1
|
Typiak M, Żurawa-Janicka D. Not an immune cell, but they may act like one-cells with immune properties outside the immune system. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:487-499. [PMID: 38650437 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The cells presented in this work are not classified as cells that make up the immune system. They, however, present functions and molecules, which are characteristic of immune cells. These characteristic functions are, for example, sensing threat, performing phagocytosis, presentation of foreign antigens, cytokine release or enhancing immune memory. The enlisted immune response mechanisms are carried out by the possession of molecules such as Toll-like receptors, receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG, major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, costimulatory CD80/CD86 proteins and molecules needed for NLRP3 (NOD-like family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome activation. Thanks to these properties, the described nonimmune cells play an important role in the local immune response and support of the entire body in the fight against pathogens. They constitute the first line of defense of tissues and organs against pathogens and molecules recognized as harmful. The cells described in this article are particularly important in immunologically privileged places (e.g. the Bowman's capsule in the kidney), where "typical" immune cells normally do not have access. In this paper, we present immune-like functions and molecule suites of resident kidney cells (podocytes and mesangial cells), cochlear resident cells, fibrocytes and fibroblasts, as well as some stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived cells).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Typiak
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Żurawa-Janicka
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alamri MA, Tahir ul Qamar M. Network pharmacology based virtual screening of Flavonoids from Dodonea angustifolia and the molecular mechanism against inflammation. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101802. [PMID: 37822694 PMCID: PMC10563060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a nonspecific immune response against injury caused by a harmful agent that strives to restore tissue function and homeostasis. Dodonaea angustifolia L.f. (Sapindaceae) is a medium-sized shrub used to treat a variety of diseases in traditional medicine. In the current study, integrated network-pharmacology and molecular docking approaches were used to identify the active constituents, their possible targets, signaling pathways, and anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids from D.angustifolia. D. angustifolia active ingredients were acquired from the Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry and Therapeutics (IMPPAT), and Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology (TCMSP) databases. The screening included the ten most prevalent D. angustifolia components, and the SwissTargetPrediction database was utilized to anticipate the targets of these compounds. Anti-inflammatory genes were found using the GeneCards database. The 175 overlapping genes were discovered as prospective D. angustifolia anti-inflammatory targets. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that the overlapped targets were closely related to the major pathogenic processes linked to inflammation, such as response to organonitrogen compound, protein kinase activity, phosphotransferase activity, pI3k-Akt signaling pathway, metabolic pathways, and chemical carcinogenesis. Compound-target-pathway, and protein-protein interaction networks revealed 6-Methoxykaempferol and 5-Hydroxy-7,8 dimethoxyflavone as key compounds, and AKT1, VEGFA, and EGFR as key targets. Furthermore, molecular docking followed by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of D. angustifolia active ingredients with core proteins fully complemented the binding affinity of these compounds and indicated stable complexes at the docked site. These findings reveal D. angustifolia 's multi-target, multi-compound, and multi-pathway strategies against inflammation. Our study paved the way for further research into the mechanism for developing D. angustifolia -based natural products as alternative therapies for inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak A. Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar
- Integrative Omics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schäfer AL, Ruiz-Aparicio PF, Kraemer AN, Chevalier N. Crosstalk in the diseased plasma cell niche - the force of inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120398. [PMID: 36895566 PMCID: PMC9989665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Schäfer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paola Fernanda Ruiz-Aparicio
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antoine N Kraemer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Chevalier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bindu S, Dandapat S, Manikandan R, Dinesh M, Subbaiyan A, Mani P, Dhawan M, Tiwari R, Bilal M, Emran TB, Mitra S, Rabaan AA, Mutair AA, Alawi ZA, Alhumaid S, Dhama K. Prophylactic and therapeutic insights into trained immunity: A renewed concept of innate immune memory. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2040238. [PMID: 35240935 PMCID: PMC9009931 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity is a renewed concept of innate immune memory that facilitates the innate immune system to have the capacity to remember and train cells via metabolic and transcriptional events to enable them to provide nonspecific defense against the subsequent encounters with a range of pathogens and acquire a quicker and more robust immune response, but different from the adaptive immune memory. Reversing the epigenetic changes or targeting the immunological pathways may be considered potential therapeutic approaches to counteract the hyper-responsive or hypo-responsive state of trained immunity. The efficient regulation of immune homeostasis and promotion or inhibition of immune responses is required for a balanced response. Trained immunity-based vaccines can serve as potent immune stimuli and help in the clearance of pathogens in the body through multiple or heterologous effects and confer protection against nonspecific and specific pathogens. This review highlights various features of trained immunity and its applications in developing novel therapeutics and vaccines, along with certain detrimental effects, challenges as well as future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Bindu
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyabrata Dandapat
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendran Manikandan
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Murali Dinesh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anbazhagan Subbaiyan
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pashupathi Mani
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester, UK
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangldesh
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Zainab Al Alawi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cavagnero KJ, Gallo RL. Essential immune functions of fibroblasts in innate host defense. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058862. [PMID: 36591258 PMCID: PMC9797514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term fibroblast has been used generally to describe spindle-shaped stromal cells of mesenchymal origin that produce extracellular matrix, establish tissue structure, and form scar. Current evidence has found that cells with this morphology are highly heterogeneous with some fibroblastic cells actively participating in both innate and adaptive immune defense. Detailed analysis of barrier tissues such as skin, gut, and lung now show that some fibroblasts directly sense pathogens and other danger signals to elicit host defense functions including antimicrobial activity, leukocyte recruitment, and production of cytokines and lipid mediators relevant to inflammation and immunosuppression. This review will synthesize current literature focused on the innate immune functions performed by fibroblasts at barrier tissues to highlight the previously unappreciated importance of these cells in immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mu D, Yang J, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Chen W, Huang J, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Yang D. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Neutrophil as Orchestrator during β-Glucan–Induced Trained Immunity in a Teleost Fish. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:783-795. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Trained immunity defines long-term memory of innate immunity based on transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic modifications of myeloid cells, which are characterized by elevated proinflammatory responses toward homologous or heterologous secondary stimuli in mammals. However, the evidence of trained immunity-associated immune cells and its molecular mechanism in teleost fish remains largely unknown. In this study, we established a trained immunity activation model in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and found that administration with β-glucan induces protection against a bacterial infection. Through single-cell RNA sequencing to annotate 14 clusters of innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as two clusters of blood cells, from head kidney and spleen, respectively, we characterized that neutrophil displays cardinal features of trained immunity by analyzing the expression abundance of trained immunity database–related genes at the single-cell level. Subsequently, through establishing an in vivo training and in vitro neutrophil challenge model, we found that the trained neutrophils exhibit a significant elevation of the IL-1R signaling pathway after Edwardsiella piscicida infection. Furthermore, inhibition of neutrophil’s IL-1R signaling pathway through anakinra treatment impaired the heightened production of reactive oxygen, nitrogen species, lactate, as well as the neutrophil extracellular traps formation and bacterial killing ability. Taken together, these findings characterized neutrophil as the orchestrator to express features of trained immunity, and revealed that the IL-1R signaling pathway plays a critical role in induction of trained immunity for bacterial clearance in teleost fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Mu
