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Pinelli M, Makdissi S, Scur M, Parsons BD, Baker K, Otley A, MacIntyre B, Nguyen HD, Kim PK, Stadnyk AW, Di Cara F. Peroxisomal cholesterol metabolism regulates yap-signaling, which maintains intestinal epithelial barrier function and is altered in Crohn's disease. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:536. [PMID: 39069546 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells line the luminal surface to establish the intestinal barrier, where the cells play essential roles in the digestion of food, absorption of nutrients and water, protection from microbial infections, and maintaining symbiotic interactions with the commensal microbial populations. Maintaining and coordinating all these functions requires tight regulatory signaling, which is essential for intestinal homeostasis and organismal health. Dysfunction of intestinal epithelial cells, indeed, is linked to gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and gluten-related enteropathies. Emerging evidence suggests that peroxisome metabolic functions are crucial in maintaining intestinal epithelial cell functions and intestinal epithelium regeneration and, therefore, homeostasis. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which peroxisome metabolism impacts enteric health using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and murine model organisms and clinical samples. We show that peroxisomes control cellular cholesterol, which in turn regulates the conserved yes-associated protein-signaling and contributes to intestinal epithelial structure and epithelial barrier function. Moreover, analysis of intestinal organoid cultures derived from biopsies of patients affected by Crohn's Disease revealed that the dysregulation of peroxisome number, excessive cellular cholesterol, and inhibition of Yap-signaling are markers of disease and could be novel diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets for treating Crohn's Disease. Our studies provided mechanistic insights on peroxisomal signaling in intestinal epithelial cell functions and identified cholesterol as a novel metabolic regulator of yes-associated protein-signaling in tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinella Pinelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Stephanie Makdissi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Michal Scur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Brendon D Parsons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kristi Baker
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anthony Otley
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Brad MacIntyre
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Huong D Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Peter K Kim
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew W Stadnyk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Francesca Di Cara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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2
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Migdanis A, Migdanis I, Gkogkou ND, Papadopoulou SK, Giaginis C, Manouras A, Polyzou Konsta MA, Kosti RI, Oikonomou KA, Argyriou K, Potamianos S, Kapsoritakis A. The Relationship of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet with Disease Activity and Quality of Life in Crohn's Disease Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1106. [PMID: 39064535 PMCID: PMC11279084 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60071106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Emerging evidence is placing the Mediterranean diet (MD) in the spotlight as a potential dietary model that could benefit inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in terms of prevention and progress of the disease. The main aim of the present study is to shed some light on the relationship between the adherence to the MD and the degree of disease activity, as well as the quality of life in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Materials and Methods: An administered questionnaire was used to assess and record a number of parameters, including recent medical and weight history, anthropometric characteristics, disease activity (in remission or active disease), and quality of life of both male and female CD patients. Moreover, the level of compliance of the participants to the Mediterranean diet model was evaluated and its relationship with disease activity and quality of life was investigated. Results: Adherence to the MD was significantly higher in patients with inactive disease than in those with active disease (p = 0.019). According to the correlation analysis conducted, adherence to the MD was negatively correlated with disease activity (p = 0.039) and positively correlated with quality of life (QoL) (p = 0.046) of the participants. Intake of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products was significantly higher in remission patients (p = 0.046, p = 0.001, p = 0.041, respectively). Conclusions: We conclude, according to the findings of the study, that adherence to the MD is associated with disease activity and QoL in patients with CD. Future research should focus on MD intervention studies on IBD patients in order to assess its effect on modulating disease activity/course and related inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Migdanis
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, University of Thessaly, Argonafton 1C, 42132 Trikala, Greece; (I.M.); (A.M.); (R.I.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Viopolis Mezourlo, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (S.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Ioannis Migdanis
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, University of Thessaly, Argonafton 1C, 42132 Trikala, Greece; (I.M.); (A.M.); (R.I.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Viopolis Mezourlo, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (S.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Nikoleta D. Gkogkou
- MSc Program Nutrition in Health and Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Viopolis Mezourlo, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Nea Moudania, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Manouras
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, University of Thessaly, Argonafton 1C, 42132 Trikala, Greece; (I.M.); (A.M.); (R.I.K.)
| | | | - Rena I. Kosti
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, University of Thessaly, Argonafton 1C, 42132 Trikala, Greece; (I.M.); (A.M.); (R.I.K.)
| | - Konstantinos A. Oikonomou
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Viopolis Mezourlo, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (K.A.O.); (K.A.)
| | - Konstantinos Argyriou
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Viopolis Mezourlo, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (K.A.O.); (K.A.)
| | - Spyridon Potamianos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Viopolis Mezourlo, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (S.P.); (A.K.)
- MSc Program Nutrition in Health and Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Viopolis Mezourlo, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Viopolis Mezourlo, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (K.A.O.); (K.A.)
| | - Andreas Kapsoritakis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Viopolis Mezourlo, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (S.P.); (A.K.)
- MSc Program Nutrition in Health and Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Viopolis Mezourlo, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Viopolis Mezourlo, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (K.A.O.); (K.A.)
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3
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Vivacqua G, Mancinelli R, Leone S, Vaccaro R, Garro L, Carotti S, Ceci L, Onori P, Pannarale L, Franchitto A, Gaudio E, Casini A. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: A possible connection between intestinal inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14780. [PMID: 38462652 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different studies have shown the key role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders, as well as in neurodegenerative diseases. ER stress leads to the formation of misfolded proteins which affect the secretion of different cell types that are crucial for the intestinal homeostasis. PURPOSE In this review, we discuss the role of ER stress and its involvement in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic conditions that can cause severe damage of the gastrointestinal tract, focusing on the alteration of Paneth cells and goblet cells (the principal secretory phenotypes of the intestinal epithelial cells). ER stress is also discussed in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, in which protein misfolding represents the signature mechanism. ER stress in the bowel and consequent accumulation of misfolded proteins might represent a bridge between bowel inflammation and neurodegeneration along the gut-to-brain axis, affecting intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the equilibrium of the commensal microbiota. Targeting intestinal ER stress could foster future studies for designing new biomarkers and new therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Vivacqua
- Integrated Research Center (PRAAB), Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Leone
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Vaccaro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Garro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carotti
- Integrated Research Center (PRAAB), Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Pannarale
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Franchitto
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Casini
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Wheeler AE, Stoeger V, Owens RM. Lab-on-chip technologies for exploring the gut-immune axis in metabolic disease. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1266-1292. [PMID: 38226866 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00877k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The continued rise in metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus poses a global health burden, necessitating further research into factors implicated in the onset and progression of these diseases. Recently, the gut-immune axis, with diet as a main regulator, has been identified as a possible role player in their development. Translation of conventional 2D in vitro and animal models is however limited, while human studies are expensive and preclude individual mechanisms from being investigated. Lab-on-chip technology therefore offers an attractive new avenue to study gut-immune interactions. This review provides an overview of the influence of diet on gut-immune interactions in metabolic diseases and a critical analysis of the current state of lab-on-chip technology to study this axis. While there has been progress in the development of "immuno-competent" intestinal lab-on-chip models, with studies showing the ability of the technology to provide mechanical cues, support longer-term co-culture of microbiota and maintain in vivo-like oxygen gradients, platforms which combine all three and include intestinal and immune cells are still lacking. Further, immune cell types and inclusion of microenvironment conditions which enable in vivo-like immune cell dynamics as well as host-microbiome interactions are limited. Future model development should focus on combining these conditions to create an environment capable of hosting more complex microbiota and immune cells to allow further study into the effects of diet and related metabolites on the gut-immune ecosystem and their role in the prevention and development of metabolic diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Wheeler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Verena Stoeger
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, UK.
