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Gao C, Xiao C, Wang M, Liang X, Qin C, Zhang H, Bai R, Zhang R, Feng W, Yang J, Tang J. HIF-1 Transcriptionally Regulates Basal Expression of STING to Maintain Cellular Innate Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:494-505. [PMID: 38967520 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) is a critical component of the innate immune system, playing an essential role in defending against DNA virus infections. However, the mechanisms governing basal STING regulation remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the basal level of STING is critically maintained by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)α through transcription. Under normal conditions, HIF-1α binds constitutively to the promoter region of STING, actively promoting its transcription. Knocking down HIF-1α results in a decrease in STING expression in multiple cell lines and zebrafish, which in turn reduces cellular responses to synthetic dsDNAs, including cell signaling and IFN production. Moreover, this decrease in STING levels leads to an increase in cellular susceptibility to DNA viruses HSV-1 and pseudorabies virus. These findings unveil a (to our knowledge) novel role of HIF-1α in maintaining basal STING levels and provide valuable insights into STING-mediated antiviral activities and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglu Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rulan Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhai Feng
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Schuermans S, Kestens C, Marques PE. Systemic mechanisms of necrotic cell debris clearance. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:557. [PMID: 39090111 PMCID: PMC11294570 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Necrosis is an overarching term that describes cell death modalities caused by (extreme) adverse conditions in which cells lose structural integrity. A guaranteed consequence of necrosis is the production of necrotic cell remnants, or debris. Necrotic cell debris is a strong trigger of inflammation, and although inflammatory responses are required for tissue healing, necrotic debris may lead to uncontrolled immune responses and collateral damage. Besides local phagocytosis by recruited leukocytes, there is accumulating evidence that extracellular mechanisms are also involved in necrotic debris clearance. In this review, we focused on systemic clearance mechanisms present in the bloodstream and vasculature that often cooperate to drive the clearance of cell debris. We reviewed the contribution and cooperation of extracellular DNases, the actin-scavenger system, the fibrinolytic system and reticuloendothelial cells in performing clearance of necrotic debris. Moreover, associations of the (mis)functioning of these clearance systems with a variety of diseases were provided, illustrating the importance of the mechanisms of clearance of dead cells in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Schuermans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caine Kestens
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pedro Elias Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Chen J, Wang T, Li X, Gao L, Wang K, Cheng M, Zeng Z, Chen L, Shen Y, Wen F. DNA of neutrophil extracellular traps promote NF-κB-dependent autoimmunity via cGAS/TLR9 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:163. [PMID: 38880789 PMCID: PMC11180664 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by persistent airway inflammation even after cigarette smoking cessation. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been implicated in COPD severity and acute airway inflammation induced by short-term cigarette smoke (CS). However, whether and how NETs contribute to sustained airway inflammation in COPD remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the immunoregulatory mechanism of NETs in COPD, employing human neutrophils, airway epithelial cells (AECs), dendritic cells (DCs), and a long-term CS-induced COPD mouse model, alongside cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase and toll-like receptor 9 knockout mice (cGAS--/-, TLR9-/-); Additionally, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of COPD patients was examined. Neutrophils from COPD patients released greater cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced NETs (CSE-NETs) due to mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction. These CSE-NETs, containing oxidatively-damaged DNA (NETs-DNA), promoted AECs proliferation, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, NF-κB-dependent cytokines and type-I interferons production, and DC maturation, which were ameliorated/reversed by silencing/inhibition of cGAS/TLR9. In the COPD mouse model, blocking NETs-DNA-sensing via cGAS-/- and TLR9-/- mice, inhibiting NETosis using mitoTEMPO, and degrading NETs-DNA with DNase-I, respectively, reduced NETs infiltrations, airway inflammation, NF-κB activation and NF-κB-dependent cytokines, but not type-I interferons due to IFN-α/β receptor degradation. Elevated NETs components (myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase activity) in BALF of COPD smokers correlated with disease severity and NF-κB-dependent cytokine levels, but not type-I interferon levels. In conclusion, NETs-DNA promotes NF-κB-dependent autoimmunity via cGAS/TLR9 in long-term CS exposure-induced COPD. Therefore, targeting NETs-DNA and cGAS/TLR9 emerges as a potential strategy to alleviate persistent airway inflammation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoou Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Mengxin Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zijian Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yongchun Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Fuqiang Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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4
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Nafiz TN, Sankar P, Mishra LK, Rousseau RP, Saqib M, Subbian S, Parihar SP, Mishra BB. Differential requirement of Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 in macrophages and neutrophils in the host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4421561. [PMID: 38853986 PMCID: PMC11160921 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4421561/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPR), part of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily, are pivotal in directing phagocyte migration towards chemotactic signals from bacteria and host tissues. Although their roles in acute bacterial infections are well-documented, their involvement in immunity against tuberculosis (TB) remains unexplored. This study investigates the functions of Fpr1 and Fpr2 in defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of TB. Elevated levels of Fpr1 and Fpr2 were found in the lungs of mice, rabbits and peripheral blood of humans infected with Mtb, suggesting a crucial role in the immune response. The effects of Fpr1 and Fpr2 deletion on bacterial load, lung damage, and cellular inflammation were assessed using a TB model of hypervirulent strain of Mtb from the W-Beijing lineage. While Fpr2 deletion showed no impact on disease outcome, Fpr1-deficient mice demonstrated improved bacterial control, especially by macrophages. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from these Fpr1 -/- mice exhibited an enhanced ability to contain bacterial growth over time. Contrarily, treating genetically susceptible mice with Fpr1-specific inhibitors caused impaired early bacterial control, corresponding with increased bacterial persistence in necrotic neutrophils. Furthermore, ex vivo assays revealed that Fpr1 -/- neutrophils were unable to restrain Mtb growth, indicating a differential function of Fpr1 among myeloid cells. These findings highlight the distinct and complex roles of Fpr1 in myeloid cell-mediated immunity against Mtb infection, underscoring the need for further research into these mechanisms for a better understanding of TB immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Noor Nafiz
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Poornima Sankar
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Lokesh K Mishra
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Robert P. Rousseau
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohd Saqib
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Suraj P. Parihar
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bibhuti B. Mishra
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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5
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Wu Y, Wang L, Li Y, Cao Y, Wang M, Deng Z, Kang H. Immunotherapy in the context of sepsis-induced immunological dysregulation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1391395. [PMID: 38835773 PMCID: PMC11148279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1391395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome caused by uncontrollable immune dysregulation triggered by pathogen infection, characterized by high incidence, mortality rates, and disease burden. Current treatments primarily focus on symptomatic relief, lacking specific therapeutic interventions. The core mechanism of sepsis is believed to be an imbalance in the host's immune response, characterized by early excessive inflammation followed by late immune suppression, triggered by pathogen invasion. This suggests that we can develop immunotherapeutic treatment strategies by targeting and modulating the components and immunological functions of the host's innate and adaptive immune systems. Therefore, this paper reviews the mechanisms of immune dysregulation in sepsis and, based on this foundation, discusses the current state of immunotherapy applications in sepsis animal models and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zihui Deng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
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6
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Kumar V, Stewart Iv JH. Pattern-Recognition Receptors and Immunometabolic Reprogramming: What We Know and What to Explore. J Innate Immun 2024; 16:295-323. [PMID: 38740018 PMCID: PMC11250681 DOI: 10.1159/000539278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolutionarily, immune response is a complex mechanism that protects the host from internal and external threats. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize MAMPs, PAMPs, and DAMPs to initiate a protective pro-inflammatory immune response. PRRs are expressed on the cell membranes by TLR1, 2, 4, and 6 and in the cytosolic organelles by TLR3, 7, 8, and 9, NLRs, ALRs, and cGLRs. We know their downstream signaling pathways controlling immunoregulatory and pro-inflammatory immune response. However, the impact of PRRs on metabolic control of immune cells to control their pro- and anti-inflammatory activity has not been discussed extensively. SUMMARY Immune cell metabolism or immunometabolism critically determines immune cells' pro-inflammatory phenotype and function. The current article discusses immunometabolic reprogramming (IR) upon activation of different PRRs, such as TLRs, NLRs, cGLRs, and RLRs. The duration and type of PRR activated, species studied, and location of immune cells to specific organ are critical factors to determine the IR-induced immune response. KEY MESSAGE The work herein describes IR upon TLR, NLR, cGLR, and RLR activation. Understanding IR upon activating different PRRs is critical for designing better immune cell-specific immunotherapeutics and immunomodulators targeting inflammation and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical Education Building-C, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John H Stewart Iv
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical Education Building-C, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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7
