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Li L, Ren J, Guo M, An Z, Duan W, Lv J, Tan Z, Yang J, Zhu Y, Yang H, Liu Y, Ma Y, Guo H. SAP130 mediates crosstalk between hepatocyte ferroptosis and M1 macrophage polarization in PFOS-induced hepatotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175612. [PMID: 39163934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant widely utilized in industrial manufacturing and daily life, leading to significant environmental accumulation and various public health issues. This study aims to characterize spliceosome-associated protein 130 (SAP130) as a key mediator of crosstalk between hepatocytes and macrophages, elucidating its role in PFOS-induced liver inflammation. The data demonstrate that PFOS exposure induces ferroptosis in mouse liver and AML12 cells. During ferroptosis, SAP130 is released from injured hepatocytes into the microenvironment, binding to macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) and activating the Mincle/Syk signaling pathway in macrophages, ultimately promoting M1 polarization and exacerbating liver injury. Treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 reduces SAP130 release, inhibits Mincle/Syk signaling activation, and mitigates inflammatory response. Furthermore, siSAP130 suppresses the activation of the Mincle signaling pathway and M1 polarization in BMDM cells. Conversely, treatment with the ferroptosis agonist Erastin enhances paracrine secretion of SAP130 and exacerbates inflammation. These findings emphasize the significance of hepatocyte-macrophage crosstalk as a critical pathway for PFOS-induced liver injury in mice while highlighting SAP130 as a pivotal regulator of ferroptosis and inflammation, thereby elucidating the potential mechanism of PFOS-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Jingyi Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Mingmei Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Ziwen An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Wenjing Duan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Junli Lv
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Tan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Huiling Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
| | - Huicai Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, PR China.
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Mun AY, Akiyama K, Wang Z, Zhang J, Kitagawa W, Kohno T, Tagashira R, Ishibashi K, Matsunaga N, Zou T, Ono M, Kuboki T. Macrophages modulate mesenchymal stem cell function via tumor necrosis factor alpha in tooth extraction model. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae085. [PMID: 39086598 PMCID: PMC11289833 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and macrophages collaboratively contribute to bone regeneration after injury. However, detailed mechanisms underlying the interaction between MSCs and inflammatory macrophages (M1) remain unclear. A macrophage-depleted tooth extraction model was generated in 5-wk-old female C57BL/6J mice using clodronate liposome (12.5 mg/kg/mouse, intraperitoneally) or saline injection (control) before maxillary first molar extraction. Mice were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 after tooth extraction (n = 4). Regenerated bone volume evaluation of tooth extraction socket (TES) and histochemical analysis of CD80+M1, CD206+M2 (anti-inflammatory macrophages), PDGFRα+MSC, and TNF-α+ cells were performed. In vitro, isolated MSCs with or without TNF-α stimulation (10 ng/mL, 24 h, n = 3) were bulk RNA-sequenced (RNA-Seq) to identify TNF-α stimulation-specific MSC transcriptomes. Day 7 micro-CT and HE staining revealed significantly lower mean bone volume (clodronate vs control: 0.01 mm3 vs 0.02 mm3, p<.0001) and mean percentage of regenerated bone area per total TES in clodronate group (41.97% vs 54.03%, p<.0001). Clodronate group showed significant reduction in mean number of CD80+, TNF-α+, PDGFRα+, and CD80+TNF-α+ cells on day 5 (306.5 vs 558.8, p<.0001; 280.5 vs 543.8, p<.0001; 365.0 vs 633.0, p<.0001, 29.0 vs 42.5, p<.0001), while these cells recovered significantly on day 7 (493.3 vs 396.0, p=.0004; 479.3 vs 384.5, p=.0008; 593.0 vs 473.0, p=.0010, 41.0 vs 32.5, p=.0003). RNA-Seq analysis showed that 15 genes (|log2FC| > 5.0, log2TPM > 5) after TNF-α stimulation were candidates for regulating MSC's immunomodulatory capacity. In vivo, Clec4e and Gbp6 are involved in inflammation and bone formation. Clec4e, Gbp6, and Cxcl10 knockdown increased osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro. Temporal reduction followed by apparent recovery of TNF-α-producing M1 macrophages and MSCs after temporal macrophage depletion suggests that TNF-α activated MSCs during TES healing. In vitro mimicking the effect of TNF-α on MSCs indicated that there are 15 candidate MSC genes for regulation of immunomodulatory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Ye Mun
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Kentaro Akiyama
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Wakana Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Teisaku Kohno
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Ryuji Tagashira
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Kei Ishibashi
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsunaga
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Tingling Zou
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ono
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takuo Kuboki
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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Ren H, Lv W, Shang Z, Li L, Shen Q, Li S, Song Z, Cheng X, Meng X, Chen R, Zhang R. Identifying functional subtypes of IgA nephropathy based on three machine learning algorithms and WGCNA. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:61. [PMID: 38395835 PMCID: PMC10893719 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common primary glomerulonephritis, which is a significant cause of renal failure. At present, the classification of IgAN is often limited to pathology, and its molecular mechanism has not been established. Therefore we aim to identify subtypes of IgAN at the molecular level and explore the heterogeneity of subtypes in terms of immune cell infiltration, functional level. METHODS Two microarray datasets (GSE116626 and GSE115857) were downloaded from GEO. Differential expression genes (DEGs) for IgAN were screened with limma. Three unsupervised clustering algorithms (hclust, PAM, and ConsensusClusterPlus) were combined to develop a single-sample subtype random forest classifier (SSRC). Functional subtypes of IgAN were defined based on functional analysis and current IgAN findings. Then the correlation between IgAN subtypes and clinical features such as eGFR and proteinuria was evaluated by using Pearson method. Subsequently, subtype heterogeneity was verified by subtype-specific modules identification based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA) and immune cell infiltration analysis based on CIBERSORT algorithm. RESULTS We identified 102 DEGs as marker genes for IgAN and three functional subtypes namely: viral-hormonal, bacterial-immune and mixed type. We screened seventeen genes specific to viral hormonal type (ATF3, JUN and FOS etc.), and seven genes specific to bacterial immune type (LIF, C19orf51 and SLPI etc.). The subtype-specific genes showed significantly high correlation with proteinuria and eGFR. The WGCNA modules were in keeping with functions of the IgAN subtypes where the MEcyan module was specific to the viral-hormonal type and the MElightgreen module was specific to the bacterial-immune type. The results of immune cell infiltration revealed subtype-specific cell heterogeneity which included significant differences in T follicular helper cells, resting NK cells between viral-hormone type and control group; significant differences in eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells and other cells between bacterial-immune type and control. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified three functional subtypes of IgAN for the first time and specific expressed genes for each subtype. Then we constructed a subtype classifier and classify IgAN patients into specific subtypes, which may be benefit for the precise treatment of IgAN patients in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Ren
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhua Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenwei Shang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Liangshuang Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Shen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Zerun Song
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangshu Cheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Meng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China.
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Kumaresan V, Ingle TM, Kilgore N, Zhang G, Hermann BP, Seshu J. Cellular and transcriptome signatures unveiled by single-cell RNA-Seq following ex vivo infection of murine splenocytes with Borrelia burgdorferi. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1296580. [PMID: 38149246 PMCID: PMC10749944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1296580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lyme disease, the most common tick-borne infectious disease in the US, is caused by a spirochetal pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb). Distinct host responses are observed in susceptible and resistant strains of inbred of mice following infection with Bb reflecting a subset of inflammatory responses observed in human Lyme disease. The advent of post-genomic methodologies and genomic data sets enables dissecting the host responses to advance therapeutic options for limiting the pathogen transmission and/or treatment of Lyme disease. Methods In this study, we used single-cell RNA-Seq analysis in conjunction with mouse genomics exploiting GFP-expressing Bb to sort GFP+ splenocytes and GFP- bystander cells to uncover novel molecular and cellular signatures that contribute to early stages of immune responses against Bb. Results These data decoded the heterogeneity of splenic neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells, B cells, and T cells in C3H/HeN mice in response to Bb infection. Increased mRNA abundance of apoptosis-related genes was observed in neutrophils and macrophages clustered from GFP+ splenocytes. Moreover, complement-mediated phagocytosis-related genes such as C1q and Ficolin were elevated in an inflammatory macrophage subset, suggesting upregulation of these genes during the interaction of macrophages with Bb-infected neutrophils. In addition, the role of DUSP1 in regulating the expression of Casp3 and pro-inflammatory cytokines Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Il1b, and Ccl5 in Bb-infected neutrophils were identified. Discussion These findings serve as a growing catalog of cell phenotypes/biomarkers among murine splenocytes that can be exploited for limiting spirochetal burden to limit the transmission of the agent of Lyme disease to humans via reservoir hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Taylor MacMackin Ingle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Nathan Kilgore
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Guoquan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Brian P. Hermann
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Janakiram Seshu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Duval KEA, Tavakkoli AD, Kheirollah A, Soderholm HE, Demidenko E, Lines JL, Croteau W, Zhang SC, Wagner RJ, Aulwes E, Noelle RJ, Hoopes PJ. Enhancement of Radiation Therapy through Blockade of the Immune Checkpoint, V-domain Ig Suppressor of T Cell Activation (VISTA), in Melanoma and Adenocarcinoma Murine Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13742. [PMID: 37762046 PMCID: PMC10530750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) has recently demonstrated promise at stimulating an enhanced immune response. The recent success of immunotherapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors, CART cells, and other immune modulators, affords new opportunities for combination with radiation. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether and to what extent blockade of VISTA, an immune checkpoint, can potentiate the tumor control ability of radiation therapy. Our study is novel in that it is the first comparison of two VISTA-blocking methods (antibody inhibition and genetic knockout) in combination with RT. VISTA was blocked either through genetic knockout (KO) or an inhibitory antibody and combined with RT in two syngeneic murine flank tumor models (B16 and MC38). Selected mRNA, immune cell infiltration, and tumor growth delay were used to assess the biological effects. When combined with a single 15Gy radiation dose, VISTA blockade via genetic knockout in the B16 model and via anti-VISTA antibodies in the MC38 model significantly improved survival compared to RT alone by an average of 5.5 days and 6.3 days, respectively (p < 0.05). The gene expression data suggest that the mechanism behind the enhanced tumor control is primarily a result of increased apoptosis and immune-mediated cytotoxicity. VISTA blockade significantly enhances the anti-tumor effect of a single dose of 15Gy radiation through increased expression and stimulation of cell-mediated apoptosis pathways. These results suggest that VISTA is a biologically relevant immune promoter that has the potential to enhance the efficacy of a large single radiation dose in a synergic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla E. A. Duval
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (K.E.A.D.); (A.D.T.); (A.K.); (H.E.S.); (S.C.Z.); (E.A.)
| | - Armin D. Tavakkoli
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (K.E.A.D.); (A.D.T.); (A.K.); (H.E.S.); (S.C.Z.); (E.A.)
| | - Alireza Kheirollah
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (K.E.A.D.); (A.D.T.); (A.K.); (H.E.S.); (S.C.Z.); (E.A.)
| | - Haille E. Soderholm
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (K.E.A.D.); (A.D.T.); (A.K.); (H.E.S.); (S.C.Z.); (E.A.)
| | - Eugene Demidenko
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - Janet L. Lines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (J.L.L.); (R.J.N.)
| | - Walburga Croteau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (J.L.L.); (R.J.N.)
| | - Samuel C. Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (K.E.A.D.); (A.D.T.); (A.K.); (H.E.S.); (S.C.Z.); (E.A.)
| | - Robert J. Wagner
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (K.E.A.D.); (A.D.T.); (A.K.); (H.E.S.); (S.C.Z.); (E.A.)
| | - Ethan Aulwes
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (K.E.A.D.); (A.D.T.); (A.K.); (H.E.S.); (S.C.Z.); (E.A.)
| | - Randolph J. Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (J.L.L.); (R.J.N.)
| | - P. Jack Hoopes
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (K.E.A.D.); (A.D.T.); (A.K.); (H.E.S.); (S.C.Z.); (E.A.)
