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Ziętara KJ, Wróblewska K, Zajączkowska M, Taczała J, Lejman M. The Role of the JAK-STAT Pathway in Childhood B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6844. [PMID: 38999955 PMCID: PMC11241568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia is a hematologic neoplasm that poses a serious health concern in childhood. Genetic aberrations, such as mutations in the genes IL-7, IL7R, JAK1, JAK2, TLSP, CRLF2, and KTM2A or gene fusions involving BCR::ABL1, ETV6::RUNX1, and PAX5::JAK2, often correlate with the onset of this disease. These aberrations can lead to malfunction of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which is implicated in various important biological processes, including those related to immunology. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the malfunction of the JAK-STAT pathway holds potential for research on drugs targeting its components. Available drugs that interfere with the JAK-STAT pathway include fludarabine, ruxolitinib, and fedratinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Joanna Ziętara
- Student Scientific Society, Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.J.Z.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
| | - Kinga Wróblewska
- Student Scientific Society, Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.J.Z.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
| | - Monika Zajączkowska
- Student Scientific Society, Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.J.Z.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
| | - Joanna Taczała
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Monika Lejman
- Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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Li D, Ma Y, Miao Y, Liu S, Bi Y, Ji Y, Wu Q, Zhou C, Ma Y. Peritoneal B1 and B2 cells respond differently to LPS and IL-21 stimulation. Mol Immunol 2024; 170:46-56. [PMID: 38615627 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Peritoneal B cells can be divided into B1 cells (CD11b+CD19+) and B2 cells (CD11b-CD19+) based on CD11b expression. B1 cells play a crucial role in the innate immune response by producing natural antibodies and cytokines. B2 cells share similar traits with B1 cells, influenced by the peritoneal environment. However, the response of both B1 and B2 cells to the same stimuli in the peritoneum remains uncertain. We isolated peritoneal B1 and B2 cells from mice and assessed differences in Interleukin-10(IL-10) secretion, apoptosis, and surface molecule expression following exposure to LPS and Interleukin-21(IL-21). Our findings indicate that B1 cells are potent IL-10 producers, possessing surface molecules with an IgMhiCD43+CD21low profile, and exhibit a propensity for apoptosis in vitro. Conversely, B2 cells exhibit lower IL-10 production and surface markers characterized as IgMlowCD43-CD21hi, indicative of some resistance to apoptosis. LPS stimulates MAPK phosphorylation in B1 and B2 cells, causing IL-10 production. Furthermore, LPS inhibits peritoneal B2 cell apoptosis by enhancing Bcl-xL expression. Conversely, IL-21 has no impact on IL-10 production in these cells. Nevertheless, impeding STAT3 phosphorylation permits IL-21 to increase IL-10 production in peritoneal B cells. Moreover, IL-21 significantly raises apoptosis levels in these cells, a process independent of STAT3 phosphorylation and possibly linked to reduced Bcl-xL expression. This study elucidates the distinct functional and response profiles of B1 and B2 cells in the peritoneum to stimuli like LPS and IL-21, highlighting their differential roles in immunological responses and B cell diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yanfen Ma
- The Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yinsha Miao
- Blood Transfusion Department, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, China
| | - Sasa Liu
- The Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu Bi
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qifei Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Can Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Ji Z, Lu W, Wu S, Zhang Y, Meng D, Zhang X, Dai X, Chen H, Ma L, Sun Y, Jiang L, Kong X. Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals Peripheral T Helper Cells Promoting the Development of IgG4-Related Disease by Enhancing B Cell Activation and Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13735. [PMID: 37762039 PMCID: PMC10530310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal B cell differentiation plays a critical role in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. We investigated the cell landscape from three IgG4-RD retroperitoneal tissues and three control tissues using single-cell RNA-sequencing. Critical cell type or markers were further validated in the peripheral blood from the patients with IgG4-RD and healthy controls via flow cytometry as well as in the IgG4-RD and control tissue via immunofluorescence staining. The increases in B cells, plasma cells, and CD4+ T cells were found in IgG4-RD retroperitoneal tissue. Importantly, among CD4+ T cells, an increase in CD4+CXCR5-PD1hi peripheral T helper (Tph) cells with a high expression of IL-21 and TIGIT was discovered in IgG4-RD tissue, which was further validated in peripheral blood of the patients with IgG4-RD. The Tph cell and TIGIT+ Tph cell proportion were remarkably higher in active IgG4-RD patients and correlated with disease activity. Moreover, TIGIT+CD4+ cells were able to promote B cell differentiation via IL-21. Our study revealed that Tph cells are increased in IgG4-RD and probably play critical roles in B cell differentiation through TIGIT-IL-21 axis. Peripheral Tph cell and TIGIT+Tph cell are potential markers for IgG4-RD disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongfei Ji
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
| | - Weiqi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sifan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Meng
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
| | - Huiyong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
| | - Lili Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
| | - Lindi Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiufang Kong
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.J.)
