting as potentially druggable candidates to combat cancer.
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31
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Brazee PL, Soni PN, Tokhtaeva E, Magnani N, Yemelyanov A, Perlman HR, Ridge KM, Sznajder JI, Vagin O, Dada LA. FXYD5 Is an Essential Mediator of the Inflammatory Response during Lung Injury. Front Immunol 2017; 8:623. [PMID: 28620381 PMCID: PMC5451504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The alveolar epithelium secretes cytokines and chemokines that recruit immune cells to the lungs, which is essential for fighting infections but in excess can promote lung injury. Overexpression of FXYD5, a tissue-specific regulator of the Na,K-ATPase, in mice, impairs the alveolo-epithelial barrier, and FXYD5 overexpression in renal cells increases C-C chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2) secretion in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The aim of this study was to determine whether FXYD5 contributes to the lung inflammation and injury. Exposure of alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) to LPS increased FXYD5 levels at the plasma membrane, and FXYD5 silencing prevented both the activation of NF-κB and the secretion of cytokines in response to LPS. Intratracheal instillation of LPS into mice increased FXYD5 levels in the lung. FXYD5 overexpression increased the recruitment of interstitial macrophages and classical monocytes to the lung in response to LPS. FXYD5 silencing decreased CCL2 levels, number of cells, and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after LPS treatment, indicating that FXYD5 is required for the NF-κB-stimulated epithelial production of CCL2, the influx of immune cells, and the increase in alveolo-epithelial permeability in response to LPS. Silencing of FXYD5 also prevented the activation of NF-κB and cytokine secretion in response to interferon α and TNF-α, suggesting that pro-inflammatory effects of FXYD5 are not limited to the LPS-induced pathway. Furthermore, in the absence of other stimuli, FXYD5 overexpression in AEC activated NF-κB and increased cytokine production, while FXYD5 overexpression in mice increased cytokine levels in BALF, indicating that FXYD5 is sufficient to induce the NF-κB-stimulated cytokine secretion by the alveolar epithelium. The FXYD5 overexpression also increased cell counts in BALF, which was prevented by silencing the CCL2 receptor (CCR2), or by treating mice with a CCR2-blocking antibody, confirming that FXYD5-induced CCL2 production leads to the recruitment of monocytes to the lung. Taken together, the data demonstrate that FXYD5 is a key contributor to inflammatory lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Brazee
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Pritin N Soni
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elmira Tokhtaeva
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Natalia Magnani
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alex Yemelyanov
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Harris R Perlman
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Karen M Ridge
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Olga Vagin
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Laura A Dada
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Stevenson C, Jiang D, Schaefer N, Ito Y, Berman R, Sanchez A, Chu HW. MUC18 regulates IL-13-mediated airway inflammatory response. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:691-700. [PMID: 28451734 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of MUC18 on IL-13-mediated airway inflammatory responses in human airway epithelial cells and in mice. MATERIALS Primary normal human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells, wild-type (WT) and Muc18 knockout (KO) mice, and mouse tracheal epithelial cells (mTECs) were utilized. TREATMENT Cultured HTBE cells treated with MUC18 siRNA or MUC18 expressing lentivirus were incubated with IL-13 (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. Mice were intranasally instilled with 500 ng of IL-13 for 3 days. mTECs were treated with IL-13 (10 ng/mL) for 3 days. METHODS PCR was used to measure mRNA expression. Western Blot and ELISAs were used to quantify protein expression. Cytospins of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were used to obtain leukocyte differentials. RESULTS MUC18 siRNA reduced IL-13-mediated eotaxin-3 (183 ± 44 vs. 380 ± 59 pg/mL, p < 0.05), while MUC18 overexpression increased IL-13-mediated eotaxin-3 (95 ± 3 vs. 58 ± 3 pg/mL, p < 0.05) in HTBE cells. IL-13-treated Muc18 KO mice had a lower percentage of neutrophils in BAL than WT mice (25 ± 3 vs. 35 ± 3%, p = 0.0565). CONCLUSIONS These results implicate MUC18 as a potential enhancer of airway inflammation in a type 2 cytokine (e.g., IL-13) milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Stevenson
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Di Jiang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Niccolette Schaefer
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Yoko Ito
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Reena Berman
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Amelia Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