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Spanos F, Deleidi M. Glycolipids in Parkinson's disease: beyond neuronal function. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:1558-1579. [PMID: 37219461 PMCID: PMC10476577 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolipid balance is key to normal body function, and its alteration can lead to a variety of diseases involving multiple organs and tissues. Glycolipid disturbances are also involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis and aging. Increasing evidence suggests that glycolipids affect cellular functions beyond the brain, including the peripheral immune system, intestinal barrier, and immunity. Hence, the interplay between aging, genetic predisposition, and environmental exposures could initiate systemic and local glycolipid changes that lead to inflammatory reactions and neuronal dysfunction. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the link between glycolipid metabolism and immune function and how these metabolic changes can exacerbate immunological contributions to neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on PD. Further understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control glycolipid pathways and their impact on both peripheral tissues and the brain will help unravel how glycolipids shape immune and nervous system communication and the development of novel drugs to prevent PD and promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fokion Spanos
- Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR1163Paris Cité UniversityFrance
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkChevy ChaseMDUSA
| | - Michela Deleidi
- Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR1163Paris Cité UniversityFrance
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkChevy ChaseMDUSA
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenGermany
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Chae J, Kang SH, Kim J, Choi Y, Kang SH, Choi J. Targeted and efficient delivery of rifampicin to macrophages involved in non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection via mannosylated solid lipid nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4536-4545. [PMID: 37638172 PMCID: PMC10448360 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00320e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections are representative difficult-to-cure lung diseases with high incidence. Conventional treatments have several limitations such as negative side effects and increased drug resistance due to long-term administration. To overcome these limitations, there is a growing need for more stable drug delivery systems. Among the various drug delivery platforms developed thus far, solid lipid nanoparticles can be effectively loaded with hydrophobic substances and their physicochemical properties can be easily manipulated through surface modification, which makes them highly suitable drug delivery materials. Recent studies have reported the successful development of nanoparticles capable of selectively delivering drugs by targeting lectin-like receptors overexpressed on the surface of immune cells. Among these lectin-like receptors, the mannose receptor is a promising target because it is expressed on the surface of macrophages and is involved in immune activity. This study sought to synthesize rifampicin-loaded mannose surface-modified solid lipid nanoparticles (Man-RIF SLNs). The Man-RIF SLN synthesis process was first optimized, after which the characteristics of the synthesized particles were analyzed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface modification with mannose was confirmed through FT-IR analysis. More importantly, the synthesized Man-RIF SLNs exhibited antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against Mycobacterium intracellulare, a causative agent of non-tuberculous lung disease. Therefore, this study demonstrated that mannose receptor-targeted rifampicin delivery through solid lipid nanoparticles can be effectively applied to the treatment of non-tuberculous lung disease. Moreover, Man-RIF SLNs could also be used for the targeted delivery of drugs to several types of carcinoma cells or immune cells, as well as to treat lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Chae
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
- Feynman Institute of Technology, Nanomedicine Corporation Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kang
- Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine Seoul 06973 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
- Feynman Institute of Technology, Nanomedicine Corporation Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
- Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine Seoul 06973 Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hyuk Kang
- Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine Seoul 06973 Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
- Feynman Institute of Technology, Nanomedicine Corporation Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
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Hildebrandt F, Mohammed M, Dziedziech A, Bhandage AK, Divne AM, Barrenäs F, Barragan A, Henriksson J, Ankarklev J. scDual-Seq of Toxoplasma gondii-infected mouse BMDCs reveals heterogeneity and differential infection dynamics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224591. [PMID: 37575232 PMCID: PMC10415529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells and macrophages are integral parts of the innate immune system and gatekeepers against infection. The protozoan pathogen, Toxoplasma gondii, is known to hijack host immune cells and modulate their immune response, making it a compelling model to study host-pathogen interactions. Here we utilize single cell Dual RNA-seq to parse out heterogeneous transcription of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) infected with two distinct genotypes of T. gondii parasites, over multiple time points post infection. We show that the BMDCs elicit differential responses towards T. gondii infection and that the two parasite lineages distinctly manipulate subpopulations of infected BMDCs. Co-expression networks define host and parasite genes, with implications for modulation of host immunity. Integrative analysis validates previously established immune pathways and additionally, suggests novel candidate genes involved in host-pathogen interactions. Altogether, this study provides a comprehensive resource for characterizing host-pathogen interplay at high-resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hildebrandt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mubasher Mohammed
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexis Dziedziech
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Amol K. Bhandage
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Maria Divne
- Microbial Single Cell Genomics Facility, SciLifeLab, Biomedical Center (BMC) Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Barrenäs
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Henriksson
- Laboratory of Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Center for Microbial Research, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Ankarklev
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Microbial Single Cell Genomics Facility, SciLifeLab, Biomedical Center (BMC) Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Porter D, Naseer S, Peggs D, McGurk C, Martin SAM. Deciphering the Immunostimulatory Effects of β-Glucan on a Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Macrophage-like Cell Line (RTS11) by Whole Transcriptome Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1261. [PMID: 37372441 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
β-glucans are a commonly used immunostimulant/prebiotic in many aquaculture applications for boosting the immune status in fish. However, the method of action as an immunostimulant has not been fully deciphered. To determine the immunomodulatory effects of β-glucans on the innate immune response, we stimulated the rainbow trout spleen macrophage-like cell line (RTS11) with β-1,3/1,6-glucans for 4 h. This study uses a whole transcriptomic approach to analyse the immunomodulatory properties of β-glucans. Several proinflammatory pathways were found to be enriched after stimulation, demonstrating the immunomodulatory effects of β-glucan supplementation. Several pathways relating to responses to bacteria were also found to be enriched. This study clearly demonstrates the immunomodulatory effects of the supplementation of β-glucans within an aquaculture setting and further validates the use of cell lines as predictive models to interpret the responses caused by dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Porter
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Shahmir Naseer
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - David Peggs
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation, Sjøhagen 3, 4016 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Charles McGurk
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation, Sjøhagen 3, 4016 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Samuel Allen Moore Martin
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
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10
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Holder A, Kolakowski J, Rosentreter C, Knuepfer E, Jégouzo SAF, Rosenwasser O, Harris H, Baumgaertel L, Gibson A, Werling D. Characterisation of the bovine C-type lectin receptor Mincle and potential evidence for an endogenous ligand. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1189587. [PMID: 37275870 PMCID: PMC10235688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1189587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune receptors that form complexes with secondary receptors, activating multiple signalling pathways, modulate cellular activation and play essential roles in regulating homeostasis and immunity. We have previously identified a variety of bovine C-type lectin-like receptors that possess similar functionality than their human orthologues. Mincle (CLEC4E), a heavily glycosylated monomer, is involved in the recognition of the mycobacterial component Cord factor (trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate). Here we characterise the bovine homologue of Mincle (boMincle), and demonstrate that the receptor is structurally and functionally similar to the human orthologue (huMincle), although there are some notable differences. In the absence of cross-reacting antibodies, boMincle-specific antibodies were created and used to demonstrate that, like the human receptor, boMincle is predominantly expressed by myeloid cells. BoMincle surface expression increases during the maturation of monocytes to macrophages. However, boMincle mRNA transcripts were also detected in granulocytes, B cells, and T cells. Finally, we show that boMincle binds to isolated bovine CD4+ T cells in a specific manner, indicating the potential to recognise endogenous ligands. This suggests that the receptor might also play a role in homeostasis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Holder
- Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Jeannine Kolakowski
- Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe Rosentreter
- Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Knuepfer
- Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Heather Harris
- Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Lotta Baumgaertel
- Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Gibson
- Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Werling
- Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
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11
