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Ke Z, Wen J, Wang Y, Li B, Wu S, Zhang D, Mo X, Li Y, Ren Y, Yin J, Shi C, Wang Q, Zheng S. Interferon regulatory factors inhibit TiLV replication by activating interferon-a3 in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 155:105152. [PMID: 38408717 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging virus that seriously threatens the tilapia industries worldwide. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), which are the crucial mediators regulating the response of interferon (IFN) to combat invading viruses, have not yet been reported in tilapia during TiLV infection. Here, six IRF (IRF1, IRF2, IRF4, IRF7, IRF8, and IRF9) homologs from tilapia were characterized and analyzed. These IRFs typically shared the conserved domains and phylogenetic relationship with IRF homologs of other species. Tissue distribution analysis showed that all six IRF genes were expressed in various tissues, with the highest expression in immune-related tissues. Furthermore, overexpression of IRFs in tilapia brain (TiB) cells significantly inhibited TiLV propagation, as evidenced by decreased viral segment 8 gene transcripts and copy numbers of viral segment 1. More importantly, all six IRF genes significantly enhanced the promoter activity of type I interferon-a3 (IFNa3) in TiB cells, suggesting that tilapia IRF genes serve as positive regulators in activating IFNa3. Surprisingly, the promoter activity of IFNa3 mediated by IRF genes was markedly inhibited post-TiLV infection, indicating that TiLV antagonized IRF-mediated IFN immune response. Taken together, six IRF genes of tilapia are highly conserved transcription factors that inhibit TiLV infection by activating the promoter of IFNa3, which is in turn restrained by TiLV. These findings broaden our knowledge about the functionality of IRF-mediated antiviral immunity in tilapia against TiLV infection and host-TiLV interaction, which lays a foundation for developing antiviral strategies in tilapia cultural industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishan Ke
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Bo Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Siyu Wu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Defeng Zhang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Xubing Mo
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Cunbin Shi
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Shucheng Zheng
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Fischer MA, Jia L, Edelblum KL. Type I interferon induces TCR-dependent and -independent antimicrobial responses in γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.11.584444. [PMID: 38559228 PMCID: PMC10979951 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.11.584444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) expressing the γδ T cell receptor (TCR) survey the intestinal epithelium to limit the invasion of microbial pathogens. The production of type I interferon (IFN) is a central component of an antiviral immune response, yet how these pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to γδ IEL effector function remains unclear. Based on the unique activation status of IELs, and their ability to bridge innate and adaptive immunity, we investigated the extent to which type I IFN signaling modulates γδ IEL function. Using an ex vivo culture model, we find that type I IFN alone is unable to drive IFNγ production, yet low level TCR activation synergizes with type I IFN to induce IFNγ production in murine γδ IELs. Further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms of co-stimulation revealed that TCRγδ-mediated activation of NFAT and JNK is required for type I IFN to promote IFNγ expression in a STAT4- dependent manner. Whereas type I IFN rapidly upregulates antiviral gene expression independent of a basal TCRγδ signal, neither tonic TCR triggering nor the presence of a TCR agonist was sufficient to elicit type I IFN-induced IFNγ production in vivo . However, bypassing proximal TCR signaling events synergized with IFNAR/STAT4 activation to induce γδ IEL IFNγ production. These findings indicate that γδ IELs contribute to host defense in response to type I IFN by mounting a rapid antimicrobial response independent of TCRγδ signaling, and under permissive conditions, produce IFNγ in a TCR-dependent manner.
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Abdel-Latif MA, El-Hamid HSA, Emam M, Noreldin AE, Helmy YA, El-Far AH, Elbestawy AR. Dietary lysozyme and avilamycin modulate gut health, immunity, and growth rate in broilers. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:28. [PMID: 38245745 PMCID: PMC10799510 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attempts to use dietary lysozyme (LYZ) as an alternative to antibiotics in broilers have been successful, but further research is needed for effective use. Here, we compared the differences between LYZ and avilamycin (AVI) feed additives for growth performance, gut health and immunity of broilers. One-day old, one hundred and twenty broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into three groups consisting forty birds in each group. Standard diet without supplementation was applied as the control group (I), while the chicks of the other groups were supplemented with 100 mg of AVI per kg diet (AVI, group II), and 90 mg LYZ per kg diet (LYZ, group III) for five consecutive weeks. RESULTS Body weight, feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, and European production efficiency factor were markedly (p < 0.05) increased in both AVI and LYZ groups in relation to CON group, but the feed intake and protein efficiency ratio were not affected. Both AVI and LYZ significantly (p < 0.001) upregulated the mRNA expression of ileal interleukin-18 (IL-18), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) genes compared to CON group. However, IL-2, IL-10, IL-18, and GSH-PX genes were markedly (p < 0.01) upregulated in LYZ compared to the AVI group. LYZ treated group had a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the serological haemagglutination inhibition titers of H5N1 vaccination and a significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in coliform counts compared to control and AVI groups, but all growth parameters were nearly similar between AVI and LYZ groups. The VH and VH/CD were markedly higher in LYZ than AVI and control groups. CONCLUSION Exogenous dietary lysozyme supplementation by a dose of 90 mg/kg broilers' diet induced better effects on intestinal integrity, fecal bacterial counts, immune response, and growth performance which were comparable to avilamycin. Therefore, dietary lysozyme could safely replace avilamycin in the broiler chickens' diet. However, further experimental studies regarding the use of lysozyme in commercial broilers, both in vitro and in vivo, targeting more communities of intestinal microbiome and explaining more details about its beneficial effects need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat A Abdel-Latif
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
| | - Hatem S Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Emam
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Yosra A Helmy
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
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de Geus ED, Volaric JS, Matthews AY, Mangan NE, Chang J, Ooi JD, de Weerd NA, Giles EM, Hertzog PJ. Epithelially Restricted Interferon Epsilon Protects Against Colitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:267-278. [PMID: 37879406 PMCID: PMC10765064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Type I interferon (T1IFN) signalling is crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. We previously found that the novel T1IFN, IFNε, is highly expressed by epithelial cells of the female reproductive tract, where it protects against pathogens. Its function has not been studied in the intestine. We hypothesize that IFNε is important in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. METHODS We characterized IFNε expression in mouse and human intestine by immunostaining and studied its function in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model using both genetic knockouts and neutralizing antibody. RESULTS We demonstrate that IFNε is expressed in human and mouse intestinal epithelium, and expression is lost in inflammation. Furthermore, we show that IFNε limits intestinal inflammation in mouse models. Regulatory T cell (Treg) frequencies were paradoxically decreased in DSS-treated IFNε-/- mice, suggesting a role for IFNε in maintaining the intestinal Treg compartment. Colitis was ameliorated by transfer of wild-type Tregs into IFNε-/- mice. This demonstrates that IFNε supports intestinal Treg function. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we have shown IFNε expression in intestinal epithelium and its critical role in gut homeostasis. Given its known role in the female reproductive tract, we now show IFNε has a protective role across multiple mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline D de Geus
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jennifer S Volaric
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony Y Matthews
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Niamh E Mangan
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Janet Chang
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Joshua D Ooi
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole A de Weerd
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Edward M Giles
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul J Hertzog
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Plummer AM, Matos YL, Lin HC, Ryman SG, Birg A, Quinn DK, Parada AN, Vakhtin AA. Gut-brain pathogenesis of post-acute COVID-19 neurocognitive symptoms. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1232480. [PMID: 37841680 PMCID: PMC10568482 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1232480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately one third of non-hospitalized coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients report chronic symptoms after recovering from the acute stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Some of the most persistent and common complaints of this post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) are cognitive in nature, described subjectively as "brain fog" and also objectively measured as deficits in executive function, working memory, attention, and processing speed. The mechanisms of these chronic cognitive sequelae are currently not understood. SARS-CoV-2 inflicts damage to cerebral blood vessels and the intestinal wall by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and also by evoking production of high levels of systemic cytokines, compromising the brain's neurovascular unit, degrading the intestinal barrier, and potentially increasing the permeability of both to harmful substances. Such substances are hypothesized to be produced in the gut by pathogenic microbiota that, given the profound effects COVID-19 has on the gastrointestinal system, may fourish as a result of intestinal post-COVID-19 dysbiosis. COVID-19 may therefore create a scenario in which neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory substances readily proliferate from the gut lumen and encounter a weakened neurovascular unit, gaining access to the brain and subsequently producing cognitive deficits. Here, we review this proposed PACS pathogenesis along the gut-brain axis, while also identifying specific methodologies that are currently available to experimentally measure each individual component of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Plummer
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yvette L. Matos
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Henry C. Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sephira G. Ryman
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Aleksandr Birg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Davin K. Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Alisha N. Parada
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Andrei A. Vakhtin
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Jiao P, Wang S, Fan W, Zhang H, Yin H, Shang Y, Zhu H, Liu W, Hu R, Sun L. Recombinant porcine interferon cocktail delays the onset and lessens the severity of African swine fever. Antiviral Res 2023; 215:105644. [PMID: 37244381 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and deadly disease that affects domestic and wild pigs. No commercial vaccine or antiviral is currently available against ASF. The control of ASF primarily relies on implementing effective biosecurity measures during the breeding process. Here, we evaluated the preventive and therapeutic potential of the interferon (IFN) cocktail (a mixture of recombinant porcine IFN α and γ) on ASF. The IFN cocktail treatment delayed the onset of ASF symptoms and ASF virus (ASFV) replication for approximately one week. However, IFN cocktail treatment could not prevent the death of the pigs. Further analysis showed that IFN cocktail treatment increased the expression of multiple IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, IFN cocktail modulated the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced tissue injury in the ASFV-infected pigs. Collectively, the results suggest that the IFN cocktail restricts the progression of acute ASF by inducing high levels of ISGs, contributing to the pre-establishment of antiviral status, and modulating the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators to lessen cytokine storm-mediated tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuchao Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - He Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyan Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yingli Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongfei Zhu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Guangdong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rongliang Hu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Tanikawa T, Fujii K, Sugie Y, Tsunekuni R. Ubiquitin-specific protease 18 in mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) interferes with type I interferon-mediated inhibition of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus replication. Virology 2022; 577:32-42. [PMID: 36270121 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) is a well-established innate immune factor in vertebrates. Although Anatidae birds rarely exhibit distinctive clinical signs during high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections, some virus strains cause deadly diseases. Here, we investigated the association between USP18 expression and pathogenicity during HPAIV infections in the Anatidae mallard Anas platyrhynchos. First, mallard USP18 gene (duUSP18) was cloned, and its transcriptional variants, with three different open reading frames, were characterized. Experimental infections with two different pathogenic strains, Miyazaki and Takeo, demonstrated an early induction of duUSP18 mRNA upon HPAIV infection in a bird's whole body in vivo and in primary duck cells in vitro, which was positively associated with pathogenicity in mallards. In addition, duUSP18 knockdown under interferon-β stimulation attenuated viral replication, regardless of pathogenicity. These results indicate a role for duUSP18 in favoring viral replication and virus resistance to type I interferon immunity in mallards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichiro Tanikawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Fujii
- Toyama Prefectural Tobu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 46 Mizuhashi-kanao-shin, Toyama, 939-3536, Japan.