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Serhan CN. Treating inflammation and infection in the 21st century: new hints from decoding resolution mediators and mechanisms. FASEB J 2017; 31:1273-1288. [PMID: 28087575 PMCID: PMC5349794 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601222r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Practitioners of ancient societies from the time of Hippocrates and earlier recognized and treated the signs of inflammation, heat, redness, swelling, and pain with agents that block or inhibit proinflammatory chemical mediators. More selective drugs are available today, but this therapeutic concept has not changed. Because the acute inflammatory response is host protective to contain foreign invaders, much of today's pharmacopeia can cause serious unwanted side effects, such as immune suppression. Uncontrolled inflammation is now considered pathophysiologic and is associated with many widely occurring diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity, and asthma, as well as classic inflammatory diseases (e.g., arthritis and periodontal diseases). The inflammatory response, when self-limited, produces a superfamily of chemical mediators that stimulate resolution of the response. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), identified in recent years, are endogenous mediators that include the n-3-derived families resolvins, protectins, and maresins, as well as arachidonic acid-derived (n-6) lipoxins, which promote resolution of inflammation, clearance of microbes, reduction of pain, and promotion of tissue regeneration via novel mechanisms. Aspirin and statins have a positive impact on these resolution pathways, producing epimeric forms of specific SPMs, whereas other drugs can disrupt timely resolution. In this article, evidence from recent human and preclinical animal studies is reviewed, indicating that SPMs are physiologic mediators and pharmacologic agonists that stimulate resolution of inflammation and infection. The findings suggest that it is time to challenge current treatment practices-namely, using inhibitors and antagonists alone-and to develop immunoresolvents as agonists to test resolution pharmacology and their role in catabasis for their therapeutic potential.-Serhan, C. N. Treating inflammation and infection in the 21st century: new hints from decoding resolution mediators and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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34
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Hwang JY, Randall TD, Silva-Sanchez A. Inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue: Taming Inflammation in the Lung. Front Immunol 2016; 7:258. [PMID: 27446088 PMCID: PMC4928648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Following pulmonary inflammation, leukocytes that infiltrate the lung often assemble into structures known as inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (iBALT). Like conventional lymphoid organs, areas of iBALT have segregated B and T cell areas, specialized stromal cells, high endothelial venules, and lymphatic vessels. After inflammation is resolved, iBALT is maintained for months, independently of inflammation. Once iBALT is formed, it participates in immune responses to pulmonary antigens, including those that are unrelated to the iBALT-initiating antigen, and often alters the clinical course of disease. However, the mechanisms that govern immune responses in iBALT and determine how iBALT impacts local and systemic immunity are poorly understood. Here, we review our current understanding of iBALT formation and discuss how iBALT participates in pulmonary immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Hwang
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Aaron Silva-Sanchez
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
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35
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Vanden Berghe T, Hassannia B, Vandenabeele P. An outline of necrosome triggers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2137-52. [PMID: 27052312 PMCID: PMC4887535 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis was initially identified as a backup cell death program when apoptosis is blocked. However, it is now recognized as a cellular defense mechanism against infections and is presumed to be a detrimental factor in several pathologies driven by cell death. Necroptosis is a prototypic form of regulated necrosis that depends on activation of the necrosome, which is a protein complex in which receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 3 is activated. The RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) is the core domain that regulates activation of the necrosome. To date, three RHIM-containing proteins have been reported to activate the kinase activity of RIPK3 within the necrosome: RIPK1, Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF), and DNA-dependent activator of interferon regulatory factors (DAI). Here, we review and discuss commonalities and differences of the increasing number of activators of the necrosome. Since the discovery that activation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) by RIPK3 kinase activity is crucial in necroptosis, interest has increased in monitoring and therapeutically targeting their activation. The availability of new phospho-specific antibodies, pharmacologic inhibitors, and transgenic models will allow us to further document the role of necroptosis in degenerative, inflammatory and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Vanden Berghe
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Behrouz Hassannia
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction, Department of Physiology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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36
