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Ostapchuk YO, Lushova AV, Kan SA, Abdolla N, Kali A, Tleulieva R, Perfilyeva AV, Perfilyeva YV. Long-term changes in the phenotype and cytokine production of monocytes in COVID-19 recovered and vaccinated individuals. Infect Immun 2024:e0021624. [PMID: 38874358 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00216-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Monocytes play a crucial role in the immune response against pathogens. Here, we sought to determine COVID-19 and the vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac induce long-term changes in the phenotype and cytokine production of circulating monocytes. Monocytes were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors who had not had COVID-19 or vaccination, who had received two doses of Gam-COVID-Vac, and who had mild/moderate COVID-19 in the last 6 months and evaluated by flow cytometry. To investigate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 proteins, monocytes were cultured for 2 days with or without stimulation with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S1 and N peptides. Monocytes obtained from vaccinated and recovered individuals showed increased basal expression of HLA-DR, CD63, CXCR2, and TLR7. We also observed an increased frequency of CD63+ classical monocytes in both groups, as well as an increased frequency of HLA-DR+ non-classical monocytes in the COVID-19-recovered group compared to the control group. Monocytes from vaccinated and recovered donors produced higher basal levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α cytokines. Ex vivo stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 antigens induced increased expression of HLA-DR and TLR7 on monocytes obtained from the control group. The challenge with SARS-CoV-2 antigens had no effect on the production of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α cytokines by monocytes. The acquired data offer compelling evidence of enduring alterations in both the phenotype and functional status of circulating monocytes subsequent to vaccination with Gam-COVID-Vac and mild/moderate COVID-19 infection. At least some of these changes appear to be a consequence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 S1 and N antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina O Ostapchuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- ECO-Consulting LLC, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Anzhelika V Lushova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Sofia A Kan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurshat Abdolla
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aikyn Kali
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Raikhan Tleulieva
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Yuliya V Perfilyeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Bhargavi G, Subbian S. The causes and consequences of trained immunity in myeloid cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365127. [PMID: 38665915 PMCID: PMC11043514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, immunity in humans has been classified as innate and adaptive, with the concept that only the latter type has an immunological memory/recall response against specific antigens or pathogens. Recently, a new concept of trained immunity (a.k.a. innate memory response) has emerged. According to this concept, innate immune cells can exhibit enhanced responsiveness to subsequent challenges, after initial stimulation with antigen/pathogen. Thus, trained immunity enables the innate immune cells to respond robustly and non-specifically through exposure or re-exposure to antigens/infections or vaccines, providing enhanced resistance to unrelated pathogens or reduced infection severity. For example, individuals vaccinated with BCG to protect against tuberculosis were also protected from malaria and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Epigenetic modifications such as histone acetylation and metabolic reprogramming (e.g. shift towards glycolysis) and their inter-linked regulations are the key factors underpinning the immune activation of trained cells. The integrated metabolic and epigenetic rewiring generates sufficient metabolic intermediates, which is crucial to meet the energy demand required to produce proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses by the trained cells. These factors also determine the efficacy and durability of trained immunity. Importantly, the signaling pathways and regulatory molecules of trained immunity can be harnessed as potential targets for developing novel intervention strategies, such as better vaccines and immunotherapies against infectious (e.g., sepsis) and non-infectious (e.g., cancer) diseases. However, aberrant inflammation caused by inappropriate onset of trained immunity can lead to severe autoimmune pathological consequences, (e.g., systemic sclerosis and granulomatosis). In this review, we provide an overview of conventional innate and adaptive immunity and summarize various mechanistic factors associated with the onset and regulation of trained immunity, focusing on immunologic, metabolic, and epigenetic changes in myeloid cells. This review underscores the transformative potential of trained immunity in immunology, paving the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for various infectious and non-infectious diseases that leverage innate immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