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Kwon KW, Kang TG, Lee A, Jin SM, Lim YT, Shin SJ, Ha SJ. Protective Efficacy and Immunogenicity of Rv0351/Rv3628 Subunit Vaccine Formulated in Different Adjuvants Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e16. [PMID: 37179749 PMCID: PMC10166659 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) prevention. Previously, our group demonstrated the vaccine potential of Rv0351 and Rv3628 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection by directing Th1-biased CD4+ T cells co-expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 in the lungs. Here, we assessed immunogenicity and vaccine potential of the combined Ags (Rv0351/Rv3628) formulated in different adjuvants as subunit booster in BCG-primed mice against hypervirulent clinical Mtb strain K (Mtb K). Compared to BCG-only or subunit-only vaccine, BCG prime and subunit boost regimen exhibited significantly enhanced Th1 response. Next, we evaluated the immunogenicity to the combined Ags when formulated with four different types of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL)-based adjuvants: 1) dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), MPL, and trehalose dicorynomycolate (TDM) in liposome form (DMT), 2) MPL and Poly I:C in liposome form (MP), 3) MPL, Poly I:C, and QS21 in liposome form (MPQ), and 4) MPL and Poly I:C in squalene emulsion form (MPS). MPQ and MPS displayed greater adjuvancity in Th1 induction than DMT or MP did. Especially, BCG prime and subunit-MPS boost regimen significantly reduced the bacterial loads and pulmonary inflammation against Mtb K infection when compared to BCG-only vaccine at a chronic stage of TB disease. Collectively, our findings highlighted the importance of adjuvant components and formulation to induce the enhanced protection with an optimal Th1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Tae Gun Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 (BK21) FOUR Program, Yonsei Education & Research Center for Biosystems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ara Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 (BK21) FOUR Program, Yonsei Education & Research Center for Biosystems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seung Mo Jin
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 (BK21) FOUR Program, Yonsei Education & Research Center for Biosystems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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12
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Madel MB, Halper J, Ibáñez L, Claire L, Rouleau M, Boutin A, Mahler A, Pontier-Bres R, Ciucci T, Topi M, Hue C, Amiaud J, Iborra S, Sancho D, Heymann D, Garchon HJ, Czerucka D, Apparailly F, Duroux-Richard I, Wakkach A, Blin-Wakkach C. Specific targeting of inflammatory osteoclastogenesis by the probiotic yeast S. boulardii CNCM I-745 reduces bone loss in osteoporosis. eLife 2023; 12:82037. [PMID: 36848406 PMCID: PMC9977286 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone destruction is a hallmark of chronic inflammation, and bone-resorbing osteoclasts arising under such a condition differ from steady-state ones. However, osteoclast diversity remains poorly explored. Here, we combined transcriptomic profiling, differentiation assays and in vivo analysis in mouse to decipher specific traits for inflammatory and steady-state osteoclasts. We identified and validated the pattern-recognition receptors (PRR) Tlr2, Dectin-1, and Mincle, all involved in yeast recognition as major regulators of inflammatory osteoclasts. We showed that administration of the yeast probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (Sb) in vivo reduced bone loss in ovariectomized but not sham mice by reducing inflammatory osteoclastogenesis. This beneficial impact of Sb is mediated by the regulation of the inflammatory environment required for the generation of inflammatory osteoclasts. We also showed that Sb derivatives as well as agonists of Tlr2, Dectin-1, and Mincle specifically inhibited directly the differentiation of inflammatory but not steady-state osteoclasts in vitro. These findings demonstrate a preferential use of the PRR-associated costimulatory differentiation pathway by inflammatory osteoclasts, thus enabling their specific inhibition, which opens new therapeutic perspectives for inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Bernadette Madel
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2MNiceFrance
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d’Azur - Centre Scientifique de MonacoNice and MonacoFrance
| | - Julia Halper
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2MNiceFrance
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d’Azur - Centre Scientifique de MonacoNice and MonacoFrance
| | - Lidia Ibáñez
- Department of Pharmacy, Cardenal Herrera-CEU UniversityValenciaSpain
| | | | - Matthieu Rouleau
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2MNiceFrance
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d’Azur - Centre Scientifique de MonacoNice and MonacoFrance
| | - Antoine Boutin
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2MNiceFrance
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d’Azur - Centre Scientifique de MonacoNice and MonacoFrance
| | - Adrien Mahler
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2MNiceFrance
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d’Azur - Centre Scientifique de MonacoNice and MonacoFrance
| | - Rodolphe Pontier-Bres
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d’Azur - Centre Scientifique de MonacoNice and MonacoFrance
- Centre Scientifiquede MonacoMonaco
| | - Thomas Ciucci
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Majlinda Topi
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2MNiceFrance
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d’Azur - Centre Scientifique de MonacoNice and MonacoFrance
| | - Christophe Hue
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammationMontigny-Le-BretonneuxFrance
| | | | - Salvador Iborra
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT. School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Université de Nantes, Institut de Cancérologie de l’OuestSaint HerblainFrance
| | - Henri-Jean Garchon
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammationMontigny-Le-BretonneuxFrance
- Genetics Division, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HPBoulogne-BillancourtFrance
| | - Dorota Czerucka
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d’Azur - Centre Scientifique de MonacoNice and MonacoFrance
- Centre Scientifiquede MonacoMonaco
| | | | | | - Abdelilah Wakkach
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2MNiceFrance
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d’Azur - Centre Scientifique de MonacoNice and MonacoFrance
| | - Claudine Blin-Wakkach
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2MNiceFrance
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d’Azur - Centre Scientifique de MonacoNice and MonacoFrance
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13
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Jang J, Kim B, Jhang SY, Ahn B, Kang M, Park C, Cho ES, Kim YS, Park W, Kim H. Population differentiated copy number variation between Eurasian wild boar and domesticated pig populations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1115. [PMID: 36670113 PMCID: PMC9859782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sus scrofa is a globally distributed livestock species that still maintains two different ways of life: wild and domesticated. Herein, we detected copy number variation (CNV) of 328 animals using short read alignment on Sscrofa11.1. We compared CNV among five groups of porcine populations: Asian domesticated (AD), European domesticated (ED), Asian wild (AW), European wild (EW), and Near Eastern wild (NEW). In total, 21,673 genes were identified on 154,872 copy number variation region (CNVR). Differences in gene copy numbers between populations were measured by considering the variance-based value [Formula: see text] and the one-way ANOVA test followed by Scheffe test. As a result, 111 genes were suggested as copy number variable genes. Abnormally gained copy number on EEA1 in all populations was suggested the presence of minor CNV in the reference genome assembly, Sscrofa11.1. Copy number variable genes were related to meat quality, immune response, and reproduction traits. Hierarchical clustering of all individuals and mean pairwise [Formula: see text] in breed level were visualized genetic relationship of 328 individuals and 56 populations separately. Our findings have shown how the complex history of pig evolution appears in genome-wide CNV of various populations with different regions and lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisung Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongsang Kim
- eGnome, Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yun Jhang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- eGnome, Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongyong Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Mingue Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Cho
- Swine Science Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Young-Sin Kim
- Swine Science Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Woncheoul Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- eGnome, Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Mondal S, Tseng CJ, Tan JJY, Lin DY, Lin HY, Weng JH, Lin CH, Mong KKT. Tunable Strategy for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Sulfoglycolipids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis To Elucidate the Structure and Immunomodulatory Property Relationships. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212514. [PMID: 36349422 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We developed a versatile asymmetric strategy to synthesize different classes of sulfoglycolipids (SGLs) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The strategy features the use of asymmetrically protected trehaloses, which were acquired from the glycosylation of TMS α-glucosyl acceptors with benzylidene-protected thioglucosyl donors. The positions of the protecting groups at the donors and acceptors can be fine-tuned to obtain different protecting-group patterns, which is crucial for regioselective acylation and sulfation. In addition, a chemoenzymatic strategy was established to prepare the polymethylated fatty acid building blocks. The strategy employs inexpensive lipase as a desymmetrization agent in the preparation of the starting substrate and readily available chiral oxazolidinone as a chirality-controlling agent in the construction of the polymethylated fatty acids. A subsequent investigation on the immunomodulatory properties of each class of SGLs showed how the structures of SGLs impact the host innate immunity response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Mondal
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (Previously National Chiao Tung University), 1001, University Road, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Chieh-Jen Tseng
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (Previously National Chiao Tung University), 1001, University Road, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Janet Jia-Yin Tan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128, Academia Road Section2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Yuan Lin
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (Previously National Chiao Tung University), 1001, University Road, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Hsien-Ya Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128, Academia Road Section2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsia Weng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128, Academia Road Section2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128, Academia Road Section2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kwok-Kong Tony Mong
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (Previously National Chiao Tung University), 1001, University Road, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R. O. C
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15
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Research progress on Mincle as a multifunctional receptor. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109467. [PMID: 36436471 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage-induced C-type lectin (Mincle), a lipopolysaccharide-induced protein, is widely expressed on antigen-presenting cells. Mincle acts as a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns of pathogens such as bacteria and fungi, mainly glycolipids, which induces an acquired immune response against microbial infection. Interestingly, Mincle can also identify patterns of lipid damage-associated molecule patterns released by injured cells, such as Sin3-associated protein 130 and β-glucosylceramides, which induces sterile inflammation and ultimately accelerates the progression of stroke, obesity, hepatitis, kidney injury, autoimmune diseases and tumors by promoting tissue inflammation. This article will review the various functions of Mincle, such as mediating sterile inflammation of tissues to accelerate disease progression, initiating immune responses to fight infection and promoting tumor progression.
