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Mostafazadeh N, Peng Z. Microstructure-based nuclear lamina constitutive model. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024; 81:297-309. [PMID: 38345187 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear lamina is widely recognized as the most crucial component in providing mechanical stability to the nucleus. However, it is still a significant challenge to model the mechanics of this multilayered protein network. We developed a constitutive model of the nuclear lamina network based on its microstructure, which accounts for the deformation phases at the dimer level, as well as the orientational arrangement and density of lamin filaments. Instead of relying on homology modeling in the previous studies, we conducted molecular simulations to predict the force-extension response of a highly accurate lamin dimer structure obtained through X-ray diffraction crystallography experimentation. Furthermore, we devised a semiflexible worm-like chain extension-force model of lamin dimer as a substitute, incorporating phases of initial stretching, uncoiling of the dimer coiled-coil, and transition of secondary structures. Subsequently, we developed a 2D network continuum model for the nuclear lamina by using our extension-force lamin dimer model and derived stress resultants. By comparing with experimentally measured lamina modulus, we found that the lamina network has sharp initial strain-hardening behavior. This also enabled us to carry out finite element simulations of the entire nucleus with an accurate microstructure-based nuclear lamina model. Finally, we conducted simulations of transendothelial transmigration of a nucleus and investigated the impact of varying network density and uncoiling constants on the critical force required for successful transmigration. The model allows us to incorporate the microstructure characteristics of the nuclear lamina into the nucleus model, thereby gaining insights into how laminopathies and mutations affect nuclear mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Mostafazadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhangli Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Speirs ZC, Loynes CA, Mathiessen H, Elks PM, Renshaw SA, Jørgensen LVG. What can we learn about fish neutrophil and macrophage response to immune challenge from studies in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109490. [PMID: 38471626 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Fish rely, to a high degree, on the innate immune system to protect them against the constant exposure to potential pathogenic invasion from the surrounding water during homeostasis and injury. Zebrafish larvae have emerged as an outstanding model organism for immunity. The cellular component of zebrafish innate immunity is similar to the mammalian innate immune system and has a high degree of sophistication due to the needs of living in an aquatic environment from early embryonic stages of life. Innate immune cells (leukocytes), including neutrophils and macrophages, have major roles in protecting zebrafish against pathogens, as well as being essential for proper wound healing and regeneration. Zebrafish larvae are visually transparent, with unprecedented in vivo microscopy opportunities that, in combination with transgenic immune reporter lines, have permitted visualisation of the functions of these cells when zebrafish are exposed to bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, as well as during injury and healing. Recent findings indicate that leukocytes are even more complex than previously anticipated and are essential for inflammation, infection control, and subsequent wound healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë C Speirs
- The Bateson Centre, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Catherine A Loynes
- The Bateson Centre, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Heidi Mathiessen
- Laboratory of Experimental Fish Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Philip M Elks
- The Bateson Centre, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Stephen A Renshaw
- The Bateson Centre, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Louise von Gersdorff Jørgensen
- Laboratory of Experimental Fish Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C., Denmark.
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3
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Arya SB, Collie SP, Xu Y, Fernandez M, Sexton JZ, Mosalaganti S, Coulombe PA, Parent CA. Neutrophils secrete exosome-associated DNA to resolve sterile acute inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.21.590456. [PMID: 38712240 PMCID: PMC11071349 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.21.590456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Acute inflammation, characterized by a rapid influx of neutrophils, is a protective response that can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases when left unresolved. Secretion of LTB 4 -containing exosomes is required for effective neutrophil infiltration during inflammation. In this study, we show that neutrophils release nuclear DNA in a non-lytic, rapid, and repetitive manner, via a mechanism distinct from suicidal NET release and cell death. The packaging of nuclear DNA occurs in the lumen of nuclear envelope (NE)-derived multivesicular bodies (MVBs) that harbor the LTB 4 synthesizing machinery and is mediated by the lamin B receptor (LBR) and chromatin decondensation. Disruption of secreted exosome-associated DNA (SEAD) in a model of sterile inflammation in mouse skin amplifies and prolongs the presence of neutrophils, impeding the onset of resolution. Together, these findings advance our understanding of neutrophil functions during inflammation and the physiological significance of NETs, with implications for novel treatments for inflammatory disorders.
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4
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Meidrops K, Groma V, Goldins NR, Apine L, Skuja S, Svirskis S, Gudra D, Fridmanis D, Stradins P. Understanding Bartonella-Associated Infective Endocarditis: Examining Heart Valve and Vegetation Appearance and the Role of Neutrophilic Leukocytes. Cells 2023; 13:43. [PMID: 38201247 PMCID: PMC10778237 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocardium and cardiac valves undergo severe impact during infective endocarditis (IE), and the formation of vegetation places IE patients at a heightened risk of embolic complications and mortality. The relevant literature indicates that 50% of IE cases exhibit structurally normal cardiac valves, with no preceding history of heart valve disease. Gram-positive cocci emerge as the predominant causative microorganisms in IE, while Gram-negative Bartonella spp., persisting in the endothelium, follow pathogenic pathways distinct from those of typical IE-causing agents. Employing clinical as well as advanced microbiological and molecular assays facilitated the identification of causative pathogens, and various morphological methods were applied to evaluate heart valve damage, shedding light on the role of neutrophilic leukocytes in host defense. In this research, the immunohistochemical analysis of neutrophilic leukocyte activation markers such as myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, calprotectin, and histone H3, was performed. A distinct difference in the expression patterns of these markers was observed when comparing Bartonella spp.-caused and non-Bartonella spp.-caused IE. The markers exhibited significantly higher expression in non-Bartonella spp.-caused IE compared to Bartonella spp.-caused IE, and they were more prevalent in vegetation than in the valvular leaflets. Notably, the expression of these markers in all IE cases significantly differed from that in control samples. Furthermore, we advocated the use of 16S rRNA Next-Generation Sequencing on excised heart valves as an effective diagnostic tool for IE, particularly in cases where blood cultures yielded negative results. The compelling results achieved in this study regarding the enigmatic nature of Bartonella spp. IE's pathophysiology contribute significantly to our understanding of the peculiarities of inflammation and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristians Meidrops
- Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia (L.A.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Cardiac Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, 13 Pilsonu Street, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Valerija Groma
- Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia (L.A.); (P.S.)
- Joint Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Riga Stradins University, 9 Kronvalda Boulevard, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
| | - Niks Ricards Goldins
- Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia (L.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Lauma Apine
- Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia (L.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Sandra Skuja
- Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia (L.A.); (P.S.)
- Joint Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Riga Stradins University, 9 Kronvalda Boulevard, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
| | - Simons Svirskis
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Ratsupites Str. 5, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Dita Gudra
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (D.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Davids Fridmanis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (D.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Peteris Stradins
- Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia (L.A.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Cardiac Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, 13 Pilsonu Street, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
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5
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Wang M, Wang M, Li W, Liu Y, Qiu F. Single-cell detection of DMSO promoted HL-60 differentiation toward granulocyte based on DC-iDEP for medicine screening. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300073. [PMID: 37640006 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The most common form of leukemia in adults is acute leukemia. Drug differentiation control is an extremely critical treatment for acute leukemia. Unfortunately, current techniques detecting differentiation control experience long time and complex steps of verification hindering the pace of medicine discovery: flow cytometry and RT-PCR are highly accurate and efficient at a cost of inconvenient fluorescent labeling or a high risk of contamination; conventional staining leads to cell death unavailable for further pharmacological tests. There is a great interest in developing simple, fast, and non-invasive techniques to screen medicine. DC-iDEP is an emerging label-free identification technique taking advantage of the whole cell native biophysical property for sorting cell populations. Here, HL-60 cell line has been used as a model to study the differentiation process toward granulocytes and medicine efficacy. The results showed that DEP succeeded in detecting the DMSO promoted HL-60 differentiation degree by the weighted average characterization factor. This factor is related to the single cell biophysical property, which accumulates to generate differences in each population with distinct constitutions. Furthermore, cichoric acid was investigated to be capable of promoting DMSO-induced differentiation efficiently. Using the change induced by cichoric acid, the HL-60 medicine screening application has been first attempted based on DEP. A rapid, label-free medicine screening method has been established to monitor HL-60 differentiation toward granulocyte and has great potential for medicine screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yameng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- College of Pharmaceutical, Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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6
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Salafranca J, Ko JK, Mukherjee AK, Fritzsche M, van Grinsven E, Udalova IA. Neutrophil nucleus: shaping the past and the future. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:585-594. [PMID: 37480361 PMCID: PMC10673716 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune cells that are key to protecting the host against infection and maintaining body homeostasis. However, if dysregulated, they can contribute to disease, such as in cancer or chronic autoinflammatory disorders. Recent studies have highlighted the heterogeneity in the neutrophil compartment and identified the presence of immature neutrophils and their precursors in these pathologies. Therefore, understanding neutrophil maturity and the mechanisms through which they contribute to disease is critical. Neutrophils were first characterized morphologically by Ehrlich in 1879 using microscopy, and since then, different technologies have been used to assess neutrophil maturity. The advances in the imaging field, including state-of-the-art microscopy and machine learning algorithms for image analysis, reinforce the use of neutrophil nuclear morphology as a fundamental marker of maturity, applicable for objective classification in clinical diagnostics. New emerging approaches, such as the capture of changes in chromatin topology, will provide mechanistic links between the nuclear shape, chromatin organization, and transcriptional regulation during neutrophil maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Salafranca
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Build, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jacky Ka Ko
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Build, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ananda K Mukherjee
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Build, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Build, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Erinke van Grinsven
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Build, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Irina A Udalova