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Vaziri F, Setayesh T, Hu Y, Ravindran R, Wei D, Wan YJY. BCG as an Innovative Option for HCC Treatment: Repurposing and Mechanistic Insights. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308242. [PMID: 38308164 PMCID: PMC11005731 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as a potential treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a condition often associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes. Exploiting BCG's recognized immune-boosting properties, preclinical trials are conducted using HCC mice, with a single subcutaneous dose of BCG administered post-tumor formation. Results indicate that BCG treatment effectively diminishes tumor burden and extends survival in both male and female HCC mice. Positive influences on hepatic fibrosis and metabolism are observed, leading to a reduction in lipid levels. Spatial analysis underscores BCG's tumor-specific effects, inducing the enrichment of metabolic pathways and inhibiting various cancer-related pathways. Furthermore, BCG promotes immune cell infiltration, including CD4+, CD8+ T cells, and M1 macrophages, in both v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1(AKT)/neutoblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (RAS) and β-catenin positive HCC models. Interestingly, blocking T cells, trained immunity, and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) function reverses BCG's anti-HCC effects. In conclusion, BCG emerges as a promising treatment option for HCC, characterized by a favorable safety profile and efficacy in inhibiting fibrosis, improving metabolism, and engaging both trained immunity and T cells in therapeutic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Resmi Ravindran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Dongguang Wei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
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Mitroulis I, Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T. Bone marrow inflammatory memory in cardiometabolic disease and inflammatory comorbidities. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 119:2801-2812. [PMID: 36655373 PMCID: PMC10874275 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disorders are chief causes of morbidity and mortality, with chronic inflammation playing a crucial role in their pathogenesis. The release of differentiated myeloid cells with elevated pro-inflammatory potential, as a result of maladaptively trained myelopoiesis may be a crucial factor for the perpetuation of inflammation. Several cardiovascular risk factors, including sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia, may modulate bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors, causing sustained functional changes that favour chronic metabolic and vascular inflammation. In the present review, we summarize recent studies that support the function of long-term inflammatory memory in progenitors of the bone marrow for the development and progression of cardiometabolic disease and related inflammatory comorbidities, including periodontitis and arthritis. We also discuss how maladaptive myelopoiesis associated with the presence of mutated hematopoietic clones, as present in clonal hematopoiesis, may accelerate atherosclerosis via increased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mitroulis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- First Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Haematology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Kleimann P, Irschfeld LM, Grandoch M, Flögel U, Temme S. Trained Innate Immunity in Animal Models of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2312. [PMID: 38396989 PMCID: PMC10889825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of immunological memory is an important evolutionary strategy that evolved to protect the host from repetitive challenges from infectious agents. It was believed for a long time that memory formation exclusively occurs in the adaptive part of the immune system with the formation of highly specific memory T cells and B cells. In the past 10-15 years, it has become clear that innate immune cells, such as monocytes, natural killer cells, or neutrophil granulocytes, also have the ability to generate some kind of memory. After the exposure of innate immune cells to certain stimuli, these cells develop an enhanced secondary response with increased cytokine secretion even after an encounter with an unrelated stimulus. This phenomenon has been termed trained innate immunity (TI) and is associated with epigenetic modifications (histone methylation, acetylation) and metabolic alterations (elevated glycolysis, lactate production). TI has been observed in tissue-resident or circulating immune cells but also in bone marrow progenitors. Risk-factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which are associated with low-grade inflammation, such as hyperglycemia, obesity, or high salt, can also induce TI with a profound impact on the development and progression of CVDs. In this review, we briefly describe basic mechanisms of TI and summarize animal studies which specifically focus on TI in the context of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kleimann
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.K.); (U.F.)
