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Marcos-Villar L, Perdiguero B, López-Bravo M, Zamora C, Sin L, Álvarez E, Sorzano CÓS, Sánchez-Cordón PJ, Casasnovas JM, Astorgano D, García-Arriaza J, Anthiya S, Borrajo ML, Lou G, Cuesta B, Franceschini L, Gelpí JL, Thielemans K, Sisteré-Oró M, Meyerhans A, García F, Esteban I, López-Bigas N, Plana M, Alonso MJ, Esteban M, Gómez CE. Heterologous mRNA/MVA delivering trimeric-RBD as effective vaccination regimen against SARS-CoV-2: COVARNA Consortium. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2387906. [PMID: 39087555 PMCID: PMC11313003 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2387906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite the high efficiency of current SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, waning immunity and the emergence of resistant variants underscore the need for novel vaccination strategies. This study explores a heterologous mRNA/Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) prime/boost regimen employing a trimeric form of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein compared to a homologous MVA/MVA regimen. In C57BL/6 mice, the RBD was delivered during priming via an mRNA vector encapsulated in nanoemulsions (NE) or lipid nanoparticles (LNP), followed by a booster with a replication-deficient MVA-based recombinant virus (MVA-RBD). This heterologous mRNA/MVA regimen elicited strong anti-RBD binding and neutralizing antibodies (BAbs and NAbs) against both the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain and different variants of concern (VoCs). Additionally, this protocol induced robust and polyfunctional RBD-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, particularly in animals primed with mLNP-RBD. In K18-hACE2 transgenic mice, the LNP-RBD/MVA combination provided complete protection from morbidity and mortality following a live SARS-CoV-2 challenge compared with the partial protection observed with mNE-RBD/MVA or MVA/MVA regimens. Although the mNE-RBD/MVA regimen only protects half of the animals, it was able to induce antibodies with Fc-mediated effector functions besides NAbs. Moreover, viral replication and viral load in the respiratory tract were markedly reduced and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were observed. These results support the efficacy of heterologous mRNA/MVA vaccine combinations over homologous MVA/MVA regimen, using alternative nanocarriers that circumvent intellectual property restrictions of current mRNA vaccine formulations.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- Mice
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Vaccinia virus/genetics
- Vaccinia virus/immunology
- Humans
- Female
- Nanoparticles/administration & dosage
- Vaccination
- mRNA Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Mice, Transgenic
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/immunology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Liposomes
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marcos-Villar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Perdiguero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Zamora
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Álvarez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pedro J. Sánchez-Cordón
- Veterinary Pathology Department, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Astorgano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Shubaash Anthiya
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mireya L. Borrajo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gustavo Lou
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Belén Cuesta
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Franceschini
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Josep L. Gelpí
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marta Sisteré-Oró
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe García
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic, UB,Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Esteban
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria López-Bigas
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Plana
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J. Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Elena Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Liu X, Li Z, Li X, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Su W, Feng Y, Liu Y, Wu W, Sun X, Wang N, Ye X, Zhou Z, Liu W, He J, Wang W, Qu L, Zhou R, Chen L, Feng L. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies protect against human adenovirus type 55 infection in transgenic mice and tree shrews. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2307513. [PMID: 38240267 PMCID: PMC10836490 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2307513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Re-emerging human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV55) has become a significant threat to public health due to its widespread circulation and the association with severe pneumonia, but an effective anti-HAdV55 agent remains unavailable. Herein, we report the generation of macaque-derived, human-like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) protecting against HAdV55 infection with high potency. Using fluorophore-labelled HAdV55 virions as probes, we isolated specific memory B cells from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that were immunized twice with an experimental vaccine based on E1-, E3-deleted, replication-incompetent HAdV55. We cloned a total of 19 neutralizing mAbs, nine of which showed half-maximal inhibitory concentrations below 1.0 ng/ml. These mAbs recognized the hyper-variable-region (HVR) 1, 2, or 7 of viral hexon protein, or the fibre knob. In transgenic mice expressing human desmoglein-2, the major cellular receptor for HAdV55, a single intraperitoneal injection with hexon-targeting mAbs efficiently prevented HAdV55 infection, and mAb 29C12 showed protection at a dose as low as 0.004 mg/kg. Fibre-targeting mAb 28E8, however, showed protection only at a dose up to 12.5 mg/kg. In tree shrews that are permissive for HAdV55 infection and disease, mAb 29C12 effectively prevented HAdV55-caused pneumonia. Further analysis revealed that fibre-targeting mAbs blocked the attachment of HAdV55 to host cells, whereas hexon-targeting mAbs, regardless of their targeting HVRs, mainly functioned at post-attachment stage via inhibiting viral endosomal escape. Our results indicate that hexon-targeting mAbs have great anti-HAdV55 activities and warrant pre-clinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Feng
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xikui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianmiao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linbing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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3
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Zou R, Zhou Y, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang N, Liu J, Zhang Y, Fu Y. Preparation, pungency and bioactivity transduction of piperine from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.): A comprehensive review. Food Chem 2024; 456:139980. [PMID: 38850607 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Piperine, derived from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), is responsible for the pungent sensation. The diverse bioactivities of piperine underscores its promising potential as a functional food ingredient. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the research progress in extraction, synthesis, pungency transduction mechanism and bioactivities of piperine. Piperine can be extracted through various methods, such as traditional, modern, and innovative extraction techniques. Its synthesis mainly included both chemical and biosynthetic approaches. It exhibits a diverse range of bioactivities, including anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-obesity, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and cardiovascular protective activities. Piperine can bind to TRPV1 receptor to elicit pungent sensation. Overall, the present review can provide a theoretical reference for advancing the potential application of piperine in the field of food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Zou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuhao Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yujia Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuchen Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China.
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4
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Yin R, Wu J, Nagai K, Mori T, Ono A, Wang J, Kawagishi H, Hirai H. Biodegradation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug loxoprofen by a hyper lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 under non-ligninolytic conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143265. [PMID: 39236927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Loxoprofen has been widely used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug globally and it can also persist in the environment. Although it is known to be a non-toxic drug, its presence may still pose a potential risk to organisms in the environment. Here, the hyper lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 was used to study the degradation of loxoprofen. This fungus showed excellent loxoprofen biodegradation ability with 90.4% and 93.4% after one day of incubation at lower concentrations of 0.01 and 0.005 mM, respectively. And at a higher concentration of 0.1 mM, a significant removal of 94.2% was also observed after 10 days of incubation. In this study, four metabolites were isolated and determined by HR-ESI-MS and NMR. Furthermore, LC/MS analysis suggested the presence of intermediate hydroxy loxoprofen. In addition, loxoprofen-OH was also identified as a metabolite of loxoprofen through comparison with the synthesized compounds. In this metabolism of loxoprofen, cytochrome P450 may play a significant role. Interestingly, P. sordida YK-624 showed enantioselectivity in the degradation process of loxoprofen. By these results, three degradation pathways of loxoprofen by P. sordida YK-624 were hypothesized. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the potential degradation mechanisms of loxoprofen by a white-rot fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Yin
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Jing Wu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute for Mushroom Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nagai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Toshi Mori
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute for Mushroom Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Akiko Ono
- Research Institute for Mushroom Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Faculty of Global Interdisciplinary Science and Innovation, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Jianqiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hirokazu Kawagishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute for Mushroom Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hirai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute for Mushroom Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Faculty of Global Interdisciplinary Science and Innovation, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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5
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Qi L, Deep A, Fox J, Yii M, Rahman M, Myint M, Myat H, Thet Z. A scoping review on adult patients with de novo glomerular diseases following COVID-19 infection or vaccine. Int Urol Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s11255-024-04189-0. [PMID: 39225763 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-04189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are increasing reports of glomerular disease (GD) following COVID-19 infection and vaccination. Current evidence on the possible link between COVID-19 infection or vaccination and GD is conflicting. OBJECTIVE The present study undertakes a scoping review of research to describe the relationship between COVID-19 infection and vaccination with GD and the common management strategies and overall outcomes of the disease to identify knowledge gaps and guide further research. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA All original research studies published in English until 5th September 2022 were considered for inclusion in the review. Exclusion criteria were animal studies, autopsy studies, and data involving patients who were paediatric patients (< 16 years), were transplant recipients, had a recurrence of glomerular disease, had concomitant cancer or non-COVID-19 infection which may cause glomerular disease, or did not receive a renal biopsy. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE The five electronic databases searched were MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane. METHODS Two separate search strings related to COVID-19, and glomerular disease were combined using the Boolean operator 'AND'. Filters were used to limit publications to original research studies published in English. Search results from each database were imported into Covidence software ( www.covidence.org ) and used for de-duplication, article screening, and data extraction. Descriptive analyses were used to summarise demographics, diagnoses, and treatment outcomes. RESULTS After removing duplicates, 6853 titles and abstracts were screened. Of the 188 studies included, 106 studies described 341 patients with GD following COVID-19 infection and 82 described 146 patients with GD following a COVID-19 vaccination. IgA nephropathy was the most common GD pathology reported following COVID-19 vaccination with GD most common following mRNA vaccines. Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the most common GD following COVID-19 infection. Immunosuppressive treatment of GD was more common in the vaccine cohort than in the infection cohort. CONCLUSION Despite the significant number of COVID-19 infections and vaccinations around the world, our understanding of GD associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccination remains poor, and more research is needed to understand the possible relationship better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Qi
- Department of Medicine, Prince Charles Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Chermside, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aman Deep
- Department of Nephrology, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Jordan Fox
- The University of Queensland Rural Clinical School, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Yii
- Department of Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, South Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Muhammad Rahman
- The University of Queensland Rural Clinical School, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Mar Myint
- K & K Kidney Health, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Htoo Myat
- Department of Medicine, Canberra Hospital, Canberra Hospital and Health Service, Garran, ACT, Australia
| | - Zaw Thet
- Department of Nephrology, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia.