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Build, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
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7
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Metzemaekers M, Malengier-Devlies B, Gouwy M, De Somer L, Cunha FDQ, Opdenakker G, Proost P. Fast and furious: The neutrophil and its armamentarium in health and disease. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1537-1606. [PMID: 37036061 DOI: 10.1002/med.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are powerful effector cells leading the first wave of acute host-protective responses. These innate leukocytes are endowed with oxidative and nonoxidative defence mechanisms, and play well-established roles in fighting invading pathogens. With microbicidal weaponry largely devoid of specificity and an all-too-well recognized toxicity potential, collateral damage may occur in neutrophil-rich diseases. However, emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils are more versatile, heterogeneous, and sophisticated cells than initially thought. At the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity, neutrophils demonstrate their multifaceted functions in infectious and noninfectious pathologies including cancer, autoinflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Here, we discuss the kinetics of neutrophils and their products of activation from bench to bedside during health and disease, and provide an overview of the versatile functions of neutrophils as key modulators of immune responses and physiological processes. We focus specifically on those activities and concepts that have been validated with primary human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Malengier-Devlies
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien De Somer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) at the University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Santana-Sosa S, Matos-Perdomo E, Ayra-Plasencia J, Machín F. A Yeast Mitotic Tale for the Nucleus and the Vacuoles to Embrace. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9829. [PMID: 37372977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphology of the nucleus is roughly spherical in most eukaryotic cells. However, this organelle shape needs to change as the cell travels through narrow intercellular spaces during cell migration and during cell division in organisms that undergo closed mitosis, i.e., without dismantling the nuclear envelope, such as yeast. In addition, the nuclear morphology is often modified under stress and in pathological conditions, being a hallmark of cancer and senescent cells. Thus, understanding nuclear morphological dynamics is of uttermost importance, as pathways and proteins involved in nuclear shaping can be targeted in anticancer, antiaging, and antifungal therapies. Here, we review how and why the nuclear shape changes during mitotic blocks in yeast, introducing novel data that associate these changes with both the nucleolus and the vacuole. Altogether, these findings suggest a close relationship between the nucleolar domain of the nucleus and the autophagic organelle, which we also discuss here. Encouragingly, recent evidence in tumor cell lines has linked aberrant nuclear morphology to defects in lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Santana-Sosa
- Research Unit, University Hospital Ntra Sra de Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Emiliano Matos-Perdomo
- Research Unit, University Hospital Ntra Sra de Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Jessel Ayra-Plasencia
- Research Unit, University Hospital Ntra Sra de Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Félix Machín
- Research Unit, University Hospital Ntra Sra de Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa Canarias University, 35450 Santa María de Guía, Spain
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9
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Ovadia S, Özcan A, Hidalgo A. The circadian neutrophil, inside-out. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:555-566. [PMID: 36999376 PMCID: PMC10583762 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock has sway on a myriad of physiological targets, among which the immune and inflammatory systems are particularly prominent. In this review, we discuss how neutrophils, the wildcard of the immune system, are regulated by circadian oscillations. We describe cell-intrinsic and extrinsic diurnal mechanisms governing the general physiology and function of these cells, from purely immune to homeostatic. Repurposing the concepts discovered in other cell types, we then speculate on various uncharted avenues of neutrophil-circadian relationships, such as topology, metabolism, and the regulation of tissue clocks, with the hope of identifying exciting new avenues of work in the context of circadian immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ovadia
- Department of Immunobiology and Program of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
| | - Alaz Özcan
- Department of Immunobiology and Program of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Department of Immunobiology and Program of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
- Program of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
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10
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Sorrells MG, Seo Y, Magnen M, Broussard B, Sheybani R, Shah AM, O’Neal HR, Tse HTK, Looney MR, Di Carlo D. Biophysical Changes of Leukocyte Activation (and NETosis) in the Cellular Host Response to Sepsis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:1435. [PMID: 37189536 PMCID: PMC10138275 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, the leading cause of mortality in hospitals, currently lacks effective early diagnostics. A new cellular host response test, the IntelliSep test, may provide an indicator of the immune dysregulation characterizing sepsis. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between the measurements performed using this test and biological markers and processes associated with sepsis. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), an agonist of neutrophils known to induce neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, was added to whole blood of healthy volunteers at concentrations of 0, 200, and 400 nM and then evaluated using the IntelliSep test. Separately, plasma from a cohort of subjects was segregated into Control and Diseased populations and tested for levels of NET components (citrullinated histone (cit-H3) DNA and neutrophil elastase (NE) DNA) using customized ELISA assays and correlated with ISI scores from the same patient samples. Significant increases in IntelliSep Index (ISI) scores were observed with increasing concentrations of PMA in healthy blood (0 and 200: p < 10-10; 0 and 400: p < 10-10). Linear correlation was observed between the ISI and quantities of NE DNA and Cit-H3 DNA in patient samples. Together these experiments demonstrate that the IntelliSep test is associated with the biological processes of leukocyte activation and NETosis and may indicate changes consistent with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yurim Seo
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Melia Magnen
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bliss Broussard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA
| | | | | | - Hollis R. O’Neal
- LSU Health Sciences Center/Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | | | - Mark R. Looney
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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11
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Gungabeesoon J, Gort-Freitas NA, Kiss M, Bolli E, Messemaker M, Siwicki M, Hicham M, Bill R, Koch P, Cianciaruso C, Duval F, Pfirschke C, Mazzola M, Peters S, Homicsko K, Garris C, Weissleder R, Klein AM, Pittet MJ. A neutrophil response linked to tumor control in immunotherapy. Cell 2023; 186:1448-1464.e20. [PMID: 37001504 PMCID: PMC10132778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils accumulate in solid tumors, and their abundance correlates with poor prognosis. Neutrophils are not homogeneous, however, and could play different roles in cancer therapy. Here, we investigate the role of neutrophils in immunotherapy, leading to tumor control. We show that successful therapies acutely expanded tumor neutrophil numbers. This expansion could be attributed to a Sellhi state rather than to other neutrophils that accelerate tumor progression. Therapy-elicited neutrophils acquired an interferon gene signature, also seen in human patients, and appeared essential for successful therapy, as loss of the interferon-responsive transcription factor IRF1 in neutrophils led to failure of immunotherapy. The neutrophil response depended on key components of anti-tumor immunity, including BATF3-dependent DCs, IL-12, and IFNγ. In addition, we found that a therapy-elicited systemic neutrophil response positively correlated with disease outcome in lung cancer patients. Thus, we establish a crucial role of a neutrophil state in mediating effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Gungabeesoon
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Máté Kiss
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evangelia Bolli
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marius Messemaker
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie Siwicki
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mehdi Hicham
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ruben Bill
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Koch
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chiara Cianciaruso
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florent Duval
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christina Pfirschke
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Mazzola
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Solange Peters
- Service of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Krisztian Homicsko
- AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Garris
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allon M Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mikael J Pittet
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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12
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Hauser KA, Garvey CN, Popovic M, Grayfer L. Biology of amphibian granulocytes - From evolutionary pressures to functional consequences. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:104623. [PMID: 36563918 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Granulocyte-lineage cells are important innate immune effectors across all vertebrates. Named for conspicuous secretory granules, granulocytes have historically been studied for their antimicrobial roles. Although versions of these cells are found in all vertebrate species examined to date, disparate environmental and physiological pressures acting on distinct vertebrate classes have shaped many of the facets dictating granulocyte biology. Immune pressures further determine granulopoietic constraints, ultimately governing granulocyte functions. For amphibians that inhabit pathogen-rich aquatic environments for some or all their lives, their unique granulocyte biologies satisfy many of their antimicrobial needs. Amphibians also occupy an intermediate position in the evolution of vertebrate immune systems, using combinations of primitive (e.g., subcapsular liver) and more recently evolved (e.g., bone marrow) tissue sites for hematopoiesis and specifically, granulopoiesis. The last decade of research has revealed vertebrate granulocytes in general, and amphibian granulocytes in particular, are more complex than originally assumed. With dynamic leukocyte phenotypes, granulocyte-lineage cells are being acknowledged for their multifaceted roles beyond immunity in other physiological processes. Here we provide an overview of granulopoiesis in amphibians, highlight key differences in these processes compared to higher vertebrates, and identify open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Hauser
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, United States
| | - Christina N Garvey
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, United States
| | - Milan Popovic
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, United States
| | - Leon Grayfer
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, United States.
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13
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Tuning between Nuclear Organization and Functionality in Health and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050706. [PMID: 36899842 PMCID: PMC10000962 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The organization of eukaryotic genome in the nucleus, a double-membraned organelle separated from the cytoplasm, is highly complex and dynamic. The functional architecture of the nucleus is confined by the layers of internal and cytoplasmic elements, including chromatin organization, nuclear envelope associated proteome and transport, nuclear-cytoskeletal contacts, and the mechano-regulatory signaling cascades. The size and morphology of the nucleus could impose a significant impact on nuclear mechanics, chromatin organization, gene expression, cell functionality and disease development. The maintenance of nuclear organization during genetic or physical perturbation is crucial for the viability and lifespan of the cell. Abnormal nuclear envelope morphologies, such as invagination and blebbing, have functional implications in several human disorders, including cancer, accelerated aging, thyroid disorders, and different types of neuro-muscular diseases. Despite the evident interplay between nuclear structure and nuclear function, our knowledge about the underlying molecular mechanisms for regulation of nuclear morphology and cell functionality during health and illness is rather poor. This review highlights the essential nuclear, cellular, and extracellular components that govern the organization of nuclei and functional consequences associated with nuclear morphometric aberrations. Finally, we discuss the recent developments with diagnostic and therapeutic implications targeting nuclear morphology in health and disease.
