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Heckmann A, Perochon A, Doohan FM. Genome-wide analysis of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling marker gene families in wheat. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024. [PMID: 38864777 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) phytohormone pathways are important regulators of stress tolerance. Knowledge regarding the diversity, phylogeny and functionality of wheat genes involved in JA and SA response is limited. Using Arabidopsis, rice and wheat genomic and wheat disease transcriptomic data, we deduced the size, phylogenetic diversity and pathogen-responsiveness of seven hormone-responsive gene families, and thus selected 14 candidates as potential hormone responsive gene markers. Gene-specific expression studies assessed the impact of exogenous JA and SA on their transcriptional activation in leaves of two distinct wheat cultivars. RNAseq data were interrogated to assess their disease responsiveness and tissue-specific expression. This study elucidated the number, phylogeny and pathogen-responsiveness of wheat genes from seven families, including 12 TaAOS, 6 TaJAMyb, 256 TaWRKY group III, 85 TaPR1, 205 TaPR2, 76 TaPR3 and 124 TaPR5. This included the first description of the wheat AOS, JAMyb, PR2, PR3 and PR5 gene families. Gene expression studies delineated TaAOS1-5B and TaJAMyb-4A as JA-responsive in leaves, but not significantly responsive to SA treatment, while TaWRKY45-B was a SA- but not a JA-responsive marker. Other candidate genes were either unresponsive or non-specific to SA or JA. Our findings highlight that all seven gene families are greatly expanded in wheat as compared to other plants (up to 7.6-fold expansion), and demonstrate disparity in the response to biotic stress between some homoeologous and paralogous sequences within these families. The SA- and JA-responsive marker genes identified herein will prove useful tools to monitor these signalling pathways in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heckmann
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Perochon
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F M Doohan
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Henchiri H, Rayapuram N, Alhoraibi HM, Caïus J, Paysant-Le Roux C, Citerne S, Hirt H, Colcombet J, Sturbois B, Bigeard J. Integrated multi-omics and genetic analyses reveal molecular determinants underlying Arabidopsis snap33 mutant phenotype. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1016-1035. [PMID: 38281242 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The secretory pathway is essential for plant immunity, delivering diverse antimicrobial molecules into the extracellular space. Arabidopsis thaliana soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptor SNAP33 is a key actor of this process. The snap33 mutant displays dwarfism and necrotic lesions, however the molecular determinants of its macroscopic phenotypes remain elusive. Here, we isolated several new snap33 mutants that exhibited constitutive cell death and H2O2 accumulation, further defining snap33 as an autoimmune mutant. We then carried out quantitative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showing that numerous defense transcripts and proteins were up-regulated in the snap33 mutant, among which genes/proteins involved in defense hormone, pattern-triggered immunity, and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-repeat receptor signaling. qRT-PCR analyses and hormone dosages supported these results. Furthermore, genetic analyses elucidated the diverse contributions of the main defense hormones and some nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-repeat receptor signaling actors in the establishment of the snap33 phenotype, emphasizing the preponderant role of salicylic acid over other defense phytohormones. Moreover, the accumulation of pattern-triggered immunity and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-repeat receptor signaling proteins in the snap33 mutant was confirmed by immunoblotting analyses and further shown to be salicylic acid-dependent. Collectively, this study unveiled molecular determinants underlying the Arabidopsis snap33 mutant phenotype and brought new insights into autoimmunity signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Henchiri
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanna M Alhoraibi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21551, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - José Caïus
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christine Paysant-Le Roux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bénédicte Sturbois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean Bigeard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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3
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Fontes FL, Rooker SA, Lynn-Barbe JK, Lyons MA, Crans DC, Crick DC. Pyrazinoic acid, the active form of the anti-tuberculosis drug pyrazinamide, and aromatic carboxylic acid analogs are protonophores. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1350699. [PMID: 38414662 PMCID: PMC10896915 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1350699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrazinoic acid is the active form of pyrazinamide, a first-line antibiotic used to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. However, the mechanism of action of pyrazinoic acid remains a subject of debate, and alternatives to pyrazinamide in cases of resistance are not available. The work presented here demonstrates that pyrazinoic acid and known protonophores including salicylic acid, benzoic acid, and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone all exhibit pH-dependent inhibition of mycobacterial growth activity over a physiologically relevant range of pH values. Other anti-tubercular drugs, including rifampin, isoniazid, bedaquiline, and p-aminosalicylic acid, do not exhibit similar pH-dependent growth-inhibitory activities. The growth inhibition curves of pyrazinoic, salicylic, benzoic, and picolinic acids, as well as carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, all fit a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) derived from acid-base equilibria with R2 values > 0.95. The QSAR model indicates that growth inhibition relies solely on the concentration of the protonated forms of these weak acids (rather than the deprotonated forms). Moreover, pyrazinoic acid, salicylic acid, and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone all caused acidification of the mycobacterial cytoplasm at concentrations that inhibit bacterial growth. Thus, it is concluded that pyrazinoic acid acts as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation and that disruption of proton motive force is the primary mechanism of action of pyrazinoic acid rather than the inhibition of a classic enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio L. Fontes
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Steven A. Rooker
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jamie K. Lynn-Barbe
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Michael A. Lyons
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dean C. Crick
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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4
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Frackenpohl J, Abel SAG, Alnafta N, Barber DM, Bojack G, Brant NZ, Helmke H, Mattison RL. Inspired by Nature: Isostere Concepts in Plant Hormone Chemistry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18141-18168. [PMID: 37277148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical concepts such as isosteres and scaffold hopping have proven to be powerful tools in agrochemical innovation processes. They offer opportunities to modify known molecular lead structures with the aim to improve a range of parameters, including biological efficacy and spectrum, physicochemical properties, stability, and toxicity. While recent biochemical insights into plant-specific receptors and signaling pathways trigger the discovery of the first lead structures, the disclosure of such a new chemical structure sparks a broad range of synthesis activities giving rise to diverse chemical innovation and often a considerable boost in biological activity. Herein, recent examples of isostere concepts in plant-hormone chemistry will be discussed, outlining how synthetic creativity can broaden the scope of natural product chemistry and giving rise to new opportunities in research fields such as abiotic stress tolerance and growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Frackenpohl
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Steven A G Abel
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Neanne Alnafta
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David M Barber
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Guido Bojack
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicola Z Brant
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hendrik Helmke
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Mattison
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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5
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Suliburska J, Cholik RS. Risks and benefits of salicylates in food: a narrative review. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad136. [PMID: 37897072 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylates are generally present in plants as part of their defense system against pathogens and environmental stress. Major dietary sources of salicylates were found in spices and herbs, such as curry and paprika (hot powder). Several studies suggest that these natural salicylates offer health benefits in the human body, such as antidiabetic, anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, despite their advantages, salicylates can be harmful to people with allergies, and high doses of salicylates may cause respiratory alkalosis and gastrointestinal bleeding. Additionally, salicylates can interact with certain drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and warfarin. This narrative review aimed to consolidate recent information on the content of salicylates in food based on the literature, while also highlighting the benefits and risks associated with salicylate consumption in humans. Based on the literature review and analysis of results, it can be concluded that the dietary intake of salicylates in vegetarians can be relatively high, resulting in concentrations of salicylic acid in the blood and urine that are comparable to those observed in patients taking a low dose of aspirin (75 mg). This suggests that a diet rich in salicylates may have potential benefits in preventing and treating some diseases that require low doses of aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Suliburska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rafsan Syabani Cholik
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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6
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Xie Z, Zhao S, Li Y, Deng Y, Shi Y, Chen X, Li Y, Li H, Chen C, Wang X, Liu E, Tu Y, Shi P, Tong J, Gutierrez-Beltran E, Li J, Bozhkov PV, Qian W, Zhou M, Wang W. Phenolic acid-induced phase separation and translation inhibition mediate plant interspecific competition. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1481-1499. [PMID: 37640933 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids (PAs) secreted by donor plants suppress the growth of their susceptible plant neighbours. However, how structurally diverse ensembles of PAs are perceived by plants to mediate interspecific competition remains a mystery. Here we show that a plant stress granule (SG) marker, RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 47B (RBP47B), is a sensor of PAs in Arabidopsis. PAs, including salicylic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and so on, directly bind RBP47B, promote its phase separation and trigger SG formation accompanied by global translation inhibition. Salicylic acid-induced global translation inhibition depends on RBP47 family members. RBP47s regulate the proteome rather than the absolute quantity of SG. The rbp47 quadruple mutant shows a reduced sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of the PA mixture as well as to that of PA-rich rice when tested in a co-culturing ecosystem. In this Article, we identified the long sought-after PA sensor as RBP47B and illustrated that PA-induced SG-mediated translational inhibition was one of the PA perception mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouli Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Deng
- Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yabo Shi
- Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Changtian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Xingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Enhui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjin Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Emilio Gutierrez-Beltran
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jiayu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peter V Bozhkov
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Weiqiang Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mian Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China.