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Issa F, Cross AR. IL-21-producing Alloreactive T Cells Expand in Parallel to Donor-specific Antibodies. Transplantation 2023; 107:1019-1020. [PMID: 36814091 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Issa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Mendoza Rojas A, Verhoeven JG, de Kuiper R, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, Boer K, Hesselink DA, van Gelder T, van Besouw NM, Baan CC. Alloreactive T cells to Assess Acute Rejection Risk in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplant Direct 2023; 9:e1478. [PMID: 37096150 PMCID: PMC10121441 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells are important mediators of transplant rejection but are not routinely measured before or after kidney transplantation. The aims of this study were as follows: (1) validate whether pretransplant donor-reactive memory T cells are reliable predictors of acute rejection (AR) (2) determine whether donor-reactive memory T cells can distinguish AR from other causes of transplant dysfunction. Methods Samples from 103 consecutive kidney transplant recipients (2018-2019) were obtained pretransplantation and at time of for-cause biopsy sampling within 6 mo of transplantation. The number of donor-reactive interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-21-producing memory T cells was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay. Results Of the 63 patients who underwent a biopsy, 25 had a biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR; 22 aTCMR and 3 aAMR), 19 had a presumed rejection, and 19 had no rejection. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the pretransplant IFN-γ ELISPOT assay distinguished between patients who later developed BPAR and patients who remained rejection-free (area under the curve [AUC] 0.73; sensitivity 96% and specificity 41%). Both the IFN-γ and IL-21 assays were able to discriminate BPAR from other causes of transplant dysfunction (AUC 0.81; sensitivity 87% and specificity 76% and AUC 0.81; sensitivity 93% and specificity 68%, respectively). Conclusions This study validates that a high number of donor-reactive memory T cells before transplantation is associated with the development of AR after transplantation. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the IFN-γ and IL-21 ELISPOT assays are able to discriminate between patients with AR and patients without AR at the time of biopsy sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleixandra Mendoza Rojas
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen G.H.P. Verhoeven
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronella de Kuiper
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marian C. Clahsen-van Groningen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karin Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis A. Hesselink
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Teun van Gelder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole M. van Besouw
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla C. Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Carreño-Saavedra NM, Reyes-Pérez IV, Machado-Sulbaran AC, Martínez-Bonilla GE, Ramírez-Dueñas MG, Muñoz-Valle JF, Olaya-Valdiviezo V, García-Iglesias T, Martínez-García EA, Sánchez-Hernández PE. IL-21 (rs2055979 and rs2221903)/ IL-21R (rs3093301) Polymorphism and High Levels of IL-21 Are Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mexican Patients. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040878. [PMID: 37107636 PMCID: PMC10137781 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is characterized by joint destruction, chronic inflammation, and autoantibody production. IL-21/IL-21R plays an essential role in the immunopathology of RA. Elevated IL-21 serum levels have been associated with RA and disease activity. Here, we evaluated the association of IL-21/IL-21R polymorphisms and IL-21 serum levels with RA. The study included 275 RA patients and 280 Control subjects (CSs). Single nucleotide polymorphisms IL-21 (rs2055979 and rs2221903) and IL-21R (rs3093301) were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. Clinical activity was evaluated by DAS28-ESR; IL-21 and anti-CCP serum levels were quantified by ELISA. The IL-21 rs2055979 AA genotype was higher in RA patients than in the CS group (p = 0.0216, OR = 1.761, 95% CI = 1.085-2.859); furthermore, RA patients showed anti-CCP elevated levels compared to the CA genotype (p = 0.0296). The IL21R rs3093301 AA genotype was also higher in RA patients than in the CS group (p = 0.0122, OR = 1.965, 95% CI = 1.153-3.348). The AT haplotypes of IL-21 rs2055979 and rs2221903 were more frequent (49%) in the RA group (p = 0.006). IL-21 serum levels were significantly elevated in the RA group, but without an association with IL-21 polymorphisms. In conclusion, IL-21 rs2255979 and IL-21R rs3093301 are associated with a higher risk of RA, and could be a genetic marker. Moreover, the elevated IL-21 levels in RA suggest that IL-21/IL-21R could be a therapeutic target in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Magdalena Carreño-Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Itzel Viridiana Reyes-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Andrea Carolina Machado-Sulbaran
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico UDG-CA-1135 "Biomarcadores Inmunogenéticos y Factores Farmacológicos en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas", Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación en Cáncer en la Infancia y Adolescencia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - María Guadalupe Ramírez-Dueñas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico UDG-CA-1135 "Biomarcadores Inmunogenéticos y Factores Farmacológicos en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas", Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Valeria Olaya-Valdiviezo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Trinidad García-Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico UDG-CA-1135 "Biomarcadores Inmunogenéticos y Factores Farmacológicos en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas", Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación en Cáncer en la Infancia y Adolescencia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erika Aurora Martínez-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético (IIRSME), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pedro Ernesto Sánchez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico UDG-CA-1135 "Biomarcadores Inmunogenéticos y Factores Farmacológicos en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas", Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación en Cáncer en la Infancia y Adolescencia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