| | - Lisa-Marie Irschfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.K.); (U.F.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Liu D, Liang S, Ma K, Meng QF, Li X, Wei J, Zhou M, Yun K, Pan Y, Rao L, Chen X, Wang Z. Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Nanoparticles Amplifying STING Signaling Pathway for Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304845. [PMID: 37723642 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway and profoundly immunosuppressive microenvironment largely limits the effect of cancer immunotherapy. Herein, tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive nanoparticles (PMM NPs) are exploited that simultaneously harness STING and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to augment STING activation via TLR4-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway stimulation, leading to the increased secretion of type I interferons (i.e., 4.0-fold enhancement of IFN-β) and pro-inflammatory cytokines to promote a specific T cell immune response. Moreover, PMM NPs relieve the immunosuppression of the TME by decreasing the percentage of regulatory T cells, and polarizing M2 macrophages to the M1 type, thus creating an immune-supportive TME to unleash a cascade adaptive immune response. Combined with an anti-PD-1 antibody, synergistic efficacy is achieved in both inflamed colorectal cancer and noninflamed metastatic breast tumor models. Moreover, rechallenging tumor-free animals with homotypic cells induced complete tumor rejection, indicating the generation of systemic antitumor memory. These TME-responsive nanoparticles may open a new avenue to achieve the spatiotemporal orchestration of STING activation, providing a promising clinical candidate for next-generation cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kongshuo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qian-Fang Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Department of Interventional Radiography, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10050, China
| | - Mengli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kaiqing Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuanwei Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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Yuk JM, Kim JK, Kim IS, Jo EK. TNF in Human Tuberculosis: A Double-Edged Sword. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e4. [PMID: 38455468 PMCID: PMC10917576 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
TNF, a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine, is important for protective immunity and immunopathology during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, which causes tuberculosis (TB) in humans. TNF is produced primarily by phagocytes in the lungs during the early stages of Mtb infection and performs diverse physiological and pathological functions by binding to its receptors in a context-dependent manner. TNF is essential for granuloma formation, chronic infection prevention, and macrophage recruitment to and activation at the site of infection. In animal models, TNF, in cooperation with chemokines, contributes to the initiation, maintenance, and clearance of mycobacteria in granulomas. Although anti-TNF therapy is effective against immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, it carries the risk of reactivating TB. Furthermore, TNF-associated inflammation contributes to cachexia in patients with TB. This review focuses on the multifaceted role of TNF in the pathogenesis and prevention of TB and underscores the importance of investigating the functions of TNF and its receptors in the establishment of protective immunity against and in the pathology of TB. Such investigations will facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies that target TNF signaling, which makes beneficial and detrimental contributions to the pathogenesis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Yuk
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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Ahmed A, Tripathi H, van Meijgaarden KE, Kumar NC, Adiga V, Rakshit S, Parthiban C, Eveline J S, D’Souza G, Dias M, Ottenhoff TH, Netea MG, Joosten SA, Vyakarnam A. BCG revaccination in adults enhances pro-inflammatory markers of trained immunity along with anti-inflammatory pathways. iScience 2023; 26:107889. [PMID: 37817935 PMCID: PMC10561055 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study characterized mechanisms of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) revaccination-induced trained immunity (TI) in India. Adults, BCG vaccinated at birth, were sampled longitudinally before and after a second BCG dose. BCG revaccination significantly elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in HLA-DR+CD16-CD14hi monocytes, demonstrating induction of TI. Mycobacteria-specific CD4+ T cell interferon (IFN) γ, IL-2, and TNF-α were significantly higher in re-vaccinees and correlated positively with HLA-DR+CD16-CD14hi TI responses. This, however, did not translate into increased mycobacterial growth control, measured by mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA). Post revaccination, elevated secreted TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 to "heterologous" fungal, bacterial, and enhanced CXCL-10 and IFNα to viral stimuli were also observed concomitant with increased anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1RA. RNA sequencing after revaccination highlighted a BCG and LPS induced signature which included upregulated IL17 and TNF pathway genes and downregulated key inflammatory genes: CXCL11, CCL24, HLADRA, CTSS, CTSC. Our data highlight a balanced immune response comprising pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators to be a feature of BCG revaccination-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ahmed
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Himanshu Tripathi
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Nirutha Chetan Kumar
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, PES University, Bangalore, India
| | - Srabanti Rakshit
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Chaitra Parthiban
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Sharon Eveline J
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - George D’Souza