| | - Yuji Sugie
- Shiga Prefectural Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 226-1, Nishihongou, Oumihachiman, Shiga, 523-0813, Japan.
| | - Ryota Tsunekuni
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
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The Pharmacologically Active Alkaloid Cryptolepine Activates a Type 1 Interferon Response That Is Independent of MAVS and STING Pathways. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8873536. [PMID: 35928633 PMCID: PMC9345703 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8873536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 interferons (IFN-1) are pleiotropic cytokines with well-established anticancer and antiviral properties, particularly in mucosal tissues. Hence, natural IFN-1-inducing treatments are highly sought after in the clinic. Here, we report for the first time that cryptolepine, a pharmacoactive alkaloid in the medicinal plant Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, is a potent IFN-1 pathway inducer. Cryptolepine increased the transcript levels of JAK1, TYK2, STAT1, STAT2, IRF9, and OAS3, as well as increased the accumulation of STAT1 and OAS3 proteins, similar to recombinant human IFN-α. Cryptolepine effects were observed in multiple cell types including a model of human macrophages. This response was maintained in MAVS and STING-deficient cell lines, suggesting that cryptolepine effects are not mediated by nucleic acids released upon nuclear or organelle damage. In agreement, cryptolepine did not affect cell viability in concentrations that triggered potent IFN-1 activation. In addition, we observed no differences in the presence of a pharmacological inhibitor of TBK1, a pleiotropic kinase that is a converging point for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleic acid sensors. Together, our results demonstrate that cryptolepine is a strong inducer of IFN-1 response and suggest that cryptolepine-based medications such as C. sanguinolenta extract could be potentially tested in resource-limited regions of the world for the management of chronic viral infections as well as cancers.
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Sharifinejad N, Zaki-Dizaji M, Sepahvandi R, Fayyaz F, Dos Santos Vilela MM, ElGhazali G, Abolhassani H, Ochs HD, Azizi G. The clinical, molecular, and therapeutic features of patients with IL10/IL10R deficiency: a systematic review. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:281-291. [PMID: 35481870 PMCID: PMC9226142 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin10 (IL10) and IL10 receptor (IL10R) deficiencies are monogenic inborn errors of immunity (IEI) causing early-onset inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In this report, we systematically reviewed articles that included related keywords using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The articles were screened for eligibility criteria before data extraction. We assessed 286 patients (44.5% female) with IL10 and/or IL10R deficiencies who were predominantly from China (40.7%), Italy (13.9%), and South Korea (8.5%). The median age of onset was 1.0 (0.3-4.0) months with a median age of genetic diagnosis at 16.0 (7.4-81.0) months. Consanguinity was reported in all evaluable patients with IL10 deficiency and in 38.2% of patients with IL10R deficiency (22.9% of patients with IL10RA, and 79.4% of patients with IL10RB deficiency). The most prevalent mutations in IL10RA were c.301C>T (p.R101W) and c.537G>A (p.T179T), those in IL10RB were c.139A>G (p.K47E) and c.611G>A (p.W204X). Auto-inflammation and enteropathy were present in all cases. The first presentation of both groups was protracted diarrhea (45.7%), bloody diarrhea (17.8%), and colitis (15.5%). Patients with IL10R deficiency had a high frequency of dermatologic manifestations (50.5%) and failure to thrive (60.5%), while IL10-deficient patients lacked those complications. In the majority of patients, the basic immunologic parameters were in normal ranges. Of the entire publications, 30.7% underwent hemopoietic stem cell transplantation, 57.5% surgery, and 86.6% immunosuppressive treatment. The 10-year survival rate was higher in patients with IL10 deficiency than in patients with IL10R deficiency. In conclusion, IL10/IL10R deficiency predominantly presents with treatment-resistant, early-onset IBD within the first months of life. We detected no clear correlation between the phenotype of patients carrying the same variant. The high prevalence of distinct clinical manifestations reported in IL10RA- and IL10RB-deficient patients might be attributable to the interactions between the target tissue and cytokines other than IL10 capable of binding to IL10RB. These results gain translational significance by contributing to earlier diagnosis, adequate therapy, and avoiding delay in the diagnosis and unfavorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Sharifinejad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Majid Zaki-Dizaji
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Sepahvandi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farimah Fayyaz
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Marluce Dos Santos Vilela
- Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP). Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gehad ElGhazali
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Sottoriva K, Paik NY, White Z, Bandara T, Shao L, Sano T, Pajcini KV. A Notch/IL-21 signaling axis primes bone marrow T cell progenitor expansion. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e157015. [PMID: 35349492 PMCID: PMC9090257 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term impairment in T cell-mediated adaptive immunity is a major clinical obstacle following treatment of blood disorders with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although T cell development in the thymus has been extensively characterized, there are significant gaps in our understanding of prethymic processes that influence early T cell potential. We have uncovered a Notch/IL-21 signaling axis in bone marrow common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) cells. IL-21 receptor expression was driven by Notch activation in CLPs, and in vivo treatment with IL-21 induced Notch-dependent CLP proliferation. Taking advantage of this potentially novel signaling axis, we generated T cell progenitors ex vivo, which improved repopulation of the thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs of mice in an allogeneic transplant model. Importantly, Notch and IL-21 activation were equally effective in the priming and expansion of human cord blood cells toward the T cell fate, confirming the translational potential of the combined treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Na Yoon Paik
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and
| | - Zachary White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Lijian Shao
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and
| | - Teruyuki Sano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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Harasgama JC, Kasthuriarachchi TDW, Sirisena DMKP, Kwon H, Lee S, Wan Q, Lee J. Modulation of fish immune response by interferon regulatory factor 4 in redlip mullet (Liza haematocheilus): Delineation through expression profiling, antiviral assay, and macrophage polarization analysis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:104356. [PMID: 35065138 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a crucial member of IRF family, which acts as an imperative transcription factor in the development and maturation of multiple lineages of blood cells and also plays a pivotal role in host defense against microbial infections. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the detailed structural and functional aspects of a redlip mullet IRF4 homolog (LhIRF4). The LhIRF4 open reading frame consists of 1347 base pairs encoding 449 amino acids, with the DNA-binding domain sharing significant homology with that of other vertebrate IRF4 homologs. The highest transcription levels of LhIRF4 were observed in the mullet intestine and spleen under normal physiological conditions. Furthermore, a time-dependent upregulation of LhIRF4 transcription was observed in the spleen and head kidney tissues upon pathogenic challenges. When overexpressed in mullet cells, LhIRF4 was localized to the nucleus and significantly stimulated the transcription of several host antiviral genes. Moreover, the overexpression of LhIRF4 strongly inhibited the replication of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in vitro. The function of LhIRF4 in regulation of macrophage M2 polarization has also been evidently demonstrated in RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, our findings indicate the profound role of LhIRF4 in modulating immune responses against microbial infections in redlip mullet.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Harasgama
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - T D W Kasthuriarachchi
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - D M K P Sirisena
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Kwon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongdo Lee
- General Affairs Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Abstract
