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Davidović B, Krunić J, Mladenović I, Stojanović N, Hannig M, Vitkov L. Effects of apical periodontitis treatment on hyperglycaemia in diabetes: A prospective cohort study. Int Endod J 2024; 57:1099-1109. [PMID: 38581182 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM This prospective cohort study was undertaken to evaluate the success rate of root canal treatment (RCT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with targeted level and unachieved targeted level of glycaemic control as well as the impact of RCT on the glucose blood level in T2DM patients. METHODOLOGY Patients needing RCT were divided into three groups: these without T2DM, that is, the control group (CG), those with targeted level of glycated haemoglobin HbA1c < 7% (TL A1c) and the third ones with unachieved targeted level (UTL A1c), that is, with HbA1c ≥ 7%. Before RCT, HbA1c and the periapical index (PAI) score were assessed, as well as 1 year later. RESULTS Our results showed less favourable treatment results of RCT such as a reduction of radiographic lesions in T2DM patients, particularly in subjects with UTL A1c. The intergroup analysis of PAI score at the 12-month follow-up revealed a significant difference in TL A1C (p = .022) and CG (p = .001) with respect to UTL A1c. Total number of healed teeth (PAI≤2) at the 12-month after RCT in UTL A1c was significantly lower in comparison to CG (p = .008). Contrariwise, RCT may improve the glycaemic control in diabetic patients with UTL A1c after 12 months of posttreatment. Regression analysis showed that UTL A1c patients were more likely to have AP persistence after endodontic treatment (OR = 4.788; CI: 1.157-19.816; p = .031). CONCLUSIONS T2DM retards the AP healing and conversely AP contributes to increasing the inflammatory burden in T2DM. RCT reduces the cumulative inflammatory burden in T2DM and thus may contribute to improvement of glycaemic control particularly in patients with UTL A1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Davidović
- Department of Dental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jelena Krunić
- Department of Dental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Irena Mladenović
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nikola Stojanović
- Department of Dental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ljubomir Vitkov
- Department of Dental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Environment & Biodiversity, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Mao HQ, Zhou L, Li JQ, Wen YH, Chen Z, Zhang L. STING inhibition alleviates bone resorption in apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2024; 57:951-965. [PMID: 38411951 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
AIM The goal of this study was to investigate the potential effects of an immunotherapeutic drug targeting STING to suppress the overreactive innate immune response and relieve the bone defect in apical periodontitis. METHODOLOGY We established an apical periodontitis mouse model in Sting-/- and WT mice in vivo. The progression of apical periodontitis was analysed by micro-CT analysis and H&E staining. The expression level and localization of STING in F4/80+ cells were identified by IHC and immunofluorescence staining. RANKL in periapical tissues was tested by IHC staining. TRAP staining was used to detect osteoclasts. To clarify the effect of STING inhibitor C-176 as an immunotherapeutic drug, mice with apical periodontitis were treated with C-176 and the bone loss was identified by H&E, TRAP, RANKL staining and micro-CT. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were isolated from Sting-/- and WT mice and induced to osteoclasts in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory environment in vitro. Moreover, WT BMMs were treated with C-176 to determine the effect on osteoclast differentiation by TRAP staining. The expression levels of osteoclast-related genes were tested using qRT-PCR. RESULTS Compared to WT mice, the bone resorption and inflammatory cell infiltration were reduced in exposed Sting-/- mice. In the exposed WT group, STING was activated mainly in F4/80+ macrophages. Histological staining revealed the less osteoclasts and lower expression of osteoclast-related factor RANKL in Sting-/- mice. The treatment of the STING inhibitor C-176 in an apical periodontitis mice model alleviated inflammation progression and bone loss, similar to the effect observed in Sting-/- mice. Expression of RANKL and osteoclast number in periapical tissues were also decreased after C-176 administration. In vitro, TRAP staining showed fewer positive cells and qRT-PCR reflected decreased expression of osteoclastic marker, Src and Acp5 were detected during osteoclastic differentiation in Sting-/- and C-176 treated BMMs. CONCLUSIONS STING was activated and was proven to be a positive factor in bone loss and osteoclastogenesis in apical periodontitis. The STING inhibitor C-176 administration could alleviate the bone loss via modulating local immune response, which provided immunotherapy to the treatment of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Lu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Yuan-Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Toledano-Osorio M, Osorio R, Bueno J, Vallecillo C, Vallecillo-Rivas M, Sanz M. Next-generation antibacterial nanopolymers for treating oral chronic inflammatory diseases of bacterial origin. Int Endod J 2024; 57:787-803. [PMID: 38340038 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Periodontitis' refers to periodontal destruction of connective tissue attachment and bone, in response to microorganisms forming subgingival biofilms on the root surface, while 'apical periodontitis' refers to periapical inflammatory processes occurring in response to microorganisms within the root canal system. The treatment of both diseases is based on the elimination of the bacterial challenge, though its predictability depends on the ability of disrupting these biofilms, what may need adjunctive antibacterial strategies, such as the next-generation antibacterial strategies (NGAS). From all the newly developed NGAS, the use of polymeric nanotechnology may pose a potential effective approach. Although some of these strategies have only been tested in vitro and in preclinical in vivo models, their use holds a great potential, and therefore, it is relevant to understand their mechanism of action and evaluate their scientific evidence of efficacy. OBJECTIVES To explore NGAS based on polymeric nanotechnology used for the potential treatment of periodontitis and apical periodontitis. METHOD A systemic search of scientific publications of adjunctive antimicrobial strategies using nanopolymers to treat periodontal and periapical diseases was conducted using The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE by PubMed), The Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, EMBASE and Web of Science. RESULTS Different polymeric nanoparticles, nanofibres and nanostructured hydrogels combined with antimicrobial substances have been identified in the periodontal literature, being the most commonly used nanopolymers of polycaprolactone, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan. As antimicrobials, the most frequently used have been antibiotics, though other antimicrobial substances, such as metallic ions, peptides and naturally derived products, have also been added to the nanopolymers. CONCLUSION Polymeric nanomaterials containing antimicrobial compounds may be considered as a potential NGAS. Its relative efficacy, however, is not well understood since most of the existing evidence is derived from in vitro or preclinical in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano-Osorio
- Postgraduate Program of Specialization in Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jaime Bueno
- Postgraduate Program of Specialization in Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Bordagaray MJ, Pellegrini E, Garrido M, Hernández-Ríos P, Villalobos T, Fernández A, Hernández M. Elevated serum hepatic transaminases in apical periodontitis individuals. Int Endod J 2024. [PMID: 38864596 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM Apical periodontitis (AP) is the chronic inflammation of the periradicular tissues in response to root canal infection. Whilst AP has been linked with systemic inflammation and noncommunicable diseases, its potential association with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels as surrogate markers of hepatic injury, and the systemic inflammatory burden in otherwise healthy individuals with and without AP diagnosis. METHODOLOGY Cross-sectional study. Individuals with AP (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 29) were recruited. The number, mean diameter (mm) and periapical index of the apical lesions of endodontic origin (ALEO) were assessed. ALT and AST levels (pg/mL) were measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-17A and IL-22 were evaluated by Multiplex assay. Inferential analysis was performed using t-test or Mann-Whitney tests according to data distribution and linear regression models. Data were analysed with StataV16 (p < .05). RESULTS ALT and AST levels were significantly higher in individuals with AP compared to controls (p < .05). Serum inflammatory biomarkers showed no significant differences between the study groups. Bivariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that AP diagnosis was independently associated with ALT and AST elevations (p < .05). Additionally, the number of ALEO positively influenced AST levels (p = .002). IL-22 on the other hand, was associated with reduced ALT levels (p = .043). CONCLUSION AP is associated with higher serum hepatic transaminases ALT and AST, potentially contributing to NAFLD physiopathology in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Bordagaray
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Pellegrini
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Garrido
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Hernández-Ríos
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Villalobos
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Marcela Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Melgar-Rodríguez S, Polanco A, Ríos-Muñoz J, García M, Sierra-Cristancho A, González-Osuna L, Díaz-Zúñiga J, Carvajal P, Vernal R, Bravo D. Differential Response of Human Dendritic Cells upon Stimulation with Encapsulated or Non-Encapsulated Isogenic Strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4510. [PMID: 38674095 PMCID: PMC11049913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During periodontitis, the extracellular capsule of Porphyromonas gingivalis favors alveolar bone loss by inducing Th1 and Th17 patterns of lymphocyte response in the infected periodontium. Dendritic cells recognize bacterial antigens and present them to T lymphocytes, defining their activation and polarization. Thus, dendritic cells could be involved in the Th1 and Th17 response induced against the P. gingivalis capsule. Herein, monocyte-derived dendritic cells were obtained from healthy individuals and then stimulated with different encapsulated strains of P. gingivalis or two non-encapsulated isogenic mutants. Dendritic cell differentiation and maturation were analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression levels for distinct Th1-, Th17-, or T-regulatory-related cytokines and transcription factors, as well as TLR2 and TLR4, were assessed by qPCR. In addition, the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, and TNF-α was analyzed by ELISA. The encapsulated strains and non-encapsulated mutants of P. gingivalis induced dendritic cell maturation to a similar extent; however, the pattern of dendritic cell response was different. In particular, the encapsulated strains of P. gingivalis induced higher expression of IRF4 and NOTCH2 and production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, and TNF-α compared with the non-encapsulated mutants, and thus, they showed an increased capacity to trigger Th1 and Th17-type responses in human dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Melgar-Rodríguez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (S.M.-R.); (A.P.); (J.R.-M.); (M.G.); (A.S.-C.); (L.G.-O.); (J.D.-Z.); (P.C.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Alan Polanco
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (S.M.-R.); (A.P.); (J.R.-M.); (M.G.); (A.S.-C.); (L.G.-O.); (J.D.-Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Jearitza Ríos-Muñoz
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (S.M.-R.); (A.P.); (J.R.-M.); (M.G.); (A.S.-C.); (L.G.-O.); (J.D.-Z.); (P.C.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Michelle García
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (S.M.-R.); (A.P.); (J.R.-M.); (M.G.); (A.S.-C.); (L.G.-O.); (J.D.-Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Alfredo Sierra-Cristancho
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (S.M.-R.); (A.P.); (J.R.-M.); (M.G.); (A.S.-C.); (L.G.-O.); (J.D.-Z.); (P.C.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370035, Chile
| | - Luis González-Osuna
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (S.M.-R.); (A.P.); (J.R.-M.); (M.G.); (A.S.-C.); (L.G.-O.); (J.D.-Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (S.M.-R.); (A.P.); (J.R.-M.); (M.G.); (A.S.-C.); (L.G.-O.); (J.D.-Z.); (P.C.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Paola Carvajal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (S.M.-R.); (A.P.); (J.R.-M.); (M.G.); (A.S.-C.); (L.G.-O.); (J.D.-Z.); (P.C.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (S.M.-R.); (A.P.); (J.R.-M.); (M.G.); (A.S.-C.); (L.G.-O.); (J.D.-Z.); (P.C.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Denisse Bravo
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Microbianas, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370035, Chile
