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Kaistha BP, Kar G, Dannhorn A, Watkins A, Opoku-Ansah G, Ilieva K, Mullins S, Anderton J, Galvani E, Garcon F, Lapointe JM, Brown L, Hair J, Slidel T, Luheshi N, Ryan K, Hardaker E, Dovedi S, Kumar R, Wilkinson RW, Hammond SA, Eyles J. Efficacy and pharmacodynamic effect of anti-CD73 and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies in combination with cytotoxic therapy: observations from mouse tumor models. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2296048. [PMID: 38206570 PMCID: PMC10793677 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2296048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CD73 is a cell surface 5'nucleotidase (NT5E) and key node in the catabolic process generating immunosuppressive adenosine in cancer. Using a murine monoclonal antibody surrogate of Oleclumab, we investigated the effect of CD73 inhibition in concert with cytotoxic therapies (chemotherapies as well as fractionated radiotherapy) and PD-L1 blockade. Our results highlight improved survival in syngeneic tumor models of colorectal cancer (CT26 and MC38) and sarcoma (MCA205). This therapeutic outcome was in part driven by cytotoxic CD8 T-cells, as evidenced by the detrimental effect of CD8 depleting antibody treatment of MCA205 tumor bearing mice treated with anti-CD73, anti-PD-L1 and 5-Fluorouracil+Oxaliplatin (5FU+OHP). We hypothesize that the improved responses are tumor microenvironment (TME)-driven, as suggested by the lack of anti-CD73 enhanced cytopathic effects mediated by 5FU+OHP on cell lines in vitro. Pharmacodynamic analysis, using imaging mass cytometry and RNA-sequencing, revealed noteworthy changes in specific cell populations like cytotoxic T cells, B cells and NK cells in the CT26 TME. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted treatment-related modulation of gene profiles associated with an immune response, NK and T-cell activation, T cell receptor signaling and interferon (types 1 & 2) pathways. Inclusion of comparator groups representing the various components of the combination allowed deconvolution of contribution of the individual therapeutic elements; highlighting specific effects mediated by the anti-CD73 antibody with respect to immune-cell representation, chemotaxis and myeloid biology. These pre-clinical data reflect complementarity of adenosine blockade with cytotoxic therapy, and T-cell checkpoint inhibition, and provides new mechanistic insights in support of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gozde Kar
- Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Kristina Ilieva
- Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Immunooncology, MorphoSys AG, Planegg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Mullins
- Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Translational Science, F-Star, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Lee Brown
- Imaging Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Hair
- Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Slidel
- Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Kelli Ryan
- Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Jim Eyles
- Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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Olsson O, Søkilde R, Tesfaye F, Karlson S, Skogmar S, Jansson M, Björkman P. Plasma Ribonuclease Activity in Antiretroviral Treatment-Naive People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis Disease. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:403-410. [PMID: 38526179 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of ribonucleases in tuberculosis among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) is unknown. We explored ribonuclease activity in plasma from PWH with and without tuberculosis. METHODS Participants were identified from a cohort of treatment-naive PWH in Ethiopia who had been classified for tuberculosis disease (HIV positive [HIV+]/tuberculosis positive [tuberculosis+] or HIV+/tuberculosis negative [tuberculosis-]). Ribonuclease activity in plasma was investigated by quantification of synthetic spike-in RNAs using sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction and by a specific ribonuclease activity assay. Quantification of ribonuclease 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and T2 proteins was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ribonuclease activity and protein concentrations were correlated with markers of tuberculosis and HIV disease severity and with concentrations of inflammatory mediators. RESULTS Ribonuclease activity was significantly higher in plasma of HIV+/tuberculosis+ (n = 51) compared with HIV+/tuberculosis- (n = 78), causing reduced stability of synthetic spike-in RNAs. Concentrations of ribonucleases 2, 3, and T2 were also significantly increased in HIV+/tuberculosis+ compared with HIV+/tuberculosis-. Ribonuclease activity was correlated with HIV viral load, and inversely correlated with CD4 cell count, mid-upper arm circumference, and body mass index. Moreover, ribonuclease activity was correlated with concentrations of interleukin 27, procalcitonin and the kynurenine-tryptophan ratio. CONCLUSIONS PWH with tuberculosis disease have elevated plasma ribonuclease activity, which is also associated with HIV disease severity and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Olsson
- Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö/Lund, Sweden
| | - Rolf Søkilde
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fregenet Tesfaye
- Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sara Karlson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sten Skogmar
- Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö/Lund, Sweden
| | - Marianne Jansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Björkman
- Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö/Lund, Sweden
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He Y, Li P, Zhou X, Ali S, Zhu J, Ma Y, Li J, Zhang N, Li H, Li Y, Nie Y. A ribonuclease T2 protein FocRnt2 contributes to the virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13502. [PMID: 39118198 PMCID: PMC11310096 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Banana Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4), is a major disease of banana plants worldwide. Effector proteins play critical roles in banana-Foc TR4 interaction. Our previous studies highlighted a ribonuclease protein belonging to the T2 family (named as FocRnt2) in the Foc TR4 secretome, which was predicted to be an effector. However, its biological function in Foc TR4 infection is still unclear. Herein, we observed significant expression of FocRnt2 during the early stage of fungal infection in planta. A yeast signal sequence trap assay showed that FocRnt2 contained a functional signal peptide for secretion. FocRnt2 possessed ribonuclease activity that could degrade the banana total RNA in vitro. Subcellular localization showed that FocRnt2 was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Transient expression of FocRnt2 suppressed the expression of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-signalling marker genes, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and BAX-mediated cell death in N. benthamiana. FocRnt2 deletion limited fungal penetration, reduced fusaric acid biosynthesis in Foc TR4, and attenuated fungal virulence against banana plants, but had little effect on Foc TR4 growth and sensitivity to various stresses. Furthermore, FocRnt2 deletion mutants induced higher expression of the defence-related genes in banana plants. These results suggest that FocRnt2 plays an important role in full virulence of Foc TR4, further improving our understanding of effector-mediated Foc TR4 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu He
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro‐Products SafetyAnhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Pengfei Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoshu Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yini Ma
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jieling Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huaping Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yanfang Nie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Lodge-Tulloch NA, Paré JF, Couture C, Bernier E, Cotechini T, Girard S, Graham CH. Maternal Innate Immune Reprogramming After Complicated Pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 92:e13908. [PMID: 39119763 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) are often associated with maternal inflammation and an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in the affected mothers. The mechanism responsible for this increased risk of subsequent disease may involve reprogramming of innate immune cells, characterized by epigenetic modifications. METHOD OF STUDY Circulating monocytes from women with PE, FGR, or uncomplicated pregnancies (control) were isolated before labor. Cytokine release from monocytes following exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the presence of lysine 4-trimethylated histone 3 (H3K4me3) within TNF promoter sequences were evaluated. Single-cell transcriptomic profiles of circulating monocytes from women with PE or uncomplicated pregnancies were assessed. RESULTS Monocytes from women with PE or FGR exhibited increased IL-10 secretion and decreased IL-1β and GM-CSF secretion in response to LPS. While TNFα secretion was not significantly different in cultures of control monocytes versus those from complicated pregnancies with or without LPS exposure, monocytes from complicated pregnancies had significantly decreased levels of H3K4me3 associated with TNF promoter sequences. Cluster quantification and pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed an increased proportion of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells and a lower proportion of inflammatory non-classical monocytes among the circulating monocyte population in women with PE. CONCLUSIONS Monocytes from women with PE and FGR exhibit an immune tolerance phenotype before initiation of labor. Further investigation is required to determine whether this tolerogenic phenotype persists after the affected pregnancy and contributes to increased risk of subsequent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-François Paré
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Camille Couture
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elsa Bernier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tiziana Cotechini
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvie Girard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles H Graham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Boix E, Li J. Ancestral ribonucleases back in motion for evolutionary-dynamics guided protein design. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:660-662. [PMID: 38880687 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The dynamics behavior of a protein is essential for its functionality. Here, Doucet et al. demonstrate how the evolutionary analysis of conformational pathways within a protein family serves to identify common core scaffolds that accommodate branch-specific functional regions controlled by flexibility switches, offering a model for evolutionary-dynamics based protein design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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Lin G, Liu X. Key extracellular proteins and TF-miRNA co-regulatory network in diabetic foot ulcer: Bioinformatics and experimental insights. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307205. [PMID: 39037979 PMCID: PMC11262672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), a serious complication of diabetes, are associated with abnormal extracellular protein (EP) metabolism. The identification of key EPs and their regulatory networks is crucial for the understanding of DFU formation and development of effective treatments. In this study, a large-scale bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify potential therapeutic targets and experimental validation was performed to ensure the reliability and biological relevance of the findings. METHODS Due to the comprehensive profiling of DFU samples provided by the GSE80178 dataset, we initially selected it to derive differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with DFU. Subsequently, utilizing the UniProt database and annotated EP list from the Human Protein Atlas annotation database, we screened for extracellular protein-related differentially expressed genes (EP-DEGs) due to their crucial role in the pathogenesis and healing of DFU. We examined EP-DEG pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction networks, analyzed paired full-thickness skin tissue samples from 24 patients with DFUs and healthy controls, and performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments to validate candidate genes. Ultimately, we constructed a transcription factor (TF)-microRNA (miRNA)-hub gene co-regulatory network to explore upstream and downstream regulatory connections based on validated DEGs. RESULTS Four crucial candidate genes (FMOD, LUM, VCAN, and S100A12) were identified and verified via PCR analysis. The TF-miRNA-hub EP-DEG regulatory network contained the pivotal TFs TRIM28 and STAT3 and the miRNAs hsa-mir-20a-5p, hsa-miR-21, and hsa-miR-203. CONCLUSION The findings of this study advance our understanding of the pathology of DFU by defining key roles of specific EPs and elucidating a comprehensive regulatory network. These insights pave the way for novel approaches to improve DFU treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopaedic, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ximing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopaedic, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Lemdani K, Marlin R, Mayet C, Perkov V, Pascal Q, Ripoll M, Relouzat F, Dhooge N, Bossevot L, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Dargazanli G, Thibaut-Duprey K, Haensler J, Chapon C, Prost C, Le Grand R. Distinct dynamics of mRNA LNPs in mice and nonhuman primates revealed by in vivo imaging. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:113. [PMID: 38902327 PMCID: PMC11189915 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The characterization of vaccine distribution to relevant tissues after in vivo administration is critical to understanding their mechanisms of action. Vaccines based on mRNA lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are now being widely considered against infectious diseases and cancer. Here, we used in vivo imaging approaches to compare the trafficking of two LNP formulations encapsulating mRNA following intramuscular administration: DLin-MC3-DMA (MC3) and the recently developed DOG-IM4. The mRNA formulated in DOG-IM4 LNPs persisted at the injection site, whereas mRNA formulated in MC3 LNPs rapidly migrated to the draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, MC3 LNPs induced the fastest increase in blood neutrophil counts after injection and greater inflammation, as shown by IL-1RA, IL-15, CCL-1, and IL-6 concentrations in nonhuman primate sera. These observations highlight the influence of the nature of the LNP on mRNA vaccine distribution and early immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Lemdani