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Ramini D, Giuliani A, Kwiatkowska KM, Guescini M, Storci G, Mensà E, Recchioni R, Xumerle L, Zago E, Sabbatinelli J, Santi S, Garagnani P, Bonafè M, Olivieri F. Replicative senescence and high glucose induce the accrual of self-derived cytosolic nucleic acids in human endothelial cells. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:184. [PMID: 38643201 PMCID: PMC11032409 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent literature shows that loss of replicative ability and acquisition of a proinflammatory secretory phenotype in senescent cells is coupled with the build-in of nucleic acids in the cytoplasm. Its implication in human age-related diseases is under scrutiny. In human endothelial cells (ECs), we assessed the accumulation of intracellular nucleic acids during in vitro replicative senescence and after exposure to high glucose concentrations, which mimic an in vivo condition of hyperglycemia. We showed that exposure to high glucose induces senescent-like features in ECs, including telomere shortening and proinflammatory cytokine release, coupled with the accrual in the cytoplasm of telomeres, double-stranded DNA and RNA (dsDNA, dsRNA), as well as RNA:DNA hybrid molecules. Senescent ECs showed an activation of the dsRNA sensors RIG-I and MDA5 and of the DNA sensor TLR9, which was not paralleled by the involvement of the canonical (cGAS) and non-canonical (IFI16) activation of the STING pathway. Under high glucose conditions, only a sustained activation of TLR9 was observed. Notably, senescent cells exhibit increased proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) production without a detectable secretion of type I interferon (IFN), a phenomenon that can be explained, at least in part, by the accumulation of methyl-adenosine containing RNAs. At variance, exposure to exogenous nucleic acids enhances both IL-6 and IFN-β1 expression in senescent cells. This study highlights the accrual of cytoplasmic nucleic acids as a marker of senescence-related endothelial dysfunction, that may play a role in dysmetabolic age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Ramini
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Michele Guescini
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Storci
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mensà
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rina Recchioni
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Spartaco Santi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" - Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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8
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Bottardi S, Layne T, Ramòn AC, Quansah N, Wurtele H, Affar EB, Milot E. MNDA, a PYHIN factor involved in transcriptional regulation and apoptosis control in leukocytes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395035. [PMID: 38680493 PMCID: PMC11045911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation control is critical during the innate immune response. Such response is triggered by the detection of molecules originating from pathogens or damaged host cells by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs subsequently initiate intra-cellular signalling through different pathways, resulting in i) the production of inflammatory cytokines, including type I interferon (IFN), and ii) the initiation of a cascade of events that promote both immediate host responses as well as adaptive immune responses. All human PYRIN and HIN-200 domains (PYHIN) protein family members were initially proposed to be PRRs, although this view has been challenged by reports that revealed their impact on other cellular mechanisms. Of relevance here, the human PYHIN factor myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) has recently been shown to directly control the transcription of genes encoding factors that regulate programmed cell death and inflammation. While MNDA is mainly found in the nucleus of leukocytes of both myeloid (neutrophils and monocytes) and lymphoid (B-cell) origin, its subcellular localization has been shown to be modulated in response to genotoxic agents that induce apoptosis and by bacterial constituents, mediators of inflammation. Prior studies have noted the importance of MNDA as a marker for certain forms of lymphoma, and as a clinical prognostic factor for hematopoietic diseases characterized by defective regulation of apoptosis. Abnormal expression of MNDA has also been associated with altered levels of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Refining our comprehension of the regulatory mechanisms governing the expression of MNDA and other PYHIN proteins, as well as enhancing our definition of their molecular functions, could significantly influence the management and treatment strategies of numerous human diseases. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding PYHIN proteins and their role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Emphasis will be placed on the regulation, function, and relevance of MNDA expression in the control of gene transcription and RNA stability during cell death and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bottardi
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Taylorjade Layne
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ailyn C. Ramòn
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Norreen Quansah
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Wurtele
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - El Bachir Affar
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Milot
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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9
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Higuchi R, Tanaka K, Saito Y, Murakami D, Nakagawa T, Nutt SL, Ohkawa Y, Baba Y. Type I interferon promotes the fate of Toll-like receptor 9-stimulated follicular B cells to plasma cell differentiation. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae152. [PMID: 38659975 PMCID: PMC11042664 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The activation and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells (PCs) play critical roles in the immune response to infections and autoimmune diseases. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) responds to bacterial and viral DNA containing unmethylated CpG motifs and triggers immune responses in B cells; however, abnormal recognition of self-DNA by TLR9 can cause autoimmune diseases. When stimulated with TLR9 agonists, follicular (FO) B cells, a subset of B cells residing in the FO regions of secondary lymphoid organs, exhibit a propensity for activation but fail to give rise to PCs. The factors that enable the transition of TLR9-activated FO B cells from activation to differentiation into PCs remain unclear. In this study, we show that type I interferon-alpha (IFNα) signaling causes FO B cells activated by CpG stimulation to differentiate into PCs. Although CpG stimulation alone only temporarily increased interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) expression in FO B cells, co-stimulation with both CpG and IFNα enhanced and maintained high IRF4 expression levels, ultimately enabling the cells to differentiate into PCs. Overexpression of IRF4 in FO B cells results in CpG-induced PC transition without IFN signaling. Furthermore, co-stimulation of TLR9 and IFNα receptors significantly enhanced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which regulates IRF4 expression and PC generation. These findings suggest that IFNα may play a key role in promoting the fate of PC differentiation in FO B cells activated by TLR9 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Higuchi
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuichi Saito
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Murakami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Baba
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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10
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Suptela AJ, Radwan Y, Richardson C, Yan S, Afonin KA, Marriott I. cGAS Mediates the Inflammatory Responses of Human Microglial Cells to Genotoxic DNA Damage. Inflammation 2024; 47:822-836. [PMID: 38148453 PMCID: PMC11073916 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability is a key driving force for the development and progression of many age-related neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system (CNS) cancers. Recently, the cytosolic DNA sensor, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), has been shown to detect and respond to self-DNA accumulation resulting from DNA damaging insults in peripheral cell types. cGAS has been shown to be important in the responses of microglia to DNA viruses and amyloid beta, and we have reported that it underlies the responses of human microglia to exogenous DNA. However, the role of this cytosolic sensor in the detection of self-DNA by glia is poorly understood and its ability to mediate the cellular responses of human microglia to genotoxic DNA damage has not been established. Here, we describe the ability of ionizing radiation and oxidative stress to elicit genomic DNA damage in human microglial cells and to stimulate the production of key inflammatory mediators by these cells in an NF-kB dependent manner. Importantly, we have utilized CRISPR/Cas9 and siRNA-mediated knockdown approaches and a pharmacological inhibitor of the cGAS adaptor protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING) to demonstrate that the cGAS-STING pathway plays a critical role in the generation of these microglial immune responses to such genotoxic insults. Together, these studies support the notion that cGAS mediates the detection of cytosolic self-DNA by microglia, providing a potential mechanism linking genomic instability to the development of CNS cancers and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Suptela
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Yasmine Radwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Christine Richardson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Shan Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
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11
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Deng QF, Liu Y, Chu H, Peng B, Li X, Cao YS. Heat Stroke Induces Pyroptosis in Spermatogonia via the cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway. Physiol Res 2024; 73:117-125. [PMID: 38466010 PMCID: PMC11019615 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the mechanism whereby cGAS-STING pathway regulates the pyroptosis of cryptorchidism cells, with a view to finding a new strategy for clinically treating cryptorchidism-induced infertility. Spermatogonial GC-1 cells were heat stimulated to simulate the heat hurt microenvironment of cryptorchidism. The cell viability was assayed by CCK-8, and cellular DNA damage was detected by gamma-H2AX immunofluo-rescence assay. Flow cytometry was employed to assess pyroptosis index, while western blot, ELISA and PCR were used to examine the expressions of pyroptosis-related proteins (Caspase-1, IL-1beta, NLRP3) and cGAS-STING pathway proteins (cGAS, STING). After STING silencing by siRNA, the expressions of pyroptosis-related proteins were determined. Pyroptosis occurred after heat stimulation of cells. Morphological detection found cell swelling and karyopyknosis. According to the gamma-H2AX immunofluorescence (IFA) assay, the endonuclear green fluorescence was significantly enhanced, the gamma-H2AX content markedly increased, and the endonuclear DNA was damaged. Flow cytometry revealed a significant increase in pyroptosis index. Western blot and PCR assays showed that the expressions of intracellular pyrogenic proteins like Caspase-1, NLRP3 and GSDMD were elevated. The increased STING protein and gene expressions in cGAS-STING pathway suggested that the pathway was intracellularly activated. Silencing STING protein in cGAS-STING pathway led to significantly inhibited pyroptosis. These results indicate that cGAS-STING pathway plays an important role in heat stress-induced pyroptosis of spermatogonial cells. After heat stimulation of spermatogonial GC-1 cells, pyroptosis was induced and cGAS-STING pathway was activated. This study can further enrich and improve the molecular mechanism of cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q-F Deng
- The Second Department of Pediatric Urology Surgery, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University-Anhui Campus, Hefei, China.