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Goyal V, Grimwood K, Marchant J, Masters IB, Chang AB. Pediatric bronchiectasis: No longer an orphan disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 2016; 51:450-69. [PMID: 26840008 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is described classically as a chronic pulmonary disorder characterized by a persistent productive cough and irreversible dilatation of one or more bronchi. However, in children unable to expectorate, cough may instead be wet and intermittent and bronchial dilatation reversible in the early stages. Although still considered an orphan disease, it is being recognized increasingly as causing significant morbidity and mortality in children and adults in both affluent and developing countries. While bronchiectasis has multiple etiologies, the final common pathway involves a complex interplay between the host, respiratory pathogens and environmental factors. These interactions lead to a vicious cycle of repeated infections, airway inflammation and tissue remodelling resulting in impaired airway clearance, destruction of structural elements within the bronchial wall causing them to become dilated and small airway obstruction. In this review, the current knowledge of the epidemiology, pathobiology, clinical features, and management of bronchiectasis in children are summarized. Recent evidence has emerged to improve our understanding of this heterogeneous disease including the role of viruses, and how antibiotics, novel drugs, antiviral agents, and vaccines might be used. Importantly, the management is no longer dependent upon extrapolating from the cystic fibrosis experience. Nevertheless, substantial information gaps remain in determining the underlying disease mechanisms that initiate and sustain the pathophysiological pathways leading to bronchiectasis. National and international collaborations, standardizing definitions of clinical and research end points, and exploring novel primary prevention strategies are needed if further progress is to be made in understanding, treating and even preventing this often life-limiting disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Goyal
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keith Grimwood
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University and Gold Coast Health, Southport, Australia
| | - Julie Marchant
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - I Brent Masters
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anne B Chang
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia.,Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia.,Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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37
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Robb CT, Regan KH, Dorward DA, Rossi AG. Key mechanisms governing resolution of lung inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:425-48. [PMID: 27116944 PMCID: PMC4896979 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity normally provides excellent defence against invading microorganisms. Acute inflammation is a form of innate immune defence and represents one of the primary responses to injury, infection and irritation, largely mediated by granulocyte effector cells such as neutrophils and eosinophils. Failure to remove an inflammatory stimulus (often resulting in failed resolution of inflammation) can lead to chronic inflammation resulting in tissue injury caused by high numbers of infiltrating activated granulocytes. Successful resolution of inflammation is dependent upon the removal of these cells. Under normal physiological conditions, apoptosis (programmed cell death) precedes phagocytic recognition and clearance of these cells by, for example, macrophages, dendritic and epithelial cells (a process known as efferocytosis). Inflammation contributes to immune defence within the respiratory mucosa (responsible for gas exchange) because lung epithelia are continuously exposed to a multiplicity of airborne pathogens, allergens and foreign particles. Failure to resolve inflammation within the respiratory mucosa is a major contributor of numerous lung diseases. This review will summarise the major mechanisms regulating lung inflammation, including key cellular interplays such as apoptotic cell clearance by alveolar macrophages and macrophage/neutrophil/epithelial cell interactions. The different acute and chronic inflammatory disease states caused by dysregulated/impaired resolution of lung inflammation will be discussed. Furthermore, the resolution of lung inflammation during neutrophil/eosinophil-dominant lung injury or enhanced resolution driven via pharmacological manipulation will also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Robb
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - K H Regan
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - D A Dorward
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - A G Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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38
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The role of neutrophils in inflammation resolution. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:137-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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39
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Hoffmann F, Ender F, Schmudde I, Lewkowich IP, Köhl J, König P, Laumonnier Y. Origin, Localization, and Immunoregulatory Properties of Pulmonary Phagocytes in Allergic Asthma. Front Immunol 2016; 7:107. [PMID: 27047494 PMCID: PMC4803735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that is driven by maladaptive T helper 2 (Th2) and Th17 immune responses against harmless, airborne substances. Pulmonary phagocytes represent the first line of defense in the lung where they constantly sense the local environment for potential threats. They comprise two distinct cell types, i.e., macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) that differ in their origins and functions. Alveolar macrophages quickly take up most of the inhaled allergens, yet do not deliver their cargo to naive T cells sampling in draining lymph nodes. In contrast, pulmonary DCs instruct CD4(+) T cells develop into Th2 and Th17 effectors, initiating the maladaptive immune responses toward harmless environmental substances observed in allergic individuals. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying this mistaken identity of harmless, airborne substances by innate immune cells is one of the great challenges in asthma research. The identification of different pulmonary DC subsets, their role in antigen uptake, migration to the draining lymph nodes, and their potential to instruct distinct T cell responses has set the stage to unravel this mystery. However, at this point, a detailed understanding of the spatiotemporal resolution of DC subset localization, allergen uptake, processing, autocrine and paracrine cellular crosstalk, and the humoral factors that define the activation status of DCs is still lacking. In addition to DCs, at least two distinct macrophage populations have been identified in the lung that are either located in the airway/alveolar lumen or in the interstitium. Recent data suggest that such populations can exert either pro- or anti-inflammatory functions. Similar to the DC subsets, detailed insights into the individual roles of alveolar and interstitial macrophages during the different phases of asthma development are still missing. Here, we will provide an update on the current understanding of the origin, localization, and function of the diverse pulmonary antigen-presenting cell subsets, in particular with regard to the development and regulation of allergic asthma. While most data are from mouse models of experimental asthma, we have also included available human data to judge the translational value of the findings obtained in experimental asthma models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanny Ender
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inken Schmudde
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian P. Lewkowich
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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40
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Meijer L, Nelson DJ, Riazanski V, Gabdoulkhakova AG, Hery-Arnaud G, Le Berre R, Loaëc N, Oumata N, Galons H, Nowak E, Gueganton L, Dorothée G, Prochazkova M, Hall B, Kulkarni AB, Gray RD, Rossi AG, Witko-Sarsat V, Norez C, Becq F, Ravel D, Mottier D, Rault G. Modulating Innate and Adaptive Immunity by (R)-Roscovitine: Potential Therapeutic Opportunity in Cystic Fibrosis. J Innate Immun 2016; 8:330-49. [PMID: 26987072 PMCID: PMC4800827 DOI: 10.1159/000444256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(R)-Roscovitine, a pharmacological inhibitor of kinases, is currently in phase II clinical trial as a drug candidate for the treatment of cancers, Cushing's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. We here review the data that support the investigation of (R)-roscovitine as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF). (R)-Roscovitine displays four independent properties that may favorably combine against CF: (1) it partially protects F508del-CFTR from proteolytic degradation and favors its trafficking to the plasma membrane; (2) by increasing membrane targeting of the TRPC6 ion channel, it rescues acidification in phagolysosomes of CF alveolar macrophages (which show abnormally high pH) and consequently restores their bactericidal activity; (3) its effects on neutrophils (induction of apoptosis), eosinophils (inhibition of degranulation/induction of apoptosis) and lymphocytes (modification of the Th17/Treg balance in favor of the differentiation of anti-inflammatory lymphocytes and reduced production of various interleukins, notably IL-17A) contribute to the resolution of inflammation and restoration of innate immunity, and (4) roscovitine displays analgesic properties in animal pain models. The fact that (R)-roscovitine has undergone extensive preclinical safety/pharmacology studies, and phase I and II clinical trials in cancer patients, encourages its repurposing as a CF drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Meijer
- Centre de Perharidy, ManRos Therapeutics, Roscoff, France
| | - Deborah J. Nelson
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA
| | - Vladimir Riazanski
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA
| | - Aida G. Gabdoulkhakova
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA
| | - Geneviève Hery-Arnaud
- Unité de Bactériologie, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
- EA3882-LUBEM, Université de Brest, UFR de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Brest, France
| | - Rozenn Le Berre
- EA3882-LUBEM, Université de Brest, UFR de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Brest, France
- Département de Médecine Interne et Pneumologie, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Nadège Loaëc
- Centre de Perharidy, ManRos Therapeutics, Roscoff, France
| | - Nassima Oumata
- Centre de Perharidy, ManRos Therapeutics, Roscoff, France
| | - Hervé Galons
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Université Paris Descartes UMR-S 1022 INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Nowak
- Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, CHRU Brest, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1412, Brest, France
| | | | - Guillaume Dorothée
- Immune System, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), CdR Saint-Antoine, INSERM, UMRS 938, Paris, France
- Hôpital Saint-Antoine, CdR Saint-Antoine, UMRS 938, UPMC University Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Prochazkova
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Md., USA
| | - Bradford Hall
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Md., USA
| | - Ashok B. Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Md., USA
| | - Robert D. Gray
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adriano G. Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Caroline Norez
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Frédéric Becq
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Dominique Mottier
- Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, CHRU Brest, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1412, Brest, France
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41