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16
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Xu XR, Zhang W, Wu XX, Yang HQ, Sun YT, Pu YT, Wang B, Peng W, Sun LH, Guo Q, Zhou S, Fang BJ. Analysis of mechanisms of Shenhuang Granule in treating severe COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:561-574. [PMID: 35934629 PMCID: PMC9328842 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are expected to have a worse prognosis than mild cases. Shenhuang Granule (SHG) has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for severe COVID-19 in a previous randomized clinical trial, but the active chemical constituents and underlying mechanisms of action remain unknown. The goal of this study is to explore the chemical basis and mechanisms of SHG in the treatment of severe COVID-19, using network pharmacology. METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was employed to screen chemical constituents of SHG. Putative therapeutic targets were predicted by searching traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform, SwissTargetPrediction, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The target protein-protein interaction network and enrichment analysis were performed to investigate the hub genes and presumptive mechanisms. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to verify the stability and interaction between the key chemical constituents of SHG and COVID-19 protein targets. RESULTS Forty-five chemical constituents of SHG were identified along with 131 corresponding therapeutic targets, including hub genes such as HSP90AA1, MMP9, CXCL8, PTGS2, IFNG, DNMT1, TYMS, MDM2, HDAC3 and ABCB1. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that SHG mainly acted on the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway and cAMP signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that the key constituents had a good affinity with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 protein targets. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that ginsenoside Rg4 formed a stable protein-ligand complex with helicase. CONCLUSION Multiple components of SHG regulated multiple targets to inhibit virus invasion and cytokine storm through several signaling pathways; this provides a scientific basis for clinical applications and further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-ru Xu
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin-xin Wu
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-qiang Yang
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-ting Sun
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-ting Pu
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li-hua Sun
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Quan Guo
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Bang-jiang Fang
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China,Institute of Critical Care, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China,Corresponding authors at: Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China (B.J. Fang)
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17
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Liu YW, Zhang J, Bi W, Zhou M, Li J, Xiong T, Yang N, Zhao L, Chen X, Zhou Y, He W, Yang T, Wang H, Xu L, Dai SS. Histones of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce CD11b Expression in Brain Pericytes Via Dectin-1 after Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1199-1214. [PMID: 35819574 PMCID: PMC9554061 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain pericyte is a unique and indispensable part of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and contributes to several pathological processes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which pericytes are regulated in the damaged brain are largely unknown. Here, we show that the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induces the appearance of CD11b+ pericytes after TBI. These CD11b+ pericyte subsets are characterized by increased permeability and pro-inflammatory profiles compared to CD11b- pericytes. Moreover, histones from NETs by Dectin-1 facilitate CD11b induction in brain pericytes in PKC-c-Jun dependent manner, resulting in neuroinflammation and BBB dysfunction after TBI. These data indicate that neutrophil-NET-pericyte and histone-Dectin-1-CD11b are possible mechanisms for the activation and dysfunction of pericytes. Targeting NETs formation and Dectin-1 are promising means of treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Wuyue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wanda Bi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Brigade 1 of Medical Undergraduates, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Battalion 1, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiabo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tiantian Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yuanguo Zhou
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wenhui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Teng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Lunshan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Shuang-Shuang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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18
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A mechanism of self-lipid endocytosis mediated by the receptor Mincle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120489119. [PMID: 35867828 PMCID: PMC9335232 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120489119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid endocytosis, a normal physiological process of cellular lipid uptake, often underlies the pathogenesis of some widespread diseases such as atherosclerosis, obesity, and diabetes. However, the mechanisms of lipid endocytosis are incompletely understood, and only a few such mechanisms have been discovered, limiting the available therapeutic strategies and targets in these diseases. Here we found that the receptor Mincle, previously known as a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system, plays a significant role in endocytosis. The results have revealed a fundamental pathway of lipid endocytosis, which we call Mincle-mediated endocytosis. Cellular lipid uptake (through endocytosis) is a basic physiological process. Dysregulation of this process underlies the pathogenesis of diseases such as atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. However, to date, only some mechanisms of lipid endocytosis have been discovered. Here, we show a previously unknown mechanism of lipid cargo uptake into cells mediated by the receptor Mincle. We found that the receptor Mincle, previously shown to be a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system, tightly binds a range of self-lipids. Moreover, we revealed the minimal molecular motif in lipids that is sufficient for Mincle recognition. Superresolution microscopy showed that Mincle forms vesicles in cytoplasm and colocalizes with added fluorescent lipids in endothelial cells but does not colocalize with either clathrin or caveolin-1, and the added lipids were predominantly incorporated in vesicles that expressed Mincle. Using a model of ganglioside GM3 uptake in brain vessel endothelial cells, we show that the knockout of Mincle led to a dramatic decrease in lipid endocytosis. Taken together, our results have revealed a fundamental lipid endocytosis pathway, which we call Mincle-mediated endocytosis (MiME), and indicate a prospective target for the treatment of disorders of lipid metabolism, which are rapidly increasing in prevalence.
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19
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Sharma A, Chauhan A, Chauhan P, Evans DL, Szlabick RE, Aaland MO, Mishra BB, Sharma J. Glycolipid Metabolite β-Glucosylceramide Is a Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Inducing Ligand of Mincle Released during Bacterial Infection and Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:391-400. [PMID: 35768151 PMCID: PMC9347214 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in host defense and inflammatory pathologies alike. A wide range of pathogen- and host-derived factors are known to induce NETs, yet the knowledge about specific receptor-ligand interactions in this response is limited. We previously reported that macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) regulates NET formation. In this article, we identify glycosphingolipid β-glucosylceramide (β-GlcCer) as a specific NET-inducing ligand of Mincle. We found that purified β-GlcCer induced NETs in mouse primary neutrophils in vitro and in vivo, and this effect was abrogated in Mincle deficiency. Cell-free β-GlcCer accumulated in the lungs of pneumonic mice, which correlated with pulmonary NET formation in wild-type, but not in Mincle-/-, mice infected intranasally with Klebsiella pneumoniae Although leukocyte infiltration by β-GlcCer administration in vivo did not require Mincle, NETs induced by this sphingolipid were important for bacterial clearance during Klebsiella infection. Mechanistically, β-GlcCer did not activate reactive oxygen species formation in neutrophils but required autophagy and glycolysis for NET formation, because ATG4 inhibitor NSC185058, as well as glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose, abrogated β-GlcCer-induced NETs. Forced autophagy activation by tamoxifen could overcome the inhibitory effect of glycolysis blockage on β-GlcCer-mediated NET formation, suggesting that autophagy activation is sufficient to induce NETs in response to this metabolite in the absence of glycolysis. Finally, β-GlcCer accumulated in the plasma of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and its levels correlated with the extent of systemic NET formation in these patients. Overall, our results posit β-GlcCer as a potent NET-inducing ligand of Mincle with diagnostic and therapeutic potential in inflammatory disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND; and
| | - Arun Chauhan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND; and
| | - Pooja Chauhan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND; and
| | - Dustin L Evans
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Randolph E Szlabick
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Mary O Aaland
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Bibhuti B Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND; and
| | - Jyotika Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND; and
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20
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Chen S, Jin Y, Wang S, Xing S, Wu Y, Tao Y, Ma Y, Zuo S, Liu X, Hu Y, Chen H, Luo Y, Xia F, Xie C, Yin J, Wang X, Liu Z, Zhang N, Zech Xu Z, Lu ZJ, Wang P. Cancer type classification using plasma cell-free RNAs derived from human and microbes. eLife 2022; 11:75181. [PMID: 35816095 PMCID: PMC9273212 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility of cell-free nucleic acids in monitoring cancer has been recognized by both scientists and clinicians. In addition to human transcripts, a fraction of cell-free nucleic acids in human plasma were proven to be derived from microbes and reported to have relevance to cancer. To obtain a better understanding of plasma cell-free RNAs (cfRNAs) in cancer patients, we profiled cfRNAs in ~300 plasma samples of 5 cancer types (colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, and esophageal cancer) and healthy donors (HDs) with RNA-seq. Microbe-derived cfRNAs were consistently detected by different computational methods when potential contaminations were carefully filtered. Clinically relevant signals were identified from human and microbial reads, and enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of downregulated human genes and higher prevalence torque teno viruses both suggest that a fraction of cancer patients were immunosuppressed. Our data support the diagnostic value of human and microbe-derived plasma cfRNAs for cancer detection, as an area under the ROC curve of approximately 0.9 for distinguishing cancer patients from HDs was achieved. Moreover, human and microbial cfRNAs both have cancer type specificity, and combining two types of features could distinguish tumors of five different primary locations with an average recall of 60.4%. Compared to using human features alone, adding microbial features improved the average recall by approximately 8%. In summary, this work provides evidence for the clinical relevance of human and microbe-derived plasma cfRNAs and their potential utilities in cancer detection as well as the determination of tumor sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanwen Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozhen Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchao Wu
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhuan Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchen Ma
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zuo
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuandeng Luo
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Xia
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanming Xie
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Navy Medicine, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zech Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi John Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyuan Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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21
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Zhang Q, Liu W, Wang H, Zhou H, Bulek K, Chen X, Zhang CJ, Zhao J, Zhang R, Liu C, Kang Z, Bermel RA, Dubyak G, Abbott DW, Xiao TS, Nagy LE, Li X. TH17 cells promote CNS inflammation by sensing danger signals via Mincle. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2406. [PMID: 35504893 PMCID: PMC9064974 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin receptor Mincle is known for its important role in innate immune cells in recognizing pathogen and damage associated molecular patterns. Here we report a T cell-intrinsic role for Mincle in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Genomic deletion of Mincle in T cells impairs TH17, but not TH1 cell-mediated EAE, in alignment with significantly higher expression of Mincle in TH17 cells than in TH1 cells. Mechanistically, dying cells release β-glucosylceramide during inflammation, which serves as natural ligand for Mincle. Ligand engagement induces activation of the ASC-NLRP3 inflammasome, which leads to Caspase8-dependent IL-1β production and consequentially TH17 cell proliferation via an autocrine regulatory loop. Chemical inhibition of β-glucosylceramide synthesis greatly reduces inflammatory CD4+ T cells in the central nervous system and inhibits EAE progression in mice. Taken together, this study indicates that sensing of danger signals by Mincle on TH17 cells plays a critical role in promoting CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanri Zhang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Katarzyna Bulek
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cun-Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Renliang Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Department of Research Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Caini Liu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zizhen Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Robert A Bermel
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George Dubyak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Derek W Abbott
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tsan Sam Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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22
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Yuan S, Wang C, Jiang W, Wei Y, Li Q, Song Z, Li S, Sun F, Liu Z, Wang Y, Hu W. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Gingival Immune-Mediated Inflammation in Peri-Implantitis and Periodontitis Within the Same Host Environment. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3119-3133. [PMID: 35642216 PMCID: PMC9148613 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s363538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yuan
- Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenting Jiang
- Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanming Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongtian Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ying Wang, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, No. 38, College Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 10 8280115, Email
| | - Wenjie Hu
- Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Wenjie Hu, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 10 82195374, Email
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23
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Bénard A, Podolska MJ, Czubayko F, Kutschick I, Klösch B, Jacobsen A, Naschberger E, Brunner M, Krautz C, Trufa DI, Sirbu H, Lang R, Grützmann R, Weber GF. Pleural Resident Macrophages and Pleural IRA B Cells Promote Efficient Immunity Against Pneumonia by Inducing Early Pleural Space Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:821480. [PMID: 35493510 PMCID: PMC9047739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.821480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway infection is a major cause of mortality worldwide. The identification of new mechanisms aiding in effective host immune response is therefore required. Here, we show that the specific depletion of the pleural immune cell compartment during bacterial pneumonia resulted in a reduced pulmonary immune response and increased mortality in mice. Bacterial airway infection provoked early pleural space (PS) inflammation characterized by innate response activator (IRA) B cell development and pleural large resident macrophage (LRM) necroptosis, the repopulation of LRMs being driven by cellular proliferation in situ. Necroptotic LRMs amplified PS inflammation by stimulating pleural Mincle-expressing macrophages whereas IRA B cells contributed partially to GM-CSF-induced PS inflammation. Upon pulmonary infection, the induction of PS inflammation resulted in reduced bacterial burden whereas the specific depletion of pleural resident macrophages led to increased mortality and bacterial burden and reduced pulmonary immunity. Moreover, mice in which B cells were unable to produce GM-CSF exhibited reduced CD103+ dendritic cells and reduced CD4+ T cell numbers in the draining lymph node. Altogether, our results describe a previously unrecognized mechanism of pleural space inflammation necessary for effective protection against bacterial airway infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Bénard
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Malgorzata J. Podolska
