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Ganesh S, Kim MJ, Lee J, Feng X, Ule K, Mahan A, Krishnan HS, Wang Z, Anzahaee MY, Singhal G, Korboukh I, Lockridge JA, Sanftner L, Rijnbrand R, Abrams M, Brown BD. RNAi mediated silencing of STAT3/PD-L1 in tumor-associated immune cells induces robust anti-tumor effects in immunotherapy resistant tumors. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1895-1916. [PMID: 38549376 PMCID: PMC11184339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors are often associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), rendering most of them resistant to standard-of-care immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor, has well-defined immunosuppressive functions in several leukocyte populations within the TME. Since the STAT3 protein has been challenging to target using conventional pharmaceutical modalities, we investigated the feasibility of applying systemically delivered RNA interference (RNAi) agents to silence its mRNA directly in tumor-associated immune cells. In preclinical rodent tumor models, chemically stabilized acylated small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) selectively silenced Stat3 mRNA in multiple relevant cell types, reduced STAT3 protein levels, and increased cytotoxic T cell infiltration. In a murine model of CPI-resistant pancreatic cancer, RNAi-mediated Stat3 silencing resulted in tumor growth inhibition, which was further enhanced in combination with CPIs. To further exemplify the utility of RNAi for cancer immunotherapy, this technology was used to silence Cd274, the gene encoding the immune checkpoint protein programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Interestingly, silencing of Cd274 was effective in tumor models that are resistant to PD-L1 antibody therapy. These data represent the first demonstration of systemic delivery of RNAi agents to the TME and suggest applying this technology for immuno-oncology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Ganesh
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA.
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Jenny Lee
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Xudong Feng
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Krisjanis Ule
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Amy Mahan
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | | | - Zhe Wang
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | | | - Garima Singhal
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Ilia Korboukh
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | | | - Laura Sanftner
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Rene Rijnbrand
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Marc Abrams
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Bob D Brown
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a Novo Nordisk Company, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
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Hu C, Wang J, Gao X, Xia J, Li W, Song P, Zhang W, Ge F, Zhu L. Pluronic-Based Nanoparticles for Delivery of Doxorubicin to the Tumor Microenvironment by Binding to Macrophages. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14441-14456. [PMID: 38758604 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The active targeting drug delivery system based on special types of endogenous cells such as macrophages has emerged as a promising strategy for tumor therapy, owing to its tumor homing property and biocompatibility. In this work, the active tumor-targeting drug delivery system carrying doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles (DOX@MPF127-MCP-1, DMPM) on macrophage (RAW264.7) surfaces via the mediation of interaction with the CCR2/MCP-1 axis was exploited. Initially, the amphiphilic block copolymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) was carboxylated to MPF127 at the hydroxyl terminus. Subsequently, MPF127 was modified with MCP-1 peptide to prepare MPF127-MCP-1 (MPM). The DOX was wrapped in MPM to form DMPM nanomicelles (approximately 100 nm) during the self-assembly process of MPM. The DMPM spontaneously bound to macrophages (RAW264.7), which resulted in the construction of an actively targeting delivery system (macrophage-DMPM, MA-DMPM) in vitro and in vivo. The DOX in MA-DMPM was released in the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) in a pH-responsive manner to increase DOX accumulation and enhance the tumor treatment effect. The ratio of MA-DMPM homing reached 220% in vitro compared with the control group, indicating that the MA-DMPM was excellently capable of tumor-targeting delivery. In in vivo experiments, nonsmall cell lung cancer cell (NCI-H1299) tumor models were established. The results of the fluorescence imaging system (IVIS) showed that MA-DMPM demonstrated tremendous tumor-targeting ability in vivo. The antitumor effects of MA-DMPM in vivo indicated that the proportion of tumor cell apoptosis in the DMPM-treated group was 63.33%. The findings of the tumor-bearing mouse experiment proved that MA-DMPM significantly suppressed tumor cell growth, which confirmed its immense potential and promising applications in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengrui Hu
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xinxing Gao
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jie Xia
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wanzhen Li
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Ping Song
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Fei Ge
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Longbao Zhu
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, Peoples Republic of China
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Rannikko JH, Hollmén M. Clinical landscape of macrophage-reprogramming cancer immunotherapies. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02715-6. [PMID: 38831013 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) sustain a tumour-supporting and immunosuppressive milieu and therefore aggravate cancer prognosis. To modify TAM behaviour and unlock their anti-tumoural potential, novel TAM-reprogramming immunotherapies are being developed at an accelerating rate. At the same time, scientific discoveries have highlighted more sophisticated TAM phenotypes with complex biological functions and contradictory prognostic associations. To understand the evolving clinical landscape, we reviewed current and past clinically evaluated TAM-reprogramming cancer therapeutics and summarised almost 200 TAM-reprogramming agents investigated in more than 700 clinical trials. Observable overall trends include a high frequency of overlapping strategies against the same therapeutic targets, development of more complex strategies to improve previously ineffective approaches and reliance on combinatory strategies for efficacy. However, strong anti-tumour efficacy is uncommon, which encourages re-directing efforts on identifying biomarkers for eligible patient populations and comparing similar treatments earlier. Future endeavours will benefit from considering the shortcomings of past treatment strategies and accommodating the emerging complexity of TAM biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna H Rannikko
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Hollmén
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Faron Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Turku, Finland.
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Hodgson K, Orozco-Moreno M, Goode EA, Fisher M, Garnham R, Beatson R, Turner H, Livermore K, Zhou Y, Wilson L, Visser EA, Pijnenborg JF, Eerden N, Moons SJ, Rossing E, Hysenaj G, Krishna R, Peng Z, Nangkana KP, Schmidt EN, Duxfield A, Dennis EP, Heer R, Lawson MA, Macauley M, Elliott DJ, Büll C, Scott E, Boltje TJ, Drake RR, Wang N, Munkley J. Sialic acid blockade inhibits the metastatic spread of prostate cancer to bone. EBioMedicine 2024; 104:105163. [PMID: 38772281 PMCID: PMC11134892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone metastasis is a common consequence of advanced prostate cancer. Bisphosphonates can be used to manage symptoms, but there are currently no curative treatments available. Altered tumour cell glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer and is an important driver of a malignant phenotype. In prostate cancer, the sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 is upregulated, and studies show ST6GAL1-mediated aberrant sialylation of N-glycans promotes prostate tumour growth and disease progression. METHODS Here, we monitor ST6GAL1 in tumour and serum samples from men with aggressive prostate cancer and using in vitro and in vivo models we investigate the role of ST6GAL1 in prostate cancer bone metastasis. FINDINGS ST6GAL1 is upregulated in patients with prostate cancer with tumours that have spread to the bone and can promote prostate cancer bone metastasis in vivo. The mechanisms involved are multi-faceted and involve modification of the pre-metastatic niche towards bone resorption to promote the vicious cycle, promoting the development of M2 like macrophages, and the regulation of immunosuppressive sialoglycans. Furthermore, using syngeneic mouse models, we show that inhibiting sialylation can block the spread of prostate tumours to bone. INTERPRETATION Our study identifies an important role for ST6GAL1 and α2-6 sialylated N-glycans in prostate cancer bone metastasis, provides proof-of-concept data to show that inhibiting sialylation can suppress the spread of prostate tumours to bone, and highlights sialic acid blockade as an exciting new strategy to develop new therapies for patients with advanced prostate cancer. FUNDING Prostate Cancer Research and the Mark Foundation For Cancer Research, the Medical Research Council and Prostate Cancer UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Hodgson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Margarita Orozco-Moreno
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Emily Archer Goode
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Matthew Fisher
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rebecca Garnham
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Richard Beatson
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), Rayne 9 Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Helen Turner
- Cellular Pathology, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Karen Livermore
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Laura Wilson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Eline A Visser
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nienke Eerden
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; GlycoTherapeutics B.V., Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Emiel Rossing
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerald Hysenaj
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rashi Krishna
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ziqian Peng
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Kyla Putri Nangkana
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Edward N Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Adam Duxfield
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; International Centre for Life, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ella P Dennis
- International Centre for Life, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rakesh Heer
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Michelle A Lawson
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - David J Elliott
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Christian Büll
- Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Emma Scott
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK.
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK.