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12
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. cGLRs Join Their Cousins of Pattern Recognition Receptor Family to Regulate Immune Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1828. [PMID: 38339107 PMCID: PMC10855445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize danger signals such as PAMPs/MAMPs and DAMPs to initiate a protective immune response. TLRs, NLRs, CLRs, and RLRs are well-characterized PRRs of the host immune system. cGLRs have been recently identified as PRRs. In humans, the cGAS/STING signaling pathway is a part of cGLRs. cGAS recognizes cytosolic dsDNA as a PAMP or DAMP to initiate the STING-dependent immune response comprising type 1 IFN release, NF-κB activation, autophagy, and cellular senescence. The present article discusses the emergence of cGLRs as critical PRRs and how they regulate immune responses. We examined the role of cGAS/STING signaling, a well-studied cGLR system, in the activation of the immune system. The following sections discuss the role of cGAS/STING dysregulation in disease and how immune cross-talk with other PRRs maintains immune homeostasis. This understanding will lead to the design of better vaccines and immunotherapeutics for various diseases, including infections, autoimmunity, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
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13
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Silva RCMC, Gomes FM. Evolution of the Major Components of Innate Immunity in Animals. J Mol Evol 2024; 92:3-20. [PMID: 38281163 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-024-10155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Innate immunity is present in all animals. In this review, we explore the main conserved mechanisms of recognition and innate immune responses among animals. In this sense, we discuss the receptors, critical for binding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs); the downstream signaling proteins; and transcription factors that govern immune responses. We also highlight conserved inflammatory mediators that are induced after the recognition of DAMPs and PAMPs. At last, we discuss the mechanisms that are involved in the regulation and/or generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), influencing immune responses, like heme-oxygenases (HOs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Mendonça Gomes
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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14
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Liu J, Zhou J, Luan Y, Li X, Meng X, Liao W, Tang J, Wang Z. cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis: an overview of crosstalk mechanism of activation and regulation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:22. [PMID: 38195584 PMCID: PMC10775518 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01466-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular DNA-sensing pathway cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis act as critical natural immune signaling axes for microbial infection, chronic inflammation, cancer progression and organ degeneration, but the mechanism and regulation of the crosstalk network remain unclear. Cellular stress disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, facilitates the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and the leakage of mitochondrial DNA to cell membrane, triggers inflammatory responses by activating cGAS-STING signaling, and subsequently induces inflammasomes activation and the onset of pyroptosis. Meanwhile, the inflammasome-associated protein caspase-1, Gasdermin D, the CARD domain of ASC and the potassium channel are involved in regulating cGAS-STING pathway. Importantly, this crosstalk network has a cascade amplification effect that exacerbates the immuno-inflammatory response, worsening the pathological process of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Given the importance of this crosstalk network of cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis in the regulation of innate immunity, it is emerging as a new avenue to explore the mechanisms of multiple disease pathogenesis. Therefore, efforts to define strategies to selectively modulate cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis in different disease settings have been or are ongoing. In this review, we will describe how this mechanistic understanding is driving possible therapeutics targeting this crosstalk network, focusing on the interacting or regulatory proteins, pathways, and a regulatory mitochondrial hub between cGAS-STING, inflammasomes, and pyroptosis. SHORT CONCLUSION This review aims to provide insight into the critical roles and regulatory mechanisms of the crosstalk network of cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis, and to highlight some promising directions for future research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- The Second Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315099, China
| | - Yuling Luan
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Zheilei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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15
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. Immune Homeostasis: A Novel Example of Teamwork. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2782:1-24. [PMID: 38622389 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3754-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
All living organisms must maintain homeostasis to survive, reproduce, and pass their traits on to the next generation. If homeostasis is not maintained, it can result in various diseases and ultimately lead to death. Physiologists have coined the term "homeostasis" to describe this process. With the emergence of immunology as a separate branch of medicine, the concept of immune homeostasis has been introduced. Maintaining immune homeostasis is crucial to support overall homeostasis through different immunological and non-immunological routes. Any changes in the immune system can lead to chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency diseases, frequent infections, and cancers. Ongoing scientific advances are exploring new avenues in immunology and immune homeostasis maintenance. This chapter introduces the concept of immune homeostasis and its maintenance through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical Education Building-C, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John H Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical Education Building-C, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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16
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Katoh H, Honda T. Roles of Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Endogenous Virus-Like Elements in Cancer Development and Innate Immunity. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1706. [PMID: 38136578 PMCID: PMC10741599 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections in the host genome. Although mutations and silencing mechanisms impair their original role in viral replication, HERVs are believed to play roles in various biological processes. Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) are non-LTR retrotransposons that have a lifecycle resembling that of retroviruses. Although LINE expression is typically silenced in somatic cells, it also contributes to various biological processes. The aberrant expression of HERVs and LINEs is closely associated with the development of cancer and/or immunological diseases, suggesting that they are integrated into various pathways related to the diseases. HERVs/LINEs control gene expression depending on the context as promoter/enhancer elements. Some RNAs and proteins derived from HERVs/LINEs have oncogenic potential, whereas others stimulate innate immunity. Non-retroviral endogenous viral elements (nrEVEs) are a novel type of virus-like element in the genome. nrEVEs may also be involved in host immunity. This article provides a current understanding of how these elements impact cellular physiology in cancer development and innate immunity, and provides perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Katoh
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
- Department of Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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17
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De Luca G, Lev PR, Camacho MF, Goette NP, Sackmann F, Castro Ríos MA, Moiraghi B, Cortes Guerrieri V, Bendek G, Carricondo E, Enrico A, Vallejo V, Varela A, Khoury M, Gutierrez M, Larripa IB, Marta RF, Glembotsky AC, Heller PG. High cell-free DNA is associated with disease progression, inflammasome activation and elevated levels of inflammasome-related cytokine IL-18 in patients with myelofibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161832. [PMID: 38035089 PMCID: PMC10687201 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder classified among chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, characterized by exacerbated myeloid and megakaryocytic proliferation and bone marrow fibrosis. It is induced by driver (JAK2/CALR/MPL) and high molecular risk mutations coupled to a sustained inflammatory state that contributes to disease pathogenesis. Patient outcome is determined by stratification into risk groups and refinement of current prognostic systems may help individualize treatment decisions. Circulating cell-free (cf)DNA comprises short fragments of double-stranded DNA, which promotes inflammation by stimulating several pathways, including inflammasome activation, which is responsible for IL-1β and IL-18 maturation and release. In this work, we assessed the contribution of cfDNA as a marker of disease progression and mediator of inflammation in MF. cfDNA was increased in MF patients and higher levels were associated with adverse clinical outcome, a high-risk molecular profile, advanced disease stages and inferior overall survival, indicating its potential value as a prognostic marker. Cell-free DNA levels correlated with tumor burden parameters and markers of systemic inflammation. To mimic the effects of cfDNA, monocytes were stimulated with poly(dA:dT), a synthetic double-stranded DNA. Following stimulation, patient monocytes released higher amounts of inflammasome-processed cytokine, IL-18 to the culture supernatant, reflecting enhanced inflammasome function. Despite overexpression of cytosolic DNA inflammasome sensor AIM2, IL-18 release from MF monocytes was shown to rely mainly on the NLRP3 inflammasome, as it was prevented by NLRP3-specific inhibitor MCC950. Circulating IL-18 levels were increased in MF plasma, reflecting in vivo inflammasome activation, and highlighting the previously unrecognized involvement of this cytokine in MF cytokine network. Monocyte counts were higher in patients and showed a trend towards correlation with IL-18 levels, suggesting monocytes represent a source of circulating IL-18. The close correlation shown between IL-18 and cfDNA levels, together with the finding of enhanced DNA-triggered IL-18 release from monocytes, suggest that cfDNA promotes inflammation, at least in part, through inflammasome activation. This work highlights cfDNA, the inflammasome and IL-18 as additional players in the complex inflammatory circuit that fosters MF progression, potentially providing new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine De Luca
- División Hematología Investigación, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Dr. Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), UBA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola R. Lev
- División Hematología Investigación, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Dr. Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), UBA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria F. Camacho
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, IMEX-CONICET/Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora P. Goette
- División Hematología Investigación, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Dr. Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Beatriz Moiraghi
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Veronica Cortes Guerrieri
- División Hematología Clínica, IDIM Dr. Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgina Bendek
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Carricondo
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Enrico
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Italiano de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Veronica Vallejo
- Departamento de Hematología, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Varela
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Khoury
- Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, IDIM Dr. Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Gutierrez
- Unidad Genómica, Laboratorio Stamboulian, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene B. Larripa
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, IMEX-CONICET/Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosana F. Marta
- División Hematología Investigación, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Dr. Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), UBA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana C. Glembotsky
- División Hematología Investigación, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Dr. Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), UBA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula G. Heller
- División Hematología Investigación, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Dr. Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), UBA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Magkouta SF, Vaitsi PC, Iliopoulou MP, Pappas AG, Kosti CN, Psarra K, Kalomenidis IT. MTH1 Inhibition Alleviates Immune Suppression and Enhances the Efficacy of Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy in Experimental Mesothelioma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4962. [PMID: 37894329 PMCID: PMC10605650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MTH1 protects tumor cells and their supporting endothelium from lethal DNA damage triggered by oxidative stress in the tumor microenvironment, thus promoting tumor growth. The impact of MTH1 on the tumor-related immune compartment remains unknown. We hypothesized that MTH1 regulates immune fitness and therefore enhances the activity of currently used immunotherapeutic regimens. METHODS Our hypotheses were validated in two syngeneic murine mesothelioma models using the clinically relevant MTH1 inhibitor, karonudib. We also examined the effect of combined MTH1 and PD-L1 blockade in mesothelioma progression, focusing on the main immune players. RESULTS Karonudib administration enhances M1 macrophage polarization, stimulates CD8 expansion and promotes the activation of DC and T cells. Combined administration of PD-L1 and MTH1 inhibitors impairs mesothelioma tumor growth and mesothelioma-associated pleural effusion accumulation more effectively compared to each monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Combined MTH1 and PD-L1 inhibition holds promise for the successful clinical management of mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia F. Magkouta
- “Marianthi Simou Laboratory”, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 10676 Athens, Greece; (P.C.V.); (M.P.I.); (A.G.P.); (C.N.K.); (I.T.K.)