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14
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Fragoso-Luna A, Askjaer P. The Nuclear Envelope in Ageing and Progeria. Subcell Biochem 2023; 102:53-75. [PMID: 36600129 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Development from embryo to adult, organismal homeostasis and ageing are consecutive processes that rely on several functions of the nuclear envelope (NE). The NE compartmentalises the eukaryotic cells and provides physical stability to the genetic material in the nucleus. It provides spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression by controlling nuclear import and hence access of transcription factors to target genes as well as organisation of the genome into open and closed compartments. In addition, positioning of chromatin relative to the NE is important for DNA replication and repair and thereby also for genome stability. We discuss here the relevance of the NE in two classes of age-related human diseases. Firstly, we focus on the progeria syndromes Hutchinson-Gilford (HGPS) and Nestor-Guillermo (NGPS), which are caused by mutations in the LMNA and BANF1 genes, respectively. Both genes encode ubiquitously expressed components of the nuclear lamina that underlines the nuclear membranes. HGPS and NGPS patients manifest symptoms of accelerated ageing and cells from affected individuals show similar defects as cells from healthy old donors, including signs of increased DNA damage and epigenetic alternations. Secondly, we describe how several age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease, are related with defects in nucleocytoplasmic transport. A common feature of this class of diseases is the accumulation of nuclear pore proteins and other transport factors in inclusions. Importantly, genetic manipulations of the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery can alleviate disease-related phenotypes in cell and animal models, paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Fragoso-Luna
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Peter Askjaer
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
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15
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Wang Y, Zhu CL, Li P, Liu Q, Li HR, Yu CM, Deng XM, Wang JF. The role of G protein-coupled receptor in neutrophil dysfunction during sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112196. [PMID: 36891309 PMCID: PMC9986442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection. It is a common and complex syndrome and is the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The lungs are most vulnerable to the challenge of sepsis, and the incidence of respiratory dysfunction has been reported to be up to 70%, in which neutrophils play a major role. Neutrophils are the first line of defense against infection, and they are regarded as the most responsive cells in sepsis. Normally, neutrophils recognize chemokines including the bacterial product N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), complement 5a (C5a), and lipid molecules Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), and enter the site of infection through mobilization, rolling, adhesion, migration, and chemotaxis. However, numerous studies have confirmed that despite the high levels of chemokines in septic patients and mice at the site of infection, the neutrophils cannot migrate to the proper target location, but instead they accumulate in the lungs, releasing histones, DNA, and proteases that mediate tissue damage and induce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This is closely related to impaired neutrophil migration in sepsis, but the mechanism involved is still unclear. Many studies have shown that chemokine receptor dysregulation is an important cause of impaired neutrophil migration, and the vast majority of these chemokine receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this review, we summarize the signaling pathways by which neutrophil GPCR regulates chemotaxis and the mechanisms by which abnormal GPCR function in sepsis leads to impaired neutrophil chemotaxis, which can further cause ARDS. Several potential targets for intervention are proposed to improve neutrophil chemotaxis, and we hope that this review may provide insights for clinical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Ru Li
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chang-Meng Yu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Deng
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Faculty of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Feng Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Kala M, Ahmad S, Dhebane M, Das K, Raturi M, Tyagi M, Kusum A. A Cross-Sectional Comparative Characterization of Hematological Changes in Patients with COVID-19 Infection, Non-COVID Influenza-like Illnesses and Healthy Controls. Viruses 2022; 15:134. [PMID: 36680172 PMCID: PMC9866193 DOI: 10.3390/v15010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have documented the role of the "neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio" (NLR) in influenza virus infection. In addition, morphometric parameters derived from automated analyzers on the volume, scatter and conductivity of monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes in many viral etiologies have helped with their early differentiation. With this background, we aimed to characterize the hematological changes of coronavirus-positive cases and also compare them with the healthy controls and patients affected by non-COVID Influenza-like illnesses so that early isolation could be considered. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional analytical study carried out in the years 2020-2022. All cases with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 Influenza-like illnesses and healthy controls above 18 years were included. Cases were diagnosed according to the WHO guidelines. All samples were processed on a Unicel DxH 800 (Beckman Coulter, California, USA) automated hematology analyzer. The demographic, clinical and regular hematological parameters along with additional parameters such as volume, conductivity and scatter (VCS) of the three groups were compared. RESULTS The 169 COVID-19 cases were in the moderate to severe category. Compared with 140 healthy controls, the majority of the routine hematological values including the NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) and PLR (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio) showed statistically significant differences. A cutoff of an absolute neutrophil count of 4350 cell/cumm was found to have a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 70% in differentiating moderate and severe COVID-19 cases from healthy controls. COVID-19 and the non-COVID-19 Influenza-like illnesses were similar statistically in all parameters except the PLR, mean neutrophilic and monocytic volume, scatter parameters in neutrophils, axial light loss in monocytes and NLR. Interestingly, there was a trend of higher mean volumes and scatter in neutrophils and monocytes in COVID-19 cases as compared to non-COVID-19 Influenza-like illnesses. CONCLUSION We demonstrated morphological changes in neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes in COVID-19 infection and also non-COVID-19 Influenza-like illnesses with the help of VCS parameters. A cutoff for the absolute neutrophils count was able to differentiate COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalization from healthy controls and eosinopenia was a characteristic finding in cases with COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Kala
- Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sohaib Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meghali Dhebane
- Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kunal Das
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manish Raturi
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meghna Tyagi
- Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anuradha Kusum
- Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
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17
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Mulder PP, Vlig M, Fasse E, Stoop MM, Pijpe A, van Zuijlen PP, Joosten I, Boekema BK, Koenen HJ. Burn-injured skin is marked by a prolonged local acute inflammatory response of innate immune cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1034420. [PMID: 36451819 PMCID: PMC9703075 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic and local immune response in burn patients is often extreme and derailed. As excessive inflammation can damage healthy tissues and slow down the healing process, modulation of inflammatory responses could limit complications and improve recovery. Due to its complexity, more detailed information on the immune effects of thermal injury is needed to improve patient outcomes. We therefore characterized and quantified subsets of immune cells and mediators present in human burn wound tissue (eschar), sampled at various time points. This study shows that after burn injury, the number of immune cells were persistently increased, unlike the normal wound healing process. There was an immediate, strong increase in neutrophils and a moderate increase in monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes, especially in the second and third week post burn. The percentage of classical (CD14highCD16-) monocytes/macrophages demonstrated a steady decrease over time, whereas the proportion of intermediate (CD14highCD16+) monocytes/macrophages slowly increased. The absolute numbers of T cells, NK cells and B cells increased up to week 3, while the fraction of γδ T cells was increased only in week 1. Secretome profiling revealed high levels of chemokines and an overall pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu in burn tissue. The local burn immune response shows similarities to the systemic immune reaction, but differs in neutrophil maturity and lymphocyte composition. Altogether, the neutrophil surges, high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and limited immunosuppression might be key factors that prolong the inflammation phase and delay the wound healing process in burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P.G. Mulder
- Preclinical & Clinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Vlig
- Preclinical & Clinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, Netherlands
| | - Esther Fasse
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Matthea M. Stoop
- Burn Center & Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, Netherlands
| | - Anouk Pijpe
- Preclinical & Clinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, Netherlands
- Burn Center & Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, Netherlands
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences (AMS) Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul P.M. van Zuijlen
- Burn Center & Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, Netherlands
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences (AMS) Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Paediatric Surgical Centre, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bouke K.H.L. Boekema
- Preclinical & Clinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, Netherlands
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans J.P.M. Koenen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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18
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Bonadonna M, Altamura S, Tybl E, Palais G, Qatato M, Polycarpou-Schwarz M, Schneider M, Kalk C, Rüdiger W, Ertl A, Anstee N, Bogeska R, Helm D, Milsom MD, Galy B. Iron regulatory protein (IRP)-mediated iron homeostasis is critical for neutrophil development and differentiation in the bone marrow. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq4469. [PMID: 36197975 PMCID: PMC9534496 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq4469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Iron is mostly devoted to the hemoglobinization of erythrocytes for oxygen transport. However, emerging evidence points to a broader role for the metal in hematopoiesis, including the formation of the immune system. Iron availability in mammalian cells is controlled by iron-regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) and IRP2. We report that global disruption of both IRP1 and IRP2 in adult mice impairs neutrophil development and differentiation in the bone marrow, yielding immature neutrophils with abnormally high glycolytic and autophagic activity, resulting in neutropenia. IRPs promote neutrophil differentiation in a cell intrinsic manner by securing cellular iron supply together with transcriptional control of neutropoiesis to facilitate differentiation to fully mature neutrophils. Unlike neutrophils, monocyte count was not affected by IRP and iron deficiency, suggesting a lineage-specific effect of iron on myeloid output. This study unveils the previously unrecognized importance of IRPs and iron metabolism in the formation of a major branch of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bonadonna
- German Cancer Research Center, “Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis”, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Biosciences Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandro Altamura
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Tybl
- German Cancer Research Center, “Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis”, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- IB-Cancer Research Foundation, Science Park 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Gael Palais
- German Cancer Research Center, “Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis”, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Qatato
- German Cancer Research Center, “Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis”, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Polycarpou-Schwarz
- German Cancer Research Center, “Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis”, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- German Cancer Research Center, Mass Spectrometry based Protein Analysis Unit, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Kalk
- German Cancer Research Center, “Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis”, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wibke Rüdiger
- German Cancer Research Center, “Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis”, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alina Ertl
- German Cancer Research Center, “Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis”, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natasha Anstee
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, “Division of Experimental Hematology”, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruzhica Bogeska
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, “Division of Experimental Hematology”, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominic Helm
- German Cancer Research Center, Mass Spectrometry based Protein Analysis Unit, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael D. Milsom
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, “Division of Experimental Hematology”, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Galy