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Mendoza Rojas A, Hesselink DA, van Besouw NM, Dieterich M, de Kuiper R, Baan CC, van Gelder T. High Tacrolimus Intrapatient Variability and Subtherapeutic Immunosuppression are Associated With Adverse Kidney Transplant Outcomes. Ther Drug Monit 2022; 44:369-376. [PMID: 35394988 PMCID: PMC9083489 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplant recipients with high intrapatient variability (IPV) in tacrolimus (Tac) exposure experience more rejection and reduced graft survival. To understand the underlying pathophysiology of this association, the authors investigated whether patients with high tacrolimus IPV have a more activated immune system than patients with low IPV. In addition, exposure to tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid (MPA) was studied in relation to rejection and graft survival. METHODS At the time of patient inclusion (5-7 years post-transplantation), the frequency of donor-reactive cells was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the development of donor-specific anti-Human Leukocyte Antigen antibodies (DSA) was measured by Luminex Single Antigen assay. Tacrolimus IPV was retrospectively calculated between 6 and 12 months and the exposure to tacrolimus and MPA was determined between 1 and 5 years post-transplantation. RESULTS A total of 371 kidney transplant recipients were included in this study, of whom 56 developed a rejection episode after 12 months and 60 experienced graft failure after 5-7 years. No correlations were found between tacrolimus IPV or immunosuppression exposure and the number of donor-reactive cells after 5 years of transplantation. DSA were detected more often in patients with low exposure to both tacrolimus and MMF [4/21 (19%) versus 17/350 (4.9%), P = 0.04]. In this cohort, neither tacrolimus IPV nor low overall immunosuppression exposure was associated with a higher incidence of rejection. However, regression analysis showed that a higher tacrolimus IPV was associated with an increased incidence of graft failure (odds ratio = 1.03, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study verifies the relationship between high tacrolimus IPV and impaired kidney allograft survival in long-term follow-up. DSA was also found to be more prevalent in patients with subtherapeutic concentrations of tacrolimus and MPA. An increased prevalence of donor-specific alloreactivity is yet to be demonstrated in patients with high IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleixandra Mendoza Rojas
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Dennis A. Hesselink
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Nicole M. van Besouw
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Marjolein Dieterich
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Ronella de Kuiper
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Carla C. Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Teun van Gelder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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8
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Wishnie AJ, Chwat-Edelstein T, Attaway M, Vuong BQ. BCR Affinity Influences T-B Interactions and B Cell Development in Secondary Lymphoid Organs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:703918. [PMID: 34381455 PMCID: PMC8350505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells produce high-affinity immunoglobulins (Igs), or antibodies, to eliminate foreign pathogens. Mature, naïve B cells expressing an antigen-specific cell surface Ig, or B cell receptor (BCR), are directed toward either an extrafollicular (EF) or germinal center (GC) response upon antigen binding. B cell interactions with CD4+ pre-T follicular helper (pre-Tfh) cells at the T-B border and effector Tfh cells in the B cell follicle and GC control B cell development in response to antigen. Here, we review recent studies demonstrating the role of B cell receptor (BCR) affinity in modulating T-B interactions and the subsequent differentiation of B cells in the EF and GC response. Overall, these studies demonstrate that B cells expressing high affinity BCRs preferentially differentiate into antibody secreting cells (ASCs) while those expressing low affinity BCRs undergo further affinity maturation or differentiate into memory B cells (MBCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec J Wishnie
- Biology PhD Program, Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tzippora Chwat-Edelstein
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Macaulay Honors College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mary Attaway
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bao Q Vuong
- Biology PhD Program, Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
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9
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Pre-transplant donor-reactive IL-21 producing T cells as a tool to identify an increased risk for acute rejection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12445. [PMID: 34127739 PMCID: PMC8203783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91967-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-transplant screening focuses on the detection of anti-HLA alloantibodies. Previous studies have shown that IFN-γ and IL-21 producing T cells are associated with the development of acute rejection (AR). The aim of this study, was to assess whether pre-transplant donor-reactive T cells and/or B cells are associated with increased rejection risk. Samples from 114 kidney transplant recipients (transplanted between 2010 and 2013) were obtained pre-transplantation. The number of donor-reactive IFN-γ and IL-21 producing cells was analyzed by ELISPOT assay. The presence of donor specific antibodies (DSA) was also determined before transplantation. Numbers of donor-reactive IFN-γ producing cells were similar in patients with or without AR whereas those of IL-21 producing cells were higher in patients with AR (p = 0.03). Significantly more patients with AR [6/30(20%)] had detectable DSA compared to patients without AR [5/84(5.9%), p = 0.03]. Multivariate logistic regression showed that donor age (OR 1.06), pre-transplant DSA (OR 5.61) and positive IL-21 ELISPOT assay (OR 2.77) were independent predictors of an increased risk for the development of AR. Aside from an advanced donor-age and pre-transplant DSA, also pre-transplant donor-reactive IL-21 producing cells are associated with the development of AR after transplantation.
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10
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Donor-specific ELISPOT assay for predicting acute rejection and allograft function after kidney transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Biochem 2021; 94:1-11. [PMID: 33882287 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute rejection remains an important problem after kidney transplantation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay has been investigated extensively and has shown promising results as a predictor of allograft rejection. The objective of this study was to systematically review and analyze the predictive value of the donor-specific ELISPOT assay to identify recipients at risk for acute rejection. Electronic databases were searched for studies reporting donor-specific ELISPOT and kidney transplantation outcomes. Odds ratio (OR) for acute rejection was calculated, along with standardized mean difference (SMD) of cytokine producing-cells between recipients with and without acute rejection. Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effect models. The positive ELISPOT cutoff frequencies were extracted from each study. From 665 articles found, 32 studies were included in the meta-analysis. IFN-γ was the most investigated cytokine (30 out of 32 studies). Patients with positive pre-transplantation donor-reactive IFN-γ ELISPOT had an OR of 3.3 for acute rejection (95%-CI 2.1 to 5.1), and OR of 6.8 (95%-CI 2.5 to 18.9) for post-transplantation ELISPOT. Recipients with rejection had significantly higher frequencies of pre- and post-transplantation cytokine producing-cells (SMD 0.47, 95%-CI 0.07 to 0.87 and SMD 3.68, 95%-CI 1.04 to 6.32, respectively). Pre-transplantation ELISPOT had a positive predictive value of 43% and a negative predictive value of 81% for acute rejection. A positive ELISPOT result was associated with a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (SMD -0.59, 95%-CI -0.83 to -0.34). In conclusion, patients with a high frequency of donor-reactive IFN-γ ELISPOT are at higher risk for acute rejection. The donor-specific IFN-γ ELISPOT assay can serve as an immune-monitoring tool in kidney transplantation.