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Czubayko
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabella Kutschick
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bettina Klösch
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne Jacobsen
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Brunner
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Krautz
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denis I. Trufa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Horia Sirbu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg F. Weber
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Georg F. Weber,
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24
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Bouchery T, Volpe B, Doolan R, Coakley G, Moyat M, Esser‐von Bieren J, Wickramasinghe LC, Hibbs ML, Sotillo J, Camberis M, Le Gros G, Khan N, Williams D, Harris NL. β‐Glucan receptors on IL‐4 activated macrophages are required for hookworm larvae recognition and trapping. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:223-234. [PMID: 35156238 PMCID: PMC9314611 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of host immunity against parasitic nematodes have revealed the importance of macrophages in trapping tissue migratory larvae. Protective immune mechanisms against the rodent hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) are mediated, at least in part, by IL‐4‐activated macrophages that bind and trap larvae in the lung. However, it is still not clear how host macrophages recognize the parasite. An in vitro co‐culture system of bone marrow‐derived macrophages and Nb infective larvae was utilized to screen for the possible ligand–receptor pair involved in macrophage attack of larvae. Competitive binding assays revealed an important role for β‐glucan recognition in the process. We further identified a role for CD11b and the non‐classical pattern recognition receptor ephrin‐A2 (EphA2), but not the highly expressed β‐glucan dectin‐1 receptor, in this process of recognition. This work raises the possibility that parasitic nematodes synthesize β‐glucans and it identifies CD11b and ephrin‐A2 as important pattern recognition receptors involved in the host recognition of these evolutionary old pathogens. To our knowledge, this is the first time that EphA2 has been implicated in immune responses to a helminth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Bouchery
- Global Health Institute Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School The Alfred Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Beatrice Volpe
- Global Health Institute Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rory Doolan
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School The Alfred Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Gillian Coakley
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School The Alfred Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Mati Moyat
- Global Health Institute Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School The Alfred Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Julia Esser‐von Bieren
- Global Health Institute Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Centre Munich Munich Germany
| | - Lakshanie C Wickramasinghe
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School The Alfred Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Leukocyte Signaling Laboratory Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School The Alfred Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Cairns QLD Australia
| | - Mali Camberis
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research Wellington New Zealand
| | - Graham Le Gros
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research Wellington New Zealand
| | - Nemat Khan
- Mayne Academy of Paediatrics and Child Health The University of Queensland Herston QLD Australia
| | - David Williams
- Department of Surgery Quillen College of Medicine Center for Inflammation Infectious Disease and Immunity East Tennessee State University Johnson City TN USA
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Global Health Institute Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School The Alfred Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
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25
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Najem H, Ott M, Kassab C, Rao A, Rao G, Marisetty A, Sonabend AM, Horbinski C, Verhaak R, Shankar A, Krishnan SN, Varn FS, Arrieta VA, Gupta P, Ferguson SD, Huse JT, Fuller GN, Long JP, Winkowski DE, Freiberg BA, James CD, Platanias LC, Lesniak MS, Burks JK, Heimberger AB. Central nervous system immune interactome is function of cancer lineage, tumor microenvironment and STAT3 expression. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157612. [PMID: 35316217 PMCID: PMC9090258 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune cell profiling of primary and metastatic CNS tumors has been focused on the tumor, not the tumor microenvironment (TME), or has been analyzed via biopsies. METHODS En bloc resections of gliomas (n = 10) and lung metastases (n = 10) were analyzed via tissue segmentation and high-dimension Opal 7-color multiplex imaging. Single-cell RNA analyses were used to infer immune cell functionality. RESULTS Within gliomas, T cells were localized in the infiltrating edge and perivascular space of tumors, while residing mostly in the stroma of metastatic tumors. CD163+ macrophages were evident throughout the TME of metastatic tumors, whereas in gliomas, CD68+, CD11c+CD68+, and CD11c+CD68+CD163+ cell subtypes were commonly observed. In lung metastases, T cells interacted with CD163+ macrophages as dyads and clusters at the brain-tumor interface and within the tumor itself and as clusters within the necrotic core. In contrast, gliomas typically lacked dyad and cluster interactions, except for T cell CD68+ cell dyads within the tumor. Analysis of transcriptomic data in glioblastomas revealed that innate immune cells expressed both proinflammatory and immunosuppressive gene signatures. CONCLUSION Our results show that immunosuppressive macrophages are abundant within the TME and that the immune cell interactome between cancer lineages is distinct. Further, these data provide information for evaluating the role of different immune cell populations in brain tumor growth and therapeutic responses. FUNDING This study was supported by the NIH (NS120547), a Developmental research project award (P50CA221747), ReMission Alliance, institutional funding from Northwestern University and the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and gifts from the Mosky family and Perry McKay. Performed in the Flow Cytometry & Cellular Imaging Core Facility at MD Anderson Cancer Center, this study received support in part from the NIH (CA016672) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Research Specialist award 1 (R50 CA243707). Additional support was provided by CCSG Bioinformatics Shared Resource 5 (P30 CA046592), a gift from Agilent Technologies, a Research Scholar Grant from the American Cancer Society (RSG-16-005-01), a Precision Health Investigator Award from University of Michigan (U-M) Precision Health, the NCI (R37-CA214955), startup institutional research funds from U-M, and a Biomedical Informatics & Data Science Training Grant (T32GM141746).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinda Najem
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Martina Ott
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Cynthia Kassab
- Department of General Surgery, University of Texas Galveston, Galveston, United States of America
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Anantha Marisetty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Roel Verhaak
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, United States of America
| | - Anand Shankar
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Santhoshi N Krishnan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, United States of America
| | | | - Víctor A Arrieta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Pravesh Gupta
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Sherise D Ferguson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Jason T Huse
- Department of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Gregory N Fuller
- Department of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - James P Long
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | | | | | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Jared K Burks
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
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Geng F, Liu J, Yin C, Zhang S, Pan Y, Sun H. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induced RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis of oral epithelial cells and the further regulation in macrophage activation. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2041790. [PMID: 35251521 PMCID: PMC8890547 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2041790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis, a new type of regulated cell death with massive release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. However, the role of necroptosis in oral epithelial cells and the following effect on macrophages activation remain unknown. Human immortalized oral epithelial cells were stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell death was assessed while expressions of RIPK3/MLKL and toll-like receptors (TLRs) were evaluated. Necrosulfonamide (NSA), an inhibitor of MLKL was applied to block necroptosis. The expression of DAMPs and the epithelial connection protein were evaluated by qPCR and immunofluorescence, respectively. Immortalized human monocytes U937 were induced into the M0 or M2 subset, and influences of HIOECs-derived DAMPs on macrophage polarization as well as activation of the Mincle/SYK axis were assessed. P. gingivalis LPS could be recognized by TLR2 and regulates necroptosis of HIOECs by activating RIPK3/MLKL. NSA inhibited cell death of HIOECs, alleviated impaired epithelial connection, and inhibited expressions of DAMPs. Low dose of DAMPs derived from HIOECs promoted M2-like polarization by activating the Mincle/SYK axis, which was significantly suppressed with increased doses of DAMPs. P. gingivalis LPS destructed oral epithelial cells via RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis, which further regulated macrophage activation via DAMPs from oral epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxue Geng
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junchao Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengcheng Yin
- Center of Implant Dentistry School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, China Medical University School of Stomatology, Shenyang, China
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27
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Garcia-Vello P, Di Lorenzo F, Zucchetta D, Zamyatina A, De Castro C, Molinaro A. Lipopolysaccharide lipid A: A promising molecule for new immunity-based therapies and antibiotics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 230:107970. [PMID: 34454000 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the main components of the external leaflet of the Gram-negative outer membrane and consist of three different moieties: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-polysaccharide. The lipid A is a glucosamine disaccharide with different levels of acylation and phosphorylation, beside carrying, in certain cases, additional substituents on the sugar backbone. It is also the main immunostimulatory part of the LPS, as its recognition by the host immune system represents a fundamental event for detection of perilous microorganisms. Moreover, an uncontrolled immune response caused by a large amount of circulating LPS can lead to dramatic outcomes for human health, such as septic shock. The immunostimulant properties of an LPS incredibly vary depending on lipid A chemical structure, and for this reason, natural and synthetic variants of the lipid A are under study to develop new drugs that mimic or antagonise its natural effects. Here, we review past and recent findings on the lipid A as an antibiotic target and immune-therapeutic molecule, with a special attention on the crucial role of the chemical structure and its exploitation for conceiving novel strategies for treatment of several immune-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Garcia-Vello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniele Zucchetta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alla Zamyatina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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28
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Iliev DB, Strandskog G, Sobhkhez M, Bruun JA, Jørgensen JB. Secretome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon Head Kidney Leukocytes Highlights the Role of Phagocytes in the Immune Response to Soluble β-Glucan. Front Immunol 2021; 12:736964. [PMID: 34917074 PMCID: PMC8671040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.736964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
β‐Glucans (BG) are glucose polymers which are produced in bacteria and fungi but not in vertebrate organisms. Being recognized by phagocytic leukocytes including macrophages and neutrophils through receptors such as dectin-1 and Complement receptor 3 (CR3), the BG are perceived by the innate immune system of vertebrates as foreign substances known as Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). The yeast-derived BG has been recognized for its potent biological activity and it is used as an immunomodulator in human and veterinary medicine. The goal of the current study was to characterize the immunostimulatory activity of soluble yeast BG in primary cultures of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) in which phagocytic cell types including neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes predominate. The effect of BG on the secretome of HKL cultures, including secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and soluble protein55s was characterized through western blotting and mass spectrometry. The results demonstrate that, along with upregulation of proinflammatory genes, BG induces secretion of ubiquitinated proteins (UbP), MHCII-containing EVs from professional antigen presenting cells as well as proteins derived from granules of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN). Among the most abundant proteins identified in BG-induced EVs were beta-2 integrin subunits, including CD18 and CD11 homologs, which highlights the role of salmon granulocytes and mononuclear phagocytes in the response to soluble BG. Overall, the current work advances the knowledge about the immunostimulatory activity of yeast BG on the salmon immune system by shedding light on the effect of this PAMP on the secretome of salmon leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar B Iliev
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Gene Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology 'Roumen Tsanev', Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Guro Strandskog
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mehrdad Sobhkhez
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jack A Bruun
- Department of Medical Biology, Proteomics Platform, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jorunn B Jørgensen
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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29
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Cramer J. Medicinal chemistry of the myeloid C-type lectin receptors Mincle, Langerin, and DC-SIGN. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1985-2000. [PMID: 35024612 PMCID: PMC8672822 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In their role as pattern-recognition receptors on cells of the innate immune system, myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) assume important biological functions related to immunity, homeostasis, and cancer. As such, this family of receptors represents an appealing target for therapeutic interventions for modulating the outcome of many pathological processes, in particular related to infectious diseases. This review summarizes the current state of research into glycomimetic or drug-like small molecule ligands for the CLRs Mincle, Langerin, and DC-SIGN, which have potential therapeutic applications in vaccine research and anti-infective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cramer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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30
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The Mechanism of Leptin on Inhibiting Fibrosis and Promoting Browning of White Fat by Reducing ITGA5 in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212353. [PMID: 34830238 PMCID: PMC8618604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a small molecule protein secreted by adipocytes, which can promote white fat browning through activating the hypothalamic nervous system and inhibiting downstream signaling pathways. Moreover, white fat browning has been proven to alleviate fat tissue fibrosis. This study explores the mechanism of leptin in regulating adipose tissue fibrosis and white fat browning. After treating mice with leptin, we screened out the recombinant integrin alpha 5 (ITGA5) through proteomics sequencing, which may play a role in adipose tissue fibrosis. Through real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), western blotting (WB), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Masson’s trichrome, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, etc., the results showed that after leptin treated adipocytes, the expression of fibrosis-related genes and ITGA5 was significantly down-regulated in adipocytes. We constructed fibrosis model through transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and a high-fat diet (HFD), and treated with ITGA5 overexpression vector and interference fragments. The results indicated the expression of fibrosis-related genes were significantly down-regulated after interfering with ITGA5. After treating adipocytes with wortmannin, fibrosis-related gene expression was inhibited after overexpression of ITGA5. Moreover, after injecting mice with leptin, we also found that leptin significantly up-regulated the expression of adipose tissue browning-related genes. Overall, our research shows that leptin can inhibit the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway by reducing the expression of ITGA5, which could alleviate adipose tissue fibrosis, and further promote white fat browning. Our research provides a theoretical basis for further research on the effect of leptin in fibrosis-related adipose tissue metabolism.