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 caused the COVID-19 global pandemic leading to 5.3 million deaths worldwide as of December 2021. The human intestine was found to be a major viral target which could have a strong impact on virus spread and pathogenesis since it is one of the largest organs. While type I interferons (IFNs) are key cytokines acting against systemic virus spread, in the human intestine type III IFNs play a major role by restricting virus infection and dissemination without disturbing homeostasis. Recent studies showed that both type I and III IFNs can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, but it is not clear whether one IFN controls SARS-CoV-2 infection of the human intestine better or with a faster kinetics. In this study, we could show that type I and III IFNs both possess antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in human intestinal epithelial cells (hIECs); however, type III IFN is more potent. Shorter type III IFN pretreatment times and lower concentrations were required to efficiently reduce virus load compared to type I IFNs. Moreover, type III IFNs significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 even 4 h postinfection and induced a long-lasting antiviral effect in hIECs. Importantly, the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 to type III IFNs was virus specific since type III IFN did not control VSV infection as efficiently. Together, these results suggest that type III IFNs have a higher potential for IFN-based treatment of SARS-CoV-2 intestinal infection compared to type I IFNs. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 infection is not restricted to the respiratory tract and a large number of COVID-19 patients experience gastrointestinal distress. Interferons are key molecules produced by the cell to combat virus infection. Here, we evaluated how two types of interferons (type I and III) can combat SARS-CoV-2 infection of human gut cells. We found that type III interferons were crucial to control SARS-CoV-2 infection when added both before and after infection. Importantly, type III interferons were also able to produce a long-lasting effect, as cells were protected from SARS-CoV-2 infection up to 72 h posttreatment. This study suggested an alternative treatment possibility for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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13
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Dong Y, Liu J, Lu N, Zhang C. Enterovirus 71 Antagonizes Antiviral Effects of Type III Interferon and Evades the Clearance of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:806084. [PMID: 35185830 PMCID: PMC8848745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.806084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the major pathogen causing severe neurological complications and hand, foot, and mouth disease. The intestinal mucosal immune system has a complete immune response and immune regulation mechanism, consisting of densely arranged monolayer intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIELs) distributed among the IECs, which constitute the first line of intestinal mucosa against infection of foreign pathogens. As an enterovirus, EV71 is transmitted by the intestinal tract; however, the mechanisms it uses to evade the immunosurveillance of the intestinal mucosal immune system are still incompletely clarified. The present study investigated how EV71 evades from recognizing and eliminating IECs, iIELs, and iNK cells. We found that EV71 infection induced a higher level of type III interferons (IFN-λ) than type I interferons (IFN-β) in IECs, and the addition of IFN-λ markedly restricted EV71 replication in IECs. These results indicate that IFN-λ plays a more important role in anti-EV71 intestinal infection. However, EV71 infection could markedly attenuate the antiviral responses of IFN-λ. Mechanistically, 2A protease (2Apro) and 3C protease (3Cpro) of EV71 inhibited the IFN-λ production and IFN-λ receptor expression and further decreased the response of IECs to IFN-λ. In addition, we found that EV71-infected IECs were less susceptible to the lysis of intestinal NK (iNK) cells and CD3+iIELs. We revealed that the viral 2Apro and 3Cpro could significantly reduce the expression of the ligands of natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) and promote the expression of PD-L1 on IECs, rendering them to evade the recognition and killing of iNK and CD3+iIELs. These results provide novel evasion mechanisms of EV71 from intestinal mucosal innate immunity and may give new insights into antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmin Dong
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Lu
- Institute of Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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14
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Lapaquette P, Bizeau JB, Acar N, Bringer MA. Reciprocal interactions between gut microbiota and autophagy. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:8283-8301. [PMID: 35068870 PMCID: PMC8717019 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i48.8283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A symbiotic relationship has set up between the gut microbiota and its host in the course of evolution, forming an interkingdom consortium. The gut offers a favorable ecological niche for microbial communities, with the whole body and external factors (e.g., diet or medications) contributing to modulating this microenvironment. Reciprocally, the gut microbiota is important for maintaining health by acting not only on the gut mucosa but also on other organs. However, failure in one or another of these two partners can lead to the breakdown in their symbiotic equilibrium and contribute to disease onset and/or progression. Several microbial and host processes are devoted to facing up the stress that could alter the symbiosis, ensuring the resilience of the ecosystem. Among these processes, autophagy is a host catabolic process integrating a wide range of stress in order to maintain cell survival and homeostasis. This cytoprotective mechanism, which is ubiquitous and operates at basal level in all tissues, can be rapidly down- or up-regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or post-translational levels, to respond to various stress conditions. Because of its sensitivity to all, metabolic-, immune-, and microbial-derived stimuli, autophagy is at the crossroad of the dialogue between changes occurring in the gut microbiota and the host responses. In this review, we first delineate the modulation of host autophagy by the gut microbiota locally in the gut and in peripheral organs. Then, we describe the autophagy-related mechanisms affecting the gut microbiota. We conclude this review with the current challenges and an outlook toward the future interventions aiming at modulating host autophagy by targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lapaquette
- UMR PAM A 02.102, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bizeau
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Bringer
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France
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15
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Argmann C, Tokuyama M, Ungaro RC, Huang R, Hou R, Gurunathan S, Kosoy R, Di’Narzo A, Wang W, Losic B, Irizar H, Peters L, Stojmirovic A, Wei G, Comella PH, Curran M, Brodmerkel C, Friedman JR, Hao K, Schadt EE, Zhu J, Cho J, Harpaz N, Dubinsky MC, Sands BE, Kasarskis A, Mehandru S, Colombel JF, Suárez-Fariñas M. Molecular Characterization of Limited Ulcerative Colitis Reveals Novel Biology and Predictors of Disease Extension. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1953-1968.e15. [PMID: 34480882 PMCID: PMC8640960 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Disease extent varies in ulcerative colitis (UC) from proctitis to left-sided colitis to pancolitis and is a major prognostic factor. When the extent of UC is limited there is often a sharp demarcation between macroscopically involved and uninvolved areas and what defines this or subsequent extension is unknown. We characterized the demarcation site molecularly and determined genes associated with subsequent disease extension. METHODS We performed RNA sequence analysis of biopsy specimens from UC patients with endoscopically and histologically confirmed limited disease, of which a subset later extended. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the endoscopically inflamed upper (proximal) limit of disease, immediately adjacent to the uninvolved colon, as well as at more proximal, endoscopically uninflamed colonic segments. RESULTS Differentially expressed genes were identified in the endoscopically inflamed biopsy specimens taken at each patient's most proximal diseased site relative to healthy controls. Expression of these genes in the more proximal biopsy specimens transitioned back to control levels abruptly or gradually, the latter pattern supporting the concept that disease exists beyond the endoscopic disease demarcation site. The gradually transitioning genes were associated with inflammation, angiogenesis, glucuronidation, and homeodomain pathways. A subset of these genes in inflamed biopsy specimens was found to predict disease extension better than clinical features and were responsive to biologic therapies. Network analysis revealed critical roles for interferon signaling in UC inflammation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 14 (PARP14) was a predicted key driver gene of extension. Higher PARP14 protein levels were found in inflamed biopsy specimens of patients with limited UC that subsequently extended. CONCLUSION Molecular predictors of disease extension reveal novel strategies for disease prognostication and potential therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, New York.