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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7
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All-solid-state potentiometric salicylic acid sensor for in-situ measurement of plant. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1979-1989. [PMID: 36864309 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Using PEDOT as the conductive polymer, an innovative small-scale sensor for directly measuring salicylate ions in plants was developed, which avoided the complicated sample pretreatment of traditional analytical methods and realized the rapid detection of salicylic acid. The results demonstrate that this all-solid-state potentiometric salicylic acid sensor is easy to miniaturize, has a longer lifetime (≥1 month), is more robust, and can be directly used for the detection of salicylate ions in real samples without any additional pretreatment. The developed sensor has a good Nernst slope (63.6 ± 0.7 mV/decade), the linear range is 10-2 ~ 10-6 M, and the detection limit can reach (2.8 × 10-7 M). The selectivity, reproducibility, and stability of the sensor were evaluated. The sensor can perform stable, sensitive, and accurate in situ measurement of salicylic acid in plants, and it is an excellent tool for determining salicylic acid ions in plants in vivo.
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8
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Schlossarek D, Zhang Y, Sokolowska EM, Fernie AR, Luzarowski M, Skirycz A. Don't let go: co-fractionation mass spectrometry for untargeted mapping of protein-metabolite interactomes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:904-914. [PMID: 36575913 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The chemical complexity of metabolomes goes hand in hand with their functional diversity. Small molecules have many essential roles, many of which are executed by binding and modulating the function of a protein partner. The complex and dynamic protein-metabolite interaction (PMI) network underlies most if not all biological processes, but remains under-characterized. Herein, we highlight how co-fractionation mass spectrometry (CF-MS), a well-established approach to map protein assemblies, can be used for proteome and metabolome identification of the PMIs. We will review recent CF-MS studies, discuss the main advantages and limitations, summarize the available CF-MS guidelines, and outline future challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Schlossarek
- Depeartment One, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Depeartment One, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ewelina M Sokolowska
- Depeartment One, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Depeartment One, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marcin Luzarowski
- Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Depeartment One, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
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9
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Tungsirisurp S, O'Reilly R, Napier R. Nucleic acid aptamers as aptasensors for plant biology. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:359-371. [PMID: 36357246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Our knowledge of cell- and tissue-specific quantification of phytohormones is heavily reliant on laborious mass spectrometry techniques. Genetically encoded biosensors have allowed spatial and some temporal quantification of phytohormones intracellularly, but there is still limited information on their intercellular distributions. Here, we review nucleic acid aptamers as an emerging biosensing platform for the detection and quantification of analytes with high affinity and specificity. Options for DNA aptamer technology are explained through selection, sequencing analysis and techniques for evaluating affinity and specificity, and we focus on previously developed DNA aptamers against various plant analytes. We suggest how these tools might be applied in planta for quantification of molecules of interest both intracellularly and intercellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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10
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Emerging Roles of Salicylic Acid in Plant Saline Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043388. [PMID: 36834798 PMCID: PMC9961897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important phytohormones is salicylic acid (SA), which is essential for the regulation of plant growth, development, ripening, and defense responses. The role of SA in plant-pathogen interactions has attracted a lot of attention. Aside from defense responses, SA is also important in responding to abiotic stimuli. It has been proposed to have great potential for improving the stress resistance of major agricultural crops. On the other hand, SA utilization is dependent on the dosage of the applied SA, the technique of application, and the status of the plants (e.g., developmental stage and acclimation). Here, we reviewed the impact of SA on saline stress responses and the associated molecular pathways, as well as recent studies toward understanding the hubs and crosstalk between SA-induced tolerances to biotic and saline stress. We propose that elucidating the mechanism of the SA-specific response to various stresses, as well as SA-induced rhizosphere-specific microbiome modeling, may provide more insights and support in coping with plant saline stress.
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11
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Zeng ZW, Chen D, Chen L, He B, Li Y. A comprehensive overview of Artemisinin and its derivatives as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115000. [PMID: 36538859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin is the crucial ingredient of artemisia annua, a traditional Chinese medicine used for the therapy of malaria in China for hundreds of years. In recent years, the anticancer properties of artemisinin and its derivatives have also been reported. This review has summarized the research and development of artemisinin and its derivatives as anticancer agents, which included both natural and synthetic monomers as well as their dimers. In addition, it highlights the antitumor effects of artemisinin and its derivatives after site-modification or after transformation to a nano-delivery system. Moreover, we have further explored their potential mechanisms of action and also discussed the clinical trials of ARTs used to treat cancer, which will facilitate in further development of novel anticancer drugs based on the scaffold of artemisinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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12
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Wanjari UR, Mukherjee AG, Gopalakrishnan AV, Murali R, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Ganesan R. Role of Metabolism and Metabolic Pathways in Prostate Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:183. [PMID: 36837801 PMCID: PMC9962346 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the common cause of death in men. The pathophysiological factors contributing to PCa are not well known. PCa cells gain a protective mechanism via abnormal lipid signaling and metabolism. PCa cells modify their metabolism in response to an excessive intake of nutrients to facilitate advancement. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is inextricably linked to the carcinogenic progression of PCa, which heightens the severity of the disease. It is hypothesized that changes in the metabolism of the mitochondria contribute to the onset of PCa. The studies of particular alterations in the progress of PCa are best accomplished by examining the metabolome of prostate tissue. Due to the inconsistent findings written initially, additional epidemiological research is required to identify whether or not MetS is an aspect of PCa. There is a correlation between several risk factors and the progression of PCa, one of which is MetS. The metabolic symbiosis between PCa cells and the tumor milieu and how this type of crosstalk may aid in the development of PCa is portrayed in this work. This review focuses on in-depth analysis and evaluation of the metabolic changes that occur within PCa, and also aims to assess the effect of metabolic abnormalities on the aggressiveness status and metabolism of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Reshma Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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13
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Ding Y, Fan B, Zhu C, Chen Z. Shared and Related Molecular Targets and Actions of Salicylic Acid in Plants and Humans. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020219. [PMID: 36672154 PMCID: PMC9856608 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic compound produced by all plants that has an important role in diverse processes of plant growth and stress responses. SA is also the principal metabolite of aspirin and is responsible for many of the anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective and antitumor activities of aspirin. As a result, the number of identified SA targets in both plants and humans is large and continues to increase. These SA targets include catalases/peroxidases, metabolic enzymes, protein kinases and phosphatases, nucleosomal and ribosomal proteins and regulatory and signaling proteins, which mediate the diverse actions of SA in plants and humans. While some of these SA targets and actions are unique to plants or humans, many others are conserved or share striking similarities in the two types of organisms, which underlie a host of common biological processes that are regulated or impacted by SA. In this review, we compare shared and related SA targets and activities to highlight the common nature of actions by SA as a hormone in plants versus a therapeutic agent in humans. The cross examination of SA targets and activities can help identify new actions of SA and better explain their underlying mechanisms in plants and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Baofang Fan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-571-8683-6090 (C.Z.); +1-765-494-4657 (Z.C.)