- *State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yang
- *State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- *State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- *State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- *State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchang Huang
- *State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- †Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Qin Liu
- *State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- ‡Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; and
- §Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- *State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- §Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jasso GJ, Jaiswal A, Varma M, Laszewski T, Grauel A, Omar A, Silva N, Dranoff G, Porter JA, Mansfield K, Cremasco V, Regev A, Xavier RJ, Graham DB. Colon stroma mediates an inflammation-driven fibroblastic response controlling matrix remodeling and healing. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001532. [PMID: 35085231 PMCID: PMC8824371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is often associated with the development of tissue fibrosis, but how mesenchymal cell responses dictate pathological fibrosis versus resolution and healing remains unclear. Defining stromal heterogeneity and identifying molecular circuits driving extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling stands to illuminate the relationship between inflammation, fibrosis, and healing. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of colon-derived stromal cells and identified distinct classes of fibroblasts with gene signatures that are differentially regulated by chronic inflammation, including IL-11-producing inflammatory fibroblasts. We further identify a transcriptional program associated with trans-differentiation of mucosa-associated fibroblasts and define a functional gene signature associated with matrix deposition and remodeling in the inflamed colon. Our analysis supports a critical role for the metalloprotease Adamdec1 at the interface between tissue remodeling and healing during colitis, demonstrating its requirement for colon epithelial integrity. These findings provide mechanistic insight into how inflammation perturbs stromal cell behaviors to drive fibroblastic responses controlling mucosal matrix remodeling and healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe J. Jasso
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alok Jaiswal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mukund Varma
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tyler Laszewski
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Angelo Grauel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Abdifatah Omar
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nilsa Silva
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Porter
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keith Mansfield
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Viviana Cremasco
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RJX); (DBG)
| | - Daniel B. Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RJX); (DBG)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Immune Memory in Aging: a Wide Perspective Covering Microbiota, Brain, Metabolism, and Epigenetics. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 63:499-529. [PMID: 34910283 PMCID: PMC8671603 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Non-specific innate and antigen-specific adaptive immunological memories are vital evolutionary adaptations that confer long-lasting protection against a wide range of pathogens. Adaptive memory is established by memory T and B lymphocytes following the recognition of an antigen. On the other hand, innate immune memory, also called trained immunity, is imprinted in innate cells such as macrophages and natural killer cells through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. However, these mechanisms of memory generation and maintenance are compromised as organisms age. Almost all immune cell types, both mature cells and their progenitors, go through age-related changes concerning numbers and functions. The aging immune system renders the elderly highly susceptible to infections and incapable of mounting a proper immune response upon vaccinations. Besides the increased infectious burden, older individuals also have heightened risks of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, which have an immunological component. This review discusses how immune function, particularly the establishment and maintenance of innate and adaptive immunological memory, regulates and is regulated by epigenetics, metabolic processes, gut microbiota, and the central nervous system throughout life, with a focus on old age. We explain in-depth how epigenetics and cellular metabolism impact immune cell function and contribute or resist the aging process. Microbiota is intimately linked with the immune system of the human host, and therefore, plays an important role in immunological memory during both homeostasis and aging. The brain, which is not an immune-isolated organ despite former opinion, interacts with the peripheral immune cells, and the aging of both systems influences the health of each other. With all these in mind, we aimed to present a comprehensive view of the aging immune system and its consequences, especially in terms of immunological memory. The review also details the mechanisms of promising anti-aging interventions and highlights a few, namely, caloric restriction, physical exercise, metformin, and resveratrol, that impact multiple facets of the aging process, including the regulation of innate and adaptive immune memory. We propose that understanding aging as a complex phenomenon, with the immune system at the center role interacting with all the other tissues and systems, would allow for more effective anti-aging strategies.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Mesangial cells are stromal cells that are important for kidney glomerular homeostasis and the glomerular response to injury. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that mesenchymal stromal cells, such as stromal fibroblasts, pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, not only specify the architecture of tissues but also regulate developmental processes, vascularization and cell fate specification. In addition, through crosstalk with neighbouring cells and indirectly through the remodelling of the matrix, stromal cells can regulate a variety of processes such as immunity, inflammation, regeneration and in the context of maladaptive responses - fibrosis. Insights into the molecular phenotype of kidney mesangial cells suggest that they are a specialized stromal cell of the glomerulus. Here, we review our current understanding of mesenchymal stromal cells and discuss how it informs the function of mesangial cells and their role in disease. These new insights could lead to a better understanding of kidney disease pathogenesis and the development of new therapies for chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
|
10
|
Magadán S, Mikelez-Alonso I, Borrego F, González-Fernández Á. Nanoparticles and trained immunity: Glimpse into the future. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113821. [PMID: 34087325 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidences show that innate immune cells can display changes in their functional programs after infection or vaccination, which lead to immunomodulation (increased or reduced responsiveness) upon secondary activation to the same stimuli or even to a different one. Innate cells acquire features of immunological memory, nowadays using the new term of "trained immunity" or "innate immune memory", which is different from the specific memory immune response elicited by B and T lymphocytes. The review focused on the concept of trained immunity, mostly on myeloid cells. Special attention is dedicated to the pathogen recognition along the evolution (bacteria, plants, invertebrate and vertebrate animals), and to techniques used to study epigenetic reprogramming and metabolic rewiring. Nanomaterials can be recognized by immune cells offering a very promising way to learn about trained immunity. Nanomaterials could be modified in order to immunomodulate the responses ad hoc. Many therapeutic possibilities are opened, and they should be explored.