| | - Minami Tokuyama
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ryan C. Ungaro
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ruiqi Huang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ruixue Hou
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sakteesh Gurunathan
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Roman Kosoy
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, New York
| | - Antonio Di’Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, New York,Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, New York
| | - Bojan Losic
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, New York
| | - Haritz Irizar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lauren Peters
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, New York
| | | | - Gabrielle Wei
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, New York
| | - Phillip H. Comella
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, New York,Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, New York,Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, New York,Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut
| | - Judy Cho
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Noam Harpaz
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Marla C. Dubinsky
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Bruce E. Sands
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Andrew Kasarskis
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, New York,Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut,Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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16
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Bruland T, Østvik AE, Sandvik AK, Hansen MD. Host-Viral Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910851. [PMID: 34639191 PMCID: PMC8509287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is characterized by relapsing and remitting colonic mucosal inflammation. During the early stages of viral infection, innate immune defenses are activated, leading to the rapid release of cytokines and the subsequent initiation of downstream responses including inflammation. Previously, intestinal viruses were thought to be either detrimental or neutral to the host. However, persisting viruses may have a role as resident commensals and confer protective immunity during inflammation. On the other hand, the dysregulation of gut mucosal immune responses to viruses can trigger excessive, pathogenic inflammation. The purpose of this review is to discuss virus-induced innate immune responses that are at play in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Bruland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann Elisabet Østvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Kristian Sandvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Doré Hansen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence:
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17
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Henden AS, Koyama M, Robb RJ, Forero A, Kuns RD, Chang K, Ensbey KS, Varelias A, Kazakoff SH, Waddell N, Clouston AD, Giri R, Begun J, Blazar BR, Degli-Esposti MA, Kotenko SV, Lane SW, Bowerman KL, Savan R, Hugenholtz P, Gartlan KH, Hill GR. IFN-λ therapy prevents severe gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2021; 138:722-737. [PMID: 34436524 PMCID: PMC8667051 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunopathology and intestinal stem cell (ISC) loss in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the prima facie manifestation of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and is responsible for significant mortality after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Approaches to prevent GVHD to date focus on immune suppression. Here, we identify interferon-λ (IFN-λ; interleukin-28 [IL-28]/IL-29) as a key protector of GI GVHD immunopathology, notably within the ISC compartment. Ifnlr1-/- mice displayed exaggerated GI GVHD and mortality independent of Paneth cells and alterations to the microbiome. Ifnlr1-/- intestinal organoid growth was significantly impaired, and targeted Ifnlr1 deficiency exhibited effects intrinsic to recipient Lgr5+ ISCs and natural killer cells. PEGylated recombinant IL-29 (PEG-rIL-29) treatment of naive mice enhanced Lgr5+ ISC numbers and organoid growth independent of both IL-22 and type I IFN and modulated proliferative and apoptosis gene sets in Lgr5+ ISCs. PEG-rIL-29 treatment improved survival, reduced GVHD severity, and enhanced epithelial proliferation and ISC-derived organoid growth after BMT. The preservation of ISC numbers in response to PEG-rIL-29 after BMT occurred both in the presence and absence of IFN-λ-signaling in recipient natural killer cells. IFN-λ is therefore an attractive and rapidly testable approach to prevent ISC loss and immunopathology during GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Henden
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Motoko Koyama
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Renee J Robb
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adriana Forero
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Rachel D Kuns
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karshing Chang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kathleen S Ensbey
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Antiopi Varelias
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen H Kazakoff
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicole Waddell
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Rabina Giri
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland-Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jakob Begun
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland-Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sergei V Kotenko
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, and
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences (RBHS), Newark, NJ
| | - Steven W Lane
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate L Bowerman
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; and
| | - Ram Savan
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; and
| | - Kate H Gartlan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Medical Oncology, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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18
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Papadopoulos VE, Skarlis C, Evangelopoulos ME, Mavragani CP. Type I interferon detection in autoimmune diseases: challenges and clinical applications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:883-903. [PMID: 34096436 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1939686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulating data highlights that the dysregulation of type I interferon (IFN) pathways plays a central role in the pathogenesis of several systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Advances in understanding the role of type I IFNs in these disorders can lead to targeted drug development as well as establishing potential disease biomarkers. AREAS COVERED Here, we summarize current knowledge regarding the role of type I IFNs in the major systemic, as well as organ-specific, autoimmune disorders, including prominent inflammatory CNS disorders like multiple sclerosis. EXPERT OPINION Type I IFN involvement and its clinical associations in a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases represents a promising area for research aiming to unveil common pathogenetic pathways in systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis E Papadopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Skarlis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleftheria Evangelopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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19
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Marié IJ, Brambilla L, Azzouz D, Chen Z, Baracho GV, Arnett A, Li HS, Liu W, Cimmino L, Chattopadhyay P, Silverman G, Watowich SS, Khor B, Levy DE. Tonic interferon restricts pathogenic IL-17-driven inflammatory disease via balancing the microbiome. eLife 2021; 10:68371. [PMID: 34378531 PMCID: PMC8376249 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of immune homeostasis involves a synergistic relationship between the host and the microbiome. Canonical interferon (IFN) signaling controls responses to acute microbial infection, through engagement of the STAT1 transcription factor. However, the contribution of tonic levels of IFN to immune homeostasis in the absence of acute infection remains largely unexplored. We report that STAT1 KO mice spontaneously developed an inflammatory disease marked by myeloid hyperplasia and splenic accumulation of hematopoietic stem cells. Moreover, these animals developed inflammatory bowel disease. Profiling gut bacteria revealed a profound dysbiosis in the absence of tonic IFN signaling, which triggered expansion of TH17 cells and loss of splenic Treg cells. Reduction of bacterial load by antibiotic treatment averted the TH17 bias and blocking IL17 signaling prevented myeloid expansion and splenic stem cell accumulation. Thus, tonic IFNs regulate gut microbial ecology, which is crucial for maintaining physiologic immune homeostasis and preventing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Doua Azzouz
- NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Ze Chen
- NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | | | - Azlann Arnett
- Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States
| | - Haiyan S Li
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Weiguo Liu
- NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Luisa Cimmino
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States
| | | | | | | | - Bernard Khor
- Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States
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20
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Haring E, Zeiser R, Apostolova P. Interfering With Inflammation: Heterogeneous Effects of Interferons in Graft- Versus-Host Disease of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705342. [PMID: 34249014 PMCID: PMC8264264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine can be the target of several immunologically mediated diseases, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GVHD is a life-threatening complication that occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is associated with a particularly high mortality. GVHD development starts with the recognition of allo-antigens in the recipient by the donor immune system, which elicits immune-mediated damage of otherwise healthy tissues. IBD describes a group of immunologically mediated chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine. Several aspects, including genetic predisposition and immune dysregulation, are responsible for the development of IBD, with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis being the two most common variants. GVHD and IBD share multiple key features of their onset and development, including intestinal tissue damage and loss of intestinal barrier function. A further common feature in the pathophysiology of both diseases is the involvement of cytokines such as type I and II interferons (IFNs), amongst others. IFNs are a family of protein mediators produced as a part of the inflammatory response, typically to pathogens or malignant cells. Diverse, and partially paradoxical, effects have been described for IFNs in GVHD and IBD. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of type I, II and III IFNs, including basic concepts and controversies about their functions in the context of GVHD and IBD. In addition, therapeutic options, research developments and remaining open questions are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Haring
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petya Apostolova
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Sudhakar P, Verstockt B, Cremer J, Verstockt S, Sabino J, Ferrante M, Vermeire S. Understanding the Molecular Drivers of Disease Heterogeneity in Crohn's Disease Using Multi-omic Data Integration and Network Analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:870-886. [PMID: 33313682 PMCID: PMC8128416 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD), a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is characterized by heterogeneity along multiple clinical axes, which in turn impacts disease progression and treatment modalities. Using advanced data integration approaches and systems biology tools, we studied the contribution of CD susceptibility variants and gene expression in distinct peripheral immune cell subsets (CD14+ monocytes and CD4+ T cells) to relevant clinical traits. Our analyses revealed that most clinical traits capturing CD heterogeneity could be associated with CD14+ and CD4+ gene expression rather than disease susceptibility variants. By disentangling the sources of variation, we identified molecular features that could potentially be driving the heterogeneity of various clinical traits of CD patients. Further downstream analyses identified contextual hub proteins such as genes encoding barrier functions, antimicrobial peptides, chemokines, and their receptors, which are either targeted by drugs used in CD or other inflammatory diseases or are relevant to the biological functions implicated in disease pathology. These hubs could be used as cell type-specific targets to treat specific subtypes of CD patients in a more individualized approach based on the underlying biology driving their disease subtypes. Our study highlights the importance of data integration and systems approaches to investigate complex and heterogeneous diseases such as IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padhmanand Sudhakar
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID)
| | - Bram Verstockt
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID)
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sare Verstockt
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID)
| | - João Sabino
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID)
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Marc Ferrante
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID)
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID)
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
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22
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McElrath C, Espinosa V, Lin JD, Peng J, Sridhar R, Dutta O, Tseng HC, Smirnov SV, Risman H, Sandoval MJ, Davra V, Chang YJ, Pollack BP, Birge RB, Galan M, Rivera A, Durbin JE, Kotenko SV. Critical role of interferons in gastrointestinal injury repair. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2624. [PMID: 33976143 PMCID: PMC8113246 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of ulcerative colitis is poorly understood and is likely to involve perturbation of the complex interactions between the mucosal immune system and the commensal bacteria of the gut, with cytokines acting as important cross-regulators. Here we use IFN receptor-deficient mice in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of acute intestinal injury to study the contributions of type I and III interferons (IFN) to the initiation, progression and resolution of acute colitis. We find that mice lacking both types of IFN receptors exhibit enhanced barrier destruction, extensive loss of goblet cells and diminished proliferation of epithelial cells in the colon following DSS-induced damage. Impaired mucosal healing in double IFN receptor-deficient mice is driven by decreased amphiregulin expression, which IFN signaling can up-regulate in either the epithelial or hematopoietic compartment. Together, these data underscore the pleiotropic functions of IFNs and demonstrate that these critical antiviral cytokines also support epithelial regeneration following acute colonic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance McElrath
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Vanessa Espinosa
- Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jian-Da Lin
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jianya Peng
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Raghavendra Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Orchi Dutta
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chi Tseng
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sergey V Smirnov
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Heidi Risman
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Marvin J Sandoval
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viralkumar Davra
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yun-Juan Chang
- Office of Advance Research Computing, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Brian P Pollack
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raymond B Birge
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Cell Signaling, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mark Galan
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Amariliz Rivera
- Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Joan E Durbin
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sergei V Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
- Center for Cell Signaling, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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23
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Feng D, Christensen JT, Yetman AT, Lindsey ML, Singh AB, Salomon JD. The microbiome’s relationship with congenital heart disease: more than a gut feeling. JOURNAL OF CONGENITAL CARDIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40949-021-00060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractPatients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for developing intestinal dysbiosis and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction due to abnormal gut perfusion or hypoxemia in the context of low cardiac output or cyanosis. Intestinal dysbiosis may contribute to systemic inflammation thereby worsening clinical outcomes in this patient population. Despite significant advances in the management and survival of patients with CHD, morbidity remains significant and questions have arisen as to the role of the microbiome in the inflammatory process. Intestinal dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction experienced in this patient population are increasingly implicated in critical illness. This review highlights possible CHD-microbiome interactions, illustrates underlying signaling mechanisms, and discusses future directions and therapeutic translation of the basic research.