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Luo J, Liang C, Chen K, Zeng K, Bai R, Tang C, Li J, Nong X. Artesunate-loaded thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel promotes osteogenesis of maxillary tooth extraction through regulating T lymphocytes in type 2 diabetic rats. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:356. [PMID: 38509482 PMCID: PMC10953264 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causes severe bone loss after tooth extraction as a hyperglycemic environment causes aberrant bone homeostasis. Artesunate (ART) is known to possess anti-inflammation and osteogenic properties. However, its osteogenesis property in alveolar bone remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the osteogenic and immunoregulatory effects of artesunate-loaded thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel (ART-loaded TCH) on maxilla tooth extraction in T2DM rats. METHODS T2DM rats were induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Different concentrations of ART-loaded TCH were applied in tooth extraction sockets. Bone loss and the expression of osteogenic regulatory factors (OPG, ALP, RANK) were evaluated. The immunoregulatory effects of ART-loaded TCH were observed through detecting the infiltration of T lymphocytes and their cytokines. The underlying mechanisms were explored. RESULTS Results showed that the 150 mg/ml ART-loaded TCH group significantly ameliorated maxilla bone height and bone mineral density when compared with the T2DM group (p < 0.05). It also improved the expression of OPG, ALP, and RANK. Although the alteration of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and CD4+:CD8+ T ratio has no significant difference among groups, the release of Th1 and Th2 in the 150 mg/ml ART-loaded TCH group has been significantly regulated than in the T2DM group (p < 0.05). Besides, ART-loaded TCH treatment inhibited the expression of p38 MAPK and ERK1 in T2DM maxilla. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the results indicated that 150 mg/ml ART-loaded TCH could be an effective method to prevent bone loss in T2DM tooth extraction rats by modulating the immunoregulation of Th1 and Th2 and the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Luo
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No.10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Chen Liang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No.10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Kun Chen
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No.10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No.10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Rui Bai
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No.10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Chan Tang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No.10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jiaquan Li
- Medical Science Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xiaolin Nong
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No.10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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Almeida LKY, Battaglino RA, Araujo LDC, Lucisano MP, Massoni VV, da Silva LAB, Nelson-Filho P, Morse LR, da Silva RAB. TLR2 agonist prevents the progression of periapical lesions in mice by reducing osteoclast activity and regulating the frequency of Tregs. Int Endod J 2024; 57:328-343. [PMID: 38236318 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the role of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) in the presence or absence of the synthetic ligand Pam3Cys during the progression of periapical lesion in wild-type (WT) and toll-like receptor 2 knockout (TLR2KO) mice. METHODOLOGY A total of 130 C57BL/6 male WT and TLR2KO mice were allocated into control (n = 5) and experimental (periapical lesion induction) (n = 10) groups. In specific groups (WT+Pam3cys and TLR2KO+Pam3cys), the synthetic ligand Pam3cys was administered intraperitoneally every 7 days, according to the experimental period (14, 21 and 42 days). At the end of those periods, the animals were euthanized, and the mandible and the spleen were submitted to histotechnical processing. Mandible histological sections were analysed by haematoxylin and eosin, TRAP histoenzymology and immunohistochemistry (FOXP3, RANK, RANKL and OPG). Spleen sections were analysed by immunohistochemistry (FOXP3). RESULTS The inflammatory infiltrate and bone resorption were more intense in the TLR2KO group compared to the WT group. The animals that received the Pam3cys had smaller periapical lesions when compared to the animals that did not receive the ligand (p < .05). TLR2KO animals showed a significant increase in the number of osteoclasts when compared to TLR2KO+Pam3cys group (p < .05). At 21 days, the WT+Pam3cys group had a lower number of osteoclasts when compared to the WT animals (p = .02). FOXP3 expression was more intense in the WT+Pam3cys groups when compared to the WT animals in the 42 days (p = .03). In the spleen analysis, the WT+Pam3cys group also had a higher expression of FOXP3 when compared to the WT animals at 14 and 42 days (p = .02). Concerning RANKL, there was a reduction in staining in the KOTLR2+Pam3cys groups at 21 and 42 days (p = .03) and a higher binding ratio between RANK/RANKL in animals that did not receive the ligand. CONCLUSION Administration of the Pam3cys increased the proliferation of Tregs, showed by FOXP3 expression and prevented the progression of the periapical lesion in WT mice. On the other hand, in the TLR2KO animals, Treg expression was lower with larger areas of periapical lesions. Finally, systemic administration of the Pam3cys in KO animals was able to limit the deleterious effects of the absence of the TLR2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Kei Yamamoto Almeida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Anibal Battaglino
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa Danielly Curcino Araujo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília Pacífico Lucisano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vicentin Massoni
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leslie Rae Morse
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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8
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Choukroun E, Parnot M, Surmenian J, Gruber R, Cohen N, Davido N, Simonpieri A, Savoldelli C, Afota F, El Mjabber H, Choukroun J. Bone Formation and Maintenance in Oral Surgery: The Decisive Role of the Immune System-A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Solutions. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:191. [PMID: 38391677 PMCID: PMC10886049 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the evidence of a significant communication and connection pathway between the bone and immune systems, a new science has emerged: osteoimmunology. Indeed, the immune system has a considerable impact on bone health and diseases, as well as on bone formation during grafts and its stability over time. Chronic inflammation induces the excessive production of oxidants. An imbalance between the levels of oxidants and antioxidants is called oxidative stress. This physio-pathological state causes both molecular and cellular damage, which leads to DNA alterations, genetic mutations and cell apoptosis, and thus, impaired immunity followed by delayed or compromised wound healing. Oxidative stress levels experienced by the body affect bone regeneration and maintenance around teeth and dental implants. As the immune system and bone remodeling are interconnected, bone loss is a consequence of immune dysregulation. Therefore, oral tissue deficiencies such as periodontitis and peri-implantitis should be regarded as immune diseases. Bone management strategies should include both biological and surgical solutions. These protocols tend to improve immunity through antioxidant production to enhance bone formation and prevent bone loss. This narrative review aims to highlight the relationship between inflammation, oxidation, immunity and bone health in the oral cavity. It intends to help clinicians to detect high-risk situations in oral surgery and to propose biological and clinical solutions that will enhance patients' immune responses and surgical treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Franck Afota
- Private Practice, 06000 Nice, France
- Head and Neck Institute, CHU, 06000 Nice, France
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Lin EC, Chiang YC, Lin HY, Tseng SY, Hsieh YT, Shieh JA, Huang YH, Tsai HT, Feng SW, Peng TY, Lee IT. Unraveling the Link between Periodontitis and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Exploring Pathogenic Pathways and Clinical Implications. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2789. [PMID: 37893162 PMCID: PMC10604139 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis involves the inflammation of the periodontal tissue, leading to tissue loss, while coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly transmissible respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is amplified by poor systemic health. Key facilitators of SARS-CoV-2's entry into host cells are angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). This review reveals that periodontal pockets can serve as a hotspot for virus accumulation, rendering surrounding epithelia more susceptible to infection. Given that ACE2 is expressed in oral mucosa, it is reasonable to suggest that poor periodontal health could increase the risk of COVID-19 infection. However, recent studies have not provided sufficient evidence to imply a significant effect of COVID-19 on periodontal health, necessitating further and more long-term investigations. Nevertheless, there are hypotheses linking the mechanisms of the two diseases, such as the involvement of interleukin-17 (IL-17). Elevated IL-17 levels are observed in both COVID-19 and periodontitis, leading to increased osteoclast activity and bone resorption. Lastly, bidirectional relationships between periodontitis and systemic diseases like diabetes are acknowledged. Given that COVID-19 symptoms may worsen with these conditions, maintaining good oral health and managing systemic diseases are suggested as potential ways to protect against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tzu-Yu Peng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (E.-C.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (H.-Y.L.); (S.-Y.T.); (Y.-T.H.); (J.-A.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-T.T.); (S.-W.F.)
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (E.-C.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (H.-Y.L.); (S.-Y.T.); (Y.-T.H.); (J.-A.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-T.T.); (S.-W.F.)
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10
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Vicencio E, Nuñez-Belmar J, Cardenas JP, Cortés BI, Martin AJM, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Rojas A, Cafferata EA, González-Osuna L, Vernal R, Cortez C. Transcriptional Signatures and Network-Based Approaches Identified Master Regulators Transcription Factors Involved in Experimental Periodontitis Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14835. [PMID: 37834287 PMCID: PMC10573220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the progressive and irreversible destruction of the periodontium. Its aetiopathogenesis lies in the constant challenge of the dysbiotic biofilm, which triggers a deregulated immune response responsible for the disease phenotype. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying periodontitis have been extensively studied, the regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional level remain unclear. To generate transcriptomic data, we performed RNA shotgun sequencing of the oral mucosa of periodontitis-affected mice. Since genes are not expressed in isolation during pathological processes, we disclose here the complete repertoire of differentially expressed genes (DEG) and co-expressed modules to build Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) and identify the Master Transcriptional Regulators of periodontitis. The transcriptional changes revealed 366 protein-coding genes and 42 non-coding genes differentially expressed and enriched in the immune response. Furthermore, we found 13 co-expression modules with different representation degrees and gene expression levels. Our GRN comprises genes from 12 gene clusters, 166 nodes, of which 33 encode Transcription Factors, and 201 connections. Finally, using these strategies, 26 master regulators of periodontitis were identified. In conclusion, combining the transcriptomic analyses with the regulatory network construction represents a powerful and efficient strategy for identifying potential periodontitis-therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Vicencio
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile;
| | - Josefa Nuñez-Belmar
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile; (J.N.-B.); (J.P.C.)
| | - Juan P. Cardenas
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile; (J.N.-B.); (J.P.C.)
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Bastian I. Cortés
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Alberto J. M. Martin
- Laboratorio de Redes Biológicas, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile;
- Escuela de Ingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Centro de Modelamiento Molecular, Biofísica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (V.M.-C.); (A.R.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases—ACCDiS, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Adolfo Rojas
- Centro de Modelamiento Molecular, Biofísica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (V.M.-C.); (A.R.)
| | - Emilio A. Cafferata
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (E.A.C.); (L.G.-O.); (R.V.)
| | - Luis González-Osuna
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (E.A.C.); (L.G.-O.); (R.V.)