- K & K Kidney Health, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia.
- The University of Queensland Rural Clinical School, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia.
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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6
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Killer A, Gliga S, Massion P, Ackermann C, De Angelis C, Flasshove C, Freise N, Lübke N, Timm J, Eberhardt KA, Bode J, Jensen BEO, Luedde T, Orth HM, Feldt T. Trajectories and predictive significance of inflammatory parameters for clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients treated with tocilizumab. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02375-x. [PMID: 39210228 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The IL-6 receptor inhibitor tocilizumab reduces mortality and morbidity in severe cases of COVID-19 through its effects on hyperinflammation and was approved as adjuvant therapy. Since tocilizumab changes the levels of inflammatory markers, we aimed to describe these changes in patients treated with tocilizumab, analyse their value in predicting death and bacterial superinfection and determine their influence on mortality rates. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 76 patients who were treated with tocilizumab for severe COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021 was conducted. Inflammatory markers (IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin) were documented before and up to seven days after tocilizumab administration. RESULTS The overall mortality was 25% and 53.8% in patients who required invasive respiratory support. Deceased patients had higher baseline IL-6 (p = 0.026) and peak IL-6 levels after tocilizumab vs those who survived (p < 0.0001). A peak IL-6 value > 1000 pg/dl after tocilizumab administration was a good predictor of mortality (AUC = 0.812). Of the deceased patients 41.1% had a renewed CRP increase after an initial decrease following tocilizumab administration, compared to 7.1% of the surviving patients (p = 0.0011). Documented bacterial superinfections were observed in 35.5% (27/76) of patients, of whom 48.1% (13/27) died. CONCLUSION CRP-decline and IL-6 increase after tocilizumab treatment occurs regularly. An increase of IL-6 levels exceeding tenfold of baseline IL-6 levels, an absolute peak of 1000 pg/ml or a renewed increase of CRP are associated with higher mortality. Suppressed CRP synthesis can impede the diagnosis of bacterial superinfections, thus increasing the risk for complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Killer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Smaranda Gliga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Pascal Massion
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carla Ackermann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Clara De Angelis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Charlotte Flasshove
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Noemi Freise
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Lübke
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and I. Dep. of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Bode
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn-Erik Ole Jensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Martin Orth
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Torsten Feldt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Uematsu T, Takai-Todaka R, Haga K, Kobayashi H, Imajima M, Kobayashi N, Katayama K, Hanaki H. Pharmacological effect of cepharanthine on SARS-CoV-2-induced disease in a Syrian hamster model. J Infect Chemother 2024:S1341-321X(24)00237-X. [PMID: 39197667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a global public health threat. Although several effective vaccines and therapeutics have been developed, continuous emergence of new variants necessitates development of drugs with different mechanisms of action. Recent studies indicate that cepharanthine, a chemical derivative purified from Stephania cepharantha, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. METHODS This study examined the in vivo effects of cepharanthine using a Syrian hamster SARS-CoV-2 infection model. To evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic effects, cepharanthine was intranasally administered before or after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Effects were assessed by monitoring body weight changes, lung pathology, lung viral load, and inflammatory response in the lungs. RESULTS Pre-infection administration of cepharanthine resulted in less weight loss, reduced virus titers, alleviated histopathological severity, and decreased lung inflammation. Furthermore, post-infection administration of cepharanthine also exhibited therapeutic effects. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that both prophylactic and therapeutic administration of cepharanthine reduces the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in a Syrian hamster SARS-CoV-2 infection model. Our findings suggest that cepharanthine is a potential therapeutic agent against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Uematsu
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Reiko Takai-Todaka
- Laboratory of Viral Infection Control, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kei Haga
- Laboratory of Viral Infection Control, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Kobayashi
- Tokyo New Drug Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Business Unit, Kowa Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Makiko Imajima
- Tokyo New Drug Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Business Unit, Kowa Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Noritada Kobayashi
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection Control, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Hanaki
- Infection Control Research Center, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Blazhynska M, Lagardère L, Liu C, Adjoua O, Ren P, Piquemal JP. Water-glycan interactions drive the SARS-CoV-2 spike dynamics: insights into glycan-gate control and camouflage mechanisms. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04364b. [PMID: 39220162 PMCID: PMC11359970 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04364b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
To develop therapeutic strategies against COVID-19, we introduce a high-resolution all-atom polarizable model capturing many-body effects of protein, glycan, solvent, and membrane components in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein open and closed states. Employing μs-long molecular dynamics simulations powered by high-performance cloud-computing and unsupervised density-driven adaptive sampling, we investigated the differences in bulk-solvent-glycan and protein-solvent-glycan interfaces between these states. We unraveled a sophisticated solvent-glycan polarization interaction network involving the N165/N343 glycan-gate patterns that provide structural support for the open state and identified key water molecules that could potentially be targeted to destabilize this configuration. In the closed state, the reduced solvent polarization diminishes the overall N165/N343 dipoles, yet internal interactions and a reorganized sugar coat stabilize this state. Despite variations, our glycan-solvent accessibility analysis reveals the glycan shield capability to conserve constant interactions with the solvent, effectively camouflaging the virus from immune detection in both states. The presented insights advance our comprehension of viral pathogenesis at an atomic level, offering potential to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Blazhynska
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7616 CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Louis Lagardère
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7616 CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Chengwen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin Texas 78712 USA
- Qubit Pharmaceuticals 75014 Paris France
| | - Olivier Adjoua
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7616 CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Jean-Philip Piquemal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7616 CNRS 75005 Paris France
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9
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Xu YL, Li XJ, Cai W, Yu WY, Chen J, Lee Q, Choi YJ, Wu F, Lou YJ, Ying HZ, Yu CH, Wu QF. Diosmetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Pogostemonis Herba alleviated SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia by reshaping macrophage polarization and limiting viral replication. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 336:118704. [PMID: 39182703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Viral pneumonia is the leading cause of death after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite effective at early stage, long-term treatment with glucocorticoids can lead to a variety of adverse effects and limited benefits. The Chinese traditional herb Pogostemonis Herba is the aerial part of Pogostemon Cablin (Blanco) Benth., which has potent antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. It was used widely for treating various throat and respiratory diseases, including COVID-19, viral infection, cough, allergic asthma, acute lung injury and lung cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of chemical compounds from Pogostemonis Herba in SARS-CoV-2-infected hACE2-overexpressing mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells and hACE2 transgenic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hACE2-overexpressing RAW264.7 cells were exposed with SARS-CoV-2. The cell viability was detected by CCK8 assay and cell apoptotic rate was by flow cytometric assay. The expressions of macrophage M1 phenotype markers (TNF-α and IL-6) and M2 markers (IL-10 and Arg-1) as well as the viral loads were detected by qPCR. The mice were inoculated intranasally with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant to induce viral pneumonia. The levels of macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells in the lung tissues of infected mice were analyzed by full spectrum flow cytometry. The expressions of key proteins were detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS Diosmetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (DG) presented the strongest anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Intervention with DG at the concentrations of 0.625-2.5 μM not only reduced the viral replication, cell apoptosis, and the productions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in SARS-CoV-2-infected RAW264.7 cells, but also reversed macrophage polarity from M1 to M2 phenotype. Furthermore, treatment with DG (25-100 mg/kg) alleviated acute lung injury, and reduced macrophage infiltration in SARS-COV-2-infected mice. Mechanistically, DG inhibited SARS-COV-2 gene expression and HK3 translation via targeting YTHDF1, resulting in the inactivation of glycolysis-mediated NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS DG exerted the potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. It reduced pneumonia in SARS-COV-2-infected mice via inhibiting the viral replication and accelerating M2 macrophage polarization via targeting YTHDF1, indicating its potential for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xue-Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China; Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wei Cai
