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Vena W, Pigni S, Betella N, Navarra A, Mirani M, Mazziotti G, Lania AG, Bossi AC. COVID-19 vaccines and blood glucose control: Friend or foe? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2363068. [PMID: 38860457 PMCID: PMC11178329 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2363068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To overview the recent literature regarding the relationship between COVID-19 vaccines and glycemic control. METHODS Data were extracted from text and tables of all available articles published up to September 2023 in PubMed Database describing glucose homeostasis data in subjects exposed to COVID-19 vaccines, focusing on patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). RESULTS It is debated if the immune system impairment observed in diabetic patients makes them susceptible to lower efficacy of vaccines, but evidence suggests a possible improvement in immune response in those with good glycemic control. Despite their proven protective role lowering infection rates and disease severity, COVID-19 vaccines can result in diabetic ketoacidosis, new-onset diabetes, or episodes of hyper- or hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS Evidence with COVID-19 vaccines highlights the strong relationship existing between DM and immune system function. Clinicians should strive to achieve optimal glucose control before vaccination and promptly manage possible glucose homeostasis derangement following vaccine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Vena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Diabetes Center, Humanitas Gavazzeni Institute, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Stella Pigni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Mirani
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Gherardo Mazziotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andrea G. Lania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
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2
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Yang L, Zeng T, Li Y, Guo Q, Jiang D. Poor immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with hypertension. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1329607. [PMID: 38756945 PMCID: PMC11096495 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1329607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The safety and efficacy of vaccination in people with hypertension (HTN) is important. There are currently a few data on the immunogenicity and safety of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in hypertension patients. Methods After receiving a two-dose immunization, 94 hypertension adult patients and 74 healthy controls (HCs) in this study, the evaluation included looking at antibodies (Abs) against receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), RBD-specific B cells, and memory B cells (MBCs). Results There was no discernible difference in the overall adverse events (AEs) over the course of 7 or 30 days between HTN patients and HCs. HTN patients had lower frequencies of RBD-specific memory B cells and the seropositivity rates and titers of Abs compared with HCs (all, p < 0.05). HTN patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions (CCVD) have lower titers of CoV-2 NAb than in HCs. The titers of both Abs in HTN declined gradually over time. Conclusion Inactivated COVID-19 vaccinations were safe in hypertension patients; however humoral immune was limited, especially merged CCVD and declined gradually over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - TingTing Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Guo
- Department of General and Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - DePeng Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Yuan S, He W, Liu B, Liu Z. Research Progress on the Weak Immune Response to the COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:79-88. [PMID: 38498797 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is generally susceptible to the population, highly infectious, rapidly transmitted, and highly fatal. There is a lack of specific drugs against the virus at present and vaccination is the most effective strategy to prevent infection. However, studies have found that some groups, particularly patients with diabetes, show varying degrees of weak immune reactivity to various COVID-19 vaccines, resulting in poor preventive efficacy against the novel coronavirus in patients with diabetes. Therefore, in this study, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had weak immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine in recent years were analyzed. This article reviews the phenomenon, preliminary mechanism, and related factors affecting weak vaccine response in patients with T2DM, which is expected to help in the development of new vaccines for high-risk groups for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wenwen He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhuoran Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Molnár GA, Vokó Z, Sütő G, Rokszin G, Nagy D, Surján G, Surján O, Nagy P, Kenessey I, Wéber A, Pálosi M, Müller C, Kásler M, Wittmann I, Kiss Z. Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 primary vaccines and boosters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Hungary (HUN-VE 4 Study). BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2024; 12:e003777. [PMID: 38267204 PMCID: PMC10823926 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection and is associated with increased risk of complications. The present study aimed to investigate effectiveness and persistence of different COVID vaccines in persons with or without diabetes during the Delta wave in Hungary. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data sources were the national COVID-19 registry data from the National Public Health Center and the National Health Insurance Fund on the total Hungarian population. The adjusted incidence rate ratios and corresponding 95% CIs were derived from a mixed-effect negative binomial regression model. RESULTS A population of 672 240 cases with type 2 diabetes and a control group of 2 974 102 non-diabetic persons free from chronic diseases participated. Unvaccinated elderly persons with diabetes had 2.68 (95% CI 2.47 to 2.91) times higher COVID-19-related mortality rate as the 'healthy' controls. Primary immunization effectively equalized the risk of COVID-19 mortality between the two groups. Vaccine effectiveness declined over time, but the booster restored the effectiveness against mortality to over 90%. The adjusted vaccine effectiveness of the primary Pfizer-BioNTech against infection in the 14-120 days of postvaccination period was 71.6 (95% CI 66.3 to 76.1)% in patients aged 65-100 years with type 2 diabetes and 64.52 (95% CI 59.2 to 69.2)% in the controls. Overall, the effectiveness tended to be higher in individuals with diabetes than in controls. The booster vaccines could restore vaccine effectiveness to over 80% concerning risk of infection (eg, patients with diabetes aged 65-100 years: 89.1 (88.1-89.9)% with Pfizer-on-Pfizer, controls 65-100 years old: 86.9 (85.8-88.0)% with Pfizer-on-Pfizer, or patients with diabetes aged 65-100 years: 88.3 (87.2-89.2)% with Pfizer-on-Sinopharm, controls 65-100 years old: 87.8 (86.8-88.7)% with Pfizer-on-Sinopharm). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that people with type 2 diabetes may have even higher health gain when getting vaccinated as compared with non-diabetic persons, eliminating the marked, COVID-19-related excess risk of this population. Boosters could restore protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő A Molnár
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Vokó
- Center for Health Technology Assessment, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Sütő
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Dávid Nagy
- Center for Health Technology Assessment, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Surján
- Institute of Digital Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Surján
- National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Oncochemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Kenessey
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Wéber
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Cecília Müller
- National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Kásler
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Central-Eastern European Academy of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Wittmann
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kiss
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
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Pantea Stoian A, Bica IC, Salmen T, Al Mahmeed W, Al-Rasadi K, Al-Alawi K, Banach M, Banerjee Y, Ceriello A, Cesur M, Cosentino F, Firenze A, Galia M, Goh SY, Janez A, Kalra S, Kapoor N, Kempler P, Lessan N, Lotufo P, Mikhailidis DP, Nibali L, Papanas N, Powell-Wiley T, Rizvi AA, Sahebkar A, Santos RD, Toth PP, Viswanathan V, Rizzo M. New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in COVID-19: A Scoping Review. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:33-60. [PMID: 37751143 PMCID: PMC10786767 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic became superimposed on the pre-existing obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) pandemics. Since COVID-19 infection alters the metabolic equilibrium, it may induce pathophysiologic mechanisms that potentiate new-onset DM, and we evaluated this issue. METHOD A systematic review of the literature published from the 1 January 2020 until the 20 July 2023 was performed (PROSPERO registration number CRD42022341638). We included only full-text articles of both human clinical and randomized controlled trials published in English and enrolling adults (age > 18 years old) with ongoing or preceding COVID-19 in whom hyperglycemia was detected. The search was based on the following criteria: "(new-onset diabetes mellitus OR new-onset DM) AND (COVID-19) AND adults". RESULTS Articles on MEDLINE (n = 70) and the Web of Science database (n = 16) were included and analyzed by two researchers who selected 20 relevant articles. We found evidence of a bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and DM. CONCLUSIONS This link operates as a pathophysiological mechanism supported by epidemiological data and also by the clinical and biological findings obtained from the affected individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic raised the incidence of DM through different pathophysiological and psychosocial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Pantea Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana-Cristina Bica
- Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Teodor Salmen
- Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Wael Al Mahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kamila Al-Alawi
- Department of Training and Studies, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Yajnavalka Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mustafa Cesur
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Ankara Güven Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Firenze
- Unit of Research and International Cooperation, University Hospital of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Galia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bind), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Su-Yen Goh
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital and Bride, Karnal, India
| | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Kempler
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nader Lessan
- The Research Institute, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Paulo Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Dental Institute, Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Center, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Tiffany Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ali A Rizvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sci-Ences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raul D Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter P Toth
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medi-Cine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMise), School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Zhou X, Lu H, Sang M, Qiu S, Yuan Y, Wu T, Chen J, Sun Z. Impaired antibody response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2184754. [PMID: 36864628 PMCID: PMC10026888 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2184754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Data on the antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines in T2D patients are less studied. This study aimed to evaluate IgG antibody response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in hospitalized T2D patients. Hospitalized patients with no history of COVID-19 and received two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines (Sinopharm or CoronaVac) were included in this study from March to October 2021. SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies were measured 14-60 days after the second vaccine dose. A total of 209 participants, 96 with T2D and 113 non-diabetes patients, were included. The positive rate and median titer of IgG antibody against receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD) of spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 in T2D group were lower than in control group (67.7% vs 83.2%, p = .009; 12.93 vs 17.42 AU/ml, p = .014) respectively. Similarly, seropositivity and median titers of IgG antibody against the nucleocapsid (N) and S proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (anti-N/S) in T2D group were lower than in control group (68.8% vs 83.2%, p = .032; 18.81 vs 29.57 AU/mL, p = .012) respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, vaccine type, days after the second vaccine dose, hypertension, kidney disease, and heart disease, T2D was identified as an independent risk factor for negative anti-RBD and anti-N/S seropositivity, odd ratio 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.19, 0.89) and 0.42 (95% CI 0.20, 0.91), respectively. T2D is associated with impaired antibody response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixia Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Sang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanhu Qiu
- Department of General Practice, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongzhi Wu
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Junhao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Berry AA, Tjaden AH, Renteria J, Friedman-Klabanoff D, Hinkelman AN, Gibbs MA, Ahmed A, Runyon MS, Schieffelin J, Santos RP, Oberhelman R, Bott M, Correa A, Edelstein SL, Uschner D, Wierzba TF. Persistence of antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccines among participants in the COVID-19 Community Research Partnership. Vaccine X 2023; 15:100371. [PMID: 37649617 PMCID: PMC10462856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction High levels of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the community correlate with protection from COVID-19 illness. Measuring COVID-19 antibody seroprevalence and persistence may elucidate the level and length of protection afforded by vaccination and infection within a population. Methods We measured the duration of detectable anti-spike antibodies following COVID-19 vaccination in a multistate, longitudinal cohort study of almost 13,000 adults who completed daily surveys and submitted monthly dried blood spots collected at home. Results Overall, anti-spike antibodies persisted up to 284 days of follow-up with seroreversion occurring in only 2.4% of the study population. In adjusted analyses, risk of seroreversion increased with age (adults aged 55-64: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.19 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22, 3.92] and adults aged > 65: aHR 3.59 [95% CI: 2.07, 6.20] compared to adults aged 18-39). Adults with diabetes had a higher risk of seroreversion versus nondiabetics (aHR 1.77 [95% CI: 1.29, 2.44]). Decreased risk of seroreversion was shown for non-Hispanic Black versus non-Hispanic White (aHR 0.32 [95% CI: 0.13, 0.79]); college degree earners versus no college degree (aHR 0.61 [95% CI: 0.46, 0.81]); and those who received Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine versus Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 (aHR 0.35 [95% CI: 0.26, 0.47]). An interaction between healthcare worker occupation and sex was detected, with seroreversion increased among male, non-healthcare workers. Conclusion We established that a remote, longitudinal, multi-site study can reliably detect antibody durability following COVID-19 vaccination. The survey platform and measurement of antibody response using at-home collection at convenient intervals allowed us to explore sociodemographic factors and comorbidities and identify predictors of antibody persistence, which has been demonstrated to correlate with protection against disease. Our findings may help inform public health interventions and policies to protect those at highest risk for severe illness and assist in determining the optimal timing of booster doses.Clinical trials registry: NCT04342884.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A. Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashley H. Tjaden
- The Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jone Renteria
- The Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - DeAnna Friedman-Klabanoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy N. Hinkelman
- Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - John Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Richard Oberhelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew Bott
- The Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Sharon L. Edelstein
- The Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Diane Uschner
- The Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Thomas F. Wierzba
- Section on Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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Li H, Wang Y, Li X, Wang S, Feng X, Xiao X, Li Y. Antibody response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after the booster immunization. J Diabetes 2023; 15:931-943. [PMID: 37518861 PMCID: PMC10667667 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunogenicity of booster inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has remained unclear. Our study aims to investigate the antibody response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine following booster vaccination in patients with T2DM. METHODS A total of 201 patients with T2DM and 102 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. The levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG, neutralizing antibody (NAb) toward SARS-CoV-2 wild type (WT), and NAb toward SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 subvariant were measured to evaluate the vaccine-induced immunological responses. RESULTS The titers of anti-RBD-specific IgG (p = 0.018) and inhibition rates of NAb toward WT (p = 0.007) were significantly decreased in patients with T2DM compared to HCs after booster vaccination for more than 6 months. Both HCs and patients with T2DM showed poor resistance against BA.4/5 due to the detected inhibition rates being lower than the positive threshold. The levels of anti-RBD-specific IgG were positively associated with the proportions of CD3+ CD4- CD8- T cells (p = 0.045), and patients with T2DM who had anti-RBD-specific IgG positivity showed higher proportions of CD3+ CD4- CD8- T cells compared to those negative (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Patients with T2DM showed impaired antibody responses after booster vaccination for more than 6 months. Decreased anti-BA.4/5 responses give rise to the possibility of breakthrough infections for both patients with T2DM and HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xinxin Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of EndocrinologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Karl T, Schuster A, Stangassinger LM, Stiboller T, Cadamuro J, Oostingh GJ. Factors Affecting SARS-CoV-2 IgG Production after Vaccination and/or Disease: A Large-Scale Seroprevalence Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1615. [PMID: 37897017 PMCID: PMC10611123 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at identifying factors influencing SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody levels after vaccination and/or infection. Between January 2022 and March 2023, 2000 adults (≥18 years, Salzburg, Austria) participated in this population-based seroprevalence study by providing 3 mL of blood to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies using an anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG quantitative assay and by completing a self-designed questionnaire including anthropometric factors, vaccination information, and medical history. For 77 of the participants, a time-course study up to 24 weeks post vaccination or quarantine end was performed. Convalescent-only subjects had the lowest median antibody titer (65.6 BAU/mL) compared to vaccinated and hybrid immunized subjects (p-value < 0.0001) The type of vaccine as well as vaccine combinations significantly influenced the levels of SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein-specific IgG, ranging from a median antibody level of 770.5 BAU/mL in subjects who were vaccinated only to 3020.0 BAU/mL in hybrid immunized subjects (p-value < 0.0001). Over time, a significant decline in the levels of neutralizing antibodies was found. Depending on the subpopulation analyzed, further significant influencing factors included sex assigned at birth, disease severity, chronic diseases, and medication. A hybrid immunization resulted in more robust immune responses. Nevertheless, there were multiple other factors impacting these responses. This knowledge should be included in future vaccination strategies and serve as a guide in the development of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Karl
- Department of Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, 5412 Puch/Salzburg, Austria; (A.S.); (L.M.S.); (T.S.); (G.J.O.)