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Ren Z, Xu Z, Chang X, Liu J, Xiao W. STC1 competitively binding βPIX enhances melanoma progression via YAP nuclear translocation and M2 macrophage recruitment through the YAP/CCL2/VEGFA/AKT feedback loop. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107218. [PMID: 38768671 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) in melanoma progression, with a focus on its impact on metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. Systematic bioinformatics analysis revealed the potential influence of STC1 dysregulation on prognosis, immune cell infiltration, response to immune therapy, and cellular functions. In vitro assays were conducted to assess the proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis capabilities of A375 cells. In vivo experiments utilizing C57BL/6 J mice established a lung metastasis model using B16-F10 cells to evaluate macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization. A Transwell co-culture system was employed to explore the crosstalk between melanoma and macrophages. Molecular interactions among STC1, YAP, βPIX, and CCL2 are investigated using mass spectrometry, Co-Immunoprecipitation, Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay, and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation experiments. STC1 was found to enhance lung metastasis by promoting the recruitment and polarization of M2 macrophages, thereby fostering an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Mechanistically, STC1 competes with YAP for binding to βPIX within the KER domain in melanoma cells, leading to YAP activation and subsequent CCL2 upregulation. CCL2-induced M2 macrophages secrete VEGFA, which enhances tumor vascularization and increases STC1 expression via the AKT signaling pathway in melanoma cells, establishing a pro-metastatic feedback loop. Notably, STC1-induced YAP activation increases PD-L1 expression, promoting immune evasion. Silencing STC1 enhances the efficacy of PD-1 immune checkpoint therapy in mice. This research elucidates STC1's role in melanoma metastasis and its complex interactions with tumor-associated macrophages, proposing STC1 as a potential therapeutic target for countering melanoma metastasis and augmenting the efficacy of PD-1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhou Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Xiyue Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Wan'an Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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Chaudary N, Hill RP, Milosevic M. Targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway to reduce radiation treatment side effects. Radiother Oncol 2024; 194:110194. [PMID: 38447871 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
High precision, image-guided radiotherapy (RT) has increased the therapeutic ratio, enabling higher tumor and lower normal tissue doses, leading to improved patient outcomes. Nevertheless, some patients remain at risk of developing serious side effects.In many clinical situations, the radiation tolerance of normal tissues close to the target volume limits the dose that can safely be delivered and thus the potential for tumor control and cure. This is particularly so in patients being re-treated for tumor progression or a second primary tumor within a previous irradiated volume, scenarios that are becoming more frequent in clinical practice.Various normal tissue 'radioprotective' drugs with the potential to reduce side effects have been studied previously. Unfortunately, most have failed to impact clinical practice because of lack of therapeutic efficacy, concern about concurrent tumor protection or excessive drug-related toxicity. This review highlights the evidence indicating that targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway can mitigate acute and late RT-induced injury and reduce treatment side effects in a manner that overcomes these previous translational challenges. Pre-clinical studies involving a broad range of normal tissues commonly affected in clinical practice, including skin, lung, the gastrointestinal tract and brain, have shown that CXCL12 signalling is upregulated by RT and attracts CXCR4-expressing inflammatory cells that exacerbate acute tissue injury and late fibrosis. These studies also provide convincing evidence that inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling during or after RT can reduce or prevent RT side effects, warranting further evaluation in clinical studies. Greater dialogue with the pharmaceutical industry is needed to prioritize the development and availability of CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibitors for future RT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz Chaudary
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Hill
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Milosevic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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7
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Khosravi G, Mostafavi S, Bastan S, Ebrahimi N, Gharibvand RS, Eskandari N. Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:521-553. [PMID: 38551889 PMCID: PMC11110955 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors can be classified into distinct immunophenotypes based on the presence and arrangement of cytotoxic immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hot tumors, characterized by heightened immune activity and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), stand in stark contrast to cold tumors, which lack immune infiltration and remain resistant to therapy. To overcome immune evasion mechanisms employed by tumor cells, novel immunologic modulators have emerged, particularly ICIs targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1). These agents disrupt inhibitory signals and reactivate the immune system, transforming cold tumors into hot ones and promoting effective antitumor responses. However, challenges persist, including primary resistance to immunotherapy, autoimmune side effects, and tumor response heterogeneity. Addressing these challenges requires innovative strategies, deeper mechanistic insights, and a combination of immune interventions to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapies. In the landscape of cancer medicine, where immune cold tumors represent a formidable hurdle, understanding the TME and harnessing its potential to reprogram the immune response is paramount. This review sheds light on current advancements and future directions in the quest for more effective and safer cancer treatment strategies, offering hope for patients with immune-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam‐Reza Khosravi
- Department of Medical ImmunologySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Samaneh Mostafavi
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Sanaz Bastan
- Department of Medical ImmunologySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Narges Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical ImmunologySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Roya Safari Gharibvand
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Medical ImmunologySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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8
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Huang Y, Fan H, Ti H. Tumor microenvironment reprogramming by nanomedicine to enhance the effect of tumor immunotherapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100902. [PMID: 38595331 PMCID: PMC11002556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of the fields of tumor biology and immunology, tumor immunotherapy has been used in clinical practice and has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential, particularly for treating tumors that do not respond to standard treatment options. Despite its advances, immunotherapy still has limitations, such as poor clinical response rates and differences in individual patient responses, largely because tumor tissues have strong immunosuppressive microenvironments. Many tumors have a tumor microenvironment (TME) that is characterized by hypoxia, low pH, and substantial numbers of immunosuppressive cells, and these are the main factors limiting the efficacy of antitumor immunotherapy. The TME is crucial to the occurrence, growth, and metastasis of tumors. Therefore, numerous studies have been devoted to improving the effects of immunotherapy by remodeling the TME. Effective regulation of the TME and reversal of immunosuppressive conditions are effective strategies for improving tumor immunotherapy. The use of multidrug combinations to improve the TME is an efficient way to enhance antitumor immune efficacy. However, the inability to effectively target drugs decreases therapeutic effects and causes toxic side effects. Nanodrug delivery carriers have the advantageous ability to enhance drug bioavailability and improve drug targeting. Importantly, they can also regulate the TME and deliver large or small therapeutic molecules to decrease the inhibitory effect of the TME on immune cells. Therefore, nanomedicine has great potential for reprogramming immunosuppressive microenvironments and represents a new immunotherapeutic strategy. Therefore, this article reviews strategies for improving the TME and summarizes research on synergistic nanomedicine approaches that enhance the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huihui Ti
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Province Precise Medicine Big Date of Traditional Chinese Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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9
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Guo J, Tang B, Fu J, Zhu X, Xie W, Wang N, Ding Z, Song Z, Yang Y, Xu G, Xiao X. High-plex spatial transcriptomic profiling reveals distinct immune components and the HLA class I/DNMT3A/CD8 modulatory axis in mismatch repair-deficient endometrial cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:573-585. [PMID: 37847338 PMCID: PMC11090934 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumors bearing mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) are characterized by a high load of neoantigens and are believed to trigger immunogenic reactions upon immune checkpoint blockade treatment such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. However, the mechanisms are still ill-defined, as multiple cancers with MMRd exhibit variable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In endometrial cancer (EC), a distinct tumor microenvironment (TME) exists that may correspond to treatment-related efficacies. We aimed to characterize EC patients with aberrant MMR pathways to identify molecular subtypes predisposed to respond to ICI therapies. METHODS We applied digital spatial profiling, a high-plex spatial transcriptomic approach covering over 1,800 genes, to obtain a highly resolved TME landscape in 45 MMRd-EC patients. We cross-validated multiple biomarkers identified using immunohistochemistry and multiplexed immunofluorescence using in-study and independent cohorts totaling 123 MMRd-EC patients and validated our findings using external TCGA data from microsatellite instability endometrial cancer (MSI-EC) patients. RESULTS High-plex spatial profiling identified a 14-gene signature in the MMRd tumor-enriched regions stratifying tumors into "hot", "intermediate" and "cold" groups according to their distinct immune profiles, a finding highly consistent with the corresponding CD8 + T-cell infiltration status. Our validation studies further corroborated an existing coregulatory network involving HLA class I and DNMT3A potentially bridged through dynamic crosstalk incorporating CCL5. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed the heterogeneous TME status within MMRd-ECs and showed that these ECs can be stratified based on potential biomarkers such as HLA class I, DNMT3A and CD8 in pathological settings for improved ICI therapeutic efficacy in this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Guo
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Baijie Tang
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenlong Xie
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Mills Institute for Personalized Cancer Care, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyong Ding
- Mills Institute for Personalized Cancer Care, Jinan, China
| | - Zhentao Song
- Mills Institute for Personalized Cancer Care, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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10
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Gao N, Yu FS. Lack of Elevated Expression of TGFβ3 Contributes to the Delay of Epithelial Wound Healing in Diabetic Corneas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:35. [PMID: 38546583 PMCID: PMC10981440 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the mechanisms underlying the differential roles of TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 in accelerating corneal epithelial wound healing (CEWH) in diabetic (DM) corneas, with normoglycemia (NL) corneas as the control. Methods Two types of diabetic mice, human corneal organ cultures, mouse corneal epithelial progenitor cell lines, and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were employed to assess the effects of TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 on CEWH, utilizing quantitative PCR, western blotting, ELISA, and whole-mount confocal microscopy. Results Epithelial debridement led to an increased expression of TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 in cultured human NL corneas, but only TGFβ1 in DM corneas. TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 inhibition was significantly impeded, but exogenous TGFβ1 and, more potently, TGFβ3 promoted CEWH in cultured TKE2 cells and in NL and DM C57BL6 mouse corneas. Wounding induced similar levels of p-SMAD2/SMAD3 in NL and DM corneas but weaker ERK1/2, Akt, and EGFR phosphorylation in DM corneas compared to NL corneas. Whereas TGFβ1 augmented SMAD2/SMAD3 phosphorylation, TGFβ3 preferentially activated ERK, PI3K, and EGFR in healing DM corneas. Furthermore, TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 differentially regulated the expression of S100a9, PAI-1, uPA/tPA, and CCL3 in healing NL and DM corneas. Finally, TGFβ1 induced the expression of M1 macrophage markers iNOS, CD86, and CTGF, whereas TGFβ3 promoted the expression of M2 markers CD206 and NGF in BMDMs from db/db or db/+ mice. Conclusions Hyperglycemia disrupts the balanced expression of TGFβ3/TGFβ1, resulting in delayed CEWH, including impaired sensory nerve regeneration in the cornea. Supplementing TGFβ3 in DM wounds may hold therapeutic potential for accelerating delayed wound healing in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Fu-Shin Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
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11
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Cecchi D, Jackson N, Beckham W, Chithrani DB. Improving the Efficacy of Common Cancer Treatments via Targeted Therapeutics towards the Tumour and Its Microenvironment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:175. [PMID: 38399237 PMCID: PMC10891984 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is defined as the uncontrolled proliferation of heterogeneous cell cultures in the body that develop abnormalities and mutations, leading to their resistance to many forms of treatment. Left untreated, these abnormal cell growths can lead to detrimental and even fatal complications for patients. Radiation therapy is involved in around 50% of cancer treatment workflows; however, it presents significant recurrence rates and normal tissue toxicity, given the inevitable deposition of the dose to the surrounding healthy tissue. Chemotherapy is another treatment modality with excessive normal tissue toxicity that significantly affects patients' quality of life. To improve the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, multiple conjunctive modalities have been proposed, which include the targeting of components of the tumour microenvironment inhibiting tumour spread and anti-therapeutic pathways, increasing the oxygen content within the tumour to revert the hypoxic nature of the malignancy, improving the local dose deposition with metal nanoparticles, and the restriction of the cell cycle within radiosensitive phases. The tumour microenvironment is largely responsible for inhibiting nanoparticle capture within the tumour itself and improving resistance to various forms of cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the current literature surrounding the administration of molecular and nanoparticle therapeutics, their pharmacokinetics, and contrasting mechanisms of action. The review aims to demonstrate the advancements in the field of conjugated nanomaterials and radiotherapeutics targeting, inhibiting, or bypassing the tumour microenvironment to promote further research that can improve treatment outcomes and toxicity rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cecchi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (D.C.)