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11
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Nian Y, Xiong Z, Zhan P, Wang Z, Xu Y, Wei J, Zhao J, Fu Y. IL-21 Receptor Blockade Shifts the Follicular T Cell Balance and Reduces De Novo Donor-Specific Antibody Generation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661580. [PMID: 33897706 PMCID: PMC8064115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) play a key role in chronic kidney allograft injury. Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells trigger the humoral alloimmune response and promote DSA generation, while T-follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells inhibit antibody production by suppressing Tfh and B cells. Interleukin (IL)-21 exerts a distinct effect on Tfh and Tfr. Here, we studied whether blocking IL-21R with anti-IL-21R monoclonal antibody (αIL-21R) changes the Tfh/Tfr balance and inhibits DSA generation. First, we investigated the impact of αIL-21R on CD4+ T cell proliferation and apoptosis. The results showed that αIL-21R did not have cytotoxic effects on CD4+ T cells. Next, we examined Tfh and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in an in vitro conditioned culture model. Naïve CD4+ T cells were isolated from 3-month-old C57BL/6 mice and cultured in Tfh differentiation inducing conditions in presence of αIL-21R or isotype IgG and differentiation was evaluated by CXCR5 expression, a key Tfh marker. αIL-21R significantly inhibited Tfh differentiation. In contrast, under Treg differentiation conditions, FOXP3 expression was inhibited by IL-21. Notably, αIL-21R rescued IL-21-inhibited Treg differentiation. For in vivo investigation, a fully mismatched skin transplantation model was utilized to trigger the humoral alloimmune response. Consistently, flow cytometry revealed a reduced Tfh/Tfr ratio in recipients treated with αIL-21R. Germinal center response was evaluated by flow cytometry and lectin histochemistry. We observed that αIL-21R significantly inhibited germinal center reaction. Most importantly, DSA levels after transplantation were significantly inhibited by αIL-21R at different time points. In summary, our results demonstrate that αIL-21R shifts the Tfh/Tfr balance toward DSA inhibition. Therefore, αIL-21R may be a useful therapeutic agent to prevent chronic antibody mediated rejection after organ transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Germinal Center/cytology
- Germinal Center/drug effects
- Germinal Center/immunology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Interleukin-21/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-21/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-21/metabolism
- Skin Transplantation/methods
- T Follicular Helper Cells/immunology
- T Follicular Helper Cells/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Tissue Donors
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqi Nian
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Kidney Transplantation Research Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhilei Xiong
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Panpan Zhan
- Kidney Transplantation Research Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianghao Wei
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Kidney Transplantation Research Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingxin Fu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Kidney Transplantation Research Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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12
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Bajda S, Blazquez-Navarro A, Samans B, Wehler P, Kaliszczyk S, Amini L, Schmueck-Henneresse M, Witzke O, Dittmer U, Westhoff TH, Viebahn R, Reinke P, Thomusch O, Hugo C, Olek S, Roch T, Babel N. The role of soluble mediators in the clinical course of EBV infection and B cell homeostasis after kidney transplantation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19594. [PMID: 33177622 PMCID: PMC7658229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation can lead to serious complications in kidney transplant patients, including post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Here, we have assessed the impact of EBV on B cell homeostasis at cellular and humoral level. In a multicenter study monitoring 540 kidney transplant patients during the first post-transplant year, EBV reactivation was detected in 109 patients. Thirteen soluble factors and B cell counts were analyzed in an EBV+ sub-cohort (N = 54) before, at peak and after EBV clearance and compared to a control group (N = 50). The B cell activating factor (BAFF) was significantly elevated among EBV+ patients. No additional soluble factors were associated with EBV. Importantly, in vitro experiments confirmed the proliferative effect of BAFF on EBV-infected B cells, simultaneously promoting EBV production. In contrast, elevated levels of BAFF in EBV+ patients did not lead to B cell expansion in vivo. Moreover, diminished positive inter-correlations of soluble factors and alterations of the bi-directional interplay between B cell and soluble factors were observed in EBV+ patients at peak and after clearance. Our data suggest that such alterations may counteract the proliferative effect of BAFF, preventing B cell expansion. The role of these alterations in lymphoma development should be analyzed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Bajda
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT): Berlin-Brandenburger Centrum für Regenerative Therapien, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arturo Blazquez-Navarro
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT): Berlin-Brandenburger Centrum für Regenerative Therapien, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Systems Immunology Lab, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Medical Department I, Center for Translational Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Björn Samans
- Ivana Türbachova Laboratory for Epigenetics, Epiontis GmbH, Precision for Medicine Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrizia Wehler
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT): Berlin-Brandenburger Centrum für Regenerative Therapien, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Medical Department I, Center for Translational Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Sviatlana Kaliszczyk
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT): Berlin-Brandenburger Centrum für Regenerative Therapien, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Medical Department I, Center for Translational Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Leila Amini
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT): Berlin-Brandenburger Centrum für Regenerative Therapien, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schmueck-Henneresse
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT): Berlin-Brandenburger Centrum für Regenerative Therapien, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Timm H Westhoff
- Medical Department I, Center for Translational Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Richard Viebahn
- Chirurgical University Hospital, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT): Berlin-Brandenburger Centrum für Regenerative Therapien, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Thomusch
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Medical Clinic 3 - Nephrology Unit, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Olek
- Ivana Türbachova Laboratory for Epigenetics, Epiontis GmbH, Precision for Medicine Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Toralf Roch
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT): Berlin-Brandenburger Centrum für Regenerative Therapien, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Medical Department I, Center for Translational Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT): Berlin-Brandenburger Centrum für Regenerative Therapien, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Medical Department I, Center for Translational Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany.