- Research Program of Medical Sciences, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anja Schuster
- Department of Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, 5412 Puch/Salzburg, Austria; (A.S.); (L.M.S.); (T.S.); (G.J.O.)
| | - Lea Maria Stangassinger
- Department of Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, 5412 Puch/Salzburg, Austria; (A.S.); (L.M.S.); (T.S.); (G.J.O.)
| | - Tanja Stiboller
- Department of Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, 5412 Puch/Salzburg, Austria; (A.S.); (L.M.S.); (T.S.); (G.J.O.)
| | - Janne Cadamuro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Gertie Janneke Oostingh
- Department of Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, 5412 Puch/Salzburg, Austria; (A.S.); (L.M.S.); (T.S.); (G.J.O.)
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10
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Hataul IAH, Soetedjo NNM, Debora J, Tiara MR, Djauhari H, Susandi E, Alisjahbana B, Wisaksana R, Permana H. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Level Is Associated with a History of COVID-19 Infection and mRNA Vaccination in Patients with Diabetes. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1424. [PMID: 37766101 PMCID: PMC10536458 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with higher severity and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Vaccination has been encouraged to boost immunity and prevent these unfortunate outcomes. Few studies have evaluated antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with T2DM. Therefore, we examined the vaccination status and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels to identify the factors that affect the antibody levels in patients with T2DM. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital and Bandung Kiwari Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, between October and November 2022. Adult participants with and without T2DM were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using a point-of-care quantitative immunochromatographic assay. We enrolled 289 participants: 201 participants with T2DM and 88 participants without T2DM. The T2DM participants had a lower vaccination rate compared with the non-T2DM participants. However, no significant differences in antibody levels were observed between the two groups. Higher antibody levels among the T2DM participants were associated with mRNA vaccination and a history of COVID-19 illness. The lower antibody response observed among the T2DM participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease suggests that such patients may need antibody level measurement and an additional booster vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Is Asma'ul Haq Hataul
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon 97233, Indonesia
| | - Nanny Natalia M Soetedjo
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Josephine Debora
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Marita Restie Tiara
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Diseases (RC3ID), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Hofiya Djauhari
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Diseases (RC3ID), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Evan Susandi
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Bachti Alisjahbana
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Diseases (RC3ID), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Wisaksana
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Diseases (RC3ID), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Hikmat Permana
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
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11
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Ashrafian F, Bagheri Amiri F, Bavand A, Zali M, Sadat Larijani M, Ramezani A. A Comparative Study of Immunogenicity, Antibody Persistence, and Safety of Three Different COVID-19 Boosters between Individuals with Comorbidities and the Normal Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1376. [PMID: 37631944 PMCID: PMC10459403 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on immunogenicity, immune response persistency, and safety of COVID-19 boosters in patients with comorbidities are limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate three different boosters' immunogenicity and safety in individuals with at least one underlying disease (UD) (obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus) with healthy ones (HC) who were primed with two doses of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine and received a booster shot of the same priming vaccine or protein subunit vaccines, PastoCovac Plus or PastoCovac. One hundred and forty subjects including sixty-three ones with a comorbidity and seventy-seven healthy ones were enrolled. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was assessed before the booster injection and 28, 60, 90, and 180 days after it. Moreover, the adverse events (AEs) were recorded on days 7 and 21 postbooster shot for evaluating safety outcomes. Significantly increased titers of antispike, antiRBD, and neutralizing antibodies were observed in both UD and HC groups 28 days after the booster dose. Nevertheless, the titer of antispike IgG and anti-RBD IgG was lower in the UD group compared to the HC group. The long-term assessment regarding persistence of humoral immune responses showed that the induced antibodies were detectable up to 180 days postbooster shots though with a declined titer in both groups with no significant differences (p > 0.05). Furthermore, no significant difference in antibody levels was observed between each UD subgroup and the HC group, except for neutralizing antibodies in the hypertension subgroup. PastoCovac Plus and PastoCovac boosters induced a higher fold rise in antibodies in UD individuals than BBIBP-CorV booster recipients. No serious AEs after the booster injection were recorded. The overall incidence of AEs after the booster injection was higher in the UD group than the HC group among whom the highest systemic rate of AEs was seen in the BBIBP-CorV booster recipients. In conclusion, administration of COVID-19 boosters could similarly induce robust and persistent humoral immune responses in individuals with or without UD primarily vaccinated with two doses of the BBIBP-CorV. Protein-based boosters with higher a higher fold rise in antibodies and lower AEs in individuals with comorbidities might be considered a better choice for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ashrafian
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran; (F.A.); (A.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Fahimeh Bagheri Amiri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran;
| | - Anahita Bavand
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran; (F.A.); (A.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mahsan Zali
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran; (F.A.); (A.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mona Sadat Larijani
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran; (F.A.); (A.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Amitis Ramezani
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran; (F.A.); (A.B.); (M.Z.)
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12
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Sirisreetreerux S, Porntharukchareon T, Dechates B, Rangsrisaeneepitak V, Therawit P, Worawitchawong S, Sornsamdang G, Soonklang K, Tawinprai K. Dynamics of anti-RBD (anti-receptor binding domain) levels in diabetes patients following the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) in the Thai population. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11798. [PMID: 37479776 PMCID: PMC10361991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) was used in Thailand during the early outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A previous study showed a low immune response in diabetes patients after the first dose of the AZD1222 vaccine. Furthermore, humoral immune responses after the second vaccination were inconsistent. This study evaluated the immunogenicity following the first and second doses of the AZD1222 vaccine in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with the general population of Thailand. This was a prospective, single-center cohort study. 59 adults with T2D and 118 age- and sex-matched healthcare personnel were eligible. The participants received two doses of AZD1222 12 weeks apart. Antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, using an automated electrochemiluminesence immunoassay (ECLIA), were measured at baseline, 8 and 12 weeks after the first dose of vaccine, and 4 weeks after the second dose of vaccine. The anti-RBD levels were reported as the geometric mean concentration (GMC) and compared between groups using the geometric mean ratio (GMR). A total of 177 participants were included: The average age of 59 T2D patients was 60.1 years (SD: 11.4), and 31 (52.5%) of them were female. The GMC of anti-RBD 8 and 12 weeks after the first vaccination were significantly lower in T2D (week 8 60; 17.05 BAU/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] 11.1-26.19, P = 0.035, week 12; 24.68 BAU/mL, 95% CI 16.4-37.0, P = 0.002) than in those without diabetes (week 8; 29.79 BAU/mL, 95% CI 22.07-40.42, week 12; 50.67 BAU/mL, 95% CI 40.62-63.20). However, there was no difference in the GMC of anti-RBD 4 weeks after the second vaccination among groups (T2D; 687.95 BAU/mL, 95% CI 462.7-1022.7, Normal; 697.95 BAU/mL, 95% CI 583.7-834.5, P = 0.947). In both groups, the GMC of anti-RBD was persistently high without decline 12 weeks after the first vaccination. Albuminuria was a major factor related to low humoral immune responses in T2D patients after the second dose of AZD122 vaccine (the GMR was 0.29, 95% CI 0.08-0.98, P = 0.047) whereas the HbA1C level and age were not. Immunogenicity in T2D cases was lower than in the normal population after the first dose of the AZD1222 vaccine. The two doses of AZD122 vaccine induced immunity in T2D equal to that of normal individuals in Thailand. People with diabetes should be boosted as soon as possible to induce adequate immunity to prevent COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supamas Sirisreetreerux
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.