- German Cancer Research Center, “Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis”, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Zini G, d'Onofrio G. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Focus on peripheral blood cell morphology. Br J Haematol 2022; 200:404-419. [PMID: 36203344 PMCID: PMC9874661 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown peculiar morphological anomalies in COVID-19 patients' smears. We searched all the peer-reviewed scientific publications that explicitly reference the cytomorphological alterations on peripheral blood smears of patients with COVID-19. We extracted data from sixty-five publications (case reports, patient group studies, reviews, and erythrocyte morphology studies). The results show that frequent alterations concern the morphology of lymphocytes (large lymphocytes with weakly basophilic cytoplasm, plasmacytoid lymphocytes, large granular lymphocytes). Neutrophils display abnormal nuclei and cytoplasm in a distinctive cytomorphological picture. Besides a left shift in maturation, granulations can be increased (toxic type) or decreased with areas of basophilia. Nuclei are often hyposegmented (pseudo-Pelger-Huёt anomaly). Apoptotic or pycnotic cells are not uncommon. Monocytes typically have a large cytoplasm loaded with heterogeneous and coalescing vacuoles. Platelets show large and giant shapes. The presence of erythrocyte fragments and schistocytes is especially evident in the forms of COVID-19 that are associated with thrombotic microangiopathies. Such atypia of blood cells reflects the generalized activation in severe COVID-19, which has been demonstrated with immunophenotypic, molecular, genetic, and functional methods. Neutrophils, in particular, are involved in the pathophysiology of hyperinflammation with cytokine storm, which characterizes the most unfavorable evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Zini
- HaematologyCatholic University of Sacred HeartRomeItaly,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSRomeItaly
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20
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Jain N, Lord JM, Vogel V. Mechanoimmunology: Are inflammatory epigenetic states of macrophages tuned by biophysical factors? APL Bioeng 2022; 6:031502. [PMID: 36051106 PMCID: PMC9427154 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many inflammatory diseases that are responsible for a majority of deaths are still uncurable, in part as the underpinning pathomechanisms and how to combat them is still poorly understood. Tissue-resident macrophages play pivotal roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, but if they gradually convert to proinflammatory phenotypes, or if blood-born proinflammatory macrophages persist long-term after activation, they contribute to chronic inflammation and fibrosis. While biochemical factors and how they regulate the inflammatory transcriptional response of macrophages have been at the forefront of research to identify targets for therapeutic interventions, evidence is increasing that physical factors also tune the macrophage phenotype. Recently, several mechanisms have emerged as to how physical factors impact the mechanobiology of macrophages, from the nuclear translocation of transcription factors to epigenetic modifications, perhaps even DNA methylation. Insight into the mechanobiology of macrophages and associated epigenetic modifications will deliver novel therapeutic options going forward, particularly in the context of increased inflammation with advancing age and age-related diseases. We review here how biophysical factors can co-regulate pro-inflammatory gene expression and epigenetic modifications and identify knowledge gaps that require urgent attention if this therapeutic potential is to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Viola Vogel
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Francis EA, Heinrich V. Integrative experimental/computational approach establishes active cellular protrusion as the primary driving force of phagocytic spreading by immune cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009937. [PMID: 36026476 PMCID: PMC9455874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic interplay between cell adhesion and protrusion is a critical determinant of many forms of cell motility. When modeling cell spreading on adhesive surfaces, traditional mathematical treatments often consider passive cell adhesion as the primary, if not exclusive, mechanistic driving force of this cellular motion. To better assess the contribution of active cytoskeletal protrusion to immune-cell spreading during phagocytosis, we here develop a computational framework that allows us to optionally investigate both purely adhesive spreading (“Brownian zipper hypothesis”) as well as protrusion-dominated spreading (“protrusive zipper hypothesis”). We model the cell as an axisymmetric body of highly viscous fluid surrounded by a cortex with uniform surface tension and incorporate as potential driving forces of cell spreading an attractive stress due to receptor-ligand binding and an outward normal stress representing cytoskeletal protrusion, both acting on the cell boundary. We leverage various model predictions against the results of a directly related experimental companion study of human neutrophil phagocytic spreading on substrates coated with different densities of antibodies. We find that the concept of adhesion-driven spreading is incompatible with experimental results such as the independence of the cell-spreading speed on the density of immobilized antibodies. In contrast, the protrusive zipper model agrees well with experimental findings and, when adapted to simulate cell spreading on discrete adhesion sites, it also reproduces the observed positive correlation between antibody density and maximum cell-substrate contact area. Together, our integrative experimental/computational approach shows that phagocytic spreading is driven by cellular protrusion, and that the extent of spreading is limited by the density of adhesion sites. To accomplish many routine biological tasks, cells must rapidly spread over different types of surfaces. Here, we examine the biophysical underpinnings of immune cell spreading during phagocytosis, the process by which white blood cells such as neutrophils engulf pathogens or other foreign objects. Our computational framework models the case in which a human neutrophil spreads over a flat surface coated with antibodies, which we also test experimentally in a companion paper. Our primary purpose is to assess whether phagocytic spreading is actively driven by protrusive forces exerted by the cell, or passively by adhesive forces acting between receptors in the cell membrane and antibodies on the surface. By directly comparing our model predictions to experimental results, we demonstrate that phagocytic spreading is primarily driven by protrusion, but the extent of spreading is still limited by the availability of binding sites. Our findings improve the fundamental understanding of phagocytosis and may also pave the way for future investigations of the balance between adhesion and protrusion in other forms of cell spreading, such as wound healing or cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmet A. Francis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EAF); (VH)
| | - Volkmar Heinrich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EAF); (VH)
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22
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Li Y, Chen M, Chang W. Roles of the nucleus in leukocyte migration. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:771-783. [PMID: 35916042 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0622-473rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes patrol our bodies in search of pathogens and migrate to sites of injury in response to various stimuli. Rapid and directed leukocyte motility is therefore crucial to our immunity. The nucleus is the largest and stiffest cellular organelle and a mechanical obstacle for migration through constrictions. However, the nucleus is also essential for 3D cell migration. Here, we review the roles of the nucleus in leukocyte migration, focusing on how cells deform their nuclei to aid cell motility and the contributions of the nucleus to cell migration. We discuss the regulation of the nuclear biomechanics by the nuclear lamina and how it, together with the cytoskeleton, modulates the shapes of leukocyte nuclei. We then summarize the functions of nesprins and SUN proteins in leukocytes and discuss how forces are exerted on the nucleus. Finally, we examine the mechanical roles of the nucleus in cell migration, including its roles in regulating the direction of migration and path selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Mengqi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wakam Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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23
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Myllymäki H, Yu PP, Feng Y. Opportunities presented by zebrafish larval models to study neutrophil function in tissues. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 148:106234. [PMID: 35667555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate neutrophil function is essential for innate immune defence and to avoid inflammatory pathology. Neutrophils can adapt their responses according to their environment and recently, the existence of multiple distinct neutrophil populations has been confirmed in both health and disease. However, the study of neutrophil functions in their tissue environment has remained challenging, and for instance, the relationship between neutrophil maturity and function is not fully understood. Many neutrophil morphological and functional features are highly conserved between mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates. This enables the use of the transparent and genetically tractable zebrafish larvae to study neutrophil biology. We review data on the development and function of zebrafish larval neutrophils and advances zebrafish have brought to studies of neutrophil biology. In addition, we discuss opportunities and aspects to be considered when using the larval zebrafish model to further enhance our understanding of neutrophil function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Myllymäki
- UoE Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peiyi Pearl Yu
- UoE Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Feng
- UoE Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
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24
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Selezneva A, Gibb AJ, Willis D. The Nuclear Envelope as a Regulator of Immune Cell Function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840069. [PMID: 35757775 PMCID: PMC9226455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional view of the nuclear envelope (NE) was that it represented a relatively inert physical barrier within the cell, whose main purpose was to separate the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm. However, recent research suggests that this is far from the case, with new and important cellular functions being attributed to this organelle. In this review we describe research suggesting an important contribution of the NE and its constituents in regulating the functions of cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. One of the standout properties of immune cells is their ability to migrate around the body, allowing them to carry out their physiological/pathophysiology cellular role at the appropriate location. This together with the physiological role of the tissue, changes in tissue matrix composition due to disease and aging, and the activation status of the immune cell, all result in immune cells being subjected to different mechanical forces. We report research which suggests that the NE may be an important sensor/transducer of these mechanical signals and propose that the NE is an integrator of both mechanical and chemical signals, allowing the cells of the innate immune system to precisely regulate gene transcription and functionality. By presenting this overview we hope to stimulate the interests of researchers into this often-overlooked organelle and propose it should join the ranks of mitochondria and phagosome, which are important organelles contributing to immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Selezneva
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair J Gibb
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Willis
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Arya SB, Chen S, Jordan-Javed F, Parent CA. Ceramide-rich microdomains facilitate nuclear envelope budding for non-conventional exosome formation. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1019-1028. [PMID: 35739317 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils migrating towards chemoattractant gradients amplify their recruitment range by releasing the secondary chemoattractant leukotriene B4 (LTB4) refs. 1,2. We previously demonstrated that LTB4 and its synthesizing enzymes, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), 5-LO activating protein (FLAP) and leukotriene A4 hydrolase, are packaged and released in exosomes3. Here we report that the biogenesis of the LTB4-containing exosomes originates at the nuclear envelope (NE) of activated neutrophils. We show that the neutral sphingomyelinase 1 (nSMase1)-mediated generation of ceramide-enriched lipid-ordered microdomains initiates the clustering of the LTB4-synthesizing enzymes on the NE. We isolated and analysed exosomes from activated neutrophils and established that the FLAP/5-LO-positive exosome population is distinct from that of the CD63-positive exosome population. Furthermore, we observed a strong co-localization between ALIX and FLAP at the periphery of nuclei and within cytosolic vesicles. We propose that the initiation of NE curvature and bud formation is mediated by nSMase1-dependent ceramide generation, which leads to FLAP and ALIX recruitment. Together, these observations elucidate the mechanism for LTB4 secretion and identify a non-conventional pathway for exosome generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash B Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fatima Jordan-Javed
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carole A Parent
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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26
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Genetic architecture of band neutrophil fraction in Iceland. Commun Biol 2022; 5:525. [PMID: 35650273 PMCID: PMC9160026 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristic lobulated nuclear morphology of granulocytes is partially determined by composition of nuclear envelope proteins. Abnormal nuclear morphology is primarily observed as an increased number of hypolobulated immature neutrophils, called band cells, during infection or in rare envelopathies like Pelger-Huët anomaly. To search for sequence variants affecting nuclear morphology of granulocytes, we performed a genome-wide association study using band neutrophil fraction from 88,101 Icelanders. We describe 13 sequence variants affecting band neutrophil fraction at nine loci. Five of the variants are at the Lamin B receptor (LBR) locus, encoding an inner nuclear membrane protein. Mutations in LBR are linked to Pelger-Huët anomaly. In addition, we identify cosegregation of a rare stop-gain sequence variant in LBR and Pelger Huët anomaly in an Icelandic eight generation pedigree, initially reported in 1963. Two of the other loci include genes which, like LBR, play a role in the nuclear membrane function and integrity. These GWAS results highlight the role proteins of the inner nuclear membrane have as important for neutrophil nuclear morphology. A GWAS in Iceland reveals that variants in inner nuclear membrane proteins are associated with nuclear morphology of granulocytes and band neutrophil fraction.