Collapse
|
11
|
Network pharmacology integrated with experimental validation revealed the anti-inflammatory effects of Andrographis paniculata. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9752. [PMID: 33963245 PMCID: PMC8105393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key factor in the development and complications of various diseases because it has a complex pathogenesis. Andrographis paniculate (Burm. f.) Nees (Chuan Xinlian) is a well-known form of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) applied in clearing heat and detoxification. Also, it is rich in bioactive lactones, with various anti-inflammatory activities. Here, network pharmacology combined with molecular biology experimental approach was used to predict and verify the potential molecular mechanism of Chuan Xinlian in treating inflammation. The bioactive ingredients of Chuan Xinlian were obtained from the TCMSP database and literature. Besides, the targets of Chuan Xinlian and inflammation were collected based on the multi-source databases and used to generate the PPI network. Network topology analysis and functional enrichment analysis were used to screen hub genes and their mechanisms. Molecular docking simulation was performed to evaluate the binding activity between the predicted hub genes and the bioactive ingredients. Additionally, LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cell inflammatory response, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to validate the efficacy of the Chuan Xinlian in the treatment of inflammation. Network analysis outcomes indicated that five targets (IL-6, VEGFA, PTGST2, TNF-α, and MMP-9) were identified as the key targets of Chuan Xinlian in the treatment of inflammation. Further, molecular docking findings revealed that the majority of the bioactive ingredients exhibited a strong binding efficacy towards the predicted hub genes. Functional analysis results showed that the potential mechanisms were primarily concentrated in key pathways including cancer, immunology, and inflammation process. Moreover, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis indicated that Chuan Xinlian extract suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators with anti-inflammatory effects. Our study shows that Chuan Xinlian potentially exerts an anti-inflammatory effect via key pathways including cancer, immunology, and inflammation process. This suggests that Chuan Xinlian has a potential anti-inflammatory action, thereby providing a scientific reference for clinical studies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bekkering S, Domínguez-Andrés J, Joosten LAB, Riksen NP, Netea MG. Trained Immunity: Reprogramming Innate Immunity in Health and Disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:667-693. [PMID: 33637018 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-102119-073855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the innate and adaptive immune systems are differentiated by their specificity and memory capacity. In recent years, however, this paradigm has shifted: Cells of the innate immune system appear to be able to gain memory characteristics after transient stimulation, resulting in an enhanced response upon secondary challenge. This phenomenon has been called trained immunity. Trained immunity is characterized by nonspecific increased responsiveness, mediated via extensive metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Trained immunity explains the heterologous effects of vaccines, which result in increased protection against secondary infections. However, in chronic inflammatory conditions, trained immunity can induce maladaptive effects and contribute to hyperinflammation and progression of cardiovascular disease, autoinflammatory syndromes, and neuroinflammation. In this review we summarize the current state of the field of trained immunity, its mechanisms, and its roles in both health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siroon Bekkering
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , , .,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , , .,Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Opinions on the current pandemic of COVID-19: Use functional food to boost our immune functions. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:1811-1817. [PMID: 32948484 PMCID: PMC7831995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of novel coronavirus caused COVID-19 had resulted in a high number of hospitalizations and deaths and caused a devastating toll on human and society health. The symptoms of the infected patients vary significantly, from life-threatening to mild or even asymptomatic. This clinical observation led to hypothesize on the critical role of host innate immunity in the disease development and progression. As the first defense barrier against microorganisms, the innate immune reaction determines not only the viral infection rate but also immune-mediated response. Therefore, promote healthy behaviors to enhance innate immunity with functional food and nutritional agents may be a rational strategy for minimizing damages caused by viruses to global health.