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Mary Dias
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Tom H.M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Annapurna Vyakarnam
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King’s College, London, UK
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9
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Raju Paul S, Scholzen A, Reeves PM, Shepard R, Hess JM, Dzeng RK, Korek S, Garritsen A, Poznansky MC, Sluder AE. Cytometry profiling of ex vivo recall responses to Coxiella burnetii in previously naturally exposed individuals reveals long-term changes in both adaptive and innate immune cellular compartments. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1249581. [PMID: 37885896 PMCID: PMC10598782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Q fever, caused by the intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii, is considered an occupational and biodefense hazard and can result in debilitating long-term complications. While natural infection and vaccination induce humoral and cellular immune responses, the exact nature of cellular immune responses to C. burnetii is incompletely understood. The current study seeks to investigate more deeply the nature of long-term cellular recall responses in naturally exposed individuals by both cytokine release assessment and cytometry profiling. Methods Individuals exposed during the 2007-2010 Dutch Q fever outbreak were grouped in 2015, based on a C. burnetii-specific IFNγ release assay (IGRA), serological status, and self-reported clinical symptoms during initial infection, into asymptomatic IGRA-negative/seronegative controls, and three IGRA-positive groups (seronegative/asymptomatic; seropositive/asymptomatic and seropositive/symptomatic). Recall responses following in vitro re-stimulation with heat-inactivated C. burnetii in whole blood, were assessed in 2016/2017 by cytokine release assays (n=55) and flow cytometry (n=36), and in blood mononuclear cells by mass cytometry (n=36). Results Cytokine release analysis showed significantly elevated IL-2 responses in all seropositive individuals and elevated IL-1β responses in those recovered from symptomatic infection. Comparative flow cytometry analysis revealed significantly increased IFNγ, TNFα and IL-2 recall responses by CD4 T cells and higher IL-6 production by monocytes from symptomatic, IGRA-positive/seropositive individuals compared to controls. Mass cytometry profiling and unsupervised clustering analysis confirmed recall responses in seropositive individuals by two activated CD4 T cell subsets, one characterized by a strong Th1 cytokine profile (IFNγ+IL-2+TNFα+), and identified C. burnetii-specific activation of CD8 T cells in all IGRA-positive groups. Remarkably, increased C. burnetii-specific responses in IGRA-positive individuals were also observed in three innate cell subpopulations: one characterized by an IFNγ+IL-2+TNFα+ Th1 cytokine profile and lack of canonical marker expression, and two IL-1β-, IL-6- and IL-8-producing CD14+ monocyte subsets that could be the drivers of elevated secretion of innate cytokines in pre-exposed individuals. Discussion These data highlight that there are long-term increased responses to C. burnetii in both adaptive and innate cellular compartments, the latter being indicative of trained immunity. These findings warrant future studies into the protective role of these innate responses and may inform future Q fever vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Raju Paul
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Patrick M. Reeves
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert Shepard
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joshua M. Hess
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Richard K. Dzeng
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Skylar Korek
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Mark C. Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ann E. Sluder
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Rook GAW. The old friends hypothesis: evolution, immunoregulation and essential microbial inputs. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1220481. [PMID: 37772259 PMCID: PMC10524266 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1220481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In wealthy urbanised societies there have been striking increases in chronic inflammatory disorders such as allergies, autoimmunity and inflammatory bowel diseases. There has also been an increase in the prevalence of individuals with systemically raised levels of inflammatory biomarkers correlating with increased risk of metabolic, cardiovascular and psychiatric problems. These changing disease patterns indicate a broad failure of the mechanisms that should stop the immune system from attacking harmless allergens, components of self or gut contents, and that should terminate inappropriate inflammation. The Old Friends Hypothesis postulates that this broad failure of immunoregulation is due to inadequate exposures to the microorganisms that drive development of the immune system, and drive the expansion of components such as regulatory T cells (Treg) that mediate immunoregulatory mechanisms. An evolutionary approach helps us to identify the organisms on which we are in a state of evolved dependence for this function (Old Friends). The bottom line is that most of the organisms that drive the regulatory arm of the immune system come from our mothers and family and from the natural environment (including animals) and many of these organisms are symbiotic components of a healthy microbiota. Lifestyle changes that are interrupting our exposure to these organisms can now be identified, and many are closely associated with low socioeconomic status (SES) in wealthy countries. These insights will facilitate the development of education, diets and urban planning that can correct the immunoregulatory deficit, while simultaneously reducing other contributory factors such as epithelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A. W. Rook
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infection, UCL (University College London), London, United Kingdom
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11