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (E.A.C.); (L.G.-O.); (R.V.)
| | - Cristian Cortez
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile;
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Goto H, Kikuchi T, Takayanagi Y, Kamiya Y, Suzuki Y, Kawamura S, Sawada N, Hayashi JI, Mitani A. Ebi3 knockout aggravates experimental periodontitis via Th17 polarization. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1406-1418. [PMID: 37534736 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of Ebi3-related cytokines (i.e., interleukin [IL]-35 and/or IL-27) in experimental periodontitis using Ebi3 knockout (KO) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The maxillary right second molar teeth of Ebi3 KO mice and C57BL/6 mice were tied with a silk ligature to induce periodontitis. Three days after ligation, gingival tissues were collected for gene expression analyses. Five days after ligation, the maxillae were removed for haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Seven days after ligation, the maxillae were removed for micro-computed tomography. RESULTS The ligated side of Ebi3 KO mice showed intense alveolar bone resorption, which was substantially more pronounced than in wild-type (WT) mice. IL-17A expression was significantly higher in the gingiva of the ligated side of Ebi3 KO mice compared with WT mice. IL-10 expression was significantly lower in Ebi3 KO mice than in WT mice. The ligature-induced alveolar bone resorption in Ebi3 KO mice that received recombinant IL-35 injection was significantly less compared with that in Ebi3 KO mice that received control injection. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings suggest that Th17 cells exacerbate experimental periodontitis in mice lacking Ebi3 and that IL-35 may play a critical role in inhibiting periodontal tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Goto
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikuchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuhei Takayanagi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kamiya
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kawamura
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noritaka Sawada
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Mitani
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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12
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Kuo TY, Hsieh MC, Cheng CD, Huang RY, Van Dyke TE, Sung CE, Wang CY, Hsieh YS, Cheng WC. Chlorhexidine gel topical application ameliorates inflammatory bone loss in experimental periodontitis. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:899-910. [PMID: 36801153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the impact of chlorhexidine (CHX) gel on inflammation-induced periodontal tissue destruction, osteoclastogenesis, subgingival microbiota, and on the modulation of the RANKL/OPG as well as inflammatory mediators during bone remodeling in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ligation- and LPS injection-induced experimental periodontitis were created to investigate the effect of topical application of CHX gel in vivo. Alveolar bone loss, osteoclast number and gingival inflammation was evaluated by micro-CT, histological, immunohistochemistry and biochemical analysis. The composition of the subgingival microbiota was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Data shows significant decreases in the alveolar bone destruction in rats from ligation-plus-CHX gel group compared to ligation group. In addition, significant decreases in the number of osteoclasts on bone surface and the protein level of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in gingival tissue were observed in rats from ligation-plus-CHX gel group. Moreover, data shows significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased expression of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in gingival tissue from ligation-plus-CHX gel group versus ligation group. Assessment of the subgingival microbiota revealed changes in rats with CHX gel application treatment. CONCLUSION HX gel presents protective effect on gingival tissue inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, RANKL/OPG expression, inflammatory mediators, and alveolar bone loss in vivo, which may have a translational impact on the adjunctive use in the management of inflammation-induced alveolar bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yen Kuo
- Dental Department, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chieh Hsieh
- Dentistry Division, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Dan Cheng
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Yeong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cheng-En Sung
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ying Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Periodontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Hsieh
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chien Cheng
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Abdalla HB, Alvarez C, Wu YC, Rojas P, Hammock BD, Maddipati KR, Trindade-da-Silva CA, Soares MQS, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Kantarci A, Napimoga MH, Van Dyke TE. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition enhances production of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator and promotes macrophage plasticity. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1597-1615. [PMID: 36508312 PMCID: PMC10175184 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and other epoxy fatty acids (EpFA) are lipid mediators that are rapidly inactivated by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Uncontrolled and chronic inflammatory disorders fail to sufficiently activate endogenous regulatory pathways, including the production of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). Here, we addressed the relationship between SPMs and the EET/sEH axis and explored the effects of sEH inhibition on resolving macrophage phenotype. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were treated with a sEH inhibitor, EETs, or sEH inhibitor + EETs (combination) before ligature placement to induce experimental periodontitis. Using RT-qPCR, gingival samples were used to examine SPM receptors and osteolytic and inflammatory biomarkers. Maxillary alveolar bone loss was quantified by micro-CT and methylene blue staining. SPM levels were analysed by salivary metabolo-lipidomics. Gingival macrophage phenotype plasticity was determined by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. Effects of sEH inhibition on macrophage polarization and SPM production were assessed with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). KEY RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition of sEH suppressed bone resorption and the inflammatory cytokine storm in experimental periodontitis. Lipidomic analysis revealed that sEH inhibition augmented levels of LXA4, RvE1, RvE2, and 4-HDoHE, concomitant with up-regulation of LTB4R1, CMKLR1/ChemR23, and ALX/FPR2 SPM receptors. Notably, there is an impact on gingival macrophage plasticity was affected suggesting an inflammation resolving phenotype with sEH inhibition. In BMDMs, sEH inhibition reduced inflammatory macrophage activation, and resolving macrophages were triggered to produce SPMs. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Pharmacological sEH inhibition increased SPM synthesis associated with resolving macrophages, suggesting a potential target to control osteolytic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique B Abdalla
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carla Alvarez
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu-Chiao Wu
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paola Rojas
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Carlos Antonio Trindade-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariana Q S Soares
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Juliana T Clemente-Napimoga
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcelo H Napimoga
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Kou Y, Jiang Y, Liu S, Yang P, Lu Y, Liu H, Li M. Regulatory T cells showed characteristics of T helper-17(Th17) cells in mice periodontitis model. Oral Dis 2023; 29:1149-1162. [PMID: 34741371 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to clarify the regulatory role of Th17-Treg balance in periodontitis and further reveal Treg plasticity. MATERIALS AND METHODS An experimental periodontitis model was established by ligation and injection of Pg-LPS. Inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR. Alveolar bone absorption was evaluated by micro-CT and histomorphology. Quantities of Treg and Th17 cell and their related gene expression were examined. Furthermore, after magnetic bead-sorting spleen Treg cells, Treg/Th17 characteristic genes were explored. Immunofluorescence double staining of Foxp3 and IL-17 was conducted to further reveal Treg plasticity. RESULTS Inflammatory cytokines in serum and gingival tissue increased significantly in periodontitis, which revealed obvious crestal bone loss. Further analysis showed that the number of Th17 cells and expression of related genes increased more significantly than Treg cells, demonstrating Treg-Th17 imbalance. Flow cytometry showed that the proportions of Treg cells in the blood and spleen were lower in periodontitis group. Furthermore, Foxp3 was downregulated, and Rorc/ IL-17A were increased in Treg cells of periodontitis group. Immunofluorescence double staining showed significantly increased number of IL-17+Foxp3+ cells in periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS These results provided evidence that Treg cells showed characteristics of Th17 cells in mice with periodontitis, although its mechanisms require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Kou
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yupu Lu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
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SOCS2 regulates alveolar bone loss in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced periodontal disease. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:859-873. [PMID: 36912916 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)-induced alveolar bone loss is unknown; thus, it was investigated in this study. METHODS Alveolar bone loss was induced by infecting C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and Socs2-knockout (Socs2-/-) mice with Aa. Bone parameters, bone loss, bone cell counts, the expression of bone remodeling markers, and cytokine profile were evaluated by microtomography, histology, qPCR, and/or ELISA. Bone marrow cells (BMC) from WT and Socs2-/- mice were differentiated in osteoblasts or osteoclasts for analysis of the expression of specific markers. RESULTS Socs2-/- mice intrinsically exhibited irregular phenotypes in the maxillary bone and an increased number of osteoclasts. Upon Aa infection, SOCS2 deficiency resulted in the increased alveolar bone loss, despite decreased proinflammatory cytokine production, in comparison to the WT mice. In vitro, SOCS2 deficiency resulted in the increased osteoclasts formation, decreased expression of bone remodeling markers, and proinflammatory cytokines after Aa-LPS stimulus. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, data suggest that SOCS2 is a regulator of Aa-induced alveolar bone loss by controlling the differentiation and activity of bone cells, and proinflammatory cytokines availability in the periodontal microenvironment and an important target for new therapeutic strategies. Thus, it can be helpful in preventing alveolar bone loss in periodontal inflammatory conditions.
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16
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Macrophage Repolarization as a Therapeutic Strategy for Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032858. [PMID: 36769180 PMCID: PMC9917837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are versatile immune cells and can adapt to both external stimuli and their surrounding environment. Macrophages are categorized into two major categories; M1 macrophages release pro-inflammatory cytokines and produce protective responses that lead to antimicrobial or antitumor activity. M2 or tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) release anti-inflammatory cytokines that support tumor growth, invasion capacity, and metastatic potential. Since macrophages can be re-polarized from an M2 to an M1 phenotype with a variety of strategies, this has emerged as an innovative anti-cancer approach. Osteosarcoma (OS) is a kind of bone cancer and consists of a complex niche, and immunotherapy is not very effective. Therefore, immediate attention to new strategies is required. We incorporated the recent studies that have used M2-M1 repolarization strategies in the aspect of treating OS cancer.