| | - Nolan Jackson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (D.C.)
| | - Wayne Beckham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (D.C.)
- British Columbia Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Devika B. Chithrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (D.C.)
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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12
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Li F, Wang Y, Chen D, Du Y. Nanoparticle-Based Immunotherapy for Reversing T-Cell Exhaustion. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1396. [PMID: 38338674 PMCID: PMC10855737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell exhaustion refers to a state of T-cell dysfunction commonly observed in chronic infections and cancer. Immune checkpoint molecules blockading using PD-1 and TIM-3 antibodies have shown promising results in reversing exhaustion, but this approach has several limitations. The treatment of T-cell exhaustion is still facing great challenges, making it imperative to explore new therapeutic strategies. With the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles have successfully been applied as drug carriers and delivery systems in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Furthermore, nanoparticle-based immunotherapy has emerged as a crucial approach to reverse exhaustion. Here, we have compiled the latest advances in T-cell exhaustion, with a particular focus on the characteristics of exhaustion that can be targeted. Additionally, the emerging nanoparticle-based delivery systems were also reviewed. Moreover, we have discussed, in detail, nanoparticle-based immunotherapies that aim to reverse exhaustion, including targeting immune checkpoint blockades, remodeling the tumor microenvironment, and targeting the metabolism of exhausted T cells, etc. These data could aid in comprehending the immunopathogenesis of exhaustion and accomplishing the objective of preventing and treating chronic diseases or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Yahong Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.W.); (D.C.)
| | - Dandan Chen
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.W.); (D.C.)
| | - Yunjie Du
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
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13
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Dang BTN, Kwon TK, Lee S, Jeong JH, Yook S. Nanoparticle-based immunoengineering strategies for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2024; 365:773-800. [PMID: 38081328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a groundbreaking strategy that has revolutionized the field of oncology compared to other therapeutic strategies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. However, cancer complexity, tumor heterogeneity, and immune escape have become the main hurdles to the clinical application of immunotherapy. Moreover, conventional immunotherapies cause many harmful side effects owing to hyperreactivity in patients, long treatment durations and expensive cost. Nanotechnology is considered a transformative approach that enhances the potency of immunotherapy by capitalizing on the superior physicochemical properties of nanocarriers, creating highly targeted tissue delivery systems. These advantageous features include a substantial specific surface area, which enhances the interaction with the immune system. In addition, the capability to finely modify surface chemistry enables the achievement of controlled and sustained release properties. These advances have significantly increased the potential of immunotherapy, making it more powerful than ever before. In this review, we introduce recent nanocarriers for application in cancer immunotherapy based on strategies that target different main immune cells, including T cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. We also provide an overview of the role and significance of nanotechnology in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Simmyung Yook
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Kalyvianaki K, Salampasi EM, Katsoulieris EN, Boukla E, Vogiatzoglou AP, Notas G, Castanas E, Kampa M. 5-Oxo-ETE/OXER1: A Link between Tumor Cells and Macrophages Leading to Regulation of Migration. Molecules 2023; 29:224. [PMID: 38202807 PMCID: PMC10780139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an important factor in the development of cancer. Macrophages found in tumors, known as tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), are key players in this process, promoting tumor growth through humoral and cellular mechanisms. 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), an arachidonic acid metabolite, has been described to possess a potent chemoattractant activity for human white blood cells (WBCs). The biological actions of 5-oxo-ETE are mediated through the GPCR 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid receptor (OXER1). In addition, we have previously reported OXER1 as one of the membrane androgen receptors with testosterone antagonizing 5-oxo-ETE's actions. OXER1 is highly expressed in inflammatory cells and many normal and cancer tissues and cells, including prostate and breast cancer, promoting cancer cell survival. In the present study we investigate the expression and role of OXER1 in WBCs, THP-1 monocytes, and THP-1 derived macrophages, as well as its possible role in the interaction between macrophages and cancer cells (DU-145 and T47D). We report that OXER1 is differentially expressed between WBCs and macrophages and that receptor expression is modified by LPS treatment. Our results show that testosterone and 5-oxo-ETE can act in an antagonistic way affecting Ca2+ movements, migration, and cytokines' expression in immune-related cells, in a differentiation-dependent manner. Finally, we report that 5-oxo-ETE, through OXER1, can attract macrophages to the tumor site while tumor cells' OXER1 activation in DU-145 prostate and T47D breast cancer cells, by macrophages, induces actin cytoskeletal changes and increases their migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (K.K.); (E.M.S.); (E.N.K.); (E.B.); (A.P.V.); (G.N.)
| | - Marilena Kampa
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (K.K.); (E.M.S.); (E.N.K.); (E.B.); (A.P.V.); (G.N.)
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15
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Patysheva MR, Prostakishina EA, Budnitskaya AA, Bragina OD, Kzhyshkowska JG. Dual-Specificity Phosphatases in Regulation of Tumor-Associated Macrophage Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17542. [PMID: 38139370 PMCID: PMC10743672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of protein kinases by dephosphorylation is a key mechanism that defines the activity of immune cells. A balanced process of the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of key protein kinases by dual-specificity phosphatases is required for the realization of the antitumor immune response. The family of dual-specificity phosphatases is represented by several isoforms found in both resting and activated macrophages. The main substrate of dual-specificity phosphatases are three components of mitogen-activated kinase signaling cascades: the extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK1/2, p38, and Janus kinase family. The results of the study of model tumor-associated macrophages supported the assumption of the crucial role of dual-specificity phosphatases in the formation and determination of the outcome of the immune response against tumor cells through the selective suppression of mitogen-activated kinase signaling cascades. Since mitogen-activated kinases mostly activate the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and the antitumor function of macrophages, the excess activity of dual-specificity phosphatases suppresses the ability of tumor-associated macrophages to activate the antitumor immune response. Nowadays, the fundamental research in tumor immunology is focused on the search for novel molecular targets to activate the antitumor immune response. However, to date, dual-specificity phosphatases received limited discussion as key targets of the immune system to activate the antitumor immune response. This review discusses the importance of dual-specificity phosphatases as key regulators of the tumor-associated macrophage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R. Patysheva
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.R.P.); (E.A.P.); (A.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Elizaveta A. Prostakishina
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.R.P.); (E.A.P.); (A.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Arina A. Budnitskaya
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.R.P.); (E.A.P.); (A.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga D. Bragina
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Julia G. Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.R.P.); (E.A.P.); (A.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunosciences (MI3), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessen, 69117 Mannheim, Germany
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16
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Hadiloo K, Taremi S, Heidari M, Esmaeilzadeh A. The CAR macrophage cells, a novel generation of chimeric antigen-based approach against solid tumors. Biomark Res 2023; 11:103. [PMID: 38017494 PMCID: PMC10685521 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, adoptive cell therapy has many successes in cancer therapy, and this subject is brilliant in using chimeric antigen receptor T cells. The CAR T cell therapy, with its FDA-approved drugs, could treat several types of hematological malignancies and thus be very attractive for treating solid cancer. Unfortunately, the CAR T cell cannot be very functional in solid cancers due to its unique features. This treatment method has several harmful adverse effects that limit their applications, so novel treatments must use new cells like NK cells, NKT cells, and macrophage cells. Among these cells, the CAR macrophage cells, due to their brilliant innate features, are more attractive for solid tumor therapy and seem to be a better candidate for the prior treatment methods. The CAR macrophage cells have vital roles in the tumor microenvironment and, with their direct effect, can eliminate tumor cells efficiently. In addition, the CAR macrophage cells, due to being a part of the innate immune system, attended the tumor sites. With the high infiltration, their therapy modulations are more effective. This review investigates the last achievements in CAR-macrophage cells and the future of this immunotherapy treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Hadiloo
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Siavash Taremi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Heidari
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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17
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Yi M, Li T, Niu M, Mei Q, Zhao B, Chu Q, Dai Z, Wu K. Exploiting innate immunity for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:187. [PMID: 38008741 PMCID: PMC10680233 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment paradigms of various types of cancers. However, most of these immunomodulatory strategies focus on harnessing adaptive immunity, mainly by inhibiting immunosuppressive signaling with immune checkpoint blockade, or enhancing immunostimulatory signaling with bispecific T cell engager and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell. Although these agents have already achieved great success, only a tiny percentage of patients could benefit from immunotherapies. Actually, immunotherapy efficacy is determined by multiple components in the tumor microenvironment beyond adaptive immunity. Cells from the innate arm of the immune system, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and unconventional T cells, also participate in cancer immune evasion and surveillance. Considering that the innate arm is the cornerstone of the antitumor immune response, utilizing innate immunity provides potential therapeutic options for cancer control. Up to now, strategies exploiting innate immunity, such as agonists of stimulator of interferon genes, CAR-macrophage or -natural killer cell therapies, metabolic regulators, and novel immune checkpoint blockade, have exhibited potent antitumor activities in preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we summarize the latest insights into the potential roles of innate cells in antitumor immunity and discuss the advances in innate arm-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianye Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Mei