Collapse
|
14
|
Barnhoorn MC, Hakuno SK, Bruckner RS, Rogler G, Hawinkels LJAC, Scharl M. Stromal Cells in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:995-1009. [PMID: 32160284 PMCID: PMC7392167 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Up till now, research on inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] has mainly been focused on the immune cells present in the gastrointestinal tract. However, recent insights indicate that stromal cells also play an important and significant role in IBD pathogenesis. Stromal cells in the intestines regulate both intestinal epithelial and immune cell homeostasis. Different subsets of stromal cells have been found to play a role in other inflammatory diseases [e.g. rheumatoid arthritis], and these various stromal subsets now appear to carry out also specific functions in the inflamed gut in IBD. Novel potential therapies for IBD utilize, as well as target, these pathogenic stromal cells. Injection of mesenchymal stromal cells [MSCs] into fistula tracts of Crohn's disease patients is already approved and used in clinical settings. In this review we discuss the current knowledge of the role of stromal cells in IBD pathogenesis. We further outline recent attempts to modify the stromal compartment in IBD with agents that target or replace the pathogenic stroma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Barnhoorn
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Corresponding author: Prof. Dr Michael Scharl, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich 8091, Switzerland. Tel: 41 44 255 3419; Fax: 41 44 255 9497;
| | - S K Hakuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R S Bruckner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shao Y, Saredy J, Yang WY, Sun Y, Lu Y, Saaoud F, Drummer C, Johnson C, Xu K, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Vascular Endothelial Cells and Innate Immunity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e138-e152. [PMID: 32459541 PMCID: PMC7263359 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the roles of endothelial cells (ECs) in physiological processes, ECs actively participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses. We previously reported that, in comparison to macrophages, a prototypic innate immune cell type, ECs have many innate immune functions that macrophages carry out, including cytokine secretion, phagocytic function, antigen presentation, pathogen-associated molecular patterns-, and danger-associated molecular patterns-sensing, proinflammatory, immune-enhancing, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppression, migration, heterogeneity, and plasticity. In this highlight, we introduce recent advances published in both ATVB and many other journals: (1) several significant characters classify ECs as novel immune cells not only in infections and allograft transplantation but also in metabolic diseases; (2) several new receptor systems including conditional danger-associated molecular pattern receptors, nonpattern receptors, and homeostasis associated molecular patterns receptors contribute to innate immune functions of ECs; (3) immunometabolism and innate immune memory determine the innate immune functions of ECs; (4) a great induction of the immune checkpoint receptors in ECs during inflammations suggests the immune tolerogenic functions of ECs; and (5) association of immune checkpoint inhibitors with cardiovascular adverse events and cardio-oncology indicates the potential contributions of ECs as innate immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - William Y. Yang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Candice Johnson
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lérias JR, de Sousa E, Paraschoudi G, Martins J, Condeço C, Figueiredo N, Carvalho C, Dodoo E, Maia A, Castillo-Martin M, Beltrán A, Ligeiro D, Rao M, Zumla A, Maeurer M. Trained Immunity for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2924. [PMID: 31998254 PMCID: PMC6967396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory formation, guided by microbial ligands, has been reported for innate immune cells. Epigenetic imprinting plays an important role herein, involving histone modification after pathogen-/danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Such "trained immunity" affects not only the nominal target pathogen, yet also non-related targets that may be encountered later in life. The concept of trained innate immunity warrants further exploration in cancer and how these insights can be implemented in immunotherapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of innate immune memory and we reference new findings in this field, highlighting the observations of trained immunity in monocytic and natural killer cells. We also provide a brief overview of trained immunity in non-immune cells, such as stromal cells and fibroblasts. Finally, we present possible strategies based on trained innate immunity that may help to devise host-directed immunotherapies focusing on cancer, with possible extension to infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Lérias
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eric de Sousa
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - João Martins
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Condeço
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Figueiredo
- Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Carvalho
- Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ernest Dodoo
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Maia
- Molecular and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Molecular and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio Beltrán
- Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dário Ligeiro
- Lisbon Centre for Blood and Transplantation, Instituto Português do Sangue e Transplantação, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martin Rao
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Uprety T, Spurlin BB, Antony L, Sreenivasan C, Young A, Li F, Hildreth MB, Kaushik RS. Development and characterization of a stable bovine intestinal sub-epithelial myofibroblast cell line from ileum of a young calf. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:533-547. [PMID: 31183683 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal sub-epithelial myofibroblasts (ISEMFs) are mesenchymal cells that do not express cytokeratin but express α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin. Despite being cells with diverse functions, there is a paucity of knowledge about their origin and functions primarily due to the absence of a stable cell line. Although myofibroblast in vitro models for human, mouse, and pig are available, there is no ISEMF cell line available from young calves. We isolated and developed an ileal ISEMF cell line from a 2-d-old calf that expressed α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin but no cytokeratin indicating true myofibroblast cells. To overcome replicative senescence, we immortalized primary cells with SV40 large T antigen. We characterized and compared both primary and immortalized ileal ISEMF cells for surface glycan and Toll-like-receptor (TLR) expression by lectin-binding assay and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay respectively. SV40 immortalization significantly decreased surface lectin binding for lectins GSL-I, PHA-L, ECL, Jacalin, Con-A, LCA, and LEL. Both cell types expressed TLRs 1-9 and showed no significant differences in TLR expression. Thus, these cells can be useful in vitro model to study ISEMF's origin, physiology, and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tirth Uprety
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Brionna B Spurlin
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Linto Antony
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Chithra Sreenivasan
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Alan Young
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Michael B Hildreth
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Radhey S Kaushik
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
West NR. Coordination of Immune-Stroma Crosstalk by IL-6 Family Cytokines. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1093. [PMID: 31156640 PMCID: PMC6529849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells are a subject of rapidly growing immunological interest based on their ability to influence virtually all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. Present in every bodily tissue, stromal cells complement the functions of classical immune cells by sensing pathogens and tissue damage, coordinating leukocyte recruitment and function, and promoting immune response resolution and tissue repair. These diverse roles come with a price: like classical immune cells, inappropriate stromal cell behavior can lead to various forms of pathology, including inflammatory disease, tissue fibrosis, and cancer. An important immunological function of stromal cells is to act as information relays, responding to leukocyte-derived signals and instructing leukocyte behavior in kind. In this regard, several members of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine family, including IL-6, IL-11, oncostatin M (OSM), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), have gained recognition as factors that mediate crosstalk between stromal and immune cells, with diverse roles in numerous inflammatory and homeostatic processes. This review summarizes our current understanding of how IL-6 family cytokines control stromal-immune crosstalk in health and disease, and how these interactions can be leveraged for clinical benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R West
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Molina-Tijeras JA, Gálvez J, Rodríguez-Cabezas ME. The Immunomodulatory Properties of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Probiotics: A Novel Approach for the Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1038. [PMID: 31075872 PMCID: PMC6567093 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, included in functional foods, nutritional supplements, or nutraceuticals, exhibit different beneficial effects on gut function. They are extensively used to improve the digestive processes as well as reduce the symptoms and progression of different diseases. Probiotics have shown to improve dysbiosis and modulate the immune response of the host by interacting with different cell types. Probiotics and the host can interact in a direct way, but it is becoming apparent that communication occurs also through extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from probiotics. EVs are key for bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions, since they carry a wide variety of components that can modulate different signaling pathways, including those involved in the immune response. Interestingly, EVs are recently starting to be considered as an alternative to probiotics in those cases for which the use of live bacteria could be dangerous, such as immunocompromised individuals or situations where the intestinal barrier is impaired. EVs can spread through the mucus layer and interact with the host, avoiding the risk of sepsis. This review summarizes the existing knowledge about EVs from different probiotic strains, their properties, and their potential use for the prevention or treatment of different gastrointestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Alberto Molina-Tijeras
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18071-Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada 18012, Spain.