| | - Thachanun Porntharukchareon
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Bothamai Dechates
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Vimonsri Rangsrisaeneepitak
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Burapha Hospital, Saen Suk, Mueang Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Phonthip Therawit
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Supanat Worawitchawong
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Gaidganok Sornsamdang
- Central Laboratory Center, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Soonklang
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn 60th Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Kriangkrai Tawinprai
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
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13
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Warpechowski J, Leszczyńska P, Juchnicka D, Olichwier A, Szczerbiński Ł, Krętowski AJ. Assessment of the Immune Response in Patients with Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Diabetes to COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1203. [PMID: 37515018 PMCID: PMC10383449 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-19 pandemic overwhelmed multiple healthcare systems across the world. Patients with underlying medical conditions such as obesity or diabetes were particularly vulnerable, had more severe symptoms, and were more frequently hospitalized. To date, there have been many studies on the severity of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with metabolic disorders, but data on the efficiency of vaccines against COVID-19 are still limited. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in individuals with diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity. A comparison is made between the immune response after vaccination in patients with and without metabolic comorbidities. Additionally, an attempt is made to highlight the mechanisms of immune stimulation affected by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and how metabolic comorbidities modulate these mechanisms. The focus is on the most common COVID-19 vaccines, which include mRNA vaccines such as Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, as well as viral vector vaccines such as AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson. Furthermore, an effort is made to clarify how the functional differences between these vaccines may impact the response in individuals with metabolic disorders, drawing from available experimental data. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the post-vaccination response to COVID-19 in the context of metabolic comorbidities such as diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej Warpechowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paula Leszczyńska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dominika Juchnicka
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Olichwier
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Łukasz Szczerbiński
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
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14
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Emeksiz HC, Hepokur MN, Şahin SE, Şirvan BN, Çiçek B, Önder A, Yıldız M, Aksakal DK, Bideci A, Ovalı HF, İşman F. Immunogenicity, safety and clinical outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1191706. [PMID: 37435175 PMCID: PMC10331611 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1191706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The mRNA-based BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine has been shown to elicit robust systemic immune response and confer substantial protection against the severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with a favorable safety profile in adolescents. However, no data exist regarding immunogenicity, reactogenicity and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 vaccines in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this prospective observational cohort study, we examined the humoral immune responses and side effects induced by the BNT162b2 vaccine, as well as, the rate and symptomatology of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections after completion of dual-dose BNT162b2 vaccination in adolescents with T1D and compared their data with those of healthy control adolescents. The new data obtained after the vaccination of adolescents with T1D could guide their further COVID-19 vaccination schedule. Methods A total of 132 adolescents with T1D and 71 controls were enrolled in the study, of whom 81 COVID-19 infection-naive adolescents with T1D (patient group) and 40 COVID-19 infection-naive controls (control group) were eligible for the final analysis. The response of participants to the BNT162b2 vaccine was assessed by measuring their serum IgG antibodies to the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 4-6 weeks after the receipt of first and second vaccine doses. Data about the adverse events of the vaccine was collected after the receipt of each vaccine dose. The rate of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections was evaluated in the 6-month period following second vaccination. Results After vaccinations, adolescents with T1D and controls exhibited similar, highly robust increments in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers. All the participants in the patient and control groups developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers over 1,050 AU/ml after the second vaccine dose which is associated with a neutralizing effect. None of the participants experienced severe adverse events. The rate of breakthrough infections in the patient group was similar to that in the control group. Clinical symptomatology was mild in all cases. Conclusion Our findings suggest that two-dose BNT162b2 vaccine administered to adolescents with T1D elicits robust humoral immune response, with a favorable safety profile and can provide protection against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection similar to that in healthy adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Cihan Emeksiz
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Professor Doctor Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Merve Nur Hepokur
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Professor Doctor Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sibel Ergin Şahin
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Professor Doctor Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Banu Nursoy Şirvan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Professor Doctor Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Burçin Çiçek
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Professor Doctor Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Aşan Önder
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Professor Doctor Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Metin Yıldız
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Professor Doctor Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Derya Karaman Aksakal
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Professor Doctor Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Aysun Bideci
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Hüsnü Fahri Ovalı
- Department of Pediatrics, Professor Doctor Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ferruh İşman
- Department of Biochemistry, Professor Doctor Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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15
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He YF, Ouyang J, Hu XD, Wu N, Jiang ZG, Bian N, Wang J. Correlation between COVID-19 vaccination and diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:892-918. [PMID: 37383586 PMCID: PMC10294060 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the current global public health threats and vaccination is the most effective tool to reduce the spread and decrease the severity of COVID-19. Diabetes is one of the important chronic diseases threatening human health and is a common comorbidity of COVID-19. What is the impact of diabetes on the immunization effect of COVID-19 vaccination? Conversely, does vaccination against COVID-19 exacerbate the severity of pre-existing diseases in patients with diabetes? There are limited and conflicting data on the interrelationship between diabetes and COVID-19 vaccination.
AIM To explore the clinical factors and possible mechanisms underlying the interaction between COVID-19 vaccination and diabetes.
METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Reference Citation Analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com) online databases, and medRxiv and bioRxiv gray literature using the keywords "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID-19", "vaccine", "vaccination", "antibody", and "diabetes" individually or in combination, with a cut-off date of December 2, 2022. We followed inclusion and exclusion criteria and after excluding duplicate publications, studies with quantifiable evidence were included in the full-text review, plus three manually searched publications, resulting in 54 studies being included in this review.
RESULTS A total of 54 studies were included, from 17 countries. There were no randomized controlled studies. The largest sample size was 350963. The youngest of the included samples was 5 years old and the oldest was 98 years old. The included population included the general population and also some special populations with pediatric diabetes, hemodialysis, solid organ transplantation, and autoimmune diseases. The earliest study began in November 2020. Thirty studies discussed the effect of diabetes on vaccination, with the majority indicating that diabetes reduces the response to COVID-19 vaccination. The other 24 studies were on the effect of vaccination on diabetes, which included 18 case reports/series. Most of the studies concluded that COVID-19 vaccination had a risk of causing elevated blood glucose. A total of 12 of the 54 included studies indicated a "no effect" relationship between diabetes and vaccination.
CONCLUSION There is a complex relationship between vaccination and diabetes with a bidirectional effect. Vaccination may contribute to the risk of worsening blood glucose in diabetic patients and diabetic patients may have a lower antibody response after vaccination than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei He
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Casualty Management Section, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ni Wu
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ning Bian
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
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16
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D'Souza F, Buzzetti R, Pozzilli P. Diabetes, COVID-19, and questions unsolved. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023:e3666. [PMID: 37209039 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests a role for Diabetes Mellitus in adverse outcomes from COVID-19 infection; yet the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Moreover, attention has turned to prophylactic vaccination to protect the population from COVID-19-related illness and mortality. We performed a comprehensive peer-reviewed literature search on an array of key terms concerning diabetes and COVID-19 seeking to address the following questions: 1. What role does diabetes play as an accelerator for adverse outcomes in COVID-19?; 2. What mechanisms underlie the differences in outcomes seen in people with diabetes?; 3. Are vaccines against COVID-19 efficacious in people with diabetes? The current literature demonstrates that diabetes is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19 infection, and post-COVID sequelae. Potential mechanisms include dysregulation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2, Furin, CD147, and impaired immune cell responses. Hyperglycaemia is a key exacerbator of these mechanisms. Limited studies are available on COVID-19 vaccination in people with diabetes; however, the current literature suggests that vaccination is protective against adverse outcomes for this population. In summary, people with diabetes are a high-risk group that should be prioritised in vaccination efforts. Glycaemic optimisation is paramount to protecting this group from COVID-19-associated risk. Unsolved questions remain as to the molecular mechanisms underlying the adverse outcomes seen in people with diabetes; the functional impact of post-COVID symptoms on people with diabetes, their persistence, and management; how long-term vaccine efficacy is affected by diabetes, and the antibody levels that confer protection from adverse outcomes in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felecia D'Souza
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Raffaella Buzzetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Immunobiology, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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17
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Deng Y, Huang L, Liu P, Geng X, Lin Z, Zheng Z, Zhan M, Zhang Z, Liu J, Sun T. Association of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E) status with humoral immune response to COVID-19 inactivated vaccination. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1167920. [PMID: 37260517 PMCID: PMC10227435 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1167920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E) are essential for the proper functioning of the immune system and are of central importance for infection risk in humans. Vitamins A, D, and E have been reported to be associated with the immune response following vaccination; however, their effects on the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination remain unknown. Methods We measured the neutralizing antibody titers against wild type and omicron within 98 days after the third homologous boosting shot of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac) in 141 healthy adults in a prospective, open-label study. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy was used to determine the concentrations of plasma vitamins A, D, and E. Results We found that the anti-wide-type virus and anti-omicron variant antibody levels significantly increased compared with baseline antibody levels (P < 0.001) after the third vaccination. 25(OH)D3 was significantly negatively associated with the baseline anti-wide-type virus antibody concentrations [beta (95% CI) = -0.331 (-0.659 ~ -0.003)] after adjusting for covariates. A potentially similar association was also observed on day 98 after the third vaccination [beta (95% CI) = -0.317 (-0.641 ~ 0.007)]. After adjusting for covariates, we also found that 25(OH)D3 was significantly negatively associated with the seropositivity of the anti-omicron variant antibody at day 98 after the third vaccination [OR (95% CI) = 0.940 (0.883 ~ 0.996)]. The association between plasma 25(OH)D3 with anti-wild-type virus antibody levels and seropositivity of anti-omicron variant antibodies were persistent in subgroup analyses. We observed no association between retinol/α-tocopherol and anti-wide-type virus antibody levels or anti-omicron variant antibody seropositive in our study. Conclusion The third inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination significantly improved the ability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human body. Higher vitamin D concentrations could significantly decrease the anti-wide-type virus-neutralizing antibody titers and anti-omicron variant antibody seropositive rate after the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with adequate levels of vitamin D, better immune status, and stronger immune response; further studies comprising large cohorts of patients with different nutritional status are warranted to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Liting Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Peixin Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xuyang Geng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zefang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhixiong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- Party Committee of the Communist Party of China, Zhuhai Health Bureau, Zhuhai, China
| | - Taoping Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
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18
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Gaborit B, Fernandes S, Loubet P, Ninove L, Dutour A, Cariou B, Coupaye M, Clement K, Czernichow S, Carette C, Resseguier N, Esterle L, Kali S, Houssays M, de Lamballerie X, Wittkop L, Launay O, Laville M. Early humoral response to COVID-19 vaccination in patients living with obesity and diabetes in France. The COVPOP OBEDIAB study with results from the ANRS0001S COV-POPART cohort. Metabolism 2023; 142:155412. [PMID: 36731720 PMCID: PMC9886395 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes and obesity are populations at high-risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes and have shown blunted immune responses when administered different vaccines. Here we used the 'ANRS0001S COV-POPART' French nationwide multicenter prospective cohort to investigate early humoral response to COVID-19 vaccination in the sub-cohort ('COVPOP OBEDIAB') of patients with obesity and diabetes. METHODS Patients with diabetes (n = 390, type 1 or 2) or obesity (n = 357) who had received two vaccine doses and had no history of previous COVID-19 infection and negative anti-nucleocapsid (NCP) antibodies were included and compared against healthy subjects (n = 573). Humoral response was assessed at baseline, at one month post-first dose (M0) and one-month post-second dose (M1), through percentage of responders (positive anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (Sabs), geometric means of Sabs; BAU/mL), proportion of individuals with anti-RBD antibodies, and proportion of individuals with anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies (Nabs). Potential clinical and biological factors associated with weak response (defined as Sabs < 264 BAU/mL) and presence of non-reactive anti-RBD antibodies at M1 were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate regressions were performed to estimate crude and adjusted coefficients with 95 % confidence intervals. Poor glycemic control was defined as HbA1c ≥ 7.5 % at inclusion. RESULTS Patients with diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, and patients with obesity were less likely to have positive Sabs and anti-RBD antibodies after the first and second dose compared to controls (p < 0.001). At M1, we found Sabs seroconversion in 94.1 % of patients with diabetes versus 99.7 % in controls, anti-RBD seroconversion in 93.8 % of patients with diabetes versus 99.1 % in controls, and Nabs seroconversion in 95.7 % of patients with diabetes versus 99.6 % in controls (all p < 0.0001). Sabs and anti-RBD seroconversion at M0 and M1 were also significantly lower in obese patients than controls, at respectively 82.1 % versus 89.9 % (p = 0.001; M0 Sabs), 94.4 % versus 99.7 % (p 0.001; M1 Sabs), 79.0 % vs 86.2 % (p = 0.004 M0 anti-RBD), and 96.99 % vs 99.1 % (p = 0.012 M1 anti-RBD). The factors associated with low vaccine response (BAU < 264/mL) in patients with diabetes were chronic kidney disease (adjusted OR = 6.88 [1.77;26.77], p = 0.005) and poor glycemic control (adjusted OR = 3.92 [1.26;12.14], p = 0.018). In addition, BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 was found to be associated with a higher vaccine response (adjusted OR = 0.10 [0.01;0.91], p = 0.040) than patients with BMI < 40 kg/m2. CONCLUSION COVID-19 vaccine humoral response was lower in patients with obesity and diabetes one month after second dose compared to controls, especially in diabetic patients with CKD or inadequate glycemic control. These findings point to the need for post-vaccination serological checks in these high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Gaborit
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition-ENDO platform, APHM, Marseille, France.