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24
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Pandey A, Nikam AN, Mutalik SP, Fernandes G, Shreya AB, Padya BS, Raychaudhuri R, Kulkarni S, Prassl R, Subramanian S, Korde A, Mutalik S. Architectured Therapeutic and Diagnostic Nanoplatforms for Combating SARS-CoV-2: Role of Inorganic, Organic, and Radioactive Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:31-54. [PMID: 33371667 PMCID: PMC7783900 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although extensive research is being done to combat SARS-CoV-2, we are yet far away from a robust conclusion or strategy. With an increased amount of vaccine research, nanotechnology has found its way into vaccine technology. Researchers have explored the use of various nanostructures for delivering the vaccines for enhanced efficacy. Apart from acting as delivery platforms, multiple studies have shown the application of inorganic nanoparticles in suppressing the growth as well as transmission of the virus. The present review gives a detailed description of various inorganic nanomaterials which are being explored for combating SARS-CoV-2 along with their role in suppressing the transmission of the virus either through air or by contact with inanimate surfaces. The review further discusses the use of nanoparticles for development of an antiviral coating that may decrease adhesion of SARS-CoV-2. A separate section has been included describing the role of nanostructures in biosensing and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. The role of nanotechnology in providing an alternative therapeutic platform along with the role of radionuclides in SARS-CoV-2 has been described briefly. Based on ongoing research and commercialization of this nanoplatform for a viral disease, the nanomaterials show the potential in therapy, biosensing, and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Pandey
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajinkya N. Nikam
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sadhana P. Mutalik
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Gasper Fernandes
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajjappla Basavaraj Shreya
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Bharath Singh Padya
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruchira Raychaudhuri
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Kulkarni
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruth Prassl
- Gottfried
Schatz Research Centre for Cell Signalling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Suresh Subramanian
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aruna Korde
- Radioisotope
Products and Radiation Technology Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
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25
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Ferreira C, Viana SD, Reis F. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis-Immune Hyperresponse-Inflammation Triad in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact of Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Approaches. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1514. [PMID: 33019592 PMCID: PMC7601735 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic infection caused by a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients present a complex clinical picture that, in severe cases, evolves to respiratory, hepatic, gastrointestinal, and neurological complications, and eventually death. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are complex and multifactorial and have been summarized as a hyperresponse of the immune system that originates an inflammatory/cytokine storm. In elderly patients, particularly in those with pre-existing cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, and pulmonary disorders, the disease is particularly severe, causing prolonged hospitalization at intensive care units (ICU) and an increased mortality rate. Curiously, the same populations have been described as more prone to a gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis profile. Intestinal microflora plays a major role in many metabolic and immune functions of the host, including to educate and strengthen the immune system to fight infections, namely of viral origin. Notably, recent studies suggest the existence of GM dysbiosis in COVID-19 patients. This review article highlights the interplay between the triad GM dysbiosis-immune hyperresponse-inflammation in the individual resilience/fragility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and presents the putative impact of pharmacological and nutraceutical approaches on the triumvirate, with focus on GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ferreira
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia D. Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
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26
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Mavragani CP, Nezos A, Dovrolis N, Andreou NP, Legaki E, Sechi LA, Bamias G, Gazouli M. Type I and II Interferon Signatures Can Predict the Response to Anti-TNF Agents in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Involvement of the Microbiota. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1543-1553. [PMID: 32812029 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-TNF agents have been a cornerstone of IBD therapy; however, response to treatment has been variable, and clinically applicable biomarkers are urgently needed. We hypothesized that the type I and type II interferon (IFN) signatures may be a confounding factor for response to antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment via interactions with the host and its gut microbiota. METHODS Peripheral blood from 30 IBD patients and 10 healthy controls was subjected to real-time quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for type I and type II IFN genes (IFNGs), both at baseline and after treatment with anti-TNF. Correlation between IFN signatures and microbiota composition was also determined for a subgroup of patients and controls. RESULTS At baseline, type I IFN score was significantly higher in IBD patients (P = 0.04 vs controls). Responders to subsequent anti-TNF treatment had significantly lower baseline scores for both type I and II IFN signatures (P < 0.005 vs nonresponders for both comparisons). During treatment with anti-TNF, the expression of type I and II IFNGs was significantly elevated in responders and decreased in nonresponders. In addition, changes in IFN signatures correlated to specific alterations in the abundance of several microbial taxa of the gut microbiome. CONCLUSIONS Baseline expression of type I and II IFN signatures and their kinetics during anti-TNF administration significantly correlate to treatment responses in IBD patients. Peripheral blood IFN signatures may serve as clinically meaningful biomarkers for the identification of subgroups of patients with favorable response to anti-TNF treatment. Additionally, the distinct synergies between different IFN types and microbiota might help drive therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Adrianos Nezos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolas Dovrolis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Legaki
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- GI-Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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27
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Østvik AE, Svendsen TD, Granlund AVB, Doseth B, Skovdahl HK, Bakke I, Thorsvik S, Afroz W, Walaas GA, Mollnes TE, Gustafsson BI, Sandvik AK, Bruland T. Intestinal Epithelial Cells Express Immunomodulatory ISG15 During Active Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:920-934. [PMID: 32020185 PMCID: PMC7392169 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal epithelial cells [IECs] secrete cytokines that recruit immune cells to the mucosa and regulate immune responses that drive inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. However, experiments in patient-derived IEC models are still scarce. Here, we aimed to investigate how innate immunity and IEC-specific pattern recognition receptor [PRR] signalling can be involved in an enhanced type I interferon [IFN] gene signature observed in colon epithelium of patients with active IBD, with a special focus on secreted ubiquitin-like protein ISG15. METHODS Gene and protein expression in whole mucosa biopsies and in microdissected human colonic epithelial lining, in HT29 human intestinal epithelial cells and primary 3D colonoids treated with PRR-ligands and cytokines, were detected by transcriptomics, in situ hybridisation, immunohistochemistry, western blots, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. Effects of IEC-secreted cytokines were examined in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs] by multiplex chemokine profiling and ELISA. RESULTS The type I IFN gene signature in human mucosal biopsies was mimicked in Toll-like receptor TLR3 and to some extent tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-treated human IECs. In intestinal biopsies, ISG15 expression correlated with expression of the newly identified receptor for extracellular ISG15, LFA-1 integrin. ISG15 was expressed and secreted from HT29 cells and primary 3D colonoids through both JAK1-pSTAT-IRF9-dependent and independent pathways. In experiments using PBMCs, we show that ISG15 releases IBD-relevant proinflammatory cytokines such as CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, CCL20, IL1, IL6, TNF, and IFNγ. CONCLUSIONS ISG15 is secreted from primary IECs upon extracellular stimulation, and mucosal ISG15 emerges as an intriguing candidate for immunotherapy in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Elisabet Østvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Department of G2astroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tarjei Dahl Svendsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atle van Beelen Granlund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit Doseth
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helene Kolstad Skovdahl
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingunn Bakke
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Clinic of Medicine, St Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silje Thorsvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Department of G2astroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wahida Afroz
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gunnar Andreas Walaas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodo, Norway,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Inge Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Department of G2astroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Kristian Sandvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Department of G2astroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torunn Bruland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Clinic of Medicine, St Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway,Corresponding author: Torunn Bruland, PhD, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine [IKOM], Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences [MH], NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway. Tel.: +47 72825324; E-mail
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Kotenko SV, Rivera A, Parker D, Durbin JE. Type III IFNs: Beyond antiviral protection. Semin Immunol 2020; 43:101303. [PMID: 31771761 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The unexpected discovery of a novel family of antiviral mediators, type III IFNs or IFN-λs, challenged the widely accepted primacy of type I IFNs in antiviral immunity, and it is now well recognized that the IFN-λ-based antiviral system plays a major role in antiviral protection of epithelial barriers. The recent characterization of previously unknown IFN-λ-mediated activities has prompted further reassessment of the role of type I IFNs in innate and adaptive immune and inflammatory responses. Since type I and type III IFNs are co-produced in response to a variety of stimuli, it is likely that many physiological processes are simultaneously and coordinately regulated by these cytokines in pathological conditions, and likely at steady state, as baseline expression of both IFN types is maintained by microbiota. In this review, we discuss emerging differences in the production and signaling of type I and type III IFNs, and summarize results of recent studies describing the involvement of type III IFNs in anti-bacterial and anti-fungal, as well as antiviral, defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Center for Cell Signaling, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, RBHS, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Amariliz Rivera
- Department of Pediatrics, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, RBHS, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, RBHS, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Joan E Durbin