| | - Photene C. Vaitsi
- “Marianthi Simou Laboratory”, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 10676 Athens, Greece; (P.C.V.); (M.P.I.); (A.G.P.); (C.N.K.); (I.T.K.)
| | - Marianthi P. Iliopoulou
- “Marianthi Simou Laboratory”, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 10676 Athens, Greece; (P.C.V.); (M.P.I.); (A.G.P.); (C.N.K.); (I.T.K.)
| | - Apostolos G. Pappas
- “Marianthi Simou Laboratory”, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 10676 Athens, Greece; (P.C.V.); (M.P.I.); (A.G.P.); (C.N.K.); (I.T.K.)
| | - Chrysavgi N. Kosti
- “Marianthi Simou Laboratory”, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 10676 Athens, Greece; (P.C.V.); (M.P.I.); (A.G.P.); (C.N.K.); (I.T.K.)
| | - Katherina Psarra
- Department of Immunology-Histocompatibility, Evangelismos Hospital, 10675 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis T. Kalomenidis
- “Marianthi Simou Laboratory”, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 10676 Athens, Greece; (P.C.V.); (M.P.I.); (A.G.P.); (C.N.K.); (I.T.K.)
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19
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Kumar V, Bauer C, Stewart JH. Targeting cGAS/STING signaling-mediated myeloid immune cell dysfunction in TIME. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:48. [PMID: 37380989 PMCID: PMC10304357 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid immune cells (MICs) are potent innate immune cells serving as first responders to invading pathogens and internal changes to cellular homeostasis. Cancer is a stage of altered cellular homeostasis that can originate in response to different pathogens, chemical carcinogens, and internal genetic/epigenetic changes. MICs express several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on their membranes, cytosol, and organelles, recognizing systemic, tissue, and organ-specific altered homeostasis. cGAS/STING signaling is a cytosolic PRR system for identifying cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in a sequence-independent but size-dependent manner. The longer the cytosolic dsDNA size, the stronger the cGAS/STING signaling activation with increased type 1 interferon (IFN) and NF-κB-dependent cytokines and chemokines' generation. The present article discusses tumor-supportive changes occurring in the tumor microenvironment (TME) or tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) MICs, specifically emphasizing cGAS/STING signaling-dependent alteration. The article further discusses utilizing MIC-specific cGAS/STING signaling modulation as critical tumor immunotherapy to alter TIME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70012, USA.
| | - Caitlin Bauer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70012, USA
| | - John H Stewart
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70012, USA.
- Louisiana Children's Medical Center Cancer Center, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70012, USA.
- Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, Louisiana State University New Orleans-Louisiana Children's Medical Center Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70012, USA.
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Green JP, El-Sharkawy LY, Roth S, Zhu J, Cao J, Leach AG, Liesz A, Freeman S, Brough D. Discovery of an inhibitor of DNA-driven inflammation that preferentially targets the AIM2 inflammasome. iScience 2023; 26:106758. [PMID: 37216118 PMCID: PMC10193008 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation driven by DNA sensors is now understood to be important to disease pathogenesis. Here, we describe new inhibitors of DNA sensing, primarily of the inflammasome forming sensor AIM2. Biochemistry and molecular modeling has revealed 4-sulfonic calixarenes as potent inhibitors of AIM2 that likely work by binding competitively to the DNA-binding HIN domain. Although less potent, these AIM2 inhibitors also inhibit DNA sensors cGAS and TLR9 demonstrating a broad utility against DNA-driven inflammatory responses. The 4-sulfonic calixarenes inhibited AIM2-dependent post-stroke T cell death, highlighting a proof of concept that the 4-sulfonic calixarenes could be effective at combating post-stroke immunosuppression. By extension, we propose a broad utility against DNA-driven inflammation in disease. Finally, we reveal that the drug suramin, by virtue of its structural similarities, is an inhibitor of DNA-dependent inflammation and propose that suramin could be rapidly repurposed to meet an increasing clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P. Green
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Lina Y. El-Sharkawy
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stefan Roth
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jie Zhu
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jiayu Cao
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew G. Leach
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sally Freeman
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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21
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Govindarajulu M, Ramesh S, Beasley M, Lynn G, Wallace C, Labeau S, Pathak S, Nadar R, Moore T, Dhanasekaran M. Role of cGAS-Sting Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098151. [PMID: 37175853 PMCID: PMC10179704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) interacts extensively with immunological processes in the brain and extends beyond the neuronal compartment. Accumulation of misfolded proteins can activate an innate immune response that releases inflammatory mediators and increases the severity and course of the disease. It is widely known that type-I interferon-driven neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) accelerates the development of numerous acute and chronic CNS diseases. It is becoming better understood how the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its adaptor protein Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) triggers type-I IFN-mediated neuroinflammation. We discuss the principal elements of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and the mechanisms underlying the association between cGAS-STING activity and various AD pathologies. The current understanding of beneficial and harmful cGAS-STING activity in AD and the current treatment pathways being explored will be discussed in this review. The cGAS-STING regulation offers a novel therapeutic opportunity to modulate inflammation in the CNS because it is an upstream regulator of type-I IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - McNeil Beasley
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Graham Lynn
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Caleigh Wallace
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sammie Labeau
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Suhrud Pathak
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rishi Nadar
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Timothy Moore
- Units Administration, Research Programs, Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 2316 Walker Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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22
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He X, Sun Y, Lu J, Naz F, Ma S, Liu J. Cytoplasmic DNAs: Sources, sensing, and roles in the development of lung inflammatory diseases and cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117760. [PMID: 37122745 PMCID: PMC10130589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic DNA is emerging as a pivotal contributor to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancer, such as COVID-19 and lung carcinoma. However, the complexity of various cytoplasmic DNA-related pathways and their crosstalk remains challenging to distinguish their specific roles in many distinct inflammatory diseases, especially for the underlying mechanisms. Here, we reviewed the latest findings on cytoplasmic DNA and its signaling pathways in inflammatory lung conditions and lung cancer progression. We found that sustained activation of cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathways contributes to the development of common lung diseases, which may result from external factors or mutations of key genes in the organism. We further discussed the interplays between cytoplasmic DNA and anti-inflammatory or anti-tumor effects for potential immunotherapy. In sum, this review aids in understanding the roles of cytoplasmic DNAs and exploring more therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jianzhang Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Faiza Naz
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Biomedical and Heath Translational Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Haining, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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IFN-Induced PARPs—Sensors of Foreign Nucleic Acids? Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030457. [PMID: 36986379 PMCID: PMC10057411 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells have developed different strategies to cope with viral infections. Key to initiating a defense response against viruses is the ability to distinguish foreign molecules from their own. One central mechanism is the perception of foreign nucleic acids by host proteins which, in turn, initiate an efficient immune response. Nucleic acid sensing pattern recognition receptors have evolved, each targeting specific features to discriminate viral from host RNA. These are complemented by several RNA-binding proteins that assist in sensing of foreign RNAs. There is increasing evidence that the interferon-inducible ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs; PARP9—PARP15) contribute to immune defense and attenuation of viruses. However, their activation, subsequent targets, and precise mechanisms of interference with viruses and their propagation are still largely unknown. Best known for its antiviral activities and its role as RNA sensor is PARP13. In addition, PARP9 has been recently described as sensor for viral RNA. Here we will discuss recent findings suggesting that some PARPs function in antiviral innate immunity. We expand on these findings and integrate this information into a concept that outlines how the different PARPs might function as sensors of foreign RNA. We speculate about possible consequences of RNA binding with regard to the catalytic activities of PARPs, substrate specificity and signaling, which together result in antiviral activities.