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Abdalla HB, Van Dyke TE. The impact of the soluble epoxide hydrolase cascade on periodontal tissues. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2023.1129371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with complex pathogenesis. Uncontrolled inflammation is driven by the immune system in response to accumulation of oral biofilm that leads to alveolar bone loss, bleeding, increased periodontal probing depth with loss of attachment of the connective tissues to the tooth, and ultimately, tooth loss. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an enzyme that converts epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) produced by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) to an inactive diol. It has been shown that EpFAs display important features to counteract an exaggerated inflammatory process. Based upon this observation, inhibitors of sEH have been developed and are being proposed as a strategy to regulate proinflammatory inflammatory lipid mediator production and the chronicity of inflammation. This mini review focuses on the impact of sEH inhibition on periodontal tissues focusing on the mechanisms involved. The interaction between Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators and sEH inhibition emerges as a significant mechanism of action of sEH inhibitors that was not formerly appreciated and provides new insight into the role SPMs may play in prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
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Ge S, Ren H, Guo Q, Wang X, Liu Y, Lin B, Huang K. Wuweixiaoduyin regulates TAZ-mediated immunoregulatory properties of Treg/TH17 cells in chronic osteomyelitis. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36641597 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2166706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Wuwei xiaoduyin (WWXDY) is a prescription for Chronic osteomyelitis (COM) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, its specific mechanism remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of WWXDY in COM treatment. To clarify the potential role of TAZ in the treatment of COM by WWXDY via regulatory CD4+ T cells differentiation. The expressions of TAZ, RORγt and Foxp3 were determined by Quantitative Real-time PCR and Western blot. Besides, levels of IL-21, IL-17 and IL-10 in peripheral blood were detected by using ELISA. Molecular dynamics simulations and docking were further utilized to explore the binding mechanism. COM resulted in abnormal cell differentiation and an imbalance of Treg/Th17. In comparison with the control group, the percentage of Treg cells, Foxp3 expression and secretion of IL-17 and -21 cytokines decreased (P < 0.001), while the proportion of Th17 cells, the levels of TAZ and RORγt and concentration of IL-10 in PBMCs increased in the COM group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the above abnormal differentiation and function of Treg/Th17 cells in COM were suppressed after treatment with WWXDY in vivo and in vitro. In addition, TEAD1 inhibited the therapeutic effect of WWXDY in terms of Treg/Th17 cells with COM. it was found that the main active ingredients were cichoric acid and isocarlinoside. WWXDY regulates immunoregulatory properties of Treg/Th17 cells in COM mainly by mediating TAZ expression. By inhibiting the chronic inflammation in COM, WWXDY is potentially used to inhibit the progression of COM into bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyong Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaofeng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingyuan Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yuan X, Zhou F, Wang H, Xu X, Xu S, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Lu M, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Li H, Zhang X, Zhang T, Song J. Systemic antibiotics increase microbiota pathogenicity and oral bone loss. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:4. [PMID: 36631439 PMCID: PMC9834248 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the most widespread oral disease and is closely related to the oral microbiota. The oral microbiota is adversely affected by some pharmacologic treatments. Systemic antibiotics are widely used for infectious diseases but can lead to gut dysbiosis, causing negative effects on the human body. Whether systemic antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis can affect the oral microbiota or even periodontitis has not yet been addressed. In this research, mice were exposed to drinking water containing a cocktail of four antibiotics to explore how systemic antibiotics affect microbiota pathogenicity and oral bone loss. The results demonstrated, for the first time, that gut dysbiosis caused by long-term use of antibiotics can disturb the oral microbiota and aggravate periodontitis. Moreover, the expression of cytokines related to Th17 was increased while transcription factors and cytokines related to Treg were decreased in the periodontal tissue. Fecal microbiota transplantation with normal mice feces restored the gut microbiota and barrier, decreased the pathogenicity of the oral microbiota, reversed the Th17/Treg imbalance in periodontal tissue, and alleviated alveolar bone loss. This study highlights the potential adverse effects of long-term systemic antibiotics-induced gut dysbiosis on the oral microbiota and periodontitis. A Th17/Treg imbalance might be related to this relationship. Importantly, these results reveal that the periodontal condition of patients should be assessed regularly when using systemic antibiotics in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulei Yuan
- grid.459985.cChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuyuan Zhou
- grid.459985.cChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - He Wang
- grid.459985.cChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- grid.459985.cChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shihan Xu
- grid.459985.cChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuangwei Zhang
- grid.459985.cChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- grid.459985.cChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Lu
- grid.459985.cChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- grid.459985.cChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhou
- grid.459985.cChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Li
- grid.459985.cChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ximu Zhang
- grid.459985.cChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jinlin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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20
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Akashi Y, Nagasaki A, Okawa H, Matsumoto T, Kondo T, Yatani H, Nishimura I, Egusa H. Cyclic pressure-induced cytokines from gingival fibroblasts stimulate osteoclast activity: Clinical implications for alveolar bone loss in denture wearers. J Prosthodont Res 2023; 67:77-86. [PMID: 35185110 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_21_00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The involvement of oral mucosa cells in mechanical stress-induced bone resorption is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cyclic pressure-induced cytokines from oral mucosal cells (human gingival fibroblasts: hGFs) on osteoclast activity in vitro.Methods Cyclic pressure at 50 kPa, which represents high physiologic occlusal force of dentures on the molar area, was applied to hGFs. NFAT-reporter stable RAW264.7 preosteoclasts (NFAT/Luc-RAW cells) were cultured in conditioned medium collected from hGF cultures under cyclic pressure or static conditions. NFAT activity and osteoclast formation were determined by luciferase reporter assay and TRAP staining, respectively. Cyclic pressure-induced cytokines in hGF culture were detected by ELISA, real-time RT-PCR, and cytokine array analyses.Results Conditioned media from hGFs treated with 48 hours of cyclic pressure significantly induced NFAT activity and increased multinucleated osteoclast formation. Furthermore, the cyclic pressure significantly increased the bone resorption activity of RAW264.7 cells. Cyclic pressure significantly increased the expression of major inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β/IL-1β, IL-6/IL-6, IL-8/IL-8 and MCP-1/CCL2 in hGFs compared to hGFs cultured under static conditions, and it suppressed osteoprotegerin (OPG/OPG) expression. A cytokine array detected 12 cyclic pressure-induced candidates. Among them, IL-8, decorin, MCP-1 and ferritin increased, whereas IL-28A and PDGF-BB decreased, NFAT activation of NFAT/Luc-RAW cells.Conclusions These results suggest that cyclic pressure-induced cytokines from hGFs promote osteoclastogenesis, possibly including up-regulation of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1, and down-regulation of OPG. These findings introduce the possible involvement of GFs in mechanical stress-induced alveolar ridge resorption, such as in denture wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Akashi
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Nagasaki
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Takeru Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan.,Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hirofumi Yatani
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan.,Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
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21
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Contribution of -Omics Technologies in the Study of Porphyromonas gingivalis during Periodontitis Pathogenesis: A Minireview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010620. [PMID: 36614064 PMCID: PMC9820714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a non-communicable chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the progressive and irreversible breakdown of the soft periodontal tissues and resorption of teeth-supporting alveolar bone. The etiology of periodontitis involves dysbiotic shifts in the diversity of microbial communities inhabiting the subgingival crevice, which is dominated by anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis. Indeed, P. gingivalis is a keystone pathogen with a repertoire of attributes that allow it to colonize periodontal tissues and influence the metabolism, growth rate, and virulence of other periodontal bacteria. The pathogenic potential of P. gingivalis has been traditionally analyzed using classical biochemical and molecular approaches. However, the arrival of new techniques, such as whole-genome sequencing, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, allowed the generation of high-throughput data, offering a suitable option for bacterial analysis, allowing a deeper understanding of the pathogenic properties of P. gingivalis and its interaction with the host. In the present review, we revise the use of the different -omics technologies and techniques used to analyze bacteria and discuss their potential in studying the pathogenic potential of P. gingivalis.
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22
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Peng M, Ma X, Cao Y, Wang C, Tan Q, Chu X, Zhou P, Fu T, Liang P, Ran S, He TC, Wang J, Huang E. Comparison of the biomechanical differences in the occlusal movement of wild-type and BMP9 knockout mice with apical periodontitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1036061. [PMID: 36324890 PMCID: PMC9618864 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1036061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is a common clinical disease caused by bacteria; bacterial metabolites can cause an imbalance in bone homeostasis, bone mass reduction, and tooth loss. Bone resorption in apical periodontitis causes a concentration of stress in the tooth and periodontal tissues during occlusion, which aggravates the disease. Emerging evidence indicates that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), also known as growth differentiation factor 2(Gdf2), may play an important role in tooth and dentoalveolar development. Herein, we investigated the role of BMP9 in the development of apical periodontitis and its effects on the biomechanics of dentoalveolar bone. Apical periodontitis models were established in five BMP9 knockout (KO) mice and five C57BL/6 WT (wild-type) mice. At baseline and 14, 28, and 42 days after modeling, in vivo micro-computed tomography analysis and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction were performed to evaluate the apical lesion in each mouse, and confirm that the animal models were successfully established. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to study the stress and strain at the alveolar fossa of each mouse under the same vertical and lateral stress. FEA revealed that the stress and strain at the alveolar fossa of each mouse gradually concentrated on the tooth cervix. The stress and strain at the tooth cervix gradually increased with time but were decreased at day 42. Under the same lingual loading, the maximum differences of the stress and strain at the tooth root in KO mice were greater than those in WT mice. Thus, these findings demonstrate that BMP9 could affect the biomechanical response of the alveolar fossa at the tooth root in mice with apical periodontitis. Moreover, the effects of BMP9 on the biomechanical response of the alveolar bone may be site-dependent. Overall, this work contributes to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and may inform the development of new treatment strategies for apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuying Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunjuan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Chu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiwei Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Panpan Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shidian Ran
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhua Wang, ; Enyi Huang,
| | - Enyi Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education College of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhua Wang, ; Enyi Huang,
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23
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Kalkar P, Cohen G, Tamari T, Schif-Zuck S, Zigdon-Giladi H, Ariel A. IFN-β mediates the anti-osteoclastic effect of bisphosphonates and dexamethasone. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1002550. [PMID: 36386129 PMCID: PMC9648992 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (Zol) is a potent bisphosphonate that inhibits the differentiation of monocytes into osteoclasts. It is often used in combination with dexamethasone (Dex), a glucocorticoid that promotes the resolution of inflammation, to treat malignant diseases, such as multiple myeloma. This treatment can result in bone pathologies, namely medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw, with a poor understanding of the molecular mechanism on monocyte differentiation. IFN-β is a pro-resolving cytokine well-known as an osteoclast differentiation inhibitor. Here, we explored whether Zol and/or Dex regulate macrophage osteoclastic differentiation via IFN-β. RAW 264.7 and peritoneal macrophages were treated with Zol and/or Dex for 4-24 h, and IFN-β secretion was examined by ELISA, while the IFN stimulated gene (ISG) 15 expression was evaluated by Western blotting. RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis of RAW 264.7 cells was determined by TRAP staining following treatment with Zol+Dex or IFN-β and anti-IFN-β antibodies. We found only the combination of Zol and Dex increased IFN-β secretion by RAW 264.7 macrophages at 4 h and, correspondingly, ISG15 expression in these cells at 24 h. Moreover, Zol+Dex blocked osteoclast differentiation to a similar extent as recombinant IFN-β. Neutralizing anti-IFN-β antibodies reversed the effect of Zol+Dex on ISG15 expression and partially recovered osteoclastic differentiation induced by each drug alone or in combination. Finally, we found Zol+Dex also induced IFN-β expression in peritoneal resolution phase macrophages, suggesting these drugs might be used to enhance the resolution of acute inflammation. Altogether, our findings suggest Zol+Dex block the differentiation of osteoclasts through the expression of IFN-β. Revealing the molecular pathway behind this regulation may lead to the development of IFN-β-based therapy to inhibit osteoclastogenesis in multiple myeloma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Kalkar
- Departments of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gal Cohen
- Departments of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Tamari
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sagie Schif-Zuck
- Departments of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadar Zigdon-Giladi
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amiram Ariel
- Departments of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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24
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Song Y, Li X, Huang D, Song H. Macrophages in periapical lesions: Potential roles and future directions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949102. [PMID: 36131939 PMCID: PMC9483141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periapical lesions are infectious diseases that occur in the apical region of teeth. They result in the destruction of alveolar bone and are usually accompanied by swelling, pain, and possible systemic impacts. A complex interaction between pathogens and the host immune system determines the development, progression, and outcome of periapical lesions. The lesions, if not treated promptly, may cause resorption of bone tissue, destruction of the periodontal ligament, and loss of the affected teeth, all of which can severely worsen the quality of life of patients, often at considerable economic cost to both patients and medical organizations. Macrophages are a group of heterogeneous cells that have many roles in the development of infections, destruction and reconstruction of bone tissues, and microbe–host interactions. However, the differential and comprehensive polarization of macrophages complicates the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of periapical lesion progression. This report provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in our knowledge of the potential role of macrophages in determining the turnover of human periapical lesions. For example, macrophage differentiation might indicate whether the lesions are stable or progressing while the extent of bacteria invasion could regulate the differentiation and function of macrophages involved in the periapical lesion. In addition, alternative strategies for the treatment of apical periodontitis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Song
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjie Song, ; Dingming Huang,
| | - Hongjie Song
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjie Song, ; Dingming Huang,
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25
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Polarization Profiles of T Lymphocytes and Macrophages Responses in Periodontitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:195-208. [PMID: 35612799 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting structures of teeth triggered by the complex interactions between a dysbiotic bacterial biofilm and the host's immune response that results in the characteristic loss of periodontal attachment and alveolar bone. The differential phenotypic presentations of periodontitis emerge from inter-individual differences in immune response regulatory mechanisms. The monocyte-macrophage system has a crucial role in innate immunity and the initiation of the T and B lymphocyte adaptive immune responses. Macrophages involve a heterogeneous cell population that shows wide plasticity and differentiation dynamics. In response to the inflammatory milieu, they can skew at the time of TLR ligation to predominant M1 -pro-inflammatory- or M2 -anti-inflammatory/healing- functional phenotypes. The perpetuation of inflammation by M1 macrophages leads to the recruitment of the adaptive immune response, promoting Th1, Th17, and Th22 differentiation, which are directly associated with periodontal breakdown. In contrast, M2 macrophages induce Th2 and Treg responses which are associated with periodontal homeostasis. In this article, we review the recent advances comprising the role of macrophages and lymphocyte polarization profiles and their reprogramming as potential therapeutic strategies. For this purpose, we reviewed the available literature targeting periodontitis, macrophage, and lymphocyte subpopulations with an emphasis in the later 5 years. The active reprogramming of macrophages and lymphocytes polarization crosstalk opens a promising area for therapeutic development.