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Ajith A, Mamouni K, Horuzsko DD, Musa A, Dzutsev AK, Fang JR, Chadli A, Zhu X, Lebedyeva I, Trinchieri G, Horuzsko A. Targeting TREM1 augments antitumor T cell immunity by inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells and restraining anti-PD-1 resistance. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e167951. [PMID: 37651197 PMCID: PMC10617775 DOI: 10.1172/jci167951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 1 (TREM1) plays a critical role in development of chronic inflammatory disorders and the inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) associated with most solid tumors. We examined whether loss of TREM1 signaling can abrogate the immunosuppressive TME and enhance cancer immunity. To investigate the therapeutic potential of TREM1 in cancer, we used mice deficient in Trem1 and developed a novel small molecule TREM1 inhibitor, VJDT. We demonstrated that genetic or pharmacological TREM1 silencing significantly delayed tumor growth in murine melanoma (B16F10) and fibrosarcoma (MCA205) models. Single-cell RNA-Seq combined with functional assays during TREM1 deficiency revealed decreased immunosuppressive capacity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accompanied by expansion in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and increased PD-1 expression. Furthermore, TREM1 inhibition enhanced the antitumorigenic effect of anti-PD-1 treatment, in part, by limiting MDSC frequency and abrogating T cell exhaustion. In patient-derived melanoma xenograft tumors, treatment with VJDT downregulated key oncogenic signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Our work highlights the role of TREM1 in cancer progression, both intrinsically expressed in cancer cells and extrinsically in the TME. Thus, targeting TREM1 to modify an immunosuppressive TME and improve efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy represents what we believe to be a promising therapeutic approach to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Ajith
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kenza Mamouni
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel D. Horuzsko
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Abu Musa
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amiran K. Dzutsev
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Fang
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ahmed Chadli
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xingguo Zhu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Iryna Lebedyeva
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anatolij Horuzsko
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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19
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Ji ZZ, Chan MKK, Chan ASW, Leung KT, Jiang X, To KF, Wu Y, Tang PMK. Tumour-associated macrophages: versatile players in the tumour microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1261749. [PMID: 37965573 PMCID: PMC10641386 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1261749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are one of the pivotal components of the tumour microenvironment. Their roles in the cancer immunity are complicated, both pro-tumour and anti-cancer activities are reported, including not only angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, immunosuppression, drug resistance but also phagocytosis and tumour regression. Interestingly, TAMs are highly dynamic and versatile in solid tumours. They show anti-cancer or pro-tumour activities, and interplay between the tumour microenvironment and cancer stem cells and under specific conditions. In addition to the classic M1/M2 phenotypes, a number of novel dedifferentiation phenomena of TAMs are discovered due to the advanced single-cell technology, e.g., macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) and macrophage-neuron transition (MNT). More importantly, emerging information demonstrated the potential of TAMs on cancer immunotherapy, suggesting by the therapeutic efficiency of the checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor engineered cells based on macrophages. Here, we summarized the latest discoveries of TAMs from basic and translational research and discussed their clinical relevance and therapeutic potential for solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey Zeyuan Ji
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Max Kam-Kwan Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex Siu-Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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20
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Bakhtiyari M, Liaghat M, Aziziyan F, Shapourian H, Yahyazadeh S, Alipour M, Shahveh S, Maleki-Sheikhabadi F, Halimi H, Forghaniesfidvajani R, Zalpoor H, Nabi-Afjadi M, Pornour M. The role of bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression: immune checkpoints, metabolic checkpoints, and signaling pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:252. [PMID: 37735675 PMCID: PMC10512514 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises a multifarious and heterogeneous array of illnesses characterized by the anomalous proliferation of myeloid cells in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). The BMM plays a pivotal role in promoting AML progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The immune checkpoints (ICs) and metabolic processes are the key players in this process. In this review, we delineate the metabolic and immune checkpoint characteristics of the AML BMM, with a focus on the roles of BMM cells e.g. tumor-associated macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, metabolic profiles and related signaling pathways. We also discuss the signaling pathways stimulated in AML cells by BMM factors that lead to AML progression. We then delve into the roles of immune checkpoints in AML angiogenesis, metastasis, and cell proliferation, including co-stimulatory and inhibitory ICs. Lastly, we discuss the potential therapeutic approaches and future directions for AML treatment, emphasizing the potential of targeting metabolic and immune checkpoints in AML BMM as prognostic and therapeutic targets. In conclusion, the modulation of these processes through the use of directed drugs opens up new promising avenues in combating AML. Thereby, a comprehensive elucidation of the significance of these AML BMM cells' metabolic and immune checkpoints and signaling pathways on leukemic cells can be undertaken in the future investigations. Additionally, these checkpoints and cells should be considered plausible multi-targeted therapies for AML in combination with other conventional treatments in AML. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bakhtiyari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Liaghat
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooriyeh Shapourian
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sheida Yahyazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maedeh Alipour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Shahveh
- American Association of Naturopath Physician (AANP), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fahimeh Maleki-Sheikhabadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Halimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Razieh Forghaniesfidvajani
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Pornour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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21
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Zheng J, Jiang J, Pu Y, Xu T, Sun J, Zhang Q, He L, Liang X. Tumor-associated macrophages in nanomaterial-based anti-tumor therapy: as target spots or delivery platforms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1248421. [PMID: 37654704 PMCID: PMC10466823 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1248421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has emerged as a promising approach in cancer therapy. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the field of nanomedicines targeting TAMs. According to the crucial role of TAMs in tumor progression, strategies to inhibit macrophage recruitment, suppress TAM survival, and transform TAM phenotypes are discussed as potential therapeutic avenues. To enhance the targeting capacity of nanomedicines, various approaches such as the use of ligands, immunoglobulins, and short peptides are explored. The utilization of live programmed macrophages, macrophage cell membrane-coated nanoparticles and macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles as drug delivery platforms is also highlighted, offering improved biocompatibility and prolonged circulation time. However, challenges remain in achieving precise targeting and controlled drug release. The heterogeneity of TAMs and the variability of surface markers pose hurdles in achieving specific recognition. Furthermore, the safety and clinical applicability of these nanomedicines requires further investigation. In conclusion, nanomedicines targeting TAMs hold great promise in cancer therapy, offering enhanced specificity and reduced side effects. Addressing the existing limitations and expanding our understanding of TAM biology will pave the way for the successful translation of these nano-therapies into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yicheng Pu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingrui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiantong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Wróblewska A, Szczygieł A, Szermer-Olearnik B, Pajtasz-Piasecka E. Macrophages as Promising Carriers for Nanoparticle Delivery in Anticancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4521-4539. [PMID: 37576466 PMCID: PMC10422973 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s421173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a critical role in the immune response due to their ability to recognize and remove pathogens, as well as present antigens, which are involved in inflammation, but they are also one of the most abundant immune cell populations present in the tumor microenvironment. In recent years, macrophages have become promising cellular carriers for drug and nanoparticle delivery to the tumor microenvironment, mainly due to their natural properties such as biocompatibility, degradability, lack of immunogenicity, long half-life in circulation, crossing biological barriers, and the possibility of migration and accumulation at a site of inflammation such as a tumor. For the effectiveness of this therapeutic strategy, known as "Trojan horse", it is important that the nanoparticles engulfed by macrophages do not affect their proper functioning. In our review, we discussed how the size, shape, chemical and mechanical properties of nanoparticles influence their internalization by macrophages. In addition, we described the promising research utilizing macrophages, their cell membranes and macrophage-derived exosomes as drug carriers in anticancer therapy. As a prospect of the wider use of this therapeutic strategy, we postulate its future application in boron delivery to the tumor environment in boron neutron capture therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wróblewska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szczygieł
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bożena Szermer-Olearnik
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pajtasz-Piasecka
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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23
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Torres GM, Jarnagin HC, Park C, Yang H, Kosarek NN, Bhandari R, Wang CY, Kolling FW, Whitfield ML, Turk MJ, Liby KT, Pioli PA. CDDO-Methyl Ester Inhibits BRAF Inhibitor Resistance and Remodels the Myeloid Compartment in BRAF-mutant Melanoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.01.551524. [PMID: 37577680 PMCID: PMC10418171 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.01.551524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 50% of advanced melanomas harbor activating BRAF V600E mutations that are sensitive to BRAF inhibition. However, the duration of the response to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) has been limited due to the development of acquired resistance, which is preceded by recruitment of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and regulatory T cells (T regs ). While the addition of MAPK/ERK kinase 1 inhibitors (MEKi) prolongs therapeutic response to BRAF inhibition, most patients still develop resistance. Using a Braf V600E/+ /Pten -/- graft mouse model of melanoma, we now show that the addition of the methyl ester of the synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (C-Me) to the BRAFi vemurafenib analog PLX4720 at resistance significantly reduces tumor burden. Dual treatment remodels the BRAFi resistant-tumor microenvironment (TME), reducing infiltration of T regs and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), and attenuates immunosuppressive cytokine production. For the first time, we characterize myeloid populations using scRNA-seq in BRAFi-resistant tumors and demonstrate that restoration of therapeutic response is associated with significant changes in immune-activated myeloid subset representation. Collectively, these studies suggest that C-Me inhibits acquired resistance to BRAFi. Use of C-Me in combination with other therapies may both inhibit melanoma growth and enhance therapeutic responsiveness more broadly.