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13
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Elevated serum IL-21 levels are associated with stable immune status in kidney transplant recipients and a mouse model of kidney transplantation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:18396-18414. [PMID: 32991326 PMCID: PMC7585127 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Allograft rejection after renal transplantation remains a challenge to overcome. Interleukin (IL)-21, a cytokine with pleiotropic effects, maintains immune homeostasis post-transplantation. Here, we report higher levels of IL-21 in kidney transplant recipients with non-rejection (NR) than in recipients with T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR, P < 0.001) and antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR, P = 0.005). We observed a negative correlation between IL-21 and creatinine (Cr) levels (P = 0.016). The receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed a promising diagnostic value of IL-21 to identify acute rejection with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.822 (P < 0.001). In contrast, exogenous administration of IL-21 accelerated acute rejection in a comparative translational kidney transplant (KT) mouse model. Reduced IL-21 levels in the peripheral blood were observed in KT mice after IL-21 injection. Further analysis revealed that increased IL-21 levels in the spleen induced proliferation of CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells after IL-21 treatment. Our findings suggest a critical function of IL-21 in kidney transplantation and the potential involvement of the IL-21/IL-21R pathway in acute rejection management.
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14
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Okada S, Asano T, Moriya K, Boisson-Dupuis S, Kobayashi M, Casanova JL, Puel A. Human STAT1 Gain-of-Function Heterozygous Mutations: Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis and Type I Interferonopathy. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:1065-1081. [PMID: 32852681 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in STAT1 in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) and hypothyroidism were discovered in 2011. CMC is the recurrent or persistent mucocutaneous infection by Candida fungi, and hypothyroidism results from autoimmune thyroiditis. Patients with these diseases develop other infectious diseases, including viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases, and other autoimmune manifestations, including enterocolitis, immune cytopenia, endocrinopathies, and systemic lupus erythematosus. STAT1-GOF mutations are highly penetrant with a median age at onset of 1 year and often underlie an autosomal dominant trait. As many as 105 mutations at 72 residues, including 65 recurrent mutations, have already been reported in more than 400 patients worldwide. The GOF mechanism involves impaired dephosphorylation of STAT1 in the nucleus. Patient cells show enhanced STAT1-dependent responses to type I and II interferons (IFNs) and IL-27. This impairs Th17 cell development, which accounts for CMC. The pathogenesis of autoimmunity likely involves enhanced type I IFN responses, as in other type I interferonopathies. The pathogenesis of other infections, especially those caused by intramacrophagic bacteria and fungi, which are otherwise seen in patients with diminished type II IFN immunity, has remained mysterious. The cumulative survival rates of patients with and without severe disease (invasive infection, cancer, and/or symptomatic aneurysm) at 60 years of age are 31% and 87%, respectively. Severe autoimmunity also worsens the prognosis. The treatment of patients with STAT1-GOF mutations who suffer from severe infectious and autoimmune manifestations relies on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and/or oral JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Takaki Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kunihiko Moriya
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Masao Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Puel
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France.