| | - Sara Fernandes
- Support Unit for Clinical Research and Economic Evaluation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, EA 3279 CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
| | - Paul Loubet
- Inserm, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research in Vaccinology Network (I REIVAC), Paris, France; Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France; INSERM U1047 - Université de Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Laetitia Ninove
- Unite des Virus Emergents, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 190, Inserm 1207, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Dutour
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition-ENDO platform, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Muriel Coupaye
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Centre Intégré de Prise en Charge de l'Obésité (CINFO), Hôpital Louis Mourier (AP-HP), 92700 Colombes, France
| | - Karine Clement
- Department of Nutrition, Pitie-Salpetrière Hospital (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, CRNH-Ile-de-France, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Czernichow
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Nutrition, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre Spécialisé Obésité Ile-de-France Sud, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Claire Carette
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Nutrition, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre Spécialisé Obésité Ile-de-France Sud, 75015 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM 1418, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Noémie Resseguier
- Support Unit for Clinical Research and Economic Evaluation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, EA 3279 CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
| | - Laure Esterle
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, MART, UMS 54, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Marie Houssays
- Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Medical Evaluation Department, CIC-CPCET, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unite des Virus Emergents, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 190, Inserm 1207, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Linda Wittkop
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, MART, UMS 54, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Inria Equipe SISTM, Talence, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Information Médicale, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CIC-EC 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Odile Launay
- Inserm, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research in Vaccinology Network (I REIVAC), Paris, France; Université Paris Cité; Inserm CIC 1417; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre d'investigation clinique Cochin Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Martine Laville
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, Inrae, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Oullins, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cens, Fcrin/force Network, Pierre-Bénite, France
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19
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Estimating immunity with mathematical models for SARS-CoV-2 after COVID-19 vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:33. [PMID: 36878929 PMCID: PMC9988198 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00626-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tools that can be used to estimate antibody waning following COVID-19 vaccinations can facilitate an understanding of the current immune status of the population. In this study, a two-compartment-based mathematical model is formulated to describe the dynamics of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in healthy adults using serially measured waning antibody concentration data obtained in a prospective cohort study of 673 healthcare providers vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine. The datasets of 165 healthcare providers and 292 elderly patients with or without hemodialysis were used for external validation. Internal validation of the model demonstrated 97.0% accuracy, and external validation of the datasets of healthcare workers, hemodialysis patients, and nondialysis patients demonstrated 98.2%, 83.3%, and 83.8% accuracy, respectively. The internal and external validations demonstrated that this model also fits the data of various populations with or without underlying illnesses. Furthermore, using this model, we developed a smart device application that can rapidly calculate the timing of negative seroconversion.
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20
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Paschou SA, Karalis V, Psaltopoulou T, Charitaki I, Sklirou AD, Iconomidou VA, Vasileiou V, Kassi GN, Vryonidou A, Kokkinos A, Tentolouris N, Hatziaggelaki E, Trougakos IP, Terpos E, Dimopoulos MA. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus present similar immunological response to COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine to healthy subjects: a prospective cohort study. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:5-11. [PMID: 36269544 PMCID: PMC9589869 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the kinetics of neutralizing antibodies (NΑbs) against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty, Pfizer/BioNTech) between patients with T2DM and healthy controls. METHODS NAb levels after the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine were compared between 50 patients with non-insulin treated T2DM and 50 age-, gender-, and BMI-matched healthy controls up to 3 months after the second dose. The median age of both groups was 70 years. RESULTS On day 1, mean NAbs of the control and T2DM groups were 14.64% (standard error, SE = 2.30) and 14.04% (SE = 2.14), respectively (p value = 0.926). Three weeks later, the mean NAb values were 39.98% (SE = 3.53) in the control group and 40.97% (SE = 3.99) in participants with T2DM (p value = 0.698). One month after the second vaccination, mean NAb values increased to 87.13% (SE = 2.94) in the control group and 89.00% (SE = 2.18) in the T2DM group. Three months after the second vaccine dose, the mean inhibitory titers decreased to 83.49% (SE = 3.82) (control group) and 76.36% (SE = 3.33) (T2DM group). On all occasions, no significant difference was found between the two groups (all p values > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with T2DM present similar immunological response to COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine to that of healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula A Paschou
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vangelis Karalis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilisis Sophias Ave, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Charitaki
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilisis Sophias Ave, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia D Sklirou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki A Iconomidou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Georgia N Kassi
- Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Andromachi Vryonidou
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicholas Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Erifili Hatziaggelaki
- Diabetes Center, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilisis Sophias Ave, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilisis Sophias Ave, 11528, Athens, Greece.
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21
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Bao Y, Dong C, Liang Q, Zhang X, Gu Z, Cheng C. The Difference of COVID-19 Vaccination Attitude, Preventive Measures and Knowledge of SARS-COV-2 Between Diabetic Patients and Healthy Citizens in China. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:493-502. [PMID: 36861134 PMCID: PMC9969864 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s394790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The outbreak of coronavirus disease has become an evolving global health crisis with wide-ranging implications. Clinical researches from several countries have reported greater morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 patients with diabetes. SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 vaccines are currently the relatively effective means of prevention. The research was aimed to explore the attitudes of diabetic patients towards COVID-19 vaccine and the knowledge of COVID-19 related epidemiology and epidemic prevention. Methods This case-control study was carried out in China via online and offline surveys. Knowledge questionnaire of COVID-19 and drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Scale (DrVac-COVID19S) were used to compare the difference of COVID-19 vaccination attitude, preventive measures, and knowledge of SARS-COV-2 between diabetic patients and healthy citizens. Results The diabetic patients showed lower vaccination willingness and insufficient knowledge of the transmission route and common symptoms of COVID-19. Only 60.99% diabetic patients were willing to be vaccinated. Less than half of diabetics knew the COVID-19 spread by surface touch (34.04%) or aerosol (20.57%). The common symptoms like shortness of breath/ anorexia/ fatigue/ nausea/vomiting/diarrhea (34.04%) and panic and chest tightness (19.15%) were not well comprehend too. Diabetes patients shown lower report intentions when they contact a person infected with the virus (81.56%) or have any of the disease symptoms (74.47%). Values, knowledge, and autonomy assessed by the DrVac-COVID19S scale also showed negative attitude of vaccination in patients with diabetes. Also, patient with diabetes pay less attention to national (56.03%) and international (51.77%) COVID-19 updates. The willingness to attend COVID-19 lectures (27.66%) or read information leaflets (70.92%) was low. Conclusion Vaccination is the effective available method for preventing the virus. Social and medical workers can increase the vaccination of diabetic patients through knowledge's popularization and patient's education based on the above differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Bao
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Zhifeng Gu; Chun Cheng, Tel +86-13706291941; +86-13962952110, Email ;
| | - Chun Cheng
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Impact of BNT162b2 Booster Dose on SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Trimeric Spike Antibody Dynamics in a Large Cohort of Italian Health Care Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020463. [PMID: 36851340 PMCID: PMC9959637 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate studies on the dynamics of Pfizer-Biontech BNT162b2-induced antibodies are crucial to better tailor booster dose administration depending on age, comorbidities, and previous natural infection with SARS-CoV-2. To date, little is known about the durability and kinetics of antibody titers months after receiving a booster dose. In this work, we studied the dynamic of anti-Trimeric Spike (anti-TrimericS) IgG titer in the healthcare worker population of a large academic hospital in Northern Italy, in those who had received two vaccine doses plus a booster dose. Blood samples were collected on the day of dose 1, dose 2, then 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after dose 2, the day of the administration of the booster dose, then 1 month and 3 months after the booster dose. The vaccination immunogenicity was evaluated by dosing anti-TrimericS IgG titer, which was further studied in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection status, age, and sex. Our results suggest that after the booster dose, the anti-TrimericS IgG production was higher in the subjects that were infected only after the completion of the vaccination cycle, compared to those that were infected both before and after the vaccination campaign. Moreover, the booster dose administration exerts a leveling effect, mitigating the differences in the immunogenicity dependent on sex and age.
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23
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Xiang F, Long B, He J, Cheng F, Zhang S, Liu Q, Chen Z, Li H, Chen M, Peng M, Yin W, Liu D, Ren H. Impaired antibody responses were observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Virol J 2023; 20:22. [PMID: 36750902 PMCID: PMC9902824 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-01983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been reported to be more susceptible to 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and more likely to develop severe pneumonia. However, the safety and immunological responses of T2DM patients after receiving the inactivated vaccines are not quite definite. Therefore, we aimed to explore the safety, antibody responses, and B-cell immunity of T2DM patients who were vaccinated with inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. METHODS Eighty-nine patients with T2DM and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled, all of whom had received two doses of full-course inactivated vaccines. At 21-105 days after full-course vaccines: first, the safety of the vaccines was assessed by questionnaires; second, the titers of anti-receptor binding domain IgG (anti-RBD-IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were measured; third, we detected the frequency of RBD-specific memory B cells (RBD-specific MBCs) to explore the cellular immunity of T2DM patients. RESULTS The overall incidence of adverse events was similar between T2DM patients and HCs, and no serious adverse events were recorded in either group. Compared with HCs, significantly lower titers of anti-RBD-IgG (p = 0.004) and NAbs (p = 0.013) were observed in T2DM patients. Moreover, the frequency of RBD-specific MBCs was lower in T2DM patients than in HCs (p = 0.027). Among the 89 T2DM patients, individuals with lower body mass index (BMI) had higher antibody titers (anti-RBD-IgG: p = 0.009; NAbs: p = 0.084). Furthermore, we found that sex, BMI, and days after vaccination were correlated with antibody titers. CONCLUSIONS Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines were safe in patients with T2DM, but the antibody responses and memory B-cell responses were significantly decreased compared to HCs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE NCT05043246. September 14, 2021. (Clinical Trials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Boyu Long
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaoxia He
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feifei Cheng
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Endocrine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sijing Zhang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Endocrine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Endocrine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hu Li
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingli Peng
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwei Yin
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Evaluation of the Efficacy of BBIBP-CorV Inactivated Vaccine Combined with BNT62b2 mRNA Booster Vaccine. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030556. [PMID: 36766663 PMCID: PMC9914066 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this prospective study, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein specific total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were analyzed before and after BNT162 b2 mRNA booster vaccination in individuals previously administered with two doses of BBIBP-CorV vaccine in comparison to immunized participants with three doses of BNT162 b2 vaccination. METHODS Sixty-one Caucasian volunteers (39 females, 22 males) vaccinated by BBIBP-CorV were included (mean age: 63.9 years). Sixty-one patients (41 females, 20 males) as controls were vaccinated with BNT162b2 (mean age: 59.9 years). Both groups received the third booster BNT162b2 vaccine. Total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD Ig levels were measured by an immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics) and their calculated ratios after/before booster dose were compared between the two groups. RESULTS At baseline, significantly lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD total antibody levels were determined after initial immunization by two doses of inactivated BBIBP-CorV compared to BNT62b2 mRNA vaccine (p < 0.001). After BNT162b2 boosters, similarly high total Ig levels were detected in both the heterologous (27,195 [15,604-42,754] BAU/mL, p < 0.001) and the homologous booster cohort (24,492 [13,779-42,671] BAU/mL, p < 0.001) compared to baseline. Hence, the ratio of after/before total Ig levels was significantly higher with heterologous vs homologous immunization (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION To address the concept that basic BBIBP-CorV vaccination is not as effective as BNT162b, we analyzed the effect of heterologous vaccination with BNT162b2. Our results suggest that BNT162b2 can successfully boost the effects of two-dose BBIBP-CorV vaccination.