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, RBHS, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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Ahmed CM, Ildefonso CJ, Johnson HM, Lewin AS. A C-terminal peptide from type I interferon protects the retina in a mouse model of autoimmune uveitis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227524. [PMID: 32101556 PMCID: PMC7043762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in rodents recapitulates many features of the disease in humans and has served as a useful tool for the development of therapeutics. A peptide from C-terminus of interferon α1, conjugated to palmitoyl-lysine for cell penetration, denoted as IFNα-C, was tested for its anti-inflammatory properties in ARPE-19 cells, followed by testing in a mouse model of EAU. Treatment with IFNα-C and evaluation by RT-qPCR showed the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine. Inflammatory markers induced by treatment with TNFα were suppressed when IFNα-C was simultaneously present. TNF-α mediated induction of NF-κB and signaling by IL-17A were attenuated by IFNα-C. Differentiated ARPE-19 cells were treated with TNFα in the presence or absence IFNα-C and analyzed by immmunhistochemistry. IFNα-C protected against the disruption integrity of tight junction proteins. Similarly, loss of transepithelial resistance caused by TNFα was prevented by IFNα-C. B10.RIII mice were immunized with a peptide from interphotoreceptor binding protein (IRBP) and treated by gavage with IFNα-C. Development of uveitis was monitored by histology, fundoscopy, SD-OCT, and ERG. Treatment with IFNα-C prevented uveitis in mice immunized with the IRBP peptide. Splenocytes isolated from mice with ongoing EAU exhibited antigen-specific T cell proliferation that was inhibited in the presence of IFNα-C. IFNα-C peptide exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and protects mice against damage to retinal structure and function suggesting that it has therapeutic potential for the treatment of autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulbul M. Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Cristhian J. Ildefonso
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Howard M. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Alfred S. Lewin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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Sooryanarain H, Heffron CL, Meng XJ. The U-Rich Untranslated Region of the Hepatitis E Virus Induces Differential Type I and Type III Interferon Responses in a Host Cell-Dependent Manner. mBio 2020; 11:e03103-19. [PMID: 31937650 PMCID: PMC6960293 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03103-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a single-strand positive-sense RNA virus, is an understudied but important human pathogen. The virus can establish infection at a number of host tissues, including the small intestine and liver, causing acute and chronic hepatitis E as well as certain neurological disorders. The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) pathway is essential to induce the interferon (IFN) response during HEV infection. However, the pathogen-associated motif patterns (PAMPs) in the HEV genome that are recognized by RIG-I remain unknown. In this study, we first identified that HEV RNA PAMPs derived from the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the HEV genome induced higher levels of IFN mRNA, interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF3) phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation than the 5' UTR of HEV. We revealed that the U-rich region in the 3' UTR of the HEV genome acts as a potent RIG-I PAMP, while the presence of poly(A) tail in the 3' UTR further increases the potency. We further demonstrated that HEV UTR PAMPs induce differential type I and type III IFN responses in a cell type-dependent fashion. Predominant type III IFN response was observed in the liver tissues of pigs experimentally infected with HEV as well as in HEV RNA PAMP-induced human hepatocytes in vitro In contrast, HEV RNA PAMPs induced a predominant type I IFN response in swine enterocytes. Taken together, the results from this study indicated that the IFN response during HEV infection depends both on viral RNA motifs and host target cell types. The results have important implications in understanding the mechanism of HEV pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important human pathogen causing both acute and chronic viral hepatitis E infection. Currently, the mechanisms of HEV replication and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. The innate immune response acts as the first line of defense during viral infection. The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-mediated interferon (IFN) response has been implicated in establishing antiviral response during HEV infection, although the HEV RNA motifs that are recognized by RIG-I are unknown. This study identified that the U-rich region in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the HEV genome acts as a potent RIG-I agonist compared to the HEV 5' UTR. We further revealed that the HEV RNA pathogen-associated motif patterns (PAMPs) induced a differential IFN response in a cell type-dependent manner: a predominantly type III IFN response in hepatocytes, and a predominantly type I IFN response in enterocytes. These data demonstrate the complexity by which both host and viral factors influence the IFN response during HEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Sooryanarain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Connie L Heffron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Xiang-Jin Meng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Chang Q, Guo F, Liu J, Zhang D, Feng Y, Ma XX, Shang Y. Basal interferon signaling and therapeutic use of interferons in controlling peste des petits ruminants virus infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:103981. [PMID: 31369863 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a morbillivirus which causes severe disease in ruminants. Since interferons (IFNs) serve as the important defense line against viral infection, we have investigated the roles of types I and III IFNs in PPRV infection in vitro. Upon PPRV infection, IFN-λ3 was strongly induced, while IFN-β and IFN-λ2 were moderately induced at transcriptional level in human embryonic kidney 293 T (HEK293T) cells. Although the transcription of type I and III IFNs were triggered, the production of functional IFN products was not detected. Importantly, the replication of PPRV was strongly inhibited in HEK293T cells treated by the exogenous IFNs (IFN-α-2b, IFN-β and IFN-λ3). Consistently, these IFNs significantly activate a panel of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). The inhibition of JAK-STAT pathway by JAK I inhibitor can abrogate the anti-PPRV activity of IFNs. Thus, our study shall contribute to better understanding of the complex PPRV-host interactions and provide rationale for therapeutic development of IFN-based treatment against PPRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Chang
- Center for Biomedical Research, Northwest Minzu University, Gansu 730030, PR China
| | - Fucheng Guo
- Center for Biomedical Research, Northwest Minzu University, Gansu 730030, PR China
| | - Junlin Liu
- Center for Biomedical Research, Northwest Minzu University, Gansu 730030, PR China
| | - Derong Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Research, Northwest Minzu University, Gansu 730030, PR China
| | - Yuping Feng
- Center for Biomedical Research, Northwest Minzu University, Gansu 730030, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xia Ma
- Center for Biomedical Research, Northwest Minzu University, Gansu 730030, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.
| | - Youjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.
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Neil JA, Cadwell K. The Intestinal Virome and Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 201:1615-1624. [PMID: 30181300 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the human microbiome is considered a major source of interindividual variation in immunity and, by extension, susceptibility to diseases. Intestinal bacteria have been the major focus of research. However, diverse communities of viruses that infect microbes and the animal host cohabitate the gastrointestinal tract and collectively constitute the gut virome. Although viruses are typically investigated as pathogens, recent studies highlight a relationship between the host and animal viruses in the gut that is more akin to host-microbiome interactions and includes both beneficial and detrimental outcomes for the host. These viruses are likely sources of immune variation, both locally and extraintestinally. In this review, we describe the components of the gut virome, in particular mammalian viruses, and their ability to modulate host responses during homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Neil
- Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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Choe EK, Lee JE, Chung SJ, Yang SY, Kim YS, Shin ES, Choi SH, Bae JH. Genome-wide association study of right-sided colonic diverticulosis in a Korean population. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7360. [PMID: 31089239 PMCID: PMC6517584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverticulosis results from complex interactions related to aging, environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Despite epidemiologic evidence of genetic risk factors, there has been no attempt to identify genes that confer susceptibility to colonic diverticulosis. We performed the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) on susceptibility to diverticulosis in a Korean population. A GWAS was carried out in 7,948 healthy individuals: 893 patients and 1,075 controls comprised the test set, and 346 patients and 305 controls comprised the replication set. Diverticulosis was diagnosed by colonoscopy during comprehensive medical check-ups, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to diverticulosis were detected with the Affymetrix Axiom KORV1.1-96 Array. In all, 9 SNPs were identified in three SNP aggregates in the test set (P < 10−3, within 200 kb) after adjusting for sex. All the SNPs were replicated in the replication set (P < 0.05). Three SNPs were near the WNT4 gene, four near the RHOU gene, and two in the OAS1/3 genes. The top SNP associated with right-sided colonic diverticulosis was rs22538787, located near the WNT4 gene [combined set, P-value = 3.128 × 10−6, odds ratio = 1.415 (95% confidence interval: 1.223–1.637)]. These 9 novel SNP alleles associated with the WNT4, RHOU, and OAS1/3 genes are possibly involved in the underlying genetic susceptibility to right-sided diverticulosis. Our results provide basic knowledge about the development of diverticulosis in an Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Choe
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Su Jin Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Seung Ho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam, Seoul, Korea.
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Regeneration After Radiation- and Immune-Mediated Tissue Injury Is Not Enhanced by Type III Interferon Signaling. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 103:970-976. [PMID: 30503785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type I interferon (IFN-I) and interleukin (IL)-22 modulate regeneration of the thymus and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) after cytotoxic stress such as irradiation. Radiation-induced damage to thymic tissues and IECs is a crucial aspect during the pathogenesis of inadequate immune reconstitution and acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with myeloablative total body irradiation (TBI), respectively. IL-22 and IFN-I reduce the severity of acute GVHD after allo-HSCT with myeloablative TBI. However, the role of biologically related type III interferon (IFN-III), also known as interferon lambda (IFN-λ) or IL-28, in this context is unclear. We therefore studied the role of the IFN-III pathway in thymic regeneration and GVHD after TBI and allo-HSCT. METHODS AND MATERIALS Cohoused wild-type (WT) and IFN-III receptor-deficient (IL-28 receptor alpha subunit-deficient/IL-28Ra-/-) mice were analyzed in models of TBI-induced thymus damage and a model of GVHD after allo-HSCT with myeloablative TBI. PASylated IFN-III (PASylated IL-28A, XL-protein GmbH) was generated to prolong the plasma half-life of IFN-III. Pharmacologic activity and the effects of PASylated IL-28A on radiation-induced thymus damage and the course of GVHD after allo-HSCT with myeloablative TBI were tested. RESULTS The course and severity of GVHD after myeloablative TBI and allo-HSCT in IL-28Ra-/- mice was comparable to those in WT mice. Activation of the IFN-III pathway by PASylated IL-28A did not significantly modulate GVHD after allo-HSCT with TBI. Furthermore, IL28Ra-/- mice and WT mice showed similar thymus regeneration after radiation, which could also not be significantly modulated by IFN-III receptor engagement using PASylated IL-28A. CONCLUSIONS We analyzed the role of IFN-III signaling during radiation-mediated acute tissue injury. Despite molecular and biologic homologies with IFN-I and IL-22, IFN-III signaling did not improve thymus regeneration after radiation or the course of GVHD after myeloablative TBI and allo-HSCT.