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24
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Almeida AF, Miranda MS, Vinhas A, Rodrigues MT, Gomes ME. Contactless Resolution of Inflammatory Signals in Tailored Macrophage-Based Cell Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37527508 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanotechnology-based microRNA (miR) therapeutic platforms have shown great promise for immunotherapy and tissue regeneration, despite the unmet challenge of achieving efficient and safe delivery of miRs. The transport of miRs offers precision and regulatory value for a myriad of biological processes and pathways, including the control of macrophage (Mφ) functions and, consequently, the inflammatory cascades Mφ are involved in. Thus, enforcement of Mφ can boost the regenerative process and provide new solutions for diverse chronic pathologies. In this study, we sought to develop a magnetically guided transporter to deliver an miR-155 antagonist to M1-primed Mφ. Furthermore, we determined its modulatory effect in reprogramming Mφ from inflammatory to pro-regenerative phenotypes, with the aim of tissue healing and regenerative medicine approaches. This strategy combines contactless and high-precision control of Mφ, anticipating new functional miR carriers for targeted strategies controlled by extracorporeal action. The magnetoplexes SPION@PEI-miR were efficiently delivered into Mφ without compromising cell viability and successfully induced miR-mediated gene silencing by enhancing the expression of anti-inflammatory markers (IL4 and IL10) and the production of M2φ-related markers (CD206 and IL4). Given its multimodal features, SPION@PEI-miR represents a simple, safe, and nonviral theranostic platform that enables imaging, tracking, and miR delivery with modulatory effects on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Almeida
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Margarida S Miranda
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Adriana Vinhas
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Márcia T Rodrigues
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
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25
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Yang YL, Yang F, Huang ZQ, Li YY, Shi HY, Sun Q, Ma Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yang S, Zhao GR, Xu FH. T cells, NK cells, and tumor-associated macrophages in cancer immunotherapy and the current state of the art of drug delivery systems. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199173. [PMID: 37457707 PMCID: PMC10348220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system provides full protection for the body by specifically identifying 'self' and removing 'others'; thus protecting the body from diseases. The immune system includes innate immunity and adaptive immunity, which jointly coordinate the antitumor immune response. T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main tumor-killing immune cells active in three antitumor immune cycle. Cancer immunotherapy focusses on activating and strengthening immune response or eliminating suppression from tumor cells in each step of the cancer-immunity cycle; thus, it strengthens the body's immunity against tumors. In this review, the antitumor immune cycles of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are discussed. Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules in the three activity cycles and the development of drugs and delivery systems targeting these molecules are emphasized, and the current state of the art of drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-long Yang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuan-qing Huang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-yuan Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-yuan Shi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Biotherapeutic, The First Medical Centre, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Chinese People’s Armed Police Force Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-ren Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-hua Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
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26
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Eslami M, Azizi Jalilian F, Najafi R, Mahdavinezhad A, Amini R. Promising Modulatory Effects of Cenicriviroc on the Progression of Mouse Colorectal Cancer through Inhibition of CCR2_CCL2 Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:5993866. [PMID: 37325423 PMCID: PMC10264134 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5993866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to assay the efficacy of cenicriviroc (CVC) on the progression of mouse colorectal cancer by downregulation of CCR2_CCL2. In this study, CVC was used to inhibit the CCR2 receptor. Next, an MTT assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of CVC on the CT26 cell line. CT26 cells were implanted subcutaneously in BALB/c mice. After tumor implantation, one group of animals received 20 mg/kg of CVC several times. The mRNA levels of CCR2, CCL2, VEGF, NF-κB, c-Myc, vimentin, and IL33 were determined in the CT26 cell line and then tumor tissues (after 21 days), by qRT-PCR. Protein levels of the above-mentioned targets were determined by western blot and ELISA. Flow cytometry was performed to assess the changes in apoptosis. Tumor growth inhibition was measured on the 1st, 7th, and 21st days after the first treatment. In both cell line and tumor cells treated with CVC, expression levels of the markers of our interest in mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced compared to controls. A significantly higher apoptotic index was observed in CVC-treated groups. The rates of tumor growth were significantly decreased on the 7th and 21st days after the first injection. To our knowledge, this was the first time that we demonstrated the promising effect of CVC on the development of CRC through inhibition of the CCR2_CCL2 signaling and its downstream biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Eslami
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farid Azizi Jalilian
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Mahdavinezhad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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27
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Timperi E, Romano E. Stromal circuits involving tumor-associated macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194642. [PMID: 37342322 PMCID: PMC10277481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor associated macrophages (TAM) represent one of most abundant subpopulations across several solid cancers and their number/frequency is associated with a poor clinical outcome. It has been clearly demonstrated that stromal cells, such as the cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), may orchestrate TAM recruitment, survival and reprogramming. Today, single cell-RNA sequencing (sc-RNA seq) technologies allowed a more granular knowledge about TAMs and CAFs phenotypical and functional programs. In this mini-review we discuss the recent discoveries in the sc-RNA seq field focusing on TAM and CAF identity and their crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Timperi
- Department of Immunology, INSERM U932, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Emanuela Romano
- Department of Immunology, INSERM U932, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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28
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Tadepalli S, Clements DR, Saravanan S, Hornero RA, Lüdtke A, Blackmore B, Paulo JA, Gottfried-Blackmore A, Seong D, Park S, Chan L, Kopecky BJ, Liu Z, Ginhoux F, Lavine KJ, Murphy JP, Mack M, Graves EE, Idoyaga J. Rapid recruitment and IFN-I-mediated activation of monocytes dictate focal radiotherapy efficacy. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd7446. [PMID: 37294749 PMCID: PMC10340791 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add7446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recruitment of monocytes and their differentiation into immunosuppressive cells is associated with the low efficacy of preclinical nonconformal radiotherapy (RT) for tumors. However, nonconformal RT (non-CRT) does not mimic clinical practice, and little is known about the role of monocytes after RT modes used in patients, such as conformal RT (CRT). Here, we investigated the acute immune response induced by after CRT. Contrary to non-CRT approaches, we found that CRT induces a rapid and robust recruitment of monocytes to the tumor that minimally differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages or dendritic cells but instead up-regulate major histocompatibility complex II and costimulatory molecules. We found that these large numbers of infiltrating monocytes are responsible for activating effector polyfunctional CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes that reduce tumor burden. Mechanistically, we show that monocyte-derived type I interferon is pivotal in promoting monocyte accumulation and immunostimulatory function in a positive feedback loop. We also demonstrate that monocyte accumulation in the tumor microenvironment is hindered when RT inadvertently affects healthy tissues, as occurs in non-CRT. Our results unravel the immunostimulatory function of monocytes during clinically relevant modes of RT and demonstrate that limiting the exposure of healthy tissues to radiation has a positive therapeutic effect on the overall antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirimuvva Tadepalli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Derek R. Clements
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sanjana Saravanan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Rebeca Arroyo Hornero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Anja Lüdtke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Beau Blackmore
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andres Gottfried-Blackmore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - David Seong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
| | - Soyoon Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Leslie Chan
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Kopecky
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, Bâtiment de Médecine Moléculaire, Villejuif 94800, France
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John Patrick Murphy
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Edward E. Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
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29
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Blavier L, Nakata R, Neviani P, Sharma K, Shimada H, Benedicto A, Matei I, Lyden D, DeClerck YA. The capture of extracellular vesicles endogenously released by xenotransplanted tumours induces an inflammatory reaction in the premetastatic niche. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12326. [PMID: 37194998 PMCID: PMC10190125 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The capture of tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) by cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME) contributes to metastasis and notably to the formation of the pre-metastatic niche (PMN). However, due to the challenges associated with modelling release of small EVs in vivo, the kinetics of PMN formation in response to endogenously released TEVs have not been examined. Here, we have studied the endogenous release of TEVs in mice orthotopically implanted with metastatic human melanoma (MEL) and neuroblastoma (NB) cells releasing GFP-tagged EVs (GFTEVs) and their capture by host cells to demonstrate the active contribution of TEVs to metastasis. Human GFTEVs captured by mouse macrophages in vitro resulted in transfer of GFP vesicles and the human exosomal miR-1246. Mice orthotopically implanted with MEL or NB cells showed the presence of TEVs in the blood between 5 and 28 days after implantation. Moreover, kinetic analysis of TEV capture by resident cells relative to the arrival and outgrowth of TEV-producing tumour cells in metastatic organs demonstrated that the capture of TEVs by lung and liver cells precedes the homing of metastatic tumour cells, consistent with the critical roles of TEVs in PMN formation. Importantly, TEV capture at future sites of metastasis was associated with the transfer of miR-1246 to lung macrophages, liver macrophages, and stellate cells. This is the first demonstration that the capture of endogenously released TEVs is organotropic as demonstrated by the presence of TEV-capturing cells only in metastatic organs and their absence in non-metastatic organs. The capture of TEVs in the PMN induced dynamic changes in inflammatory gene expression which evolved to a pro-tumorigenic reaction as the niche progressed to the metastatic state. Thus, our work describes a novel approach to TEV tracking in vivo that provides additional insights into their role in the earliest stages of metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Blavier
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow TransplantationUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsKeck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rie Nakata
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow TransplantationUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsKeck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paolo Neviani
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow TransplantationUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsKeck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Khounish Sharma
- Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Departments of Pathology and PediatricsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aitor Benedicto
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and NursingUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Irina Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yves A. DeClerck