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Mathur A, Sahu S, Rai S, Ghoshal U, Ghoshal UC. Serological response to vaccination against coronavirus disease-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Indian J Gastroenterol 2023; 42:64-69. [PMID: 36598745 PMCID: PMC9811048 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-022-01323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination against coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is effective in preventing the occurrence or reduction in the severity of the infection. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are on immunomodulators, which may alter serological response to vaccination against COVID-19. Accordingly, we studied (i) the serological response to vaccination against COVID-19 in IBD patients and (ii) a comparison of serological response in IBD patients with that in healthy controls. A prospective study was undertaken during a 6-month period (July 2021 to January 2022). Seroconversion was assessed among vaccinated, unvaccinated IBD patients and vaccinated healthy controls using anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin G (anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG) antibody detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and optical density (OD) was measured at 450 nm. OD is directly proportional to the antibody concentration. One hundred and thirty-two blood samples were collected from 97 IBD patients (85 [87.6%] ulcerative colitis and 12 [12.4%] Crohn's disease). Forty-one of the seventy-one (57.7%) unvaccinated and 60/61 (98.4%) vaccinated IBD patients tested positive (OD > 0.3) for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Fourteen of the sixteen (87.5%) healthy controls tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Vaccinated IBD patients had higher ODs than unvaccinated IBD patients (1.31 [1.09-1.70] vs. 0.53 [0.19-1.32], p < 0.001) and 16 vaccinated healthy controls (1.31 [1.09-1.70] vs. 0.64 [0.43-0.78], p < 0.001). Three of the seventy-one (4.2%) unvaccinated IBD patients reported having recovered from COVID-19. Most IBD patients seroconvert after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, similar to a healthy population. A large proportion of IBD patients had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies even before vaccination, suggesting the occurrence of herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Mathur
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Shikha Sahu
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Sushmita Rai
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Ujjala Ghoshal
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India.
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Pinto-Álvarez M, Fernández-Niño JA, Arregocés-Castillo L, Rojas-Botero ML, Palacios AF, Galvis-Pedraza M, Ruiz-Gomez F. Real-world Evidence of COVID-19 Vaccines Effectiveness in Solid-organ Transplant Recipient Population in Colombia: A Study Nested in the Esperanza Cohort. Transplantation 2023; 107:216-224. [PMID: 36228269 PMCID: PMC9746232 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have a higher risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications and death and a less powerful and lasting response to vaccines and to natural infection. In Colombia, this population was prioritized in the National Vaccination Plan against COVID-19 and received vaccines from different platforms. The aim of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of the complete vaccination schedule and of the vaccine booster for COVID-19 administered to SOTRs in Colombia. METHODS A nested-cohort was assembled within the population-based ESPERANZA cohort and included the subset of 16 y and older SOTRs (n = 6963); the follow-up period spanned March 11, 2021, to May 11, 2022. The vaccine effectiveness was estimated with Cox proportional-hazards models so that the overall effectiveness of the complete vaccination schedule, the vaccine booster, each used vaccine, and the homologous and heterologous schedules were estimated, adjusting by the main confounders. RESULTS The overall effectiveness of being fully vaccinated was 73.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.9%-77.0%) to prevent COVID-19 infection, 83.7% (95% CI, 78.7%-87.5%) to prevent hospitalization, and 92.1% (95% CI, 88.8%-94.4%) to prevent death due to COVID-19. Similarly, the effectiveness of the vaccine booster was 76.7% (95% CI, 70.6%-81.5%), 86.9% (95% CI, 79.4%-91.6%), and 94.5% (95% CI, 89.8%-97.1%) to prevent confirmed COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death due to COVID-19, respectively. In both cases, there were no statistically significant differences across age groups. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this work show a high protection of vaccination against infection, hospitalization, and death due to COVID-19 in SOTRs, which increases with the vaccine booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pinto-Álvarez
- Dirección de Medicamentos y Tecnologías de Salud, Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Julián A. Fernández-Niño
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Arregocés-Castillo
- Dirección de Medicamentos y Tecnologías de Salud, Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | | | - Andrés F. Palacios
- Dirección de Medicamentos y Tecnologías de Salud, Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Maryory Galvis-Pedraza
- Dirección de Medicamentos y Tecnologías de Salud, Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, Bogotá DC, Colombia
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Kung YA, Huang SY, Huang CG, Liu KT, Huang PN, Yu KY, Yang SL, Chen CP, Cheng CY, Lee IK, Lin SM, Chang HP, Lin YT, Liu YC, Chen GW, Shih SR. Factors influencing neutralizing antibody titers elicited by coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105044. [PMID: 36096357 PMCID: PMC9461341 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has highlighted the importance of an international standard (IS) for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibody titer detection to calibrate diagnostic techniques. We applied an IS to calibrate neutralizing antibody titers (NTs) (international units/mL) in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Moreover, the association between different factors and neutralizing antibodies was analyzed. A total of 1667 serum samples were collected from participants receiving different COVID-19 vaccines. Antibody titers were determined by a microneutralization assay using live viruses in a biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) laboratory and a commercial serological MeDiPro kit. The titer determined using the MeDiPro kit was highly correlated with the NT determined using live viruses and calibrated using IS. Fever and antipyretic analgesic treatment were related to neutralizing antibody responses in ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 vaccinations. Individuals with diabetes showed a low NT elicited by MVC-COV1901. Individuals with hypertension receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine had lower NTs than those without hypertension. Our study provided the international unit (IU) values of NTs in vaccinated individuals for the development of vaccines and implementation of non-inferiority trials. Correlation of the influencing factors with NTs can provide an indicator for selecting COVID-19 vaccines based on personal attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Kung
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yu Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Guei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Liu
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Nien Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kar-Yee Yu
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Pei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yun Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Kit Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Min Lin
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Pin Chang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Te Lin
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chin Liu
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Wu Chen
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Artificial Intelligence Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, And Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Nassar M, Misra A, Bloomgarden Z. COVID-19 Vaccination in Persons with Diabetes: How they Work. CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY 2023:195-206. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28536-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
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Guo Q, Yang L, Peng R, Gao T, Chu X, Jiang D, Ke D, Ren H. Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional observational study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1067342. [PMID: 36620297 PMCID: PMC9817001 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1067342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), wich mainly including hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, remains high, and the safety and antibody response of inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) is still inconsistency, therefore it is necessary to explore the safety and antibody responses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination in MS patients in clinical practice. Methods 157 adults patients who were suffering from MS and 117 health controls (HC) at an interval of at least 21 days after full-course (2nd dose) vaccination were enrolled. The safety of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination was evaluated through collected adverse events (AEs) by questionnaire. The immunogenicity of included participant to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination was represented by serum seropositivity rate of anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (CoV-2 Nab) and titers of anti-RBD IgG, CoV-2 Nab. The B cells, mainly including RBD-specific B cells, RBD-specific memory B cell (MBC), RBD+ resting MBC cells, RBD+ activated MBC cells, RBD+ atypical MBC cells (atyMBCs), and RBD+ intermediate MBC cells, were also analyzed. Results In terms of safety, all AEs in MS patients were mild and self-limiting, and the incidence was comparable to that of HC participants, with overall AEs within seven days reported in 9.6% (15/157) of 3H and 11.1% (13/117) of HC. Both groups experienced no serious adverse events. As for immunogenicity of MS patients to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination, compared with health controls, the seroprevalence of anti-RBD IgG and CoV-2 Nab was significantly decreased in MS patients (p = 0.000, p = 0.003, respectively), while the titers of anti-RBD IgG (AU/ml) and CoV-2 Nab (μg/ml) were also significant lower in MS patients (p = 0.014, p = 0.002, respectively). As for frequencies of B cells, MS patients had lower frequencies of RBD-specific B cells, RBD+ resting MBCs, and RBD+ intermediate MBCs (p = 0.003, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, respectively), but had a higher frequencies of RBD+ atypical MBCs (p = 0.000) than HC. In comorbidity number subgroups analysis of MS, except frequencies of RBD+ resting MBC cells, RBD+ activated MBC cells and RBD+ intermediate MBC cells had significant difference among three groups (p = 0.035, p = 0.042, p = 0.046, respectively), antibody response had no significant difference among 1H, 2H, and 3H groups (p > 0.05). And took 70 years old as a boundary, also no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in age subgroups. Lastly, comprehensive analysis in MS patients indicated that interval time after 2nd dose vaccine was the statistical significant factor which impacting antibody response in MS individuals. Conclusions Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines were well-tolerated, but induced a poorer antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in MS patients comparing to HC participants. Patients with MS should therefore be more proactive in receiving inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, and a booster vaccination may be considered necessary. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT05043246.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Guo
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ran Peng
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinglin Chu
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Depeng Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Depeng Jiang ✉
| | - Dazhi Ke
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Dazhi Ke ✉
| | - Hong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Hong Ren ✉
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COVID-19 vaccination and the skin to deltoid MUSCLE distance in adults with diabetes. Vaccine X 2022; 13:100248. [PMID: 36536872 PMCID: PMC9753456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To estimate the proportion of adult diabetics with a skin to deltoid muscle distance (SDMD) of > 25 mm, representing a distance greater than the standard needle length used for intramuscular COVID-19 vaccination, and to assess whether anthropometric measurements predict ultrasound SDMD measurements. Design Non-interventional cross-sectional study. Setting Single site, non-clinical setting, Wellington, New Zealand. Participants One hundred participants (50 females) aged at least 18 years diagnosis with diabetes. All participants completed the study. Main outcome measures The proportions of participants with a SDMD > 25 mm and a SDMD > 20 mm (indicating that the needle would not have penetrated at least 5 mm into the deltoid, which is considered necessary to ensure deposition of vaccine into muscle); the relationship between anthropometric measurements (body weight, body height, body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness, arm circumference) and SDMD measured by ultrasound. Results The proportion (95 %CI) of participants with a SDMD > 25 mm was 6/100; 6 % (2.2 to 12.6), and the proportion with a SDMD > 20 mm was 11 % (5.6 to 18.8), of which 9/11 had a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and 9/11 were female. The strongest relationships between anthropometric measurements and SDMD were with arm circumference (r = 0.76, P < 0.001) and BMI (r = 0.73, P < 0.001). Arm circumference and BMI were the best predictors of SDMD measurements with AUC for ROC curves of 0.99 and 0.94 above the 25 mm cut point, 0.97 and 0.89 above the 20 mm cut point respectively. Conclusions The standard needle length of 25 mm is likely to be insufficient to ensure deposition of COVID-19 vaccine within the deltoid muscle in a small but important proportion of obese adults with diabetes. Arm circumference and BMI are simple measurements that could identify those that need a long needle to ensure successful intramuscular vaccine administration. Funding Ruth Maud Ring Spencer Estate; Health Research Council of New Zealand (Independent Research Organisation).