| | - Julio Gálvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18071-Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada 18012, Spain.
| | - Maria Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18071-Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada 18012, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hamada A, Torre C, Drancourt M, Ghigo E. Trained Immunity Carried by Non-immune Cells. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3225. [PMID: 30692968 PMCID: PMC6340064 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
“Trained immunity” is a term proposed by Netea to describe the ability of an organism to develop an exacerbated immunological response to protect against a second infection independent of the adaptative immunity. This immunological memory can last from 1 week to several months and is only described in innate immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells. Paradoxically, the lifespan of these cells in the blood is shorter than the duration of trained immunity. This observation suggested that trained immunity could be carried by long lifespan cells such as stem cells and non-immune cells like fibroblasts. It is now evident that in addition to performing their putative function in the development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, non-immune cells also play an important role in the response to pathogens by producing anti-microbial factors, with long-term inflammation suggesting that non-immune cells can be trained to confer long-lasting immunological memory. This review provides a summary of the current relevant knowledge about the cells which possess immunological memory and discusses the possibility that non-immune cells may carry immunological memory and mechanisms that might be involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attoumani Hamada
- IRD, MEPHI, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Cédric Torre
- IRD, MEPHI, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- IRD, MEPHI, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Ghigo
- IRD, MEPHI, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang S, Miao Z, Yang Q, Wang Y, Zhang J. The Dynamic Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Colon Cancer. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:7628763. [PMID: 30533404 PMCID: PMC6247728 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7628763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is still one of the most common causes of cancer in human and is characterized by lymphocyte infiltrates and originates from the epithelial cells found in the lining of colon or rectum of the gastrointestinal tract. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are composed of the multipotent stem cell group of stroma and can be differentiated as various cell lineages, such as fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. MSCs provide mechanical and structural support and have potential functions during tumor growth and metastasis. The efficacy of MSC-based therapies is partly dependent on the migration and homing of MSCs to tumors and metastatic sites. However, their migratory and engraftment potential is poorly understood. In this review, the characteristics and mechanisms of MSC's dynamic interaction with colon cancer were summarized, particularly the potential functions of MSCs on colon cancer, including its role in improving tumor growth and as a potential candidate for tumor therapy. Understanding MSC homing provides new insights into the manipulation of MSC and the improvement of their efficacy for colon cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Zhiguo Miao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yimin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Jinzhou Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Patel MV, Shen Z, Rossoll RM, Wira CR. Estradiol-regulated innate antiviral responses of human endometrial stromal fibroblasts. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e13042. [PMID: 30295964 PMCID: PMC6275105 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The contribution of fibroblasts to innate immune protection of the human female reproductive tract (FRT) against viral pathogens is relatively unknown. METHOD OF STUDY Endometrial (EM), endocervical (Cx) and ectocervical (ECx) fibroblasts were isolated from hysterectomy patients and grown in vitro. Fibroblasts were treated with the viral mimic poly (I:C) in the presence or absence of the sex hormone estradiol (E2 ), with gene expression measured by real-time RT-PCR and protein secretion by ELISA. RESULTS Poly (I:C) induced the expression of the interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) MxA, OAS2 and APOBEC3G, and the cytokines MCP-1, IL-8, IL-6, CCL20, IFNβ and RANTES by fibroblasts from all three sites. ISG upregulation was dependent upon Type I IFN signaling. E2 inhibited the poly (I:C)-induced upregulation of MxA and OAS2 in EM fibroblasts, but not Cx or ECx fibroblasts. E2 upregulated SDF-1α by EM fibroblasts but had no effect on secretion of other cytokines either alone or in the presence of poly (I:C). Conditioned media (CM) from poly (I:C)-treated or E2 -treated fibroblasts significantly reduced HIV infection of CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSION Stromal fibroblasts represent a level of innate immune protection against viral pathogens in the FRT beyond that seen with epithelial cells and immune cells. Our findings indicate that fibroblasts FRT are selectively responsive to E2 , capable of initiating an antiviral response against viral pathogens and may play a role in preventing HIV infection of CD4+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mickey V. Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Zheng Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Rossoll
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Charles R. Wira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
O'Malley G, Treacy O, Lynch K, Naicker SD, Leonard NA, Lohan P, Dunne PD, Ritter T, Egan LJ, Ryan AE. Stromal Cell PD-L1 Inhibits CD8 + T-cell Antitumor Immune Responses and Promotes Colon Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1426-1441. [PMID: 30228206 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cells of mesenchymal origin reside below the epithelial compartment and provide structural support in the intestine. These intestinal stromal cells interact with both the epithelial cell compartments, as well as infiltrating hematopoietic immune cells. The importance of these cells in regulating immune homeostasis during inflammation is well recognized. However, little is known about their function and phenotype in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Using a syngeneic, immunogenic model of colorectal cancer, we showed that TNFα-initiated inflammatory signaling in CT26 colorectal cancer cells selectively induced PD-L1 expression in stromal cells. Using CD274 shRNA and antibody-mediated approaches, we showed that stromal cell PD-L1 potentiated enhanced immunosuppression, characterized by inhibition of activated CD8+ granzyme B-secreting T cells in vitro, and the inhibition of CD8+ effector cells was associated with enhanced tumor progression. Stromal cell immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting effects could be reversed with administration of anti-PD-1 in vivo We validated our findings of stromal cell CD274 expression in two cohorts of clinical samples and also observed PD-L1 induction on human stromal cells in response to exposure to the inflammatory secretome from human colon cancer cells, irrespective of microsatellite instability. Collectively, our data showed that tumor-associated stromal cells support T-cell suppression by PD-L1 induction, which is dependent on colon cancer inflammatory signaling. Our findings reveal a key role of mesenchymal stromal cells PD-L1 in suppression of CD8+ antitumor immune responses and potentiation of colorectal cancer progression. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(11); 1426-41. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace O'Malley
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Oliver Treacy