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Murphy DM, Cox DJ, Connolly SA, Breen EP, Brugman AA, Phelan JJ, Keane J, Basdeo SA. Trained immunity is induced in humans after immunization with an adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccine. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:162581. [PMID: 36282571 PMCID: PMC9843058 DOI: 10.1172/jci162581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHeterologous effects of vaccines are mediated by "trained immunity," whereby myeloid cells are metabolically and epigenetically reprogrammed, resulting in heightened responses to subsequent insults. Adenovirus vaccine vector has been reported to induce trained immunity in mice. Therefore, we sought to determine whether the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222), which uses an adenoviral vector, could induce trained immunity in vivo in humans.MethodsTen healthy volunteers donated blood on the day before receiving the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and on days 14, 56, and 83 after vaccination. Monocytes were purified from PBMCs, cell phenotype was determined by flow cytometry, expression of metabolic enzymes was quantified by RT-qPCR, and production of cytokines and chemokines in response to stimulation ex vivo was analyzed by multiplex ELISA.ResultsMonocyte frequency and count were increased in peripheral blood up to 3 months after vaccination compared with their own prevaccine controls. Expression of HLA-DR, CD40, and CD80 was enhanced on monocytes for up to 3 months following vaccination. Moreover, monocytes had increased expression of glycolysis-associated enzymes 2 months after vaccination. Upon stimulation ex vivo with unrelated antigens, monocytes produced increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, CXCL1, and MIP-1α and decreased TNF, compared with prevaccine controls. Resting monocytes produced more IFN-γ, IL-18, and MCP-1 up to 3 months after vaccination compared with prevaccine controls.ConclusionThese data provide evidence for the induction of trained immunity following a single dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine.FundingThis work was funded by the Health Research Board (EIA-2019-010) and Science Foundation Ireland Strategic Partnership Programme (proposal ID 20/SPP/3685).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donal J. Cox
- Tuberculosis Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, and
| | | | - Eamon P. Breen
- Core Facilities, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - James J. Phelan
- Tuberculosis Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, and
| | - Joseph Keane
- Tuberculosis Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, and
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12
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Do bacterial vaccines/adjuvants prevent wheezing episodes in children? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:380-386. [PMID: 36305468 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss recently discovered mechanisms of action of some bacterial vaccines that may account for their clinical benefit in the prevention of recurrent wheezing and asthma exacerbations in infants and early childhood. RECENT FINDINGS Trained immunity has been shown to confer innate immune cells with a quite long-term nonspecific protection against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Inducers of trained immunity include some bacterial vaccines. Trained immunity-based vaccines (TIbV) of bacterial origin have the capability to induce nonspecific responses to a variety of pathogens, including respiratory viruses, in addition to their nominal bacterial antigens. Clinical data, from epidemiological surveys to well designed randomized clinical trials, indicate that TIbV formulated with bacteria prevent respiratory tract infections of viral cause, such as those associated with recurrent wheezing or asthma exacerbation, in children. Administration of these vaccines by the mucosal route may be important for their outcome in respiratory infections. SUMMARY Mucosal bacterial immunotherapy, including certain TIbV, confer protection against a broad spectrum of pathogens, such as viruses, through a mechanism mediated by trained immunity. Clinical studies on the use of these preparations against recurrent wheezing reflect these mechanistic effects. These findings open a new avenue for the development of new strategies for this condition.
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13
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Rakshit S, Adiga V, Ahmed A, Parthiban C, Chetan Kumar N, Dwarkanath P, Shivalingaiah S, Rao S, D’Souza G, Dias M, Maguire TJA, Doores KJ, Zoodsma M, Geckin B, Dasgupta P, Babji S, van Meijgaarden KE, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff THM, Li Y, Netea MG, Stuart KD, De Rosa SC, McElrath MJ, Vyakarnam A. Evidence for the heterologous benefits of prior BCG vaccination on COVISHIELD™ vaccine-induced immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative young Indian adults. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985938. [PMID: 36268023 PMCID: PMC9577398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This proof-of-concept study tested if prior BCG revaccination can qualitatively and quantitively enhance antibody and T-cell responses induced by Oxford/AstraZeneca ChAdOx1nCoV-19 or COVISHIELD™, an efficacious and the most widely distributed vaccine in India. We compared COVISHIELD™ induced longitudinal immune responses in 21 BCG re-vaccinees (BCG-RV) and 13 BCG-non-revaccinees (BCG-NRV), all of whom were BCG vaccinated at birth; latent tuberculosis negative and SARS-CoV-2 seronegative prior to COVISHIELD™ vaccination. Compared to BCG-NRV, BCG-RV displayed significantly higher and persistent spike-specific neutralizing (n) Ab titers and polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells for eight months post COVISHIELD™ booster, including distinct CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD4+IFN-γ- effector memory (EM) subsets co-expressing IL-2, TNF-α and activation induced markers (AIM) CD154/CD137 as well as CD8+IFN-γ+ EM,TEMRA (T cell EM expressing RA) subset combinations co-expressing TNF-α and AIM CD137/CD69. Additionally, elevated nAb and T-cell responses to the Delta mutant in BCG-RV highlighted greater immune response breadth. Mechanistically, these BCG adjuvant effects were associated with elevated markers of trained immunity, including higher IL-1β and TNF-α expression in CD14+HLA-DR+monocytes and changes in chromatin accessibility highlighting BCG-induced epigenetic changes. This study provides first in-depth analysis of both antibody and memory T-cell responses induced by COVISHIELD™ in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative young adults in India with strong evidence of a BCG-induced booster effect and therefore a rational basis to validate BCG, a low-cost and globally available vaccine, as an adjuvant to enhance heterologous adaptive immune responses to current and emerging COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabanti Rakshit