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-571-8683-6090 (C.Z.); +1-765-494-4657 (Z.C.)
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14
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Carrillo-Tripp M, Reyes Y, Delgado-Coello B, Mas-Oliva J, Gutiérrez-Vidal R. Peptide Helix-Y 12 as Potential Effector for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. PPAR Res 2023; 2023:8047378. [PMID: 37096195 PMCID: PMC10122583 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8047378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors involved in the regulation of lipids and glucose metabolism, and immune response. Therefore, they have been considered pharmacological targets for treating metabolic diseases, such as dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the available synthetic ligands of PPARs have mild to significant side effects, generating the necessity to identify new molecules that are selective PPAR ligands with specific biological responses. This study aimed to evaluate some components of the atheroprotective and hepatoprotective HB-ATV-8 nanoparticles [the amphipathic peptide Helix-Y12, thermozeaxanthin, thermozeaxanthin-13, thermozeaxanthin-15, and a set of glycolipids], as possible ligands of PPARs through blind molecular docking. According to the change in free energy upon protein-ligand binding, ∆G b, thermozeaxanthins show a more favorable interaction with PPARs, followed by Helix-Y12. Moreover, Helix-Y12 interacts with most parts of the Y-shaped ligand-binding domain (LBD), surrounding helix 3 of PPARs, and reaching helix 12 of PPARα and PPARγ. As previously reported for other ligands, Tyr314 and Tyr464 of PPARα interact with Helix-Y12 through hydrogen bonds. Several PPARα's amino acids are involved in the ligand binding by hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, we identified additional PPARs' amino acids interacting with Helix-Y12 through hydrogen bonds still not reported for known ligands. Our results show that, from the studied ligand set, the Helix-Y12 peptide and Tzeaxs have the most significant probability of binding to the PPARs' LBD, suggesting novel ligands for PPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Carrillo-Tripp
- Biomolecular Diversity Laboratory, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Monterrey, Vía del Conocimiento 201, PIIT, C.P. 66600, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Yair Reyes
- Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Monterrey, Vía del Conocimiento 201, PIIT, C.P. 66600, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Universidad Politécnica de Puebla, Tercer Carril del Ejido, Serrano s/n, Cuanalá, C.P. 7264, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Blanca Delgado-Coello
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Jaime Mas-Oliva
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Roxana Gutiérrez-Vidal
- Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Monterrey, Vía del Conocimiento 201, PIIT, C.P. 66600, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Programa de Investigadoras e Investigadores por México, Conacyt, CDMX, Mexico
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15
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Disalicylic Acid Provides Effective Control of Pectobacterium brasiliense. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122516. [PMID: 36557768 PMCID: PMC9784377 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bis(2-carboxyphenyl) succinate (disalicylic acid; DSA) is composed of two salicylic acids connected by a succinyl linker. Here, we propose its use as a new, synthetic plant-protection agent. DSA was shown to control Pectobacterium brasiliense, an emerging soft-rot pathogen of potato and ornamental crops, at minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) lower than those of salicylic acid. Our computational-docking analysis predicted that DSA would inhibit the quorum-sensing (QS) synthase of P. brasiliense ExpI more strongly than SA would. In fact, applying DSA to P. brasiliense inhibited its biofilm formation, secretion of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, motility and production of acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL) and, subsequently, impaired its virulence. DSA also inhibited the production of AHL by a QS-negative Escherichia coli strain (DH5α) that had been transformed with P. brasiliense AHL synthase, as demonstrated by the biosensors Chromobacterium violaceaum CV026 and E. coli pSB401. Inhibition of the QS machinery appears to be one of the mechanisms by which DSA inhibits specific virulence determinants. A new route is proposed for the synthesis of DSA, which holds greater potential for use as an anti-virulence agent than its precursor SA. Based on these findings, DSA is an excellent candidate for repurposing for new applications.
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16
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Wang Y, Long L, Yu Q, Zhang H, Li X, Zhuo L, Wang S, Wang Z. Discovery of carbamate-based Salicylic acid derivatives as novel Cholinesterase inhibitor. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Peng P, Li R, Chen ZH, Wang Y. Stomata at the crossroad of molecular interaction between biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1031891. [PMID: 36311113 PMCID: PMC9614343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1031891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global food production is threatened by harsh environmental conditions along with biotic stresses, requiring massive new research into integrated stress resistance in plants. Stomata play a pivotal role in response to many biotic and abiotic stresses, but their orchestrated interactions at the molecular, physiological, and biochemical levels were less investigated. Here, we reviewed the influence of drought, pathogen, and insect herbivory on stomata to provide a comprehensive overview in the context of stomatal regulation. We also summarized the molecular mechanisms of stomatal response triggered by these stresses. To further investigate the effect of stomata-herbivore interaction at a transcriptional level, integrated transcriptome studies from different plant species attacked by different pests revealed evidence of the crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress. Comprehensive understanding of the involvement of stomata in some plant-herbivore interactions may be an essential step towards herbivores' manipulation of plants, which provides insights for the development of integrated pest management strategies. Moreover, we proposed that stomata can function as important modulators of plant response to stress combination, representing an exciting frontier of plant science with a broad and precise view of plant biotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengshuai Peng
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Gondor OK, Pál M, Janda T, Szalai G. The role of methyl salicylate in plant growth under stress conditions. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 277:153809. [PMID: 36099699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Methyl salicylate is a volatile compound, the synthesis of which takes place via the salicylic acid pathway in plants. Both compounds can be involved in the development of systemic acquired resistance and they play their role partly independently. Salicylic acid transport has an important role in long-distance signalling, but methyl salicylate has also been suggested as a phloem-based mobile signal, which can be demethylated to form salicylic acid, inducing the de-novo synthesis of salicylic acid in distal tissue. Despite the fact that salicylic acid has a protective role in abiotic stress responses and tolerance, very few investigations have been reported on the similar effects of methyl salicylate. In addition, as salicylic acid and methyl salicylate are often treated simply as the volatile and non-volatile forms of the same compound, and in several cases they also act in the same way, it is hard to highlight the differences in their mode of action. The main aim of the present review is to reveal the individual role and action mechanism of methyl salicylate in systemic acquired resistance, plant-plant communication and various stress conditions in fruits and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Kinga Gondor
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary.