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5
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Mabeza RM, Vadlakonda A, Chervu N, Ebrahimian S, Sakowitz S, Yetasook A, Benharash P. Short-term outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a national analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2024; 20:146-152. [PMID: 38030456 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While considered standard of care for obesity management, bariatric surgery is uncommon in patients with co-morbid inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to assess the association of IBD with postoperative outcomes and resource use following bariatric surgery. SETTING Academic, university-affiliated; United States. METHODS All elective adult hospitalizations for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) were identified in the 2016-2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Patients were classified based on diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD). Multivariable regression models were developed to evaluate the association of IBD with outcomes of interest. RESULTS Of an estimated 719,270 eligible patients, 860 and 1214 comprised the UC and CD cohorts, respectively. Compared to non-IBD, UC and CD had a higher Elixhauser comorbidity index (UC: 3.0 ± 1.4; CD: 3.1 ± 1.5; non-IBD: 2.7 ± 1.4, P < .001) and more frequently underwent sleeve gastrectomy (UC: 77.5%; CD: 83.2%; non-IBD: 68.8%, P < .001). All IBD patients survived to discharge. After adjustment, IBD was not associated with significant differences in most clinical outcomes analyzed. UC (adjusted odds ratio: 2.86; 95% confidence interval: 1.14-7.13) and CD (adjusted odds ratio: 4.40; 95% confidence interval: 2.20-8.80) were associated with increased odds of gastric outlet obstruction after RYGB but not sleeve gastrectomy. CD, but not UC, was linked to significantly higher odds of small bowel obstruction following RYGB (adjusted odds ratio: 4.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.76-11.49). There was no difference in index LOS, hospitalization costs, or odds of 30-day readmission based on IBD. CONCLUSIONS Patients with obesity and IBD faced low rates of adverse outcomes following bariatric surgery. There is an increased risk of gastrointestinal obstruction for patients with IBD undergoing RYGB. Given its safety profile, bariatric surgery can be utilized as a weight loss intervention for the growing proportion of patients with obesity and co-morbid IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russyan Mark Mabeza
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Amulya Vadlakonda
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nikhil Chervu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shayan Ebrahimian
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sara Sakowitz
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amy Yetasook
- Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Peyman Benharash
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
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6
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Alharbi SH. Anti-inflammatory role of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and its clinical implications. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2024; 15:20420188231222367. [PMID: 38288136 PMCID: PMC10823863 DOI: 10.1177/20420188231222367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents with potent anti-inflammatory properties and diverse clinical implications. This in-depth review article explores the mechanisms behind the anti-inflammatory actions of GLP-1RAs and assesses their prospective applicability in a wide range of disease scenarios. The current review establishes the significance of comprehending the anti-inflammatory role of GLP-1RAs and identifies pertinent research gaps. A concise overview of inflammation and its clinical consequences underscores the critical need for effective anti-inflammatory interventions. Subsequently, the article elucidates the intricate mechanisms through which GLP-1RAs modulate immune cell signaling and regulate the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Detailed discussions encompass their impact on inflammatory responses, cytokine production, and attenuation of oxidative stress. The exposition is substantiated by a collection of pertinent examples and an extensive array of references from both preclinical and clinical investigations. The historical trajectory of GLP-1RA drugs, including exenatide, lixisenatide, liraglutide, and semaglutide, is traced to delineate their development as therapeutic agents. Moreover, the review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of GLP-1RAs in specific disease contexts like type 2 diabetes, a neurodegenerative disorder, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), shedding light on their anti-inflammatory effects through rigorous examination of preclinical and clinical studies. The article also provides an outlook on future perspectives for GLP-1RAs, encompassing the domains of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and IBD. In conclusion, GLP-1RAs exhibit substantial anti-inflammatory effects, rendering them promising therapeutic agents with broad clinical implications. They are very useful in a wide variety of diseases because they regulate immunological responses, block NF-κB activation, and decrease production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Ongoing research endeavors aim to optimize their therapeutic use, delineate patient-specific treatment paradigms, and explore novel therapeutic applications. GLP-1RAs represent a significant breakthrough in anti-inflammatory therapy, offering novel treatment options, and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Hadi Alharbi
- Department of Medicine, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11652, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Mostafa I, Hasan SMT, Gazi MA, Alam MA, Fahim SM, Saqeeb KN, Ahmed T. Alteration of stool pH and its association with biomarkers of gut enteropathy among slum-dwelling women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:661. [PMID: 38071298 PMCID: PMC10710701 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that measures of maternal gut enteropathy are associated with unfavorable fetal outcomes. It is, therefore, crucial to identify and treat the features of intestinal enteropathy among reproductive-age women living in areas where enteropathy is highly prevalent. However, there is a lack of non-invasive diagnostic tests to determine EED, making it difficult to identify the disease in field settings. In this study, we tested the potential of fecal pH as a biomarker of gut enteropathy and investigated its relationship with fecal biomarkers of intestinal enteropathy in reproductive-age women living in resource-limited environments. METHODS Data on socio-demographic information, anthropometry, and biological samples were collected from 78 apparently healthy women aged between 20 and 27 years from November 2018 to December 2019. The association of stool pH with two fecal biomarkers of gut enteropathy (i.e., intestinal alkaline phosphatase [IAP] and fecal lipocalin-2 [LCN-2] was investigated using multiple linear regression models after adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS In the adjusted models, alkaline stool pH (pH > 7.2) was found to be significantly associated with a decrease in the fecal IAP level by 1.05 unit (95% CI: -1.68, -0.42; p < 0.001) in the log scale, and acidic stool pH (pH < 6) was found to be significantly associated with an increase in the fecal LCN-2 level by 0.89 units (95% CI: 0.12, 1.67; p < 0.025) in the log scale. CONCLUSIONS The study findings demonstrated an association of fecal pH with biomarkers of gut enteropathy indicating its applicability as a simple tool for understanding intestinal enteropathy among reproductive-age women living in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Mostafa
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - S M Tafsir Hasan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Amran Gazi
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Mohammad Fahim
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Nazmus Saqeeb
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
- Office of the Executive Director, icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
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8
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Knezevic E, Nenic K, Milanovic V, Knezevic NN. The Role of Cortisol in Chronic Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Psychological Disorders. Cells 2023; 12:2726. [PMID: 38067154 PMCID: PMC10706127 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortisol, a critical glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes. Its release is finely orchestrated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, governing the circadian rhythm and activating the intricate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a vital neuroendocrine system responsible for stress response and maintaining homeostasis. Disruptions in cortisol regulation due to chronic stress, disease, and aging have profound implications for multiple bodily systems. Animal models have been instrumental in elucidating these complex cortisol dynamics during stress, shedding light on the interplay between physiological, neuroendocrine, and immune factors in the stress response. These models have also revealed the impact of various stressors, including social hierarchies, highlighting the role of social factors in cortisol regulation. Moreover, chronic stress is closely linked to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, driven by excessive cortisol production and HPA axis dysregulation, along with neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. The relationship between cortisol dysregulation and major depressive disorder is complex, characterized by HPA axis hyperactivity and chronic inflammation. Lastly, chronic pain is associated with abnormal cortisol patterns that heighten pain sensitivity and susceptibility. Understanding these multifaceted mechanisms and their effects is essential, as they offer insights into potential interventions to mitigate the detrimental consequences of chronic stress and cortisol dysregulation in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Knezevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; (E.K.); (K.N.); (V.M.)
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Katarina Nenic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; (E.K.); (K.N.); (V.M.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Vladislav Milanovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; (E.K.); (K.N.); (V.M.)
- College of Medicine Rockford, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; (E.K.); (K.N.); (V.M.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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9
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Nery Neto JADO, Yariwake VY, Câmara NOS, Andrade-Oliveira V. Enteroendocrine cells and gut hormones as potential targets in the crossroad of the gut-kidney axis communication. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1248757. [PMID: 37927592 PMCID: PMC10620747 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1248757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that disruptions in intestinal homeostasis, such as changes in gut microbiota composition, infection, and inflammatory-related gut diseases, can be associated with kidney diseases. For instance, genomic investigations highlight how susceptibility genes linked to IgA nephropathy are also correlated with the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Conversely, investigations demonstrate that the use of short-chain fatty acids, produced through fermentation by intestinal bacteria, protects kidney function in models of acute and chronic kidney diseases. Thus, the dialogue between the gut and kidney seems to be crucial in maintaining their proper function, although the factors governing this crosstalk are still emerging as the field evolves. In recent years, a series of studies have highlighted the significance of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) which are part of the secretory lineage of the gut epithelial cells, as important components in gut-kidney crosstalk. EECs are distributed throughout the epithelial layer and release more than 20 hormones in response to microenvironment stimuli. Interestingly, some of these hormones and/or their pathways such as Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1), GLP-2, gastrin, and somatostatin have been shown to exert renoprotective effects. Therefore, the present review explores the role of EECs and their hormones as regulators of gut-kidney crosstalk and their potential impact on kidney diseases. This comprehensive exploration underscores the substantial contribution of EEC hormones in mediating gut-kidney communication and their promising potential for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Arimatéa de Oliveira Nery Neto
- Bernardo’s Lab, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Yuji Yariwake
- Bernardo’s Lab, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Andrade-Oliveira
- Bernardo’s Lab, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hu C, Liao S, Lv L, Li C, Mei Z. Intestinal Immune Imbalance is an Alarm in the Development of IBD. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:1073984. [PMID: 37554552 PMCID: PMC10406561 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1073984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune regulation plays a crucial role in human health and disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapse bowel disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Clinical treatments for IBD are limited and inefficient. However, the pathogenesis of immune-mediated IBD remains unclear. This review describes the activation of innate and adaptive immune functions by intestinal immune cells to regulate intestinal immune balance and maintain intestinal mucosal integrity. Changes in susceptible genes, autophagy, energy metabolism, and other factors interact in a complex manner with the immune system, eventually leading to intestinal immune imbalance and the onset of IBD. These events indicate that intestinal immune imbalance is an alarm for IBD development, further opening new possibilities for the unprecedented development of immunotherapy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shengtao Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Chuanfei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zhechuan Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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11
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Surdea-Blaga T, Ismaiel A, Jaaouani A, Leucuta DC, Elsayed A, Ismaiel M, Ben Ameur I, Al Srouji N, Popa SL, Grad S, Ensar D, Dumitrascu DL. Adiponectin Levels in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis 2023; 41:860-871. [PMID: 37385235 DOI: 10.1159/000531614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipose tissue plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions. The role of adipokines in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been evaluated in the current literature with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate adiponectin levels in IBD patients, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), compared to controls, as well as further subgroup analyses. Hence, assessing the potential role of adiponectin as a surrogate marker. METHODS We performed a systematic electronic search on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, including observational or interventional studies evaluating serum or plasma adiponectin levels in IBD patients in humans. The primary summary outcome was the mean difference (MD) in serum or plasma adiponectin levels between IBD patients versus controls. Subgroup analyses were conducted involving adiponectin levels in CD and UC compared to controls, as well as CD compared to UC. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included in our qualitative synthesis and 14 studies in our quantitative synthesis, with a total population sample of 2,085 subjects. No significant MD in serum adiponectin levels was observed between IBD patients versus controls {-1.331 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.135-0.472)}, UC patients versus controls (-0.213 [95% CI: -1.898-1.472]), and CD patients versus controls (-0.851 [95% CI: -2.263-0.561]). Nevertheless, a significant MD was found between UC patients versus CD patients (0.859 [95% CI: 0.097-1.622]). CONCLUSIONS Serum adiponectin levels were not able to differentiate between IBD, UC, and CD patients compared to controls. However, significantly higher serum adiponectin levels were observed in UC compared to CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Surdea-Blaga
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Abdulrahman Ismaiel
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ayman Jaaouani
- Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel-Corneliu Leucuta
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Abdalla Elsayed