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, PES University, Bangalore, India
| | - Asma Ahmed
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Chaitra Parthiban
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Nirutha Chetan Kumar
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Srishti Rao
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - George D’Souza
- Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Mary Dias
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Katie J. Doores
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Martijn Zoodsma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualized Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Busranur Geckin
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sudhir Babji
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Liver Renal Urology Transplant Gastro/Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inflammation Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simone A. Joosten
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualized Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Kenneth D. Stuart
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Centre for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Centre for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Annapurna Vyakarnam
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Annapurna Vyakarnam, ;
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14
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Expression of SOCS1 Protein in Endotoxin-Tolerant Mouse Model and Its Regulation Mechanism by mir-150. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:3241812. [PMID: 36101795 PMCID: PMC9462998 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3241812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the expression of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 (SOCS1) and its regulatory mechanism by mir-150 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerant mouse model of endotoxin, a total of 60 male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into 2 groups. The LPS is used to construct the endotoxin resistant mouse model and the mice are included in the model group (n = 30), 0.9% sodium chloride injection is used to construct the normal control group (n = 30). And tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is determined by Elisa to determine whether the model was successfully constructed. The correlation between SOCS1 protein and mir-150 is analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient. In the experiments, the results show that the expression of TNF-α in the macrophage fluid of the model group is significantly decreased (P < 0.05), indicating that the endotoxin tolerance mouse model is successfully constructed, so the secretion of TNF-α is reduced.
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15
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Bannister S, Kim B, Domínguez-Andrés J, Kilic G, Ansell BRE, Neeland MR, Moorlag SJCFM, Matzaraki V, Vlahos A, Shepherd R, Germano S, Bahlo M, Messina NL, Saffery R, Netea MG, Curtis N, Novakovic B. Neonatal BCG vaccination is associated with a long-term DNA methylation signature in circulating monocytes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn4002. [PMID: 35930640 PMCID: PMC9355358 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Trained immunity describes the capacity of innate immune cells to develop heterologous memory in response to certain exogenous exposures. This phenomenon mediates, at least in part, the beneficial off-target effects of the BCG vaccine. Using an in vitro model of trained immunity, we show that BCG exposure induces a persistent change in active histone modifications, DNA methylation, transcription, and adenosine-to-inosine RNA modification in human monocytes. By profiling DNA methylation of circulating monocytes from infants in the MIS BAIR clinical trial, we identify a BCG-associated DNA methylation signature that persisted more than 12 months after neonatal BCG vaccination. Genes associated with this epigenetic signature are involved in viral response pathways, consistent with the reported off-target protection against viral infections in neonates, adults, and the elderly. Our findings indicate that the off-target effects of BCG in infants are accompanied by epigenetic remodeling of circulating monocytes that lasts more than 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bannister
- Infectious Diseases, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bowon Kim
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gizem Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Brendan R. E. Ansell
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie R. Neeland
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone J. C. F. M. Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Amanda Vlahos
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Shepherd
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Susie Germano
- Infectious Diseases, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole L. Messina
- Infectious Diseases, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department for Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Science Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infectious Diseases, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Corresponding author. (B.N.); (N.C.)
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Corresponding author. (B.N.); (N.C.)