| | - Magda Pál
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
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19
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Soto W. Emerging Research Topics in the Vibrionaceae and the Squid- Vibrio Symbiosis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101946. [PMID: 36296224 PMCID: PMC9607633 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Vibrionaceae encompasses a cosmopolitan group that is mostly aquatic and possesses tremendous metabolic and genetic diversity. Given the importance of this taxon, it deserves continued and deeper research in a multitude of areas. This review outlines emerging topics of interest within the Vibrionaceae. Moreover, previously understudied research areas are highlighted that merit further exploration, including affiliations with marine plants (seagrasses), microbial predators, intracellular niches, and resistance to heavy metal toxicity. Agarases, phototrophy, phage shock protein response, and microbial experimental evolution are also fields discussed. The squid-Vibrio symbiosis is a stellar model system, which can be a useful guiding light on deeper expeditions and voyages traversing these "seas of interest". Where appropriate, the squid-Vibrio mutualism is mentioned in how it has or could facilitate the illumination of these various subjects. Additional research is warranted on the topics specified herein, since they have critical relevance for biomedical science, pharmaceuticals, and health care. There are also practical applications in agriculture, zymology, food science, and culinary use. The tractability of microbial experimental evolution is explained. Examples are given of how microbial selection studies can be used to examine the roles of chance, contingency, and determinism (natural selection) in shaping Earth's natural history.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Soto
- Integrated Science Center Rm 3035, Department of Biology, College of William & Mary, 540 Landrum Dr., Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
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20
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Yang Z, Xu J, Du L, Yin J, Wang Z, Yi F, Duan L, Li Z, Wang B, Shu K, Tan W. Design, Synthesis, and Action Mechanism of 1,3-Benzodioxole Derivatives as Potent Auxin Receptor Agonists and Root Growth Promoters. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:902902. [PMID: 35755644 PMCID: PMC9226723 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.902902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deeper and longer roots allow crops to survive and flourish, but our understanding of the plant growth regulators promoting root system establishment is limited. Here, we report that, a novel auxin receptor agonist, named K-10, had a remarkable promotive effect on root growth in both Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa through the enhancement of root-related signaling responses. Using computer-aided drug discovery approaches, we developed potent lead compound by screening artificial chemicals on the basis of the auxin receptor TIR1 (Transport Inhibitor Response 1), and a series of N-(benzo[d] [1,3] dioxol-5-yl)-2-(one-benzylthio) acetamides, K-1 to K-22, were designed and synthesized. The results of bioassay showed that K-10 exhibited an excellent root growth-promoting activity far exceeding that of NAA (1-naphthylacetic acid). A further morphological investigation of the auxin related mutants (yucQ, tir1) revealed that K-10 had auxin-like physiological functions and was recognized by TIR1, and K-10 significantly enhanced auxin response reporter's (DR5:GUS) transcriptional activity. Consistently, transcriptome analysis showed that K-10 induced a common transcriptional response with auxin and down-regulated the expression of root growth-inhibiting genes. Further molecular docking analysis revealed that K-10 had a stronger binding ability with TIR1 than NAA. These results indicated that this class of derivatives could be a promising scaffold for the discovery and development of novel auxin receptor agonists, and the employment of K-10 may be effective for enhancing root growth and crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Green Pharmaceutical Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Del-ta Region, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lin Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Yin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yi
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liusheng Duan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baomin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weiming Tan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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21
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Wong A, Gehring C. New Horizons in Plant Cell Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5826. [PMID: 35628641 PMCID: PMC9147848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Responding to environmental stimuli with appropriate molecular mechanisms is essential to all life forms and particularly so in sessile organisms such as plants [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Wenzhou 325060, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou 325060, China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou 325060, China
| | - Christoph Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology & Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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22
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alkazmi L, Habotta OA, Batiha GES. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in COVID-19: extrapolation of dangerous liaisons. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:811-820. [PMID: 35471628 PMCID: PMC9040700 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a multifunctional nuclear protein, exists mainly within the nucleus of all mammal eukaryotic cells. It is actively secreted by the necrotic cells as a response to the inflammatory signaling pathway. HMGB1 binds to receptor ligands as RAGE, and TLR and becomes a pro-inflammatory cytokine with a robust capacity to trigger inflammatory response. It is a critical mediator of the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation in numerous inflammatory disorders. Release of HMGB1 is associated with different viral infections and strongly participates in the regulation of viral replication cycles. In COVID-19 era, high HMGB1 serum levels were observed in COVID-19 patients and linked with the disease severity, development of cytokine storm (CS), acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2-induced cytolytic effect may encourage release of HMGB1 due to nuclear damage. Besides, HMGB1 activates release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from immune cells and up-regulation of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Therefore, targeting of the HMGB1 pathway by anti-HMGB1 agents, such as heparin, resveratrol and metformin, may decrease COVID-19 severity. HMGB1 signaling pathway has noteworthy role in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infections and linked with development of ALI and ARDS in COVID-19 patients. Different endogenous and exogenous agents may affect release and activation of HMGB1 pathway. Targeting of HMGB1-mediated TLR2/TLR4, RAGE and MAPK signaling, might be a new promising drug candidate against development of ALI and/or ARDS in severely affected COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Luay Alkazmi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola A Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
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23
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Marmitt DJ. Potential plants for inflammatory dysfunction in the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:749-773. [PMID: 35389124 PMCID: PMC8987270 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory process is a biological response of the organism to remove injurious stimuli and initiate homeostasis. It has been recognized as a key player in the most severe forms of SARS-CoV-2, characterized by significantly increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, the so-called "cytokine storm" that appears to play a pivotal role in this disease. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to select clinical trials with anti-inflammatory plants and relate the activity of these plants to inflammatory markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PRISMA guidelines are followed, and studies of interest are indexed in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. As a result, 32 clinical trials encompassing 22 plants were selected. The main anti-inflammatory mechanisms described in the studies are the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-a, IFN-γ, and IL-1; decreased CRP and oxidative marker levels; increased endogenous antioxidant levels; modulation of cardiovascular risk markers. The data found are not directly related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, they provide possibilities for new studies as plants have a wide array of phytochemicals, and detecting which ones are responsible for anti-inflammatory effects can provide invaluable contribution to studies aiming to evaluate efficacy in scenarios of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diorge Jônatas Marmitt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Do Vale Do Taquari - Univates, Avelino Talini Street, 171, Lajeado, RS, 95914-014, Brazil.
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24
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Shi RJ, Fan HY, Yu XH, Tang YL, Jiang J, Liang XH. Advances of podophyllotoxin and its derivatives: patterns and mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 200:115039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Bagautdinova ZZ, Omelyanchuk N, Tyapkin AV, Kovrizhnykh VV, Lavrekha VV, Zemlyanskaya EV. Salicylic Acid in Root Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042228. [PMID: 35216343 PMCID: PMC8875895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone that mediates a plant’s defense against pathogens. SA also takes an active role in a plant’s response to various abiotic stresses, including chilling, drought, salinity, and heavy metals. In addition, in recent years, numerous studies have confirmed the important role of SA in plant morphogenesis. In this review, we summarize data on changes in root morphology following SA treatments under both normal and stress conditions. Finally, we provide evidence for the role of SA in maintaining the balance between stress responses and morphogenesis in plant development, and also for the presence of SA crosstalk with other plant hormones during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfira Z. Bagautdinova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.Z.B.); (N.O.); (A.V.T.); (V.V.K.); (V.V.L.)
| | - Nadya Omelyanchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.Z.B.); (N.O.); (A.V.T.); (V.V.K.); (V.V.L.)
| | - Aleksandr V. Tyapkin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.Z.B.); (N.O.); (A.V.T.); (V.V.K.); (V.V.L.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vasilina V. Kovrizhnykh
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.Z.B.); (N.O.); (A.V.T.); (V.V.K.); (V.V.L.)
| | - Viktoriya V. Lavrekha
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.Z.B.); (N.O.); (A.V.T.); (V.V.K.); (V.V.L.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena V. Zemlyanskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.Z.B.); (N.O.); (A.V.T.); (V.V.K.); (V.V.L.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Wurms K, Ah Chee A, Stannard K, Anderson R, Jensen D, Cooney J, Hedderley D. Defence Responses Associated with Elicitor-Induced, Cultivar-Associated Resistance to Latania Scale in Kiwifruit. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:10. [PMID: 35009014 PMCID: PMC8747134 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Latania scale insect is a pest of global significance affecting kiwifruit. The sessile insect (life stage: settled crawler-mature adult) is covered with a waxy cap that protects it from topical pesticides, so increasingly, a selection of resistant cultivars and application of elicitors are being used in pest control. Thus far, the application of a salicylic acid (SA) phytohormone pathway elicitor, acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), has been shown to reduce insect development (as indicated by cap size) on one kiwifruit cultivar ('Hayward'). To investigate how cultivar-associated resistance is affected by the ability to respond to different elicitors, we measured phytohormones (by LCMS) and gene expression (by qPCR and NanoString) on latania scale-tolerant 'Hort16A' and susceptible 'Hayward' kiwifruit over two seasons. Potted plants in the presence/absence of settled latania scales were treated with ASM (0.2 g/L) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 0.05% v/v), representing elicitors of the SA and JA signalling pathways, respectively. 'Hort16A' cultivar resistance to latania scale was associated with elevated expression of SA and SA-related defence genes (PR1 and two PR2 family genes) in the ASM treatment. MeJA treatments did not significantly affect insect development in 'Hayward' (latania scale did not survive on 'Hort16A') and did not correlate with phytohormone and gene expression measurements in either cultivar. 'Hayward' had greater concentrations than 'Hort16A' of inert storage forms of both SA and JA across all treatments. This information contributes to the selection of tolerant cultivars and the effective use of elicitors for control of latania scale in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Wurms
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 3230, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (A.A.C.); (D.J.); (J.C.)