- College of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315500, China
| | - Wen-Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qin Lee
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Ying-Jun Lou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Hua-Zhong Ying
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Qiao-Feng Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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10
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Zhang T, Li T, Zhao F, Li T, Zhang M, Jin P. Effectiveness of seven oral traditional Chinese medicines against mild or moderate COVID-19: An updated systematic review and network meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35081. [PMID: 39170141 PMCID: PMC11336365 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. As a highly infectious epidemic, SARS-CoV-2 rapidly evolves. Presently, COVID-19 coexists with humans, mainly with mild or moderate disease. The latest Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 (trial version of the 10th Edition) recommend several oral traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) for treatment. This study aims to evaluate the evidence-based benefits of these TCMs as adjunctive therapies to conventional western medicine (CWM) for patients with mild or moderate COVID-19. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, utilizing the PRISMA checklist. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, and Wan-Fang databases to retrieve randomized controlled trials and retrospective cohort studies of TCM in combination with CWM on the treatment of mild or moderate COVID-19 that were published as of December 25, 2023. A network meta-analysis using the frequency model was employed to evaluate the benefits of different interventions. Results A total of 30 eligible studies, enrolling 4144 participants, utilized 7 marketed oral TCMs in China. Compared with CWM alone, the integration of TCMs with CWM can significantly reduce severe conversion rate. This combined approach also enhances the clinical effective rate, shortens the negative conversion time of nucleic acid, and improves both symptoms and blood biochemical markers in patients. The network meta-analysis provided preliminary evidence of the superiority of specific TCMs for various outcomes: Qingfei Paidu for raising the CT improvement rate and clinical effective rate, and shortening the negative conversion time of nucleic acid; Huashi Baidu for reducing severe conversion and improving cough; Xuanfei Baidu for improving fatigue; Jinhua Qinggan for improving fever; Lianhua Qingwen for shortening the recovery time of fatigue and cough; and Shufeng Jiedu for shortening the recovery time of fever. Conclusions TCM in combination with CWM may be beneficial for patients with mild or moderate COVID-19. Each TCM may have distinct benefits in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Tongzhou Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing, 100730, PR China
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11
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Agafina A, Aguiar VC, Rossovskaya M, Fartoukh MS, Hajjar LA, Thiéry G, Timsit JF, Gordeev I, Protsenko D, Carbone J, Pellegrini R, Stadnik CMB, Avdeev S, Ferrer M, Heinz CC, Häder T, Langohr P, Bobenhausen I, Schüttrumpf J, Staus A, Ruehle M, Weissmüller S, Wartenburg-Demand A, Torres A. Efficacy and safety of trimodulin in patients with severe COVID-19: results from a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre, phase II trial (ESsCOVID). Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:418. [PMID: 39138518 PMCID: PMC11321023 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-02008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimodulin (human polyvalent immunoglobulin [Ig] M ~ 23%, IgA ~ 21%, IgG ~ 56% preparation) has previously been associated with a lower mortality rate in a subpopulation of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and with clear signs of inflammation. The hypothesis for the ESsCOVID trial was that trimodulin may prevent inflammation-driven progression of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to critical disease or even death. METHODS Adults with severe COVID-19 were randomised to receive intravenous infusions of trimodulin or placebo for 5 consecutive days in addition to standard of care. The primary efficacy endpoint was a composite of clinical deterioration (Days 6-29) and 28-day all-cause mortality (Days 1-29). RESULTS One-hundred-and-sixty-six patients received trimodulin (n = 84) or placebo (n = 82). Thirty-three patients died, nine during the treatment phase. Overall, 84.9% and 76.5% of patients completed treatment and follow-up, respectively. The primary efficacy endpoint was reported in 33.3% of patients on trimodulin and 34.1% of patients on placebo (P = 0.912). No differences were observed in the proportion of patients recovered on Day 29, days of invasive mechanical ventilation, or intensive care unit-free days. Rates of treatment-emergent adverse events were comparable. A post hoc analysis was conducted in patients with early systemic inflammation by excluding those with high CRP (> 150 mg/L) and/or D-dimer (≥ 3 mg/L) and/or low platelet counts (< 130 × 109/L) at baseline. Forty-seven patients in the trimodulin group and 49 in the placebo group met these criteria. A difference of 15.5 percentage points in clinical deterioration and mortality was observed in favour of trimodulin (95% confidence interval: -4.46, 34.78; P = 0.096). CONCLUSION Although there was no difference in the primary outcome in the overall population, observations in a subgroup of patients with early systemic inflammation suggest that trimodulin may have potential in this setting that warrants further investigation. ESSCOVID WAS REGISTERED PROSPECTIVELY AT CLINICALTRIALS.GOV ON OCTOBER 6, 2020.: NCT04576728.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Muriel Sarah Fartoukh
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpital Tenon, and DMU APPROCHES, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Ludhmila Abrahao Hajjar
- Instituto Do Coração InCor, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jean-François Timsit
- Medical and Infectious Diseases ICU (M12) APHP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Javier Carbone
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Sergey Avdeev
- First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Miquel Ferrer
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CibeRes (CB06/06/0028) University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antoni Torres
- Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CibeRes (CB06/06/0028), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Du T, Sun Y, Wang X, Jiang T, Xu N, Boukhers Z, Grzegorzek M, Sun H, Li C. A non-enhanced CT-based deep learning diagnostic system for COVID-19 infection at high risk among lung cancer patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1444708. [PMID: 39188873 PMCID: PMC11345710 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1444708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumonia and lung cancer have a mutually reinforcing relationship. Lung cancer patients are prone to contracting COVID-19, with poorer prognoses. Additionally, COVID-19 infection can impact anticancer treatments for lung cancer patients. Developing an early diagnostic system for COVID-19 pneumonia can help improve the prognosis of lung cancer patients with COVID-19 infection. Method This study proposes a neural network for COVID-19 diagnosis based on non-enhanced CT scans, consisting of two 3D convolutional neural networks (CNN) connected in series to form two diagnostic modules. The first diagnostic module classifies COVID-19 pneumonia patients from other pneumonia patients, while the second diagnostic module distinguishes severe COVID-19 patients from ordinary COVID-19 patients. We also analyzed the correlation between the deep learning features of the two diagnostic modules and various laboratory parameters, including KL-6. Result The first diagnostic module achieved an accuracy of 0.9669 on the training set and 0.8884 on the test set, while the second diagnostic module achieved an accuracy of 0.9722 on the training set and 0.9184 on the test set. Strong correlation was observed between the deep learning parameters of the second diagnostic module and KL-6. Conclusion Our neural network can differentiate between COVID-19 pneumonia and other pneumonias on CT images, while also distinguishing between ordinary COVID-19 patients and those with white lung. Patients with white lung in COVID-19 have greater alveolar damage compared to ordinary COVID-19 patients, and our deep learning features can serve as an imaging biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Du
- College of Medicine and Biological information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yihao Sun
- College of Medicine and Biological information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinghao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Institute of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Xu
- School of Arts and Design, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, Liaoning, China
| | - Zeyd Boukhers
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology FIT, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Marcin Grzegorzek