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow TransplantationUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsKeck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Tada A, Minami T, Kitai H, Higashiguchi Y, Tokuda M, Higashiyama T, Negi Y, Horio D, Nakajima Y, Otsuki T, Mikami K, Takahashi R, Nakamura A, Kitajima K, Ohmuraya M, Kuribayashi K, Kijima T. Combination therapy with anti-programmed cell death 1 antibody plus angiokinase inhibitor exerts synergistic antitumor effect against malignant mesothelioma via tumor microenvironment modulation. Lung Cancer 2023; 180:107219. [PMID: 37146474 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-related fatal malignant neoplasm. Although there has been no reliable chemotherapeutic regimen other than combination therapy of cisplatin and pemetrexed for two decades, combination of ipilimumab plus nivolumab brought about a better outcome in patients with MPM. Thus, cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is expected to play a central role in the treatment of MPM. To maximize the antitumor effect of ICI, we evaluated whether nintedanib, an antiangiogenic agent, could augment the antitumor effect of anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody (Ab). Although nintedanib could not inhibit the proliferation of mesothelioma cells in vitro, it significantly suppressed the growth of mesothelioma allografts in mice. Moreover, combination therapy with anti-PD-1 Ab plus nintedanib reduced tumor burden more dramatically compared with nintedanib monotherapy via inducing remarkable necrosis in MPM allografts. Nintedanib did not promote the infiltration of CD8+ T cells within the tumor when used alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 Ab but it independently decreased the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis and ex vivo study using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) showed that nintedanib could polarize TAMs from M2 to M1 phenotype. These results indicated that nintedanib had a potential to suppress protumor activity of TAMs both numerically and functionally. On the other hand, ex vivo study revealed that nintedanib upregulated the expression of PD-1 and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in BMDMs and mesothelioma cells, respectively, and exhibited the impairment of phagocytic activity of BMDMs against mesothelioma cells. Co-administration of anti-PD-1 Ab may reactivate phagocytic activity of BMDMs by disrupting nintedanib-induced immunosuppressive signal via binding between PD-1 on BMDMs and PD-L1 on mesothelioma cells. Collectively, combination therapy of anti-PD-1 Ab plus nintedanib enhances the antitumor activity compared with respective monotherapy and can become a novel therapeutic option for patients with MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Tada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Minami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Hidemi Kitai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoko Higashiguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Tokuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Higashiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Negi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Horio
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Taiichiro Otsuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koji Mikami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryo Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Nakamura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kitajima
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kozo Kuribayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kijima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Jain N, Srinivasarao DA, Famta P, Shah S, Vambhurkar G, Shahrukh S, Singh SB, Srivastava S. The portrayal of macrophages as tools and targets: A paradigm shift in cancer management. Life Sci 2023; 316:121399. [PMID: 36646378 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play a major role in maintaining an organism's physiology, such as development, homeostasis, tissue repair, and immunity. These immune cells are known to be involved in tumor progression and modulation. Monocytes can be polarized to two types of macrophages (M1 macrophages and pro-tumor M2 macrophages). Through this article, we aim to emphasize the potential of targeting macrophages in order to improve current strategies for tumor management. Various strategies that target macrophages as a therapeutic target have been discussed along with ongoing clinical trials. We have discussed the role of macrophages in various stages of tumor progression epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, maintaining the stability of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood, and establishing a premetastatic niche along with the role of various cytokines and chemokines involved in these processes. Intriguingly macrophages can also serve as drug carriers due to their tumor tropism along the chemokine gradient. They surpass currently explored nanotherapeutics in tumor accumulation and circulation half-life. We have emphasized on macrophage-based biomimetic formulations and macrophage-hitchhiking as a strategy to effectively target tumors. We firmly believe that targeting macrophages or utilizing them as an indigenous carrier system could transform cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naitik Jain
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dadi A Srinivasarao
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Syed Shahrukh
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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32
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Tang Z, Gu Y, Shi Z, Min L, Zhang Z, Zhou P, Luo R, Wang Y, Cui Y, Sun Y, Wang X. Multiplex immune profiling reveals the role of serum immune proteomics in predicting response to preoperative chemotherapy of gastric cancer. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100931. [PMID: 36724786 PMCID: PMC9975277 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Responses toward preoperative chemotherapy are heterogeneous in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Existing studies in the field focus heavily on the tumor microenvironment (TME), whereas little is known about the relationship between systemic immunity and chemotherapy response. In this study, we collect serum samples from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma before, on, and after preoperative chemotherapy and study their immune proteomics using an antibody-based proteomics panel. We also collect surgically resected tumor samples and incorporate multiple methods to assess their TME. We find that both local and systemic immune features are associated with treatment response. Preoperative chemotherapy induces a sophisticated systemic immune response indicated by dynamic serum immune proteomics. A pretreatment serum protein scoring system is established for response prediction. Together, these findings highlight the fundamental but largely underestimated role of systemic immunity in the treatment of gastric cancer, suggesting a patient stratification strategy based on pretreatment serum immune proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Gastric Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhongyi Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingqiang Min
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongkui Luo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuehong Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yihong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Gastric Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Gastric Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Seto-Tetsuo F, Arioka M, Miura K, Inoue T, Igawa K, Tomooka K, Sasaguri T. DIF-1 exhibits anticancer activity in breast cancer via inhibition of CXCLs/CXCR2 axis-mediated communication between cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109913. [PMID: 36812674 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME), largely composed of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), plays a key role in cancer progression. A small molecule, differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1) secreted by Dictyostelium discoideum, is known to exhibit anticancer activity; however, its effect on the TME remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of DIF-1 on the TME using mouse triple-negative breast cancer 4T1-GFP cells, mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, and mouse primary dermal fibroblasts (DFBs). Polarization of 4T1 cell-conditioned medium-induced macrophage into TAMs was not affected by DIF-1. In contrast, DIF-1 decreased 4T1 cell co-culturing-induced C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL5, and CXCL7 expression in DFBs and suppressed DFB differentiation into CAF-like cells. Additionally, DIF-1 inhibited C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) expression in 4T1 cells. Immunohistochemical analyses of tumor tissue samples excised from breast cancer-bearing mice showed that DIF-1 did not affect the number of CD206-positive TAMs; however, it decreased the number of α-smooth muscle actin-positive CAFs and CXCR2 expression. These results indicated that the anticancer effect of DIF-1 was partially attributed to the inhibition of CXCLs/CXCR2 axis-mediated communication between breast cancer cells and CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Seto-Tetsuo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Oral Infection, Graduate School of Biochemical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Masaki Arioka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Koichi Miura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Takeru Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kazunobu Igawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Tomooka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Sasaguri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Abstract
Tumour progression is modulated by the local microenvironment. This environment is populated by many immune cells, of which macrophages are among the most abundant. Clinical correlative data and a plethora of preclinical studies in mouse models of cancers have shown that tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a cancer-promoting role. Within the primary tumour, TAMs promote tumour cell invasion and intravasation and tumour stem cell viability and induce angiogenesis. At the metastatic site, metastasis-associated macrophages promote extravasation, tumour cell survival and persistent growth, as well as maintain tumour cell dormancy in some contexts. In both the primary and metastatic sites, TAMs are suppressive to the activities of cytotoxic T and natural killer cells that have the potential to eradicate tumours. Such activities suggest that TAMs will be a major target for therapeutic intervention. In this Perspective article, we chronologically explore the evolution of our understanding of TAM biology put into the context of major enabling advances in macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC-Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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35
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Sadeghirad H, Bahrami T, Layeghi SM, Yousefi H, Rezaei M, Hosseini-Fard SR, Radfar P, Warkiani ME, O'Byrne K, Kulasinghe A. Immunotherapeutic targets in non-small cell lung cancer. Immunology 2023; 168:256-272. [PMID: 35933597 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of cancer in the world and has a 5-year survival rate of ~20%. Immunotherapies have shown promising results leading to durable responses, however, they are only effective for a subset of patients. To determine the best therapeutic approach, a thorough and in-depth profiling of the tumour microenvironment (TME) is required. The TME is a complex network of cell types that form an interconnected network, promoting tumour cell initiation, growth and dissemination. The stroma, immune cells and endothelial cells that comprise the TME generate a plethora of cytotoxic or cytoprotective signalling pathways. In this review, we discuss immunotherapeutic targets in NSCLC tumours and how the TME may influence patients' response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Sadeghirad
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tayyeb Bahrami
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sepideh M Layeghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Meysam Rezaei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Seyed R Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payar Radfar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Majid E Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ken O'Byrne
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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36
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Disruption of CCL2 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells as an Anti-Tumor Approach against Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020441. [PMID: 36672395 PMCID: PMC9857005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MSCs are known to secrete abundant CCL2, which plays a crucial role in recruiting TAMs, promoting tumor progression. It is important to know whether disrupting MSC-derived CCL2 affects tumor growth. METHODS Murine bone marrow-derived MSCs were characterized by their surface markers and differentiation abilities. Proliferation and migration assays were performed in order to evaluate the functions of MSCs on cancer cells. CCL2 expression in MSCs was reduced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or completely disrupted by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (KO) approaches. An immune-competent syngeneic murine model of prostate cancer was applied in order to assess the role of tumor cell- and MSC-derived CCL2. The tumor microenvironment was analyzed to monitor the immune profile. RESULTS We confirmed that tumor cell-derived CCL2 was crucial for tumor growth and MSCs migration. CCL2 KO MSCs inhibited the migration of the monocyte/macrophage but not the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro. However, the mice co-injected with tumor cells and CCL2 KO MSCs exhibited anti-tumor effects when compared with those given tumor cell alone and with control MSCs, partly due to increased infiltration of CD45+CD11b+Ly6G- mononuclear myeloid cells. CONCLUSIONS Disruption of MSC-derived CCL2 enhances anti-tumor functions in an immune-competent syngeneic mouse model for prostate cancer.