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27
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Mulder PPG, Koenen HJPM, Vlig M, Joosten I, de Vries RBM, Boekema BKHL. Burn-Induced Local and Systemic Immune Response: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:3093-3109.e15. [PMID: 35623415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
As burn injuries are often followed by a derailed immune response and excessive inflammation, a thorough understanding of the occurring reactions is key to prevent secondary complications. This systematic review, that includes 247 animal studies, shows the post-burn response of 14 different immune cell types involved in immediate and long-term effects, in both wound tissue and circulation. Peripheral blood neutrophil and monocyte numbers increased directly after burns, whereas thrombocyte numbers increased near the end of the first week. Lymphocyte numbers, however, were decreased for at least two weeks. In burn wound tissue, neutrophil and macrophage numbers accumulated during the first three weeks. Burns also altered cellular functions as we found increased migratory potential of leukocytes, impaired antibacterial activity of neutrophils and enhanced inflammatory mediator production by macrophages. Neutrophil surges were positively associated with burn size and were highest in rats. Altogether, this comprehensive overview of the temporal immune cell dynamics shows that unlike normal wound healing, burn injury induces a long-lasting inflammatory response. It provides a fundamental research basis to improve experimental set-ups, burn care and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P G Mulder
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Preclinical Research, Beverwijk, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Vlig
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Preclinical Research, Beverwijk, the Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob B M de Vries
- SYRCLE, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bouke K H L Boekema
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Preclinical Research, Beverwijk, the Netherlands
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28
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Mamtimin M, Pinarci A, Han C, Braun A, Anders HJ, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Extracellular DNA Traps: Origin, Function and Implications for Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:869706. [PMID: 35574410 PMCID: PMC9092261 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.869706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA may serve as marker in liquid biopsies to determine individual diagnosis and prognosis in cancer patients. Cell death or active release from various cell types, including immune cells can result in the release of DNA into the extracellular milieu. Neutrophils are important components of the innate immune system, controlling pathogens through phagocytosis and/or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs also promote tumor progression and metastasis, by modulating angiogenesis, anti-tumor immunity, blood clotting and inflammation and providing a supportive niche for metastasizing cancer cells. Besides neutrophils, other immune cells such as eosinophils, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, mast cells, basophils and lymphocytes can also form extracellular traps (ETs) during cancer progression, indicating possible multiple origins of extracellular DNA in cancer. In this review, we summarize the pathomechanisms of ET formation generated by different cell types, and analyze these processes in the context of cancer. We also critically discuss potential ET-inhibiting agents, which may open new therapeutic strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medina Mamtimin
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Akif Pinarci
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chao Han
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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29
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Mihlan M, Glaser KM, Epple MW, Lämmermann T. Neutrophils: Amoeboid Migration and Swarming Dynamics in Tissues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:871789. [PMID: 35478973 PMCID: PMC9038224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.871789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key cells of our innate immune response with essential roles for eliminating bacteria and fungi from tissues. They are also the prototype of an amoeboid migrating leukocyte. As one of the first blood-recruited immune cell types during inflammation and infection, these cells can invade almost any tissue compartment. Once in the tissue, neutrophils undergo rapid shape changes and migrate at speeds higher than most other immune cells. They move in a substrate-independent manner in interstitial spaces and do not follow predetermined tissue paths. Instead, neutrophil navigation is largely shaped by the chemokine and chemoattractant milieu around them. This highlights the decisive role of attractant-sensing G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and downstream molecular pathways for controlling amoeboid neutrophil movement in tissues. A diverse repertoire of cell-surface expressed GPCRs makes neutrophils the perfect sentinel cell type to sense and detect danger-associated signals released from wounds, inflamed interstitium, dying cells, complement factors or directly from tissue-invading microbes. Moreover, neutrophils release attractants themselves, which allows communication and coordination between individual cells of a neutrophil population. GPCR-mediated positive feedback mechanisms were shown to underlie neutrophil swarming, a population response that amplifies the recruitment of amoeboid migrating neutrophils to sites of tissue injury and infection. Here we discuss recent findings and current concepts that counteract excessive neutrophil accumulation and swarm formation. In particular, we will focus on negative feedback control mechanisms that terminate neutrophil swarming to maintain the delicate balance between tissue surveillance, host protection and tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mihlan
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina M. Glaser
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian W. Epple
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
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30
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Peng L, Zhu X, Qin Z, Liu J, Song E, Song Y. Polychlorinated Biphenyl Quinone Metabolites Cause Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophils. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:597-605. [PMID: 35168318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of persistent organic environmental pollutants with various toxic effects. Our previous research found that a highly reactive quinone metabolite of PCBs, namely, PCB29-pQ, causes excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and different toxic actions. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), the product of NETosis, are one of the newly discovered programmed cell deaths. Recent studies have suggested the association of NET formation with excess ROS. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of PCB29-pQ exposure on NETs and its possible molecular mechanisms. Using scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy, and the quantitative analysis of extracellular DNA, we found that PCB29-pQ exposure induces the formation of NETs in mouse bone marrow. Mechanistically, our results suggested that PCB29-pQ induces histone citrullination and chromatin decondensation, which are necessary processes for NET formation. Moreover, PCB29-pQ exposure increases ROS and autophagy levels, while ROS and autophagy inhibitors significantly reverse NET formation. These results indicated that PCB29-pQ-induced NET formation was mediated by the intracellular ROS level and autophagy signaling. In general, our research uncovered a toxicity mechanism of PCB29-pQ, which suggested the necessity of evaluating its immunotoxicity during the risk assessment of PCB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.,Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd., Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.,Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd., Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zongming Qin
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Food Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd., Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.,Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd., Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
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31
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Wang L, Paudyal SC, Kang Y, Owa M, Liang FX, Spektor A, Knaut H, Sánchez I, Dynlacht BD. Regulators of tubulin polyglutamylation control nuclear shape and cilium disassembly by balancing microtubule and actin assembly. Cell Res 2022; 32:190-209. [PMID: 34782749 PMCID: PMC8807603 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal networks play an important role in regulating nuclear morphology and ciliogenesis. However, the role of microtubule (MT) post-translational modifications in nuclear shape regulation and cilium disassembly has not been explored. Here we identified a novel regulator of the tubulin polyglutamylase complex (TPGC), C11ORF49/CSTPP1, that regulates cytoskeletal organization, nuclear shape, and cilium disassembly. Mechanistically, loss of C11ORF49/CSTPP1 impacts the assembly and stability of the TPGC, which modulates long-chain polyglutamylation levels on microtubules (MTs) and thereby balances the binding of MT-associated proteins and actin nucleators. As a result, loss of TPGC leads to aberrant, enhanced assembly of MTs that penetrate the nucleus, which in turn leads to defects in nuclear shape, and disorganization of cytoplasmic actin that disrupts the YAP/TAZ pathway and cilium disassembly. Further, we showed that C11ORF49/CSTPP1-TPGC plays mechanistically distinct roles in the regulation of nuclear shape and cilium disassembly. Remarkably, disruption of C11ORF49/CSTPP1-TPGC also leads to developmental defects in vivo. Our findings point to an unanticipated nexus that links tubulin polyglutamylation with nuclear shape and ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sharad C Paudyal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuchen Kang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mikito Owa
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Spektor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irma Sánchez
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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32
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Ramachandra CJA, Kp MMJ, Chua J, Hernandez-Resendiz S, Liehn EA, Knöll R, Gan LM, Michaëlsson E, Jonsson MKB, Ryden-Markinhuhta K, Bhat RV, Fritsche-Danielson R, Lin YH, Sadayappan S, Tang HC, Wong P, Shim W, Hausenloy DJ. Inhibiting cardiac myeloperoxidase alleviates the relaxation defect in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:517-530. [PMID: 33705529 PMCID: PMC8803077 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and disarray, and myocardial stiffness due to interstitial fibrosis, which result in impaired left ventricular filling and diastolic dysfunction. The latter manifests as exercise intolerance, angina, and dyspnoea. There is currently no specific treatment for improving diastolic function in HCM. Here, we investigated whether myeloperoxidase (MPO) is expressed in cardiomyocytes and provides a novel therapeutic target for alleviating diastolic dysfunction in HCM. METHODS AND RESULTS Human cardiomyocytes derived from control-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) were shown to express MPO, with MPO levels being increased in iPSC-CMs generated from two HCM patients harbouring sarcomeric mutations in the MYBPC3 and MYH7 genes. The presence of cardiomyocyte MPO was associated with higher chlorination and peroxidation activity, increased levels of 3-chlorotyrosine-modified cardiac myosin binding protein-C (MYBPC3), attenuated phosphorylation of MYBPC3 at Ser-282, perturbed calcium signalling, and impaired cardiomyocyte relaxation. Interestingly, treatment with the MPO inhibitor, AZD5904, reduced 3-chlorotyrosine-modified MYBPC3 levels, restored MYBPC3 phosphorylation, and alleviated the calcium signalling and relaxation defects. Finally, we found that MPO protein was expressed in healthy adult murine and human cardiomyocytes, and MPO levels were increased in diseased hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that MPO inhibition alleviates the relaxation defect in hypertrophic iPSC-CMs through MYBPC3 phosphorylation. These findings highlight cardiomyocyte MPO as a novel therapeutic target for improving myocardial relaxation associated with HCM, a treatment strategy which can be readily investigated in the clinical setting, given that MPO inhibitors are already available for clinical testing.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cardiac Myosins/genetics
- Cardiac Myosins/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/drug therapy
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/enzymology
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/physiopathology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Humans
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/drug therapy
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/enzymology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/drug effects