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Grabiec AM, Hussell T. The role of airway macrophages in apoptotic cell clearance following acute and chronic lung inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:409-23. [PMID: 26957481 PMCID: PMC4896990 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic inflammatory responses in the lung are associated with the accumulation of large quantities of immune and structural cells undergoing apoptosis, which need to be engulfed by phagocytes in a process called ‘efferocytosis’. Apoptotic cell recognition and removal from the lung is mediated predominantly by airway macrophages, though immature dendritic cells and non-professional phagocytes, such as epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells, can also display this function. Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells from the airways is essential for successful resolution of inflammation and the return to lung homeostasis. Disruption of this process leads to secondary necrosis of accumulating apoptotic cells, release of necrotic cell debris and subsequent uncontrolled inflammatory activation of the innate immune system by the released ‘damage associated molecular patterns’ (DAMPS). To control the duration of the immune response and prevent autoimmune reactions, anti-inflammatory signalling cascades are initiated in the phagocyte upon apoptotic cell uptake, mediated by a range of receptors that recognise specific phospholipids or proteins externalised on, or secreted by, the apoptotic cell. However, prolonged activation of apoptotic cell recognition receptors, such as the family of receptor tyrosine kinases Tyro3, Axl and MerTK (TAM), may delay or prevent inflammatory responses to subsequent infections. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism controlling apoptotic cell recognition and removal from the lung in homeostasis and during inflammation, the contribution of defective efferocytosis to chronic inflammatory lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and cystic fibrosis, and implications of the signals triggered by apoptotic cells in the susceptibility to pulmonary microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander M Grabiec
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, M13 9NT, Manchester, UK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, M13 9NT, Manchester, UK.
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Brunst KJ, Baccarelli AA, Wright RJ. Integrating mitochondriomics in children's environmental health. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:976-91. [PMID: 26046650 PMCID: PMC4714560 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The amount of scientific research linking environmental exposures and childhood health outcomes continues to grow; yet few studies have teased out the mechanisms involved in environmentally-induced diseases. Cells can respond to environmental stressors in many ways: inducing oxidative stress/inflammation, changes in energy production and epigenetic alterations. Mitochondria, tiny organelles that each retains their own DNA, are exquisitely sensitive to environmental insults and are thought to be central players in these pathways. While it is intuitive that mitochondria play an important role in disease processes, given that every cell of our body is dependent on energy metabolism, it is less clear how environmental exposures impact mitochondrial mechanisms that may lead to enhanced risk of disease. Many of the effects of the environment are initiated in utero and integrating mitochondriomics into children's environmental health studies is a critical priority. This review will highlight (i) the importance of exploring environmental mitochondriomics in children's environmental health, (ii) why environmental mitochondriomics is well suited to biomarker development in this context, and (iii) how molecular and epigenetic changes in mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may reflect exposures linked to childhood health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J. Brunst
- Kravis Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health, Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Kravis Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Domm W, Misra RS, O'Reilly MA. Affect of Early Life Oxygen Exposure on Proper Lung Development and Response to Respiratory Viral Infections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:55. [PMID: 26322310 PMCID: PMC4530667 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Children born preterm often exhibit reduced lung function and increased severity of response to respiratory viruses, suggesting that premature birth has compromised proper development of the respiratory epithelium and innate immune defenses. Increasing evidence suggests that premature birth promotes aberrant lung development likely due to the neonatal oxygen transition occurring before pulmonary development has matured. Given that preterm infants are born at a point of time where their immune system is also still developing, early life oxygen exposure may also be disrupting proper development of innate immunity. Here, we review current literature in hopes of stimulating research that enhances understanding of how the oxygen environment at birth influences lung development and host defense. This knowledge may help identify those children at risk for disease and ideally culminate in the development of novel therapies that improve their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Domm
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester , Rochester, NY , USA ; Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester , Rochester, NY , USA
| | - Ravi S Misra
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester , Rochester, NY , USA
| | - Michael A O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester , Rochester, NY , USA ; Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester , Rochester, NY , USA