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Ishii T, Ruiz-Torruella M, Yamamoto K, Yamaguchi T, Heidari A, Pierrelus R, Leon E, Shindo S, Rawas-Qalaji M, Pastore MR, Ikeda A, Nakamura S, Mawardi H, Kandalam U, Hardigan P, Witek L, Coelho PG, Kawai T. Locally Secreted Semaphorin 4D Is Engaged in Both Pathogenic Bone Resorption and Retarded Bone Regeneration in a Ligature-Induced Mouse Model of Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105630. [PMID: 35628440 PMCID: PMC9148012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) inhibits IGF-1-mediated osteogenesis by binding with PlexinB1 expressed on osteoblasts. However, its elevated level in the gingival crevice fluid of periodontitis patients and the broader scope of its activities in the context of potential upregulation of osteoclast-mediated periodontal bone-resorption suggest the need for further investigation of this multifaceted molecule. In short, the pathophysiological role of Sema4D in periodontitis requires further study. Accordingly, attachment of the ligature to the maxillary molar of mice for 7 days induced alveolar bone-resorption accompanied by locally elevated, soluble Sema4D (sSema4D), TNF-α and RANKL. Removal of the ligature induced spontaneous bone regeneration during the following 14 days, which was significantly promoted by anti-Sema4D-mAb administration. Anti-Sema4D-mAb was also suppressed in vitro osteoclastogenesis and pit formation by RANKL-stimulated BMMCs. While anti-Sema4D-mAb downmodulated the bone-resorption induced in mouse periodontitis, it neither affected local production of TNF-α and RANKL nor systemic skeletal bone remodeling. RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and resorptive activity were also suppressed by blocking of CD72, but not Plexin B2, suggesting that sSema4D released by osteoclasts promotes osteoclastogenesis via ligation to CD72 receptor. Overall, our data indicated that ssSema4D released by osteoclasts may play a dual function by decreasing bone formation, while upregulating bone-resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenobu Ishii
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
| | | | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
| | - Tsuguno Yamaguchi
- Research and Development, LION Corporation, Odawara 256-0811, Japan;
| | - Alireza Heidari
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Davie, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (A.H.); (R.P.); (E.L.); (S.S.); (M.R.-Q.); (M.R.P.); (S.N.)
| | - Roodelyne Pierrelus
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Davie, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (A.H.); (R.P.); (E.L.); (S.S.); (M.R.-Q.); (M.R.P.); (S.N.)
| | - Elizabeth Leon
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Davie, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (A.H.); (R.P.); (E.L.); (S.S.); (M.R.-Q.); (M.R.P.); (S.N.)
| | - Satoru Shindo
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Davie, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (A.H.); (R.P.); (E.L.); (S.S.); (M.R.-Q.); (M.R.P.); (S.N.)
| | - Mohamad Rawas-Qalaji
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Davie, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (A.H.); (R.P.); (E.L.); (S.S.); (M.R.-Q.); (M.R.P.); (S.N.)
| | - Maria Rita Pastore
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Davie, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (A.H.); (R.P.); (E.L.); (S.S.); (M.R.-Q.); (M.R.P.); (S.N.)
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan;
| | - Shin Nakamura
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Davie, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (A.H.); (R.P.); (E.L.); (S.S.); (M.R.-Q.); (M.R.P.); (S.N.)
| | - Hani Mawardi
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Umadevi Kandalam
- Woody L. Hunt School of Dental Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA;
| | - Patrick Hardigan
- Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Davie, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA;
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Division of Biomaterials, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (L.W.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- Division of Biomaterials, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (L.W.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Davie, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (A.H.); (R.P.); (E.L.); (S.S.); (M.R.-Q.); (M.R.P.); (S.N.)
- Cell Therapy Institute, Center for Collaborative Research, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-954-262-1282
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González-Osuna L, Sierra-Cristancho A, Cafferata EA, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Rojas C, Carvajal P, Cortez C, Vernal R. Senescent CD4 +CD28 - T Lymphocytes as a Potential Driver of Th17/Treg Imbalance and Alveolar Bone Resorption during Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052543. [PMID: 35269683 PMCID: PMC8910032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells express a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) with a pro-inflammatory bias, which contributes to the chronicity of inflammation. During chronic inflammatory diseases, infiltrating CD4+ T lymphocytes can undergo cellular senescence and arrest the surface expression of CD28, have a response biased towards T-helper type-17 (Th17) of immunity, and show a remarkable ability to induce osteoclastogenesis. As a cellular counterpart, T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs) can also undergo cellular senescence, and CD28− Tregs are able to express an SASP secretome, thus severely altering their immunosuppressive capacities. During periodontitis, the persistent microbial challenge and chronic inflammation favor the induction of cellular senescence. Therefore, senescence of Th17 and Treg lymphocytes could contribute to Th17/Treg imbalance and favor the tooth-supporting alveolar bone loss characteristic of the disease. In the present review, we describe the concept of cellular senescence; particularly, the one produced during chronic inflammation and persistent microbial antigen challenge. In addition, we detail the different markers used to identify senescent cells, proposing those specific to senescent T lymphocytes that can be used for periodontal research purposes. Finally, we discuss the existing literature that allows us to suggest the potential pathogenic role of senescent CD4+CD28− T lymphocytes in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis González-Osuna
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (A.S.-C.); (E.A.C.); (S.M.-R.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.-O.); (R.V.)
| | - Alfredo Sierra-Cristancho
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (A.S.-C.); (E.A.C.); (S.M.-R.); (C.R.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370035, Chile
| | - Emilio A. Cafferata
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (A.S.-C.); (E.A.C.); (S.M.-R.); (C.R.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru
| | - Samanta Melgar-Rodríguez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (A.S.-C.); (E.A.C.); (S.M.-R.); (C.R.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
| | - Carolina Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (A.S.-C.); (E.A.C.); (S.M.-R.); (C.R.)
| | - Paola Carvajal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
| | - Cristian Cortez
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (A.S.-C.); (E.A.C.); (S.M.-R.); (C.R.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
- Correspondence: (L.G.-O.); (R.V.)
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Li N, Fu L, Li Z, Ke Y, Wang Y, Wu J, Yu J. The Role of Immune Microenvironment in Maxillofacial Bone Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.780973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maxillofacial bone defects are common medical problems caused by congenital defects, necrosis, trauma, tumor, inflammation, and fractures non-union. Maxillofacial bone defects often need bone graft, which has many difficulties, such as limited autogenous bone supply and donor site morbidity. Bone tissue engineering is a promising strategy to overcome the above-mentioned problems. Osteoimmunology is the inter-discipline that focuses on the relationship between the skeletal and immune systems. The immune microenvironment plays a crucial role in bone healing, tissue repair and regeneration in maxillofacial region. Recent studies have revealed the vital role of immune microenvironment and bone homeostasis. In this study, we analyzed the complex interaction between immune microenvironment and bone regeneration process in oral and maxillofacial region, which will be important to improve the clinical outcome of the bone injury treatment.