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24
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Suptela AJ, Marriott I. Cytosolic DNA sensors and glial responses to endogenous DNA. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130172. [PMID: 36999037 PMCID: PMC10043442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a key driving force for the development and progression of many neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system (CNS) cancers. The initiation of DNA damage responses is a critical step in maintaining genomic integrity and preventing such diseases. However, the absence of these responses or their inability to repair genomic or mitochondrial DNA damage resulting from insults, including ionizing radiation or oxidative stress, can lead to an accumulation of self-DNA in the cytoplasm. Resident CNS cells, such as astrocytes and microglia, are known to produce critical immune mediators following CNS infection due to the recognition of pathogen and damage-associated molecular patterns by specialized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Recently, multiple intracellular PRRs, including cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, interferon gamma-inducible 16, absent in melanoma 2, and Z-DNA binding protein, have been identified as cytosolic DNA sensors and to play critical roles in glial immune responses to infectious agents. Intriguingly, these nucleic acid sensors have recently been shown to recognize endogenous DNA and trigger immune responses in peripheral cell types. In the present review, we discuss the available evidence that cytosolic DNA sensors are expressed by resident CNS cells and can mediate their responses to the presence of self-DNA. Furthermore, we discuss the potential for glial DNA sensor-mediated responses to provide protection against tumorigenesis versus the initiation of potentially detrimental neuroinflammation that could initiate or foster the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Determining the mechanisms that underlie the detection of cytosolic DNA by glia and the relative role of each pathway in the context of specific CNS disorders and their stages may prove pivotal in our understanding of the pathogenesis of such conditions and might be leveraged to develop new treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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25
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Ward GA, Dalton RP, Meyer BS, McLemore AF, Aldrich AL, Lam NB, Onimus AH, Vincelette ND, Trinh TL, Chen X, Calescibetta AR, Christiansen SM, Hou HA, Johnson JO, Wright KL, Padron E, Eksioglu EA, List AF. Oxidized Mitochondrial DNA Engages TLR9 to Activate the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043896. [PMID: 36835307 PMCID: PMC9966808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDSs) are bone marrow (BM) failure malignancies characterized by constitutive innate immune activation, including NLRP3 inflammasome driven pyroptotic cell death. We recently reported that the danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) oxidized mitochondrial DNA (ox-mtDNA) is diagnostically increased in MDS plasma although the functional consequences remain poorly defined. We hypothesized that ox-mtDNA is released into the cytosol, upon NLRP3 inflammasome pyroptotic lysis, where it propagates and further enhances the inflammatory cell death feed-forward loop onto healthy tissues. This activation can be mediated via ox-mtDNA engagement of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), an endosomal DNA sensing pattern recognition receptor known to prime and activate the inflammasome propagating the IFN-induced inflammatory response in neighboring healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), which presents a potentially targetable axis for the reduction in inflammasome activation in MDS. We found that extracellular ox-mtDNA activates the TLR9-MyD88-inflammasome pathway, demonstrated by increased lysosome formation, IRF7 translocation, and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) production. Extracellular ox-mtDNA also induces TLR9 redistribution in MDS HSPCs to the cell surface. The effects on NLRP3 inflammasome activation were validated by blocking TLR9 activation via chemical inhibition and CRISPR knockout, demonstrating that TLR9 was necessary for ox-mtDNA-mediated inflammasome activation. Conversely, lentiviral overexpression of TLR9 sensitized cells to ox-mtDNA. Lastly, inhibiting TLR9 restored hematopoietic colony formation in MDS BM. We conclude that MDS HSPCs are primed for inflammasome activation via ox-mtDNA released by pyroptotic cells. Blocking the TLR9/ox-mtDNA axis may prove to be a novel therapeutic strategy for MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A. Ward
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Robert P. Dalton
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Meyer
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Amy F. McLemore
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Amy L. Aldrich
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nghi B. Lam
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alexis H. Onimus
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nicole D. Vincelette
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Thu Le Trinh
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xianghong Chen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | - Sean M. Christiansen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
| | - Joseph O. Johnson
- Analytic Microscopy Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Wright
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eric Padron
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Erika A. Eksioglu
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-745-8560
| | - Alan F. List
- Precision BioSciences, Inc., Durham, NC 27701, USA
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26
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Sanders OD. Virus-Like Cytosolic and Cell-Free Oxidatively Damaged Nucleic Acids Likely Drive Inflammation, Synapse Degeneration, and Neuron Death in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1-19. [PMID: 36761106 PMCID: PMC9881037 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation, and amyloid-β are Alzheimer's disease (AD) hallmarks that cause each other and other AD hallmarks. Most amyloid-β-lowering, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial AD clinical trials failed; none stopped or reversed AD. Although signs suggest an infectious etiology, no pathogen accumulated consistently in AD patients. Neuropathology, neuronal cell culture, rodent, genome-wide association, epidemiological, biomarker, and clinical studies, plus analysis using Hill causality criteria and revised Koch's postulates, indicate that the virus-like oxidative damage-associated molecular-pattern (DAMP) cytosolic and cell-free nucleic acids accumulated in AD patients' brains likely drive neuroinflammation, synaptotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Cytosolic oxidatively-damaged mitochondrial DNA accumulated outside mitochondria dose-dependently in preclinical AD and AD patients' hippocampal neurons, and in AD patients' neocortical neurons but not cerebellar neurons or glia. In oxidatively-stressed neural cells and rodents' brains, cytosolic oxidatively-damaged mitochondrial DNA accumulated and increased antiviral and inflammatory proteins, including cleaved caspase-1, interleukin-1β, and interferon-β. Cytosolic double-stranded RNA and DNA are DAMPs that induce antiviral interferons and/or inflammatory proteins by oligomerizing with various innate-immune pattern-recognition receptors, e.g., cyclic GMP-AMP synthase and the nucleotide-binding-oligomerization-domain-like-receptor-pyrin-domain-containing-3 inflammasome. In oxidatively-stressed neural cells, cytosolic oxidatively-damaged mitochondrial DNA caused synaptotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Depleting mitochondrial DNA prevented these effects. Additionally, cell-free nucleic acids accumulated in AD patients' blood, extracellular vesicles, and senile plaques. Injecting cell-free nucleic acids bound to albumin oligomers into wild-type mice's hippocampi triggered antiviral interferon-β secretion; interferon-β injection caused synapse degeneration. Deoxyribonuclease-I treatment appeared to improve a severe-AD patient's Mini-Mental Status Exam by 15 points. Preclinical and clinical studies of deoxyribonuclease-I and a ribonuclease for AD should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Davis Sanders
- Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA,Correspondence to: Owen Davis Sanders, 210 S 16th St. Apt. 215, Omaha, NE 68102, USA. E-mails: and
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27
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Circulating Cell-Free DNA Levels in Psychiatric Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043402. [PMID: 36834811 PMCID: PMC9963116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels are known to increase in biological fluids in various pathological conditions. However, the data on circulating cfDNA in severe psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), and depressive disorders (DDs), is contradictory. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the concentrations of different cfDNA types in schizophrenia, BD, and DDs compared with healthy donors. The mitochondrial (cf-mtDNA), genomic (cf-gDNA), and total cfDNA concentrations were analyzed separately. The effect size was estimated using the standardized mean difference (SMD). Eight reports for schizophrenia, four for BD, and five for DDs were included in the meta-analysis. However, there were only enough data to analyze the total cfDNA and cf-gDNA in schizophrenia and cf-mtDNA in BD and DDs. It has been shown that the levels of total cfDNA and cf-gDNA in patients with schizophrenia are significantly higher than in healthy donors (SMD values of 0.61 and 0.6, respectively; p < 0.00001). Conversely, the levels of cf-mtDNA in BD and DDs do not differ compared with healthy individuals. Nevertheless, further research is needed in the case of BD and DDs due to the small sample sizes in the BD studies and the significant data heterogeneity in the DD studies. Additionally, further studies are needed on cf-mtDNA in schizophrenia or cf-gDNA and total cfDNA in BD and DDs due to insufficient data. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides the first evidence of increases in total cfDNA and cf-gDNA in schizophrenia but shows no changes in cf-mtDNA in BD and DDs. Increased circulating cfDNA in schizophrenia may be associated with chronic systemic inflammation, as cfDNA has been found to trigger inflammatory responses.