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31
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The Innate Immune Response to Infection by Polyascus gregaria in the Male Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis), Revealed by Proteomic Analysis. FISHES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is a representative catadromous invertebrate of the Yangtze River and a commercial species widely cultivated in China. Both cultivated and wild crabs suffer from a variety of parasites and pathogens, which can result in catastrophic economic losses in aquaculture revenue. Polyascus gregaria, a parasitic barnacle with a highly derived morphology, is specialized in invading these crabs. This study examines the immunological mechanism in E. sinensis infected with P. gregaria. Tandem mass tags (TMT), a specialized method of mass-spectrometry, was used to analyze the infection by P. gregaria resistance at the protein level. In the hepatopancreas of infected crabs, 598 proteins differentially expressed relating to physiological change, of which, 352 were upregulated and 246 were downregulated. Based on this differential protein expression, 104 GO terms and 13 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched. Differentially expressed proteins, such as ATG, cathepsin, serpin, iron-related protein, Rab family, integrin, and lectin, are associated with the lysosome GO term and the autophagy-animal KEGG pathways, both of which likely relate to the immune response to the parasitic P. gregaria infection. These results show the benefit of taking a detailed, protein-level approach to understanding the innate immune response of aquatic invertebrates to macroparasite infection.
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32
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Willment JA. Fc-conjugated C-type lectin receptors: Tools for understanding host-pathogen interactions. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:632-660. [PMID: 34709692 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of soluble fusion proteins of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) used in the detection of exogenous and endogenous ligands has helped resolve the roles of PRRs in the innate immune response to pathogens, how they shape the adaptive immune response, and function in maintaining homeostasis. Using the immunoglobulin (Ig) crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain as a fusion partner, the PRR fusion proteins are soluble, stable, easily purified, have increased affinity due to the Fc homodimerization properties, and consequently have been used in a wide range of applications such as flow cytometry, screening of protein and glycan arrays, and immunofluorescent microscopy. This review will predominantly focus on the recognition of pathogens by the cell membrane-expressed glycan-binding proteins of the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) subgroup of PRRs. PRRs bind to conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as glycans, usually located within or on the outer surface of the pathogen. Significantly, many glycans structures are identical on both host and pathogen (e.g. the Lewis (Le) X glycan), allowing the use of Fc CLR fusion proteins with known endogenous and/or exogenous ligands as tools to identify pathogen structures that are able to interact with the immune system. Screens of highly purified pathogen-derived cell wall components have enabled identification of many unique PAMP structures recognized by CLRs. This review highlights studies using Fc CLR fusion proteins, with emphasis on the PAMPs found in fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The structure and unique features of the different CLR families is presented using examples from a broad range of microbes whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Willment
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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33
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Boom WH, Schaible UE, Achkar JM. The knowns and unknowns of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:136222. [PMID: 33529162 DOI: 10.1172/jci136222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) for thousands of years. While tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest infectious diseases, is caused by uncontrolled Mtb infection, over 90% of presumed infected individuals remain asymptomatic and contain Mtb in a latent TB infection (LTBI) without ever developing disease, and some may clear the infection. A small number of heavily Mtb-exposed individuals appear to resist developing traditional LTBI. Because Mtb has mechanisms for intracellular survival and immune evasion, successful control involves all of the arms of the immune system. Here, we focus on immune responses to Mtb in humans and nonhuman primates and discuss new concepts and outline major knowledge gaps in our understanding of LTBI, ranging from the earliest events of exposure and infection to success or failure of Mtb control.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology, and.,Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Division of Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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34
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Cindy Yang SY, Lien SC, Wang BX, Clouthier DL, Hanna Y, Cirlan I, Zhu K, Bruce JP, El Ghamrasni S, Iafolla MAJ, Oliva M, Hansen AR, Spreafico A, Bedard PL, Lheureux S, Razak A, Speers V, Berman HK, Aleshin A, Haibe-Kains B, Brooks DG, McGaha TL, Butler MO, Bratman SV, Ohashi PS, Siu LL, Pugh TJ. Pan-cancer analysis of longitudinal metastatic tumors reveals genomic alterations and immune landscape dynamics associated with pembrolizumab sensitivity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5137. [PMID: 34446728 PMCID: PMC8390680 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serial circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring is emerging as a non-invasive strategy to predict and monitor immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapeutic efficacy across cancer types. Yet, limited data exist to show the relationship between ctDNA dynamics and tumor genome and immune microenvironment in patients receiving ICB. Here, we present an in-depth analysis of clinical, whole-exome, transcriptome, and ctDNA profiles of 73 patients with advanced solid tumors, across 30 cancer types, from a phase II basket clinical trial of pembrolizumab (NCT02644369) and report changes in genomic and immune landscapes (primary outcomes). Patients stratified by ctDNA and tumor burden dynamics correspond with survival and clinical benefit. High mutation burden, high expression of immune signatures, and mutations in BRCA2 are associated with pembrolizumab molecular sensitivity, while abundant copy-number alterations and B2M loss-of-heterozygosity corresponded with resistance. Upon treatment, induction of genes expressed by T cell, B cell, and myeloid cell populations are consistent with sensitivity and resistance. We identified the upregulated expression of PLA2G2D, an immune-regulating phospholipase, as a potential biomarker of adaptive resistance to ICB. Together, these findings provide insights into the diversity of immunogenomic mechanisms that underpin pembrolizumab outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Cindy Yang
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott C Lien
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ben X Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Derek L Clouthier
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Youstina Hanna
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Iulia Cirlan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kelsey Zhu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey P Bruce
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samah El Ghamrasni
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marco A J Iafolla
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Oliva
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe L Bedard
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Albiruni Razak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Speers
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hal K Berman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David G Brooks
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lillian L Siu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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35
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Olona A, Hateley C, Muralidharan S, Wenk MR, Torta F, Behmoaras J. Sphingolipid metabolism during Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated macrophage activation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4575-4587. [PMID: 34363204 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation in response to stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) provides a paradigm for investigating energy metabolism that regulates the inflammatory response. TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory macrophage activation is characterized by increased glycolysis and altered mitochondrial metabolism, supported by selective amino acid uptake and/or usage. Fatty acid metabolism remains as a highly complex rewiring that accompanies classical macrophage activation. TLR4 activation leads to de novo synthesis of fatty acids, which flux into sphingolipids, complex lipids that form the building blocks of eukaryotic cell membranes and regulate cell function. Here, we review the importance of TLR4-mediated de novo synthesis of membrane sphingolipids in macrophages. We first highlight fatty acid metabolism during TLR4-driven macrophage immunometabolism. We then focus on the temporal dynamics of sphingolipid biosynthesis and emphasize the modulatory role of some sphingolipid species (i.e. sphingomyelins, ceramides and glycosphingolipids) on the pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution phases of LPS/TLR4 activation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Olona
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Hateley
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Markus R Wenk
- SLING, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- SLING, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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36
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Luckett-Chastain LR, King CJ, McShan WM, Gipson JR, Gillaspy AF, Gallucci RM. Loss of Interleukin-6 Influences Transcriptional Immune Signatures and Alters Bacterial Colonization in the Skin. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:658980. [PMID: 34295313 PMCID: PMC8290525 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.658980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin functions as a protective barrier to inhibit the entry of foreign pathogens, all the while hosting a diverse milieu of microorganisms. Over time, skin cells, immune cells, cytokines, and microbes interact to integrate the processes of maintaining the skin's physical and immune barrier. In the present study, the basal expression of two immunologically divergent mouse strains C57BL/6 and BALB/c, as well as a strain on the C57 background lacking IL-6, was characterized. Additionally, cutaneous antimicrobial gene expression profiles and skin bacterial microbiome were assessed between strains. Total RNA sequencing was performed on untreated C57BL/6 (control), BALB/c, and IL-6-deficient skin samples and found over 3,400 genes differentially modulated between strains. It was found that each strain modulated its own transcriptional "profile" associated with skin homeostasis and also influenced the overall bacterial colonization as indicated by the differential phyla present on each strain. Together, these data not only provide a comprehensive view of the transcriptional changes in homeostatic skin of different mouse strains but also highlight the possible influence of the strain differences (e.g., Th1/Th2 balance) as well as a role for IL-6 in overall skin immunity and resident microbial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lerin R. Luckett-Chastain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Catherine J. King
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - William M. McShan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jenny R. Gipson
- College of Medicine Core Facilities, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Allison F. Gillaspy
- College of Medicine Core Facilities, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Randle M. Gallucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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37
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Holzheimer M, Buter J, Minnaard AJ. Chemical Synthesis of Cell Wall Constituents of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9554-9643. [PMID: 34190544 PMCID: PMC8361437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
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The pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), causing
tuberculosis disease, features an extraordinary
thick cell envelope, rich in Mtb-specific lipids,
glycolipids, and glycans. These cell wall components are often directly
involved in host–pathogen interaction and recognition, intracellular
survival, and virulence. For decades, these mycobacterial natural
products have been of great interest for immunology and synthetic
chemistry alike, due to their complex molecular structure and the
biological functions arising from it. The synthesis of many of these
constituents has been achieved and aided the elucidation of their
function by utilizing the synthetic material to study Mtb immunology. This review summarizes the synthetic efforts of a quarter
century of total synthesis and highlights how the synthesis layed
the foundation for immunological studies as well as drove the field
of organic synthesis and catalysis to efficiently access these complex
natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Holzheimer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Buter
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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38
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Denstaedt SJ, Bustamante AC, Newstead MW, Moore BB, Standiford TJ, Zemans RL, Singer BH. Long-term survivors of murine sepsis are predisposed to enhanced LPS-induced lung injury and proinflammatory immune reprogramming. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L451-L465. [PMID: 34161747 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00123.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people who survive sepsis each year are rehospitalized and die due to late pulmonary complications. To prevent and treat these complications, biomarkers and molecular mediators must be identified. Persistent immune reprogramming in the form of immunoparalysis and impaired host defense is proposed to mediate late pulmonary complications after sepsis, particularly new pulmonary infections. However, immune reprogramming may also involve enhanced/primed responses to secondary stimuli, although their contribution to long-term sepsis complications remains understudied. We hypothesize that enhanced/primed immune responses in the lungs of sepsis survivors are associated with late pulmonary complications. To this end, we developed a murine sepsis model using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) followed 3 wk later by administration of intranasal lipopolysaccharide to induce inflammatory lung injury. Mice surviving sepsis exhibit enhanced lung injury with increased alveolar permeability, neutrophil recruitment, and enhanced Ly6Chi monocyte Tnf expression. To determine the mediators of enhanced lung injury, we performed flow cytometry and RNA sequencing of lungs 3 wk after CLP, prior to lipopolysaccharide. Sepsis survivor mice showed expanded Ly6Chi monocytes populations and increased expression of many inflammatory genes. Of these, S100A8/A9 was also elevated in the circulation of human sepsis survivors for months after sepsis, validating our model and identifying S100A8/A9 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for long-term pulmonary complications after sepsis. These data provide new insight into the importance of enhanced/primed immune responses in survivors of sepsis and establish a foundation for additional investigation into the mechanisms mediating this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Denstaedt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Angela C Bustamante