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Chen J, Cheng J, Zhao C, Zhao B, Mi J, Li W. The Hippo pathway: a renewed insight in the craniofacial diseases and hard tissue remodeling. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4060-4072. [PMID: 34671220 PMCID: PMC8495397 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays an important role in many pathophysiological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation, cell death, cell migration and invasion. Because of its extensive functions, Hippo pathway is closely related to not only growth and development, but also many diseases, including inflammation and cancer. In this study, the role of Hippo pathway in craniofacial diseases and hard tissue remodeling was reviewed, in attempting to find new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jingyi Cheng
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Boxuan Zhao
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-strength Structural Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.,State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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30
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Wang L, Yang F, Qiu Y, Ye L, Song D, Huang D. The Potential Roles of T Cells in Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2021; 48:70-79. [PMID: 34627784 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periapical lesions are inflammatory diseases mainly caused by microbial infection from the root canal system, affecting the integrity of alveolar bone, periapical cementum, and periodontal ligament. The invasion of pathogenic microorganisms activates local inflammation and host immune response, especially the recruitment and differentiation of T cells. Many studies have discussed the fundamental roles of T cell-related immunological regulation and the possible clinical significance of cytokine disorders in periapical lesions. However, oral pathogen-mediated T cell immune response is far more clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discuss the research status of T cell-related immunology involved in the progression of periapical lesions and potential future directions. METHODS We conducted a literature review focusing on T cell-related immunology in periapical lesions by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect online databases. RESULTS In total 108 articles were involved in this narrative review. During the development of periapical lesions, the infiltrated number of different types of T cells and the secretion of T cell-related cytokines in root apex region reflected the inflammatory status of periapical lesions. In addition, it was also highly correlated with the periapical bone destruction. Future study could attempt to provide a wider and deeper study on the expression profile and regulatory function of T cells in the development of periapical lesions. CONCLUSION This review would help us understand the essence of the T cell-related pathology of periapical lesions and raise the potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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31
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Yang F, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Zhang L. VISTA Blockade Aggravates Bone Loss in Experimental Murine Apical Periodontitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738586. [PMID: 34691045 PMCID: PMC8529274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a novel coinhibitory immune checkpoint molecule that maintains immune homeostasis. The present study explored the role of VISTA in human and murine inflammatory tissues of apical periodontitis (AP). VISTA was upregulated in inflammatory tissues of human AP. In mice, the expression of VISTA gradually increased with the development of mouse experimental apical periodontitis (MAP), the CD3+ T cells, CD11b+ myeloid cells, and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells also gradually accumulated. Moreover, a blockade of VISTA using a mouse in vivo anti-VISTA antibody aggravated periapical bone loss and enhanced the infiltration of immune cells in an experimental mouse periapical periodontitis model. The collective results suggest that VISTA serves as a negative regulator of the development and bone loss of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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32
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Natural Killer T (NKT) Cells and Periodontitis: Potential Regulatory Role of NKT10 Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5573937. [PMID: 34594157 PMCID: PMC8478603 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5573937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells constitute a unique subset of T lymphocytes characterized by specifically interacting with antigenic glycolipids conjugated to the CD1d receptor on antigen-presenting cells. Functionally, NKT cells are capable of performing either effector or suppressor immune responses, depending on their production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines, respectively. Effector NKT cells are subdivided into three subsets, termed NKT1, NKT2, and NKT17, based on the cytokines they produce and their similarity to the cytokine profile produced by Th1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocytes, respectively. Recently, a new subgroup of NKT cells termed NKT10 has been described, which cooperates and interacts with other immune cells to promote immunoregulatory responses. Although the tissue-specific functions of NKT cells have not been fully elucidated, their activity has been associated with the pathogenesis of different inflammatory diseases with immunopathogenic similarities to periodontitis, including osteolytic pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. In the present review, we revise and discuss the pathogenic characteristics of NKT cells in these diseases and their role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis; particularly, we analyze the potential regulatory role of the IL-10-producing NKT10 cells.
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33
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González-Osuna L, Sierra-Cristancho A, Rojas C, Cafferata EA, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Cárdenas AM, Vernal R. Premature Senescence of T-cells Favors Bone Loss During Osteolytic Diseases. A New Concern in the Osteoimmunology Arena. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1150-1161. [PMID: 34341698 PMCID: PMC8279535 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a biological process triggered in response to time-accumulated DNA damage, which prioritizes cell survival over cell function. Particularly, senescent T lymphocytes can be generated prematurely during chronic inflammatory diseases regardless of chronological aging. These senescent T lymphocytes are characterized by the loss of CD28 expression, a co-stimulatory receptor that mediates antigen presentation and effective T-cell activation. An increased number of premature senescent CD4+CD28- T lymphocytes has been frequently observed in osteolytic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and osteomyelitis. Indeed, CD4+CD28- T lymphocytes produce higher levels of osteoclastogenic molecular mediators directly related to pathologic bone loss, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-17A, and receptor-activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), as compared with regular CD4+CD28+ T lymphocytes. In addition, premature senescent CD8+CD28- T lymphocytes have been negatively associated with bone healing and regeneration by inhibiting osteoblast differentiation and mesenchymal stromal cell survival. Therefore, accumulated evidence supports the role of senescent T lymphocytes in osteoimmunology. Moreover, premature senescence of T-cells seems to be associated with the functional imbalance between the osteolytic T-helper type-17 (Th17) and bone protective T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes, as well as the phenotypic instability of Treg lymphocytes responsible for its trans-differentiation into RANKL-producing exFoxp3Th17 cells, a key cellular phenomenon directly related to bone loss. Herein, we present a framework for the understanding of the pathogenic characteristics of T lymphocytes with a premature senescent phenotype; and particularly, we revise and discuss their role in the osteoimmunology of osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis González-Osuna
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alfredo Sierra-Cristancho
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carolina Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Emilio A Cafferata
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú.
| | - Samanta Melgar-Rodríguez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Angélica M Cárdenas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Health Sciences Division, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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34
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Rojas C, García MP, Polanco AF, González-Osuna L, Sierra-Cristancho A, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Cafferata EA, Vernal R. Humanized Mouse Models for the Study of Periodontitis: An Opportunity to Elucidate Unresolved Aspects of Its Immunopathogenesis and Analyze New Immunotherapeutic Strategies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:663328. [PMID: 34220811 PMCID: PMC8248545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an oral inflammatory disease in which the polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis of the subgingival microbiota trigger a deregulated host immune response, that leads to the breakdown of tooth-supporting tissues and finally tooth loss. Periodontitis is characterized by the increased pathogenic activity of T helper type 17 (Th17) lymphocytes and defective immunoregulation mediated by phenotypically unstable T regulatory (Treg), lymphocytes, incapable of resolving the bone-resorbing inflammatory milieu. In this context, the complexity of the immune response orchestrated against the microbial challenge during periodontitis has made the study of its pathogenesis and therapy difficult and limited. Indeed, the ethical limitations that accompany human studies can lead to an insufficient etiopathogenic understanding of the disease and consequently, biased treatment decision-making. Alternatively, animal models allow us to manage these difficulties and give us the opportunity to partially emulate the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis by inoculating periodontopathogenic bacteria or by placing bacteria-accumulating ligatures around the teeth; however, these models still have limited translational application in humans. Accordingly, humanized animal models are able to emulate human-like complex networks of immune responses by engrafting human cells or tissues into specific strains of immunodeficient mice. Their characteristics enable a viable time window for the study of the establishment of a specific human immune response pattern in an in vivo setting and could be exploited for a wider study of the etiopathogenesis and/or treatment of periodontitis. For instance, the antigen-specific response of human dendritic cells against the periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis favoring the Th17/Treg response has already been tested in humanized mice models. Hypothetically, the proper emulation of periodontal dysbiosis in a humanized animal could give insights into the subtle molecular characteristics of a human-like local and systemic immune response during periodontitis and support the design of novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Therefore, the aims of this review are: To elucidate how the microbiota-elicited immunopathogenesis of periodontitis can be potentially emulated in humanized mouse models, to highlight their advantages and limitations in comparison with the already available experimental periodontitis non-humanized animal models, and to discuss the potential translational application of using these models for periodontitis immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michelle P García
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alan F Polanco
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis González-Osuna
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Sierra-Cristancho
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samanta Melgar-Rodríguez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio A Cafferata
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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35
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Obesity-Related Gut Microbiota Aggravates Alveolar Bone Destruction in Experimental Periodontitis through Elevation of Uric Acid. mBio 2021; 12:e0077121. [PMID: 34061595 PMCID: PMC8262938 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00771-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for periodontal disease (PD). Initiation and progression of PD are modulated by complex interactions between oral dysbiosis and host responses. Although obesity is associated with increased susceptibility to bacterial infection, the detailed mechanisms that connect obesity and susceptibility to PD remain elusive. Using fecal microbiota transplantation and a ligature-induced PD model, we demonstrated that gut dysbiosis-associated metabolites from high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice worsen alveolar bone destruction. Fecal metabolomics revealed elevated purine degradation pathway activity in HFD-fed mice, and recipient mice had elevated levels of serum uric acid upon PD induction. Furthermore, PD induction caused more severe bone destruction in hyperuricemic than normouricemic mice, and the worsened bone destruction was completely abrogated by allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Thus, obesity increases the risk of PD by increasing production of uric acid mediated by gut dysbiosis.