- Department of Internal Medicine, County Emergency Hospital Ilfov, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mohamed Ismaiel
- Department of General Surgery, Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Inès Ben Ameur
- Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nahlah Al Srouji
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefan-Lucian Popa
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Grad
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dilara Ensar
- Department of Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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12
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Shon WJ, Song JW, Oh SH, Lee KH, Seong H, You HJ, Seong JK, Shin DM. Gut taste receptor type 1 member 3 is an intrinsic regulator of Western diet-induced intestinal inflammation. BMC Med 2023; 21:165. [PMID: 37118698 PMCID: PMC10148556 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02848-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term intake of a Western diet (WD), characterized by a high-fat content and sugary drinks, is hypothesized to contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite the identified clinical association, the molecular mechanisms by which dietary changes contribute to IBD development remain unknown. Therefore, we examined the influence of long-term intake of a WD on intestinal inflammation and the mechanisms by which WD intake affects IBD development. METHODS Mice fed normal diet or WD for 10 weeks, and bowel inflammation was evaluated through pathohistological and infiltrated inflammatory cell assessments. To understand the role of intestinal taste receptor type 1 member 3 (TAS1R3) in WD-induced intestinal inflammation, cultured enteroendocrine cells harboring TAS1R3, subjected to RNA interference or antagonist treatment, and Tas1r3-deficient mice were used. RNA-sequencing, flow cytometry, 16S metagenomic sequencing, and bioinformatics analyses were performed to examine the involved mechanisms. To demonstrate their clinical relevance, intestinal biopsies from patients with IBD and mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis were analyzed. RESULTS Our study revealed for the first time that intestinal TAS1R3 is a critical mediator of WD-induced intestinal inflammation. WD-fed mice showed marked TAS1R3 overexpression with hallmarks of serious bowel inflammation. Conversely, mice lacking TAS1R3 failed to exhibit inflammatory responses to WD. Mechanistically, intestinal transcriptome analysis revealed that Tas1r3 deficiency suppressed mTOR signaling, significantly increasing the expression of PPARγ (a major mucosal defense enhancer) and upregulating the expression of PPARγ target-gene (tight junction protein and antimicrobial peptide). The gut microbiota of Tas1r3-deficient mice showed expansion of butyrate-producing Clostridia. Moreover, an increased expression of host PPARγ-signaling pathway proteins was positively correlated with butyrate-producing microbes, suggesting that intestinal TAS1R3 regulates the relationship between host metabolism and gut microflora in response to dietary factors. In cultured intestinal cells, regulation of the TAS1R3-mTOR-PPARγ axis was critical for triggering an inflammatory response via proinflammatory cytokine production and secretion. Abnormal regulation of the axis was observed in patients with IBD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the TAS1R3-mTOR-PPARγ axis in the gut links Western diet consumption with intestinal inflammation and is a potential therapeutic target for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jeong Shon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University College of Human Ecology, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Won Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University College of Human Ecology, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University College of Human Ecology, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Hee Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University College of Human Ecology, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hobin Seong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University College of Human Ecology, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju You
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University College of Human Ecology, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Mian A, Khan S. Systematic review: Outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and de-novo IBD development after bariatric surgery. Surgeon 2023; 21:e71-e77. [PMID: 35660070 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A large proportion of patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease are obese. Outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with IBD and on IBD disease course itself is not clear. Furthermore, there is some evidence that bariatric surgery can precipitate the development of de-novo IBD. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to summarise the evidence from the literature surrounding these questions. A comprehensive literature review was conducted based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines (PRISMA). PUBMED, and MEDLINE databases was searched using a combination of keywords and MeSH terms including "gastric bypass", "sleeve gastrectomy", "Roux-en-Y", "Duodenal switch", "RYGB", "bariatric surgery" and "inflammatory bowel disease", "Crohn's disease" ,"Ulcerative colitis". Studies published up to March 2020 were included in this analysis. 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies revealed that bariatric surgery is safe and effective for patients with IBD and resulted in significant weight loss at both the 6-month and 12-month time points. Furthermore, multiple studies reported de-novo IBD development following bariatric surgery in a selection of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areeb Mian
- Department of Surgery, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Shujhat Khan
- Department of Surgery, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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14
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Kim JH, Oh CM, Yoo JH. Obesity and novel management of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1779-1794. [PMID: 37032724 PMCID: PMC10080699 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i12.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is prevalent within the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) population, particularly in newly developed countries. Several epidemiological studies have suggested that 15%-40% of IBD patients are obese, and there is a potential role of obesity in the pathogenesis of IBD. The dysfunction of mesenteric fat worsens the inflammatory course of Crohn’s disease and may induce formation of strictures or fistulas. Furthermore, obesity may affect the disease course or treatment response of IBD. Given the increasing data supporting the pathophysiologic and epidemiologic relationship between obesity and IBD, obesity control is being suggested as a novel management for IBD. Therefore, this review aimed to describe the influence of obesity on the outcomes of IBD treatment and to present the current status of pharmacologic or surgical anti-obesity treatments in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, South Korea
| | - Chang-Myung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 62465, South Korea
| | - Jun Hwan Yoo
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, South Korea
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, South Korea
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15
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Aggarwal M, Garg R, Parthasarthy G, Nowacki AS, Padival R, McCullough A, Qazi T, Click B, Rieder F, Cohen BL. Crohn's Disease Is Associated with Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:1006-1015. [PMID: 35731428 PMCID: PMC10022843 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation in IBD is postulated to drive NAFLD progression from steatosis to fibrosis. AIMS To study the histopathological spectrum of NAFLD in Crohn disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Patients with biopsy proven NAFLD at a quaternary center from 2008 to 2018 were included in this retrospective analysis. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) diagnosed either clinically and/or endoscopically at the time of liver biopsy. Multivariable regression and propensity score (PS) weighted analysis were conducted. Statistical analysis were performed using SAS statistical software. RESULTS Among 1009 patients with NAFLD a diagnosis of IBD was identified in 50 cases (34 CD and 16 UC). On multivariable analysis; CD was independently associated with significantly higher odds of advanced fibrosis (AF) on liver biopsy (adjusted OR = 4.09, 95% CI = 1.40-11.94) compared to NAFLD patients without IBD. Similar results were obtained with both the overlap PS weighted model (OR = 3.17, 95% CI = 1.55-6.49) and the PS matched model (OR = 3.49, 95% CI = 1.50-8.13). CONCLUSION In a large cohort of patients with histologically well characterized NAFLD, AF was more common in CD patients than NAFLD patients without IBD. These findings must be confirmed in a larger cohort, but suggest CD patients with NAFLD could be at greater risk for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Aggarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A3-208, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Rajat Garg
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Amy S Nowacki
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ruthvik Padival
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Intermountain Health, Murray, UT, USA
| | - Arthur McCullough
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Taha Qazi
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Click
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin L Cohen
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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16
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Bianconi A, Salvati LF, Perrelli A, Ferraris C, Massara A, Minardi M, Aruta G, Rosso M, Massa Micon B, Garbossa D, Retta SF. Distant Recurrence of a Cerebral Cavernous Malformation in the Vicinity of a Developmental Venous Anomaly: Case Report of Local Oxy-Inflammatory Events. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314643. [PMID: 36498972 PMCID: PMC9736411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are a major type of cerebrovascular lesions of proven genetic origin that occur in either sporadic (sCCM) or familial (fCCM) forms, the latter being inherited as an autosomal dominant condition linked to loss-of-function mutations in three known CCM genes. In contrast to fCCMs, sCCMs are rarely linked to mutations in CCM genes and are instead commonly and peculiarly associated with developmental venous anomalies (DVAs), suggesting distinct origins and common pathogenic mechanisms. CASE REPORT A hemorrhagic sCCM in the right frontal lobe of the brain was surgically excised from a symptomatic 3 year old patient, preserving intact and pervious the associated DVA. MRI follow-up examination performed periodically up to 15 years after neurosurgery intervention demonstrated complete removal of the CCM lesion and no residual or relapse signs. However, 18 years after surgery, the patient experienced acute episodes of paresthesia due to a distant recurrence of a new hemorrhagic CCM lesion located within the same area as the previous one. A new surgical intervention was, therefore, necessary, which was again limited to the CCM without affecting the pre-existing DVA. Subsequent follow-up examination by contrast-enhanced MRI evidenced a persistent pattern of signal-intensity abnormalities in the bed of the DVA, including hyperintense gliotic areas, suggesting chronic inflammatory conditions. CONCLUSIONS This case report highlights the possibility of long-term distant recurrence of hemorrhagic sCCMs associated with a DVA, suggesting that such recurrence is secondary to focal sterile inflammatory conditions generated by the DVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianconi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, City of Health and Science and University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Orbassano, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.F.R.)
| | | | - Andrea Perrelli
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10124 Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14602, USA
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10124 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Armando Massara
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, City of Health and Science and University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Minardi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, City of Health and Science and University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Aruta
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, City of Health and Science and University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Miriam Rosso
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, City of Health and Science and University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Massa Micon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, City of Health and Science and University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, City of Health and Science and University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10124 Orbassano, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.F.R.)
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Li C, Liu X, Huang Z, Zhai Y, Li H, Wu J. Lactoferrin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Infantile Intestinal Immune Barrier Damage by Regulating an ELAVL1-Related Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213719. [PMID: 36430202 PMCID: PMC9696789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most important intestinal mucosal barrier of the main body, the innate immune barrier in intestinal tract plays especially pivotal roles in the overall health conditions of infants and young children; therefore, how to strengthen the innate immune barrier is pivotal. A variety of bioactivities of lactoferrin (LF) has been widely proved, including alleviating enteritis and inhibiting colon cancer; however, the effects of LF on intestinal immune barrier in infants and young children are still unclear, and the specific mechanism on how LF inhibits infantile enteritis by regulating immune signaling pathways is unrevealed. In the present study, we firstly performed pharmacokinetic analyses of LF in mice intestinal tissues, stomach tissues and blood, through different administration methods, to confirm the metabolic method of LF in mammals. Then we constructed in Vitro and in Vivo infantile intestinal immune barrier damage models utilizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and evaluated the effects of LF in alleviating LPS-induced intestinal immune barrier damage. Next, the related immune molecular mechanism on how LF exerted protective effects was investigated, through RNA-seq analyses of the mouse primary intestinal epithelial cells, and the specific genes were analyzed and screened out. Finally, the genes and their related immune pathway were validated in mRNA and protein levels; the portions of special immune cells (CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells) were also detected to further support our experimental results. Pharmacokinetic analyses demonstrated that the integrity of LF could reach mice stomach and intestine after oral gavage within 12 h, and the proper administration of LF should be the oral route. LF was proven to down-regulate the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in both the primary intestinal epithelial cells and mice blood, especially LF without iron (Apo-LF), indicating LF alleviated infantile intestinal immune barrier damage induced by LPS. And through RNA-seq analyses of the mouse primary intestinal epithelial cells treated with LPS and LF, embryonic lethal abnormal vision Drosophila 1 (ELAVL1) was selected as one of the key genes, then the ELAVL1/PI3K/NF-κB pathway regulated by LF was verified to participate in the protection of infantile intestinal immune barrier damage in our study. Additionally, the ratio of blood CD4+/CD8+ T cells was significantly higher in the LF-treated mice than in the control mice, indicating that LF distinctly reinforced the overall immunity of infantile mice, further validating the strengthening bioactivity of LF on infantile intestinal immune barrier. In summary, LF was proven to alleviate LPS-induced intestinal immune barrier damage in young mice through regulating ELAVL1-related immune signaling pathways, which would expand current knowledge of the functions of bioactive proteins in foods within different research layers, as well as benefit preclinical and clinical researches in a long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yiyan Zhai
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100085, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiarui Wu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (J.W.)