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/enzymology
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mutation, Missense
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Peroxidase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Peroxidase/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrishan J A Ramachandra
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre
Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of
Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Myu Mai Ja Kp
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre
Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasper Chua
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre
Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore,
Singapore
| | - Sauri Hernandez-Resendiz
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre
Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of
Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elisa A Liehn
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre
Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ralph Knöll
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals
R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medicine (MedH), Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre
(ICMC), Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77,
Sweden
| | - Li-Ming Gan
- Early Clinical Development, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular,
Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca,
Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Michaëlsson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal
and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg,
Sweden
| | - Malin K B Jonsson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal
and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg,
Sweden
| | - Katarina Ryden-Markinhuhta
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal
and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg,
Sweden
| | - Ratan V Bhat
- Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM),
BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Regina Fritsche-Danielson
- Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM),
BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ying-Hsi Lin
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre
Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of
Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine,
Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati,
OH, USA
| | - Hak Chiaw Tang
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore,
Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip Wong
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore,
Singapore, Singapore
| | - Winston Shim
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of
Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre
Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of
Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of
Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London,
London, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia
University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Physical Forces and Transient Nuclear Envelope Rupture during Metastasis: The Key for Success? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010083. [PMID: 35008251 PMCID: PMC8750110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastasis is the process that allows the seeding of tumor cells in a new organ. The migration and invasion of cancer cells involves the pulling, pushing, and squeezing of cells through narrow spaces and pores. Tumor cells need to cross several physical barriers, such as layers of basement membranes as well as the endothelium wall during the way in and out of the blood stream, to reach the new organ. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of physical compression in the success of metastasis. We will especially focus on nuclear squeezing and nuclear envelope rupture and explain how they can actively participate in the creation of genomic heterogeneity as well as supporting metastasis growth. Abstract During metastasis, invading tumor cells and circulating tumor cells (CTC) face multiple mechanical challenges during migration through narrow pores and cell squeezing. However, little is known on the importance and consequences of mechanical stress for tumor progression and success in invading a new organ. Recently, several studies have shown that cell constriction can lead to nuclear envelope rupture (NER) during interphase. This loss of proper nuclear compartmentalization has a profound effect on the genome, being a key driver for the genome evolution needed for tumor progression. More than just being a source of genomic alterations, the transient nuclear envelope collapse can also support metastatic growth by several mechanisms involving the innate immune response cGAS/STING pathway. In this review we will describe the importance of the underestimated role of cellular squeezing in the progression of tumorigenesis. We will describe the complexity and difficulty for tumor cells to reach the metastatic site, detail the genomic aberration diversity due to NER, and highlight the importance of the activation of the innate immune pathway on cell survival. Cellular adaptation and nuclear deformation can be the key to the metastasis success in many unsuspected aspects.
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Fox E, Jones R, Samanta R, Summers C. Characterising the transcriptome of hypersegmented human neutrophils. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17440.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mature human neutrophils are characterised by their multilobed nuclear morphology. Neutrophil hypersegmentation, a pathologic nuclear phenotype, has been described in the alveolar compartment of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and in several other contexts. This study aimed to characterise the transcriptional changes associated with neutrophil hypersegmentation. Methods: A model of hypersegmentation was established by exposing healthy peripheral blood neutrophils to the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) captopril. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) was then adapted to isolate a population of hypersegmented neutrophils. Transcriptomic analysis of microdissected hypersegmented neutrophils was undertaken using ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing. Differential gene expression (DEG) and enrichment pathway analysis were conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying hypersegmentation. Results: RNA-Seq analysis revealed the transcriptomic signature of hypersegmented neutrophils, with five genes differentially expressed. VCAN, PADI4 and DUSP4 were downregulated, while LTF and PSMC4 were upregulated. Modulated pathways included histone modification, protein-DNA complex assembly and antimicrobial humoral response. The role of PADI4 was further validated using the small molecule inhibitor, Cl-amidine. Conclusions: Hypersegmented neutrophils display a marked transcriptomic signature, characterised by the differential expression of five genes. This study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying neutrophil hypersegmentation and describes a novel method to isolate and sequence neutrophils based on their morphologic subtype.
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Bebeshko VG, Bruslova KM, Lyashenko LO, Pushkariova TI, Tsvetkova NM, Galkina SG, Vasylenko VV, Yaroshenko ZS, Zaitseva AL, Gonchar LO, Yatsemirskyi SM. ASSESSMENT OF QUALITATIVE CHANGES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS IN CHILDREN - RESIDENTS OF RADIOLOGICALLY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES IN THE LATE PERIOD AFTER THE ChNPP ACCIDENT. PROBLEMY RADIATSIINOI MEDYTSYNY TA RADIOBIOLOHII 2021; 26:297-308. [PMID: 34965556 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2021-26-297-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to establish the relationship between quantitative and qualitative parameters of peripheral blood cells(lymphocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes, platelets) depending on the type of somatic diseases andannual internal radiation doses from 137Cs in children - residents of radiologically contaminated territories in thelate period after the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) accident. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were 175 children included in the study comprising residents of radiologically con-taminated territories (n = 79) aged from 4 to 18 years. Annual internal radiation doses in children from 137Cs rangedfrom 0.004 to 0.067 mSv. Certain blood parameters were assessed in a comparative mode in children having got theradiation doses up to 0.01 mSv and higher. The comparison group (n = 96) included children living in settlementsnot attributed to the radiologically contaminated ones. Incidence and type of somatic diseases and its impact onquantitative and qualitative changes in blood parameters (i.e. lymphocyte, neutrophilic granulocyte, monocyte, andplatelet count) were studied. The cell size, state of nucleus, membranes and cytoplasm, signs of proliferative anddegenerative processes were taken into account. RESULTS Incidence and type of somatic diseases in children did not depend on the annual internal radiation dose.Number of cases of monocytosis was significantly higher among the children exposed to ionizing radiation than inthe comparison group (16.6 % vs. 7.3 %). There were, however, no correlation between these changes and radiationdoses. Number of activated blood monocytes with cytoplasmic basophilia and residues of nucleoli in nuclei washigher in individuals with internal radiation doses > 0.01 mSv. A direct correlation between the qualitative param-eters of monocytes and internal radiation doses was established (rs = 0.60; р < 0.001), as well as a direct correlationof different strength between qualitative parameters of blood cells, indicating their unidirectional pattern depend-ing on the somatic morbid conditions. Regardless of annual internal radiation dose, there was an increase in thenumber of degenerative and aberrant cells vs. the comparison group (р < 0.05), which could be due to the role ofnon-radiation factors. CONCLUSIONS Results of the assessment of quantitative and qualitative parameters of peripheral blood cells reflect-ed the state of morbid conditions in children and are of a diagnostic value. The identified dose-dependent changesin monocyte lineage of hematopoiesis may be the markers of impact of long-term radionuclide incorporation withfood in children living in environmentally unfavorable conditions after the ChNPP accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Bebeshko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - K M Bruslova
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - L O Lyashenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - T I Pushkariova
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - N M Tsvetkova
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - S G Galkina
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - V V Vasylenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Zh S Yaroshenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - A L Zaitseva
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - L O Gonchar
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - S M Yatsemirskyi
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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Cantwell H, Dey G. Nuclear size and shape control. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 130:90-97. [PMID: 34776332 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus displays a wide range of sizes and shapes in different species and cell types, yet its size scaling and many of the key structural constituents that determine its shape are highly conserved. In this review, we discuss the cellular properties and processes that contribute to nuclear size and shape control, drawing examples from across eukaryotes and highlighting conserved themes and pathways. We then outline physiological roles that have been uncovered for specific nuclear morphologies and disease pathologies associated with aberrant nuclear morphology. We argue that a comparative approach, assessing and integrating observations from different systems, will be a powerful way to help us address the open questions surrounding functional roles of nuclear size and shape in cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Cantwell
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Gautam Dey
- Cell Biology and Biophysics, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr.1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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37