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael W Newstead
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theodore J Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin H Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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39
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Li J, Chen YH, Li LZ, Wang F, Song W, Alolga RN, Zhou W, Yu H, Huang FQ, Yin X. Omics and Transgenic Analyses Reveal that Salvianolic Acid B Exhibits its Anti-Inflammatory Effects through Inhibiting the Mincle-Syk-Related Pathway in Macrophages. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3734-3748. [PMID: 34080425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), the main water-soluble compound in Salvia miltiorrhiza, is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, however, the underlying mechanism(s) is not completely uncovered. In this study, Sal B inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 activation and promoted the transformation of macrophages from M1- to M2-type polarization. The altered lipid profiles of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were partly restored by Sal B treatment. At the proteomic level, a total of 5612 proteins were identified and 432 were significantly changed in macrophages under LPS treatment. The differential proteins were classified into four clusters according to their expression level in blank, LPS, and Sal B groups. LPS-induced proteins in Cluster IV including Kif14, Mincle, and Sec62 were significantly recovered to almost normal levels by Sal B treatment. Use of knockdown Mincle or picetannol (inhibitor of Syk) led to significant reductions in the gene expressions of IL-1β, iNOS, and IL-12 and the release of NO. The converse was, however, observed for overexpressed Mincle. In addition, LPS- or trehalose-6,6-dibehenate-induced phosphorylation of Syk and PKCδ was decreased by Sal B treatment. These results suggest that Sal B inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation might be through inhibition of the Mincle-Syk-PKCδ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lan-Zhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feizuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Raphael N Alolga
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heming Yu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng-Qing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
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40
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Ahmed A, Rakshit S, Adiga V, Dias M, Dwarkanath P, D'Souza G, Vyakarnam A. A century of BCG: Impact on tuberculosis control and beyond. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:98-121. [PMID: 33955564 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BCG turns 100 this year and while it might not be the perfect vaccine, it has certainly contributed significantly towards eradication and prevention of spread of tuberculosis (TB). The search for newer and better vaccines for TB is an ongoing endeavor and latest results from trials of candidate TB vaccines such as M72AS01 look promising. However, recent encouraging data from BCG revaccination trials in adults combined with studies on mucosal and intravenous routes of BCG vaccination in non-human primate models have renewed interest in BCG for TB prevention. In addition, several well-demonstrated non-specific effects of BCG, for example, prevention of viral and respiratory infections, give BCG an added advantage. Also, BCG vaccination is currently being widely tested in human clinical trials to determine whether it protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or death with detailed analyses and outcomes from several ongoing trials across the world awaited. Through this review, we attempt to bring together information on various aspects of the BCG-induced immune response, its efficacy in TB control, comparison with other candidate TB vaccines and strategies to improve its efficiency including revaccination and alternate routes of administration. Finally, we discuss the future relevance of BCG use especially in light of its several heterologous benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ahmed
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Srabanti Rakshit
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Mary Dias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | - George D'Souza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St John's Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Annapurna Vyakarnam
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
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41
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Tanaka M, Saka-Tanaka M, Ochi K, Fujieda K, Sugiura Y, Miyamoto T, Kohda H, Ito A, Miyazawa T, Matsumoto A, Aoe S, Miyamoto Y, Tsuboi N, Maruyama S, Suematsu M, Yamasaki S, Ogawa Y, Suganami T. C-type lectin Mincle mediates cell death-triggered inflammation in acute kidney injury. J Exp Med 2021; 217:152022. [PMID: 32797195 PMCID: PMC7596812 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20192230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that cell death triggers sterile inflammation and that impaired clearance of dead cells causes nonresolving inflammation; however, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we show that macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) senses renal tubular cell death to induce sustained inflammation after acute kidney injury in mice. Mincle-deficient mice were protected against tissue damage and subsequent atrophy of the kidney after ischemia–reperfusion injury. Using lipophilic extract from the injured kidney, we identified β-glucosylceramide as an endogenous Mincle ligand. Notably, free cholesterol markedly enhanced the agonistic effect of β-glucosylceramide on Mincle. Moreover, β-glucosylceramide and free cholesterol accumulated in dead renal tubules in proximity to Mincle-expressing macrophages, where Mincle was supposed to inhibit clearance of dead cells and increase proinflammatory cytokine production. This study demonstrates that β-glucosylceramide in combination with free cholesterol acts on Mincle as an endogenous ligand to induce cell death–triggered, sustained inflammation after acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Marie Saka-Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kozue Ochi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kumiko Fujieda
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiro Kohda
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taiki Miyazawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Aoe
- Department of Home Economics, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Division of Genomic Diagnosis and Healthcare, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Naotake Tsuboi
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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42
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Andreev D, Liu M, Weidner D, Kachler K, Faas M, Grüneboom A, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Muñoz LE, Steffen U, Grötsch B, Killy B, Krönke G, Luebke AM, Niemeier A, Wehrhan F, Lang R, Schett G, Bozec A. Osteocyte necrosis triggers osteoclast-mediated bone loss through macrophage-inducible C-type lectin. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4811-4830. [PMID: 32773408 DOI: 10.1172/jci134214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the control of bone-resorbing osteoclasts through osteocyte-derived RANKL is well defined, little is known about the regulation of osteoclasts by osteocyte death. Indeed, several skeletal diseases, such as bone fracture, osteonecrosis, and inflammation are characterized by excessive osteocyte death. Herein we show that osteoclasts sense damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by necrotic osteocytes via macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle), which induced their differentiation and triggered bone loss. Osteoclasts showed robust Mincle expression upon exposure to necrotic osteocytes in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequencing and metabolic analyses demonstrated that Mincle activation triggers osteoclastogenesis via ITAM-based calcium signaling pathways, skewing osteoclast metabolism toward oxidative phosphorylation. Deletion of Mincle in vivo effectively blocked the activation of osteoclasts after induction of osteocyte death, improved fracture repair, and attenuated inflammation-mediated bone loss. Furthermore, in patients with osteonecrosis, Mincle was highly expressed at skeletal sites of osteocyte death and correlated with strong osteoclastic activity. Taken together, these data point to what we believe is a novel DAMP-mediated process that allows osteoclast activation and bone loss in the context of osteocyte death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Andreev
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), and
| | - Mengdan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), and
| | - Daniela Weidner
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), and
| | - Katerina Kachler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), and
| | - Maria Faas
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), and
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), and
| | | | - Luis E Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), and
| | - Ulrike Steffen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), and
| | - Bettina Grötsch
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), and
| | - Barbara Killy
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), and
| | | | - Andreas Niemeier
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Falk Wehrhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, FAU and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), and
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), and
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43
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Rui-Zhi T, Hui D, Jian-Chun L, Xia Z, Xiao-Jia W, Dan W, Jun-Ming F, Li W. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Panax Notoginseng Formula (A&P) Combined With Bifidobacterium Contribute a Renoprotective Effect in Chronic Kidney Disease Through Inhibiting Macrophage Inflammatory Response in Kidney and Intestine. Front Physiol 2020; 11:583668. [PMID: 33329031 PMCID: PMC7729014 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.583668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) can cause intestinal dysfunction, which in turn aggravates the progression of kidney disease. Studies have shown that the immune response of macrophage plays an important role in promoting inflammation in kidney and intestine of CKD. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Panax notoginseng formula (A&P) is a widely used traditional medicine for the treatment of CKD in China, however, the underlying mechanism is largely unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of A&P and Bifidobacterium combination treatment in regulation of inflammatory response of macrophage in kidney and intestine of CKD mouse, as well as the potential molecular mechanism. We established a CKD mouse model with 5/6 nephrectomy and a macrophage inflammatory cellular model with LPS and urotoxin in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that A&P combined with Bifidobacterium significantly reduced the expression and secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and MCP-1 in kidney and blood, as well as in inflammatory macrophage. Interestingly, A&P combined with Bifidobacterium strongly improved the intestinal flora and protected the intestinal barrier. Notably, the maintainer of macrophage polarization, Mincle, was activated in kidney and intestine of CKD mouse as well as in urotoxin stimulated macrophage, that was effectively inhibited by the treatment of A&P and Bifidobacterium combination. Overexpression of Mincle by genetic modification can abolish the inhibitory effects of A&P combined with Bifidobacterium on inflammation in urotoxin stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In summary, these findings demonstrated that A&P combined with Bifidobacterium can protect kidney against CKD by down-regulating macrophage inflammatory response in kidney and intestine via suppressing Mincle signaling, which provides a new insight in the treatment of CKD with traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Rui-Zhi
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Diao Hui
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Jian-Chun
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhong Xia
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wang Xiao-Jia
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wen Dan
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fan Jun-Ming
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Li
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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44
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Limited Role of Mincle in the Host Defense against Infection with Cryptococcus deneoformans. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00400-20. [PMID: 32868343 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00400-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus deneoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that frequently causes fatal meningoencephalitis in patients with impaired cell-mediated immune responses such as AIDS. Caspase-associated recruitment domain 9 (CARD9) plays a critical role in the host defense against cryptococcal infection, suggesting the involvement of one or more C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). In the present study, we analyzed the role of macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle), one of the CLRs, in the host defense against C. deneoformans infection. Mincle expression in the lungs of wild-type (WT) mice was increased in the early stage of cryptococcal infection in a CARD9-dependent manner. In Mincle gene-disrupted (Mincle KO) mice, the clearance of this fungus, pathological findings, Th1/Th2 response, and antimicrobial peptide production in the infected lungs were nearly comparable to those in WT mice. However, the production of interleukin-22 (IL-22), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6 and the expression of AhR were significantly decreased in the lungs of Mincle KO mice compared to those of WT mice. In in vitro experiments, TNF-α production by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells was significantly decreased in Mincle KO mice. In addition, the disrupted lysates of C. deneoformans, but not those of whole yeast cells, activated Mincle-triggered signaling in an assay with a nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter cells expressing this receptor. These results suggest that Mincle may be involved in the production of Th22-related cytokines at the early stage of cryptococcal infection, although its role may be limited in the host defense against infection with C. deneoformans.