| | - Annette Ah Chee
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 3230, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (A.A.C.); (D.J.); (J.C.)
| | - Kate Stannard
- Plant & Food Research, 412 No. 1 Road, RD2, Te Puke 3182, New Zealand; (K.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Rachelle Anderson
- Plant & Food Research, 412 No. 1 Road, RD2, Te Puke 3182, New Zealand; (K.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Dwayne Jensen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 3230, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (A.A.C.); (D.J.); (J.C.)
| | - Janine Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 3230, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (A.A.C.); (D.J.); (J.C.)
| | - Duncan Hedderley
- Plant & Food Research, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
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Khan FS, Gan ZM, Li EQ, Ren MK, Hu CG, Zhang JZ. Transcriptomic and physiological analysis reveals interplay between salicylic acid and drought stress in citrus tree floral initiation. PLANTA 2021; 255:24. [PMID: 34928452 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) and drought stress promote more flowering in sweet orange. The physiological response and molecular mechanism underlying stress-induced floral initiation were discovered by transcriptome profiling. Numerous flowering-regulated genes were identified, and ectopically expressed CsLIP2A promotes early flowering in Arabidopsis. Floral initiation is a critical developmental mechanism associated with external factors, and citrus flowering is mainly regulated by drought stress. However, little is known about the intricate regulatory network involved in stress-induced flowering in citrus. To understand the molecular mechanism of floral initiation in citrus, flower induction was performed on potted Citrus sinensis trees under the combined treatment of salicylic acid (SA) and drought (DR). Physiological analysis revealed that SA treatment significantly normalized the drastic effect of drought stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, and CAT), relative leaf water content, total chlorophyll, and proline contents and promoting more flowering than drought treatment. Analysis of transcriptome changes in leaves from different treatments showed that 1135, 2728 and 957 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were revealed in response to DR, SD (SA + DR), and SA (SA + well water) treatments in comparison with the well watered plants, respectively. A total of 2415, 2318 and 1933 DEGs were expressed in DR, SD, and SA in comparison with water recovery, respectively. Some key flowering genes were more highly expressed in SA-treated drought plants than in DR-treated plants. GO enrichment revealed that SA treatment enhances the regulation and growth of meristem activity under drought conditions, but no such a pathway was found to be highly enriched in the control. Furthermore, we focused on various hormones, sugars, starch metabolism, and biosynthesis-related genes. The KEGG analysis demonstrated that DEGs enriched in starch sucrose metabolism and hormonal signal transduction pathways probably account for stress-induced floral initiation in citrus. In addition, a citrus LIPOYLTRANSFERSAE 2A homologous (LIP2A) gene was upregulated by SD treatment. Ectopic expression of CsLIP2A exhibited early flowering in transgenic Arabidopsis. Taken together, this study provides new insight that contributes to citrus tree floral initiation under the SA-drought scenario as well as an excellent reference for stress-induced floral initiation in woody trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Shafique Khan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi-Meng Gan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - En-Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Meng-Ke Ren
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Dassanayake MK, Khoo TJ, An J. Antibiotic resistance modifying ability of phytoextracts in anthrax biological agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbugs: a review of synergistic mechanisms. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2021; 20:79. [PMID: 34856999 PMCID: PMC8641154 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-021-00485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The chemotherapeutic management of infections has become challenging due to the global emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria. The recent expansion of studies on plant-derived natural products has lead to the discovery of a plethora of phytochemicals with the potential to combat bacterial drug resistance via various mechanisms of action. This review paper summarizes the primary antibiotic resistance mechanisms of bacteria and also discusses the antibiotic-potentiating ability of phytoextracts and various classes of isolated phytochemicals in reversing antibiotic resistance in anthrax agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbug bacteria. Methods Growth inhibitory indices and fractional inhibitory concentration index were applied to evaluate the in vitro synergistic activity of phytoextract-antibiotic combinations in general. Findings A number of studies have indicated that plant-derived natural compounds are capable of significantly reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration of standard antibiotics by altering drug-resistance mechanisms of B. anthracis and other superbug infection causing bacteria. Phytochemical compounds allicin, oleanolic acid, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin and Jatropha curcas extracts were exceptional synergistic potentiators of various standard antibiotics. Conclusion Considering these facts, phytochemicals represents a valuable and novel source of bioactive compounds with potent antibiotic synergism to modulate bacterial drug-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackingsley Kushan Dassanayake
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia.
| | - Teng-Jin Khoo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Jia An
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Weed RA, Savchenko KG, Lessin LM, Carris LM, Gang DR. Untargeted Metabolomic Investigation of Wheat Infected with Stinking Smut Tilletia caries. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:2343-2354. [PMID: 34865506 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-20-0383-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tilletia caries infection of wheat (Triticum aestivum) has become an increasing problem in organic wheat agriculture throughout the world. Little is known about how this pathogen alters host metabolism to ensure a successful infection. We investigated how T. caries allocates resources from wheat for its growth over the life cycle of the pathogen. An untargeted metabolomics approach that combined gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry platforms was used to determine which primary or specialized metabolite pathways are targeted and altered during T. caries infection. We found that T. caries does not dramatically alter the global metabolome of wheat but instead alters key metabolites for its own nutrient uptake and to antagonize host defenses by reducing wheat's sweet immunity response and other related pathways. Our results highlight metabolic characteristics needed for selecting wheat varieties that are resistant to T. caries infection for organic agriculture. In addition, several wheat metabolites were identified that could be used in developing a diagnostic tool for early detection of T. caries infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Weed
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Kyryll G Savchenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208
| | - Leandro M Lessin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Lori M Carris
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - David R Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
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Li L, Zhu T, Song Y, Feng L, Kear PJ, Riseh RS, Sitohy M, Datla R, Ren M. Salicylic acid fights against Fusarium wilt by inhibiting target of rapamycin signaling pathway in Fusarium oxysporum. J Adv Res 2021; 39:1-13. [PMID: 35777900 PMCID: PMC9263656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolating and sequencing the genome of F. oxysporum from potato tubers with dry rot symptoms. SA efficiently arrests hyphal growth, sporular production and pathogenicity of F. oxysporum. SA inhibits the activity of FoTORC1 via activating FoSNF1 in F. oxysporum. Transgenic potato plants with interference of FoTOR1 and FoSAH1 genes prevent the occurrence of Fusarium wilt. Providing insights SA into controlling various fungal diseases by targeting the SNF1-TORC1 pathway of pathogens.
Introduction Objectives Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxuan Li
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yun Song
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Li Feng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Philip James Kear
- International Potato Center (CIP) China Center Asia Pacific, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Rooallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Sitohy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Raju Datla
- Global Institute for Food Security in Saskatoon, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N0W9, Canada
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China.