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18
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Abdalqadir N, Adeli K. GLP-1 and GLP-2 Orchestrate Intestine Integrity, Gut Microbiota, and Immune System Crosstalk. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102061. [PMID: 36296337 PMCID: PMC9610230 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine represents the body’s largest interface between internal organs and external environments except for its nutrient and fluid absorption functions. It has the ability to sense numerous endogenous and exogenous signals from both apical and basolateral surfaces and respond through endocrine and neuronal signaling to maintain metabolic homeostasis and energy expenditure. The intestine also harbours the largest population of microbes that interact with the host to maintain human health and diseases. Furthermore, the gut is known as the largest endocrine gland, secreting over 100 peptides and other molecules that act as signaling molecules to regulate human nutrition and physiology. Among these gut-derived hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and -2 have received the most attention due to their critical role in intestinal function and food absorption as well as their application as key drug targets. In this review, we highlight the current state of the literature that has brought into light the importance of GLP-1 and GLP-2 in orchestrating intestine–microbiota–immune system crosstalk to maintain intestinal barrier integrity, inflammation, and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyan Abdalqadir
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1H3, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1H3, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence:
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19
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da Silva EM, Yariwake VY, Alves RW, de Araujo DR, Andrade-Oliveira V. Crosstalk between incretin hormones, Th17 and Treg cells in inflammatory diseases. Peptides 2022; 155:170834. [PMID: 35753504 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells constantly crosstalk with the gut microbiota and immune cells of the gut lamina propria. Enteroendocrine cells, secrete hormones, such as incretin hormones, which participate in host physiological events, such as stimulating insulin secretion, satiety, and glucose homeostasis. Interestingly, evidence suggests that the incretin pathway may influence immune cell activation. Consequently, drugs targeting the incretin hormone signaling pathway may ameliorate inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss how these hormones may modulate two subsets of CD4 + T cells, the regulatory T cells (Treg)/Th17 axis important for gut homeostasis: thus, preventing the development and progression of inflammatory diseases. We also summarize the main experimental and clinical findings using drugs targeting the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) signaling pathways and their great impact on conditions in which the Treg/Th17 axis is disturbed such as inflammatory diseases and cancer. Understanding the role of incretin stimulation in immune cell activation and function, might contribute to new therapeutic designs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, autoimmunity, and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Yuji Yariwake
- Department of Immunology - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Renan Willian Alves
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Andrade-Oliveira
- Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; Department of Immunology - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil; Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Brazil.
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20
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Młynarska E, Gadzinowska J, Tokarek J, Forycka J, Szuman A, Franczyk B, Rysz J. The Role of the Microbiome-Brain-Gut Axis in the Pathogenesis of Depressive Disorder. Nutrients 2022; 14:1921. [PMID: 35565888 PMCID: PMC9105444 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota and its association with the central nervous system via the microbiome-brain-gut axis has been widely discussed in the literature. The aim of this review is to investigate the impact of gut microbiota on the development of depression and underlying molecular mechanisms. There are two possible pathways in which this interaction might occur. The first one suggests that depressive disorder could lead to dysbiosis and one of the causes may be the influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The second one considers if changes in the composition of gut microbiota might cause depressive disorder. The mechanisms that could be responsible for this interaction include the secretion of neurotransmitters, gut peptides and the activation of the immune system. However, current knowledge on this topic does not allow for us to state an unambiguous conclusion, and future studies that take into consideration more precise stress-measurement methods are needed to further explore direct mechanisms of the interaction between gut microbiota and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Żeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.G.); (J.T.); (J.F.); (A.S.); (B.F.); (J.R.)
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21
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Kim WS, Choi Y, Kim N, Lim SH, Noh G, Kim KW, Park J, Jo H, Yoon H, Shin CM, Park YS, Lee DH. Long-term effect of the eradication of Helicobacter pylori on the hemoglobin A1c in type 2 diabetes or prediabetes patients. Korean J Intern Med 2022; 37:579-590. [PMID: 34991230 PMCID: PMC9082431 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2021.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The long-term effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the metabolic syndrome or diabetes are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of H. pylori eradication on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or prediabetes mellitus (preDM). METHODS A total of 124 asymptomatic subjects with T2DM or preDM were divided into H. pylori-negative (n = 40), H. pylori-positive with non-eradicated (n = 34), and eradicated (n = 50) groups. We measured H. pylori status (culture, histology, and rapid urease test) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (A1C) levels and followed-up at the 1st year and the 5th year of follow-up. RESULTS The A1C levels significantly decreased in the eradicated group compared to the negative group and the non-eradicated groups (at the 1st year, p = 0.024; at the 5th year, p = 0.009). The A1C levels decreased in male, and/or subjects < 65 years of age in subgroup analyses (in male subjects, p = 0.047 and p = 0.020 at the 1st and the 5th year; in subjects < 65 years of age, p = 0.028 and p = 0.006 at the 1st and the 5th year; in male subjects < 65 years of age, p = 0.039 and p = 0.032 at the 1st and the 5th year). The eradication of H. pylori was related to the decrease in A1C values throughout the follow-up period, compared to the non-eradicated group (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION H. pylori eradication was related to the decreasing of A1C levels in patients with T2DM or preDM over a long-term follow-up period, especially in male and subjects < 65 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yonghoon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Hee Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gitark Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ki Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jaehyung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyeongho Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Fernandes MF, Tomczewski MV, Duncan RE. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Secretion Is Inhibited by Lysophosphatidic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084163. [PMID: 35456981 PMCID: PMC9025735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). While dozens of compounds stimulate GLP-1 secretion, few inhibit. Reduced GLP-1 secretion and impaired GSIS occur in chronic inflammation. Lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) are bioactive phospholipids elevated in inflammation. The aim of this study was to test whether LPA inhibits GLP-1 secretion in vitro and in vivo. GLUTag L-cells were treated with various LPA species, with or without LPA receptor (LPAR) antagonists, and media GLP-1 levels, cellular cyclic AMP and calcium ion concentrations, and DPP4 activity levels were analyzed. Mice were injected with LPA, with or without LPAR antagonists, and serum GLP-1 and DPP4 activity were measured. GLUTag GLP-1 secretion was decreased ~70–90% by various LPAs. GLUTag expression of Lpar1, 2, and 3 was orders of magnitude higher than Lpar4, 5, and 6, implicating the former group in this effect. In agreement, inhibition of GLP-1 secretion was reversed by the LPAR1/3 antagonist Ki16425, the LPAR1 antagonists AM095 and AM966, or the LPAR2 antagonist LPA2-antagonist 1. We hypothesized involvement of Gαi-mediated LPAR activity, and found that intracellular cyclic AMP and calcium ion concentrations were decreased by LPA, but restored by Ki16425. Mouse LPA injection caused an ~50% fall in circulating GLP-1, although only LPAR1 or LPAR1/3 antagonists, but not LPAR2 antagonism, prevented this. GLUTag L-cell and mouse serum DPP4 activity was unchanged by LPA or LPAR antagonists. LPA therefore impairs GLP-1 secretion in vitro and in vivo through Gαi-coupled LPAR1/3 signaling, providing a new mechanism linking inflammation with impaired GSIS.