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Li R, Huang B, Tian H, Sun Z. Immune evasion in esophageal squamous cell cancer: From the perspective of tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1096717. [PMID: 36698392 PMCID: PMC9868934 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1096717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most life-threatening malignancies worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the dominant subtype, accounting for approximately 90% of new incident EC each year. Although multidisciplinary treatment strategies have advanced rapidly, patients with ESCC are often diagnosed at advanced stage and the long-term prognosis remains unsatisfactory. In recent decades, immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), tumor vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, has been successfully used in clinical practice as a novel therapy for treating tumors, bringing new hope to ESCC patients. However, only a small fraction of patients achieved clinical benefits due to primary or acquired resistance. Immune evasion plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of ESCC. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which ESCC cells escape from anti-tumor immunity is necessary for a more effective multidisciplinary treatment strategy. It has been widely recognized that immune evasion is closely associated with the crosstalk between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). TME is a dynamic complex and comprehensive system including not only cellular components but also non-cellular components, which influence hallmarks and fates of tumor cells from the outside. Novel immunotherapy targeting tumor-favorable TME represents a promising strategy to achieve better therapeutic responses for patients with ESCC. In this review, we provide an overview of immune evasion in ESCC, mainly focusing on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the role of TME in immune evasion of ESCC. In addition, we also discuss the challenges and opportunities of precision therapy for ESCC by targeting TME.
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Gorvel L, Olive D. Tumor associated macrophage in HPV + tumors: Between immunosuppression and inflammation. Semin Immunol 2023; 65:101671. [PMID: 36459926 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, with the rise of immunotherapies, tumor infiltrating immune cells were increasingly investigated. Indeed, they may represent biomarkers for patient outcome prediction, they may bear immune checkpoint markers that can be targeted by therapeutic antibodies and mechanistic studies may reveal how to tweak their activation profile so that we can re-direct them towards tumor cells. Macrophages possess a central place in tissue homeostasis for tissue remodeling and cleaning, transformed cell elimination, phagocytosis and regulation of inflammation via cytokine production. All these functions allow the discovery of approaches to target Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs) using immunotherapies. Indeed, TAMs express known immune checkpoint markers such as PD-L1, CD40, Sirp-α and markers such as CD163, CD204, TREM2, TREM1 associated with prognosis. In the context of therapies TAM may participate to antibody dependent cell phagocytosis (ADCP) thanks to FCγ-Receptors. Here, we will review the recent literature on TAMs in the specific context of HPV+ tumors. Indeed, HPV infection of mucosal tissue may lead to head and neck, cervical, penile, anal and vaginal cancers. HPV+ tumors exhibit a higher immune cell infiltrate, which relies on inflammation, immunosuppression and anti-viral response. In this context, and considering the many functions on macrophages, we will show the versatility of TAMs in a tumor microenvironment with viral infection features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gorvel
- Tumor immunology laboratory, IBISA immunomonitoring platform, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Marseille, France.
| | - Daniel Olive
- Tumor immunology laboratory, IBISA immunomonitoring platform, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Marseille, France
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39
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Miao Y, Wang S, Zhang B, Liu L. Carbon dot-based nanomaterials: a promising future nano-platform for targeting tumor-associated macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133238. [PMID: 37205099 PMCID: PMC10186348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the internal environment that tumors depend on for survival and development. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as an important part of the tumor microenvironment, which plays a crucial role in the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of various malignant tumors and has immunosuppressant ability. With the development of immunotherapy, eradicating cancer cells by activating the innate immune system has yielded encouraging results, however only a minority of patients show a lasting response. Therefore, in vivo imaging of dynamic TAMs is crucial in patient-tailored immunotherapy to identify patients who will benefit from immunotherapy, monitor efficacy after treatment, and identify alternative strategies for non-responders. Meanwhile, developing nanomedicines based on TAMs-related antitumor mechanisms to effectively inhibit tumor growth is expected to become a promising research field. Carbon dots (CDs), as an emerging member of the carbon material family, exhibit unexpected superiority in fluorescence imaging/sensing, such as near infrared imaging, photostability, biocompatibility and low toxicity. Their characteristics naturally integrate therapy and diagnosis, and when CDs are combined with targeted chemical/genetic/photodynamic/photothermal therapeutic moieties, they are good candidates for targeting TAMs. We concentrate our discussion on the current learn of TAMs and describe recent examples of macrophage modulation based on carbon dot-associated nanoparticles, emphasizing the advantages of their multifunctional platform and their potential for TAMs theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lin Liu
- *Correspondence: Butian Zhang, ; Lin Liu,
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Macrophages as a Potential Immunotherapeutic Target in Solid Cancers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010055. [PMID: 36679900 PMCID: PMC9863216 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The revolution in cancer immunotherapy over the last few decades has resulted in a paradigm shift in the clinical care of cancer. Most of the cancer immunotherapeutic regimens approved so far have relied on modulating the adaptive immune system. In recent years, strategies and approaches targeting the components of innate immunity have become widely recognized for their efficacy in targeting solid cancers. Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune system, which can play a crucial role in the generation of anti-tumor immunity through their ability to phagocytose cancer cells and present tumor antigens to the cells of adaptive immunity. However, the macrophages that are recruited to the tumor microenvironment predominantly play pro-tumorigenic roles. Several strategies targeting pro-tumorigenic functions and harnessing the anti-tumorigenic properties of macrophages have shown promising results in preclinical studies, and a few of them have also advanced to clinical trials. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the pathobiology of TAMs and their role in the progression of solid malignancies. We discuss various mechanisms through which TAMs promote tumor progression, such as inflammation, genomic instability, tumor growth, cancer stem cell formation, angiogenesis, EMT and metastasis, tissue remodeling, and immunosuppression, etc. In addition, we also discuss potential therapeutic strategies for targeting TAMs and explore how macrophages can be used as a tool for next-generation immunotherapy for the treatment of solid malignancies.
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Tumor-Microenvironment Characterization of the MB49 Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder-Cancer Orthotopic Model towards New Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010123. [PMID: 36613562 PMCID: PMC9820528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillations for the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients can result in significant side effects and treatment failure. Immune checkpoint blockade and/or decreasing tumor-infiltrating myeloid suppressor cells may be alternative or complementary treatments. Here, we have characterized immune cell infiltration and chemoattractant molecules in mouse orthotopic MB49 bladder tumors. Our data show a 100-fold increase in CD45+ immune cells from day 5 to day 9 tumors including T cells and mainly myeloid cells. Both monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor-cells (M-MDSC) and polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC were strongly increased in day 9 tumors, with PMN-MDSC representing ca. 70% of the myeloid cells in day 12 tumors, while tumor associated macrophages (TAM) were only modestly increased. The kinetic of PD-L1 tumor expression correlated with published data from patients with PD-L1 expressing bladder tumors and with efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment, further validating the orthotopic MB49 bladder-tumor model as suitable for designing novel therapeutic strategies. Comparison of chemoattractants expression during MB49 bladder tumors grow highlighted CCL8 and CCL12 (CCR2-ligands), CCL9 and CCL6 (CCR-1-ligands), CXCL2 and CXCL5 (CXCR2-ligands), CXCL12 (CXCR4-ligand) and antagonist of C5/C5a as potential targets to decrease myeloid suppressive cells. Data obtained with a single CCR2 inhibitor however showed that the complex chemokine crosstalk would require targeting multiple chemokines for anti-tumor efficacy.