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kevin Lynch
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Serika D Naicker
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Niamh A Leonard
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Paul Lohan
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Philip D Dunne
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Ritter
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Laurence J Egan
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Aideen E Ryan
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland. .,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dominguez-Andres J, Netea MG. Long-term reprogramming of the innate immune system. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:329-338. [PMID: 29999546 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0318-104r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last few years, a growing body of evidence has shown that immunological memory is not an exclusive trait of lymphocytes, as many inflammatory insults can alter the functionality and the responsiveness of the innate immune system in the long term. Innate immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells can be influenced by the encounters with inflammatory stimuli, undergoing functional reprogramming and developing changed responses to subsequent chellenges. The long-term reprogramming depends on the rewiring of cell metabolism and epigenetic processes, and they stay at the basis of induction of both innate immune memory (also termed trained immunity) and innate immune tolerance. Here, we review the central role that the effects of this long-term reprogramming of innate immune cells plays in a number of clinically relevant conditions such as vaccination, atherosclerosis, sepsis, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Dominguez-Andres
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
West NR, Owens BMJ, Hegazy AN. The oncostatin M-stromal cell axis in health and disease. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12694. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R. West
- Department of Cancer Immunology; Genentech; South San Francisco California
| | - Benjamin M. J. Owens
- Somerville College; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- EUSA Pharma; Hemel Hempstead UK
| | - Ahmed N. Hegazy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, and Rheumatology; Charité Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum; ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Crowley T, Buckley CD, Clark AR. Stroma: the forgotten cells of innate immune memory. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:24-36. [PMID: 29729109 PMCID: PMC6038004 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All organisms are exposed constantly to a variety of infectious and injurious stimuli. These induce inflammatory responses tailored to the threat posed. While the innate immune system is the front line of response to each stimulant, it has been considered traditionally to lack memory, acting in a generic fashion until the adaptive immune arm can take over. This outmoded simplification of the roles of innate and acquired arms of the immune system has been challenged by evidence of myeloid cells altering their response to subsequent encounters based on earlier exposure. This concept of 'innate immune memory' has been known for nearly a century, and is accepted among myeloid biologists. In recent years other innate immune cells, such as natural killer cells, have been shown to display memory, suggesting that innate immune memory is a trait common to several cell types. During the last 30 years, evidence has slowly accumulated in favour of not only haematopoietic cells, but also stromal cells, being imbued with memory following inflammatory episodes. A recent publication showing this also to be true in epithelial cells suggests innate immune memory to be widespread, if under-appreciated, in non-haematopoietic cells. In this review, we will examine the evidence supporting the existence of innate immune memory in stromal cells. We will also discuss the ramifications of memory in long-lived tissue-resident cells. Finally, we will pose questions we feel to be important in the understanding of these forgotten cells in the field of innate memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Crowley
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - C. D. Buckley
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - A. R. Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Patel MV, Shen Z, Wira CR. Poly (I:C) and LPS induce distinct immune responses by ovarian stromal fibroblasts. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 127:36-42. [PMID: 29758486 PMCID: PMC5991091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite its anatomical location, the ovary is a site of pathogen exposure in the human female reproductive tract (FRT). However, the role of ovarian stromal fibroblasts in immune protection is unclear. We generated a population of ovarian stromal fibroblasts derived from normal human ovaries that expressed the pattern recognition receptors TLR3, TLR4, RIG-I, & MDA5. Poly (I:C) and LPS, respective mimics of viral and bacterial infections, selectively upregulated antiviral gene expression and secretion of chemokines and antimicrobials. Poly (I:C) exclusively stimulated the expression of interferon (IFN) β, IFNλ1, and the IFN-stimulated gene OAS2. Poly (I:C) also significantly increased secretion of elafin, CCL20, and RANTES, but had no effect on SDF-1α. In contrast, LPS had no effect on IFN or ISG expression but significantly increased secretion of RANTES and SDF-1α. Secretions from poly (I:C)-treated fibroblasts had both greater anti-HIV activity and induced higher levels of CD4 + T cell chemotaxis than those from LPS-treated cells. Our studies demonstrate a potential key role for ovarian fibroblasts in innate immune protection against incoming pathogens in the normal ovary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mickey V Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
| | - Zheng Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Charles R Wira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Christoforidou Z, Burt R, Mulder I, Gill BP, Pluske J, Kelly D, Stokes CR, Bailey M, Lewis MC. Development of Immune Cells in the Intestinal Mucosa Can Be Affected by Intensive and Extensive Farm Environments, and Antibiotic Use. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1061. [PMID: 29868021 PMCID: PMC5964130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that exposure to farm environments during childhood can be linked to reductions in the incidence of immune disorders, but generating an appropriate model is difficult. 108 half-sibling piglets were born on either extensive (outdoor) or intensive (indoor) farms: at 1 day old, a subset of piglets from each litter were transferred to a high-hygiene isolator facility to create differences in rearing environment either during birth/first day or during the subsequent 56 days of life. Interactions between CD14, CD16, MHCIIDR, and capillary endothelium were assessed using four-color quantitative fluorescence immunohistology. Effects of birth and rearing environment on the antigen-presenting microenvironment of the proximal and distal jejunum (professional and stromal) were apparent at 5, 28, and 56 days after birth However, effects on CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in the intestinal mucosa were apparent around weaning at 28 days but had disappeared by 56 days. These Tregs were reduced in the isolator piglets compared to their farm-reared siblings, but this effect was less marked in piglets born on the extensive farm and required administration of antibiotics. Our results suggest that there may be at least two windows of opportunity in which different farm environments were influencing immune development: one during the perinatal period (up to the first day of life), and one during later infancy. Furthermore, the differences on Tregs suggest that the effects of early life influences may be particularly critical around weaning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Christoforidou