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15
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Tang T, Xu T, Liu X, Yang T, Zhang L, Yang Z. Roles of BATF/JUN/IRF4 complex in tacrolimus mediated immunosuppression on Tfh cells in acute rejection after liver transplantation. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1776-1786. [PMID: 32749698 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rejection injury is a serious complication after liver transplantation (LTx). Tacrolimus (Tac) is a key immunosuppressive agent in the prevention of liver rejection after transplantation. The basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (BATF)/JUN/interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) complex serves critical functions in the immune response. This study aimed to explore the role of the BATF/JUN/IRF4 complex in rejection after LTx by treatment with Tac. Herein, DA and Lewis (LEW) rats were used to construct the LTx animal model. The recipient LEW rats were treated with Tac or saline, subcutaneously. Splenic mononuclear cells were treated with Tac at 1 and 10 nM after stimulation with interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the expression of factors associated with the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-BATF/JUN/IRF4 and IL-21 were detected. The results demonstrated that Tac prolonged the allografts survival and attenuated inflammation injury, and decreased the percentage frequencies of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and inhibited B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6) and IL-6 expression in Tfh cells. In addition, Tac inhibited the expression of the BATF/JUN/IRF4 complex, Bcl-6 and IL-21 NFATc1 and NFATc2 were inhibited by Tac, and interacted with the promoter of BATF and IRF4. In conclusion, the attenuation of rejection injury may be dependent on the NFAT-BATF/JUN/IRF4-IL-21 axis, and the BATF/JUN/IRF4 complex participates in the inhibition of IL-21-producing Tfh cells after treatment with Tac. These findings suggest that the BATF/JUN/IRF4 complex-IL-21 axis may be used as a potential target for attenuating rejection injury after LTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengqian Tang
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangde Liu
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tongkun Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medical College of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Leida Zhang
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhanyu Yang
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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16
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Guzman-Genuino RM, Hayball JD, Diener KR. Regulatory B Cells: Dark Horse in Pregnancy Immunotherapy? J Mol Biol 2020; 433:166596. [PMID: 32693108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There are many unanswered questions surrounding the function of immune cells and how they interact with the reproductive system to support successful pregnancy or contribute to pregnancy pathologies. While the role of immune cells such as uterine natural killer and dendritic cells, and more recently regulatory T cells has been established, the role of another major immune cell population, the B cell, and particularly the regulatory B cells, is relatively poorly understood. This review outlines what is known about B-cell subsets in the context of pregnancy, what constitutes a regulatory B cell and what role they may play, particularly during early pregnancy. Lastly, we discuss why immunotherapies for the treatment of pregnancy disorders is not widely progressed clinically and speculate on the potential of functional regulatory B cells as the basis of novel immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of immune-based pregnancy pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Marian Guzman-Genuino
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John D Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kerrilyn R Diener
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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17
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Zongfei J, Rongyi C, Xiaomeng C, Lili M, Lingying M, Xiufang K, Xiaomin D, Zhuojun Z, Huiyong C, Ying S, Lindi J. In vitro IL-6/IL-6R Trans-Signaling in Fibroblasts Releases Cytokines That May Be Linked to the Pathogenesis of IgG4-Related Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1272. [PMID: 32733444 PMCID: PMC7360847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The remarkable mechanisms of storiform fibrosis and the formation of high levels of IgG4 with a pathogenic germinal center (GC) in the inflammatory tissue of IgG4-RD remains unknown and may be responsible for the unsatisfactory therapeutic effect on IgG4-related diseases when using conventional therapy. Objectives: To investigate the mechanisms of interleukin 6 (IL-6) inducing fibroblasts to produce cytokines for pathogenic GC formation in the development of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Methods: The clinical data and laboratory examinations of 56 patients with IgG4-RD were collected. IL-6 and IL-6R expression in the serum and tissues of patients with IgG4-RD and healthy controls were detected by ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Human aorta adventitial fibroblasts (AAFs) were cultured and stimulated with IL-6/IL-6 receptor (IL-6R). The effect of IL-6/IL-6R on AAFs was determined by Luminex assays. Results: The serum IL-6 and IL-6R levels were elevated in active IgG4-RD patients and IL-6 was positively correlated with the disease activity (e.g., erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP], and IgG4-RD responder index). IL-6 and IL-6R expression in the tissue lesions of IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis and IgG4-related sialadenitis patients were also significantly higher than that in the normal tissues. In addition, there is a relative abundance of myofibroblasts as well as IgG4+ plasma cells in the tissues of IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis. α-SMA and B cell differentiation cytokines (i.e., B cell activating factor), and α-SMA and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell differentiation cytokines (e.g., IL-7, IL-12, and IL-23) were co-expressed in the local lesions. In vitro, IL-6/IL-6R significantly promoted the production of B cell activating factor, IL-7, IL-12, and IL-23 in AAFs in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was partially blocked by JAK1, JAK2, STAT3, and Akt inhibitors, respectively. Conclusions:In vitro IL-6/IL-6R trans-signaling in fibroblasts releases Tfh and B cell differentiation factors partially via the JAK2/STAT3, JAK1/STAT3, and JAK2/Akt pathways, which may be linked to the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD. This indicated that IL-6 and fibroblasts may be responsible for GC formation and fibrosis in the development of IgG4-RD. Blocking IL-6 with JAK1/2 inhibitors or inhibiting fibroblast proliferation might be beneficial for IgG4-RD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zongfei
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Rongyi
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Xiaomeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ma Lili
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ma Lingying
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kong Xiufang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dai Xiaomin
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Zhuojun
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huiyong
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Ying
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Lindi