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28
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Aubé FA, Bidias A, Pépin G. Who and how, DNA sensors in NETs-driven inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190177. [PMID: 37187738 PMCID: PMC10179500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During infections, neutrophil extracellular traps act like a meshwork of molecules that captures microbes. In contrast, during sterile inflammation the presence of NETs is usually associated with tissue damage and uncontrolled inflammation. In this context, DNA acts both as activator of NETs formation and immunogenic molecule fueling inflammation within the injured tissue microenvironment. Pattern recognition receptors that specifically bind to and get activated by DNA such as Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and Absence in Melanoma-2 (AIM2) have been reported to play a role in NETs formation and detection. However, how these DNA sensors contribute to NETs-driven inflammation is not well understood. Whether these DNA sensors have unique roles or on the contrary they are mostly redundant is still elusive. In this review, we summarize the known contribution of the above DNA sensors to the formation and detection of NETs in the context of sterile inflammation. We also highlight scientific gaps needed to be addressed and propose future direction for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix-Antoine Aubé
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Amel Bidias
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pépin
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Geneviève Pépin,
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29
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Abstract
Innate immunity acts as the first line of defense against pathogen invasion. During Toxoplasma gondii infection, multiple innate immune sensors are activated by invading microbes or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). However, how inflammasome is activated and its regulatory mechanisms during T. gondii infection remain elusive. Here, we showed that the infection of PRU, a lethal type II T. gondii strain, activates inflammasome at the early stage of infection. PRU tachyzoites, RNA and soluble tachyzoite antigen (STAg) mainly triggered the NLRP3 inflammasome, while PRU genomic DNA (gDNA) specially activated the AIM2 inflammasome. Furthermore, mice deficient in AIM2, NLRP3, or caspase-1/11 were more susceptible to T. gondii PRU infection, and the ablation of inflammasome signaling impaired antitoxoplasmosis immune responses by enhancing type I interferon (IFN-I) production. Blockage of IFN-I receptor fulfilled inflammasome-deficient mice competent immune responses as WT mice. Moreover, we have identified that the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is a key negative regulator induced by inflammasome-activated IL-1β signaling and inhibits IFN-I production by targeting interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). In general, our study defines a novel protective role of inflammasome activation during toxoplasmosis and identifies a critical regulatory mechanism of the cross talk between inflammasome and IFN-I signaling for understanding infectious diseases. IMPORTANCE As a key component of innate immunity, inflammasome is critical for host antitoxoplasmosis immunity, but the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. In this study, we found that inflammasome signaling was activated by PAMPs of T. gondii, which generated a protective immunity against T. gondii invasion by suppressing type I interferon (IFN-I) production. Mechanically, inflammasome-coupled IL-1β signaling triggered the expression of negative regulator SOCS1, which bound to IRF3 to inhibit IFN-I production. The role of IFN-I in anti-T. gondii immunity is little studied and controversial, and here we also found IFN-I is harmful to host antitoxoplasmosis immunity by using knockout mice and recombinant proteins. In general, our study identifies a protective role of inflammasomes to the host during T. gondii infection and a novel mechanism by which inflammasome suppresses IFN-I signaling in antitoxoplasmosis immunity, which will likely provide new insights into therapeutic targets for toxoplasmosis and highlight the cross talk between innate immune signaling in infectious diseases prevention.
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30
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Műzes G, Bohusné Barta B, Szabó O, Horgas V, Sipos F. Cell-Free DNA in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Non-Infectious Inflammations and Tumors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112853. [PMID: 36359370 PMCID: PMC9687442 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic function of the immune system is the protection of the host against infections, along with the preservation of the individual antigenic identity. The process of self-tolerance covers the discrimination between self and foreign antigens, including proteins, nucleic acids, and larger molecules. Consequently, a broken immunological self-tolerance results in the development of autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders. Immunocompetent cells express pattern-recognition receptors on their cell membrane and cytoplasm. The majority of endogenous DNA is located intracellularly within nuclei and mitochondria. However, extracellular, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can also be detected in a variety of diseases, such as autoimmune disorders and malignancies, which has sparked interest in using cfDNA as a possible biomarker. In recent years, the widespread use of liquid biopsies and the increasing demand for screening, as well as monitoring disease activity and therapy response, have enabled the revival of cfDNA research. The majority of studies have mainly focused on the function of cfDNA as a biomarker. However, research regarding the immunological consequences of cfDNA, such as its potential immunomodulatory or therapeutic benefits, is still in its infancy. This article discusses the involvement of various DNA-sensing receptors (e.g., absent in melanoma-2; Toll-like receptor 9; cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/activator of interferon genes) in identifying host cfDNA as a potent danger-associated molecular pattern. Furthermore, we aim to summarize the results of the experimental studies that we recently performed and highlight the immunomodulatory capacity of cfDNA, and thus, the potential for possible therapeutic consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ferenc Sipos
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-20-478-0752; Fax: +36-1-266-0816
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31
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Davis Sanders O, Rajagopal L, Chase Barton C, Archa Rajagopal J, Lopez O, Lopez K, Malik F. Does oxidative DNA damage trigger histotoxic hypoxia via PARP1/AMP-driven mitochondrial ADP depletion-induced ATP synthase inhibition in Alzheimer's disease? Mitochondrion 2022; 67:59-64. [PMID: 36367519 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The low cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen despite the relatively preserved perfusion in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' medial temporal lobes suggest histotoxic hypoxia due to mitochondrial dysfunction that is independent of, but could precede, insulin resistance. Neuropathological, metabolomic, and preclinical evidence are consistent with the notion that this mitochondrial dysfunction may be contributed to by oxidative stress and DNA damage, leading to poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase-1 (PARP1) activation and consequent AMP accumulation, clogging of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide transporters (ANTs), matrix ADP deprivation, and ATP synthase inhibition. Complementary mechanisms may include mitochondrial-protein poly-ADP-ribosylation and mitochondrial-biogenesis suppression via PARPs outcompeting Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) for nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide (NAD+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Davis Sanders
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, 42(nd) and Emile St., Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Lekshmy Rajagopal
- Seven Hills Hospital, Marol Maroshi Rd, Shivaji Nagar JJC, Marol, Andheri East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400059, India
| | - Chandler Chase Barton
- Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd. Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA
| | | | - Olga Lopez
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Kalei Lopez
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Fayeza Malik
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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32
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Jian Q, Ma Y. Pattern recognition receptor AIM2: Activation, regulation and the role in transplant immunology. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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33
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Cao B, Chen Y, Cui J, Sun Y, Xu T. Zw10 negatively regulates the MyD88-mediated NF-κB signaling through autophagy in teleost fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 132:104401. [PMID: 35339534 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MyD88 is a typical street protein of the TLRs signaling pathway and is a central player in innate immune signaling, which can regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway and promote downstream inflammatory factors. However, studies on the molecular mechanisms of the MyD88-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway in teleosts have been poorly reported. In this study, we report that Zw10 targets MyD88 to inhibit NF-κB activation. Zw10 inhibits cell proliferation and MyD88-mediated innate immunity in fish. Zw10 interacts with MyD88, and its Δ2 domain is very critical for MyD88 degradation. In addition, we found that Zw10 degrade MyD88 by autophagy, thereby negatively regulating the MyD88-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. This study not only enriches the research on the innate immunity of teleost fish, but also provides insights for the regulating mechanism for mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolan Cao
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Chen
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxia Cui
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuena Sun
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, China.
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, China.