- Infection and Immunity, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Burt
- Infection and Immunity, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Imke Mulder
- Gut Immunology Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Bhupinder P Gill
- Agricultural and Horticultural Development Board, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - John Pluske
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Denise Kelly
- Gut Immunology Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher R Stokes
- Infection and Immunity, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bailey
- Infection and Immunity, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Marie C Lewis
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Thomson CA, van de Pavert SA, Stakenborg M, Labeeuw E, Matteoli G, Mowat AM, Nibbs RJB. Expression of the Atypical Chemokine Receptor ACKR4 Identifies a Novel Population of Intestinal Submucosal Fibroblasts That Preferentially Expresses Endothelial Cell Regulators. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:215-229. [PMID: 29760193 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are expressed by discrete populations of stromal cells at specific anatomical locations where they control leukocyte migration by scavenging or transporting chemokines. ACKR4 is an atypical receptor for CCL19, CCL21, and CCL25. In skin, ACKR4 plays indispensable roles in regulating CCR7-dependent APC migration, and there is a paucity of migratory APCs in the skin-draining lymph nodes of Ackr4-deficient mice under steady-state and inflammatory conditions. This is caused by loss of ACKR4-mediated CCL19/21 scavenging by keratinocytes and lymphatic endothelial cells. In contrast, we show in this study that Ackr4 deficiency does not affect dendritic cell abundance in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes, at steady state or after R848-induced mobilization. Moreover, Ackr4 expression is largely restricted to mesenchymal cells in the intestine, where it identifies a previously uncharacterized population of fibroblasts residing exclusively in the submucosa. Compared with related Ackr4- mesenchymal cells, these Ackr4+ fibroblasts have elevated expression of genes encoding endothelial cell regulators and lie in close proximity to submucosal blood and lymphatic vessels. We also provide evidence that Ackr4+ fibroblasts form physical interactions with lymphatic endothelial cells, and engage in molecular interactions with these cells via the VEGFD/VEGFR3 and CCL21/ACKR4 pathways. Thus, intestinal submucosal fibroblasts in mice are a distinct population of intestinal mesenchymal cells that can be identified by their expression of Ackr4 and have transcriptional and anatomical properties that strongly suggest roles in endothelial cell regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Thomson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Serge A van de Pavert
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France; and
| | - Michelle Stakenborg
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Catholic University Leuven, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Labeeuw
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Catholic University Leuven, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Catholic University Leuven, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Allan McI Mowat
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and colorectal cancer: a troublesome twosome for the anti-tumour immune response? Oncotarget 2018; 7:60752-60774. [PMID: 27542276 PMCID: PMC5312417 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is an important factor in determining the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer, and can aid tumours by both establishing an immunosuppressive milieu, allowing the tumour avoid immune clearance, and by hampering the efficacy of various therapeutic regimens. The tumour microenvironment is composed of many cell types including tumour, stromal, endothelial and immune cell populations. It is widely accepted that cells present in the TME acquire distinct functional phenotypes that promote tumorigenesis. One such cell type is the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC). Evidence suggests that MSCs exert effects in the colorectal tumour microenvironment including the promotion of angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. MSCs immunomodulatory capacity may represent another largely unexplored central feature of MSCs tumour promoting capacity. There is considerable evidence to suggest that MSCs and their secreted factors can influence the innate and adaptive immune responses. MSC-immune cell interactions can skew the proliferation and functional activity of T-cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and macrophages, which could favour tumour growth and enable tumours to evade immune cell clearance. A better understanding of the interactions between the malignant cancer cell and stromal components of the TME is key to the development of more specific and efficacious therapies for colorectal cancer. Here, we review and explore MSC- mediated mechanisms of suppressing anti-tumour immune responses in the colon tumour microenvironment. Elucidation of the precise mechanism of immunomodulation exerted by tumour-educated MSCs is critical to inhibiting immunosuppression and immune evasion established by the TME, thus providing an opportunity for targeted and efficacious immunotherapy for colorectal cancer growth and metastasis.
Collapse
|
31
|
Intestinal Stem Cell Niche: The Extracellular Matrix and Cellular Components. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7970385. [PMID: 28835755 PMCID: PMC5556610 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7970385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium comprises a monolayer of polarised columnar cells organised along the crypt-villus axis. Intestinal stem cells reside at the base of crypts and are constantly nourished by their surrounding niche for maintenance, self-renewal, and differentiation. The cellular microenvironment including the adjacent Paneth cells, stromal cells, smooth muscle cells, and neural cells as well as the extracellular matrix together constitute the intestinal stem cell niche. A dynamic regulatory network exists among the epithelium, stromal cells, and the matrix via complex signal transduction to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of these biological or mechanical signals could potentially lead to intestinal injury and disease. In this review, we discuss the role of different intestinal stem cell niche components and dissect the interaction between dynamic matrix factors and regulatory signalling during intestinal stem cell homeostasis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages in inflammatory bowel disease and associated colorectal cancer. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2017; 21:91-97. [PMID: 28947877 PMCID: PMC5611497 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2017.68616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive seed cells for immunotherapy, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation abilities, diverse immunoregulatory functions and ease of isolation from a wide range of tissues. MSCs exert their immunoregulatory effect on immune cells via cell-to-cell contact and paracrine mechanisms. In turn, MSCs can also be modulated by immune cells. Macrophages are constantly present in the mucosa of the intestinal tract of mammals and play an important role in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by idiopathic mucosal inflammation. The increased morbidity and mortality of IBD have made it a disease hard to cure in the clinic. MSCs have emerged as an important tool for IBD therapy due to their abilities to differentiate into enterocyte-like cells and regulate inflammatory cells, especially macrophages. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the interaction between MSCs and macrophages in diseases, with an emphasis on IBD. We propose that an optimized MSC-based therapy would provide a novel strategy for the treatment of IBD and the prevention of IBD-associated colorectal cancer (CRC).