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Cheng Y, Shen P, Tao Y, Zhang W, Xu B, Bi Y, Han Z, Zhou YH. Reduced antibody response to COVID-19 vaccine composed of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in diabetic individuals. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1025901. [PMID: 36568756 PMCID: PMC9773130 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1025901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk for COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality. Antibody response to COVID-19 vaccine in T2DM patients is not very clear. The present work aims to evaluate the antibody response to the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in this population. Methods Two groups of subjects with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection were included: 63 T2DM patients and 56 non-T2DM controls. Each participant received two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. IgG antibodies against the nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (anti-N/S IgG) and receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins (anti-RBD IgG) were quantitatively evaluated by the electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, respectively. Results It was observed that the positive rates and titers of anti-N/S IgG and anti-RBD IgG in T2DM patients were significantly lower than those in controls, respectively (anti-N/S: 85.7 vs. 98.2%, P = 0.034; 25.48 vs. 33.58 AU/ml P = 0.011; anti-RBD: 85.7 vs. 96.4%, P = 0.044; 15.45 vs. 22.25 AU/ml, P = 0.019). Compared to non-T2DM subjects, T2DM patients with uncontrolled glycemia showed lower positive antibody rates and titers (anti-N/S IgG: 75% and 13.30 AU/ml; anti-RBD IgG: 75% and 11.91 AU/ml, respectively, all P < 0.05), while T2DM patients with controlled glycemia had similar positive antibody rates and titers (anti-N/S IgG: 94.3% and 33.65 AU/ml; and anti-RBD IgG: 94.3% and 19.82 AU/ml, respectively, all P > 0.05). Conclusion In the analysis performed, the data indicate that T2DM patients with uncontrolled glycemia showed a lower level of IgG antibodies compared to non-diabetic controls and individuals with controlled glycemia when immunized with the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biyun Xu
- Department of Biomedicine Statistics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Yi-Hua Zhou
| | - Yi-Hua Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Department of Infectious Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Zhen Han
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Virgilio E, Trevisan C, Abbatecola A, Malara A, Palmieri A, Fedele G, Stefanelli P, Leone P, Schiavoni I, Maggi S, Volpato S, Antonelli Incalzi R, Onder G. Diabetes Affects Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Older Residents of Long-term Care Facilities: Data From the GeroCovid Vax Study. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:2935-2942. [PMID: 36201657 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes may affect the humoral immune response after vaccination, but data concerning coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccines are scarce. We evaluated the impact of diabetes on antibody response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in older residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and tested for differences according to antidiabetic treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS For this analysis, 555 older residents of LTCFs participating in the GeroCovid Vax study were included. SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S immunoglobulin G (anti-S IgG) concentrations using chemiluminescent assays were tested before the first dose and after 2 and 6 months. The impact of diabetes on anti-S IgG levels was evaluated using linear mixed models, which included the interaction between time and presence of diabetes. A second model also considered diabetes treatment: no insulin therapy (including dietary only or use of oral antidiabetic agents) and insulin therapy (alone or in combination with oral antidiabetic agents). RESULTS The mean age of the sample was 82.1 years, 68.1% were women, and 25.2% had diabetes. In linear mixed models, presence of diabetes was associated with lower anti-S IgG levels at 2 (β = -0.20; 95% CI -0.34, -0.06) and 6 months (β = -0.22; 95% CI -0.37, -0.07) after the first vaccine dose. Compared with those without diabetes, residents with diabetes not using insulin had lower IgG levels at 2- and 6-month assessments (β = -0.24; 95% CI -0.43, -0.05 and β = -0.30; 95% CI -0.50, -0.10, respectively), whereas no differences were observed for those using insulin. CONCLUSIONS Older residents of LTCFs with diabetes tended to have weaker antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination. Insulin treatment might buffer this effect and establish humoral immunity similar to that in individuals without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Virgilio
- Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caterina Trevisan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Abbatecola
- Alzheimer's Disease Day Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Frosinone, Italy
| | - Alba Malara
- Associazione Nazionale Strutture Territoriali e per la Terza Età (ANASTE)-Humanitas Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefania Maggi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Graziano Onder
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy.,Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Retrospective study of the immunogenicity and safety of the CoronaVac SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in people with underlying medical conditions. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:151. [PMID: 36434092 PMCID: PMC9700702 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with chronic disease, particularly seniors (≥60 years old), made up of most severe symptom and death cases among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. However, they are lagging behind in the national COVID-19 vaccination campaign in China due to the uncertainty of vaccine safety and effectiveness. Safety and immunogenicity data of COVID-19 vaccines in people with underlying medical conditions are needed to address the vaccine hesitation in this population. METHODS We included participants (≥40 years old) who received two doses of CoronaVac inactivated vaccines (at a 3-5 week interval) and were healthy or had at least one of 6 common chronic diseases. The incidence of adverse events after vaccination was monitored. Vaccine immunogenicity was studied by determining neutralizing antibodies and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses post vaccination. RESULTS Here we show that chronic diseases are associated with a higher rate of mild fatigue following the first dose of CoronaVac. By day 14-28 post vaccination, the neutralizing antibody level shows no significant difference between disease groups and healthy controls, except for people with coronary artery disease (p = 0.0287) and chronic respiratory disease (p = 0.0416), who show moderate reductions. Such differences diminish by day 90 and 180. Most people show detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses at day 90 and day 180 without significant differences between disease groups and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the comparable safety, immunogenicity and cellular immunity memory of CoronaVac in seniors and people living with chronic diseases. This data should reduce vaccine hesitancy in this population.
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Al-qaim ZH, Owadh HKH, Ali SA, Hussein AS, Ameen TR, Kolemen A, Washi GA, Jalil AT. COVID-19 vaccination in patients with cancer: Opportunities and challenges. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1029325. [PMID: 36425557 PMCID: PMC9679654 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1029325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of the SARS-Cov-2 virus, the increase in the number of patients with severe COVID-19, and the high mortality rate created the basis for the production of safe and effective vaccines. Studies have confirmed the increased risk of severe Covid-19 disease and mortality in cancer patients. It is logical that cancer patients should be the first to receive the primary vaccination and the booster vaccine for Covid-19. Since studies related to cancer patients and the effectiveness of existing Covid-19 vaccines have not been widely conducted, there are significant uncertainties about the effectiveness of the vaccine and the level of humoral and cellular immune responses in these patients. As a result, the possible risks and side effects of existing vaccines are not clear for patients with different cancers who are undergoing special treatments. In this study, we will discuss the effectiveness and safety of existing vaccines on cancer patients. In addition, we highlight factors that could affect the effectiveness of vaccines in these patients and finally discuss opportunities and challenges related to vaccination in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Haleem Al-qaim
- Anesthesia Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | | | - Sarah A. Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Alaa S. Hussein
- Radiological Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | | | - Ayshan Kolemen
- Department of Dentistry, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Ghassan A. Washi
- Department of Nursing, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
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Lee KS, Russ BP, Wong TY, Horspool AM, Winters MT, Barbier M, Bevere JR, Martinez I, Damron FH, Cyphert HA. Obesity and metabolic dysfunction drive sex-associated differential disease profiles in hACE2-mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2. iScience 2022; 25:105038. [PMID: 36068847 PMCID: PMC9436780 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection are highly associated with preexisting comorbid conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. We utilized the diet-induced obesity (DIO) model of metabolic dysfunction in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice to model obesity as a COVID-19 comorbidity. Female DIO, but not male DIO mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2 were observed to have shortened time to morbidity compared to controls. Increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in female DIO was associated with increased viral RNA burden and interferon production compared to males. Transcriptomic analysis of the lungs from all mouse cohorts revealed sex- and DIO-associated differential gene expression profiles. Male DIO mice after challenge had decreased expression of antibody-related genes compared to controls, suggesting antibody producing cell localization in the lung. Collectively, this study establishes a preclinical comorbidity model of COVID-19 in mice where we observed sex- and diet-specific responses that begin explaining the effects of obesity and metabolic disease on COVID-19 pathology. Transcriptomic analysis of infected lungs revealed unique sex-dependent differences Obese female mice have high viral RNA burden and interferon production in the lung Male mice have altered antibody and T cell response gene profiles after viral challenge Metabolic dysfunction comorbidity can be studied in the hACE2 mouse model of COVID-19
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S. Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brynnan P. Russ
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ting Y. Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Alexander M. Horspool
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael T. Winters
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Justin R. Bevere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ivan Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - F. Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Holly A. Cyphert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Corresponding author
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Lee CH, Gray V, Teo JMN, Tam AR, Fong CHY, Lui DTW, Pang P, Chan KH, Hung IFN, Tan KCB, Ling GS. Comparing the B and T cell-mediated immune responses in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving mRNA or inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1018393. [PMID: 36304475 PMCID: PMC9592994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquiring protective immunity through vaccination is essential, especially for patients with type 2 diabetes who are vulnerable for adverse clinical outcomes during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with immune dysfunction. Here, we evaluated the impact of T2D on the immunological responses induced by mRNA (BNT162b2) and inactivated (CoronaVac) vaccines, the two most commonly used COVID-19 vaccines. The study consisted of two parts. In Part 1, the sera titres of IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) alpha receptor binding domain (RBD), their neutralizing capacity, and antigen-specific CD4+T and CD8+T cell responses at 3-6 months after vaccination were compared between BNT162b2 (n=60) and CoronaVac (n=50) vaccinees with or without T2D. Part 2 was a time-course study investigating the initial B and T cell responses induced by BNT162b2 among vaccinees (n=16) with or without T2D. Our data showed that T2D impaired both cellular and humoral immune responses induced by CoronaVac. For BNT162b2, T2D patients displayed a reduction in CD4+T-helper 1 (Th1) differentiation following their first dose. However, this initial defect was rectified by the second dose of BNT162b2, resulting in comparable levels of memory CD4+ and CD8+T cells, anti-RBD IgG, and neutralizing antibodies with healthy individuals at 3-6 months after vaccination. Hence, T2D influences the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines depending on their platform. Our findings provide a potential mechanism for the susceptibility of developing adverse outcomes observed in COVID-19 patients with T2D and received either CoronaVac or just one dose of BNT162b2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Victor Gray
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia Ming Nickolas Teo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anthony Raymond Tam
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carol Ho-Yi Fong
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David Tak-Wai Lui
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Polly Pang
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Sheng Ling, ; Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung, ; Kathryn Choon-Beng Tan,
| | - Kathryn Choon-Beng Tan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Sheng Ling, ; Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung, ; Kathryn Choon-Beng Tan,
| | - Guang Sheng Ling
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Sheng Ling, ; Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung, ; Kathryn Choon-Beng Tan,
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Belchior-Bezerra M, Lima RS, Medeiros NI, Gomes JAS. COVID-19, obesity, and immune response 2 years after the pandemic: A timeline of scientific advances. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13496. [PMID: 35837843 PMCID: PMC9349458 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the 2 years since the COVID-19 pandemic was officially declared, science has made considerable strides in understanding the disease's pathophysiology, pharmacological treatments, immune response, and vaccination, but there is still much room for further advances, especially in comprehending its relationship with obesity. Science has not yet described the mechanisms that explain how obesity is directly associated with a poor prognosis. This paper gathers all published studies over the past 2 years that have described immune response, obesity, and COVID-19, a historical and chronological record for researchers and the general public alike. In summary, these studies describe how the cytokine/adipokine levels and inflammatory markers, such as the C-reactive protein, are associated with a higher body mass index in COVID-19-positive patients, suggesting that the inflammatory background and immune dysregulation in individuals with obesity may be expressed in the results and that adiposity may influence the immune response. The timeline presented here is a compilation of the results of 2 years of scientific inquiry, describing how the science has progressed, the principal findings, and the challenges ahead regarding SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, and emerging variants, especially in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Belchior-Bezerra
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silva Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nayara I Medeiros
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana A S Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Vasilev G, Kabakchieva P, Miteva D, Batselova H, Velikova T. Effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with diabetes as a factor for vaccine hesitancy. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:738-751. [PMID: 36188150 PMCID: PMC9521442 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i9.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common comorbid conditions encountered in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection accompanied by significantly increased mortality, prolonged hospital stay, and requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation. This review aims to present the effectiveness and safety profile of available coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in people with diabetes as a potential cause of hesitancy for vaccination. Data from published research proves a robust immune response following immunization for COVID-19 in diabetic patients with substantial production of virus-neutralizing antibodies; however, the observed immune response was unequivocally weaker than that in individuals without diabetes. This observation was further enhanced by the findings that worse glycemic control was associated with more suppressed antibody production. In contrast, individuals with optimal glycemic control performed similarly to healthy controls. In addition to the need for strict glucose monitoring and adequate diabetes treatment, those findings reinforce the concept of diabetes-induced secondary immune deficiency and necessitate the application of booster doses to diabetic patients with priority. Nevertheless, after vaccination, reported adverse events were not different from those in the general population. No increase in severe adverse events was documented. While single case reports detected transient increases in blood glucose post-vaccination, more extensive trials could not replicate such a relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Vasilev
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Plamena Kabakchieva
- Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska,” Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical University, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Internal Diseases, Naval Hospital-Varna, Military Medical Academy, Varna 9010, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitrina Miteva
- Department of Genetics, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski,” Faculty of Biology, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Hristiana Batselova
- Department of Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, Medical University, University Hospital “St George,” Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
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Differential persistence of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 in post immunized Bangladeshi population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14681. [PMID: 36038600 PMCID: PMC9421641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of effective vaccines have been immensely welcomed by the world to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. However, the duration and clinical implications of antibody-mediated natural immunity in SARS-CoV-2 have not been adequately elucidated alongside some other immune system transforming factors. In a cohort study, we measured NAb titer following the 2nd immunization dosage of the CoviShield (AZD1222) vaccine. The enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to look for SARS-CoV-2—specific NAb. We measured NAb at 30 days after the 2nd dosage of immunization and > 96% titer was detected in 42.9% of subjects, but only 5.1% of subjects retained the same level after 180 days. The median NAb titer dropped significantly, from 92% at 30 days to 58% at 180 days (p < 0.001). Besides, there were significant differences observed in NAb titer after 180 days by age, sex, COVID-19 infection, tobacco use, and asthma patients. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection along with two dosages of immunization upheld NAb titer (p < 0.001) even at the end of the study period.