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23
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Athanasaki A, Melanis K, Tsantzali I, Stefanou MI, Ntymenou S, Paraskevas SG, Kalamatianos T, Boutati E, Lambadiari V, Voumvourakis KI, Stranjalis G, Giannopoulos S, Tsivgoulis G, Paraskevas GP. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040778. [PMID: 35453527 PMCID: PMC9029855 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, reaching 60–80% of case totals, and is one of the major global causes of the elderly population’s decline in functionality concerning daily life activities. Epidemiological research has already indicated that, in addition to several others metabolic factors, diabetes mellitus type 2 is a risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease. Many molecular pathways have been described, and at the same time, there are clues that suggest the connection between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease, through specific genes, autophagy, and even inflammatory pathways. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted, and its main goal was to reveal the multilevel connection between these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Athanasaki
- Department of Neurology, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Konstantinos Melanis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.T.); (M.I.S.); (S.G.P.); (K.I.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Ioanna Tsantzali
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.T.); (M.I.S.); (S.G.P.); (K.I.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Maria Ioanna Stefanou
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.T.); (M.I.S.); (S.G.P.); (K.I.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Sofia Ntymenou
- Department of Neurology, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Sotirios G. Paraskevas
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.T.); (M.I.S.); (S.G.P.); (K.I.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Theodosis Kalamatianos
- 1st Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (T.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Eleni Boutati
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (E.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (E.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Konstantinos I. Voumvourakis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.T.); (M.I.S.); (S.G.P.); (K.I.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - George Stranjalis
- 1st Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (T.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Sotirios Giannopoulos
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.T.); (M.I.S.); (S.G.P.); (K.I.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.T.); (M.I.S.); (S.G.P.); (K.I.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - George P. Paraskevas
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.T.); (M.I.S.); (S.G.P.); (K.I.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2105832466
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24
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Mortaş H, Bilici S, Öztürk H, Karakan T. Changes in intestinal parameters and their association with dietary patterns in rotational shift workers. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:872-885. [PMID: 35232303 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2044349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disturbances induced by rotating shift work contribute to development of metabolic disorders. However, their effects on intestinal parameters such as epithelial permeability and fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels have not been established yet. This study was planned to investigate the changes in intestinal integrity, fecal SCFA levels, gut microbiota and nutritional intake of rotational shift workers. The study was conducted on ten male rotational shift workers, 25-40 years old. Circadian rhythm disruption was assumed to have occurred after 14 days in the night shift. Dietary data which was obtained by using 24 h record for 7 days, physical activity data, anthropometric measurements, fecal and blood samples were collected during day and night shift. Changes in dietary consumption, anthropometric measurements, blood chemistry and intestinal epithelial permeability indicator according to day and night shifts were not significant (p > .05). Additionally, acetic, propionic and total SCFA were associated with the intestinal permeability biomarker in night shift, but not in day shift (p < .05). Consumption of dark green vegetables and beans and peas was positively associated with fecal isobutyric acid and fecal total SCFA concentration (r = 0.685, p = .029; r = 0.695, p = .026, respectively). The proportions of the genus including Blautia, Bifidobacterium, Dialister, and Ruminococcus gnavus group increased when individuals shifted to the night shift. Gut microbiota changes responding to circadian rhythm disruption became more prominent when consumed high sugar diet. So, changes have been observed in the gut microbiota of rotational shift workers, especially in individuals with certain dietary pattern. Moreover, in individuals with the circadian rhythm disruption SCFAs levels have been demonstrated to be associated with intestinal barrier integrity. A better understanding of the relation among fecal SCFAs, gut microbiota, intestinal epithelial permeability and circadian rhythm disruption is necessary for the development of new dietary strategies for gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Mortaş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saniye Bilici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Öztürk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tarkan Karakan
- Department of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Xiao Y, Tan C, Nie X, Li B, You M, Lan Y, Tang L. Rise in Postprandial GLP-1 Levels After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Involvement of the Vagus Nerve-Spleen Anti-inflammatory Axis in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Obes Surg 2022; 32:1077-1085. [PMID: 35044600 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The mechanism underlying postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) changes after metabolic surgery remains mostly unclarified. This investigation aimed to address whether the vagus nerve-spleen anti-inflammatory axis is involved in the rise in postprandial GLP-1 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats following metabolic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS T2DM rat model was established with a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin and subjected to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and splenic denervation. A mixed-meal tolerance test for postprandial GLP-1 response was performed. TNF-α in the plasma, spleen, and ileum was measured by ELISA, and alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) expression in the spleen was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS Postprandial GLP-1 improvement by RYGB was accompanied by the reduction of TNF-α levels in spleen and ileum and up-regulation of splenic α7nAChR in T2DM rats. Splenic denervation abrogates a rise in postprandial GLP-1 levels in response to the mixed-meal challenge, along with higher TNF-α levels in spleen and ileum and down-regulation of splenicα7nAChR, compared with denervated sham rats. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that the vagus nerve-spleen anti-inflammatory axis mediates the rise of postprandial GLP-1 response after RYGB through lowering TNF-α contents in the intestinal tissue in T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- Department of Day Surgery Center, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, 412000, China
| | - Chang Tan
- Department of Gynecology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, 412000, China
| | - Xiaoya Nie
- Department of General Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, No. 116 Changjiang Road, Zhuzhou, 412000, China
| | - Baifeng Li
- Department of Day Surgery Center, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, 412000, China
| | - Miao You
- Department of Day Surgery Center, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, 412000, China
| | - Yunyun Lan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, No.116 Changjiang Road, Zhuzhou, 412000, China.
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of General Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, No. 116 Changjiang Road, Zhuzhou, 412000, China.
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26
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Rath E, Haller D. Intestinal epithelial cell metabolism at the interface of microbial dysbiosis and tissue injury. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:595-604. [PMID: 35534699 PMCID: PMC9259489 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium represents the most regenerative tissue in the human body, located in proximity to the dense and functionally diverse microbial milieu of the microbiome. Episodes of tissue injury and incomplete healing of the intestinal epithelium are a prerequisite for immune reactivation and account for recurrent, chronically progressing phenotypes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Mitochondrial dysfunction and associated changes in intestinal epithelial functions are emerging concepts in the pathogenesis of IBD, suggesting impaired metabolic flexibility of epithelial cells affects the regenerative capacity of the intestinal tissue. Next to rendering the intestinal mucosa susceptible to inflammatory triggers, metabolic reprogramming of the epithelium is implicated in shaping adverse microbial environments. In this review, we introduce the concept of "metabolic injury" as a cell autonomous mechanism of tissue wounding in response to mitochondrial perturbation. Furthermore, we highlight epithelial metabolism as intersection of microbiome, immune cells and epithelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rath
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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27
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Islam J, Agista AZ, Watanabe K, Nochi T, Aso H, Ohsaki Y, Koseki T, Komai M, Shirakawa H. Fermented rice bran supplementation attenuates chronic colitis-associated extraintestinal manifestations in female C57BL/6N mice. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 99:108855. [PMID: 34517096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have higher incidence of extraintestinal manifestations (EIM), including liver disorders, sarcopenia, and neuroinflammation. Fermented rice bran (FRB), generated from rice bran (RB), is rich in bioactive compounds, and exhibits anti-colitis activity. However, its role in EIM prevention is still unclear. Here, for the first time, we investigated whether EIM in female C57Bl/6N mice is attenuated by FRB supplementation. EIM was induced by repeated administration of 1.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water (4 d) followed by drinking water (12 d). Mice were divided into 3 groups-control (AIN93M), 10% RB, and 10% FRB. FRB ameliorated relapsing colitis and inflammation in muscle by significantly lowering proinflammatory cytokines Tnf-α and Il-6 in serum and advanced glycation end product-specific receptor (Ager) in serum and muscle when compared with the RB and control groups. As FRB reduced aspartate aminotransferase levels and oxidative stress, it might prevent liver disorders. FRB downregulated proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine transcripts responsible for neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and upregulated mRNA expression of G protein coupled receptors (GPRs), Gpr41 and Gpr43, in small and large intestines, which may explain the FRB-mediated protective mechanism. Hence, FRB can be used as a supplement to prevent IBD-associated EIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahidul Islam
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Afifah Zahra Agista
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kouichi Watanabe
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nochi
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Aso
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohsaki
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takuya Koseki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Michio Komai
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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28
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Morrow NM, Hanson AA, Mulvihill EE. Distinct Identity of GLP-1R, GLP-2R, and GIPR Expressing Cells and Signaling Circuits Within the Gastrointestinal Tract. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703966. [PMID: 34660576 PMCID: PMC8511495 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells directly integrate signals of nutrient content within the gut lumen with distant hormonal responses and nutrient disposal via the production and secretion of peptides, including glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2). Given their direct and indirect control of post-prandial nutrient uptake and demonstrated translational relevance for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, malabsorption and cardiometabolic disease, there is significant interest in the locally engaged circuits mediating these metabolic effects. Although several specific populations of cells in the intestine have been identified to express endocrine receptors, including intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and αβ and γδ T-cells (Glp1r+) and smooth muscle cells (Glp2r+), the definitive cellular localization and co-expression, particularly in regards to the Gipr remain elusive. Here we review the current state of the literature and evaluate the identity of Glp1r, Glp2r, and Gipr expressing cells within preclinical and clinical models. Further elaboration of our understanding of the initiating G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) circuits engaged locally within the intestine and how they become altered with high-fat diet feeding can offer insight into the dysregulation observed in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya M Morrow
- Energy Substrate Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Antonio A Hanson
- Energy Substrate Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- Energy Substrate Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center CRCHUM-Pavillion R, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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29
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Hyun CK. Molecular and Pathophysiological Links between Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179139. [PMID: 34502047 PMCID: PMC8430512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable epidemiological evidence indicating comorbidity between metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, as well as common pathophysiological features shared by these two categories of diseases, the relationship between their pathogenesis at molecular levels are not well described. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a characteristic pathological feature of IBD, which also plays causal roles in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory metabolic disorders. Increased intestinal permeability is associated with a pro-inflammatory response of the intestinal immune system, possibly leading to the development of both diseases. In addition, dysregulated interactions between the gut microbiota and the host immunity have been found to contribute to immune-mediated disorders including the two diseases. In connection with disrupted gut microbial composition, alterations in gut microbiota-derived metabolites have also been shown to be closely related to the pathogeneses of both diseases. Focusing on these prominent pathophysiological features observed in both metabolic disorders and IBD, this review highlights and summarizes the molecular risk factors that may link between the pathogeneses of the two diseases, which is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying their comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kee Hyun
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyungbuk, Korea
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Zietek T, Boomgaarden WAD, Rath E. Drug Screening, Oral Bioavailability and Regulatory Aspects: A Need for Human Organoids. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1280. [PMID: 34452240 PMCID: PMC8399541 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium critically contributes to oral bioavailability of drugs by constituting an important site for drug absorption and metabolism. In particular, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) actively serve as gatekeepers of drug and nutrient availability. IECs' transport processes and metabolism are interrelated to the whole-body metabolic state and represent potential points of origin as well as therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases. Human intestinal organoids represent a superior model of the intestinal epithelium, overcoming limitations of currently used in vitro models. Caco-2 cells or rodent explant models face drawbacks such as their cancer and non-human origin, respectively, but are commonly used to study intestinal nutrient absorption, enterocyte metabolism and oral drug bioavailability, despite poorly correlative data. In contrast, intestinal organoids allow investigating distinct aspects of bioavailability including spatial resolution of transport, inter-individual differences and high-throughput screenings. As several countries have already developed strategic roadmaps to phase out animal experiments for regulatory purposes, intestinal organoid culture and organ-on-a-chip technology in combination with in silico approaches are roads to go in the preclinical and regulatory setup and will aid implementing the 3Rs (reduction, refinement and replacement) principle in basic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zietek
- Doctors against Animal Experiments, 51143 Köln, Germany
| | | | - Eva Rath
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Gibiino G, Sartini A, Gitto S, Binda C, Sbrancia M, Coluccio C, Sambri V, Fabbri C. The Other Side of Malnutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082772. [PMID: 34444932 PMCID: PMC8398715 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Steatohepatitis and hepatobiliary manifestations constitute some of the most common extra-intestinal manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). On the other hand, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects around 25% of the world’s population and is attracting ever more attention in liver transplant programs. To outline the specific pathways linking these two conditions is a pressing task for 21st-century researchers. We are accustomed to expecting the occurrence of fatty liver disease in obese people, but current evidence suggests that there are several different pathways also occurring in underweight patients. Genetic factors, inflammatory signals and microbiota are key players that could help in understanding the entire pathogenesis of NAFLD, with the aim of defining the multiple expressions of malnutrition. In the current review, we summarize the most recent literature regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis and future directions for the management of NAFLD in patients affected by IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gibiino
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Morgagni-Pierantoni, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (A.S.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (C.C.); (C.F.)