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Cha H, Xie H, Jin C, Feng Y, Xie S, Xie A, Yang Q, Qi Y, Qiu H, Wu Q, Yin Z, Mu J, Huang J. Adjustments of γδ T Cells in the Lung of Schistosoma japonicum-Infected C56BL/6 Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1045. [PMID: 32582168 PMCID: PMC7287124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many kinds of lymphocytes are involved in Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) infection-induced disease. γδ T cells comprise a small number of innate lymphocytes that quickly respond to foreign materials. In this study, the role of γδ T cells in the lung of S. japonicum-infected C56BL/6 mice was investigated. The results demonstrated that S. japonicum infection induces γδ T cell accumulation in the lung, expressing higher levels of CD25, MHCII, CD80, and PDL1, and lower levels of CD127 and CD62L (P < 0.05). The intracellular cytokines staining results illustrated higher percentages of IL-4-, IL-10-, IL-21-, and IL-6-producing γδ T cells and lower percentages of IFN-γ-expressing γδ T cells in the lung of infected mice (P < 0.05). Moreover, the granuloma size in lung tissue was significantly increased in Vδ−/− mice (P < 0.05). In the lung of S. japonicum-infected Vδ−/− mice, both type 1 and type 2 immune responses were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In addition, the expression of CD80 and CD69 on B cells was decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and the SEA-specific antibody was markedly decreased (P < 0.05) in the blood of infected Vδ−/− mice. In conclusion, this study indicates that γδ T cells could adjust the Th2 dominant immune response in the lung of S. japonicum-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Cha
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfa Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihao Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaina Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiongli Wu
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbing Mu
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jun Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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van Besouw NM, Yan L, de Kuiper R, Klepper M, Reijerkerk D, Dieterich M, Roelen DL, Claas FHJ, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, Hesselink DA, Baan CC. The Number of Donor-Specific IL-21 Producing Cells Before and After Transplantation Predicts Kidney Graft Rejection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:748. [PMID: 31024571 PMCID: PMC6465545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-21 supports induction and expansion of CD8+ T cells, and can also regulate the differentiation of B cells into antibody-producing plasma cells. We questioned whether the number of circulating donor-specific IL-21 producing cells (pc) can predict kidney transplant rejection, and evaluated this in two different patient cohorts. The first analysis was done on pre-transplantation samples of 35 kidney transplant recipients of whom 15 patients developed an early acute rejection. The second study concerned peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 46 patients obtained at 6 months after kidney transplantation of whom 13 developed late rejection. Significantly higher frequencies of donor-specific IL-21 pc were found by Elispot assay in both patients who developed early and late rejection compared to those without rejection. In addition, low frequencies of donor-specific IL-21 pc were associated with higher rejection-free survival. Moreover, low pre-transplant donor-specific IL-21 pc numbers were associated with the absence of anti-HLA antibodies. Donor-reactive IL-21 was mainly produced by CD4+ T cells, including CD4+ follicular T helper cells. In conclusion, the number of donor-specific IL-21 pc is associated with an increased risk of both early and late rejection, giving it the potential to be a new biomarker in kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M van Besouw
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lin Yan
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ronella de Kuiper
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariska Klepper
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Derek Reijerkerk
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Dieterich
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dave L Roelen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frans H J Claas
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marian C Clahsen-van Groningen
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dennis A Hesselink
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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20
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Macedo C, Hadi K, Walters J, Elinoff B, Marrari M, Zeevi A, Ramaswami B, Chalasani G, Landsittel D, Shields A, Alloway R, Lakkis FG, Woodle ES, Metes D. Impact of Induction Therapy on Circulating T Follicular Helper Cells and Subsequent Donor-Specific Antibody Formation After Kidney Transplant. Kidney Int Rep 2018; 4:455-469. [PMID: 30899873 PMCID: PMC6409398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cellular events that contribute to generation of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) post-kidney transplantation (KTx) are not well understood. Characterization of such mechanisms could allow tailoring of immunosuppression to benefit sensitized patients. Methods We prospectively monitored circulating T follicular helper (cTFH) cells in KTx recipients who received T-cell depleting (thymoglobulin, n = 54) or T-cell nondepleting (basiliximab, n = 20) induction therapy from pre-KTx to 1 year post-KTx and assessed their phenotypic changes due to induction and DSA occurrence, in addition to healthy controls (n = 13), for a total of 307 blood samples. Results Before KTx, patients displayed comparable levels of resting, central memory cTFH cells with similar polarization to those of healthy controls. Unlike basiliximab induction, thymoglobulin induction significantly depleted cTFH cells, triggered lymphopenia-induced proliferation that skewed cTFH cells toward increased Th1 polarization, effector memory, and elevated programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)int/hi expression, resembling activated phenotypes. Regardless of induction, patients who developed DSA post-KTx, harbored pre-KTx donor-reactive memory interleukin (IL)-21+ cTFH cells and showed higher % cTFH and lower % of T regulatory (TREG) cells post-KTx resulting in elevated cTFH:TREG ratio at DSA occurrence. Conclusion Induction therapy distinctly shapes cTFH cell phenotype post-KTx. Monitoring cTFH cells before and after KTx may help detect those patients prone to DSA generation post-KTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Macedo
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Hadi
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Walters
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beth Elinoff
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marilyn Marrari
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adriana Zeevi
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bala Ramaswami
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Geetha Chalasani
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas Landsittel
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adele Shields
- Division of Transplantation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rita Alloway
- Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - E Steve Woodle
- Division of Transplantation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Diana Metes
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Poultsidi A, Dimopoulos Y, He TF, Chavakis T, Saloustros E, Lee PP, Petrovas C. Lymph Node Cellular Dynamics in Cancer and HIV: What Can We Learn for the Follicular CD4 (Tfh) Cells? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2233. [PMID: 30319664 PMCID: PMC6170630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are central in the generation of adaptive immune responses. Follicular helper CD4 T (Tfh) cells, a highly differentiated CD4 population, provide critical help for the development of antigen-specific B cell responses within the germinal center. Throughout the past decade, numerous studies have revealed the important role of Tfh cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pathogenesis as well as in the development of neutralizing antibodies post-infection and post-vaccination. It has also been established that tumors influence various immune cell subsets not only in their proximity, but also in draining lymph nodes. The role of local or tumor associated lymph node Tfh cells in disease progression is emerging. Comparative studies of Tfh cells in chronic infections and cancer could therefore provide novel information with regards to their differentiation plasticity and to the mechanisms regulating their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Poultsidi