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36
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Alvarez C, Abdalla H, Sulliman S, Rojas P, Wu YC, Almarhoumi R, Huang RY, Galindo M, Vernal R, Kantarci A. RvE1 Impacts the Gingival Inflammatory Infiltrate by Inhibiting the T Cell Response in Experimental Periodontitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664756. [PMID: 34012448 PMCID: PMC8126725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with the formation of dysbiotic plaque biofilms and characterized by the progressive destruction of the alveolar bone. The transition from health to disease is characterized by a shift in periodontal immune cell composition, from mostly innate (neutrophils) to adaptive (T lymphocytes) immune responses. Resolvin E1 (RvE1) is a specialized pro-resolution mediator (SPMs), produced in response to inflammation, to enhance its resolution. Previous studies have indicated the therapeutic potential of RvE1 in periodontal disease; however, the impact of RvE1 in the microbial-elicited osteoclastogenic immune response remains uncharacterized in vivo. In the present study, we studied the impact of RvE1 on the gingival inflammatory infiltrate formation during periodontitis in a mouse model. First, we characterized the temporal-dependent changes of the main immune cells infiltrating the gingiva by flow cytometry. Then, we evaluated the impact of early or delayed RvE1 administration on the gingival immune infiltration and cervical lymph nodes composition. We observed a consistent inhibitory outcome on T cells -particularly effector T cells- and a protective effect on regulatory T cells (Tregs). Our data further demonstrated the wide range of actions of RvE1, its preventive role in the establishment of the adaptive immune response during inflammation, and bone protective capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrique Abdalla
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Salwa Sulliman
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Paola Rojas
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yu-Chiao Wu
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rawan Almarhoumi
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ren-Yeong Huang
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mario Galindo
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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37
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Zhao Y, Xie L. An Update on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Centered Therapies in Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6619527. [PMID: 33868408 PMCID: PMC8035039 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6619527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a degenerative disease characterized by cartilage degeneration, disrupted subchondral bone remodeling, and synovitis, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients with chronic pain and functional disabilities. Current treatments for TMJOA are mainly symptomatic therapies without reliable long-term efficacy, due to the limited self-renewal capability of the condyle and the poorly elucidated pathogenesis of TMJOA. Recently, there has been increased interest in cellular therapies for osteoarthritis and TMJ regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), self-renewing and multipotent progenitor cells, play a promising role in TMJOA treatment. Derived from a variety of tissues, MSCs exert therapeutic effects through diverse mechanisms, including chondrogenic differentiation; fibrocartilage regeneration; and trophic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we provide an overview of the therapeutic roles of various tissue-specific MSCs in osteoarthritic TMJ or TMJ regenerative tissue engineering, with an additional focus on joint-resident stem cells and other cellular therapies, such as exosomes and adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Additionally, we summarized the updated pathogenesis of TMJOA to provide a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms of cellular therapies. Although limitations exist, MSC-centered therapies still provide novel, innovative approaches for TMJOA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Tan B, Tang Q, Zhong Y, Wei Y, He L, Wu Y, Wu J, Liao J. Biomaterial-based strategies for maxillofacial tumour therapy and bone defect regeneration. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:9. [PMID: 33727527 PMCID: PMC7966790 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Issues caused by maxillofacial tumours involve not only dealing with tumours but also repairing jaw bone defects. In traditional tumour therapy, the systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs, invasive surgical resection, intractable tumour recurrence, and metastasis are major threats to the patients' lives in the clinic. Fortunately, biomaterial-based intervention can improve the efficiency of tumour treatment and decrease the possibility of recurrence and metastasis, suggesting new promising antitumour therapies. In addition, maxillofacial bone tissue defects caused by tumours and their treatment can negatively affect the physiological and psychological health of patients, and investment in treatment can result in a multitude of burdens to society. Biomaterials are promising options because they have good biocompatibility and bioactive properties for stimulation of bone regeneration. More interestingly, an integrated material regimen that combines tumour therapy with bone repair is a promising treatment option. Herein, we summarized traditional and biomaterial-mediated maxillofacial tumour treatments and analysed biomaterials for bone defect repair. Furthermore, we proposed a promising and superior design of dual-functional biomaterials for simultaneous tumour therapy and bone regeneration to provide a new strategy for managing maxillofacial tumours and improve the quality of life of patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Tan
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Tang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjin Zhong
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yali Wei
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linfeng He
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanting Wu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiabao Wu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Amengual-Peñafiel L, Córdova LA, Constanza Jara-Sepúlveda M, Brañes-Aroca M, Marchesani-Carrasco F, Cartes-Velásquez R. Osteoimmunology drives dental implant osseointegration: A new paradigm for implant dentistry. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:12-19. [PMID: 33737990 PMCID: PMC7946347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a complex interaction between titanium dental implants, bone, and the immune system. Among them, specific immune cells, macrophages play a crucial role in the osseointegration dynamics. Infiltrating macrophages and resident macrophages (osteomacs) contribute to achieving an early pro-regenerative peri-implant environment. Also, multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) in the bone-implant interface and their polarization ability, maintain a peri-implant immunological balance to preserve osseointegration integrity. However, dental implants can display cumulative levels of antigens (ions, nano and microparticles and bacterial antigens) at the implant–tissue interface activating an immune-inflammatory response. If the inflammation is not resolved or reactivated due to the stress signals and the immunogenicity of elements present, this could lead implants to aseptic loosening, infections, and subsequent bone loss. Therefore, to maintain osseointegration and prevent bone loss of implants, a better understanding of the osteoimmunology of the peri-implant environment would lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches. In this line, depicting osteoimmunological mechanisms, we discuss immunomodulatory strategies to improve and preserve a long-term functional integration between dental implants and the human body. Scientific field of dental science: implant dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis A Córdova
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Chile.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Complejo Hospitalario San José. Craneofacial Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Apolinário Vieira GH, Aparecida Rivas AC, Figueiredo Costa K, Ferreira Oliveira LF, Tanaka Suzuki K, Reis Messora M, Sprone Ricoldi M, Gonçalves de Almeida AL, Taba M. Specific inhibition of IL-6 receptor attenuates inflammatory bone loss in experimental periodontitis. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1460-1469. [PMID: 33492708 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal pathogenesis takes into consideration that disease results from a complex inflammatory immune response. Among the major cytokines related to periodontal damage, interleukin (IL)-6 enhances a cascade of tissue destruction. Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a humanized monoclonal anti-human IL-6 receptor that inhibits IL-6-mediated proinflammatory activity. This study aimed to elucidate whether TCZ inhibits the deleterious effect of ligature-induced periodontitis. METHODS Experimental ligature-induced periodontitis was treated with systemic administration of TCZ intraperitoneally in three different concentration dosages (2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, and 8 mg/kg. Euthanasia occurred at 7 and 14 days after the initiation of the study. Local changes in the alveolar bone were measured by bone volume, the ratio of bone volume, and trabecular thickness using microcomputed tomography. Attachment loss and inflammatory infiltrate were evaluated by histology. Immune response was analyzed focusing on the Th17 pattern. RESULTS TCZ inhibited alveolar bone resorption and attachment loss in 7 and 14 days for all dosage groups in comparison to controls (P < 0.05). Besides, TCZ induced lower expression of inflammatory infiltrate (P <0.05) and less production of Th17-related cytokines (P <0.05) and RANKL (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of IL-6-mediated proinflammatory activity by IL-6R blocking reduced alveolar bone resorption and attachment loss supported by the modulation of the Th17 periodontal response. Considering the inflammatory status, modulatory therapy may be a promising approach to periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Apolinário Vieira
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto (FORP/USP), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Aparecida Rivas
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto (FORP/USP), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karine Figueiredo Costa
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto (FORP/USP), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Ferreira Oliveira
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto (FORP/USP), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kleber Tanaka Suzuki
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto (FORP/USP), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel Reis Messora
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto (FORP/USP), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milla Sprone Ricoldi
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto (FORP/USP), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Luisa Gonçalves de Almeida
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto (FORP/USP), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Taba
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto (FORP/USP), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: A Translational View in Oral Non-Communicable Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010085. [PMID: 33445558 PMCID: PMC7826734 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are vital regulators of angiogenesis that are expressed in response to soluble mediators, such as cytokines and growth factors. Their physiologic functions include blood vessel formation, regulation of vascular permeability, stem cell and monocyte/macrophage recruitment and maintenance of bone homeostasis and repair. In addition, angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in chronic pathologic conditions, such as tumorigenesis, inflammatory immune diseases and bone loss. According to their prevalence, morbidity and mortality, inflammatory diseases affecting periodontal tissues and oral cancer are relevant non-communicable diseases. Whereas oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered one of the most common cancers worldwide, destructive inflammatory periodontal diseases, on the other hand, are amongst the most prevalent chronic inflammatory conditions affecting humans and also represent the main cause of tooth loss in adults. In the recent years, while knowledge regarding the role of VEGF signaling in common oral diseases is expanding, new potential translational applications emerge. In the present narrative review we aim to explore the role of VEGF signaling in oral cancer and destructive periodontal inflammatory diseases, with emphasis in its translational applications as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Iturriaga V, Vásquez B, Bornhardt T, Del Sol M. Effects of low and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid on the osteoarthritic temporomandibular joint in rabbit. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4507-4518. [PMID: 33392807 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect between intra-articular infiltration of low molecular weight (LMW-HA) and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) on the histopathological characteristics of the cartilage and disc of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) induced in rabbits. MATERIAL AND METHODS An experimental study was conducted on 38 rabbit TMJs. The effect of different hyaluronic acids was compared at 30 and 135 days. Histopathological analysis was performed. Cartilage damage was assessed with the OARSI scale. RESULTS The severity of the induced OA according to OARSI was 3.4 degrees in the mandibular condyle (MC) and 3.2 in the mandibular fossa (MF); the articular disc (AD) presented disorganization of the collagen fibers, with randomly arranged hypertrophic chondrocytes. At 30 days, untreated TMJs worsened. TMJ treated with LMW-HA reduced its severity to 1.5 degrees in MC and 1.6 in MF, the AD presented histological aspects within normal limits. TMJ treated with HMW-HA presented 2.4 degrees in MC and 2.2 in MF, the AD maintained characteristics similar to the group with OA. At 135 days, all groups worsened. CONCLUSION Exogenous HA is effective in the management of TMJ-OA induced in rabbits, showing cartilage and articular disc repair at 30 days. The LMW-HA group had better effects on joint tissue than HMW-HA 30 days after treatment. However, at 135 days, both groups presented regression of joint tissue repair. CLINICAL RELEVANCE HA is effective in the anti-arthritic treatment of TMJ-OA induced in rabbits; LMW-HA shows better results in cartilage and articular disc repair than HMW-HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Iturriaga
- Department of Integral Adult Care Dentistry, Temporomandibular Disorder and Orofacial Pain Program, Sleep & Pain Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bélgica Vásquez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avenida 18 de Septiembre #2222, Arica, Chile.
| | - Thomas Bornhardt
- Department of Integral Adult Care Dentistry, Temporomandibular Disorder and Orofacial Pain Program, Sleep & Pain Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mariano Del Sol
- Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ), Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Akkermansia muciniphila and Its Pili-Like Protein Amuc_1100 Modulate Macrophage Polarization in Experimental Periodontitis. Infect Immun 2020; 89:IAI.00500-20. [PMID: 33020212 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00500-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease triggered by dysbiosis of the oral microbiome. Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly implicated in periodontal inflammation, gingival tissue destruction, and alveolar bone loss through sustained exacerbation of the host response. Recently, the use of other bacterial species, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, has been suggested to counteract inflammation elicited by P. gingivalis In this study, the effects of A. muciniphila and its pili-like protein Amuc_1100 on macrophage polarization during P. gingivalis infection were evaluated in a murine model of experimental periodontitis. Mice were gavaged with P. gingivalis alone or in combination with A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 for 6 weeks. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that the addition of A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 significantly reduced P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss. This decreased bone loss was associated with a proresolutive phenotype (M2) of macrophages isolated from submandibular lymph nodes as observed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) at the RNA and protein levels was significantly increased in the gingival tissues of the mice and in macrophages exposed to A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100, confirming their anti-inflammatory properties. This study demonstrates the putative therapeutic interest of the administration of A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 in the management of periodontitis through their anti-inflammatory properties.