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale M.Bufalini, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3488609557
| | - Alessandro Sartini
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Morgagni-Pierantoni, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (A.S.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (C.C.); (C.F.)
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale M.Bufalini, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Stefano Gitto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Binda
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Morgagni-Pierantoni, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (A.S.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (C.C.); (C.F.)
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale M.Bufalini, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Monica Sbrancia
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Morgagni-Pierantoni, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (A.S.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (C.C.); (C.F.)
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale M.Bufalini, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Chiara Coluccio
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Morgagni-Pierantoni, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (A.S.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (C.C.); (C.F.)
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale M.Bufalini, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sambri
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy;
- Unit of Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Fabbri
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Morgagni-Pierantoni, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (A.S.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (C.C.); (C.F.)
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale M.Bufalini, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
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Lucotti P, Lovati E, Lenti MV, Valvo B, Sprio E, Aronico N, Giuffrida P, Dell'Aera D, Pasini A, Ubezio C, Delliponti M, Tinelli C, Corazza GR, Di Sabatino A. Abnormal post-prandial glucagon-like peptide release in patients with Crohn's disease. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101533. [PMID: 33036955 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Glucagon-like peptide GLP-1 and -2 have been shown to regulate immune responses in immune-mediated disorders, including Crohn's disease (CD). Our aim was to investigate post-prandial GLP release and its potential link to chronic inflammation, insulin secretion/sensitivity and body composition changes in CD patients. METHODS Fifteen patients with CD, 15 healthy controls (HC) and 15 patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) were recruited. All patients underwent assessment of body composition by means of bio-impedance followed by a meal tolerance test (MTT). Only one CD patient did not tolerate the MTT and was excluded. RESULTS Basal GLP-1 levels were up-regulated in CD, however, as compared to HC, stimulated GLP-1 secretion was significantly reduced in CD (-31 %, p < 0.05) as in MS (-52 %, p < 0.003). Similarly, basal GLP-2 levels were comparable to that of HC, while response to MTT in CD was virtually absent (p < 0.05). Similar fasting insulin sensitivity, estimated 1st and 2nd phase insulin secretion and insulinogenic index were found in CD and in HC. Post-prandial GLP secretion was positively correlated to insulin secretion indices, both in CD and MS. In CD, high-sensitive C reactive protein levels (hsCRP) and extra-cellular to intra-cellular water ratio (ECW/ICW), an index of cellular inflammation, were inversely correlated with stimulated GLP-1 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) levels. CONCLUSION CD is characterized by abnormal fasting and post-prandial GLP levels. Circulating GLP influences subclinical inflammation and glucose metabolism in CD patients, but not their body composition parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Lucotti
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lovati
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Vincenzo Lenti
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Valvo
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Sprio
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola Aronico
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Giuffrida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dominica Dell'Aera
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pasini
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Ubezio
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Delliponti
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carmine Tinelli
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometric Unit, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gino Roberto Corazza
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Deng Y, Deng G, Grobe JL, Cui H. Hypothalamic GPCR Signaling Pathways in Cardiometabolic Control. Front Physiol 2021; 12:691226. [PMID: 34262481 PMCID: PMC8274634 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.691226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is commonly associated with sympathetic overdrive, which is one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and heart failure. Over the past few decades, there has been a growing understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying obesity development with central origin; however, the relative contribution of these molecular changes to the regulation of cardiovascular function remains vague. A variety of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their downstream signaling pathways activated in distinct hypothalamic neurons by different metabolic hormones, neuropeptides and monoamine neurotransmitters are crucial not only for the regulation of appetite and metabolic homeostasis but also for the sympathetic control of cardiovascular function. In this review, we will highlight the main GPCRs and associated hypothalamic nuclei that are important for both metabolic homeostasis and cardiovascular function. The potential downstream molecular mediators of these GPCRs will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Deng
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Guorui Deng
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Huxing Cui
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- FOE Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Obesity Research and Educational Initiative, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE New-onset diabetes is an important sequela of acute pancreatitis, but there are no biomarkers to differentiate it from the much more common type 2 diabetes. The objective was to investigate whether postprandial circulating levels of gut hormones can serve this purpose. METHODS This was a case-control study nested into a prospective longitudinal cohort study that included 42 insulin-naive cases with new-onset prediabetes/diabetes after acute pancreatitis (NODAP) and prediabetes/diabetes followed by acute pancreatitis (T2D-AP), sex matched with 21 healthy controls. All individuals underwent a standardized mixed-meal test, and blood samples were assayed for gut hormones (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, and peptide YY). Analysis of variance and linear regression analysis were conducted in unadjusted and adjusted models (accounting for age, homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function, and magnetic resonance imaging-derived body fat composition). RESULTS Oxyntomodulin levels were significantly lower in NODAP compared with T2D-AP and healthy controls (P = 0.027 and P = 0.001, respectively, in the most adjusted model). Glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY were significantly lower in NODAP compared with T2D-AP (P = 0.001 and P = 0.014, respectively, in the most adjusted model) but not compared with healthy controls (P = 1.000 and P = 0.265, respectively, in the most adjusted model). Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide levels were not significantly different between NODAP and T2D-AP. DISCUSSION Oxyntomodulin is a promising biomarker to guide the differential diagnosis of new-onset diabetes after acute pancreatitis. However, external validation studies are warranted before it can be recommended for routine use in clinical practice.
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O’Grady J, Shanahan F. Changing phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease and neglected metabolic health. COGENT MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2021.1918318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John O’Grady
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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Rodrigues MS, de Paula GC, Duarte MB, de Rezende VL, Possato JC, Farias HR, Medeiros EB, Feuser PE, Streck EL, de Ávila RAM, Bast RKSS, Budni J, de Bem AF, Silveira PCL, de Oliveira J. Nanotechnology as a therapeutic strategy to prevent neuropsychomotor alterations associated with hypercholesterolemia. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 201:111608. [PMID: 33618084 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia has been linked to neurodegenerative disease development. Previously others and we demonstrated that high levels of plasma cholesterol-induced memory impairments and depressive-like behavior in mice. More recently, some evidence reported that a hypercholesterolemic diet led to motor alterations in rodents. Peripheral inflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and neuroinflammation seem to be the connective factors between hypercholesterolemia and brain disorders. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether treatment with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) can prevent the inflammation, BBB disruption, and behavioral changes related to neurodegenerative diseases and depression, induced by hypercholesterolemic diet intake in mice. Adult Swiss mice were fed a standard or a high cholesterol diet for eight weeks and concomitantly treated with either vehicle or GNPs by the oral route. At the end of treatments, mice were subjected to behavioral tests. After that, the blood, liver, and brain structures were collected for biochemical analysis. The high cholesterol diet-induced an increase in the plasma cholesterol levels and body weight of mice, which were not modified by GNPs treatment. Hypercholesterolemia was associated with enhanced liver tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), BBB dysfunction in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb, memory impairment, cataleptic posture, and depressive-like behavior. Notably, GNPs administration attenuated liver inflammation, BBB dysfunction, and improved behavioral and memory deficits in hypercholesterolemic mice. Also, GNPs increased mitochondrial complex I activity in the prefrontal cortex of mice. It is worth highlight that GNPs' administration did not cause toxic effects in the liver and kidney of mice. Overall, our results indicated that GNPs treatment potentially mitigated peripheral, brain, and memory impairments related to hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Scarpatto Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Mariane Bernardo Duarte
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Victoria Linden de Rezende
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jonathann Correa Possato
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Hemelin Resende Farias
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Behenck Medeiros
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paulo Emilio Feuser
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Rachel Krolow Santos Silva Bast
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Josiane Budni
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Lock Silveira
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Filgueira TO, Castoldi A, Santos LER, de Amorim GJ, de Sousa Fernandes MS, Anastácio WDLDN, Campos EZ, Santos TM, Souto FO. The Relevance of a Physical Active Lifestyle and Physical Fitness on Immune Defense: Mitigating Disease Burden, With Focus on COVID-19 Consequences. Front Immunol 2021; 12:587146. [PMID: 33613573 PMCID: PMC7892446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.587146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a fast spreading virus leading to the development of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Severe and critical cases are characterized by damage to the respiratory system, endothelial inflammation, and multiple organ failure triggered by an excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, culminating in the high number of deaths all over the world. Sedentarism induces worse, continuous, and progressive consequences to health. On the other hand, physical activity provides benefits to health and improves low-grade systemic inflammation. The aim of this review is to elucidate the effects of physical activity in physical fitness, immune defense, and its contribution to mitigate the severe inflammatory response mediated by SARS-CoV-2. Physical exercise is an effective therapeutic strategy to mitigate the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this sense, studies have shown that acute physical exercise induces the production of myokines that are secreted in tissues and into the bloodstream, supporting its systemic modulatory effect. Therefore, maintaining physical activity influence balance the immune system and increases immune vigilance, and also might promote potent effects against the consequences of infectious diseases and chronic diseases associated with the development of severe forms of COVID-19. Protocols to maintain exercise practice are suggested and have been strongly established, such as home-based exercise (HBE) and outdoor-based exercise (OBE). In this regard, HBE might help to reduce levels of physical inactivity, bed rest, and sitting time, impacting on adherence to physical activity, promoting all the benefits related to exercise, and attracting patients in different stages of treatment for COVID-19. In parallel, OBE must improve health, but also prevent and mitigate COVID-19 severe outcomes in all populations. In conclusion, HBE or OBE models can be a potent strategy to mitigate the progress of infection, and a coadjutant therapy for COVID-19 at all ages and different chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Lucas Eduardo R. Santos
- Pós Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Pós Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Geraldo José de Amorim
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Serviço de Nefrologia do Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Pós Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Pós Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tony Meireles Santos