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Sanofi, Marcy-L'étoile, France
| | - Romain Marlin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Céline Mayet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Quentin Pascal
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Francis Relouzat
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nina Dhooge
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laetitia Bossevot
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | | | | | - Catherine Chapon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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8
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Cortado H, Kercsmar M, Li B, Vasquez-Martinez G, Gupta S, Ching C, Ballash G, Cotzomi-Ortega I, Sanchez-Zamora YI, Boix E, Zepeda-Orozco D, Jackson AR, Spencer JD, Ruiz-Rosado JDD, Becknell B. Murine Ribonuclease 6 Limits Bacterial Dissemination during Experimental Urinary Tract Infection. J Innate Immun 2024; 16:283-294. [PMID: 38744252 PMCID: PMC11250601 DOI: 10.1159/000539177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ribonuclease (RNase) A superfamily encodes cationic antimicrobial proteins with potent microbicidal activity toward uropathogenic bacteria. Ribonuclease 6 (RNase6) is an evolutionarily conserved, leukocyte-derived antimicrobial peptide with potent microbicidal activity toward uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the most common cause of bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs). In this study, we generated Rnase6-deficient mice to investigate the hypothesis that endogenous RNase 6 limits host susceptibility to UTI. METHODS We generated a Rnase6EGFP knock-in allele to identify cellular sources of Rnase6 and determine the consequences of homozygous Rnase6 deletion on antimicrobial activity and UTI susceptibility. RESULTS We identified monocytes and macrophages as the primary cellular sources of Rnase6 in bladders and kidneys of Rnase6EGFP/+ mice. Rnase6 deficiency (i.e., Rnase6EGFP/EGFP) resulted in increased upper urinary tract UPEC burden during experimental UTI, compared to Rnase6+/+ controls. UPEC displayed increased intracellular survival in Rnase6-deficient macrophages. CONCLUSION Our findings establish that RNase6 prevents pyelonephritis by promoting intracellular UPEC killing in monocytes and macrophages and reinforce the overarching contributions of endogenous antimicrobial RNase A proteins to host UTI defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Cortado
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Macie Kercsmar
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Birong Li
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gabriela Vasquez-Martinez
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sudipti Gupta
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christina Ching
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gregory Ballash
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Israel Cotzomi-Ortega
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuriko I. Sanchez-Zamora
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Zepeda-Orozco
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashley R. Jackson
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John David Spencer
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Juan de Dios Ruiz-Rosado
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian Becknell
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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Tran TTQ, Narayanan C, Loes AN, Click TH, Pham NTH, Létourneau M, Harms MJ, Calmettes C, Agarwal PK, Doucet N. Ancestral sequence reconstruction dissects structural and functional differences among eosinophil ribonucleases. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107280. [PMID: 38588810 PMCID: PMC11101842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved structural folds can give rise to diverse biological functions, yet predicting atomic-scale interactions that contribute to the emergence of novel activities within such folds remains challenging. Pancreatic-type ribonucleases illustrate this complexity, sharing a core structure that has evolved to accommodate varied functions. In this study, we used ancestral sequence reconstruction to probe evolutionary and molecular determinants that distinguish biological activities within eosinophil members of the RNase 2/3 subfamily. Our investigation unveils functional, structural, and dynamical behaviors that differentiate the evolved ancestral ribonuclease (AncRNase) from its contemporary eosinophil RNase orthologs. Leveraging the potential of ancestral reconstruction for protein engineering, we used AncRNase predictions to design a minimal 4-residue variant that transforms human RNase 2 into a chimeric enzyme endowed with the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of RNase 3 members. This work provides unique insights into mutational and evolutionary pathways governing structure, function, and conformational states within the eosinophil RNase subfamily, offering potential for targeted modulation of RNase-associated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thanh Quynh Tran
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chitra Narayanan
- Department of Chemistry, York College, City University of New York (CUNY), Jamaica, New York, USA
| | - Andrea N Loes
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Timothy H Click
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mary, Bismarck, North Dakota, USA
| | - N T Hang Pham
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myriam Létourneau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael J Harms
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Charles Calmettes
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada; PROTEO, The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, UQAM, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pratul K Agarwal
- Department of Physiological Sciences and High-Performance Computing Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada; PROTEO, The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, UQAM, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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10
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Wang F, Zhao D, Xu WY, Liu Y, Sun H, Lu S, Ji Y, Jiang J, Chen Y, He Q, Gong C, Liu R, Su Z, Dong Y, Yan Z, Liu L. Blood leukocytes as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2024; 22:147. [PMID: 38561764 PMCID: PMC10986011 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid nodule (TN) patients in China are subject to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The implementation of existing technologies such as thyroid ultrasonography has indeed contributed to the improved diagnostic accuracy of TNs. However, a significant issue persists, where many patients undergo unnecessary biopsies, and patients with malignant thyroid nodules (MTNs) are advised to undergo surgery therapy. METHODS This study included a total of 293 patients diagnosed with TNs. Differential methylation haplotype blocks (MHBs) in blood leukocytes between MTNs and benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) were detected using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). Subsequently, an artificial intelligence blood leukocyte DNA methylation (BLDM) model was designed to optimize the management and treatment of patients with TNs for more effective outcomes. RESULTS The DNA methylation profiles of peripheral blood leukocytes exhibited distinctions between MTNs and BTNs. The BLDM model we developed for diagnosing TNs achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.858 in the validation cohort and 0.863 in the independent test cohort. Its specificity reached 90.91% and 88.68% in the validation and independent test cohorts, respectively, outperforming the specificity of ultrasonography (43.64% in the validation cohort and 47.17% in the independent test cohort), albeit with a slightly lower sensitivity (83.33% in the validation cohort and 82.86% in the independent test cohort) compared to ultrasonography (97.62% in the validation cohort and 100.00% in the independent test cohort). The BLDM model could correctly identify 89.83% patients whose nodules were suspected malignant by ultrasonography but finally histological benign. In micronodules, the model displayed higher specificity (93.33% in the validation cohort and 92.00% in the independent test cohort) and accuracy (88.24% in the validation cohort and 87.50% in the independent test cohort) for diagnosing TNs. This performance surpassed the specificity and accuracy observed with ultrasonography. A TN diagnostic and treatment framework that prioritizes patients is provided, with fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy performed only on patients with indications of MTNs in both BLDM and ultrasonography results, thus avoiding unnecessary biopsies. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate the potential of non-invasive blood leukocytes in diagnosing TNs, thereby making TN diagnosis and treatment more efficient in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihang Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wang-Yang Xu
- Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yiying Liu
- Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huiyi Sun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiye He
- Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | | | - Rui Liu
- Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhixi Su
- Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Zhiping Yan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Lingxiao Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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11
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Häfner SJ. A tale of Science - The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023. Biomed J 2024; 47:100716. [PMID: 38490530 PMCID: PMC10982558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Julia Häfner
- University of Copenhagen, Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, Lund Group, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Anguita R, Prats-Ejarque G, Moussaoui M, Becknell B, Boix E. A Common Polymorphism in RNASE6 Impacts Its Antimicrobial Activity toward Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:604. [PMID: 38203775 PMCID: PMC10779065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Ribonuclease (RNase) 6 is a monocyte and macrophage-derived protein with potent antimicrobial activity toward uropathogenic bacteria. The RNASE6 gene is heterogeneous in humans due to the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). RNASE6 rs1045922 is the most common non-synonymous SNP, resulting in a G to A substitution that determines an arginine (R) to glutamine (Q) transversion at position 66 in the protein sequence. By structural analysis we observed that R66Q substitution significantly reduces the positive electrostatic charge at the protein surface. Here, we generated both recombinant RNase 6-R66 and -Q66 protein variants and determined their antimicrobial activity toward uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the most common cause of UTI. We found that the R66 variant, encoded by the major SNP rs1045922 allele, exhibited superior bactericidal activity in comparison to the Q66 variant. The higher bactericidal activity of R66 variant correlated with an increase in the protein lipopolysaccharide binding and bacterial agglutination abilities, while retaining the same enzymatic efficiency. These findings encourage further work to evaluate RNASE6 SNP distribution and its impact in UTI susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Anguita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (R.A.); (G.P.-E.); (M.M.)
| | - Guillem Prats-Ejarque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (R.A.); (G.P.-E.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohammed Moussaoui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (R.A.); (G.P.-E.); (M.M.)
| | - Brian Becknell
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (R.A.); (G.P.-E.); (M.M.)