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hongzan Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Medicine and Biological information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Islam MA, Pathak K, Saikia R, Pramanik P, Das A, Talukdar P, Shakya A, Ghosh SK, Singh UP, Bhat HR. An in-depth analysis of COVID-19 treatment: Present situation and prospects. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400307. [PMID: 39106224 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) the most contagious infection caused by the unique type of coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), produced a global pandemic that wreaked havoc on the health-care system, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Several methods were implemented to tackle the virus, including the repurposing of existing medications and the development of vaccinations. The purpose of this article is to provide a complete summary of the current state and future possibilities for COVID-19 therapies. We describe the many treatment classes, such as antivirals, immunomodulators, and monoclonal antibodies, that have been repurposed or developed to treat COVID-19. We also looked at the clinical evidence for these treatments, including findings from observational studies and randomized-controlled clinical trials, and highlighted the problems and limitations of the available evidence. Furthermore, we reviewed existing clinical trials and prospective COVID-19 therapeutic options, such as novel medication candidates and combination therapies. Finally, we discussed the long-term consequences of COVID-19 and the importance of ongoing research into the development of viable treatments. This review will help physicians, researchers, and policymakers to understand the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Pramanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Prasenjit Talukdar
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, DUIET, Dibrugarh, University, Assam, India
| | - Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Surajit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Udaya Pratap Singh
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hans Raj Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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14
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Jiang Y, Dou H, Wang X, Song T, Jia Y, Yue Y, Li L, He F, Kong L, Wu Z, Huang X, Liang Y, Jiao B, Jiao B. Analysis of seasonal H3N2 influenza virus epidemic characteristics and whole genome features in Jining City from 2018 to 2023. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29846. [PMID: 39138641 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal H3N2 influenza virus, known for its rapid evolution, poses a serious threat to human health. This study focuses on analyzing the influenza virus trends in Jining City (2018-2023) and understanding the evolving nature of H3N2 strains. Data on influenza-like cases were gathered from Jining City's sentinel hospitals: Jining First People's Hospital and Rencheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital, using the Chinese Influenza Surveillance Information System. Over the period from 2018 to 2023, 7844 throat swab specimens were assessed using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR for influenza virus nucleic acid detection. For cases positive for seasonal H3N2 influenza virus, virus isolation was followed by whole genome sequencing. Evolutionary trees were built for the eight gene segments, and protein variation analysis was performed. From 2018 to 2023, influenza-like cases in Jining City represented 6.99% (237 299/3 397 247) of outpatient visits, peaking in December and January. Influenza virus was detected in 15.67% (1229/7844) of cases, primarily from December to February. Notably, no cases were found in the 2020-2021 season. Full genome sequencing was conducted on 70 seasonal H3N2 strains, revealing distinct evolutionary branches across seasons. Significant antigenic site variations in the HA protein were noted. No resistance mutations to inhibitors were found, but some strains exhibited mutations in PA, NS1, PA-X, and PB1-F2. Influenza trends in Jining City saw significant shifts in the 2020-2021 and 2022-2023 seasons. Seasonal H3N2 exhibited rapid evolution. Sustained vigilance is imperative for vaccine updates and antiviral selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Jiang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Huixin Dou
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Tongyun Song
- Department of Laboratory, Rencheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Yongjian Jia
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Libo Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Feifei He
- Computer Information Technology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Lingming Kong
- Department of AI and Bioinformatics, Nanjing Chengshi BioTech (TheraRNA) Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Zengding Wu
- Department of AI and Bioinformatics, Nanjing Chengshi BioTech (TheraRNA) Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Xiankun Huang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Yumin Liang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Boyan Jiao
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Division of Nephrology, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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15
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Li X, Wang X, Du J, Bu X, Peng C, Duan X, Fu C. Applications of β-defensins against infectious pathogenic microorganisms. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38970163 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2377677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are polypeptides with potent antimicrobial activity against a broad range of pathogenic microorganisms. Unlike conventional antibiotics, AMPs have rapid bactericidal activity, a low capacity for inducing resistance, and compatibility with the host immune system. A large body of data supports the antimicrobial activities of a large body of data supports the antimicrobial activities of the class of AMPs known as β-defensins. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of β-defensins against various pathogenic microorganism: bacteria, fungi, viruses, Mycoplasmas and Chlamydiae. The primary mechanisms of β-defensins against pathogenic microorganisms include inhibition of biofilms formations, dissolution of membranes, disruption of cell walls, and inhibition of adhesion and receptor binding. Although further study and structural modifications are needed, β-defensins are promising candidates for antimicrobial therapy. AREAS COVERED This review describes the inhibitory effects of β-defensins on various pathogenic microorganisms. Additionally, we focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying their actions to provide, providing valuable references for the further study of β-defensins. EXPERT OPINION The biological activities and modes of action of β-defensins provide powerful resources for clinical microbial infection management. Addressing the salt sensitivity and toxicity of β-defensins may further enhance their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Li
- Infection and Microbiology Research Laboratory for Women and Children, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Dermatology, Dongying District Central Hospital of Dongying City, Dongying, PR China
| | - Jiajing Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiangzhen Bu
- Radiology Department, Dongying District People's Hospital of Dongying City, Dongying, PR China
| | - Chao Peng
- Dermatology, Dongying District Central Hospital of Dongying City, Dongying, PR China
| | - Ximeng Duan
- Infection and Microbiology Research Laboratory for Women and Children, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Chen Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
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16
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Murdocca M, Romeo I, Citro G, Latini A, Centofanti F, Bugatti A, Caccuri F, Caruso A, Ortuso F, Alcaro S, Sangiuolo F, Novelli G. A Dynamic and Effective Peptide-Based Strategy for Promptly Addressing Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:891. [PMID: 39065742 PMCID: PMC11279616 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic surveillance based on sequencing the entire genetic code of SARS-CoV-2 involves monitoring and studying genetic changes and variations in disease-causing organisms such as viruses and bacteria. By tracing the virus, it is possible to prevent epidemic spread in the community, ensuring a 'precision public health' strategy. A peptide-based design was applied to provide an efficacious strategy that is able to counteract any emerging viral variant of concern dynamically and promptly to affect the outcomes of a pandemic at an early stage while waiting for the production of the anti-variant-specific vaccine, which require longer times. The inhibition of the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and one of the cellular receptors (DPP4) that its receptors routinely bind to infect human cells is an intriguing therapeutic approach to prevent the virus from entering human cells. Among the other modalities developed for this purpose, peptides surely offer unique advantages, including ease of synthesis, serum stability, low immunogenicity and toxicity, and small production and distribution chain costs. Here, we obtained a potent new inhibitor based on the rearrangement of a previously identified peptide that has been rationally designed on a cell dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) sequence, a ubiquitous membrane protein known to bind the RBD-SPIKE domain of the virus. This novel peptide (named DPP4-derived), conceived as an endogenous "drug", is capable of targeting the latest tested variants with a high affinity, reducing the VSV* DG-Fluc pseudovirus Omicron's infection capacity by up to 14%, as revealed by in vitro testing in human Calu-3 cells. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed the binding affinity of the new DPP4-derived peptide with Omicron variant RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Murdocca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.N.)
| | - Isabella Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (I.R.); (F.O.); (S.A.)