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Immune Checkpoint and Other Receptor-Ligand Pairs Modulating Macrophages in Cancer: Present and Prospects. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235963. [PMID: 36497444 PMCID: PMC9736575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint blocking, has become the primary anti-tumor treatment in recent years. However, the current immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is far from satisfactory. Macrophages are a key component of anti-tumor immunity as they are a common immune cell subset in tumor tissues and act as a link between innate and adaptive immunity. Hence, understanding the regulation of macrophage activation in tumor tissues by receptor-ligand interaction will provide promising macrophage-targeting strategies to complement current adaptive immunity-based immunotherapy and traditional anti-tumor treatment. This review aims to offer a systematic summary of the current advances in number, structure, expression, biological function, and interplay of immune checkpoint and other receptor-ligand between macrophages and tumor cells.
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Shojaee P, Mornata F, Deutsch A, Locati M, Hatzikirou H. The impact of tumor associated macrophages on tumor biology under the lens of mathematical modelling: A review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050067. [PMID: 36439180 PMCID: PMC9685623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review the role of mathematical modelling to elucidate the impact of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor progression and therapy design. We first outline the biology of TAMs, and its current application in tumor therapies, and their experimental methods that provide insights into tumor cell-macrophage interactions. We then focus on the mechanistic mathematical models describing the role of macrophages as drug carriers, the impact of macrophage polarized activation on tumor growth, and the role of tumor microenvironment (TME) parameters on the tumor-macrophage interactions. This review aims to identify the synergies between biological and mathematical approaches that allow us to translate knowledge on fundamental TAMs biology in addressing current clinical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Shojaee
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Federica Mornata
- Leukocyte Biology Lab, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andreas Deutsch
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Massimo Locati
- Leukocyte Biology Lab, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Haralampos Hatzikirou
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Mathematics Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Centre (HEIC), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Raza S, Rajak S, Tewari A, Gupta P, Chattopadhyay N, Sinha RA, Chakravarti B. Multifaceted role of chemokines in solid tumors: From biology to therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1105-1121. [PMID: 34979274 PMCID: PMC7613720 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are small secretory chemotactic cytokines that control the directed migration of immune cells. Chemokines are involved in both anti-and pro-tumorigenic immune responses. Accumulating evidence suggests that the balance between these responses is influenced by several factors such as the stage of tumorigenesis, immune cell activation, recruitment of immune activating or immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and chemokine receptor expression on effector and regulatory target cells. Cancer cells engage in a complex network with their TME components via several factors including growth factors, cytokines and chemokines that are critical for the growth of primary tumor and metastasis. However, chemokines show a multifaceted role in tumor progression including maintenance of stem-like properties, tumor cell proliferation/survival/senescence, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The heterogeneity of solid tumors in primary and metastatic cancers presents a challenge to the development of successful cancer therapy. Despite extensive research on how solid tumors escape immune cell-mediated anti-tumor response, finding an effective therapy for metastatic cancer still remains a challenge. This review discusses the multifarious roles of chemokines in solid tumors including various chemokine signaling pathways such as CXCL8-CXCR1/2, CXCL9, 10, 11-CXCR3, CXCR4-CXCL12, CCL(X)-CCR(X) in primary and metastatic cancers. We further discuss the novel therapeutic approaches that have been developed by major breakthroughs in chemokine research to treat cancer patients by the strategic blockade/activation of these signaling axes alone or in combination with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Raza
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Sangam Rajak
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Archana Tewari
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Rohit Anthony Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Bandana Chakravarti
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India.
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Mild dyslipidemia accelerates tumorigenesis through expansion of Ly6C hi monocytes and differentiation to pro-angiogenic myeloid cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5399. [PMID: 36104342 PMCID: PMC9475043 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share common risk factors such as dyslipidemia, obesity and inflammation. However, the role of pro-atherogenic environment and its associated low-grade inflammation in tumor progression remains underexplored. Here we show that feeding C57BL/6J mice with a non-obesogenic high fat high cholesterol diet (HFHCD) for two weeks to induce mild dyslipidemia, increases the pool of circulating Ly6Chi monocytes available for initial melanoma development, in an IL-1β-dependent manner. Descendants of circulating myeloid cells, which accumulate in the tumor microenvironment of mice under HFHCD, heighten pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive activities locally. Limiting myeloid cell accumulation or targeting VEGF-A production by myeloid cells decrease HFHCD-induced tumor growth acceleration. Reverting the HFHCD to a chow diet at the time of tumor implantation protects against tumor growth. Together, these data shed light on cross-disease communication between cardiovascular pathologies and cancer.
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CCL2 overexpression is associated with paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer cells via autocrine signaling and macrophage recruitment. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Mantovani A, Allavena P, Marchesi F, Garlanda C. Macrophages as tools and targets in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:799-820. [PMID: 35974096 PMCID: PMC9380983 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 239.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages are an essential component of the tumour microenvironment and have a role in the orchestration of angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodelling, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and immunosuppression, as well as in resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Conversely, when appropriately activated, macrophages can mediate phagocytosis of cancer cells and cytotoxic tumour killing, and engage in effective bidirectional interactions with components of the innate and adaptive immune system. Therefore, they have emerged as therapeutic targets in cancer therapy. Macrophage-targeting strategies include inhibitors of cytokines and chemokines involved in the recruitment and polarization of tumour-promoting myeloid cells as well as activators of their antitumorigenic and immunostimulating functions. Early clinical trials suggest that targeting negative regulators (checkpoints) of myeloid cell function indeed has antitumor potential. Finally, given the continuous recruitment of myelomonocytic cells into tumour tissues, macrophages are candidates for cell therapy with the development of chimeric antigen receptor effector cells. Macrophage-centred therapeutic strategies have the potential to complement, and synergize with, currently available tools in the oncology armamentarium. Macrophages can promote tumorigenesis and enhance the antitumour response. This Review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying the reprogramming of macrophages in the tumour microenvironment and provides an overview of macrophage-targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy. .,IRCCS- Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy. .,The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Paola Allavena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS- Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Marchesi
- IRCCS- Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS- Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Wu G, Chen M, Ren H, Sha X, He M, Ren K, Qi J, Lin F. AP3S1 is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated With an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Pan-Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:930933. [PMID: 35874816 PMCID: PMC9304770 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.930933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adaptor-related protein complex 3, sigma one subunit (AP3S1) is one of the encoding subunits of the adaptor complex AP-3. However, its role in various tumor types and relationship with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) remains unclear.Methods: AP3S1 expression was analyzed using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, UALCAN, and HPA databases. Then, we performed a systematic analysis of the genetic alterations, clinical features, and prognostic value of AP3S1 in pan-cancer. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were used to identify the signaling pathways associated with AP3S1. The correlation between immune cell infiltration and AP3S1 expression was analyzed using immune cell infiltration data from the ImmuCellAI, TIMER2, and a previous study. Finally, we analyzed the association of AP3S1 with tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and immune-related genes.Results: We found AP3S1 overexpression in most tumors and a significant association with low survival rates. GSEA and GSVA results show that AP3S1 is involved in tumor progression and associated with immune pathways in different tumor types. We also found that AP3S1 expression was positively correlated with the level of infiltration of immunosuppressive cells (tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, Tregs) and negatively correlated with immune killer cells, including NK cells and CD8+ T cells, in pan-cancer. The expression of AP3S1 could affect TMB and MSI in various cancers. In addition, AP3S1 was positively correlated with most immunosuppressive genes, including PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4, LAG3 and TIGIT in most cancer types.Conclusion: Our study reveals that AP3S1 is a potential pan-cancer oncogene and plays an essential role in tumorigenesis and cancer immunity. Elevated expression of AP3S1 indicates an immunosuppressive microenvironment and can be used as a potential prognostic biomarker and a target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gujie Wu
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mianxiong Chen
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hefei Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Sha
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Min He
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kuan Ren
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Juntao Qi
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Juntao Qi, ; Feng Lin,
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Juntao Qi, ; Feng Lin,
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Xie Y, Yang H, Yang C, He L, Zhang X, Peng L, Zhu H, Gao L. Role and Mechanisms of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:933666. [PMID: 35875135 PMCID: PMC9301190 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has revealed that many nontumor cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and leukocytes, are strongly involved in tumor progression. In hematological malignancies, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are considered to be an important component that promotes tumor growth and can be polarized into different phenotypes with protumor or antitumor roles. This Review emphasizes research related to the role and mechanisms of TAMs in hematological malignancies. TAMs lead to poor prognosis by influencing tumor progression at the molecular level, including nurturing cancer stem cells and laying the foundation for metastasis. Although detailed molecular mechanisms have not been clarified, TAMs may be a new therapeutic target in hematological disease treatment.
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50
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Pu Y, Ji Q. Tumor-Associated Macrophages Regulate PD-1/PD-L1 Immunosuppression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:874589. [PMID: 35592338 PMCID: PMC9110638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or anti-PD-ligand (L) 1 drugs, as classic immune checkpoint inhibitors, are considered promising treatment strategies for tumors. In clinical practice, some cancer patients experience drug resistance and disease progression in the process of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play key roles in regulating PD-1/PD-L1 immunosuppression by inhibiting the recruitment and function of T cells through cytokines, superficial immune checkpoint ligands, and exosomes. There are several therapies available to recover the anticancer efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors by targeting TAMs, including the inhibition of TAM differentiation and re-education of TAM activation. In this review, we will summarize the roles and mechanisms of TAMs in PD-1/PD-L1 blocker resistance. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapies that were designed to deplete TAMs, re-educate TAMs, and intervene with chemokines secreted by TAMs and exosomes from M1 macrophages, providing more potential options to improve the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhou Pu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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