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13
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Daniels DE, Portelli IV, Au SKW, DeWitte-Orr SJ. Production, Isolation, and Detection of Poly IC in Extracellular Vesicles from U937 Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2813:235-244. [PMID: 38888782 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3890-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA is produced by viruses during their replicative cycle. It is a potent immune modulator and indicator of viral infection within the body. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound particles released from cells homeostatically. Recent studies have shown that a commercially available dsRNA, poly inosinic: poly cytidylic acid (poly IC), can be detected within EVs. This finding opens the door for studying EVs as (1) carriers for dsRNA and (2) indicators of viral infection. To study dsRNA-containing EVs, we must have reliable methods for producing, isolating, and detecting them. This chapter uses U937, a pro-monocytic, human myeloid leukemia cell line, as the EV producer following poly IC treatment, and an immunoblot using an anti-dsRNA antibody (J2) for detection. Two methods for isolating the EVs and two methods for isolating the RNA from these EVs are described. Together, these methods effectively produce, isolate, and detect long dsRNA from EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iliana V Portelli
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah K W Au
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie J DeWitte-Orr
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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14
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Siraj S, Yameen D, Bhati S, Athar T, Khan S, Bhattacharya J, Islam A, Haque MM. Sugar osmolyte inhibits and attenuates the fibrillogenesis in RNase A: An in vitro and in silico characterizations. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127378. [PMID: 37839601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of protein aggregation are of immense interest in therapeutic biology and neurodegenerative medicine. Biochemical processes within the living cell occur in a highly crowded environment. The phenomenon of macromolecular crowding affects the diffusional and conformational dynamics of proteins and modulates their folding. Macromolecular crowding is reported to cause protein aggregation in some cases, so it is a cause of concern as it leads to a plethora of neurodegenerative disorders and systemic amyloidosis. To divulge the mechanism of aggregation, it is imperative to study aggregation in well-characterized model proteins in the presence of macromolecular crowder. One such protein is ribonuclease A (RNase A), which deciphers neurotoxic function in humans; therefore we decided to explore the amyloid fibrillogenesis of this thermodynamically stable protein. To elucidate the impact of crowder, dextran-70 and its monomer glucose on the aggregation profile of RNase-A various techniques such as Absorbance, Fluorescence, Fourier Transforms Infrared, Dynamic Light Scattering and circular Dichroism spectroscopies along with imaging techniques like Atomic Force Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy were employed. Thermal aggregation and fibrillation were further promoted by dextran-70 while glucose counteracted the effect of the crowding agent in a concentration-dependent manner. This study shows that glucose provides stability to the protein and prevents fibrillation. Intending to combat aggregation, which is the hallmark of numerous late-onset neurological disorders and systemic amyloidosis, this investigation unveils that naturally occurring osmolytes or other co-solutes can be further exploited in novel drug design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seerat Siraj
- Molecular Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Daraksha Yameen
- Molecular Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivani Bhati
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Teeba Athar
- Molecular Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Salman Khan
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mohammad Mahfuzul Haque
- Molecular Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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15
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Akiyama Y, Ivanov P. tRNA-derived RNAs: Biogenesis and roles in translational control. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1805. [PMID: 37406666 PMCID: PMC10766869 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived RNAs (tDRs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in different aspects of gene expression. These ubiquitous and heterogenous RNAs, which vary across different species and cell types, are proposed to regulate various biological processes. In this review, we will discuss aspects of their biogenesis, and specifically, their contribution into translational control. We will summarize diverse roles of tDRs and the molecular mechanisms underlying their functions in the regulation of protein synthesis and their impact on related events such as stress-induced translational reprogramming. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Biogenesis of Effector Small RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutoshi Akiyama
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Pavel Ivanov
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Chai P, Lebedenko CG, Flynn RA. RNA Crossing Membranes: Systems and Mechanisms Contextualizing Extracellular RNA and Cell Surface GlycoRNAs. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2023; 24:85-107. [PMID: 37068783 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-101722-101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The subcellular localization of a biopolymer often informs its function. RNA is traditionally confined to the cytosolic and nuclear spaces, where it plays critical and conserved roles across nearly all biochemical processes. Our recent observation of cell surface glycoRNAs may further explain the extracellular role of RNA. While cellular membranes are efficient gatekeepers of charged polymers such as RNAs, a large body of research has demonstrated the accumulation of specific RNA species outside of the cell, termed extracellular RNAs (exRNAs). Across various species and forms of life, protein pores have evolved to transport RNA across membranes, thus providing a mechanistic path for exRNAs to achieve their extracellular topology. Here, we review types of exRNAs and the pores capable of RNA transport to provide a logical and testable path toward understanding the biogenesis and regulation of cell surface glycoRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Chai
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charlotta G Lebedenko
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan A Flynn
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Naito R, Ohmura K, Higuchi S, Nakai W, Kohyama M, Mimori T, Morinobu A, Arase H. Positive and negative regulation of the Fcγ receptor-stimulating activity of RNA-containing immune complexes by RNase. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167799. [PMID: 37432743 PMCID: PMC10543717 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The U1RNP complex, Ro/SSA, and La/SSB are major RNA-containing autoantigens. Immune complexes (ICs) composed of RNA-containing autoantigens and autoantibodies are suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis of some systemic autoimmune diseases. Therefore, RNase treatment, which degrades RNA in ICs, has been tested in clinical trials as a potential therapeutic agent. However, no studies to our knowledge have specifically evaluated the effect of RNase treatment on the Fcγ receptor-stimulating (FcγR-stimulating) activity of RNA-containing ICs. In this study, using a reporter system that specifically detects FcγR-stimulating capacity, we investigated the effect of RNase treatment on the FcγR-stimulating activity of RNA-containing ICs composed of autoantigens and autoantibodies from patients with systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. We found that RNase enhanced the FcγR-stimulating activity of Ro/SSA- and La/SSB-containing ICs, but attenuated that of the U1RNP complex-containing ICs. RNase decreased autoantibody binding to the U1RNP complex, but increased autoantibody binding to Ro/SSA and La/SSB. Our results suggest that RNase enhances FcγR activation by promoting the formation of ICs containing Ro/SSA or La/SSB. Our study provides insights into the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases involving anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB autoantibodies, and into the therapeutic application of RNase treatment for systemic autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Naito
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuhei Higuchi
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakai
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Kohyama
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), and
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Morinobu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), and
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Dai K, Xu Y, Yang Y, Shen J, Liu X, Tu X, Yu L, Qi X, Li J, Wang L, Zuo X, Liu Y, Yan H, Fan C, Yao G. Edge Length-Programmed Single-Stranded RNA Origami for Predictive Innate Immune Activation and Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17112-17124. [PMID: 37498993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Ligands targeting nucleic acid-sensing receptors activate the innate immune system and play a critical role in antiviral and antitumoral therapy. However, ligand design for in situ stability, targeted delivery, and predictive immunogenicity is largely hampered by the sophisticated mechanism of the nucleic acid-sensing process. Here, we utilize single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) origami with precise structural designability as nucleic acid sensor-based ligands to achieve improved biostability, organelle-level targeting, and predictive immunogenicity. The natural ssRNAs self-fold into compact nanoparticles with defined shapes and morphologies and exhibit resistance against RNase digestion in vitro and prolonged retention in macrophage endolysosomes. We find that programming the edge length of ssRNA origami can precisely regulate the degree of macrophage activation via a toll-like receptor-dependent pathway. Further, we demonstrate that the ssRNA origami-based ligand elicits an anti-tumoral immune response of macrophages and neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment and retards tumor growth in the mouse pancreatic tumor model. Our ssRNA origami strategy utilizes structured RNA ligands to achieve predictive immune activation, providing a new solution for nucleic acid sensor-based ligand design and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Molecular Sciences and Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoguo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinyi Tu
- School of Molecular Sciences and Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Lu Yu
- School of Molecular Sciences and Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Xiaodong Qi
- School of Molecular Sciences and Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Jiang Li
- Institute of Materiobiology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Institute of Materiobiology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acids Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hao Yan
- School of Molecular Sciences and Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guangbao Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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19
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Munro J, Gillen SL, Mitchell L, Laing S, Karim SA, Rink CJ, Waldron JA, Bushell M. Optimisation of Sample Preparation from Primary Mouse Tissue to Maintain RNA Integrity for Methods Examining Translational Control. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3985. [PMID: 37568801 PMCID: PMC10417042 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein output of different mRNAs can vary by two orders of magnitude; therefore, it is critical to understand the processes that control gene expression operating at the level of translation. Translatome-wide techniques, such as polysome profiling and ribosome profiling, are key methods for determining the translation rates occurring on specific mRNAs. These techniques are now widely used in cell lines; however, they are underutilised in tissues and cancer models. Ribonuclease (RNase) expression is often found to be higher in complex primary tissues in comparison to cell lines. Methods used to preserve RNA during lysis often use denaturing conditions, which need to be avoided when maintaining the interaction and position of the ribosome with the mRNA is required. Here, we detail the cell lysis conditions that produce high-quality RNA from several different tissues covering a range of endogenous RNase expression levels. We highlight the importance of RNA integrity for accurate determination of the global translation status of the cell as determined by polysome gradients and discuss key aspects to optimise for accurate assessment of the translatome from primary mouse tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Munro
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sarah L. Gillen
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Louise Mitchell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sarah Laing
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Saadia A. Karim
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Curtis J. Rink
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Joseph A. Waldron
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Martin Bushell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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20
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Ribonuclease inhibitor 1 (RNH1) deficiency cause congenital cataracts and global developmental delay with infection-induced psychomotor regression and anemia. Eur J Hum Genet 2023:10.1038/s41431-023-01327-7. [PMID: 36935417 PMCID: PMC10400601 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonuclease inhibitor 1, also known as angiogenin inhibitor 1, encoded by RNH1, is a ubiquitously expressed leucine-rich repeat protein, which is highly conserved in mammalian species. Inactivation of rnh1 in mice causes an embryonically lethal anemia, but the exact biological function of RNH1 in humans remains unknown and no human genetic disease has so far been associated with RNH1. Here, we describe a family with two out of seven siblings affected by a disease characterized by congenital cataract, global developmental delay, myopathy and psychomotor deterioration, seizures and periodic anemia associated with upper respiratory tract infections. A homozygous splice-site variant (c.615-2A > C) in RNH1 segregated with the disease. Sequencing of RNA derived from patient fibroblasts and cDNA analysis of skeletal muscle mRNA showed aberrant splicing with skipping of exon 7. Western blot analysis revealed a total lack of the RNH1 protein. Functional analysis revealed that patient fibroblasts were more sensitive to RNase A exposure, and this phenotype was reversed by transduction with a lentivirus expressing RNH1 to complement patient cells. Our results demonstrate that loss-of-function of RNH1 in humans is associated with a multiorgan developmental disease with recessive inheritance. It may be speculated that the infection-induced deterioration resulted from an increased susceptibility toward extracellular RNases and/or other inflammatory responses normally kept in place by the RNase inhibitor RNH1.