- Net4Science Srl Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gennaro Citro
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.N.)
| | - Andrea Latini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.N.)
| | - Federica Centofanti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.N.)
| | - Antonella Bugatti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (I.R.); (F.O.); (S.A.)
- Net4Science Srl Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (I.R.); (F.O.); (S.A.)
- Net4Science Srl Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.N.)
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.N.)
- IRCCS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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17
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Kawamoto H, Saito-Sasaki N, Sawada Y. Recurrent Merkel Cell Carcinoma Following COVID-19 Treatment. Cureus 2024; 16:e64863. [PMID: 39156288 PMCID: PMC11330325 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer influenced by the immune system. Recent studies suggest that viral infections, notably COVID-19, may exacerbate such malignancies. This case report explores potential mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, could influence the behavior and proliferation of malignant tumor cells. Emerging evidence indicates that COVID-19 may disrupt immune surveillance and modulation, which are critical in controlling the spread and severity of cancers, including MCC. Additionally, the cytokine storm induced by COVID-19 is proposed to facilitate tumorigenic activity, potentially enhancing MCC aggressiveness. By integrating clinical findings with contemporary immunological and virological theories, this report aims to contribute to the understanding of COVID-19's impact on cancer progression, specifically MCC, emphasizing the need for comprehensive management strategies in cancer patients during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Kawamoto
- Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, JPN
| | - Natsuko Saito-Sasaki
- Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, JPN
| | - Yu Sawada
- Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, JPN
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18
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Velikova T, Valkov H, Aleksandrova A, Peshevska-Sekulovska M, Sekulovski M, Shumnalieva R. Harnessing immunity: Immunomodulatory therapies in COVID-19. World J Virol 2024; 13:92521. [PMID: 38984079 PMCID: PMC11229839 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.92521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
An overly exuberant immune response, characterized by a cytokine storm and uncontrolled inflammation, has been identified as a significant driver of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Consequently, deciphering the intricacies of immune dysregulation in COVID-19 is imperative to identify specific targets for intervention and modulation. With these delicate dynamics in mind, immunomodulatory therapies have emerged as a promising avenue for mitigating the challenges posed by COVID-19. Precision in manipulating immune pathways presents an opportunity to alter the host response, optimizing antiviral defenses while curbing deleterious inflammation. This review article comprehensively analyzes immunomodulatory interventions in managing COVID-19. We explore diverse approaches to mitigating the hyperactive immune response and its impact, from corticosteroids and non-steroidal drugs to targeted biologics, including anti-viral drugs, cytokine inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, cell-based therapies (i.e., CAR T, etc.). By summarizing the current evidence, we aim to provide a clear roadmap for clinicians and researchers navigating the complex landscape of immunomodulation in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Velikova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Hristo Valkov
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital “Tsaritsa Yoanna-ISUL”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia 1527, Bulgaria
| | | | - Monika Peshevska-Sekulovska
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Metodija Sekulovski
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Russka Shumnalieva
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University-Sofia, Sofia 1612, Bulgaria
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19
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Jyonouchi H. Autism spectrum disorder and a possible role of anti-inflammatory treatments: experience in the pediatric allergy/immunology clinic. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1333717. [PMID: 38979496 PMCID: PMC11228311 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1333717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD1) is a behaviorally defined syndrome encompassing a markedly heterogeneous patient population. Many ASD subjects fail to respond to the 1st line behavioral and pharmacological interventions, leaving parents to seek out other treatment options. Evidence supports that neuroinflammation plays a role in ASD pathogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms likely vary for each ASD patient, influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Although anti-inflammatory treatment measures, mainly based on metabolic changes and oxidative stress, have provided promising results in some ASD subjects, the use of such measures requires the careful selection of ASD subjects based on clinical and laboratory findings. Recent progress in neuroscience and molecular immunology has made it possible to allow re-purposing of currently available anti-inflammatory medications, used for autoimmune and other chronic inflammatory conditions, as treatment options for ASD subjects. On the other hand, emerging anti-inflammatory medications, including biologic and gate-keeper blockers, exert powerful anti-inflammatory effects on specific mediators or signaling pathways. It will require both a keen understanding of the mechanisms of action of such agents and the careful selection of ASD patients suitable for each treatment. This review will attempt to summarize the use of anti-inflammatory agents already used in targeting ASD patients, and then emerging anti-inflammatory measures applicable for ASD subjects based on scientific rationale and clinical trial data, if available. In our experience, some ASD patients were treated under diagnoses of autoimmune/autoinflammatory conditions and/or post-infectious neuroinflammation. However, there are little clinical trial data specifically for ASD subjects. Therefore, these emerging immunomodulating agents for potential use for ASD subjects will be discussed based on preclinical data, case reports, or data generated in patients with other medical conditions. This review will hopefully highlight the expanding scope of immunomodulating agents for treating neuroinflammation in ASD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Jyonouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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20
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Han L, Wang B, Sun K, Sitara M, Li M, Wang P, Chen N, Yu XA, Tian J. A SARS-CoV-2 M pro fluorescent sensor for exploring pharmacodynamic substances from traditional Chinese medicine. Analyst 2024; 149:3585-3595. [PMID: 38767148 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00372a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) plays a critical role in the replication and life cycle of the virus. Currently, how to screen SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors from complex traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the bottleneck for exploring the pharmacodynamic substances of TCM against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, a simple, cost-effective, rapid, and selective fluorescent sensor (TPE-S-TLG sensor) was designed with an AIE (aggregation-induced emission) probe (TPE-Ph-In) and the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro substrate (S-TLG). The TPE-S-TLG sensor was characterized using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. The limit of detection of this method to detect SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was measured to be 5 ng mL-1. Furthermore, the TPE-S-TLG sensor was also successfully applied to screen Mpro inhibitors from Xuebijing injection using the separation and collection of the HPLC-fully automatic partial fraction collector (HPLC-FC). Six active compounds, including protocatechualdehyde, chlorogenic acid, hydroxysafflower yellow A, caffeic acid, isoquercetin, and pentagalloylglucose, were identified using UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS that could achieve 90% of the Mpro inhibition rate for the Xuebijing injection. Accordingly, the strategy can be broadly applied in the detection of disease-related proteases as well as screening active substances from TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kunhui Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China.
| | - Muqadas Sitara
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meifang Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xie-An Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiangwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Ortiz-Ortigosa L, Gálvez-Álvarez P, Viñolo-Gil MJ, Rodriguez-Huguet M, Góngora-Rodríguez J, Martín-Valero R. Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation programmes and/or respiratory muscle training in patients with post-COVID conditions: a systematic review. Respir Res 2024; 25:248. [PMID: 38890699 PMCID: PMC11186160 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term "post-COVID-19 condition" refers to the symptomatology that appears between four to twelve weeks after Covid-19 infection. These symptoms can persist for weeks or even months, significantly diminishing the quality of life for affected individuals. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation programs and/or respiratory muscle training on respiratory sequelae in patients with post-COVID condition. METHODS The literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, PEDro, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science. Randomized clinical trials were included in which participants were aged 18 years or older. Articles were excluded if at least one of the therapies did not involve pulmonary rehabilitation or respiratory muscle training, if the participants were COVID positive, if studies lacked results, and finally, if interventions were conducted without supervision or at home. This review only encompasses supervised non-virtual interventions. This study adheres to the PRISMA statement and has been registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023433843). RESULTS The outcomes obtained in the included studies are assessed across the following variables: Exercise capacity using the 6-minute walk test, Dyspnea, fatigue, Pulmonary function, Maximum inspiratory pressure, and Quality of life. CONCLUSION Despite the absence of a specific treatment at present, it was evident from this review that a well-structured pulmonary rehabilitation program that incorporates both aerobic and muscular strength exercises along with techniques and inspiratory muscle exercises was the most effective form of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Ortiz-Ortigosa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Malaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Paula Gálvez-Álvarez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Malaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Rocío Martín-Valero
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Malaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain.