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40
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Boroumand AB, Forouhi M, Karimi F, Moghadam AS, Naeini LG, Kokabian P, Naderi D. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940357. [PMID: 36105809 PMCID: PMC9465310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) through a systematic approach. Method A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science with no time restrictions. The search was based on the three main concepts: Covid-19, Vaccine immunogenicity and Diabetes Mellitus. Results After excluding irrelevant studies, 16 studies remained for the quantitative assay. Among the sixteen studies, eleven had controls. Type of diabetes was specifically mentioned in six studies (T2DM; n=4, T1DM and T2DM; n=2). Twelve of the included studies were conducted on the immunogenicity of vaccines that included mRNA vaccines (i.e. BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) in DM, five studies included vector-based vaccines (i.e. Ad5-nCoV and ChAdOx1-S), and five studies assessed the immunogenicity of vaccines in DM, including inactivated vaccines (i.e. BBV-152, CoronaVac, Sinopharm or SinoVac). Most of the current studies indicate lower antibody response in patients with DM compared to individuals without DM, after the second dose of vaccine and irrespective of vaccine type. Several studies have shown that higher age and higher BMI are associated with lower antibody response, while optimum glycemic control and higher GFR are associated with higher antibody response among patients with DM. Conclusion Immunogenicity of the vaccines has mostly been reported to be lower among patients with DM compared to healthy controls. There are also few studies assessing variables that significantly affect this association, including age, type of diabetes, BMI, glycemic control and eGFR. Investigating these associations could help us provide the most advantageous condition for patients with DM before, during and after vaccination for optimum antibody response. Many unresolved issues concerning potential factors affecting vaccine immunogenicity, including type of vaccine, numbers of administered doses, re-vaccination intervals and hyperglycemia in patients with DM need to be addressed through future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bahador Boroumand
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Forouhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Pajman Kokabian
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Naderi
- Student Research Committee, Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Delaram Naderi,
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Plasma metabolome and cytokine profile reveal glycylproline modulating antibody fading in convalescent COVID-19 patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117089119. [PMID: 35943976 PMCID: PMC9407385 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117089119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has incurred tremendous costs worldwide and is still threatening public health in the "new normal." The association between neutralizing antibody levels and metabolic alterations in convalescent patients with COVID-19 is still poorly understood. In the present work, we conducted absolutely quantitative profiling to compare the plasma cytokines and metabolome of ordinary convalescent patients with antibodies (CA), convalescents with rapidly faded antibodies (CO), and healthy subjects. As a result, we identified that cytokines such as M-CSF and IL-12p40 and plasma metabolites such as glycylproline (gly-pro) and long-chain acylcarnitines could be associated with antibody fading in COVID-19 convalescent patients. Following feature selection, we built machine-learning-based classification models using 17 features (six cytokines and 11 metabolites). Overall accuracies of more than 90% were attained in at least six machine-learning models. Of note, the dipeptide gly-pro, a product of enzymatic peptide cleavage catalyzed by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), strongly accumulated in CO individuals compared with the CA group. Furthermore, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination experiments in healthy mice demonstrated that supplementation of gly-pro down-regulates SARS-CoV-2-specific receptor-binding domain antibody levels and suppresses immune responses, whereas the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin can counteract the inhibitory effects of gly-pro upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Our findings not only reveal the important role of gly-pro in the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection but also indicate a possible mechanism underlying the beneficial outcomes of treatment with DPP4 inhibitors in convalescent COVID-19 patients, shedding light on therapeutic and vaccination strategies against COVID-19.
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Priddy FH, Williams M, Carson S, Lavender B, Mathieson J, Frampton C, Moreland NJ, McGregor R, Williams G, Brewerton M, Gell K, Ussher J, Le Gros G. Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in New Zealand adults. Vaccine 2022; 40:5050-5059. [PMID: 35868948 PMCID: PMC9273612 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background There is very little known about SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immune responses in New Zealand populations at greatest risk for serious COVID-19 disease. Methods This prospective cohort study assessed immunogenicity in BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine recipients in New Zealand without previous COVID-19, with enrichment for Māori, Pacific peoples, older adults ≥ 65 years of age, and those with co-morbidities. Serum samples were analysed at baseline and 28 days after second dose for presence of quantitative anti-S IgG by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay and for neutralizing capacity against Wuhan, Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 strains using a surrogate viral neutralisation assay. Results 285 adults with median age of 52 years were included. 55% were female, 30% were Māori, 28% were Pacific peoples, and 26% were ≥ 65 years of age. Obesity, cardiac and pulmonary disease and diabetes were more common than in the general population. All participants received 2 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine. At 28 days after second vaccination, 99.6% seroconverted to the vaccine, and anti-S IgG and neutralising antibody levels were high across gender and ethnic groups. IgG and neutralising responses declined with age. Lower responses were associated with age ≥ 75 and diabetes, but not BMI. The ability to neutralise the Omicron BA.1 variant in vitro was severely diminished but maintained against other variants of concern. Conclusions Vaccine antibody responses to BNT162b2 were generally robust and consistent with international data in this COVID-19 naïve cohort with representation of key populations at risk for COVID-19 morbidity. Subsequent data on response to boosters, durability of responses and cellular immune responses should be assessed with attention to elderly adults and diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances H Priddy
- Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand and Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand.
| | - Michael Williams
- Pacific Clinical Research Network, 1289 Haupapa St, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand
| | - Simon Carson
- Pacific Clinical Research Network, 1289 Haupapa St, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand
| | - Brittany Lavender
- Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand and Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Julia Mathieson
- Pacific Clinical Research Network, 1289 Haupapa St, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand
| | - Chris Frampton
- University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Ave, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Nicole J Moreland
- University of Auckland, 2 Park Rd, Grafton Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Reuben McGregor
- University of Auckland, 2 Park Rd, Grafton Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Georgia Williams
- Pacific Clinical Research Network, 1289 Haupapa St, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand
| | - Maia Brewerton
- Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand and Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand; Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Auckland City Hospital, 2 Park Rd, Grafton Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Katie Gell
- Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand and Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - James Ussher
- Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand and University of Otago, 362 Leith St, Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
| | - Graham Le Gros
- Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand and Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
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Alhamar G, Maddaloni E, Al Shukry A, Al‐Sabah S, Al‐Haddad M, Al‐Youha S, Jamal M, Almazeedi S, Al‐Shammari AA, Abu‐Farha M, Abubaker J, Alattar AT, AlOzairi E, Alessandri F, D’Onofrio L, Leto G, Mastroianni CM, Mignogna C, Pascarella G, Pugliese F, Ali H, Al Mulla F, Buzzetti R, Pozzilli P. Development of a clinical risk score to predict death in patients with COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3526. [PMID: 35262260 PMCID: PMC9087367 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To build a clinical risk score to aid risk stratification among hospitalised COVID-19 patients. METHODS The score was built using data of 417 consecutive COVID-19 in patients from Kuwait. Risk factors for COVID-19 mortality were identified by multivariate logistic regressions and assigned weighted points proportional to their beta coefficient values. A final score was obtained for each patient and tested against death to calculate an Receiver-operating characteristic curve. Youden's index was used to determine the cut-off value for death prediction risk. The score was internally validated using another COVID-19 Kuwaiti-patient cohort of 923 patients. External validation was carried out using 178 patients from the Italian CoViDiab cohort. RESULTS Deceased COVID-19 patients more likely showed glucose levels of 7.0-11.1 mmol/L (34.4%, p < 0.0001) or >11.1 mmol/L (44.3%, p < 0.0001), and comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension compared to those who survived (39.3% vs. 20.4% [p = 0.0027] and 45.9% vs. 26.6% [p = 0.0036], respectively). The risk factors for in-hospital mortality in the final model were gender, nationality, asthma, and glucose categories (<5.0, 5.5-6.9, 7.0-11.1, or 11.1 > mmol/L). A score of ≥5.5 points predicted death with 75% sensitivity and 86.3% specificity (area under the curve (AUC) 0.901). Internal validation resulted in an AUC of 0.826, and external validation showed an AUC of 0.687. CONCLUSION This clinical risk score was built with easy-to-collect data and had good probability of predicting in-hospital death among COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadeer Alhamar
- Endocrinology & Diabetes UnitCampus Biomedico University of RomeRomeItaly
- Dasman Diabetes InstituteKuwait CityKuwait
| | - Ernesto Maddaloni
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Abdullah Al Shukry
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck SurgeryJaber Al‐Ahmad HospitalMinistry of HealthSafatKuwait
| | - Salman Al‐Sabah
- COVID‐19 Research GroupJaber Al‐Ahmad Al‐Sabah HospitalKuwait CityKuwait
- College of MedicineKuwait UniversityKuwait CityKuwait
| | - Mohannad Al‐Haddad
- COVID‐19 Research GroupJaber Al‐Ahmad Al‐Sabah HospitalKuwait CityKuwait
| | - Sarah Al‐Youha
- COVID‐19 Research GroupJaber Al‐Ahmad Al‐Sabah HospitalKuwait CityKuwait
| | - Mohammed Jamal
- COVID‐19 Research GroupJaber Al‐Ahmad Al‐Sabah HospitalKuwait CityKuwait
- College of MedicineKuwait UniversityKuwait CityKuwait
| | - Sulaiman Almazeedi
- COVID‐19 Research GroupJaber Al‐Ahmad Al‐Sabah HospitalKuwait CityKuwait
| | - Abdullah A. Al‐Shammari
- Dasman Diabetes InstituteKuwait CityKuwait
- Department of MathematicsKuwait University College of ScienceSafatKuwait
| | | | | | - Abdulnabi T. Alattar
- Dasman Diabetes InstituteKuwait CityKuwait
- Diabetes UnitAl‐Amiri HospitalMinistry of HealthSafatKuwait
| | | | | | - Luca D’Onofrio
- Umberto I “Policlinico” General HospitalSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Gaetano Leto
- Santa Maria Goretti HospitalPolo Pontino Sapienza UniversityLatinaItaly
| | | | - Carmen Mignogna
- Umberto I “Policlinico” General HospitalSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Giuseppe Pascarella
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain ManagementCampus Bio‐Medico University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Francesco Pugliese
- Umberto I “Policlinico” General HospitalSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Hamad Ali
- Dasman Diabetes InstituteKuwait CityKuwait
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesHealth Sciences CenterKuwait UniversityKuwait CityKuwait
| | | | | | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Endocrinology & Diabetes UnitCampus Biomedico University of RomeRomeItaly
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Nugraha J, Permatasari CA, Fitriah M, Tambunan BA, Fuadi MR. Kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses post complete vaccination with coronavac: A prospective study in 50 health workers. J Public Health Res 2022; 11:22799036221104173. [PMID: 35966047 PMCID: PMC9373131 DOI: 10.1177/22799036221104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 pandemic causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and requires rapid
action. The development of effective safe vaccines become a global priority
for achieving herd immunity. Vaccination is expected to form specific
antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein which can neutralize the
virus, preventing the virus from binding with ACE 2 receptors. Objective: Evaluating and to know if there any differences of kinetics antibody levels
from recipient’s anti-IgG S-RBD and NAb with complete second dose CoronaVac
Vaccine, to determine the antibody response in preventing SARS-CoV-2. Method: A prospective-cohort study using observational analytics was conducted from
January-April 2021 at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. A total of 50 subjects
are healthcare workers who received two doses of CoronaVac. The IgG S-RBD
and NAb levels were measured on Maglumi 800 device (SNIBE, China).