- Pós Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Oliveira Souto
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Núcleo de Ciências da Vida, Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Caruaru, Brazil
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Urbauer E, Rath E, Haller D. Mitochondrial Metabolism in the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche-Sensing and Signaling in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:602814. [PMID: 33469536 PMCID: PMC7813778 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism, dynamics, and stress responses in the intestinal stem cell niche play a pivotal role in regulating intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis, including self-renewal and differentiation. In addition, mitochondria are increasingly recognized for their involvement in sensing the metabolic environment and their capability of integrating host and microbial-derived signals. Gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer are characterized by alterations of intestinal stemness, the microbial milieu, and mitochondrial metabolism. Thus, mitochondrial function emerges at the interface of determining health and disease, and failure to adapt mitochondrial function to environmental cues potentially results in aberrant tissue responses. A mechanistic understanding of the underlying role of mitochondrial fitness in intestinal pathologies is still in its infancy, and therapies targeting mitochondrial (dys)function are currently lacking. This review discusses mitochondrial signaling and metabolism in intestinal stem cells and Paneth cells as critical junction translating host- and microbe-derived signals into epithelial responses. Consequently, we propose mitochondrial fitness as a hallmark for intestinal epithelial cell plasticity, determining the regenerative capacity of the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Urbauer
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Eva Rath
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.,ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Currenti W, Godos J, Castellano S, Mogavero MP, Ferri R, Caraci F, Grosso G, Galvano F. Time restricted feeding and mental health: a review of possible mechanisms on affective and cognitive disorders. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:723-733. [PMID: 33356688 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1866504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, a high increase in life expectancy not adequately balanced by an improvement in the quality of life has been observed, leading possibly to an increase in the prevalence of affective and cognitive disorders related to aging, such as depression, cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer's disease. As mental illnesses have multifactorial aetiologies, many modifiable factors including lifestyle and nutrition play an essential role. Among nutritional factors, intermittent fasting has emerged as an innovative strategy to prevent and treat mental health disorders, sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment. Among all types of intermittent fasting regimens, the time restricted feeding appears to be the most promising protocol as it allows to induce benefits of a total fasting without reducing global calories and nutrients intake. This review summarises the evidence on the effect of time restricted feeding towards brain health, emphasising its role on brain signalling, neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Currenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Itaely
| | | | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria P Mogavero
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy.,Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Itaely
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Itaely
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Gholamrezayi A, Mohamadinarab M, Rahbarinejad P, Fallah S, Barez SR, Setayesh L, Moradi N, Fadaei R, Chamani E, Tavakoli T. Characterization of the serum levels of Meteorin-like in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and its association with inflammatory cytokines. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:230. [PMID: 33126870 PMCID: PMC7602304 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Meteorin-like (Metrnl) is an adipokine with insulin sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties that has been discovered recently. The relation among Metrnl, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and obesity has been unexplored yet. Methods The present study was conducted on 54 healthy control, 42 Ulcerative Colitis (UC), and 43 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients who were diagnosed by pathological examination. In all participants, serum levels of adiponectin, Metrnl, interleukin (IL)-6, and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were measured using ELISA kits. Results Metrnl concentration was considerably lower in both UC (85.25 ± 36.55 pg/mL) and CD (76.93 ± 27.92 pg/mL) patients in comparison to control (107.52 ± 35.33 pg/mL). In addition, it was seen that both patient groups have a decreased level of adiponectin compared to the controls. Besides that, the level of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly greater in the patient groups. Moreover, the result showed that the level of Metrnl is inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI) in the controls and the patients. Metrnl levels are also inversely associated with IL-6, and TNF-α in both of the patient groups. Conclusions The current study is the first one reporting the decreased levels of Metrnl in serum among patients with IBD, which is inversely related with BMI, TNF-α, and IL-6. These results suggested a possible relation of Metrnl with the pathogenesis of IBD, particularly through inflammatory process, although further studies are warranted to dissect the possible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Gholamrezayi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohamadinarab
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Rahbarinejad
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Fallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekufe Rezghi Barez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Chamani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Tahmine Tavakoli
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Zietek T, Giesbertz P, Ewers M, Reichart F, Weinmüller M, Urbauer E, Haller D, Demir IE, Ceyhan GO, Kessler H, Rath E. Organoids to Study Intestinal Nutrient Transport, Drug Uptake and Metabolism - Update to the Human Model and Expansion of Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:577656. [PMID: 33015026 PMCID: PMC7516017 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.577656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal transport and sensing processes and their interconnection to metabolism are relevant to pathologies such as malabsorption syndromes, inflammatory diseases, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Constituting a highly selective barrier, intestinal epithelial cells absorb, metabolize, and release nutrients into the circulation, hence serving as gatekeeper of nutrient availability and metabolic health for the whole organism. Next to nutrient transport and sensing functions, intestinal transporters including peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) are involved in the absorption of drugs and prodrugs, including certain inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme, protease inhibitors, antivirals, and peptidomimetics like β-lactam antibiotics. Here, we verify the applicability of 3D organoids for in vitro investigation of intestinal biochemical processes related to transport and metabolism of nutrients and drugs. Establishing a variety of methodologies including illustration of transporter-mediated nutrient and drug uptake and metabolomics approaches, we highlight intestinal organoids as robust and reliable tool in this field of research. Currently used in vitro models to study intestinal nutrient absorption, drug transport and enterocyte metabolism, such as Caco-2 cells or rodent explant models are of limited value due to their cancer and non-human origin, respectively. Particularly species differences result in poorly correlative data and findings obtained in these models cannot be extrapolated reliably to humans, as indicated by high failure rates in drug development pipelines. In contrast, human intestinal organoids represent a superior model of the intestinal epithelium and might help to implement the 3Rs (Reduction, Refinement and Replacement) principle in basic science as well as the preclinical and regulatory setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zietek
- Chair of Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Pieter Giesbertz
- Chair of Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maren Ewers
- Pediatric Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Reichart
- Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Weinmüller
- Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Urbauer
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modeling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Güralp O Ceyhan
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Eva Rath
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Godos J, Currenti W, Angelino D, Mena P, Castellano S, Caraci F, Galvano F, Del Rio D, Ferri R, Grosso G. Diet and Mental Health: Review of the Recent Updates on Molecular Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040346. [PMID: 32340112 PMCID: PMC7222344 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, there has been a substantial increase in the prevalence of mental health disorders, including an increased prevalence of depression, anxiety, cognitive, and sleep disorders. Diet and its bioactive components have been recognized among the modifiable risk factors, possibly influencing their pathogenesis. This review aimed to summarize molecular mechanisms underlying the putative beneficial effects toward brain health of different dietary factors, such as micro- and macronutrient intake and habits, such as feeding time and circadian rhythm. The role of hormonal homeostasis in the context of glucose metabolism and adiponectin regulation and its impact on systemic and neuro-inflammation has also been considered and deepened. In addition, the effect of individual bioactive molecules exerting antioxidant activities and acting as anti-inflammatory agents, such as omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols, considered beneficial for the central nervous system via modulation of adult neurogenesis, synaptic and neuronal plasticity, and microglia activation has been summarized. An overview of the regulation of the gut–brain axis and its effect on the modulation of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress has been provided. Finally, the impact of bioactive molecules on inflammation and oxidative stress and its association with brain health has been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Godos
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Walter Currenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (W.C.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Donato Angelino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (R.F.)
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (W.C.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (R.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (W.C.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
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Degradation of the Incretin Hormone Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) by Enterococcus faecalis Metalloprotease GelE. mSphere 2020; 5:5/1/e00585-19. [PMID: 32051237 PMCID: PMC7021470 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00585-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have a complex and interconnected relationship with their gastrointestinal microbiomes, yet our interest in the microbiome tends to focus on overt pathogenic or probiotic activities, leaving the roles that commensal species may have on host physiology and metabolic processes largely unexplored. Commensal organisms in the microbiome produce and secrete many factors that have an opportunity to interact with the gastrointestinal tract and host biology. Here, we show that a secreted protease from E. faecalis, GelE, is able to degrade the gastrointestinal hormone GLP-1, which is responsible for regulating glucose homeostasis and appetite in the body. The disruption of natural GLP-1 signaling by GelE may have significant consequences for maintaining healthy blood glucose levels and in the development of metabolic disease. Furthermore, this work deepens our understanding of specific host-microbiome interactions. Metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and obesity, have become increasingly prevalent global health concerns. Studies over the past decade have established connections between the gastrointestinal microbiota and host metabolism, but the mechanisms behind these connections are only beginning to be understood. We were interested in identifying microbes that have the ability to modulate the levels of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Using a human-derived cell line that is capable of secreting GLP-1 in response to stimulatory ligands (NCI-H716), we identified supernatants from several bacterial isolates that were capable of decreasing GLP-1 levels, including several strains of Enterococcus faecalis. We further identified the secreted protease GelE, an established virulence factor from E. faecalis, as being responsible for GLP-1 inhibition via direct cleavage of GLP-1 by GelE. Finally, we demonstrated that E. faecalis supernatants can disrupt a colonic epithelial monolayer and cleave GLP-1 in a gelE-dependent manner. This work suggests that a secreted factor from an intestinal microbe can traverse the epithelial barrier and impact levels of an important intestinal hormone. IMPORTANCE Humans have a complex and interconnected relationship with their gastrointestinal microbiomes, yet our interest in the microbiome tends to focus on overt pathogenic or probiotic activities, leaving the roles that commensal species may have on host physiology and metabolic processes largely unexplored. Commensal organisms in the microbiome produce and secrete many factors that have an opportunity to interact with the gastrointestinal tract and host biology. Here, we show that a secreted protease from E. faecalis, GelE, is able to degrade the gastrointestinal hormone GLP-1, which is responsible for regulating glucose homeostasis and appetite in the body. The disruption of natural GLP-1 signaling by GelE may have significant consequences for maintaining healthy blood glucose levels and in the development of metabolic disease. Furthermore, this work deepens our understanding of specific host-microbiome interactions.