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22
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Wu C, Fu Z, Xie C, Zhao J, He F, Jiao B, Jiao B. Epidemiological Characteristics and Genotypic Features of Rotavirus and Norovirus in Jining City, 2021-2022. Viruses 2024; 16:925. [PMID: 38932216 PMCID: PMC11209223 DOI: 10.3390/v16060925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea, often caused by viruses like rotavirus (RV) and norovirus (NV), is a global health concern. This study focuses on RV and NV in Jining City from 2021 to 2022. Between 2021 and 2022, a total of 1052 diarrhea samples were collected. Real-Time Quantitative Fluorescent Reverse Transcriptase-PCR was used to detect RV-A, NV GI, and NV GII. For RV-A-positive samples, VP7 and VP4 genes were sequenced for genotype analysis, followed by the construction of evolutionary trees. Likewise, for NV-GII-positive samples, VP1 and RdRp genes were sequenced for genotypic analysis, and evolutionary trees were subsequently constructed. Between 2021 and 2022, Jining City showed varying detection ratios: RV-A alone (excluding co-infection of RV-A and NV GII) at 7.03%, NV GI at 0.10%, NV GII alone (excluding co-infection of RV-A and NV GII) at 5.42%, and co-infection of RV-A and NV GII at 1.14%. The highest RV-A ratios were shown in children ≤1 year and 2-5 years. Jining, Jinxiang County, and Liangshan County had notably high RV-A ratios at 24.37% (excluding co-infection of RV-A and NV GII) and 18.33% (excluding co-infection of RV-A and NV GII), respectively. Jining, Qufu, and Weishan had no RV-A positives. Weishan showed the highest NV GII ratios at 35.48% (excluding co-infection of RV-A and NV GII). Genotype analysis showed that, in 2021, G9P[8] and G2P[4] were dominant at 94.44% and 5.56%, respectively. In 2022, G8P[8], G9P[8], and G1P[8] were prominent at 75.86%, 13.79%, and 10.35%, respectively. In 2021, GII.3[P12], GII.4[P16], and GII.4[P31] constituted 71.42%, 14.29%, and 14.29%, respectively. In 2022, GII.3[P12] and GII.4[P16] accounted for 55.00% and 45.00%, respectively. RV-A and NV showed varying patterns for different time frames, age groups, and regions within Jining. Genotypic shifts were also observed in prevalent RV-A and NV GII strains in Jining City from 2021 to 2022. Ongoing monitoring of RV-A and NV is recommended for effective prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjing Wu
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining 272000, China; (C.W.); (C.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhongyan Fu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250001, China;
| | - Cuihua Xie
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining 272000, China; (C.W.); (C.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining 272000, China; (C.W.); (C.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Feifei He
- Computer Information Technology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;
| | - Boyan Jiao
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining 272000, China; (C.W.); (C.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
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23
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Lin S, Wang X, Tang RWL, Duan R, Leung KW, Dong TTX, Webb SE, Miller AL, Tsim KWK. Computational Docking as a Tool in Guiding the Drug Design of Rutaecarpine Derivatives as Potential SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors. Molecules 2024; 29:2636. [PMID: 38893512 PMCID: PMC11173897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 continues to spread around the world. This is mainly because new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus emerge due to genomic mutations, evade the immune system and result in the effectiveness of current therapeutics being reduced. We previously established a series of detection platforms, comprising computational docking analysis, S-protein-based ELISA, pseudovirus entry, and 3CL protease activity assays, which allow us to screen a large library of phytochemicals from natural products and to determine their potential in blocking the entry of SARS-CoV-2. In this new screen, rutaecarpine (an alkaloid from Evodia rutaecarpa) was identified as exhibiting anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Therefore, we conducted multiple rounds of structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies around this phytochemical and generated several rutaecarpine analogs that were subjected to in vitro evaluations. Among these derivatives, RU-75 and RU-184 displayed remarkable inhibitory activity when tested in the 3CL protease assay, S-protein-based ELISA, and pseudovirus entry assay (for both wild-type and omicron variants), and they attenuated the inflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, RU-75 and RU-184 both appeared to be more potent than rutaecarpine itself, and this suggests that they might be considered as lead candidates for future pharmacological elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengying Lin
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (X.W.); (R.W.-L.T.); (R.D.); (K.W.L.); (T.T.-X.D.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (X.W.); (R.W.-L.T.); (R.D.); (K.W.L.); (T.T.-X.D.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roy Wai-Lun Tang
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (X.W.); (R.W.-L.T.); (R.D.); (K.W.L.); (T.T.-X.D.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (X.W.); (R.W.-L.T.); (R.D.); (K.W.L.); (T.T.-X.D.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Wing Leung
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (X.W.); (R.W.-L.T.); (R.D.); (K.W.L.); (T.T.-X.D.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina Ting-Xia Dong
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (X.W.); (R.W.-L.T.); (R.D.); (K.W.L.); (T.T.-X.D.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah E. Webb
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (X.W.); (R.W.-L.T.); (R.D.); (K.W.L.); (T.T.-X.D.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew L. Miller
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (X.W.); (R.W.-L.T.); (R.D.); (K.W.L.); (T.T.-X.D.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (X.W.); (R.W.-L.T.); (R.D.); (K.W.L.); (T.T.-X.D.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Oncu S, Korkmaz D. Evaluation of the relationship of treatment and vaccination with prognosis in patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1817-1826. [PMID: 38493271 PMCID: PMC11136715 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people worldwide and caused mortality. Many factors have been reported to affect the prognosis of COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of drug therapy and vaccination on prognosis in patients hospitalized with a COVID-19 diagnosis. METHODS In this single-center, cross-sectional study, data were retrospectively collected from patients receiving inpatient treatment at a university hospital with a diagnosis of COVID-19 between January 1, 2020, and April 30, 2022. The patients' demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. The Chi-square, Cox and logistic regression was performed, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Total 1723 patients (50.1% were men, mean age: 60.6 ± 16.90) who had not been vaccinated rate was 27.0% (> 3 doses: 45.7%). Mortality rate was 17.0%. Increasing age, male, a high Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and no vaccination significantly increased mortality (P < 0.05). The mortality rate was significantly lower in the chloroquine treatment group than in the other treatment groups. Increasing age, male, and a high CCI were determined to be factors that significantly increased the length of hospital stay (LOHS). LOHS found to be significantly lower in the favipiravir or chloroquine groups compared to the remaining treatment groups (P < 0.001). Both mortality and the LOHS significantly differed according to AST, d-dimer, ferritin, and GFR. CONCLUSION This study primarily investigated the effect of treatment and vaccination on the prognosis of COVID-19. This was determined to be prepared for another potential pandemic that may arise due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma Oncu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, 03030, Turkey.