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Yang C, Wang Z, Li L, Zhang Z, Jin X, Wu P, Sun S, Pan J, Su K, Jia F, Zhang L, Wang H, Yu X, Shao X, Wang K, Qiu F, Yan J, Huang J. Aged neutrophils form mitochondria-dependent vital NETs to promote breast cancer lung metastasis. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002875. [PMID: 34716206 PMCID: PMC8559246 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophils-linked premetastatic niche plays a key role in tumor metastasis, but not much is known about the heterogeneity and diverse role of neutrophils in niche formation. Our study focuses on the existence and biological function of a rarely delved subset of neutrophils, named as tumor-associated aged neutrophils (Naged, CXCR4+CD62Llow), involved in premetastatic niche formation during breast cancer metastasis. Methods We explored the distributions of Naged in 206 patients and mice models (4T1 and MMTV-PyMT) by flow cytometry. The ability of Naged to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and promote tumor metastasis in patients and mice was determined by polychromatic immunohistochemistry, scanning electron microscopy and real-time video detection. Furthermore, the differences among tumor-associated Naged, Non-Naged and inflammation-associated aged neutrophils were compared by transcriptome, the biological characteristics of Naged were comprehensively analyzed from the perspectives of morphology, the metabolic capacity and mitochondrial function were investigated by Seahorse, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, 120 patients’ sample were applied to confirm the acceleration of Naged formation through secreted NAMPT, and the importance of blocking this pathway in mice was evaluated. Results We find that Naged accumulate in the lung premetastatic niche at early stage of breast tumorigenesis in multiple mice models and also exist in peripheral blood and metastatic lung of patients with breast cancer. Naged exhibit distinct cell marker and morphological feature of oversegmented nuclei. Further transcriptome reveals that Naged are completely different from those of Non-Aged or inflammation-associated aged neutrophils and illustrates that the key transcription factor SIRT1 in Naged is the core to maintain their lifespan via mitophagy for their function. The responsible mechanism is that SIRT1 can induce the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore channels to release mitochondrial DNA and lead to the mitochondria-dependent vital NETs formation, rather than traditional Cit-Histone H3 dependent fatal-NETs. Further mechanically investigation found tumor derived NAMPT could induce Naged formation. Additionally, therapeutic interventions of Naged and its formation-linked pathways could effectively decrease breast cancer lung metastasis. Conclusions Naged exerts a vital role in breast cancer lung metastasis, and strategies targeting SIRT1-Naged-NETs axis show promise for translational application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Su
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Leyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuming Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Tokuhiro T, Ishikawa A, Sato H, Takita S, Yoshikawa A, Anzai R, Sato S, Aoyagi R, Arita M, Shibuya T, Aratani Y, Shimizu S, Tanaka M, Yotsumoto S. Oxidized Phospholipids and Neutrophil Elastase Coordinately Play Critical Roles in NET Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718586. [PMID: 34568331 PMCID: PMC8458647 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures consisting of decondensed chromatin DNA and contents of granules, such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE). NETs are usually released from neutrophils undergoing NETosis, a neutrophil-specific cell death mode characterized by the collapse and disappearance of cell membranes and nuclear envelopes. It is well known that production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers NETosis and NET formation. However, details of intracellular signaling downstream of ROS production during NETosis and NET formation remains uncertain. Here, we demonstrated that the peroxidation of phospholipids plays a critical role in NETosis and NET formation induced by phorbol 12-myristate13-acetate (PMA) or immune complex in vitro and by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo. This phospholipid peroxidation is mediated by the enzymatic activity of MPO. On the other hand, NE, which was previously reported to be released from granules to cytosol by MPO during NET formation, is not required for either the peroxidation of phospholipids or the execution of NETosis, but contributes to chromatin decondensation and nuclear swelling independently of MPO-mediated oxidized phospholipids. Analysis of isolated nuclei clearly demonstrated that oxidized phospholipids and NE differently yet synergistically execute chromatin decondensation and nuclear swelling, and the subsequent release of nuclear contents. These findings indicate the dual roles of MPO in NETosis and NET formation, and provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Tokuhiro
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akane Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Sato
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunya Takita
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayuri Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Anzai
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryohei Aoyagi
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Cellular and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takumi Shibuya
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Aratani
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yotsumoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Current Understanding of the Neutrophil Transcriptome in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092406. [PMID: 34572056 PMCID: PMC8469435 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key cells of the innate immune system. It is now understood that this leukocyte population is diverse in both the basal composition and functional plasticity. Underlying this plasticity is a post-translational framework for rapidly achieving early activation states, but also a transcriptional capacity that is becoming increasingly recognized by immunologists. Growing interest in the contribution of neutrophils to health and disease has resulted in more efforts to describe their transcriptional activity. Whilst initial efforts focused predominantly on understanding the existing biology, investigations with advanced methods such as single cell RNA sequencing to understand interactions of the entire immune system are revealing higher flexibility in neutrophil transcription than previously thought possible and multiple transition states. It is now apparent that neutrophils utilise many forms of RNA in the regulation of their function. This review collates current knowledge on the nuclei structure and gene expression activity of human neutrophils across homeostasis and disease, before highlighting knowledge gaps that are research priority areas.
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40
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Khoyratty TE, Ai Z, Ballesteros I, Eames HL, Mathie S, Martín-Salamanca S, Wang L, Hemmings A, Willemsen N, von Werz V, Zehrer A, Walzog B, van Grinsven E, Hidalgo A, Udalova IA. Distinct transcription factor networks control neutrophil-driven inflammation. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1093-1106. [PMID: 34282331 PMCID: PMC7611586 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils display distinct gene expression patters depending on their developmental stage, activation state and tissue microenvironment. To determine the transcription factor networks that shape these responses in a mouse model, we integrated transcriptional and chromatin analyses of neutrophils during acute inflammation. We showed active chromatin remodeling at two transition stages: bone marrow-to-blood and blood-to-tissue. Analysis of differentially accessible regions revealed distinct sets of putative transcription factors associated with control of neutrophil inflammatory responses. Using ex vivo and in vivo approaches, we confirmed that RUNX1 and KLF6 modulate neutrophil maturation, whereas RELB, IRF5 and JUNB drive neutrophil effector responses and RFX2 and RELB promote survival. Interfering with neutrophil activation by targeting one of these factors, JUNB, reduced pathological inflammation in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Therefore, our study represents a blueprint for transcriptional control of neutrophil responses in acute inflammation and opens possibilities for stage-specific therapeutic modulation of neutrophil function in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhichao Ai
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ivan Ballesteros
- Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hayley L Eames
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sara Mathie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Martín-Salamanca
- Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lihui Wang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Nicola Willemsen
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Annette Zehrer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center and Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center and Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andres Hidalgo
- Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irina A Udalova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Lung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168854. [PMID: 34445556 PMCID: PMC8396177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), built from mitochondrial or nuclear DNA, proteinases, and histones, entrap and eliminate pathogens in the course of bacterial or viral infections. Neutrophils’ activation and the formation of NETs have been described as major risk factors for acute lung injury, multi-organ damage, and mortality in COVID-19 disease. NETs-related lung injury involves both epithelial and endothelial cells, as well as the alveolar-capillary barrier. The markers for NETs formation, such as circulating DNA, neutrophil elastase (NE) activity, or myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes, were found in lung specimens of COVID-19 victims, as well as in sera and tracheal aspirates obtained from COVID-19 patients. DNA threads form large conglomerates causing local obstruction of the small bronchi and together with NE are responsible for overproduction of mucin by epithelial cells. Various components of NETs are involved in the pathogenesis of cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary disease. NETs are responsible for the interplay between inflammation and thrombosis in the affected lungs. The immunothrombosis, stimulated by NETs, has a poor prognostic significance. Better understanding of the role of NETs in the course of COVID-19 can help to develop novel approaches to the therapeutic interventions in this condition.
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Prosniak M, Kenyon LC, Hooper DC. Glioblastoma Contains Topologically Distinct Proliferative and Metabolically Defined Subpopulations of Nestin- and Glut1-Expressing Cells. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:674-684. [PMID: 34297838 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The difficulty in treatment of glioblastoma is a consequence of its natural infiltrative growth and the existence of a population of therapy-resistant glioma cells that contribute to growth and recurrence. To identify cells more likely to have these properties, we examined the expression in tumor specimens of several protein markers important for glioma progression including the intermediate filament protein, Nestin (NES), a glucose transporter (Glut1/SLC2A1), the glial lineage marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and the proliferative indicator, Ki-67. We also examined the expression of von Willebrand factor, a marker for endothelial cells as well as the macrophage/myeloid markers CD163 and CD15. Using a multicolor immunofluorescence and hematoxylin and eosin staining approach with archival formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue from primary, recurrent, and autopsy IDH1 wildtype specimens combined with high-resolution tissue image analysis, we have identified highly proliferative NES(+)/Glut1(-) cells that are preferentially perivascular. In contrast, Glut1(+)/NES(-) cells are distant from blood vessels, show low proliferation, and are preferentially located at the borders of pseudopalisading necrosis. We hypothesize that Glut1(+)/NES(-) cells would be naturally resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation due to their low proliferative capacity and may act as a reservoir for tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lawrence C Kenyon
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Arefi SMA, Yang CWT, Sin DD, Feng JJ. A mechanical test of the tenertaxis hypothesis for leukocyte diapedesis. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:93. [PMID: 34236552 PMCID: PMC8264968 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As part of the immune response, leukocytes can directly transmigrate through the body of endothelial cells or through the gap between adjacent endothelial cells. These are known, respectively, as the transcellular and paracellular route of diapedesis. What determines the usage of one route over the other is unclear. A recently proposed tenertaxis hypothesis claims that leukocytes choose the path with less mechanical resistance against leukocyte protrusions. We examined this hypothesis using numerical simulation of the mechanical resistance during paracellular and transcellular protrusions. By using parameters based on human lung endothelium, our results show that the required force to breach the endothelium through the transcellular route is greater than paracellular route, in agreement with experiments. Moreover, experiments have demonstrated that manipulation of the relative strength between the two routes can make the transcellular route preferable. Our simulations have demonstrated this reversal and thus tentatively confirmed the hypothesis of tenertaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Amin Arefi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cheng Wei Tony Yang
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - James J Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada.