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Lucas CD, Dorward DA, Sharma S, Rennie J, Felton JM, Alessandri AL, Duffin R, Schwarze J, Haslett C, Rossi AG. Wogonin induces eosinophil apoptosis and attenuates allergic airway inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:626-36. [PMID: 25629436 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201408-1565oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Eosinophils are key effector cells in allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, eczema, and asthma. Their tissue presence is regulated by both recruitment and increased longevity at inflamed sites. OBJECTIVES To investigate the ability of the flavone wogonin to induce eosinophil apoptosis in vitro and attenuate eosinophil-dominant allergic inflammation in vivo in mice. METHODS Human and mouse eosinophil apoptosis in response to wogonin was investigated by cellular morphology, flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane permeability, and pharmacological caspase inhibition. Allergic lung inflammation was modeled in mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissue were examined for inflammation, mucus production, and inflammatory mediator production. Airway hyperresponsiveness to aerosolized methacholine was measured. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Wogonin induced time- and concentration-dependent human and mouse eosinophil apoptosis in vitro. Wogonin-induced eosinophil apoptosis occurred with activation of caspase-3 and was inhibited by pharmacological caspase inhibition. Wogonin administration attenuated allergic airway inflammation in vivo with reductions in BAL and interstitial eosinophil numbers, increased eosinophil apoptosis, reduced airway mucus production, and attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness. This wogonin-induced reduction in allergic airway inflammation was prevented by concurrent caspase inhibition in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Wogonin induces eosinophil apoptosis and attenuates allergic airway inflammation, suggesting that it has therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergic inflammation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Lucas
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Muñoz LE, Berens C, Lauber K, Gaipl US, Herrmann M. Apoptotic cell clearance and its role in the origin and resolution of chronic inflammation. Front Immunol 2015; 6:139. [PMID: 25859248 PMCID: PMC4373391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Enrique Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Christian Berens
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health , Jena , Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
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Cellular mechanisms underlying eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthma. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:879783. [PMID: 25878402 PMCID: PMC4386709 DOI: 10.1155/2015/879783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a phenotypically heterogeneous chronic disease of the airways, characterized by either predominant eosinophilic or neutrophilic, or even mixed eosinophilic/neutrophilic inflammatory patterns. Eosinophilic inflammation can be associated with the whole spectrum of asthma severity, ranging from mild-to-moderate to severe uncontrolled disease, whereas neutrophilic inflammation occurs mostly in more severe asthma. Eosinophilic asthma includes either allergic or nonallergic phenotypes underlying immune responses mediated by T helper (Th)2 cell-derived cytokines, whilst neutrophilic asthma is mostly dependent on Th17 cell-induced mechanisms. These immune-inflammatory profiles develop as a consequence of a functional impairment of T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes, which promotes the activation of dendritic cells directing the differentiation of distinct Th cell subsets. The recent advances in the knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying asthmatic inflammation are contributing to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, potentially suitable for the implementation of future improvements in antiasthma pharmacologic treatments.
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Induction of eosinophil apoptosis by hydrogen peroxide promotes the resolution of allergic inflammation. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1632. [PMID: 25675292 PMCID: PMC4669804 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are effector cells that have an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic disease. Defective removal of these cells likely leads to chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Thus, there is great interest in understanding the mechanisms responsible for the elimination of eosinophils from inflammatory sites. Previous studies have demonstrated a role for certain mediators and molecular pathways responsible for the survival and death of leukocytes at sites of inflammation. Reactive oxygen species have been described as proinflammatory mediators but their role in the resolution phase of inflammation is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of reactive oxygen species in the resolution of allergic inflammatory responses. An eosinophilic cell line (Eol-1) was treated with hydrogen peroxide and apoptosis was measured. Allergic inflammation was induced in ovalbumin sensitized and challenged mouse models and reactive oxygen species were administered at the peak of inflammatory cell infiltrate. Inflammatory cell numbers, cytokine and chemokine levels, mucus production, inflammatory cell apoptosis and peribronchiolar matrix deposition was quantified in the lungs. Resistance and elastance were measured at baseline and after aerosolized methacholine. Hydrogen peroxide accelerates resolution of airway inflammation by induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis of eosinophils and decrease remodeling, mucus deposition, inflammatory cytokine production and airway hyperreactivity. Moreover, the inhibition of reactive oxygen species production by apocynin or in gp91phox−/− mice prolonged the inflammatory response. Hydrogen peroxide induces Eol-1 apoptosis in vitro and enhances the resolution of inflammation and improves lung function in vivo by inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis of eosinophils.
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