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Li G, Peng X, Guo Y, Gong S, Cao S, Qiu F. Currently Available Strategies for Target Identification of Bioactive Natural Products. Front Chem 2021; 9:761609. [PMID: 34660543 PMCID: PMC8515416 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.761609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, biologically active natural products have gradually become important agents in the field of drug research and development because of their wide availability and variety. However, the target sites of many natural products are yet to be identified, which is a setback in the pharmaceutical industry and has seriously hindered the translation of research findings of these natural products as viable candidates for new drug exploitation. This review systematically describes the commonly used strategies for target identification via the application of probe and non-probe approaches. The merits and demerits of each method were summarized using recent examples, with the goal of comparing currently available methods and selecting the optimum techniques for identifying the targets of bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuling Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajing Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoxuan Gong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shijie Cao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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A Ubiquitously Expressed UDP-Glucosyltransferase, UGT74J1, Controls Basal Salicylic Acid Levels in Rice. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091875. [PMID: 34579409 PMCID: PMC8469147 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a phytohormone that regulates a variety of physiological and developmental processes, including disease resistance. SA is a key signaling component in the immune response of many plant species. However, the mechanism underlying SA-mediated immunity is obscure in rice (Oryza sativa). Prior analysis revealed a correlation between basal SA level and blast resistance in a range of rice varieties. This suggested that resistance might be improved by increasing basal SA level. Here, we identified a novel UDP-glucosyltransferase gene, UGT74J1, which is expressed ubiquitously throughout plant development. Mutants of UGT74J1 generated by genome editing accumulated high levels of SA under non-stressed conditions, indicating that UGT74J1 is a key enzyme for SA homeostasis in rice. Microarray analysis revealed that the ugt74j1 mutants constitutively overexpressed a set of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. An inoculation assay demonstrated that these mutants had increased resistance against rice blast, but they also exhibited stunted growth phenotypes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a rice mutant displaying SA overaccumulation.
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Strigolactones, from Plants to Human Health: Achievements and Challenges. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154579. [PMID: 34361731 PMCID: PMC8348160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of sesquiterpenoid plant hormones that play a role in the response of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses. When released into the rhizosphere, they are perceived by both beneficial symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic plants. Due to their multiple roles, SLs are potentially interesting agricultural targets. Indeed, the use of SLs as agrochemicals can favor sustainable agriculture via multiple mechanisms, including shaping root architecture, promoting ideal branching, stimulating nutrient assimilation, controlling parasitic weeds, mitigating drought and enhancing mycorrhization. Moreover, over the last few years, a number of studies have shed light onto the effects exerted by SLs on human cells and on their possible applications in medicine. For example, SLs have been demonstrated to play a key role in the control of pathways related to apoptosis and inflammation. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind their action has inspired further investigations into their effects on human cells and their possible uses as anti-cancer and antimicrobial agents.
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Cui J, Jia J. Natural COX-2 Inhibitors as Promising Anti-inflammatory Agents: An Update. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3622-3646. [PMID: 32942970 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200917150939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COX-2, a key enzyme that catalyzed the rate-limiting steps in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, played a pivotal role in the inflammatory process. Different from other family members, COX-2 was barely detectable in normal physiological conditions and highly inducible during the acute inflammatory response of human bodies to injuries or infections. Therefore, the therapeutic utilization of selective COX-2 inhibitors has already been considered as an effective approach for the treatment of inflammation with diminished side effects. Currently, both traditional and newer NSAIDs are the commonly prescribed medications that treat inflammatory diseases by targeting COX-2. However, due to the cardiovascular side-effects of the NSAIDs, finding reasonable alternatives for these frequently prescribed medicines are a hot spot in medicinal chemistry research. Naturallyoccurring compounds have been reported to inhibit COX-2, thereby possessing beneficial effects against inflammation and certain cell injury. The review mainly concentrated on recently identified natural products and derivatives as COX-2 inhibitors, the characteristics of their structural core scaffolds, their anti-inflammatory effects, molecular mechanisms for enzymatic inhibition, and related structure-activity relationships. According to the structural features, the natural COX-2 inhibitors were mainly divided into the following categories: natural phenols, flavonoids, stilbenes, terpenoids, quinones, and alkaloids. Apart from the anti-inflammatory activities, a few dietary COX-2 inhibitors from nature origin also exhibited chemopreventive effects by targeting COX-2-mediated carcinogenesis. The utilization of these natural remedies in future cancer prevention was also discussed. In all, the survey on the characterized COX-2 inhibitors from natural sources paves the way for the further development of more potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinping Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential plant defense hormone that promotes immunity against biotrophic and semibiotrophic pathogens. It plays crucial roles in basal defense and the amplification of local immune responses, as well as the establishment of systemic acquired resistance. During the past three decades, immense progress has been made in understanding the biosynthesis, homeostasis, perception, and functions of SA. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding SA in plant immunity and other biological processes. We highlight recent breakthroughs that substantially advanced our understanding of how SA is biosynthesized from isochorismate, how it is perceived, and how SA receptors regulate different aspects of plant immunity. Some key questions in SA biosynthesis and signaling, such as how SA is produced via another intermediate, benzoic acid, and how SA affects the activities of its receptors in the transcriptional regulation of defense genes, remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Peng
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; , , ,
| | - Jianfei Yang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; , , ,
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; , , ,
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; , , ,
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36
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Crystalline salicylic acid as an efficient catalyst for ultrafast Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis under microwave induction. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Li J, Xiao Y, Fan Q, Liao Y, Wang X, Fu X, Gu D, Chen Y, Zhou B, Tang J, Zeng L. Transformation of Salicylic Acid and Its Distribution in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis) at the Tissue and Subcellular Levels. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:282. [PMID: 33540509 PMCID: PMC7912924 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-known immune-related hormone that has been well studied in model plants. However, less attention has been paid to the presence of SA and its derivatives in economic plants, such as tea plants (Camellia sinensis). This study showed that tea plants were rich in SA and responded differently to different pathogens. Feeding experiments in tea tissues further confirmed the transformation of SA into salicylic acid 2-O-β-glucoside (SAG) and methyl salicylate. Nonaqueous fractionation techniques confirmed that SA and SAG were mostly distributed in the cytosol of tea leaves, consistent with distributions in other plant species. Furthermore, the stem epidermis contained more SA than the stem core both in C. sinensis cv. "Jinxuan" (small-leaf species) and "Yinghong No. 9" (large-leaf species). Compared with cv. "Yinghong No. 9", cv. "Jinxuan" contained more SAG in the stem epidermis, which might explain its lower incidence rate of wilt disease. This information will improve understanding of SA occurrence in tea plants and provide a basis for investigating the relationship between SA and disease resistance in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Li
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, No. 6 Dafeng Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China; (J.L.); (Y.C.); (B.Z.)
| | - Yangyang Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Y.X.); (Q.F.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (X.F.); (D.G.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Y.X.); (Q.F.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (X.F.); (D.G.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Rongjiang New District, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yinyin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Y.X.); (Q.F.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (X.F.); (D.G.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Y.X.); (Q.F.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (X.F.); (D.G.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiumin Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Y.X.); (Q.F.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (X.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Dachuan Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Y.X.); (Q.F.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (X.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Yiyong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, No. 6 Dafeng Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China; (J.L.); (Y.C.); (B.Z.)
| | - Bo Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, No. 6 Dafeng Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China; (J.L.); (Y.C.); (B.Z.)
| | - Jinchi Tang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, No. 6 Dafeng Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China; (J.L.); (Y.C.); (B.Z.)
| | - Lanting Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Y.X.); (Q.F.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (X.F.); (D.G.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Islam MZ, Park B, Lee Y. Bioactive Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacity of Wheatgrass Treated with Salicylic Acid under Organic Soil Cultivation. Chem Biodivers 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zahirul Islam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Gachon University Seongnam 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Buem‐Jun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Gachon University Seongnam 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Tack Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Gachon University Seongnam 13120 Republic of Korea
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Verchot J, Pajerowska-Mukhtar KM. UPR signaling at the nexus of plant viral, bacterial, and fungal defenses. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 47:9-17. [PMID: 33360330 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years there have been significant advances in our understanding of the ER stress responses in plants that are associated with virus infection, as well as bacterial and fungal diseases. In plants, ER stress induced by virus infection includes several signaling pathways that include the unfolded protein response (UPR) to promote the expression of chaperone proteins for proper protein folding. Understanding how facets of ER stress signaling broadly engage in pathogen responses, as well as those that are specific to virus infection is important to distinguishing features essential for broad cellular defenses and processes that may be specifically linked to viral infectivity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanmarie Verchot
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA..