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Deolal P, Mishra K. Regulation of diverse nuclear shapes: pathways working independently, together. Commun Integr Biol 2021; 14:158-175. [PMID: 34262635 PMCID: PMC8259725 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2021.1939942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound organelles provide physical and functional compartmentalization of biological processes in eukaryotic cells. The characteristic shape and internal organization of these organelles is determined by a combination of multiple internal and external factors. The maintenance of the shape of nucleus, which houses the genetic material within a double membrane bilayer, is crucial for a seamless spatio-temporal control over nuclear and cellular functions. Dynamic morphological changes in the shape of nucleus facilitate various biological processes. Chromatin packaging, nuclear and cytosolic protein organization, and nuclear membrane lipid homeostasis are critical determinants of overall nuclear morphology. As such, a multitude of molecular players and pathways act together to regulate the nuclear shape. Here, we review the known mechanisms governing nuclear shape in various unicellular and multicellular organisms, including the non-spherical nuclei and non-lamin-related structural determinants. The review also touches upon cellular consequences of aberrant nuclear morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Deolal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishnaveni Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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François J, Kandasamy A, Yeh YT, Schwartz A, Ayala C, Meili R, Chien S, Lasheras JC, Del Álamo JC. The interplay between matrix deformation and the coordination of turning events governs directed neutrophil migration in 3D matrices. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf3882. [PMID: 34261650 PMCID: PMC8279509 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils migrating through extravascular spaces must negotiate narrow matrix pores without losing directional movement. We investigated how chemotaxing neutrophils probe matrices and adjust their migration to collagen concentration ([col]) changes by tracking 20,000 cell trajectories and quantifying cell-generated 3D matrix deformations. In low-[col] matrices, neutrophils exerted large deformations and followed straight trajectories. As [col] increased, matrix deformations decreased, and neutrophils turned often to circumvent rather than remodel matrix pores. Inhibiting protrusive or contractile forces shifted this transition to lower [col], implying that mechanics play a crucial role in defining migratory strategies. To balance frequent turning and directional bias, neutrophils used matrix obstacles as pivoting points to steer toward the chemoattractant. The Actin Related Protein 2/3 complex coordinated successive turns, thus controlling deviations from chemotactic paths. These results offer an improved understanding of the mechanisms and molecular regulators used by neutrophils during chemotaxis in restrictive 3D environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua François
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adithan Kandasamy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Yeh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amy Schwartz
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cindy Ayala
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruedi Meili
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Juan C Lasheras
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Juan C Del Álamo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Neutrophils and Influenza: A Thin Line between Helpful and Harmful. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060597. [PMID: 34199803 PMCID: PMC8228962 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are one of the most prevalent respiratory pathogens known to humans and pose a significant threat to global public health each year. Annual influenza epidemics are responsible for 3-5 million infections worldwide and approximately 500,000 deaths. Presently, yearly vaccinations represent the most effective means of combating these viruses. In humans, influenza viruses infect respiratory epithelial cells and typically cause localized infections of mild to moderate severity. Neutrophils are the first innate cells to be recruited to the site of the infection and possess a wide range of effector functions to eliminate viruses. Some well-described effector functions include phagocytosis, degranulation, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, while these mechanisms can promote infection resolution, they can also contribute to the pathology of severe disease. Thus, the role of neutrophils in influenza viral infection is nuanced, and the threshold at which protective functions give way to immunopathology is not well understood. Moreover, notable differences between human and murine neutrophils underscore the need to exercise caution when applying murine findings to human physiology. This review aims to provide an overview of neutrophil characteristics, their classic effector functions, as well as more recently described antibody-mediated effector functions. Finally, we discuss the controversial role these cells play in the context of influenza virus infections and how our knowledge of this cell type can be leveraged in the design of universal influenza virus vaccines.
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Guan X, Lu Y, Zhu H, Yu S, Zhao W, Chi X, Xie C, Yin Z. The Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells and Neutrophils Enhances Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis via Neutrophil Extracellular Traps-Associated Cathepsin G Component: A Potential Therapeutic Target. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:451-465. [PMID: 34046369 PMCID: PMC8144903 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s303588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidences have highlighted the roles of neutrophils, as the major host microenvironment component, in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) produced in the infection can strengthen the behavior of cancer metastasis. Here, we investigated the roles of NETs in HCC metastasis and further explore the underlying mechanism of how NETs interact with cancer. Methods The neutrophils were isolated from whole blood of HCC patients and used to evaluate the formation of NETs. NET markers were detected in tissue samples, plasma and cell climbing slice. Mouse models were used to evaluate the roles of NETs in HCC metastasis in vivo, and the corresponding mechanisms were explored using in vivo and in vitro assays. Results An increase in the release of NETs in patients with HCC, particularly those with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). The presence of NETs in HCC tumor tissues closely correlated with a poor prognosis. Functionally, the invasion ability of HCC cells was enhanced by co-culture with HCC neutrophils, through NETs formation, while the neutrophils from a healthy donor (HD) exhibited the inhibition of the invasion ability. Furthermore, we observed an enhanced ability of forming NETs in neutrophils from HCC patients in vitro, especially patients with PVTT or extra-hepatic metastasis. An in-vivo animal study demonstrated that neutrophils of HCC facilitated the metastatic behavior towards the lung. The further mechanistic investigation unveiled that HCC cells-derived cytokine IL-8 triggered NETs formation in an NADPH oxidase-dependent manner, and NETs-associated cathepsin G (cG) promoted HCC metastasis in vitro as well as vivo. Clinically, the expression of the cG protein in tumor tissues displayed a close correlation with the disease prognosis of HCC patients. Conclusion Our findings implicated that the induction of NETs by HCC cells is a critical metastasis-supporting cancer–host interaction and that NETs may serve as an immune-based potential therapeutic target against HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Guan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Heping Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Chi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengrong Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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48
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Silva-Del Toro SL, Allen LAH. Microtubules and Dynein Regulate Human Neutrophil Nuclear Volume and Hypersegmentation During H. pylori Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653100. [PMID: 33828562 PMCID: PMC8019731 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMNs) are heterogeneous and can exhibit considerable phenotypic and functional plasticity. In keeping with this, we discovered previously that Helicobacter pylori infection induces N1-like subtype differentiation of human PMNs that is notable for profound nuclear hypersegmentation. Herein, we utilized biochemical approaches and confocal and super-resolution microscopy to gain insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms. Sensitivity to inhibition by nocodazole and taxol indicated that microtubule dynamics were required to induce and sustain hypersegmentation, and super-resolution Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) imaging demonstrated that microtubules were significantly more abundant and longer in hypersegmented cells. Dynein activity was also required, and enrichment of this motor protein at the nuclear periphery was enhanced following H. pylori infection. In contrast, centrosome splitting did not occur, and lamin B receptor abundance and ER morphology were unchanged. Finally, analysis of STED image stacks using Imaris software revealed that nuclear volume increased markedly prior to the onset of hypersegmentation and that nuclear size was differentially modulated by nocodazole and taxol in the presence and absence of infection. Taken together, our data define a new mechanism of hypersegmentation that is mediated by microtubules and dynein and as such advance understanding of processes that regulate nuclear morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Silva-Del Toro
- Inflammation Program of the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program of the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Lee-Ann H Allen
- Inflammation Program of the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program of the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Rong Y, Yang W, Hao H, Wang W, Lin S, Shi P, Huang Y, Li B, Sun Y, Liu Z, Wu C. The Golgi microtubules regulate single cell durotaxis. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51094. [PMID: 33559938 PMCID: PMC7926246 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current understandings on cell motility and directionality rely heavily on accumulated investigations of the adhesion-actin cytoskeleton-actomyosin contractility cycles, while microtubules have been understudied in this context. Durotaxis, the ability of cells to migrate up gradients of substrate stiffness, plays a critical part in development and disease. Here, we identify the pivotal role of Golgi microtubules in durotactic migration of single cells. Using high-throughput analysis of microtubule plus ends/focal adhesion interactions, we uncover that these non-centrosomal microtubules actively impart leading edge focal adhesion (FA) dynamics. Furthermore, we designed a new system where islands of higher stiffness were patterned within RGD peptide coated polyacrylamide gels. We revealed that the positioning of the Golgi apparatus is responsive to external mechanical cues and that the Golgi-nucleus axis aligns with the stiffness gradient in durotaxis. Together, our work unveils the cytoskeletal underpinning for single cell durotaxis. We propose a model in which the Golgi-nucleus axis serves both as a compass and as a steering wheel for durotactic migration, dictating cell directionality through the interaction between non-centrosomal microtubules and the FA dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Rong
- Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Wenzhong Yang
- Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Huiwen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyBiomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC)School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenxu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shaozhen Lin
- Applied Mechanics LaboratoryDepartment of Engineering MechanicsInstitute of Biomechanics and Medical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Peng Shi
- Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yuxing Huang
- Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Bo Li
- Applied Mechanics LaboratoryDepartment of Engineering MechanicsInstitute of Biomechanics and Medical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyBiomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC)School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zheng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Congying Wu
- Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
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50
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Protean Regulation of Leukocyte Function by Nuclear Lamins. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:323-335. [PMID: 33653660 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The leukocyte nucleus must be sufficiently elastic to squeeze through tissue barriers during migration, but not so collapsible as to risk damaging chromatin. The proper balance is struck in part by the composition of the nuclear lamina, a flexible meshwork composed mainly of intermediate filaments woven from type A and type B lamin proteins, that is located subjacent to the inner nuclear membrane. There is now increasing evidence that, in addition to influencing nuclear shape and stiffness and cell migration, lamins and lamin-interacting proteins may also interact functionally with chromatin to influence leukocyte gene expression, differentiation, and effector function, including T cell differentiation, B cell somatic hypermutation, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis).
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