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21
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Wang Z, Ma W, Fu X, Qi Y, Zhao Y, Zhang S. Development and applications of mRNA treatment based on lipid nanoparticles. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108130. [PMID: 36933868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapies such as messenger RNA have the potential to revolutionize modern medicine and enhance the performance of existing pharmaceuticals. The key challenges of mRNA-based therapies are delivering the mRNA safely and effectively to the target tissues and cells and controlling its release from the delivery vehicle. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been widely studied as drug carriers and are considered to be state-of-the-art technology for nucleic acid delivery. In this review, we begin by presenting the advantages and mechanisms of action of mRNA therapeutics. Then we discuss the design of LNP platforms based on ionizable lipids and the applications of mRNA-LNP vaccines for prevention of infectious diseases and for treatment of cancer and various genetic diseases. Finally, we describe the challenges and future prospects of mRNA-LNP therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Wanting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xingxing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
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22
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Bernard DN, Narayanan C, Hempel T, Bafna K, Bhojane PP, Létourneau M, Howell EE, Agarwal PK, Doucet N. Conformational exchange divergence along the evolutionary pathway of eosinophil-associated ribonucleases. Structure 2023; 31:329-342.e4. [PMID: 36649708 PMCID: PMC9992247 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary role of conformational exchange in the emergence and preservation of function within structural homologs remains elusive. While protein engineering has revealed the importance of flexibility in function, productive modulation of atomic-scale dynamics has only been achieved on a finite number of distinct folds. Allosteric control of unique members within dynamically diverse structural families requires a better appreciation of exchange phenomena. Here, we examined the functional and structural role of conformational exchange within eosinophil-associated ribonucleases. Biological and catalytic activity of various EARs was performed in parallel to mapping their conformational behavior on multiple timescales using NMR and computational analyses. Despite functional conservation and conformational seclusion to a specific domain, we show that EARs can display similar or distinct motional profiles, implying divergence rather than conservation of flexibility. Comparing progressively more distant enzymes should unravel how this subfamily has evolved new functions and/or altered their behavior at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Bernard
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Chitra Narayanan
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Department of Chemistry, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, NJ 07305, USA
| | - Tim Hempel
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 12, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Khushboo Bafna
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Purva Prashant Bhojane
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Myriam Létourneau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth E Howell
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Pratul K Agarwal
- Department of Physiological Sciences and High-Performance Computing Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; PROTEO, the Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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23
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Shi H, Pan M, Jia E, Lu W, Zhou Y, Sheng Y, Zhao X, Cai L, Ge Q. A comprehensive characterization of cell-free RNA in spent blastocyst medium and quality prediction for blastocyst. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:129-0. [PMID: 36597876 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The rate of pregnancy can be affected by many factors in assisted reproductive technology (ART), and one of which is the quality of embryos. Therefore, selecting the embryos with high potential is crucial for the outcome. Fifteen spent blastocyst medium (SBM) samples were collected from 14 patients who received in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), seven from high-grade embryos and eight from low-grade embryos. Cell-free RNA (cf-RNA) profile of SBM samples were analyzed by RNA sequencing in the present study. It was found that a large amount of cf-RNA were released into SBM, including protein-coding genes (68.9%) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) (17.26%). Furthermore, a high correlation was observed between blastocyst genes and SBM genes. And the cf-mRNAs of SBM were highly fragmented, and coding sequence (CDS) and untranslated (UTR) regions were released equally. Two hundred and thirty-two differentially expressed genes were identified in high-grade SBM (hSBM) and low-grade SBM (lSBM), which could be potential biomarker in distinguishing the embryos with different quality as an alternative or supplementary approach for subjective morphology criteria. Hence, cf-RNAs sequencing revealed the characterization of circulating transcriptomes of embryos with different quality. Based on the results, the genes related to blastocyst quality were screened, including the genes closely related to translation, immune-signaling pathway, and amino acid metabolism. Overall, the present study showed the types of SBM cf-RNAs, and the integrated analysis of cf-RNAs profiling with morphology grading displayed its potential in predicting blastocyst quality. The present study provided valuable scientific basis for noninvasive embryo selection in ART by RNA-profiling analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Pan
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Erteng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingbo Cai
- Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
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24
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Lee KM, Lin SJ, Wu CJ, Kuo RL. Race with virus evolution: The development and application of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Biomed J 2023; 46:70-80. [PMID: 36642222 PMCID: PMC9837160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 pandemic was declared, vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been urgently developed around the world. On the basis of the mRNA vaccine technology developed previously, COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were promptly tested in animals, advanced to clinical trials, and then authorized for emergency use in humans. The administration of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines has successfully reduced the hospitalization and mortality caused by the viral infection, although the virus continuously evolves with its transmission. Therefore, the development of mRNA vaccine technology, including RNA modification and delivery systems, is well recognized for its contribution to moderating the harms caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The scientists who developed these technologies, Katalin Karikó, Drew Weissman, and Pieter Cullis, were awarded the 2022 Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science. In this review, we summarize the principles, safety and efficacy of as well as the immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Since mRNA vaccine approaches could be practical for the prevention of infectious diseases, we also briefly describe mRNA vaccines against other human viral pathogens in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ming Lee
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,International Master Degree Program for Molecular Medicine in Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Syh-Jae Lin
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jung Wu
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rei-Lin Kuo
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; International Master Degree Program for Molecular Medicine in Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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25
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Kliesch L, Delandre S, Gabelmann A, Koch M, Schulze K, Guzmán CA, Loretz B, Lehr CM. Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery to Dendritic Cells: Impact of Lipid Composition on Performance in Different Media. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122675. [PMID: 36559170 PMCID: PMC9782540 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To combine the excellent transfection properties of lipids with the high stability of polymeric nanoparticles, we designed a hybrid system with a polymeric core surrounded by a shell of different lipids. The aim is to use this technology for skin vaccination purposes where the transfection of dendritic cells is crucial. Based on a carrier made of PLGA and the positively charged lipid DOTMA, we prepared a panel of nanocarriers with increasing amounts of the zwitterionic phospholipid DOPE in the lipid layer to improve their cell tolerability. We selected a nomenclature accordingly with numbers in brackets to represent the used mol% of DOPE and DOTMA in the lipid layer, respectively. We loaded mRNA onto the surface and assessed the mRNA binding efficacy and the degree of protection against RNases. We investigated the influence of the lipid composition on the toxicity, uptake and transfection in the dendritic cell line DC 2.4 challenging the formulations with different medium supplements like fetal calf serum (FCS) and salts. After selecting the most promising candidate, we performed an immune stimulation assay with primary mouse derived dendritic cells. The experiments showed that all tested lipid-polymer nanoparticles (LPNs) have comparable hydrodynamic parameters with sizes between 200 and 250 nm and are able to bind mRNA electrostatically due to their positive zetapotential (20-40 mV for most formulations). The more of DOPE we add, the more free mRNA we find and the better the cellular uptake reaching approx. 100% for LPN(60/40)-LPN(90/10). This applies for all tested formulations leading to LPN(70/30) with the best performance, in terms of 67% of live cells with protein expression. In that case, the supplements of the medium did not influence the transfection efficacy (56% vs. 67% (suppl. medium) for live cells and 63% vs. 71% in total population). We finally confirmed this finding using mouse derived primary immune cells. We can conclude that a certain amount of DOTMA in the lipid coating of the polymer core is essential for complexation of the mRNA, but the zwitterionic phospholipid DOPE is also important for the particles' performance in supplemented media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Kliesch
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Simon Delandre
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Aljoscha Gabelmann
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM-Leibniz-Institut für Neue Materialien, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kai Schulze
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carlos A. Guzmán
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-681-98806-1030
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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26
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Biener-Ramanujan E, Rosier F, Coetzee SG, McGovern DDP, Hazelett D, Targan SR, Gonsky R. Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of RNASET2 in Crohn's disease: Disease-risk polymorphism modulates allelic-imbalance in expression and circulating protein levels and recombinant-RNASET2 attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Front Immunol 2022; 13:999155. [PMID: 36466822 PMCID: PMC9709281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonuclease T2 gene (RNASET2) variants are associated in genome wide association studies (GWAS) with risk for several autoimmune diseases, including Crohn's disease (CD). In T cells, a functional and biological relationship exists between TNFSF15-mediated enhancement of IFN-γ production, mucosal inflammation and RNASET2. Disease risk variants are associated with decreased mRNA expression and clinical characteristics of severe CD; however, functional classifications of variants and underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to pathogenesis remain largely unknown. In this study we demonstrate that allelic imbalance of RNASET2 disease risk variant rs2149092 is associated with transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating transcription factor binding, promoter-transactivation and allele-specific expression. RNASET2 mRNA expression decreases in response to multiple modes of T cell activation and recovers following elimination of activator. In CD patients with severe disease necessitating surgical intervention, preoperative circulating RNASET2 protein levels were decreased compared to non-IBD subjects and rebounded post-operatively following removal of the inflamed region, with levels associated with allelic carriage. Furthermore, overexpression or treatment with recombinant RNASET2 significantly reduced IFN-γ secretion. These findings reveal that RNASET2 cis- and trans-acting variation contributed regulatory complexity and determined expression and provide a basis for linking genetic variation with CD pathobiology. These data may ultimately identify RNASET2 as an effective therapeutic target in a subset of CD patients with severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Biener-Ramanujan
- Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Florian Rosier
- Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Simon G. Coetzee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars−Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dermot D. P. McGovern
- Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dennis Hazelett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars−Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephan R. Targan
- Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rivkah Gonsky
- Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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27
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Katanski CD, Alshammary H, Watkins CP, Huang S, Gonzales-Reiche A, Sordillo EM, van Bakel H, Lolans K, Simon V, Pan T. tRNA abundance, modification and fragmentation in nasopharyngeal swabs as biomarkers for COVID-19 severity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:999351. [PMID: 36393870 PMCID: PMC9664364 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.999351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging respiratory viruses can spread rapidly and cause pandemics as demonstrated by the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The early human immune responses to respiratory viruses are in the nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal regions. Defining biomarkers of disease trajectory at the time of a positive diagnostic test would be an important tool to facilitate decisions such as initiation of antiviral treatment. We hypothesize that nasopharyngeal tRNA profiles could be used to predict Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) severity. We carried out multiplex small RNA sequencing (MSR-seq) on residual nasopharyngeal swabs to measure simultaneously full-length tRNA abundance, tRNA modifications, and tRNA fragmentation for the human tRNA response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We identified distinct tRNA signatures associated with mild symptoms versus severe COVID-19 manifestations requiring hospitalization. These results highlight the utility of host tRNA properties as biomarkers for the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Katanski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hala Alshammary
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christopher P. Watkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sihao Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ana Gonzales-Reiche
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emilia Mia Sordillo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Karen Lolans
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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28
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Li YC, Yamaguchi H, Liu YY, Hsu KC, Sun TH, Sun PC, Hung MC. Structural insights into EphA4 unconventional activation from prediction of the EphA4 and its complex with ribonuclease 1. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4865-4878. [PMID: 36381327 PMCID: PMC9641407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that several ribonuclease (RNase) A superfamily proteins serve as ligands of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), representing a new concept for ligand/receptor interaction. Moreover, recent studies indicate high clinical values for this type of ligand/RTK interactions. However, there is no structural report for this new family of ligand/receptor. In an attempt to understand how RNase and RTK may interact, we focused on the RNase1/ephrin type-A receptor 4 (EphA4) complex and predicted their structure by using the state-of-the-art machine learning method, AlphaFold and its derivative method, AF2Complex. In this model, electrostatic force plays an essential role for the specific ligand/receptor interaction. We found the R39 of RNase1 is the key residue for EphA4-binding and activation. Mutation on this residue causes disruption of an essential basic patch, resulting in weaker ligand-receptor association and leading to the loss of activation. By comparing the surface charge distribution of the RNase A superfamily, we found the positively charged residues on the RNase1 surface is more accessible for EphA4 forming salt bridges than other RNases. Furthermore, RNase1 binds to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of EphA4, which is responsible for the traditional ligand ephrin-binding. Our model reveals the location of RNase1 on EphA4 partially overlaps with that of ephrin-A5, a traditional ligand of EphA4, suggesting steric hindrance as the basis by which the ephrin-A5 precludes interactions of RNase1 with EphA4. Together, our discovery of RNase1/EphA4 interface provides a potential treatment strategy by blocking the RNase1-EphA4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chuan Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Liu
- Department of Public Health, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of EducationChanghua, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Medical Diagnosis, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Sun
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Medical Diagnosis, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Sun
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
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29
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Abstract
The ribonuclease A (RNase A) family is one of the best-characterized vertebrate-specific proteins. In humans, eight catalytically active RNases (numbered 1–8) have been identified and have unique tissue distributions. Apart from the digestion of dietary RNA, a broad range of biological actions, including the regulation of intra- or extra-cellular RNA metabolism as well as antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal activities, neurotoxicity, promotion of cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and immunomodulatory abilities, have been recently reported for the members of this family. Based on multiple biological roles, RNases are found to participate in the pathogenic processes of many diseases, such as infection, immune dysfunction, neurodegeneration, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. This review summarizes the available data on the human RNase A family and illustrates the significant roles of the eight canonical RNases in health and disease, for stimulating further basic research and development of ideas on the potential solutions for disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desen Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, China,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Chenjie Han
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China,Undergraduate Program in Public Health, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jinghao Sheng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China,Corresponding author
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30
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Kim J, Jozic A, Lin Y, Eygeris Y, Bloom E, Tan X, Acosta C, MacDonald KD, Welsher KD, Sahay G. Engineering Lipid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Intracellular Delivery of mRNA through Inhalation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14792-14806. [PMID: 36038136 PMCID: PMC9939008 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite lipid nanoparticles' (LNPs) success in the effective and safe delivery of mRNA vaccines, an inhalation-based mRNA therapy for lung diseases remains challenging. LNPs tend to disintegrate due to shear stress during aerosolization, leading to ineffective delivery. Therefore, LNPs need to remain stable through the process of nebulization and mucus penetration, yet labile enough for endosomal escape. To meet these opposing needs, we utilized PEG lipid to enhance the surficial stability of LNPs with the inclusion of a cholesterol analog, β-sitosterol, to improve endosomal escape. Increased PEG concentrations in LNPs enhanced the shear resistance and mucus penetration, while β-sitosterol provided LNPs with a polyhedral shape, facilitating endosomal escape. The optimized LNPs exhibited a uniform particle distribution, a polyhedral morphology, and a rapid mucosal diffusion with enhanced gene transfection. Inhaled LNPs led to localized protein production in the mouse lung without pulmonary or systemic toxicity. Repeated administration of these LNPs led to sustained protein production in the lungs. Lastly, mRNA encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) was delivered after nebulization to a CFTR-deficient animal model, resulting in the pulmonary expression of this therapeutic protein. This study demonstrated the rational design approach for clinical translation of inhalable LNP-based mRNA therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Antony Jozic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Yulia Eygeris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Elissa Bloom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Xiaochen Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Christopher Acosta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Kelvin D. MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kevin D. Welsher
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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31
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Skolnick J, Zhou H. Implications of the Essential Role of Small Molecule Ligand Binding Pockets in Protein-Protein Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6853-6867. [PMID: 36044742 PMCID: PMC9484464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and protein-metabolite interactions play a key role in many biochemical processes, yet they are often viewed as being independent. However, the fact that small molecule drugs have been successful in inhibiting PPIs suggests a deeper relationship between protein pockets that bind small molecules and PPIs. We demonstrate that 2/3 of PPI interfaces, including antibody-epitope interfaces, contain at least one significant small molecule ligand binding pocket. In a representative library of 50 distinct protein-protein interactions involving hundreds of mutations, >75% of hot spot residues overlap with small molecule ligand binding pockets. Hence, ligand binding pockets play an essential role in PPIs. In representative cases, evolutionary unrelated monomers that are involved in different multimeric interactions yet share the same pocket are predicted to bind the same metabolites/drugs; these results are confirmed by examples in the PDB. Thus, the binding of a metabolite can shift the equilibrium between monomers and multimers. This implicit coupling of PPI equilibria, termed "metabolic entanglement", was successfully employed to suggest novel functional relationships among protein multimers that do not directly interact. Thus, the current work provides an approach to unify metabolomics and protein interactomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Skolnick
- Center for the Study of Systems
Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- Center for the Study of Systems
Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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32
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Fernández-Millán P, Vázquez-Monteagudo S, Boix E, Prats-Ejarque G. Exploring the RNase A scaffold to combine catalytic and antimicrobial activities. Structural characterization of RNase 3/1 chimeras. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:964717. [PMID: 36188223 PMCID: PMC9515509 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.964717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Design of novel antibiotics to fight antimicrobial resistance is one of the first global health priorities. Novel protein-based strategies come out as alternative therapies. Based on the structure-function knowledge of the RNase A superfamily we have engineered a chimera that combines RNase 1 highest catalytic activity with RNase 3 unique antipathogen properties. A first construct (RNase 3/1-v1) was successfully designed with a catalytic activity 40-fold higher than RNase 3, but alas in detriment of its anti-pathogenic activity. Next, two new versions of the original chimeric protein were created showing improvement in the antimicrobial activity. Both second generation versions (RNases 3/1-v2 and -v3) incorporated a loop characteristic of RNase 3 (L7), associated to antimicrobial activity. Last, removal of an RNase 1 flexible loop (L1) in the third version enhanced its antimicrobial properties and catalytic efficiency. Here we solved the 3D structures of the three chimeras at atomic resolution by X-ray crystallography. Structural analysis outlined the key functional regions. Prediction by molecular docking of the protein chimera in complex with dinucleotides highlighted the contribution of the C-terminal region to shape the substrate binding cavity and determine the base selectivity and catalytic efficiency. Nonetheless, the structures that incorporated the key features related to RNase 3 antimicrobial activity retained the overall RNase 1 active site conformation together with the essential structural elements for binding to the human ribonuclease inhibitor (RNHI), ensuring non-cytotoxicity. Results will guide us in the design of the best RNase pharmacophore for anti-infective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ester Boix
- *Correspondence: Ester Boix, ; Guillem Prats-Ejarque,
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33
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Laoharawee K, Johnson MJ, Lahr WS, Sipe CJ, Kleinboehl E, Peterson JJ, Lonetree CL, Bell JB, Slipek NJ, Crane AT, Webber BR, Moriarity BS. A Pan-RNase Inhibitor Enabling CRISPR-mRNA Platforms for Engineering of Primary Human Monocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9749. [PMID: 36077152 PMCID: PMC9456164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and their downstream effectors are critical components of the innate immune system. Monocytes are equipped with chemokine receptors, allowing them to migrate to various tissues, where they can differentiate into macrophage and dendritic cell subsets and participate in tissue homeostasis, infection, autoimmune disease, and cancer. Enabling genome engineering in monocytes and their effector cells will facilitate a myriad of applications for basic and translational research. Here, we demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas9 RNPs can be used for efficient gene knockout in primary human monocytes. In addition, we demonstrate that intracellular RNases are likely responsible for poor and heterogenous mRNA expression as incorporation of pan-RNase inhibitor allows efficient genome engineering following mRNA-based delivery of Cas9 and base editor enzymes. Moreover, we demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas9 combined with an rAAV vector DNA donor template mediates site-specific insertion and expression of a transgene in primary human monocytes. Finally, we demonstrate that SIRPa knock-out monocyte-derived macrophages have enhanced activity against cancer cells, highlighting the potential for application in cellular immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanut Laoharawee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Matthew J. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Walker S. Lahr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher J. Sipe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Evan Kleinboehl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joseph J. Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cara-lin Lonetree