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Xie D, Xu Y, Yang Y, Hua Z, Li J, Fu G, Wu Q. Sensory denervation increases potential of bisphosphonates to induce osteonecrosis via disproportionate expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1487:56-73. [PMID: 33301204 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a serious side effect of systematic administration of bisphosphonates (BPs). Sensory innervation is crucial for bone healing. We established inferior alveolar nerve injury (IANI) and inferior alveolar nerve transection (IANT) models characterized by disorganized periosteum, increased osteoclasts, and unbalanced neuropeptide expression. Zoledronate injection disrupted neuropeptide expression in the IANI and IANT models by decreasing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and increasing substance P (SP); associated with this, BRONJ prevalence was significantly higher in the IANT model, followed by the IANI model and the sham control. CGRP treatment significantly reduced BRONJ occurrence, whereas SP administration had the opposite effect. In vitro, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with BPs and then CGRP and/or SP to study changes in zoledronate toxicity; combined application of CGRP and SP decreased zoledronate toxicity, whereas CGRP or SP applied alone showed no effects. These results demonstrate that sensory denervation facilitates the occurrence of BRONJ and that CGRP used therapeutically may prevent BRONJ progression, provided that SP is also present. Further studies are necessary to determine the optimal ratio of CGRP to SP for promoting bone healing and to uncover the mechanism by which CGRP and SP cooperate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yamei Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyi Hua
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Fu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Regulatory T cell phenotype and anti-osteoclastogenic function in experimental periodontitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19018. [PMID: 33149125 PMCID: PMC7642388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The alveolar bone resorption is a distinctive feature of periodontitis progression and determinant for tooth loss. Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) display immuno-suppressive mechanisms and tissue repairing functions, which are critical to support periodontal health. Tregs may become unstable and dysfunctional under inflammatory conditions, which can even accelerate tissue destruction. In this study, experimental periodontitis was associated with the progressive and increased presence of Th17 and Treg-related mediators in the gingiva (IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17F, RANKL, IL-10, TGF-β and GITR; P < 0.05), and the proliferation of both Treg and Th17 cells in cervical lymph nodes. Tregs from cervical lymph nodes had reduced Foxp3 expression (> 25% MFI loss) and increased IL-17A expression (> 15%), compared with Tregs from spleen and healthy controls. Tregs gene expression analysis showed a differential signature between health and disease, with increased expression of Th17-associated factors in periodontitis-derived Tregs. The ex vivo suppression capacity of Tregs on osteoclastic differentiation was significantly lower in Tregs obtained from periodontally diseased animals compared to controls (P < 0.05), as identified by the increased number of TRAP+ osteoclasts (P < 0.01) in the Tregs/pre-osteoclast co-cultures. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Tregs become phenotypically unstable and lose anti-osteoclastogenic properties during experimental periodontitis; thus, further promoting the Th17-driven bone loss.
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Santos MRG, Queiroz-Junior CM, Madeira MFM, Machado FS. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins in inflammatory bone disorders. Bone 2020; 140:115538. [PMID: 32730926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are significant regulators of cellular immune responses. Therefore, the role of SOCS in bone-inflammatory disorders, including arthritis and periodontitis, has been investigated in experimental and clinical conditions. Recent evidence shows that SOCS proteins are expressed in major bone-related cells, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes and synoviocytes, although their direct role in these cells is not fully described. These signaling molecules, especially SOCS1, 2 and 3, were shown to play critical roles in the control of bone resorption associated to inflammation. This review focuses on the involvement of SOCS proteins in inflammatory bone remodeling, including their direct and indirect role in the control of osteoclast hyperactivation, during arthritis and periodontitis. The description of the roles of SOCS proteins in inflammatory bone diseases highlights the pathways involved in the pathophysiology of these conditions and, thus, may contribute to the development and improvement of potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rates Gonzaga Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Celso M Queiroz-Junior
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mila Fernandes Moreira Madeira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Simão Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine/Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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47
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Bertin H, Gomez-Brouchet A, Rédini F. Osteosarcoma of the jaws: An overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 156:103126. [PMID: 33113487 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common cancer of bone. Jaw osteosarcoma (JOS) is rare and it differs from long-bone OS (LBOS) in terms of the time of onset (two decades later), lower metastatic spread, and better survival. OS is characterized by the proliferation of osteoblastic precursor cells and the production of osteoid or immature bone. OS arises from a combination of genetic aberrations and a favourable microenvironment. This local microenvironment includes bone cells, blood vessels, stromal cells, and immune infiltrates, all of which may constitute potential targets for anti-cancer drugs. Differences in the clinical and biological behaviour of JOS versus LBOS are likely to at least in part be due to differences in the microenvironment between the two sites. The present review provides a brief overview of the known pathophysiological parameters involved in JOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélios Bertin
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nantes University Hospital, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tisues (PhyOs, UMR 1238), Nantes Medical School, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex, France.
| | - A Gomez-Brouchet
- Department of Pathology, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse University Hospital, 1 Avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - F Rédini
- Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tisues (PhyOs, UMR 1238), Nantes Medical School, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex, France.
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Cavalla F, Letra A, Silva RM, Garlet GP. Determinants of Periodontal/Periapical Lesion Stability and Progression. J Dent Res 2020; 100:29-36. [PMID: 32866421 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520952341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal and periapical lesions are infectious inflammatory osteolitytic conditions in which a complex inflammatory immune response mediates bone destruction. However, the uncertainty of a lesion's progressive or stable phenotype complicates understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms triggering lesion activity. Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies of both periodontal and periapical lesions points to a high receptor activator of NF-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) ratio as the primary determinant of osteolytic activity, while a low RANKL/OPG ratio is often observed in inactive lesions. Proinflammatory cytokines directly modulate RANKL/OPG expression and consequently drive lesion progression, along with pro-osteoclastogenic support provided by Th1, Th17, and B cells. Conversely, the cooperative action between Th2 and Tregs subsets creates an anti-inflammatory and proreparative milieu associated with lesion stability. Interestingly, the trigger for lesion status switch from active to inactive can originate from an unanticipated RANKL immunoregulatory feedback, involving the induction of Tregs and a host response outcome with immunological tolerance features. In this context, dendritic cells (DCs) appear as potential determinants of host response switch, since RANKL imprint a tolerogenic phenotype in DCs, described to be involved in both Tregs and immunological tolerance generation. The tolerance state systemically and locally suppresses the development of exacerbated and pathogenic responses and contributes to lesions stability. However, immunological tolerance break by comorbidities or dysbiosis could explain lesions relapse toward activity. Therefore, this article will provide a critical review of the current knowledge concerning periodontal and periapical lesions activity and the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the host response. Further studies are required to unravel the role of immunological responsiveness or tolerance in the determination of lesion status, as well as the potential cooperative and/or inhibitory interplay among effector cells and their impact on RANKL/OPG balance and lesion outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cavalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Letra
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.,Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R M Silva
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.,Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G P Garlet
- OSTEOimmunology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University-FOB/USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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49
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Cafferata EA, Castro-Saavedra S, Fuentes-Barros G, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Rivera F, Carvajal P, Hernández M, Cortés BI, Cortez C, Cassels BK, Vernal R. Boldine inhibits the alveolar bone resorption during ligature-induced periodontitis by modulating the Th17/Treg imbalance. J Periodontol 2020; 92:123-136. [PMID: 32490537 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During periodontitis, tooth-supporting alveolar bone is resorbed when there is an increased expression of the pro-osteolytic factor termed receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), which is responsible for osteoclast differentiation and activation. In periodontitis-affected tissues, the imbalance between T-helper type-17 (Th17) and T-regulatory (Treg) lymphocyte activity favors this RANKL overexpression. In this context, immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at modulating this Th17/Treg imbalance could eventually arrest the RANKL-mediated alveolar bone loss. Boldine has been reported to protect from pathological bone loss during rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis, whose pathogenesis is associated with a Th17/Treg imbalance. However, the effect of boldine on alveolar bone resorption during periodontitis has not been elucidated yet. This study aimed to determine whether boldine inhibits alveolar bone resorption by modulating the Th17/Treg imbalance during periodontitis. METHODS Mice with ligature-induced periodontitis were orally treated with boldine (10/20/40 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days. Non-treated periodontitis-affected mice and non-ligated mice were used as controls. Alveolar bone loss was analyzed by micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Osteoclasts were quantified by histological identification of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells. Production of RANKL and its competitive antagonist osteoprotegerin (OPG) were analyzed by ELISA, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immunohistochemistry. The Th17 and Treg responses were analyzed by quantifying the T-cell frequency and number by flow cytometry. Also, the expression of their signature transcription factors and cytokines were quantified by qPCR. RESULTS Boldine inhibited the alveolar bone resorption. Consistently, boldine caused a decrease in the osteoclast number and RANKL/OPG ratio in periodontal lesions. Besides, boldine reduced the Th17-lymphocyte detection and response and increased the Treg-lymphocyte detection and response in periodontitis-affected tissues. CONCLUSION Boldine, administered orally, inhibited the alveolar bone resorption and modulated the Th17/Treg imbalance during experimental periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio A Cafferata
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Sebastián Castro-Saavedra
- Chemobiodynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Samanta Melgar-Rodríguez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Rivera
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Carvajal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián I Cortés
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Cortez
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruce K Cassels
- Chemobiodynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Blufstein A, Behm C, Kubin B, Gahn J, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X, Andrukhov O. Transcriptional activity of vitamin D receptor in human periodontal ligament cells is diminished under inflammatory conditions. J Periodontol 2020; 92:137-148. [PMID: 32474936 PMCID: PMC7891446 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Although vitamin D3 deficiency is considered as a risk factor for periodontitis, supplementation during periodontal treatment has not been shown to be beneficial to date. Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) are regulated by vitamin D3 and play a fundamental role in periodontal tissue homeostasis and inflammatory response in periodontitis. The aim of this study is to investigate possible alterations of the vitamin D3 activity in hPDLCs under inflammatory conditions. Methods Cells isolated from six different donors were treated with either 1,25(OH)2D3 (0 to 10 nM) or 25(OH)D3 (0 to 100 nM) in the presence and absence of ultrapure or standard Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS), Pam3CSK4, or interferon‐γ for 48 hours. Additionally, nuclear factor (NF)‐κB inhibition was performed with BAY 11‐7082. The bioactivity of vitamin D in hPDLCs was assessed based on the gene expression levels of vitamin D receptor (VDR)‐regulated genes osteocalcin and osteopontin. Additionally, VDR and CYP27B1 expression levels were measured. Results The vitamin D3‐induced increase of osteocalcin and osteopontin expression was significantly decreased in the presence of standard PgLPS and Pam3CSK4, which was not observed by ultrapure PgLPS. Interferon‐y had diverse effects on the response of hPDLCs to vitamin D3 metabolites. NF‐kB inhibition abolished the effects of standard PgLPS and Pam3CSK4. Standard PgLPS and Pam3CSK4 increased VDR expression in the presence of vitamin D3. CYP27B1 expression was not affected by vitamin D3 and inflammatory conditions. Conclusions This study indicates that the transcriptional activity of VDR is diminished under inflammatory conditions, which might mitigate the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation during periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Blufstein
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Behm
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kubin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Gahn
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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