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40
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Tan S, Di Donato M, Glanc M, Zhang X, Klíma P, Liu J, Bailly A, Ferro N, Petrášek J, Geisler M, Friml J. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Target TWISTED DWARF1-Regulated Actin Dynamics and Auxin Transport-Mediated Plant Development. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108463. [PMID: 33264621 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are derivatives of the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA). SA is well known to regulate plant immunity and development, whereas there have been few reports focusing on the effects of NSAIDs in plants. Our studies here reveal that NSAIDs exhibit largely overlapping physiological activities to SA in the model plant Arabidopsis. NSAID treatments lead to shorter and agravitropic primary roots and inhibited lateral root organogenesis. Notably, in addition to the SA-like action, which in roots involves binding to the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), NSAIDs also exhibit PP2A-independent effects. Cell biological and biochemical analyses reveal that many NSAIDs bind directly to and inhibit the chaperone activity of TWISTED DWARF1, thereby regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and subsequent endosomal trafficking. Our findings uncover an unexpected bioactivity of human pharmaceuticals in plants and provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the cellular action of this class of anti-inflammatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Martin Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Matouš Glanc
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Klíma
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Bailly
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noel Ferro
- University of Bonn, Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Markus Geisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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41
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Agurla S, Sunitha V, Raghavendra AS. Methyl salicylate is the most effective natural salicylic acid ester to close stomata while raising reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in Arabidopsis guard cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:276-283. [PMID: 33152646 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Modulation by salicylic acid (SA) and its six esters of stomatal closure was evaluated in Arabidopsis thaliana. The seven compounds tested are salicylic acid (SA), acetylsalicylate (ASA), methyl salicylate (MeSA), propyl salicylate (PrSA), amyl salicylate, benzyl salicylate, and salicin. Among these, MeSA was the most effective to induce stomatal closure, followed by salicin and SA, while ASA was the least effective. Since SA, ASA, and MeSA could modulate plant function, the effects of these three compounds on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or nitric oxide (NO) in guard cells were studied. MeSA and SA raised the content of ROS or NO in as with ABA. The extent of ROS/NO production in response to ASA was the lowest. Reversal by cPTIO or catalase of stomatal closure by MeSA indicated the essentiality of NO and ROS for stomatal closure. Further studies revealed peroxidase as the ROS source during stomatal closure by MeSA, unlike the dominant role of NADPH oxidase in ROS production induced by ABA. The rise in NO production by ABA or MeSA was dependent on nitrate reductase and NO synthase-like enzyme. Given its most effective nature, MeSA can be an excellent tool to examine the signaling components in guard cells and other plant tissues. The ability of MeSA to induce stomatal closure is physiologically relevant because of its volatile nature, stability, and systemic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Agurla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Vaidya Sunitha
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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42
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Yeasmin F, Choi HW. Natural Salicylates and Their Roles in Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239049. [PMID: 33260759 PMCID: PMC7731389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone which plays a crucial role in the plant defense against various pathogens and abiotic stresses. Increasing reports suggest that this phenolic compound and its derivatives, collectively termed salicylates, not only regulate plant defense but also have beneficial effects on human health. Both natural and synthetic salicylates are known to have multiple targets in humans, thereby exhibiting various appreciating pharmacological roles, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidiabetic effects, and so on. The role of some salicylates, such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine), and amorfrutins in human diseases has been well studied in vitro. However, their clinical significance in different diseases is largely unknown. Based on recent studies, five natural salicylates, including amorfrutin, ginkgolic acid, grifolic acid, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, and cannabidiolic acid, showed potential roles in different challenging human diseases. This review summarizes together some of the recent information on multitarget regulatory activities of these natural salicylates and their pharmacological roles in human health.
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43
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Concurrent Metabolic Profiling and Quantification of Aromatic Amino Acids and Phytohormones in Solanum lycopersicum Plants Responding to Phytophthora capsici. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110466. [PMID: 33207638 PMCID: PMC7696014 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms account for large production losses in the agricultural sector. Phytophthora capsici is an oomycete that causes blight and fruit rot in important crops, especially those in the Solanaceae family. P. capsici infection is difficult to control due to genetic diversity, arising from sexual reproduction, and resistant spores that remain dormant in soil. In this study, the metabolomics of tomato plants responding to infection by P. capsici were investigated. Non-targeted metabolomics, based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS), were used with multivariate data analyses to investigate time-dependent metabolic reprogramming in the roots, stems, and leaves of stem-infected plants, over an 8 day period. In addition, phytohormones and amino acids were determined using quantitative LC-MS. Methyl salicylate and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate were detected as major signalling molecules in the defensive response to P. capsici. As aromatic amino acid precursors of secondary metabolic pathways, both phenylalanine and tryptophan showed a continuous increase over time in all tissues, whereas tyrosine peaked at day 4. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis revealed phenylpropanoids, benzoic acids, glycoalkaloids, flavonoids, amino acids, organic acids, and fatty acids as the major classes of reprogrammed metabolites. Correlation analysis showed that metabolites derived from the same pathway, or synthesised by different pathways, could either have a positive or negative correlation. Furthermore, roots, stems, and leaves showed contrasting time-dependent metabolic reprogramming, possibly related to the biotrophic vs. necrotrophic life-stages of the pathogen, and overlapping biotic and abiotic stress signaling. As such, the targeted and untargeted approaches complemented each other, to provide a detailed view of key time-dependent metabolic changes, occurring in both the asymptomatic and symptomatic stages of infection.
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44
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Zeng L, Zhou X, Liao Y, Yang Z. Roles of specialized metabolites in biological function and environmental adaptability of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) as a metabolite studying model. J Adv Res 2020; 34:159-171. [PMID: 35024188 PMCID: PMC8655122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aim of review Key scientific concepts of review
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45
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Fedorova DD, Nazarova DS, Avetyan DL, Shatskiy A, Belyanin ML, Kärkäs MD, Stepanova EV. Divergent Synthesis of Natural Benzyl Salicylate and Benzyl Gentisate Glucosides. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3173-3180. [PMID: 33008263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein is reported the first total synthesis of benzyl salicylate and benzyl gentisate glucosides present in various plant species, in particular the Salix genus, such as Populus balsamifera and P. trichocarpa. The method permits the synthesis of several natural phenolic acid derivatives and their glucosides starting from salicylic or gentisic acid. The divergent approach afforded access to three different acetylated glucosides from a common synthetic intermediate. The key step in the total synthesis of naturally occurring glycosides-the selective deacetylation of the sugar moiety-was achieved in the presence of a labile benzyl ester group by employing mild deacetylation conditions. The protocol permitted synthesis of trichocarpine (4 steps, 40% overall yield), isotrichocarpine (3 steps, 51% overall yield), trichoside (6 steps, 40% overall yield), and deoxytrichocarpine (3 steps, 42% overall yield) for the first time (>95% purity). Also, the optimized mild deacetylation conditions allowed synthesis of 2-O-acetylated derivatives of all four glycosides (5-17% overall yield, 90-95% purity), which are rare plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David L Avetyan
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Siberian State Medical University, Moskovskiy Trakt 2, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Andrey Shatskiy
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
| | - Maxim L Belyanin
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
| | - Elena V Stepanova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
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46
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Naeem M, Sadiq Y, Jahan A, Nabi A, Aftab T, Khan MMA. Salicylic acid restrains arsenic induced oxidative burst in two varieties of Artemisia annua L. by modulating antioxidant defence system and artemisinin production. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110851. [PMID: 32673966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a harmful and toxic substance to the growth and development of plants. Salicylic acid (SA) acts as a signaling molecule, plays pivotal roles in the overall growth and development of plants under various environmental stresses. Artemisinin extracted from the leaves of A. annua helps in malarial treatment. The present investigation is aimed to find out the possible ameliorative role of exogenously-applied salicylic acid (SA) on two varieties of Artemisia annua L., namely 'CIM-Arogya' and 'Jeevan Raksha' under arsenic (As) stress conditions. For this, growth, physiological and biochemical characterization, and artemisinin production was assessed. The various treatments applied on the plants were Control, 10-6 M SA, 10-5 M SA, 45 mg kg-1As, 45 mg kg-1 As + 10-6 M SA, and 45 mg kg-1 As + 10-5 M SA. Arsenic at 45 mg kg-1 of soil, reducing the overall performance of both varieties at 90 and 120 DAP. However, the levels of antioxidants were enhanced in As-stressed plants, and the supplementation of SA further increased these antioxidants in SA-treated plants. It has been observed that minimum reduction in growth and yield occurs with enhanced production of artemisinin in the case of 'CIM-Arogya' compared to 'Jeevan Raksha' under As stress (45 mg kg-1 of soil). Leaf-applied SA significantly increased the content (49.0% & 43.4%) and yield (53.3% & 46.3%) of artemisinin in both tolerant and sensitive varieties as compared to their respective controls. Thus, the variety 'CIM-Arogya' showed tolerant behavior over 'Jeevan Raksha' and is much adapted to higher As stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Naeem
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India.