| | - Derya Korkmaz
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Jiang WP, Deng JS, Yu CC, Lin JG, Huang GJ. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Viral Activity of Sweet Potato Trypsin Inhibitor via Downregulation of TMPRSS2 Activity and ACE2 Expression In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6067. [PMID: 38892254 PMCID: PMC11172529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic. Known as COVID-19, it has affected billions of people worldwide, claiming millions of lives and posing a continuing threat to humanity. This is considered one of the most extensive pandemics ever recorded in human history, causing significant losses to both life and economies globally. However, the available evidence is currently insufficient to establish the effectiveness and safety of antiviral drugs or vaccines. The entry of the virus into host cells involves binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a cell surface receptor, via its spike protein. Meanwhile, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), a host surface protease, cleaves and activates the virus's S protein, thus promoting viral infection. Plant protease inhibitors play a crucial role in protecting plants against insects and/or microorganisms. The major storage proteins in sweet potato roots include sweet potato trypsin inhibitor (SWTI), which accounts for approximately 60% of the total water-soluble protein and has been found to possess a variety of health-promoting properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, ACE-inhibitory, and anticancer functions. Our study found that SWTI caused a significant reduction in the expression of the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 proteins, without any adverse effects on cells. Therefore, our findings suggest that the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 axis can be targeted via SWTI to potentially inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan;
| | - Jeng-Shyan Deng
- Department of Food Nutrition and Healthy Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chen Yu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Healthy Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
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He X, Li Y, Liu J, Yan G, Gao X, Li G, Wei L, Feng G, Li J, Zhou H. The causal relationship between COVID-19 and ten esophageal diseases: a study utilizing Mendelian randomization. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1346888. [PMID: 38751976 PMCID: PMC11094223 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1346888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical signs of dysphagia, pancreatic achalasia, and esophagitis have been reported in patients with COVID-19. However, the causal relationship between COVID-19 and esophageal diseases is not clear. Therefore, we utilized Mendelian randomization to explore the potential association between COVID-19 and esophageal diseases. Methods The summary statistics for a Genome-wide association study (GWAS) were obtained from The COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, encompassing four types of COVID-19 as exposure: severe COVID-19, hospitalized COVID-19 versus ambulatory COVID-19, hospitalized COVID-19 versus uninfected, and confirmed COVID-19. Additionally, summary statistics for ten esophageal diseases as outcomes were sourced from the GWAS Catalog and FinnGen databases. Univariate Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was utilized to thoroughly investigate and validate the potential causal association between COVID-19 and various esophageal conditions, including esophageal varices, Barrett's esophagus, esophagitis, esophageal obstruction, esophageal ulcer, esophageal perforation, gastroesophageal reflux, congenital esophageal malformations, benign esophageal tumors, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Results An inverse variance-weighted (IVW) model was utilized for univariate Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, which revealed that genetic liability in patients with confirmed COVID-19 was associated with esophageal obstruction (OR [95% CI]: 0.5275458 [0.2822400-0.9860563]; p-value = 0.0450699). Furthermore, a suggestive causal association was found between genetic liability and a reduced risk of benign esophageal tumors (OR [95% CI]: 0.2715453 [0.09368493-0.7870724]; p-value = 0.0163510), but with a suggestively increased risk of congenital esophageal malformations (OR [95% CI]: 6.959561 [1.1955828-40.51204]; p-value = 0.03086835). Additionally, genetic liability in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, compared to non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients, was suggestively associated with an increased risk of esophagitis (OR [95% CI]: 1.443859 [1.0890568-1.914252]; p-value = 0.01068201). The reliability of these causal findings is supported by Cochran's Q statistic and the MR-Egger intercept test. Conclusion The results of this study suggest the existence of a causal relationship between COVID-19 and esophageal diseases, highlighting differing risk effects of COVID-19 on distinct esophageal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huafu Zhou
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Yu S, Xu J, Yu C, Zhang X, Cheng Y, Lin D, Yan C, Guo M, Li J, He P, Cheng W. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 colonization and high expression of inflammatory factors in cardiac tissue 6 months after COVID-19 recovery: a prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2024; 14:251-263. [PMID: 38716313 PMCID: PMC11070996 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-23-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Background The presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in myocardial autopsy tissues has been observed in certain individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the duration of cardiac involvement remains uncertain among recovered COVID-19 patients. Our study aims to evaluate the long-term persistence of SARS-CoV-2 within cardiac tissue. Methods We prospectively and consecutively evaluated the patients undergoing mitral valve replacement (MVR) and left atrial (LA) volume reduction surgery from May 25 to June 10, 2023 at our center, who had been approximately 6 months of recovery after Omicron wave. Patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 upon admission were excluded. The surgical LA tissue was collected in RNA preservation solution and stored at -80 ℃ immediately. Then SARS-CoV-2, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) RNA expression in LA tissues were assessed through thrice-repeated reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses. Categorical variables were assessed using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, and continuous variables was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results Nine of 41 patients were enrolled, all of whom tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 upon admission (two antigen and PCR tests). In four of nine patients, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in their LA tissue, indicating viral colonization. Among the four positive cases, the IL-6 and IL-1β relative expression levels in the LA tissue of one patient were increased approximately 55- and 110-fold, respectively, compared to those of SARS-CoV-2 (-) patients. Increased expression of IL-6 and IL-1β were observed in the myocardium of this patient. Another patient demonstrated a remarkable 7-fold increase in both IL-6 and IL-1β expression, surpassing that of SARS-CoV-2 (-) patients. Additionally, no other cardiac inflammation-related diseases or conditions were presented in these two patients. The IL-6 and IL-1β expression levels of the remaining two patients were not significantly different from those of SARS-CoV-2 (-) patients. The relative expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in cardiac tissues of all SARS-CoV-2 (-) patients were relatively low. Interestingly, despite abnormally elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-1β within their cardiac tissue, two patients did not show a significant increase in serum IL-6 and IL-1β levels when compared to other patients. Conclusions Our research suggests that certain COVID-19-recovered patients have persistent colonization of SARS-CoV-2 in their cardiac tissue, accompanied by a local increase in inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xianpu Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yongbo Cheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Deqing Lin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chaojun Yan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Chen L, Li M, Wu Z, Liu S, Huang Y. A nomogram to predict severe COVID-19 patients with increased pulmonary lesions in early days. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1343661. [PMID: 38737763 PMCID: PMC11082326 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1343661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to predict severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progression in patients with increased pneumonia lesions in the early days. A simplified nomogram was developed utilizing artificial intelligence (AI)-based quantified computed tomography (CT). Methods From 17 December 2019 to 20 February 2020, a total of 246 patients were confirmed COVID-19 infected in Jingzhou Central Hospital, Hubei Province, China. Of these patients, 93 were mildly ill and had follow-up examinations in 7 days, and 61 of them had enlarged lesions on CT scans. We collected the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and three quantitative CT features from two examinations within 7 days. The three quantitative CT features of pneumonia lesions, including ground-glass opacity volume (GV), semi-consolidation volume (SV), and consolidation volume (CV), were automatically calculated using AI. Additionally, the variation volumes of the lesions were also computed. Finally, a nomogram was developed using a multivariable logistic regression model. To simplify the model, we classified all the lesion volumes based on quartiles and curve fitting results. Results Among the 93 patients, 61 patients showed enlarged lesions on CT within 7 days, of whom 19 (31.1%) developed any severe illness. The multivariable logistic regression model included age, NLR on the second time, an increase in lesion volume, and changes in SV and CV in 7 days. The personalized prediction nomogram demonstrated strong discrimination in the sample, with an area under curve (AUC) and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of 0.961 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.917-1.000. Decision curve analysis illustrated that a nomogram based on quantitative AI was clinically useful. Conclusion The integration of CT quantitative changes, NLR, and age in this model exhibits promising performance in predicting the progression to severe illness in COVID-19 patients with early-stage pneumonia lesions. This comprehensive approach holds the potential to assist clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chen
- Department of Radiology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Radiology, Jingzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhenghong Wu
- Department of Radiology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sibin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuanyi Huang
- Department of Radiology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
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Yin Q, Liu W, Jiang Y, Feng Q, Wang X, Dou H, Liu Z, He F, Fan Y, Jiao B, Jiao B. Comprehensive genomic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.2.76 in Jining City, China, 2022. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:378. [PMID: 38632523 PMCID: PMC11022347 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10246-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the molecular characteristics of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant BA.2.76 in Jining City, China. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 87 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Evolutionary trees were constructed using bioinformatics software to analyze sequence homology, variant sites, N-glycosylation sites, and phosphorylation sites. RESULTS All 87 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences were classified under the evolutionary branch of the Omicron variant BA.2.76. Their similarity to the reference strain Wuhan-Hu-1 ranged from 99.72 to 99.74%. In comparison to the reference strain Wuhan-Hu-1, the 87 sequences exhibited 77-84 nucleotide differences and 27 nucleotide deletions. A total of 69 amino acid variant sites, 9 amino acid deletions, and 1 stop codon mutation were identified across 18 proteins. Among them, the spike (S) protein exhibited the highest number of variant sites, and the ORF8 protein showed a Q27 stop mutation. Multiple proteins displayed variations in glycosylation and phosphorylation sites. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, giving rise to new strains with enhanced transmission, stronger immune evasion capabilities, and reduced pathogenicity. The application of high-throughput sequencing technologies in the epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19 provides crucial insights into the evolutionary and variant characteristics of the virus at the genomic level, thereby holding significant implications for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yin
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Yajuan Jiang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Laboratory, Rencheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Huixin Dou
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Zanzan Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Feifei He
- Computer Information Technology, Northern Arizona University, Arizona, USA
| | - Yingying Fan
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China.