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HOIL1 Is Essential for the Induction of Type I and III Interferons by MDA5 and Regulates Persistent Murine Norovirus Infection. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01368-18. [PMID: 30209176 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01368-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), composed of heme-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase 1 (HOIL1), HOIL1-interacting protein (HOIP), and SHANK-associated RH domain-interacting protein (SHARPIN), is a crucial regulator of multiple immune signaling pathways. In humans, HOIL1 or HOIP deficiency is associated with an immune disorder involving autoinflammation, immunodeficiency, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like symptoms. During viral infection, LUBAC is reported to inhibit the induction of interferon (IFN) by the cytosolic RNA sensor retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I). Surprisingly, we found that HOIL1 is essential for the induction of both type I and type III IFNs, as well as the phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), during murine norovirus (MNoV) infection in cultured dendritic cells. The RIG-I-like receptor, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), is also required for IFN induction and IRF3 phosphorylation during MNoV infection. Furthermore, HOIL1 and MDA5 were required for IFN induction after Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection and poly(I·C) transfection, but not Sendai virus or vesicular stomatitis virus infection, indicating that HOIL1 and LUBAC are required selectively for MDA5 signaling. Moreover, Hoil1 - / - mice exhibited defective control of acute and persistent murine norovirus infection and defective regulation of MNoV persistence by the microbiome as also observed previously for mice deficient in interferon lambda (IFN-λ) receptor, signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 1 (STAT1), and IRF3. These data indicate that LUBAC plays a critical role in IFN induction to control RNA viruses sensed by MDA5.IMPORTANCE Human noroviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis throughout the world but are challenging to study in vivo and in vitro Murine norovirus (MNoV) provides a tractable genetic and small-animal model to study norovirus biology and immune responses. Interferons are critical mediators of antiviral immunity, but excessive expression can dysregulate the immune system. IFN-λ plays an important role at mucosal surfaces, including the gastrointestinal tract, and both IFN-λ and commensal enteric bacteria are important modulators of persistent MNoV infection. LUBAC, of which HOIL1 is a component, is reported to inhibit type I IFN induction after RIG-I stimulation. We show, in contrast, that HOIL1 is critical for type I and III IFN induction during infection with MNoV, a virus that preferentially activates MDA5. Moreover, HOIL1 regulates MNoV infection in vivo These data reveal distinct functions for LUBAC in these closely related signaling pathways and in modulation of IFN expression.
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Van der Jeught K, De Koker S, Bialkowski L, Heirman C, Tjok Joe P, Perche F, Maenhout S, Bevers S, Broos K, Deswarte K, Malard V, Hammad H, Baril P, Benvegnu T, Jaffrès PA, Kooijmans SAA, Schiffelers R, Lienenklaus S, Midoux P, Pichon C, Breckpot K, Thielemans K. Dendritic Cell Targeting mRNA Lipopolyplexes Combine Strong Antitumor T-Cell Immunity with Improved Inflammatory Safety. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9815-9829. [PMID: 30256609 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In vitro transcribed mRNA constitutes a versatile platform to encode antigens and to evoke CD8 T-cell responses. Systemic delivery of mRNA packaged into cationic liposomes (lipoplexes) has proven particularly powerful in achieving effective antitumor immunity in animal models. Yet, T-cell responses to mRNA lipoplexes critically depend on the induction of type I interferons (IFN), potent pro-inflammatory cytokines, which inflict dose-limiting toxicities. Here, we explored an advanced hybrid lipid polymer shell mRNA nanoparticle (lipopolyplex) endowed with a trimannose sugar tree as an alternative delivery vehicle for systemic mRNA vaccination. Like mRNA lipoplexes, mRNA lipopolyplexes were extremely effective in conferring antitumor T-cell immunity upon systemic administration. Conversely to mRNA lipoplexes, mRNA lipopolyplexes did not rely on type I IFN for effective T-cell immunity. This differential mode of action of mRNA lipopolyplexes enabled the incorporation of N1 methyl pseudouridine nucleoside modified mRNA to reduce inflammatory responses without hampering T-cell immunity. This feature was attributed to mRNA lipopolyplexes, as the incorporation of thus modified mRNA into lipoplexes resulted in strongly weakened T-cell immunity. Taken together, we have identified lipopolyplexes containing N1 methyl pseudouridine nucleoside modified mRNA as potent yet low-inflammatory alternatives to the mRNA lipoplexes currently explored in early phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Van der Jeught
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | | | - Lukasz Bialkowski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Carlo Heirman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Patrick Tjok Joe
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Federico Perche
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, University and Inserm , Orléans 45071 , France
| | | | - Sanne Bevers
- eTheRNA Immunotherapies NV , Niel 2845 , Belgium
| | - Katrijn Broos
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- VIB Inflammation Research Center , UGent , Ghent 9052 , Belgium
| | - Virginie Malard
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, University and Inserm , Orléans 45071 , France
| | - Hamida Hammad
- VIB Inflammation Research Center , UGent , Ghent 9052 , Belgium
| | - Patrick Baril
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, University and Inserm , Orléans 45071 , France
| | - Thierry Benvegnu
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS UMR6226 , Rennes 35708 , France
| | - Paul-Alain Jaffrès
- CEMA, CNRS UMR 6521, SFR148 ScInBioS , Université de Brest , Brest 29238 , France
| | - Sander A A Kooijmans
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteit Utrecht , Utrecht 3584 , Netherlands
| | - Raymond Schiffelers
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteit Utrecht , Utrecht 3584 , Netherlands
| | | | - Patrick Midoux
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, University and Inserm , Orléans 45071 , France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, University and Inserm , Orléans 45071 , France
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
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Rajamanickam A, Munisankar S, Bhootra Y, Dolla C, Nutman TB, Babu S. Elevated Systemic and Parasite-Antigen Stimulated Levels of Type III IFNs in a Chronic Helminth Infection and Reversal Following Anthelmintic Treatment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2353. [PMID: 30405603 PMCID: PMC6205947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III IFNs are important players in immunity to viral and bacterial infections. However, their association with helminth infections has not been examined. To explore the association of Type III IFNs with Strongyloides stercoralis (Ss) infection, we examined the systemic levels of IFN lambda-1, IFN lambda-2 and IFN lambda-3, IL-10, and CXCL10/IP-10 in Ss infected (INF, n = 44), helminth—uninfected (UN, n = 44) and in post-treatment INF individuals. We also examined the levels of IFN lambda-1, IFN lambda-2 and IFN lambda-3, IL-10, and CXCL10/IP-10 in whole blood culture supernatants stimulated with Ss somatic antigens, or PPD or LPS. Finally, we performed correlations of systemic Type III IFN levels with absolute numbers of dendritic cell subsets. Ss infection is characterized by elevated systemic levels of IFN lambda-1, IFN lambda-2 and IFN lambda-3, IL-10, and CXCL10/IP-10 in comparison to UN individuals and a significant reduction following anthelmintic treatment. Ss infection is also characterized by elevated levels of unstimulated or Ss antigen stimulated levels of IFN lambda-1, IFN lambda-2 and IFN lambda-3, CXCL10/IP-10 and a significant reduction following treatment. In addition, Ss infection is characterized by increased numbers of plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells in comparison to UN individuals, with a significant reduction following anthelmintic treatment of INF individuals. Finally, Ss infection exhibits a significant positive correlation between the systemic levels of IFN lambda-2 and IFN lambda-3 and the numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Thus, Ss infection is characterized by elevations in systemic and antigen—induced levels of Type III IFNs, which is positively associated with the numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and reversed upon anthelmintic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Rajamanickam
- National Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Saravanan Munisankar
- National Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Yukthi Bhootra
- National Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Thomas B Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India.,Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Pham VT, Seifert N, Richard N, Raederstorff D, Steinert RE, Prudence K, Mohajeri MH. The effects of fermentation products of prebiotic fibres on gut barrier and immune functions in vitro. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5288. [PMID: 30128177 PMCID: PMC6089210 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of prebiotic fibres on human health have been related to their capacities to alter the gut microbiota and modify the growth of beneficial microorganisms. It is long appreciated that bacterial metabolites affect the host’s physiology. The inner lining of the intestinal tract is the first level of interaction between the host and bacteria and their metabolites. Therefore, we set out to test the effects of five common dietary fibres (oat β-glucan 28%; oat β-glucan 94%; dried chicory root containing inulin 75%; xylo-oligosaccharide; inulin 90%) and maltodextrin, after fermentation by human gut microbiota in vitro, on measures of gut barrier integrity using a Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture as well as mucus production and immune parameters using HT29-MTX and HT29 cell models, respectively. Our data show that all fibres, fermentation products increased the tightness of the gut barrier with oat β-glucan 28% having the largest effect. Fermentation supernatants were tested also in models of the compromised gut barrier (leaky gut). After the addition of ethanol as basolateral stressor, only fermentation supernatant of oat β-glucan 28%, oat β-glucan 94% and maltodextrin improved the gut barrier integrity, while oat β-glucan 28% and dried chicory root containing inulin 75% significantly improved the gut barrier integrity after addition of rhamnolipids as apical stressor. Using the Luminex Technology, we demonstrated an important role of oat β-glucan fermentation products in modulating cytokine and chemokine productions. Furthermore, treating the goblet cells with effluent from xylo-oligosaccharide fermentation significantly increased mucus production. In summary, our data emphasize the potential positive effects of fermentation supernatant of dietary fibres on gut-related physiological outcomes and show that prebiotic fibres may have promising potential to induce specific gut health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van T Pham
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Seifert
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Richard
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Raederstorff
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert E Steinert
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Prudence