Collapse
|
33
|
West NR, Hegazy AN, Owens BMJ, Bullers SJ, Linggi B, Buonocore S, Coccia M, Görtz D, This S, Stockenhuber K, Pott J, Friedrich M, Ryzhakov G, Baribaud F, Brodmerkel C, Cieluch C, Rahman N, Müller-Newen G, Owens RJ, Kühl AA, Maloy KJ, Plevy SE, Keshav S, Travis SPL, Powrie F. Oncostatin M drives intestinal inflammation and predicts response to tumor necrosis factor-neutralizing therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Med 2017; 23:579-589. [PMID: 28368383 PMCID: PMC5420447 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are complex chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract that are driven by perturbed cytokine pathways. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) antibodies are mainstay therapies for IBD. However, up to 40% of patients are nonresponsive to anti-TNF agents, which makes the identification of alternative therapeutic targets a priority. Here we show that, relative to healthy controls, inflamed intestinal tissues from patients with IBD express high amounts of the cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) and its receptor (OSMR), which correlate closely with histopathological disease severity. The OSMR is expressed in nonhematopoietic, nonepithelial intestinal stromal cells, which respond to OSM by producing various proinflammatory molecules, including interleukin (IL)-6, the leukocyte adhesion factor ICAM1, and chemokines that attract neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells. In an animal model of anti-TNF-resistant intestinal inflammation, genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of OSM significantly attenuates colitis. Furthermore, according to an analysis of more than 200 patients with IBD, including two cohorts from phase 3 clinical trials of infliximab and golimumab, high pretreatment expression of OSM is strongly associated with failure of anti-TNF therapy. OSM is thus a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for IBD, and has particular relevance for anti-TNF-resistant patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R. West
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ahmed N. Hegazy
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Bryan Linggi
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Sofia Buonocore
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Margherita Coccia
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dieter Görtz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sébastien This
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Krista Stockenhuber
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Johanna Pott
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Grigory Ryzhakov
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Constanze Cieluch
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Nahid Rahman
- OPPF-UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Raymond J. Owens
- OPPF-UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anja A. Kühl
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin J. Maloy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Satish Keshav
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon P. L. Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nowarski R, Jackson R, Flavell RA. The Stromal Intervention: Regulation of Immunity and Inflammation at the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Barrier. Cell 2017; 168:362-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
35
|
Barone F, Gardner DH, Nayar S, Steinthal N, Buckley CD, Luther SA. Stromal Fibroblasts in Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: A Novel Target in Chronic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:477. [PMID: 27877173 PMCID: PMC5100680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are organized aggregates of lymphocytes, myeloid, and stromal cells that provide ectopic hubs for acquired immune responses. TLS share phenotypical and functional features with secondary lymphoid organs (SLO); however, they require persistent inflammatory signals to arise and are often observed at target sites of autoimmune disease, chronic infection, cancer, and organ transplantation. Over the past 10 years, important progress has been made in our understanding of the role of stromal fibroblasts in SLO development, organization, and function. A complex and stereotyped series of events regulate fibroblast differentiation from embryonic life in SLOs to lymphoid organ architecture observed in adults. In contrast, TLS-associated fibroblasts differentiate from postnatal, locally activated mesenchyme, predominantly in settings of inflammation and persistent antigen presentation. Therefore, there are critical differences in the cellular and molecular requirements that regulate SLO versus TLS development that ultimately impact on stromal and hematopoietic cell function. These differences may contribute to the pathogenic nature of TLS in the context of chronic inflammation and malignant transformation and offer a window of opportunity for therapeutic interventions in TLS associated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Barone
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - David H Gardner
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Saba Nayar
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Nathalie Steinthal
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sailaja BS, He XC, Li L. The regulatory niche of intestinal stem cells. J Physiol 2016; 594:4827-36. [PMID: 27060879 DOI: 10.1113/jp271931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The niche constitutes a unique category of cells that support the microenvironment for the maintenance and self-renewal of stem cells. Intestinal stem cells reside at the base of the crypt, which contains adjacent epithelial cells, stromal cells and smooth muscle cells, and soluble and cell-associated growth and differentiation factors. We summarize here recent advances in our understanding of the crucial role of the niche in regulating stem cells. The stem cell niche maintains a balance among quiescence, proliferation and regeneration of intestinal stem cells after injury. Mesenchymal cells, Paneth cells, immune cells, endothelial cells and neural cells are important regulatory components that secrete niche ligands, growth factors and cytokines. Intestinal homeostasis is regulated by niche signalling pathways, specifically Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein, Notch and epidermal growth factor. These insights into the regulatory stem cell niche during homeostasis and post-injury regeneration offer the potential to accelerate development of therapies for intestine-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Badi Sri Sailaja
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Xi C He
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Linheng Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66101, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ratanasirintrawoot S, Israsena N. Stem Cells in the Intestine: Possible Roles in Pathogenesis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 22:367-82. [PMID: 27184041 PMCID: PMC4930294 DOI: 10.5056/jnm16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders that significantly impair quality of life in patients. Current available treatments are still not effective and the pathophysiology of this condition remains unclearly defined. Recently, research on intestinal stem cells has greatly advanced our understanding of various GI disorders. Alterations in conserved stem cell regulatory pathways such as Notch, Wnt, and bone morphogenic protein/TGF-β have been well documented in diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. Interaction between intestinal stem cells and various signals from their environment is important for the control of stem cell self-renewal, regulation of number and function of specific intestinal cell types, and maintenance of the mucosal barrier. Besides their roles in stem cell regulation, these signals are also known to have potent effects on immune cells, enteric nervous system and secretory cells in the gut, and may be responsible for various aspects of pathogenesis of functional GI disorders, including visceral hypersensitivity, altered gut motility and low grade gut inflammation. In this article, we briefly summarize the components of these signaling pathways, how they can be modified by extrinsic factors and novel treatments, and provide evidenced support of their roles in the inflammation processes. Furthermore, we propose how changes in these signals may contribute to the symptom development and pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sutheera Ratanasirintrawoot
- Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nipan Israsena
- Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|