| | - Yawar Sadiq
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - Ajmat Jahan
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - Aarifa Nabi
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - Tariq Aftab
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - M Masroor A Khan
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
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47
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Dionísio R, Daniel D, Arenas F, Campos JC, Costa PC, Nunes B, Correia AT. Effects of pH on salicylic acid toxicity in terms of biomarkers determined in the marine gastropod Gibbula umbilicalis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 158:104995. [PMID: 32501266 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of the physical-chemical properties of the oceans due to anthropogenic activities are, at present, one of the most concerning environmental issues studied by researchers. One of these issues is ocean acidification, mainly caused by overproduction and release of carbon dioxide (CO2) from anthropogenic sources. Another component of environmental degradation is related to the production and release of potential toxic compounds, namely active pharmaceutical ingredients, into the aquatic environment that, combined with oceanic acidification, can cause unpredictable and never before considered deleterious effects on non-target marine organisms. Regarding this issue, the hereby study used predictions of future ocean acidification to simulate realistic scenarios of environmental exposure to a common therapeutic drug, salicylic acid (SA), in the marine gastropod Gibbula umbilicalis under different pH values. This species was exposed to a range of pH values (8.2, 7.9 and 7.6), and to already reported environmentally realistic concentrations (5, 25 and 125 μg/L) of SA. To evaluate the effects of these environmental stressors, key physiological biomarkers (GSTs, CAT, TBARS, AChE and COX) and shell hardness (SH) were quantified. Results from the present study showed that CAT and GSTs activities were enhanced by SA under water acidification; increased lipid peroxidation was also observed in organisms exposed to SA in more acidic media. In addition, the hereby study demonstrated the neurotoxic effects of SA through the inhibition of AChE. Effects were also observed in terms of COX activity, showing that SA absorption may be affected by water acidification. In terms of SH, the obtained data suggest that SA may alter the physical integrity of shells of exposed organisms. It is possible to conclude that the combination of seawater acidification and exposure to toxic xenobiotics (namely to the drug SA) may be strenuous to marine communities, making aquatic biota more susceptible to xenobiotics, and consequently endangering marine life in an unpredictable extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Dionísio
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro (DBIO-UA), Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - David Daniel
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro (DBIO-UA), Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Francisco Arenas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - João C Campos
- Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas (UCIBIO-REQUIMTE), MedTech - Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo C Costa
- Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas (UCIBIO-REQUIMTE), MedTech - Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro (DBIO-UA), Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Alberto Teodorico Correia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa (FCS/UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
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48
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Ding P, Ding Y. Stories of Salicylic Acid: A Plant Defense Hormone. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:549-565. [PMID: 32407695 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a key plant hormone required for establishing resistance to many pathogens. SA biosynthesis involves two main metabolic pathways with multiple steps: the isochorismate and the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase pathways. Transcriptional regulations of SA biosynthesis are important for fine-tuning SA level in plants. We highlight here recent discoveries on SA biosynthesis and transcriptional regulations of SA biosynthesis. In addition, SA perception by NPR proteins is important to fulfil its function as a defense hormone. We highlight recent work to give a full picture of how NPR proteins support the role of SA in plant immunity. We also discuss challenges and potential opportunities for future research and application related to the functions of SA in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingtao Ding
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Yuli Ding
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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49
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Chen X, Wang Y, Ma N, Tian J, Shao Y, Zhu B, Wong YK, Liang Z, Zou C, Wang J. Target identification of natural medicine with chemical proteomics approach: probe synthesis, target fishing and protein identification. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:72. [PMID: 32435053 PMCID: PMC7239890 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are an important source of new drugs for the treatment of various diseases. However, developing natural product-based new medicines through random moiety modification is a lengthy and costly process, due in part to the difficulties associated with comprehensively understanding the mechanism of action and the side effects. Identifying the protein targets of natural products is an effective strategy, but most medicines interact with multiple protein targets, which complicate this process. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers have begun to screen the target proteins of natural products with chemical proteomics approaches, which can provide a more comprehensive array of the protein targets of active small molecules in an unbiased manner. Typically, chemical proteomics experiments for target identification consist of two key steps: (1) chemical probe design and synthesis and (2) target fishing and identification. In recent decades, five different types of chemical proteomic probes and their respective target fishing methods have been developed to screen targets of molecules with different structures, and a variety of protein identification approaches have been invented. Presently, we will classify these chemical proteomics approaches, the application scopes and characteristics of the different types of chemical probes, the different protein identification methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, and College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, and College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, and College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yurou Shao
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, and College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, and College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yin Kwan Wong
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Chang Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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50
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Freitas R, Silvestro S, Coppola F, Meucci V, Battaglia F, Intorre L, Soares AMVM, Pretti C, Faggio C. Combined effects of salinity changes and salicylic acid exposure in Mytilus galloprovincialis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136804. [PMID: 32006781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and Personal care products (PPCPs) are frequently released into several marine matrices, representing significant environmental and ecotoxicological risks. Among the widest spread PPCPs in aquatic systems is Salicylic acid (SA), with known negative effects on marine and freshwater species. Nevertheless, the toxicity resulting from these emerging pollutants, including SA, together with climate change has still received little attention up to date. Among climate change related factors salinity is one that most affects aquatic organisms. To better understand the combined impacts of SA and salinity, the present study evaluated the biochemical alterations induced in Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels exposed to SA and different salinity levels, acting individually and in combination. The effects observed clearly highlighted that cellular damages were mainly observed at higher salinity (35), with no additive or synergistic effects derived from the combined presence of SA. Higher antioxidant capacity of mussels in the presence of SA may prevent increased LPO levels in comparison to uncontaminated mussels. Nevertheless, in the presence of SA mussels revealed loss of redox balance, regardless of the salinity level. Furthermore, mussels exposed to SA at control salinity showed increased metabolic capacity which decreased when exposed to salinities 25 and 35. These findings may indicate the protective capacity of mussels towards higher stressful conditions, with lower energy reserves expenditure when in the presence of SA and salinities out of their optimal range. Although limited cellular damages were observed, changes on mussel's redox balance, antioxidant mechanisms and metabolism derived from the combined exposure to SA and salinity changes may compromise mussel's growth and reproduction. Overall, the present study highlights the need to investigate the impacts induced by pollutants under present and future climate change scenarios, towards a more realistic environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Serena Silvestro
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Coppola
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Luigi Intorre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Italy; Consorzio per il Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata "G. Bacci" (CIBM), Livorno, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
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