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Padron JG, Saito Reis CA, Kendal-Wright CE. The Role of Danger Associated Molecular Patterns in Human Fetal Membrane Weakening. Front Physiol 2020; 11:602. [PMID: 32625109 PMCID: PMC7311766 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea that cellular stress (including that precipitated by stretch), plays a significant role in the mechanisms initiating parturition, has gained considerable traction over the last decade. One key consequence of this cellular stress is the increased production of Danger Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). This diverse family of molecules are known to initiate inflammation through their interaction with Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) including, Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs are the key innate immune system surveillance receptors that detect Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) during bacterial and viral infection. This is also seen during Chorioamnionitis. The activation of TLR commonly results in the activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor Nuclear Factor Kappa-B (NF-kB) and the downstream production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is thought that in the human fetal membranes both DAMPs and PAMPs are able, perhaps via their interaction with PRRs and the induction of their downstream inflammatory cascades, to lead to both tissue remodeling and weakening. Due to the high incidence of infection-driven Pre-Term Birth (PTB), including those that have preterm Premature Rupture of the Membranes (pPROM), the role of TLR in fetal membranes with Chorioamnionitis has been the subject of considerable study. Most of the work in this field has focused on the effect of PAMPs on whole pieces of fetal membrane and the resultant inflammatory cascade. This is important to understand, in order to develop novel prevention, detection, and therapeutic approaches, which aim to reduce the high number of mothers suffering from infection driven PTB, including those with pPROM. Studying the role of sterile inflammation driven by these endogenous ligands (DAMPs) activating PRRs system in the mesenchymal and epithelial cells in the amnion is important. These cells are key for the maintenance of the integrity and strength of the human fetal membranes. This review aims to (1) summarize the knowledge to date pertinent to the role of DAMPs and PRRs in fetal membrane weakening and (2) discuss the clinical potential brought by a better understanding of these pathways by pathway manipulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G Padron
- Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Chelsea A Saito Reis
- Natural Science and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Claire E Kendal-Wright
- Natural Science and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, HI, United States.,Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Hui D, Rui-Zhi T, Jian-Chun L, Xia Z, Dan W, Jun-Ming F, Li W. Astragalus propinquus Schischkin and Panax notoginseng (A&P) compound relieved cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through inhibiting the mincle maintained macrophage inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 252:112637. [PMID: 32004631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common disease in hospitalized patients, especially in critically ill patients. It is characterised with high morbidity and mortality, and is also an important cause of chronic kidney disease and chronic renal failure. Astragalus propinquus Schischkin and Panax notoginseng (A&P) compound, a famous traditional Chinese medicine, consists of Astragalus propinquus Schischkin, Panax notoginseng, Angelica sinensis, Achyranthes bidentata, and Ecklonia kurome, has been widely used for the treatment of various kidney diseases in the southwest of China. However, the effects of A&P on treatment of AKI and its underlying mechanism are needed to be uncovered. AIM OF THE STUDY Recent researches reported that Mincle (Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin) plays a key role in renal injury of AKI by regulating the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines on macrophage through modulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Here, we aimed to investigate the renoprotective effect of A&P on AKI and whether by inhibiting Mincle. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage (BMDM) inflammatory cell model and a cisplatin-induced mouse AKI model in vitro and in vivo. Renal histopathology staining was performed to observe kidney morphology. The expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines were detected by real-time PCR and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels and Flow cytometry performed to detect polarization of macrophage. RESULTS The results showed that A&P significantly reduced the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα and MCP-1 in LPS-stimulated BMDM cells, and secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 in supernatant. The same results were found in Cisplatin-induced AKI kidney and serum after treatment with A&P. The data also showed that A&P strongly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of Mincle in vitro and vivo, and also inhibited the activation of Syk and NF-κB. Notably, A&P down-regulated the M1 macrophage marker iNOS, which may relate to the inhibition of Mincle. Interestingly, both overexpression of Mincle by transfection of pcDNA3.1-Mincle plasmid and administration of TDB (a ligand of Mincle) can significantly abolished the A&P-inhibited inflammation in BMDM, suggesting Mincle pathway play a key role in macrophage inflammation in AKI. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that A&P protected kidney from inhibiting inflammation through down-regulating of Mincle pathway in macrophage in AKI. It provides a potential medicine compound for the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diao Hui
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China; Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tan Rui-Zhi
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Jian-Chun
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhong Xia
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Dan
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China; Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Jun-Ming
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China; Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wang Li
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Kodar K, McConnell MJ, Harper JL, Timmer MSM, Stocker BL. The coadministration of trehalose dibehenate and monosodium urate crystals promotes an antitumor phenotype in human‐derived myeloid cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:411-422. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Kodar
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - Melanie J McConnell
- Centre for Biodiscovery Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - Jacquie L Harper
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - Mattie SM Timmer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - Bridget L Stocker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
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Drouin M, Saenz J, Chiffoleau E. C-Type Lectin-Like Receptors: Head or Tail in Cell Death Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:251. [PMID: 32133013 PMCID: PMC7040094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs) represent a family of transmembrane pattern recognition receptors, expressed primarily by myeloid cells. They recognize not only pathogen moieties for host defense, but also modified self-antigens such as damage-associated molecular patterns released from dead cells. Upon ligation, CLR signaling leads to the production of inflammatory mediators to shape amplitude, duration and outcome of the immune response. Thus, following excessive injury, dysregulation of these receptors leads to the development of inflammatory diseases. Herein, we will focus on four CLRs of the "Dectin family," shown to decode the immunogenicity of cell death. CLEC9A on dendritic cells links F-actin exposed by dying cells to favor cross-presentation of dead-cell associated antigens to CD8+ T cells. Nevertheless, CLEC9A exerts also feedback mechanisms to temper neutrophil recruitment and prevent additional tissue damage. MINCLE expressed by macrophages binds nuclear SAP130 released by necrotic cells to potentiate pro-inflammatory responses. However, the consequent inflammation can exacerbate pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Moreover, in a tumor microenvironment, MINCLE induces macrophage-induced immune suppression and cancer progression. Similarly, triggering of LOX-1 by oxidized LDL, amplifies pro-inflammatory response but promotes tumor immune escape and metastasis. Finally, CLEC12A that recognizes monosodium urate crystals formed during cell death, inhibits activating signals to prevent detrimental inflammation. Interestingly, CLEC12A also sustains type-I IFN response to finely tune immune responses in case of viral-induced collateral damage. Therefore, CLRs acting in concert as sensors of injury, could be used in a targeted way to treat numerous diseases such as allergies, obesity, tumors, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Drouin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, France
| | - Javier Saenz
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Elise Chiffoleau
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
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C-Type Lectin Receptors in Antifungal Immunity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1204:1-30. [PMID: 32152941 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1580-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most fungal species are harmless to humans and some exist as commensals on mucocutaneous surfaces. Yet many fungi are opportunistic pathogens, causing life-threatening invasive infections when the immune system becomes compromised. The fungal cell wall contains conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which allow the immune system to distinguish between self (endogenous molecular patterns) and foreign material. Sensing of invasive microbial pathogens is achieved through recognition of PAMPs by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). One of the predominant fungal-sensing PRRs is the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) family. These receptors bind to structures present on the fungal cell wall, eliciting various innate immune responses as well as shaping adaptive immunity. In this chapter, we specifically focus on the four major human fungal pathogens, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans and Pneumocystis jirovecii, reviewing our current understanding of the CLRs that are involved in their recognition and protection of the host.
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Höft MA, Hoving JC, Brown GD. Signaling C-Type Lectin Receptors in Antifungal Immunity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2020; 429:63-101. [PMID: 32936383 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We are all exposed to fungal organisms daily, and although many of these organisms are not harmful, billions of people a year contract a fungal infection. Most of these infections are not fatal and can be cleared by the host immune response. However, due to an increase in high-risk populations, the global fungal burden has increased, with more than 1.5 million deaths per year caused by invasive fungal infections. The fungal cell wall is an important surface for interacting with the host immune system as it contains pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) which are detected as being foreign by the host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). C-type lectin receptors are a group of PRRs that play a central role in the protection against invasive fungal infections. Following the recognition of fungal PAMPs, CLRs trigger various innate and adaptive immune responses. In this chapter, we specifically focus on C-type lectin receptors capable of activating downstream signaling pathways, resulting in protective antifungal immune responses. The current roles that these signaling CLRs play in protection against four of the most prevalent fungal infections affecting humans are reviewed. These include Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans and Pneumocystis jirovecii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine A Höft
- AFGrica Medical Mycology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) at the University of Cape Town, Werner & Beit South Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Claire Hoving
- AFGrica Medical Mycology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) at the University of Cape Town, Werner & Beit South Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, EX4 4QD, Exeter, UK.
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