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Yiannis Dimopoulos
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Saloustros
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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22
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Nelwan SC, Nugraha RA, Endaryanto A, Meizarini A, Tedjosasongko U, Pradopo S, Utomo H. Converging findings from linkage between periodontal pathogen with atopic and allergic immune response. Cytokine 2018; 113:89-98. [PMID: 29937409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore a relationship between exposures of whole-cell Porphyromonas gingivalis in various doses with atopic inflammatory responses at experimental mice. A pretest-posttest controlled group design, with 16 Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) randomized into four groups. Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 was given low-dose (9 × 107 colony-forming unit) of P. gingivalis. Group 3 was given medium-dose (9 × 109 colony-forming unit) of P. gingivalis. Group 4 was given high-dose (9 × 1011 colony-forming unit) of P. gingivalis. Interleukin-4, Interleukin-5, Interleukin-17F, Interleukin-21, Immunoglobulin-E, Immunoglobulin-G4, and γ-Interferon were measured by direct-sandwich ELISA just before the treatments began, day-4, and day-11 after treatments. There is a sudden increase of Interleukin-4 in the group 4 (23.79 ± 0.91 pg/ml to 54.17 ± 0.79 pg/ml; p = 0.01) and slight increase of Interleukin-5 in the group 4 (207.60 ± 11.15 pg/ml to 243.40 ± 9.33 pg/ml; p = 0.03). No change was observed for Interleukin-17F in all groups. Serum concentration of Immunoglobulin-E was decreased in group 2 (-10.44 ± 8.13 pg/ml), but increased in group 4 (+1.03 ± 4.57 pg/ml). Taken together, some cytokines are up-regulated and others are down-regulated after exposure to whole-cell P. gingivalis. Moreover, study of host responses during periodontal infection may offer critical key insight that contribute to the development of atopy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: We introduced and explained the potential role of periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in systemic immune responses, along with its virulence factor inside the oral cavity. Our results consider several changes and differences of cytokines and immunoglobulins following whole-cell Porphyromonas gingivalis exposure. However, results of the study need to be interpreted with caution due to its limitations. CAPSULE SUMMARY: Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 had been found increase after exposure to the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, whereas no or minimal change had been found in the level of IL-17F, Ig-G4, and IFN-γ. The various cytokines and immunoglobulins shown in this study do not prove a causal relationship, and the precise role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the regulation of atopic immune response warrants further investigation. Nevertheless, these findings may provide some critical key insight into the host responses following Porphyromonas gingivalis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Cornelia Nelwan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | | | - Anang Endaryanto
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Asti Meizarini
- Department of Dental Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Udijanto Tedjosasongko
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Seno Pradopo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Haryono Utomo
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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23
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Rincon M, Pereira FV. A New Perspective: Mitochondrial Stat3 as a Regulator for Lymphocyte Function. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061656. [PMID: 29866996 PMCID: PMC6032237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stat3 as a transcription factor regulating gene expression in lymphocytes during the immune response is well known. However, since the pioneering studies discovering the presence of Stat3 in mitochondria and its role in regulating mitochondrial metabolism, only a few studies have investigated this non-conventional function of Stat3 in lymphocytes. From this perspective, we review what is known about Stat3 as a transcription factor and what is known and unknown about mitochondrial Stat3 (mitoStat3) in lymphocytes. We also provide a framework to consider how some of the functions previously assigned to Stat3 as regulator of gene transcription could be mediated by mitoStat3 in lymphocytes. The goal of this review is to stimulate interest for future studies investigating mitoStat3 in the immune response that could lead to the generation of alternative pharmacological inhibitors of mitoStat3 for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Rincon
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Division, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Felipe Valença Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Division, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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24
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de Leur K, Dor FJMF, Dieterich M, van der Laan LJW, Hendriks RW, Baan CC. IL-21 Receptor Antagonist Inhibits Differentiation of B Cells toward Plasmablasts upon Alloantigen Stimulation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:306. [PMID: 28373876 PMCID: PMC5357809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and B cells is complex and involves various pathways, including the production of IL-21 by the Tfh cells. Secretion of IL-21 results in B cell differentiation toward immunoglobulin-producing plasmablasts. In patients after kidney transplantation, the formation of alloantibodies produced by donor antigen-activated B cells are a major cause of organ failure. In this allogeneic response, the role of IL-21-producing Tfh cells that regulate B cell differentiation is unknown. Here, we tested, in an alloantigen-driven setting, whether Tfh cell help signals control B cell differentiation with its dependency on IL-21. Pre-transplantation patient PBMCs were sorted into pure CD4posCXCR5pos Tfh cells and CD19posCD27pos memory B cells and stimulated with donor antigen in the presence or absence of an IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) antagonist (αIL-21R). Donor antigen stimulation initiated expression of the activation markers inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) on Tfh cells and a shift toward a mixed Tfh2 and Tfh17 phenotype. The memory B cells underwent class switch recombination and differentiated toward IgM- and IgG-producing plasmablasts. In the presence of αIL-21R, a dose-dependent inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation was measured in both T and B cells. Blockade of the IL-21R did not have an effect on PD-1 and ICOS expression on Tfh cells but significantly inhibited B cell differentiation. The proportion of plasmablasts decreased by 78% in the presence of αIL-21R. Moreover, secreted IgM and IgG2 levels were significantly lower in the presence of αIL-21R. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that IL-21 produced by alloantigen-activated Tfh cells controls B cell differentiation toward antibody producing plasmablasts. The IL-21R might, therefore, be a useful target in organ transplantation to prevent antigen-driven immune responses leading to graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty de Leur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank J M F Dor
- Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Dieterich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
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