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jason B. Bell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Slipek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Andrew T. Crane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Beau R. Webber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Branden S. Moriarity
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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34
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Sun J, Yang X, Wang T, Xing Y, Chen H, Zhu S, Zeng J, Zhou Q, Chen F, Zhang X, Wang WJ. Evaluating the Effects of Storage Conditions on Multiple Cell-Free RNAs in Plasma by High-Throughput Sequencing. Biopreserv Biobank 2022. [PMID: 36006659 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Plasma cell-free RNAs (cfRNAs) can serve as noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. However, the delay in blood processing may lead to unreliable results. Therefore, an unbiased evaluation based on the whole transcriptome under different storage conditions is needed. Methods: Here, blood samples were collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tubes and processed immediately (0 hour), or stored at room temperature (RT) or 4°C for different time intervals (2, 6, and 24 hours) before plasma separation. High-throughput sequencing was applied to assess the effects of storage conditions on the transcript profiles and fragment characteristics of plasma cell-free mRNA, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and small RNAs. Results: More genes changed their expression levels with time when blood was stored at RT compared with those at 4°C. Cell-free mRNA and lncRNA were relatively stable in blood preserved at 4°C for 6 hours, while cell-free microRNA (miRNA) and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) remained stable at 4°C for 24 hours. After 24 hours, more contamination of the leukocyte-derived RNAs occurred at RT, possibly due to apoptosis. Meanwhile, significant changes were also observed regarding the characteristics of the RNA fragments, including fragment size, the proportion of intron, and the pyrimidine frequency of the fragmented 3' end. Fifteen tissue-enriched genes were detected in the plasma but not expressed in leukocytes. The expression level and fragment length of these genes gradually decreased during storage, suggesting the degradation of the cfRNA and the dilution of leukocyte-derived RNA with other tissue-derived cfRNA. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the contamination of leukocyte-derived RNA and the degradation of original cfRNA contribute to the changes in the cfRNA expression profiles and the fragment characteristics during short-term storage. The storage of blood at 4°C for 6 hours allows plasma cfRNA to remain relatively stable, which will be useful for further studies or clinical applications where adequate quantification or the fragment signature of cfRNA is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Sun
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | - Sujun Zhu
- Obstetrics Department, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Zeng
- Obstetrics Department, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | - Wen-Jing Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Screening, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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35
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Charoensappakit A, Sae-Khow K, Leelahavanichkul A. Gut Barrier Damage and Gut Translocation of Pathogen Molecules in Lupus, an Impact of Innate Immunity (Macrophages and Neutrophils) in Autoimmune Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158223. [PMID: 35897790 PMCID: PMC9367802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier is a single cell layer that separates gut micro-organisms from the host, and gut permeability defects result in the translocation of microbial molecules from the gut into the blood. Despite the silent clinical manifestation, gut translocation of microbial molecules can induce systemic inflammation that might be an endogenous exacerbating factor of systemic lupus erythematosus. In contrast, circulatory immune-complex deposition and the effect of medications on the gut, an organ with an extremely large surface area, of patients with active lupus might cause gut translocation of microbial molecules, which worsens lupus severity. Likewise, the imbalance of gut microbiota may initiate lupus and/or interfere with gut integrity which results in microbial translocation and lupus exacerbation. Moreover, immune hyper-responsiveness of innate immune cells (macrophages and neutrophils) is demonstrated in a lupus model from the loss of inhibitory Fc gamma receptor IIb (FcgRIIb), which induces prominent responses through the cross-link between activating-FcgRs and innate immune receptors. The immune hyper-responsiveness can cause cell death, especially apoptosis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis), which possibly exacerbates lupus, partly through the enhanced exposure of the self-antigens. Leaky gut monitoring and treatments (such as probiotics) might be beneficial in lupus. Here, we discuss the current information on leaky gut in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awirut Charoensappakit
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kritsanawan Sae-Khow
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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36
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Wolf EJ, Grünberg S, Dai N, Chen TH, Roy B, Yigit E, Corrêa I. Human RNase 4 improves mRNA sequence characterization by LC–MS/MS. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:e106. [PMID: 35871301 PMCID: PMC9561288 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid growth of synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics and vaccines, the development of analytical tools for characterization of long, complex RNAs has become essential. Tandem liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) permits direct assessment of the mRNA primary sequence and modifications thereof without conversion to cDNA or amplification. It relies upon digestion of mRNA with site-specific endoribonucleases to generate pools of short oligonucleotides that are then amenable to MS-based sequence analysis. Here, we showed that the uridine-specific human endoribonuclease hRNase 4 improves mRNA sequence coverage, in comparison with the benchmark enzyme RNase T1, by producing a larger population of uniquely mappable cleavage products. We deployed hRNase 4 to characterize mRNAs fully substituted with 1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ) or 5-methoxyuridine (mo5U), as well as mRNAs selectively depleted of uridine–two key strategies to reduce synthetic mRNA immunogenicity. Lastly, we demonstrated that hRNase 4 enables direct assessment of the 5′ cap incorporation into in vitro transcribed mRNA. Collectively, this study highlights the power of hRNase 4 to interrogate mRNA sequence, identity, and modifications by LC–MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Wolf
- New England Biolabs, Inc, 43/44 Dunham Ridge, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
| | | | - Nan Dai
- New England Biolabs, Inc, 43/44 Dunham Ridge, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
| | - Tien-Hao Chen
- New England Biolabs, Inc, 43/44 Dunham Ridge, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
| | - Bijoyita Roy
- New England Biolabs, Inc, 43/44 Dunham Ridge, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
| | - Erbay Yigit
- New England Biolabs, Inc, 43/44 Dunham Ridge, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
| | - Ivan R Corrêa
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 978 380 7504;
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37
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Liu Z, Wang T, Yang X, Zhou Q, Zhu S, Zeng J, Chen H, Sun J, Li L, Xu J, Geng C, Xu X, Wang J, Yang H, Zhu S, Chen F, Wang WJ. Polyadenylation ligation-mediated sequencing (PALM-Seq) characterizes cell-free coding and non-coding RNAs in human biofluids. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e987. [PMID: 35858042 PMCID: PMC9299576 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell‐free messenger RNA (cf‐mRNA) and long non‐coding RNA (cf‐lncRNA) are becoming increasingly important in liquid biopsy by providing biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis and prognosis, but the simultaneous characterization of coding and non‐coding RNAs in human biofluids remains challenging. Methods Here, we developed polyadenylation ligation‐mediated sequencing (PALM‐Seq), an RNA sequencing strategy employing treatment of RNA with T4 polynucleotide kinase to generate cell‐free RNA (cfRNA) fragments with 5′ phosphate and 3′ hydroxyl and RNase H to deplete abundant RNAs, achieving simultaneous quantification and characterization of cfRNAs. Results Using PALM‐Seq, we successfully identified well‐known differentially abundant mRNA, lncRNA and microRNA in the blood plasma of pregnant women. We further characterized cfRNAs in blood plasma, saliva, urine, seminal plasma and amniotic fluid and found that the detected numbers of different RNA biotypes varied with body fluids. The profiles of cf‐mRNA reflected the function of originated tissues, and immune cells significantly contributed RNA to blood plasma and saliva. Short fragments (<50 nt) of mRNA and lncRNA were major in biofluids, whereas seminal plasma and amniotic fluid tended to retain long RNA. Body fluids showed distinct preferences of pyrimidine at the 3′ end and adenine at the 5′ end of cf‐mRNA and cf‐lncRNA, which were correlated with the proportions of short fragments. Conclusion Together, PALM‐Seq enables a simultaneous characterization of cf‐mRNA and cf‐lncRNA, contributing to elucidating the biology and promoting the application of cfRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xi Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Sujun Zhu
- Obstetrics Department, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Juan Zeng
- Obstetrics Department, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | - Jinghua Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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38
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Current Evidence in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines and Post-Vaccination Adverse Reports: Knowns and Unknowns. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071555. [PMID: 35885461 PMCID: PMC9316835 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel mRNA vaccinations against COVID-19 are gaining worldwide attention for their potential efficacy, as well as for the diagnosis of some post-vaccination-reported adverse reactions. In this state-of-the-art review article, we present the current evidence regarding mainly the diagnosis of spontaneous allergic reactions, the skin occurrences, the vascular, blood, endocrine and heart events, the respiratory reports, the gastrointestinal, hepatic and kidney events, the reproductive and pregnancy issues and the muscle events, as well as the ear, eye, neurologic and psychiatric events following mRNA vaccination against COVID-19. We further present some evidence regarding the mRNA strategies, we provide important information for side effects associated with the spike protein based LNP-mRNA vaccine and its adjuvants, as well as evidence for all the possible dangerous roles of the spike protein, and we discuss our expert opinion on the knowns and the unknowns towards the topic.
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39
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Abengózar MÁ, Fernández-Reyes M, Salazar VA, Torrent M, de la Torre BG, Andreu D, Boix E, Rivas L. Essential Role of Enzymatic Activity in the Leishmanicidal Mechanism of the Eosinophil Cationic Protein (RNase 3). ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1207-1217. [PMID: 35731709 PMCID: PMC9274760 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The recruitment of
eosinophils into Leishmania lesions is frequently
associated with a favorable evolution. A feasible
effector for this process is eosinophil cationic protein (ECP, RNase
3), one of the main human eosinophil granule proteins, endowed with
a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, including parasites. ECP
was active on Leishmania promastigotes and axenic
amastigotes (LC50’s = 3 and 16 μM, respectively)
but, in contrast to the irreversible membrane damage caused on bacteria
and reproduced by its N-terminal peptides, it only
induced a mild and transient plasma membrane destabilization on Leishmania donovani promastigotes. To assess the
contribution of RNase activity to the overall leishmanicidal activity
of ECP, parasites were challenged in parallel with a single-mutant
version, ECP-H15A, devoid of RNase activity, that fully preserves
the conformation and liposome permeabilization ability. ECP-H15A showed
a similar uptake to ECP on promastigotes, but with higher LC50’s (>25 μM) for both parasite stages. ECP-treated
promastigotes
showed a degraded RNA pattern, absent in ECP-H15A-treated samples.
Moreover ECP, but not ECP-H15A, reduced more than 2-fold the parasite
burden of infected macrophages. Altogether, our results suggest that
ECP enters the Leishmania cytoplasm by an endocytic
pathway, ultimately leading to RNA degradation as a key contribution
to the leishmanicidal mechanism. Thus, ECP combines both membrane
destabilization and enzymatic activities to effect parasite killing.