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16
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Lee A, Wimmers F, Pulendran B. Epigenetic adjuvants: durable reprogramming of the innate immune system with adjuvants. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 77:102189. [PMID: 35588691 PMCID: PMC9924100 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Development of effective vaccines is a critical global health priority. Stimulating antigen-specific B and T cells to elicit long-lasting protection remains the central paradigm of vaccinology. Adjuvants are components that enhance vaccine immunogenicity by targeting specific innate immune receptors and pathways. Recent data highlight the capacity of adjuvants to induce durable epigenetic reprogramming of the innate immune system to engender heightened resistance against pathogens. This raises the prospect of developing epigenetic adjuvants that, in addition to stimulating robust T and B cell responses, convey broad protection against diverse pathogens by training the innate immune system. In this review, we discuss our emerging understanding of the various vaccines and adjuvants and their effects on durable reprogramming of the innate immune response, their putative mechanisms of action, and the promise and challenges of developing epigenetic adjuvants as a universal vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Lee
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Florian Wimmers
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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17
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Piacentini L, Vavassori C, Colombo GI. Trained Immunity in Perivascular Adipose Tissue of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm—A Novel Concept for a Still Elusive Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886086. [PMID: 35693946 PMCID: PMC9174671 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic, life-threatening vascular disease whose only therapeutic option is a surgical repair to prevent vessel rupture. The lack of medical therapy results from an inadequate understanding of the etiopathogenesis of AAA. Many studies in animal and human models indicate a ‘short-circuiting’ of the regulation of the inflammatory-immune response as a major player in the AAA chronic process. In this regard, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has received increasing interest because its dysfunction affects large arteries primarily through immune cell infiltration. Consistently, we have recently produced evidence that innate and adaptive immune cells present in the PVAT of AAAs contribute to sustaining a damaging inflammatory loop. However, it is still unclear how the complex crosstalk between adaptive and innate immunity can be self-sustaining. From our perspective, trained immunity may play a role in this crosstalk. Trained immunity is defined as a form of innate immune memory resulting in enhanced responsiveness to repeated triggers. Specific innate stimuli and epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming events induce and shape trained immunity in myeloid progenitor cells improving host defense, but also contributing to the progression of immune-mediated and chronic inflammatory diseases. Here we present this hypothesis with data from the literature and our observations to support it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Piacentini
- Immunology and Functional Genomics Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
- Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luca Piacentini, ; Gualtiero I. Colombo,
| | - Chiara Vavassori
- Immunology and Functional Genomics Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gualtiero I. Colombo
- Immunology and Functional Genomics Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luca Piacentini, ; Gualtiero I. Colombo,
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18
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Aïdoud A, Gana W, Poitau F, Fougère B, Angoulvant D. Does the influenza A vaccine have a direct atheroprotective effect? Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 115:331-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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19
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Setiabudiawan TP, Reurink RK, Hill PC, Netea MG, van Crevel R, Koeken VACM. Protection against tuberculosis by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination: A historical perspective. MED 2022; 3:6-24. [PMID: 35590145 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was developed exactly 100 years ago, and it is still the only licensed tuberculosis (TB) vaccine and the most frequently administered of all vaccines worldwide. Despite universal vaccination policies in TB-endemic settings, the burden of TB remains high. Although BCG protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and TB disease, the level of protection varies greatly between age groups and settings. In this review, we present a historical perspective and describe the evidence for BCG's ability to protect against TB as well as the factors that influence protection. We also present the immunological mechanisms through which BCG vaccination induces protection, focusing on T cell, B cell, and innate immunity. Finally, we discuss several possibilities to boost BCG's efficacy, including alternative vaccination routes, BCG revaccination, and use of recombinant BCG vaccines, and describe the knowledge gaps that exist with respect to BCG's protection against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todia P Setiabudiawan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Gelderland 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Remi K Reurink
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Gelderland 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Philip C Hill
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, North Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Gelderland 6525 GA, the Netherlands; Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Județul Dolj 200349, Romania
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Gelderland 6525 GA, the Netherlands; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Valerie A C M Koeken
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Gelderland 6525 GA, the Netherlands; Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany; TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany.
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20
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Zavala F, Nombela-Arrieta C, Ben Nasr M, Fiorina P. Editorial: The Role of Hematopoietic Progenitors in Immune Regulation and Memory. Front Immunol 2021; 12:789139. [PMID: 34868075 PMCID: PMC8633563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.789139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Zavala
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - César Nombela-Arrieta
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moufida Ben Nasr
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Endocrinology, Territorial Healthcare Company Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
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