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34
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Li T, Lu L, Pember E, Li X, Zhang B, Zhu Z. New Insights into Neuroinflammation Involved in Pathogenic Mechanism of Alzheimer's Disease and Its Potential for Therapeutic Intervention. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121925. [PMID: 35741054 PMCID: PMC9221885 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting more than 50 million people worldwide with an estimated increase to 139 million people by 2050. The exact pathogenic mechanisms of AD remain elusive, resulting in the fact that the current therapeutics solely focus on symptomatic management instead of preventative or curative strategies. The two most widely accepted pathogenic mechanisms of AD include the amyloid and tau hypotheses. However, it is evident that these hypotheses cannot fully explain neuronal degeneration shown in AD. Substantial evidence is growing for the vital role of neuroinflammation in AD pathology. The neuroinflammatory hypothesis provides a new, exciting lead in uncovering the underlying mechanisms contributing to AD. This review aims to highlight new insights into the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of AD, mainly including the involvement of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1 axis, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and cGAS-STING as key influencers in augmenting AD development. The inflammasomes related to the pathways of NF-κB, NLRP3, TREM2, and cGAS-STING as biomarkers of the neuroinflammation associated with AD, as well as an overview of novel AD treatments based on these biomarkers as potential drug targets reported in the literature or under clinical trials, are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (T.L.); (L.L.); (E.P.); (B.Z.)
| | - Li Lu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (T.L.); (L.L.); (E.P.); (B.Z.)
| | - Eloise Pember
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (T.L.); (L.L.); (E.P.); (B.Z.)
| | - Xinuo Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211112, China;
| | - Bocheng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (T.L.); (L.L.); (E.P.); (B.Z.)
| | - Zheying Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (T.L.); (L.L.); (E.P.); (B.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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35
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Ershova ES, Shmarina GV, Porokhovnik LN, Zakharova NV, Kostyuk GP, Umriukhin PE, Kutsev SI, Sergeeva VA, Veiko NN, Kostyuk SV. In Vitro Analysis of Biological Activity of Circulating Cell-Free DNA Isolated from Blood Plasma of Schizophrenic Patients and Healthy Controls. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030551. [PMID: 35328103 PMCID: PMC8955124 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. Circulating cell-free DNA (c-cfDNA) belongs to the DAMP class. The major research question was: can the c-cfDNA of schizophrenic patients (sz-cfDNA) stimulate the DNA sensor genes, which control the innate immunity? We investigated the in vitro response of ten human skin fibroblast (HSF) lines to five DNA probes containing different amounts of a GC-rich marker (the ribosomal repeat) and a DNA oxidation marker (8-oxodG) including sz-cfDNA and healthy control c-cfDNA (hc-cfDNA) probes. After 1 h, 3 h, and 24 h of incubation, the expression of 6 protein genes responsible for cfDNA transport into the cell (EEA1 and HMGB1) and the recognition of cytosolic DNA (TLR9, AIM2, STING and RIG-I) was analyzed at the transcriptional (RT-qPCR) and protein level (flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy). Additionally, we analyzed changes in the RNA amount of 32 genes (RT-qPCR), which had been previously associated with different cellular responses to cell-free DNA with different characteristics. Adding sz-cfDNA and hc-cfDNA to the HSF medium in equal amounts (50 ng/mL) blocked endocytosis and stimulated TLR9 and STING gene expression while blocking RIG-I and AIM2 expression. Sz-cfDNA and hc-cfDNA, compared to gDNA, demonstrated much stronger stimulated transcription of genes that control cell proliferation, cytokine synthesis, apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. No significant difference was observed in the response of the cells to sz-cfDNA and hc-cfDNA. Sz-cfDNA and hc-cfDNA showed similarly high biological activity towards HSFs, stimulating the gene activity of TLR9 and STING DNA sensor proteins and blocking the activity of the AIM2 protein gene. Since the sz-cfDNA content in the patients’ blood is several times higher than the hc-cfDNA content, sz-cfDNA may upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta S. Ershova
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.E.); (G.V.S.); (P.E.U.); (S.I.K.); (V.A.S.); (N.N.V.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Galina V. Shmarina
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.E.); (G.V.S.); (P.E.U.); (S.I.K.); (V.A.S.); (N.N.V.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Lev N. Porokhovnik
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.E.); (G.V.S.); (P.E.U.); (S.I.K.); (V.A.S.); (N.N.V.); (S.V.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalia V. Zakharova
- N.A. Alekseev Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No. 1, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.Z.); (G.P.K.)
| | - George P. Kostyuk
- N.A. Alekseev Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No. 1, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.Z.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Pavel E. Umriukhin
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.E.); (G.V.S.); (P.E.U.); (S.I.K.); (V.A.S.); (N.N.V.); (S.V.K.)
- Department of Physiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey I. Kutsev
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.E.); (G.V.S.); (P.E.U.); (S.I.K.); (V.A.S.); (N.N.V.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Vasilina A. Sergeeva
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.E.); (G.V.S.); (P.E.U.); (S.I.K.); (V.A.S.); (N.N.V.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Natalia N. Veiko
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.E.); (G.V.S.); (P.E.U.); (S.I.K.); (V.A.S.); (N.N.V.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Svetlana V. Kostyuk
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.E.); (G.V.S.); (P.E.U.); (S.I.K.); (V.A.S.); (N.N.V.); (S.V.K.)
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36
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Lata S, Mishra R, Arya RP, Arora P, Lahon A, Banerjea AC, Sood V. Where all the Roads Meet? A Crossover Perspective on Host Factors Regulating SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167403. [PMID: 34914966 PMCID: PMC8666384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is the latest pandemic which has thrown the world into an unprecedented social and economic uncertainties along with huge loss to humanity. Identification of the host factors regulating the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human host may help in the development of novel anti-viral therapies to combat the viral infection and spread. Recently, some research groups used genome-wide CRISPR/Cas screening to identify the host factors critical for the SARS-CoV-2 replication and infection. A comparative analysis of these significant host factors (p < 0.05) identified fifteen proteins common in these studies. Apart from ACE2 (receptor for SARS-CoV-2 attachment), other common host factors were CSNK2B, GDI2, SLC35B2, DDX51, VPS26A, ARPP-19, C1QTNF7, ALG6, LIMA1, COG3, COG8, BCOR, LRRN2 and TLR9. Additionally, viral interactome of these host factors revealed that many of them were associated with several SARS-CoV-2 proteins as well. Interestingly, some of these host factors have already been shown to be critical for the pathogenesis of other viruses suggesting their crucial role in virus-host interactions. Here, we review the functions of these host factors and their role in other diseases with special emphasis on viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Lata
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Mishra
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi P. Arya
- KSBS, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Arora
- Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Akhil C. Banerjea
- Institute of Advanced Virology, Kerala, India,Corresponding authors
| | - Vikas Sood
- Biochemistry Department, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India,Corresponding authors
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37
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Ren L, Wang L, Rehberg M, Stoeger T, Zhang J, Chen S. Applications and Immunological Effects of Quantum Dots on Respiratory System. Front Immunol 2022; 12:795232. [PMID: 35069577 PMCID: PMC8770806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.795232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs), are one kind of nanoscale semiconductor crystals with specific electronic and optical properties, offering near-infrared mission and chemically active surfaces. Increasing interest for QDs exists in developing theranostics platforms for bioapplications such as imaging, drug delivery and therapy. Here we summarized QDs’ biomedical applications, toxicity, and immunological effects on the respiratory system. Bioapplications of QDs in lung include biomedical imaging, drug delivery, bio-sensing or diagnosis and therapy. Generically, toxic effects of nanoparticles are related to the generation of oxidative stresses with subsequent DNA damage and decreased lung cells viability in vitro and in vivo because of release of toxic metal ions or the features of QDs like its surface charge. Lastly, pulmonary immunological effects of QDs mainly include proinflammatory cytokines release and recruiting innate leukocytes or adaptive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laibin Ren
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingwei Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg and Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg and Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shanze Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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38
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Sanders OD, Rajagopal L, Rajagopal JA. The oxidatively damaged DNA and amyloid-β oligomer hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:403-412. [PMID: 34506904 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomer hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) still dominates the field, yet the clinical trial evidence does not robustly support it. A falsifiable prediction of the hypothesis is that Aβ oligomer levels should be elevated in the brain regions and at the disease stages where and when neuron death and synaptic protein loss begin and are the most severe, but we review previous evidence to demonstrate that this is not consistently the case. To rescue the Aβ oligomer hypothesis from falsification, we propose the novel ad-hoc hypothesis that the exceptionally vulnerable hippocampus may normally produce Aβ peptides even in healthily aging individuals, and hippocampal oxidatively damaged DNA, pathogen DNA, and metal ions such as zinc may initiate and drive Aβ peptide aggregation into oligomers and spreading, neuron death, synaptic dysfunction, and other aspects of AD neurodegeneration. We highlight additional evidence consistent with the underwhelming efficacy of Aβ oligomer-lowering agents, such as aducanumab, and of antioxidants, such as vitamin E, versus the so far isolated case report that DNase-I treatment for 2 months resulted in a severe AD patient's Mini-Mental State Exam score increasing from 3 to 18, reversing his diagnosis to moderate AD, according to the Mini-Mental State Exam.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lekshmy Rajagopal
- Seven Hills Hospital, Marol Maroshi Rd, Shivaji Nagar JJC, Marol, Andheri East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400059, India