Taken together, our data highlight the microbicidal versatility of
ECP as an innate immunity component and support the development of
cell-penetrating RNases as putative leishmanicidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Abengózar
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Reyes
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vivian A Salazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogota, Colorado 111711, Colombia
| | - Marc Torrent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Luis Rivas
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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40
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Ting DSJ, Mohammed I, Lakshminarayanan R, Beuerman RW, Dua HS. Host Defense Peptides at the Ocular Surface: Roles in Health and Major Diseases, and Therapeutic Potentials. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:835843. [PMID: 35783647 PMCID: PMC9243558 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.835843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sight is arguably the most important sense in human. Being constantly exposed to the environmental stress, irritants and pathogens, the ocular surface – a specialized functional and anatomical unit composed of tear film, conjunctival and corneal epithelium, lacrimal glands, meibomian glands, and nasolacrimal drainage apparatus – serves as a crucial front-line defense of the eye. Host defense peptides (HDPs), also known as antimicrobial peptides, are evolutionarily conserved molecular components of innate immunity that are found in all classes of life. Since the first discovery of lysozyme in 1922, a wide range of HDPs have been identified at the ocular surface. In addition to their antimicrobial activity, HDPs are increasingly recognized for their wide array of biological functions, including anti-biofilm, immunomodulation, wound healing, and anti-cancer properties. In this review, we provide an updated review on: (1) spectrum and expression of HDPs at the ocular surface; (2) participation of HDPs in ocular surface diseases/conditions such as infectious keratitis, conjunctivitis, dry eye disease, keratoconus, allergic eye disease, rosacea keratitis, and post-ocular surgery; (3) HDPs that are currently in the development pipeline for treatment of ocular diseases and infections; and (4) future potential of HDP-based clinical pharmacotherapy for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Shu Jeng Ting
- Academic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Darren Shu Jeng Ting
| | - Imran Mohammed
- Academic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roger W. Beuerman
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harminder S. Dua
- Academic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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41
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Das A, Dasgupta S, Pathak T. Crescent-shaped meta-Substituted Benzene Derivatives as a New Class of Non-Nucleoside Ribonuclease A Inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 71:116888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tosar JP, Cayota A, Witwer K. Exomeres and Supermeres: monolithic or diverse? JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e45. [PMID: 36311878 PMCID: PMC9610496 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are far from being the only RNA-containing extracellular particles (EPs). Recently, new 35 nm-sized EPs were discovered by asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation and termed "exomeres". Purification of exomeres was later performed by differential ultracentrifugation as well. More recently, the supernatant of the high-speed ultracentrifugation used to collect exomeres was further centrifuged to collect a new class of EP, termed "supermeres". Supermeres contain high quantities of extracellular RNA and are enriched in miR-1246. They are also replete in disease biomarkers and can induce metabolic and adaptive changes in recipient cells. Here, we reanalyzed proteomic and transcriptomic data obtained in this exciting study to obtain further insights into the molecular composition of exomeres and supermeres. We found that the top-ranking RNAs in supermeres correspond to the footprints of extracellular protein complexes. These complexes protect fragments of the small nuclear RNA U2 and the 28S rRNA from extracellular ribonucleases (exRNases). We suggest that intracellular nanoparticles such as the U2 ribonucleoprotein, ribosomes and LGALS3BP ring-like decamers are released into the extracellular space. These heterogeneous EPs might be further processed by exRNases and co-isolate by ultracentrifugation with other components of exomeres and supermeres. We look forward to continuing progress in defining exRNA carriers, bridging process definitions with molecular composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Tosar
- Analytical Biochemistry UnitNuclear Research CenterSchool of ScienceUniversidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
- Functional Genomics UnitInstitut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | - Alfonso Cayota
- Functional Genomics UnitInstitut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
- Department of MedicineUniversity HospitalUniversidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - Kenneth Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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43
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Weidner L, Laner-Plamberger S, Horner D, Pistorius C, Jurkin J, Karbiener M, Schistal E, Kreil TR, Jungbauer C. Sample Buffer Containing Guanidine-Hydrochloride Combines Biological Safety and RNA Preservation for SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1186. [PMID: 35626342 PMCID: PMC9139951 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has elicited the need to analyse and store large amounts of infectious samples for laboratory diagnostics. Therefore, there has been a demand for sample storage buffers that effectively inactivate infectious viral particles while simultaneously preserving the viral RNA. Here, we present a storage buffer containing guanidine-hydrochloride that fulfils both requirements. Its ability to preserve RNA stability was confirmed by RT-qPCR, and virus-inactivating properties were tested by tissue culture infectious dose assay. Our data revealed that RNA from samples diluted in this storage buffer was efficiently preserved. Spiking samples with RNase A resulted in RNAse concentrations up to 100 ng/mL being efficiently inhibited, whereas spiking samples with infectious SARS-CoV-2 particles demonstrated rapid virus inactivation. In addition, our buffer demonstrated good compatibility with several commercially available RNA extraction platforms. The presented guanidine-hydrochloride-based storage buffer efficiently inactivates infectious SARS-CoV-2 particles and supports viral RNA stability, leading to a reduced infection risk during sample analysis and an increased period for follow-up analysis, such as sequencing for virus variants. Because the presented buffer is uncomplicated to manufacture and compatible with a variety of commercially available test systems, its application can support and improve SARS-CoV-2 laboratory diagnostics worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Weidner
- Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland, Wiedner Hauptstraße 32, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (L.W.); (D.H.); (C.P.); (J.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Sandra Laner-Plamberger
- Department for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Müllner-Hauptstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg, PMU Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - David Horner
- Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland, Wiedner Hauptstraße 32, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (L.W.); (D.H.); (C.P.); (J.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Charlotte Pistorius
- Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland, Wiedner Hauptstraße 32, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (L.W.); (D.H.); (C.P.); (J.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Jennifer Jurkin
- Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland, Wiedner Hauptstraße 32, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (L.W.); (D.H.); (C.P.); (J.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Michael Karbiener
- Global Pathogen Safety, Takeda Manufacturing Austria AG, Benatzkygasse 2-6, 1221 Vienna, Austria; (M.K.); (T.R.K.)
| | - Elisabeth Schistal
- Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland, Wiedner Hauptstraße 32, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (L.W.); (D.H.); (C.P.); (J.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Thomas R. Kreil
- Global Pathogen Safety, Takeda Manufacturing Austria AG, Benatzkygasse 2-6, 1221 Vienna, Austria; (M.K.); (T.R.K.)
| | - Christof Jungbauer
- Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland, Wiedner Hauptstraße 32, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (L.W.); (D.H.); (C.P.); (J.J.); (E.S.)
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The Mechanisms of lncRNA-Mediated Multidrug Resistance and the Clinical Application Prospects of lncRNAs in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092101. [PMID: 35565231 PMCID: PMC9103444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major cause of breast cancer (BC) chemotherapy failure. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown closely related to the chemoresistance of BC. In this work, the mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated MDR in BC were elaborated from eight sections, including apoptosis, autophagy, DNA repair, cell cycle, drug efflux, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, epigenetic modification and the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we also discuss the clinical significance of lncRNAs, which may be biomarkers for diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease and presents a great threat to female health worldwide. Chemotherapy is one of the predominant strategies for the treatment of BC; however, multidrug resistance (MDR) has seriously affected or hindered the effect of chemotherapy. Recently, a growing number of studies have indicated that lncRNAs play vital and varied roles in BC chemoresistance, including apoptosis, autophagy, DNA repair, cell cycle, drug efflux, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), epigenetic modification and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although thousands of lncRNAs have been implicated in the chemoresistance of BC, a systematic review of their regulatory mechanisms remains to be performed. In this review, we systematically summarized the mechanisms of MDR and the functions of lncRNAs mediated in the chemoresistance of BC from the latest literature. These findings significantly enhance the current understanding of lncRNAs and suggest that they may be promising prognostic biomarkers for BC patients receiving chemotherapy, as well as therapeutic targets to prevent or reverse chemoresistance.
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Lu L, Li J, Wei R, Guidi I, Cozzuto L, Ponomarenko J, Prats-Ejarque G, Boix E. Selective cleavage of ncRNA and antiviral activity by RNase2/EDN in THP1-induced macrophages. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:209. [PMID: 35347428 PMCID: PMC8960563 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRNase2 is the member of the RNaseA family most abundant in macrophages. Here, we knocked out RNase2 in THP-1 cells and analysed the response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). RSV induced RNase2 expression, which significantly enhanced cell survival. Next, by cP-RNAseq sequencing, which amplifies the cyclic-phosphate endonuclease products, we analysed the ncRNA population. Among the ncRNAs accumulated in WT vs KO cells, we found mostly tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and second miRNAs. Differential sequence coverage identified tRFs from only few parental tRNAs, revealing a predominant cleavage at anticodon and d-loops at U/C (B1) and A (B2) sites. Selective tRNA cleavage was confirmed in vitro using the recombinant protein. Likewise, only few miRNAs were significantly more abundant in WT vs RNase2-KO cells. Complementarily, by screening of a tRF & tiRNA array, we identified an enriched population associated to RNase2 expression and RSV exposure. The results confirm the protein antiviral action and provide the first evidence of its cleavage selectivity on ncRNAs.
Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ranlei Wei
- National Frontier Center of Disease Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Irene Guidi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Luca Cozzuto
- Bioinformatic Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Ponomarenko
- Bioinformatic Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Prats-Ejarque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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46
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Zhu Y, Tang X, Xu Y, Wu S, Liu W, Geng L, Ma X, Tsao BP, Feng X, Sun L. RNASE2 Mediates Age-Associated B Cell Expansion Through Monocyte Derived IL-10 in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:752189. [PMID: 35265065 PMCID: PMC8899663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.752189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the production of pathogenic autoantibodies. Ribonuclease A family member 2 (RNase2) is known to have antiviral activity and immunomodulatory function. Although RNASE2 level has been reported to be elevated in SLE patients based on mRNA microarray detection, its pathologic mechanism remains unclear. Here, we confirmed that RNASE2 was highly expressed in PBMCs from SLE patients and associated with the proportion of CD11c+T-bet+ B cells, a class of autoreactive B cells also known as age-associated B cells (ABCs). We showed that reduction of RNASE2 expression by small interfering RNA led to the decrease of ABCs in vitro, accompanied by total IgG and IL-10 reduction. In addition, we demonstrated that both RNASE2 and IL-10 in peripheral blood of lupus patients were mainly derived from monocytes. RNASE2 silencing in monocytes down-regulated IL-10 production and consequently reduced ABCs numbers in monocyte-B cell co-cultures, which could be restored by the addition of recombinant IL-10. Based on above findings, we concluded that RNASE2 might induce the production of ABCs via IL-10 secreted from monocytes, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Linyu Geng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolei Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Betty P Tsao
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Xuebing Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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47
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Saenz-de-Juano MD, Silvestrelli G, Bauersachs S, Ulbrich SE. Determining extracellular vesicles properties and miRNA cargo variability in bovine milk from healthy cows and cows undergoing subclinical mastitis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:189. [PMID: 35255807 PMCID: PMC8903571 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subclinical mastitis, the inflammation of the mammary gland lacking clinical symptoms, is one of the most prevalent and costly diseases in dairy farming worldwide. Milk microRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as potential biomarkers of different mammary gland conditions, including subclinical mastitis. However, little is known about the robustness of EVs analysis regarding sampling time-point and natural infections. To estimate the reliability of EVs measurements in raw bovine milk, we first evaluated changes in EVs size and concentration using Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing (TRPS) during three consecutive days of sampling. Then, we analysed daily differences in miRNA cargo using small RNA-seq. Finally, we compared milk EVs differences from naturally infected udder quarters with their healthy adjacent quarters and quarters from uninfected udders, respectively. Results We found that the milk EV miRNA cargo was very stable over the course of three days regardless of the health status of the quarter, and that infected quarters did not induce relevant changes in milk EVs of adjacent healthy quarters. Chronic subclinical mastitis induced changes in milk EV miRNA cargo, but neither in EVs size nor concentration. We observed that the changes in immunoregulatory miRNAs in quarters with chronic subclinical mastitis were cow-individual, however, the most upregulated miRNA was bta-miR-223-3p across all individuals. Conclusions Our results showed that the miRNA profile and particle size characteristics remained constant throughout consecutive days, suggesting that miRNAs packed in EVs are physiological state-specific. In addition, infected quarters were solely affected while adjacent healthy quarters remained unaffected. Finally, the cow-individual miRNA changes pointed towards infection-specific alterations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08377-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara D Saenz-de-Juano
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Silvestrelli
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Bauersachs
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Functional Genomics, University of Zurich, Eschikon 27, AgroVet-Strickhof, 8315, Lindau, ZH, Switzerland
| | - Susanne E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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48
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Akiyama Y, Lyons SM, Fay MM, Tomioka Y, Abe T, Anderson PJ, Ivanov P. Selective Cleavage at CCA Ends and Anticodon Loops of tRNAs by Stress-Induced RNases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:791094. [PMID: 35300117 PMCID: PMC8920990 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.791094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced tRNA cleavage has been implicated in various cellular processes, where tRNA fragments play diverse regulatory roles. Angiogenin (ANG), a member of the RNase A superfamily, induces cleavage of tRNAs resulting in the formation of tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs) that contribute to translational reprogramming aiming at cell survival. In addition to cleaving tRNA anticodon loops, ANG has been shown to cleave 3′-CCA termini of tRNAs in vitro, although it is not known whether this process occurs in cells. It has also been suggested that tiRNAs can be generated independently of ANG, although the role of other stress-induced RNases in tRNA cleavage is poorly understood. Using gene editing and biochemical approaches, we examined the involvement of ANG in stress-induced tRNA cleavage by focusing on its cleavage of CCA-termini as well as anticodon loops. We show that ANG is not responsible for CCA-deactivation under sodium arsenite (SA) treatment in cellulo, and although ANG treatment significantly increases 3′-tiRNA levels in cells, the majority of 3′-tiRNAs retain their 3′-CCA termini. Instead, other RNases can cleave CCA-termini in cells, although with low efficiency. Moreover, in the absence of ANG, other RNases are able to promote the production of tiRNAs in cells. Depletion of RNH1 (an endogenous inhibitor of RNase A superfamily) promotes constitutively-produced tiRNAs and CCA-deactivated tRNAs in cells. Interestingly, SA treatment in RNH1-depleted cells did not increase the amount of tiRNAs or CCA-deactivated tRNAs, suggesting that RNase A superfamily enzymes are largely responsible for SA-induced tRNA cleavage. We show that interplay between stress-induced RNases cause targeting tRNAs in a stress-specific manner in cellulo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutoshi Akiyama
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shawn M. Lyons
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- The Genome Science Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marta M. Fay
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yoshihisa Tomioka
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Department of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Paul J. Anderson
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pavel Ivanov
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pavel Ivanov,
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49
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Unterman A, Sumida TS, Nouri N, Yan X, Zhao AY, Gasque V, Schupp JC, Asashima H, Liu Y, Cosme C, Deng W, Chen M, Raredon MSB, Hoehn KB, Wang G, Wang Z, DeIuliis G, Ravindra NG, Li N, Castaldi C, Wong P, Fournier J, Bermejo S, Sharma L, Casanovas-Massana A, Vogels CBF, Wyllie AL, Grubaugh ND, Melillo A, Meng H, Stein Y, Minasyan M, Mohanty S, Ruff WE, Cohen I, Raddassi K, Niklason LE, Ko AI, Montgomery RR, Farhadian SF, Iwasaki A, Shaw AC, van Dijk D, Zhao H, Kleinstein SH, Hafler DA, Kaminski N, Dela Cruz CS. Single-cell multi-omics reveals dyssynchrony of the innate and adaptive immune system in progressive COVID-19. Nat Commun 2022; 13:440. [PMID: 35064122 PMCID: PMC8782894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 virus are instrumental in severe COVID-19. However, the immune signatures associated with immunopathology are poorly understood. Here we use multi-omics single-cell analysis to probe the dynamic immune responses in hospitalized patients with stable or progressive course of COVID-19, explore V(D)J repertoires, and assess the cellular effects of tocilizumab. Coordinated profiling of gene expression and cell lineage protein markers shows that S100Ahi/HLA-DRlo classical monocytes and activated LAG-3hi T cells are hallmarks of progressive disease and highlights the abnormal MHC-II/LAG-3 interaction on myeloid and T cells, respectively. We also find skewed T cell receptor repertories in expanded effector CD8+ clones, unmutated IGHG+ B cell clones, and mutated B cell clones with stable somatic hypermutation frequency over time. In conclusion, our in-depth immune profiling reveals dyssynchrony of the innate and adaptive immune interaction in progressive COVID-19.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity/drug effects
- Adaptive Immunity/genetics
- Adaptive Immunity/immunology
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- COVID-19/genetics
- COVID-19/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Male
- RNA-Seq/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/physiology
- Single-Cell Analysis/methods
- COVID-19 Drug Treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Unterman
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Pulmonary Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Tomokazu S Sumida
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Nima Nouri
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Medical Informatics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Xiting Yan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amy Y Zhao
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Victor Gasque
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School and Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Lung Research Center (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Hiromitsu Asashima
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yunqing Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos Cosme
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wenxuan Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Micha Sam Brickman Raredon
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kenneth B Hoehn
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guilin Wang
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis/Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zuoheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Giuseppe DeIuliis
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Neal G Ravindra
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ningshan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Patrick Wong
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Fournier
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Santos Bermejo
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arnau Casanovas-Massana
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chantal B F Vogels
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anne L Wyllie
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nathan D Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anthony Melillo
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hailong Meng
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yan Stein
- Pulmonary Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maksym Minasyan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Subhasis Mohanty
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William E Ruff
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Inessa Cohen
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Khadir Raddassi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Albert I Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruth R Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shelli F Farhadian
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Albert C Shaw
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David van Dijk
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Inter-Departmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Inter-Departmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David A Hafler
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- West Haven Veterans Affair Medical Center, West Haven, CT, USA
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Prats-Ejarque G, Lorente H, Villalba C, Anguita R, Lu L, Vázquez-Monteagudo S, Fernández-Millán P, Boix E. Structure-Based Design of an RNase Chimera for Antimicrobial Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:95. [PMID: 35008522 PMCID: PMC8745102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics urges the development of alternative therapies. Based on the structure-function of antimicrobial members of the RNase A superfamily, we have developed a hybrid enzyme. Within this family, RNase 1 exhibits the highest catalytic activity and the lowest cytotoxicity; in contrast, RNase 3 shows the highest bactericidal action, alas with a reduced catalytic activity. Starting from both parental proteins, we designed a first RNase 3/1-v1 chimera. The construct had a catalytic activity much higher than RNase 3, unfortunately without reaching an equivalent antimicrobial activity. Thus, two new versions were created with improved antimicrobial properties. Both of these versions (RNase 3/1-v2 and -v3) incorporated an antimicrobial loop characteristic of RNase 3, while a flexible RNase 1-specific loop was removed in the latest construct. RNase 3/1-v3 acquired both higher antimicrobial and catalytic activities than previous versions, while retaining the structural determinants for interaction with the RNase inhibitor and displaying non-significant cytotoxicity. Following, we tested the constructs' ability to eradicate macrophage intracellular infection and observed an enhanced ability in both RNase 3/1-v2 and v3. Interestingly, the inhibition of intracellular infection correlates with the variants' capacity to induce autophagy. We propose RNase 3/1-v3 chimera as a promising lead for applied therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Prats-Ejarque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (H.L.); (C.V.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (S.V.-M.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Helena Lorente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (H.L.); (C.V.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (S.V.-M.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Clara Villalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (H.L.); (C.V.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (S.V.-M.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Raúl Anguita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (H.L.); (C.V.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (S.V.-M.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (H.L.); (C.V.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (S.V.-M.); (P.F.-M.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Sergi Vázquez-Monteagudo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (H.L.); (C.V.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (S.V.-M.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Pablo Fernández-Millán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (H.L.); (C.V.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (S.V.-M.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (H.L.); (C.V.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (S.V.-M.); (P.F.-M.)
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