Differences in IgG S-RBD and NAb levels before vaccination and after second
dose CoronaVac vaccination on 14th day, on 28th day, ware tested using
Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. Result: Mean values of IgG S-RBD and NAb have fluctuated. There was a significant
difference between IgG S-RBD and NAb levels on day-0 (0.090 vs 18.630;
p < 0.001) and day-28 (141.266 vs 116.640;
p = 0.037). The median value showed the IgG S-RBD level
on day-28 was much better than NAb value (141,266 v 116,640). Conclusion: CoronaVac will form persistent antibodies. Despite antibody development, the
acquired humoral immunity decreased at 28 days after full CoronaVac
immunization. Kinetics of antibody NAb decreased more rapidly than IgG
S-RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jusak Nugraha
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Cynthia Ayu Permatasari
- Clinical Pathology Specialization Program, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Munawaroh Fitriah
- Clinical Pathology Sub-Specialization Program, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Betty Agustina Tambunan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Robi'ul Fuadi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Ma J, Cheng ZJ, Xue M, Huang H, Li S, Fang Y, Zeng Y, Lin R, Liang Z, Liang H, Deng Y, Cheng Y, Huang S, Wang Q, Niu X, Li S, Zheng P, Sun B. Investigation of Antibody Levels During Three Doses of Sinopharm/BBIBP Vaccine Inoculation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:913732. [PMID: 35812449 PMCID: PMC9256989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.913732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) after vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be detected using a variety of methods. A critical challenge is how to apply simple and accurate methods to assess vaccine effect. In a population inoculated with three doses of the inactivated Sinopharm/BBIBP vaccine, we assessed the performance of chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) in its implementation to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific antibodies, as well as the antibody kinetics of healthcare workers throughout the course of vaccination. The antibody levels of NAb, the receptor-binding-domain (RBD) antibodies and IgG peaked one month after the second and remained at a relatively high level for over three months after the booster injection, while IgM and IgA levels remained consistently low throughout the course of vaccination. The production of high-level neutralizing antibodies is more likely when the inoculation interval between the first two doses is within the range of one to two months, and that between the first and booster dose is within 230 days. CLIA showed excellent consistency and correlation between NAb, RBD, and IgG antibodies with the cytopathic effect (CPE) conventional virus neutralization test (VNT). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the optimal cut-off levels of NAb, RBD and IgG were 61.77 AU/ml, 37.86 AU/ml and 4.64 AU/ml, with sensitivity of 0.833, 0.796 and 0.944, and specificity of 0.768, 0.750 and 0.625, respectively, which can be utilized as reliable indicators of COVID-19 vaccination immunity detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangkai J. Cheng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshan Xue
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyun Li
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting Fang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Zeng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runpei Lin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiman Liang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Liang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Deng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyi Cheng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Huang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Niu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Baoqing Sun, ; Peiyan Zheng, ; Siping Li, ; Xuefeng Niu,
| | - Siping Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Dongguan Eighth People’s Hospital, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Baoqing Sun, ; Peiyan Zheng, ; Siping Li, ; Xuefeng Niu,
| | - Peiyan Zheng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Baoqing Sun, ; Peiyan Zheng, ; Siping Li, ; Xuefeng Niu,
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Baoqing Sun, ; Peiyan Zheng, ; Siping Li, ; Xuefeng Niu,
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Teran-Tinedo JR, Gonzalez-Rubio J, Najera A, Castany-Faro A, Contreras MDLN, Garcia IM, Lopez-Mellado L, Lorente-Gonzalez M, Perez-Garvin P, Sacristan-Crespo G, Suarez-Ortiz M, Navarro-Lopez JD, Jimenez-Diaz L, Landete P. Clinical characteristics and respiratory care in hospitalized vaccinated SARS-CoV-2 patients. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101453. [PMID: 35611064 PMCID: PMC9121909 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of the present study was to analyze both clinical characteristics and evolution during hospitalization of a cohort of patients admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia who were not vaccinated, or with a complete or incomplete vaccination schedule. METHODS This COVID-19 specialized single-center cohort study of 1888 COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the "Enfermera Isabel Zendal" Emergencies Hospital (HEEIZ), Madrid (Spain) was performed between July 1 and September 30, 2021. It compared the results of 1327 hospitalized unvaccinated patients to 209 hospitalized fully vaccinated and 352 hospitalized partially vaccinated patients. The four different COVID-19 vaccines authorized in Spain during the time-period studied were: BNT162b2 (Pfizer); ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca), mRNA-1273 (Moderna); Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen). FINDINGS Hospitalized patients' median age was 41 years (IQR 33-50) for the unvaccinated and 61 years (IQR 53-67) for the fully vaccinated ones. The main comorbidities were obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. 20% of unvaccinated patients (266) required noninvasive respiratory care, as did 14% (51) of partially and 14% (30) of fully vaccinated; 6% (78) of the unvaccinated patients also needed invasive respiratory care, as did 5% (16) of partially and 11 (5%) fully vaccinated. INTERPRETATION Fully vaccinated patients were 84% (95% CI: 82-86%) less likely to be admitted to hospital, and protection rose for those aged <50 years. Once hospitalized, vaccinated patients displayed more protection against requiring respiratory care than unvaccinated ones, despite being older and having more comorbidities. No differences appeared for the four studied COVID-19 vaccines and complying with vaccination recommendations proved relevant. FUNDING The research was funded by the "Plan Propio de Investigación" Program of the Castilla-La Mancha University /European Regional Development Fund (2021-GRIN-31,039).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rafael Teran-Tinedo
- Respiratory intermediate Care Unit, “Enfermera Isabel Zendal” Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Pneumology Service, General Universitary Hospital “Gregorio Marañón”, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Rubio
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Centre for Regional Biomedical Reserch (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Spain
| | - Alberto Najera
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Centre for Regional Biomedical Reserch (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Spain
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Andrea Castany-Faro
- Admission Service, “Enfermera Isabel Zendal” Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Maria Garcia
- Nursering Management, “Enfermera Isabel Zendal” Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Pneumology Service. Hospital Universitario "La Paz", Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Lorente-Gonzalez
- Respiratory intermediate Care Unit, “Enfermera Isabel Zendal” Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel Suarez-Ortiz
- Respiratory intermediate Care Unit, “Enfermera Isabel Zendal” Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D Navarro-Lopez
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Centre for Regional Biomedical Reserch (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Spain
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Lydia Jimenez-Diaz
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Centre for Regional Biomedical Reserch (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Spain
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Pedro Landete
- Respiratory intermediate Care Unit, “Enfermera Isabel Zendal” Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pneumology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author at: Respiratory intermediate Care Unit, “Enfermera Isabel Zendal” Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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Farid E, Herrera-Uribe J, Stevenson NJ. The Effect of Age, Gender and Comorbidities Upon SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Induction After Two Doses of Sinopharm Vaccine and the Effect of a Pfizer/BioNtech Booster Vaccine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817597. [PMID: 35711448 PMCID: PMC9197101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 emerged in China in 2019 and has since travelled the world infecting millions. SARS-CoV-2 causes Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), that has to date taken over 4 million lives. The Kingdom of Bahrain’s vaccine roll-out has consisted of Sinopharm’s BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) and Pfizer/BioNtech’s BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNtech). Testing for SARS-CoV-2 anti-Spike (S) antibodies is a useful technique in estimating an individual’s immune protection against the infection. In this study we evaluated S antibody levels by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay in 379 individuals double vaccinated with Sinopharm and 15 of whom were given a booster with the Pfizer/BioNtech vaccine. Among our double vaccinated cohort, we found a spectrum of S antibody levels. Indeed, we found that a significant proportion of individuals with low S antibody levels had clinical conditions, which were mainly immune-related disorders. Furthermore, a significant proportion of individuals with low S antibody levels were above 50 years of age. Finally, we observed a significant increase in S antibody levels after the Pfizer/BioNtech booster was administered. These findings reveal that while a large proportion of Sinopharm vaccinated individuals did not develop high levels of antibodies against the S protein, a booster dose of the Pfizer/BioNtech vaccine significantly enhances S antibody levels, revealing this “triple dose” vaccination strategy as a useful method of ensuring protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Farid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Pathology, Salmanyia Medical Complex, Government Hospital, Manama, Bahrain
- Laboratory Department, Al Salam Specialist Hospital, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - Juber Herrera-Uribe
- Viral Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nigel J. Stevenson
- Viral Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Viral Immunology Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Medical College of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
- *Correspondence: Nigel J. Stevenson,
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Jatoi HN, Abbas S, Abbasi MS, Tauni MA, Ghazanfar S, Zafar Malick MD, Umar MF, Tahir MJ, Asghar MS, Ahmed A. BNT162b2 vaccine considerations for immunocompromised individuals: A global perspective. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 78:103796. [PMID: 35603097 PMCID: PMC9110302 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of COVID-19 vaccines, individuals with comorbidities and immunosuppression require particular attention and should be prioritized for vaccination. However, the majority of vaccine clinical trials excluded people with comorbidities, resulting in a lack of data regarding vaccine efficacy in this demographic. Along with more inclusivity in clinical trials, reaching a definitive conclusion regarding vaccine efficacy in these patients is also crucial. In our review, we highlight the BNT162b2 vaccine safety and efficacy based on the limited number of clinical trials which included this demographic. We also provide vaccine considerations for individuals with cancer, autoimmune diseases, HIV, obesity, diabetes, organ transplant recipients and those undergoing maintenance haemodialysis to help them govern their decision regarding vaccine administration. In conclusion, further studies are required to alleviate any insecurities in patients with comorbidities regarding vaccination and it is recommended that patients are monitored post-vaccination to make sure sufficient immunity is achieved. With the emergence of COVID-19 vaccines, individuals with comorbidities and immunosuppression should be prioritized for vaccination. In our review, we highlight the BNT162b2 vaccine safety and efficacy in immunocompromised individuals. Further studies are required to alleviate any insecurities in patients with comorbidities regarding vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Muhammad Sohaib Asghar
- Dow University of Health Sciences–Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
- Corresponding author. B328, Block 6, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, 75300, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness at a Referral Hospital in Northern Peru: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050812. [PMID: 35632567 PMCID: PMC9143947 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have achieved a significant reduction in mortality, yet objective estimates are needed in specific settings. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination at a referral hospital in Lambayeque, Peru. We conducted a retrospective cohort study from February to September 2021. We included hospitalized patients with COVID-19, whose data were stored in NotiWeb, a patient data system of the Peruvian Ministry of Health. We applied a propensity score-weighting method according to baseline characteristics of patients, and estimated hazard ratios (HR) using Cox regression models. Of 1553 participants, the average age was 55 years (SD: 16.8), 907 (58%) were male, and 592 (38%) deceased at 28-day follow-up. Before hospital admission, 74 (4.8%) had been immunized with at least one vaccine dose. Effectiveness against death in vaccinated patients was 50% at 90-day follow-up (weighted HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28–0.89). Our results support the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination against death and provide information after early immunization in Peru.
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50
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Association of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Titers after the BNT162b2 Vaccine among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Hospital in Japan. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050776. [PMID: 35632532 PMCID: PMC9148122 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hyperglycemia can alter the activation of innate and acquired immunity, but epidemiological evidence linking hyperglycemia to post-vaccination immunogenicity is limited. Objective: To examine the association between SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody titers after the COVID-19 vaccine and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes. Methods: Participants were 953 health care workers aged 21−75 years who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies and underwent a health checkup two months after their second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. IFG was defined as a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of 100−125 mg/dL, and diabetes was defined as an FPG level ≥ 126 mg/dL or being under medical care for diabetes. Multivariable linear regression was used to calculate the ratio of the mean. Result: Spike IgG antibody titers were lower in the presence of hyperglycemia; the ratios of the means (95% CI) were 1.00, 0.79 (0.60−1.04), and 0.60 (0.42−0.87) for individuals with normoglycemia, IFG, and diabetes, respectively (p trend < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline regression analysis showed that IgG spike antibody titers decreased linearly with increasing concentrations of FPG. Conclusion: Diabetes and, to a lesser extent, IFG may be associated with poor humoral immune response after BNT162b2 vaccination.
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