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Vahkal B, Yegorov S, Onyilagha C, Donner J, Reddick D, Shrivastav A, Uzonna J, Good SV. Immune System Effects of Insulin-Like Peptide 5 in a Mouse Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:610672. [PMID: 33519716 PMCID: PMC7841425 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.610672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5) is a peptide hormone with proposed actions in glucose homeostasis and appetite regulation via its cognate receptor, relaxin family peptide receptor 4 (RXFP4). Here, we look for evidence for their involvement in the immune system using a mouse model. METHODS In silico analyses: we queried public databases for evidence of expression of INSL5-RXFP4 in immune system tissues/cells (NCBI's SRA and GeoProfiles) and disorders (EMBO-EBI) and performed phylogenetic footprinting to look for evidence that they are regulated by immune-associated transcription factors (TFs). Experimental analyses: We characterized the expression and correlation of INSL5/RXFP4 and other immune system markers in central and peripheral immune organs from C57/bl6 mice in seven cohorts. We tested whether fluctuations in circulating INSL5 induce an immune response, by injecting mice with 30 μg/kg of INSL5 peptide in the peritoneum, and examining levels of immune markers and metabolic peptides in plasma. Lastly, we quantified the expression of Rxfp4 in T-cells, dendritic cells and cell lines derived from human and mouse and tested the hypothesis that co-incubation of ANA-1 cells in INSL5 and LPS alters cytokine expression. RESULTS We find Insl5 expression only in thymus (in addition to colon) where its expression was highly correlated with Il-7, a marker of thymocyte development. This result is consistent with our in silico findings that Insl5 is highly expressed in thymic DP, DN thymocytes and cortical TEC's, and with evidence that it is regulated by thymocyte-associated TF's. We find Rxfp4 expression in all immune organs, and moderately high levels in DCs, particularly splenic DCs, and evidence that it is regulated by immune-associated TF's, such as STAT's and GATA. Systemic effects: We observed significantly elevated concentrations of blood GLP-1, GIP, GCG and PYY following intraperitoneal injection of INSL5, and significantly altered expression of cytokines IL-5, IL-7, M-CSF, IL-15, IL-27 and MIP-2. Immune cell effects: Incubation of ANA-1 cells with INSL5 impeded cell growth and led to a transient elevation of IL-15 and sustained reduction in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα. CONCLUSION We propose that INSL5-RXFP4 play a novel role in both central and peripheral immune cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Vahkal
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Brett Vahkal, ; Sara V. Good,
| | - Sergey Yegorov
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | - Dean Reddick
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Jude Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sara V. Good
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Brett Vahkal, ; Sara V. Good,
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Interactions between taste receptors and the gastrointestinal microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2019.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Dragasevic S, Stankovic B, Kotur N, Sokic-Milutinovic A, Milovanovic T, Lukic S, Milosavljevic T, Srzentic Drazilov S, Klaassen K, Pavlovic S, Popovic D. Metabolic Syndrome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Association with Genetic Markers of Obesity and Inflammation. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2019; 18:31-38. [PMID: 31750766 DOI: 10.1089/met.2019.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study analyzed poorly understood relationship of two overlapping conditions: metabolic syndrome (MeS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both associated with inflammation in the visceral adipose tissue. Methods: Newly diagnosed 104 IBD patients, of which 50 Crohn's disease (CD) and 54 ulcerative colitis (UC), and 45 non-IBD controls were examined for MeS-related obesity and lipid markers. Th-17 immune genes IL17A, IL17F, IL23A, and TLR9 mRNAs were measured in intestinal mucosa by qRT-PCR. Subjects were genotyped for obesity-associated FTO variant rs9939609 by polymerase chain reaction-amplification refractory mutation system. Results: CD was associated with MeS (P = 0.01), while both CD and UC were associated with central obesity (P = 10-5, P = 0.002, respectively) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P = 5 × 10-6, P = 6 × 10-6, respectively). IBD lipid profile was characterized by decreased total and HDL cholesterol, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced only in CD. Negative correlations were found between total cholesterol and CD activity index (P = 0.005), waist circumference and IL17A as well as IL17F mRNA levels in inflamed CD colon (P = 0.003, P = 0.001, respectively). Carriers of FTO rs9939609 AA genotype showed increased risk of CD (OR 2.6, P = 0.01). Conclusions: MeS, central obesity, and dyslipidemia could be important for IBD pathogenesis. This could influence therapeutic approaches and prevention strategies in high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Dragasevic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Stankovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Kotur
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Sokic-Milutinovic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Milovanovic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snezana Lukic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tomica Milosavljevic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Srzentic Drazilov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristel Klaassen
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Pavlovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Popovic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Singh AP, Hung YH, Shanahan MT, Kanke M, Bonfini A, Dame MK, Biraud M, Peck BC, Oyesola OO, Freund JM, Cubitt RL, Curry EG, Gonzalez LM, Bewick GA, Tait-Wojno ED, Kurpios NA, Ding S, Spence JR, Dekaney CM, Buchon N, Sethupathy P. Enteroendocrine Progenitor Cell-Enriched miR-7 Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Proliferation in an Xiap-Dependent Manner. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:447-464. [PMID: 31756561 PMCID: PMC7021555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The enteroendocrine cell (EEC) lineage is important for intestinal homeostasis. It was recently shown that EEC progenitors contribute to intestinal epithelial growth and renewal, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. MicroRNAs are under-explored along the entire EEC lineage trajectory, and comparatively little is known about their contributions to intestinal homeostasis. METHODS We leverage unbiased sequencing and eight different mouse models and sorting methods to identify microRNAs enriched along the EEC lineage trajectory. We further characterize the functional role of EEC progenitor-enriched miRNA, miR-7, by in vivo dietary study as well as ex vivo enteroid in mice. RESULTS First, we demonstrate that miR-7 is highly enriched across the entire EEC lineage trajectory and is the most enriched miRNA in EEC progenitors relative to Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells. Next, we show in vivo that in EEC progenitors miR-7 is dramatically suppressed under dietary conditions that favor crypt division and suppress EEC abundance. We then demonstrate by functional assays in mouse enteroids that miR-7 exerts robust control of growth, as determined by budding (proxy for crypt division), EdU and PH3 staining, and likely regulates EEC abundance also. Finally, we show by single-cell RNA sequencing analysis that miR-7 regulates Xiap in progenitor/stem cells and we demonstrate in enteroids that the effects of miR-7 on mouse enteroid growth depend in part on Xiap and Egfr signaling. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that EEC progenitor cell-enriched miR-7 is altered by dietary perturbations and that it regulates growth in enteroids via intact Xiap and Egfr signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet P. Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Yu-Han Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Michael T. Shanahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Alessandro Bonfini
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York
| | - Michael K. Dame
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mandy Biraud
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Bailey C.E. Peck
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Oyebola O. Oyesola
- Baker Institute of Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - John M. Freund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca L. Cubitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Ennessa G. Curry
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Liara M. Gonzalez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Gavin A. Bewick
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elia D. Tait-Wojno
- Baker Institute of Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Natasza A. Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher M. Dekaney
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Nicolas Buchon
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Praveen Sethupathy, PhD, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 618 Tower Road T7 006D, Veterinary Research Tower, Ithaca, New York 14850. fax: (607) 253–4447.
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Metabolic Cytokines at Fasting and During Macronutrient Challenges: Influence of Obesity, Female Androgen Excess and Sex. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112566. [PMID: 31652917 PMCID: PMC6893420 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope: Cytokines have pleiotropic functions within the organism and their levels may be influenced by obesity, visceral adiposity and sex hormones. Diet composition may also affect their systemic concentrations during fasting and in the postprandial period. Hence, we studied the influence of sex steroids and obesity on the circulating levels of a panel of metabolic cytokines in the fasting state and after single macronutrient challenges. Methods: On alternate days we submitted 17 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (9 non-obese, 8 obese), 17 non-hyperandrogenic control women (9 non-obese, 8 obese) and 19 control men (10 non-obese, 9 obese) to isocaloric oral glucose, lipid and protein loads. Serum levels of omentin-1, vaspin, lipocalin-2, adipsin, PAI-1, chemerin, FGF-21 and FGF-23 were determined by Luminex multiplex technology. Results: During fasting, obese patients presented higher levels of PAI-1, chemerin and adipsin but decreased FGF-23 and omentin-1 compared with non-obese subjects. Vaspin showed sexual dimorphism with lower levels in men than women with PCOS and female controls. Following macronutrient ingestion, most metabolic cytokines presented a similar physiological response consisting of a decrease in circulating concentrations, which was inversely associated with the fasting levels of these molecules. Protein intake caused the major postprandial decrease whereas glucose did not significantly reduce PAI-1, FGF-23 and vaspin, and even increased FGF-21. Regardless of the macronutrient administered, vaspin levels showed a larger reduction in non-obese individuals while the decrease in PAI-1 was particularly noticeable in the obese subgroup. The postprandial reductions of omentin-1 and FGF-23 after glucose and protein loads were influenced by obesity. No major differences were found between patients with PCOS and male and female controls. Conclusions: Obesity, but not PCOS or sex, markedly influences metabolic cytokine levels at fasting and after macronutrient ingestion. The observed postprandial decrease in their circulating concentrations might represent a physiological compensatory mechanism against food-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. This mechanism is altered by obesity and is differently modulated by macronutrients, suggesting a larger contribution of glucose to stressful postprandial responses.
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Lee H, Kim J, An J, Lee S, Choi D, Kong H, Song Y, Park IH, Lee CK, Kim K. Downregulation of IL-18 Expression in the Gut by Metformin-induced Gut Microbiota Modulation. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e28. [PMID: 31501716 PMCID: PMC6722274 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-18 is a crucial pro-inflammatory cytokine that mediates chronic intestinal inflammation. Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, was reported to have ameliorative effects on inflammatory bowel disease. Recently, the mechanism of action of metformin was explained as a modulation of gut microbiota. In this study, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using fecal material from metformin-treated mice was found to upregulate the expression of GLP-1 and pattern-recognition receptors TLR1 and TLR4 for the improvement in hyperglycemia caused by a high-fat diet. Further, FMT downregulated the expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-18. Within the genera Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Butyricimonas, which were promoted by metformin therapy, Butyricimonas was found to be consistently abundant following FMT. Our findings suggest that modulation of gut microbiota is a key factor for the anti-inflammatory effects of metformin which is used for the treatment of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heetae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Jinho An
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Sungwon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Dohyun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Hyunseok Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Youngcheon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Il Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyungjae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
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