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Abstract
Toll-like receptors were discovered as proteins playing a crucial role in the dorsoventral patterning during embryonic development in the Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) almost 40 years ago. Subsequently, further research also showed a role of the Toll protein or Toll receptor in the recognition of Gram-positive bacterial and fungal pathogens infecting D. melanogaster. In 1997, the human homolog was reported and the receptor was named the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) that recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the Gram-negative bacteria as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). Identification of TLR4 in humans filled the long existing gap in the field of infection and immunity, addressing the mystery surrounding the recognition of foreign pathogens/microbes by the immune system. It is now known that mammals (mice and humans) express 13 different TLRs that are expressed on the outer cell membrane or intracellularly, and which recognize different PAMPs or microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and death/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to initiate the protective immune response. However, their dysregulation generates profound and prolonged pro-inflammatory immune responses responsible for different inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. This chapter provides an overview of TLRs in the control of the immune response, their association with different diseases, including TLR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), interactions with microRNAs (miRs), use in drug development and vaccine design, and expansion in neurosciences to include pain, addiction, metabolism, reproduction, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - James E Barrett
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neural Sciences, Centre for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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40
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Babamale AO, Chen ST. Nod-like Receptors: Critical Intracellular Sensors for Host Protection and Cell Death in Microbial and Parasitic Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11398. [PMID: 34768828 PMCID: PMC8584118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death is an essential immunological apparatus of host defense, but dysregulation of mutually inclusive cell deaths poses severe threats during microbial and parasitic infections leading to deleterious consequences in the pathological progression of infectious diseases. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-Leucine-rich repeats (LRR)-containing receptors (NLRs), also called nucleotide-binding oligomerization (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), are major cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), their involvement in the orchestration of innate immunity and host defense against bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, often results in the cleavage of gasdermin and the release of IL-1β and IL-18, should be tightly regulated. NLRs are functionally diverse and tissue-specific PRRs expressed by both immune and non-immune cells. Beyond the inflammasome activation, NLRs are also involved in NF-κB and MAPK activation signaling, the regulation of type I IFN (IFN-I) production and the inflammatory cell death during microbial infections. Recent advancements of NLRs biology revealed its possible interplay with pyroptotic cell death and inflammatory mediators, such as caspase 1, caspase 11, IFN-I and GSDMD. This review provides the most updated information that caspase 8 skews the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in PANoptosis during pathogen infection. We also update multidimensional roles of NLRP12 in regulating innate immunity in a content-dependent manner: novel interference of NLRP12 on TLRs and NOD derived-signaling cascade, and the recently unveiled regulatory property of NLRP12 in production of type I IFN. Future prospects of exploring NLRs in controlling cell death during parasitic and microbial infection were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkareem Olarewaju Babamale
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11266, Taiwan;
- Parasitology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
| | - Szu-Ting Chen
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11266, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11266, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11266, Taiwan
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41
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Seo SU, Jeong JH, Baek BS, Choi JM, Choi YS, Ko HJ, Kweon MN. Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury Increases Resistance to Influenza Virus Infection in a Type I Interferon-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697162. [PMID: 34484196 PMCID: PMC8416411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) results in acute respiratory disease that causes fatal respiratory diseases; however, little is known about the incidence of influenza infection in ALI. Using a ALI-mouse model, we investigated the pro-inflammatory cytokine response to ALI and influenza infection. Mice treated with bleomycin (BLM), which induces ALI, were more resistant to influenza virus infection and exhibited higher levels of type I interferon (IFN-I) transcription during the early infection period than that in PBS-treated control mice. BLM-treated mice also exhibited a lower viral burden, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and neutrophil levels. In contrast, BLM-treated IFN-I receptor 1 (IFNAR1)-knockout mice failed to show this attenuated phenotype, indicating that IFN-I is key to the antiviral response in ALI-induced mice. The STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway was found to be involved in IFN-I production and the establishment of an antiviral environment in the lung. The depletion of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) reduced the effect of BLM treatment against influenza virus infection, suggesting that pDCs are the major source of IFN-I and are crucial for defense against viral infection in BLM-induced lung injury. Overall, this study showed that BLM-mediated ALI in mice induced the release of double-stranded DNA, which in turn potentiated IFN-I-dependent pulmonary viral resistance by activating the STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway in association with pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeon Jeong
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bum-Seo Baek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon, South Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youn Soo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Hashimoto T, Yoshida K, Hashiramoto A, Matsui K. Cell-Free DNA in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8941. [PMID: 34445645 PMCID: PMC8396202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous DNA derived from the nuclei or mitochondria is released into the bloodstream following cell damage or death. Extracellular DNA, called cell-free DNA (cfDNA), is associated with various pathological conditions. Recently, multiple aspects of cfDNA have been assessed, including cfDNA levels, integrity, methylation, and mutations. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of autoimmune arthritis, and treatment of RA has highly varied outcomes. cfDNA in patients with RA is elevated in peripheral blood and synovial fluid and is associated with disease activity. Profiling of cfDNA in patients with RA may then be utilized in various aspects of clinical practice, such as the prediction of prognosis and treatment responses; monitoring disease state; and as a diagnostic marker. In this review, we discuss cfDNA in patients with RA, particularly the sources of cfDNA and the correlation of cfDNA with RA pathogenesis. We also highlight the potential of analyzing cfDNA profiles to guide individualized treatment approaches for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Hashimoto
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 6638501, Japan;
| | - Kohsuke Yoshida
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 6540142, Japan; (K.Y.); (A.H.)
| | - Akira Hashiramoto
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 6540142, Japan; (K.Y.); (A.H.)
| | - Kiyoshi Matsui
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 6638501, Japan;
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Hong Z, Ma T, Liu X, Wang C. cGAS-STING pathway: post-translational modifications and functions in sterile inflammatory diseases. FEBS J 2021; 289:6187-6208. [PMID: 34310043 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic microbial and host aberrant DNAs act as danger signals and trigger host immune responses. Upon recognition, the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) catalyzes the production of a second messenger 2'3'-cGAMP, which activates endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) and ultimately leads to the induction of type I IFNs and inflammatory genes that collectively initiate host immune defense against microbial invasion. Inappropriate activation or suppression of this signaling pathway has been implicated in the development of some autoimmune diseases, sterile inflammation, and cancers. In this review, we describe how the activity of cGAS and STING is regulated by host post-translational modifications and summarize the recent advances of cell-specific cGAS-STING activation and its association in sterile inflammatory diseases. We also discuss key outstanding questions in the field, including how our knowledge of cGAS-STING pathway could be translated into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianchi Ma
- Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Toll-Like Receptors: General Molecular and Structural Biology. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9914854. [PMID: 34195298 PMCID: PMC8181103 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9914854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal biomolecules in the immune system. Today, we are all aware of the importance of TLRs in bridging innate and adaptive immune system to each other. The TLRs are activated through binding to damage/danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), microbial/microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and xenobiotic-associated molecular patterns (XAMPs). The immunogenetic molecules of TLRs have their own functions, structures, coreceptors, and ligands which make them unique. These properties of TLRs give us an opportunity to find out how we can employ this knowledge for ligand-drug discovery strategies to control TLRs functions and contribution, signaling pathways, and indirect activities. Hence, the authors of this paper have a deep observation on the molecular and structural biology of human TLRs (hTLRs). Methods and Materials To prepare this paper and fulfill our goals, different search engines (e.g., GOOGLE SCHOLAR), Databases (e.g., MEDLINE), and websites (e.g., SCOPUS) were recruited to search and find effective papers and investigations. To reach this purpose, we tried with papers published in the English language with no limitation in time. The iCite bibliometrics was exploited to check the quality of the collected publications. Results Each TLR molecule has its own molecular and structural biology, coreceptor(s), and abilities which make them unique or a complementary portion of the others. These immunogenetic molecules have remarkable roles and are much more important in different sections of immune and nonimmune systems rather than that we understand to date. Conclusion TLRs are suitable targets for ligand-drug discovery strategies to establish new therapeutics in the fields of infectious and autoimmune diseases, cancers, and other inflammatory diseases and disorders.
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