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Hasan Mohajeri
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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39
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Green R, Ireton RC, Gale M. Interferon-stimulated genes: new platforms and computational approaches. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:593-602. [PMID: 29982912 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) are the effectors of interferon (IFN) actions and play major roles in innate immune defense against microbial infection. During virus infection, ISGs impart antiviral actions to control virus replication and spread but can also contribute to disease pathology if their expression is unchecked. Antiviral ISGs have been identified by a variety of biochemical, genetic, and virologic methods. New computational approaches are expanding and redefining ISGs as responders to a variety of stimuli beyond IFNs, including virus infection, stress, and other events that induce cytokines. These studies reveal that the expression of ISG subsets link to interferon regulatory factors (IRF)s, NF-kB, and other transcription factors that impart gene expression in specific cell types independently of IFNs, including stem cells and other cell types where ISGs are constitutively expressed. Here, we provide a broad overview of ISGs, define virus-induced genes (VSG)s, and discuss the application of computational approaches and bioinformatics platforms to evaluate the functional role of ISGs in epigenetics, immune programming, and vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Green
- Department of Immunology and the Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease (CIIID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Reneé C Ireton
- Department of Immunology and the Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease (CIIID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology and the Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease (CIIID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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40
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Zhang Z, Filzmayer C, Ni Y, Sültmann H, Mutz P, Hiet MS, Vondran FWR, Bartenschlager R, Urban S. Hepatitis D virus replication is sensed by MDA5 and induces IFN-β/λ responses in hepatocytes. J Hepatol 2018. [PMID: 29524530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and D virus (HDV) co-infections cause the most severe form of viral hepatitis. HDV induces an innate immune response, but it is unknown how the host cell senses HDV and if this defense affects HDV replication. We aim to characterize interferon (IFN) activation by HDV, identify the responsible sensor and evaluate the effect of IFN on HDV replication. METHODS HDV and HBV susceptible hepatoma cell lines and primary human hepatocytes (PHH) were used for infection studies. Viral markers and cellular gene expression were analyzed at different time points after infection. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) required for HDV-mediated IFN activation and the impact on HDV replication were studied using stable knock-down or overexpression of the PRRs. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed that HDV but not HBV infection activated a broad range of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) in HepG2NTCP cells. HDV strongly activated IFN-β and IFN-λ in cell lines and PHH. HDV induced IFN levels remained unaltered upon RIG-I (DDX58) or TLR3 knock-down, but were almost completely abolished upon MDA5 (IFIH1) depletion. Conversely, overexpression of MDA5 but not RIG-I and TLR3 in HuH7.5NTCP cells partially restored ISG induction. During long-term infection, IFN levels gradually diminished in both HepG2NTCP and HepaRGNTCP cell lines. MDA5 depletion had little effect on HDV replication despite dampening HDV-induced IFN response. Moreover, treatment with type I or type III IFNs did not abolish HDV replication. CONCLUSION Active replication of HDV induces an IFN-β/λ response, which is predominantly mediated by MDA5. This IFN response and exogenous IFN treatment have only a moderate effect on HDV replication in vitro indicating the adaption of HDV replication to an IFN-activated state. LAY SUMMARY In contrast to hepatitis B virus, infection with hepatitis D virus induces a strong IFN-β/λ response in innate immune competent cell lines. MDA5 is the key sensor for the recognition of hepatitis D virus replicative intermediates. An IFN-activated state did not prevent hepatitis D virus replication in vitro, indicating that hepatitis D virus is resistant to self-induced innate immune responses and therapeutic IFN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Filzmayer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yi Ni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Sültmann
- Cancer Genome Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Mutz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie-Sophie Hiet
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery (ReMediES), Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) - Heidelberg Partner Site, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Urban
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) - Heidelberg Partner Site, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Trapecar M, Khan S, Cohn BL, Wu F, Sanjabi S. B cells are the predominant mediators of early systemic viral dissemination during rectal LCMV infection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1158-1167. [PMID: 29456247 PMCID: PMC6030459 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Determining the magnitude of local immune response during mucosal exposure to viral pathogens is critical to understanding the mechanism of viral pathogenesis. We previously showed that vaginal inoculation of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) fails to induce a robust innate immune response in the lower female reproductive tract (FRT), allowing high titer viral replication and a delay in T-cell-mediated viral control. Despite this immunological delay, LCMV replication remained confined mainly to the FRT and the draining iliac lymph node. Here, we show that rectal infection with LCMV triggers type I/III interferon responses, followed by innate immune activation and lymphocyte recruitment to the colon. In contrast to vaginal exposure, innate immunity controls LCMV replication in the colon, but virus rapidly disseminates systemically. Virus-induced inflammation promotes the recruitment of LCMV target cells to the colon followed by splenic viral dissemination by infected B cells, and to a lesser extent by CD8 T cells. These findings demonstrate major immunological differences between vaginal and rectal exposure to the same viral pathogen, highlighting unique risks associated with each of these common routes of sexual viral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Trapecar
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Shahzada Khan
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Benjamin L Cohn
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Frank Wu
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Shomyseh Sanjabi
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Nice TJ, Robinson BA, Van Winkle JA. The Role of Interferon in Persistent Viral Infection: Insights from Murine Norovirus. Trends Microbiol 2018; 26:510-524. [PMID: 29157967 PMCID: PMC5957778 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Persistent viral infections result from evasion or avoidance of sterilizing immunity, extend the timeframe of virus transmission, and can trigger disease. Prior studies in mouse models of persistent infection have suggested that ineffective adaptive immune responses are necessary for persistent viral infection. However, recent work in the murine norovirus (MNV) model of persistent infection demonstrates that innate immunity can control both early and persistent viral replication independently of adaptive immune effector functions. Interferons (IFNs) are central to the innate control of persistent MNV, apart from a role in modulating adaptive immunity. Furthermore, subtypes of IFN play distinct tissue-specific roles in innate control of persistent MNV infection. Type I IFN (IFN-α/β) controls systemic replication, and type III IFN (IFN-λ) controls MNV persistence in the intestinal epithelium. In this article, we review recent findings in the MNV model, highlighting the role of IFNs and innate immunity in clearing persistent viral infection, and discussing the broader implications of these findings for control of persistent human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Nice
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Bridget A Robinson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jacob A Van Winkle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Hu MD, Jia L, Edelblum KL. Policing the intestinal epithelial barrier: Innate immune functions of intraepithelial lymphocytes. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 6:35-46. [PMID: 29755893 PMCID: PMC5943048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will explore the contribution of IELs to mucosal innate immunity and highlight the similarities in IEL functional responses to bacteria, viruses and protozoan parasite invasion. RECENT FINDINGS IELs rapidly respond to microbial invasion by activating host defense responses, including the production of mucus and antimicrobial peptides to prevent microbes from reaching the epithelial surface. During active infection, IELs promote epithelial cytolysis, cytokine and chemokine production to limit pathogen invasion, replication and dissemination. Commensal-induced priming of IEL effector function or continuous surveillance of the epithelium may be important contributing factors to the rapidity of response. SUMMARY Impaired microbial recognition, dysregulated innate immune signaling or microbial dysbiosis may limit the protective function of IELs and increase susceptibility to disease. Further understanding of the mechanisms regulating IEL surveillance and sentinel function may provide insight into the development of more effective targeted therapies designed to reinforce the mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine D Hu
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Luo Jia
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Karen L Edelblum
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
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44
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Policing the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier: Innate Immune Functions of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Lee S, Baldridge MT. Interferon-Lambda: A Potent Regulator of Intestinal Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2017; 8:749. [PMID: 28713375 PMCID: PMC5491552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-lambda (IFN-λ) is a recently described cytokine found to be of critical importance in innate immune regulation of intestinal viruses. Endogenous IFN-λ has potent antiviral effects and has been shown to control multiple intestinal viruses and may represent a factor that contributes to human variability in response to infection. Importantly, recombinant IFN-λ has therapeutic potential against enteric viral infections, many of which lack other effective treatments. In this mini-review, we describe recent advances regarding IFN-λ-mediated regulation of enteric viruses with important clinical relevance including rotavirus, reovirus, and norovirus. We also briefly discuss IFN-λ interactions with other cytokines important in the intestine, and how IFN-λ may play a role in regulation of intestinal viruses by the commensal microbiome. Finally, we indicate currently outstanding questions regarding IFN-λ control of enteric infections that remain to be explored to enhance our understanding of this important immune molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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