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Boyan Jiao
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China.
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30
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Sołkiewicz K, Kokot I, Kacperczyk M, Dymicka-Piekarska V, Dorf J, Kratz EM. Serum Clusterin Concentration and Its Glycosylation Changes as Potential New Diagnostic Markers of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Recovery Process. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4198. [PMID: 38673784 PMCID: PMC11049940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Glycoprotein clusterin (CLU) has many functions such as phagocyte recruitment, complement system inhibition, apoptosis inhibition, hormone and lipid transport, as well as in the immune response. The study aimed to assess the changes in CLU concentrations and the profile and degree of CLU glycosylation between patients with severe COVID-19, convalescents, and healthy subjects (control). The profile and degree of serum CLU N-glycosylation were analyzed using lectin-ELISA with specific lectins. CLU concentrations were significantly lower and relative reactivities of CLU glycans with SNA (Sambucus nigra agglutinin) were significantly higher in severe COVID-19 patients in comparison to convalescents and the control group. The relative reactivities of CLU glycans with MAA (Maackia amurensis agglutinin), together with relative reactivity with LCA (Lens culinaris agglutinin), were also significantly higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in convalescents and the control group, but they also significantly differed between convalescents and control. The development of acute inflammation in the course of severe COVID-19 is associated with a decrease in CLU concentration, accompanied by an increase in the expression of α2,3-linked sialic acid, and core fucose. Both of these parameters can be included as useful glycomarkers differentiating patients with severe COVID-19 from convalescents and the control group, as well as convalescents and healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sołkiewicz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Izabela Kokot
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Monika Kacperczyk
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (V.D.-P.); (J.D.)
| | - Justyna Dorf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (V.D.-P.); (J.D.)
| | - Ewa Maria Kratz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.K.); (M.K.)
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Wralstad EC, Raines RT. Sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 main protease 3CL pro with an engineered ribonuclease zymogen. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4916. [PMID: 38501598 PMCID: PMC10949392 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Alongside vaccines and antiviral therapeutics, diagnostic tools are a crucial aid in combating the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the etiological agent SARS-CoV-2. All common assays for infection rely on the detection of viral sub-components, including structural proteins of the virion or fragments of the viral genome. Selective pressure imposed by human intervention of COVID-19 can, however, induce viral mutations that decrease the sensitivity of diagnostic assays based on biomolecular structure, leading to an increase in false-negative results. In comparison, mutations are unlikely to alter the function of viral proteins, and viral machinery is under less selective pressure from vaccines and therapeutics. Accordingly, diagnostic assays that rely on biomolecular function can be more robust than ones that rely on biopolymer structure. Toward this end, we used a split intein to create a circular ribonuclease zymogen that is activated by the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, 3CLpro . Zymogen activation by 3CLpro leads to a >300-fold increase in ribonucleolytic activity, which can be detected with a highly sensitive fluorogenic substrate. This coupled assay can detect low nanomolar concentrations of 3CLpro within a timeframe comparable to that of common antigen-detection protocols. More generally, the concept of detecting a protease by activating a ribonuclease could be the basis of diagnostic tools for other indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans C. Wralstad
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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Li N, Yu X. Characteristic analysis of China's actions against the COVID-19 in schools and comparison with other countries. Public Health Nurs 2024; 41:255-263. [PMID: 38111269 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of the COVID-19 poses a great threat to students globally. China has taken steps to keep students from becoming infected for more than 30 months, while other countries have also taken steps. Comparing the intentions, implementation, immediate and long-term effects of these initiatives can shed more light on the care of adolescents in schools. OBJECTIVE The focus of the study is to describe the full range of school prevention measures in China, identifying when they work and when they do not. At the same time, some typical measures taken in other countries' schools are presented and compared to provide a comprehensive discussion. METHODS This study attempted to combine data comparison, information analysis, policy interpretation, and participatory observation to form a comprehensive analytical network. RESULTS China's schools have gone through of lucky periods, safety periods, difficult periods, and crisis periods. These efforts are due to the government's intense control measures, strict accountability of school administrators, frequent nucleic acid testing, widespread vaccination, and widely implemented online learning. In comparison, the measures taken by China are difficult to implement, and the price paid by the government, schools and students needs to be further assessed and reflected upon. CONCLUSIONS The virus is able to destroy the school's defence with ease. There should be a consensus among countries for a permanent virus control strategy, but the severity of the various measures needs to be appropriately determined, strict control measures can also have negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Professor at School of Law, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Professor at School of Public Affairs, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
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Ji Z, de Miguel-Díez J. Advances and Challenges in COVID-19 and Pneumonia. Viruses 2024; 16:331. [PMID: 38543697 PMCID: PMC10974140 DOI: 10.3390/v16030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has posed a significant challenge to the entire medical community [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Ji
- Pulmonology Service, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier de Miguel-Díez
- Pulmonology Service, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain;
- Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Gauvin J, Huynh DN, Dubuc I, Lê C, Tugores R, Flamand N, Flamand L, Lubell WD, Ong H, Marleau S. Pharmacological targeting of the hyper-inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2-infected K18-hACE2 mice using a cluster of differentiation 36 receptor modulator. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1303342. [PMID: 38384295 PMCID: PMC10879382 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1303342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The scientific and medical community faced an unprecedented global health hazard that led to nearly 7 million deaths attributable to the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In spite of the development of efficient vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, many people remain at risk of developing severe symptoms as the virus continues to spread without beneficial patient therapy. The hyper-inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome remains an unmet medical need for improving patient care. The viral infection stimulates alveolar macrophages to adopt an inflammatory phenotype regulated, at least in part, by the cluster of differentiation 36 receptor (CD36) to produce unrestrained inflammatory cytokine secretions. We suggest herein that the modulation of the macrophage response using the synthetic CD36 ligand hexarelin offers potential as therapy for halting respiratory failure in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Gauvin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David N. Huynh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Dubuc
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and and Immunology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Lê
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rafaela Tugores
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Flamand
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and and Immunology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - William D. Lubell
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Huy Ong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Marleau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Santin A, Spedicati B, Pecori A, Nardone GG, Concas MP, Piatti G, Menini A, Tirelli G, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Girotto G. The Bittersweet Symphony of COVID-19: Associations between TAS1Rs and TAS2R38 Genetic Variations and COVID-19 Symptoms. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:219. [PMID: 38398728 PMCID: PMC10890446 DOI: 10.3390/life14020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is crucial in fighting SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, deepening our understanding of the underlying immune response mechanisms is fundamental for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The role of extra-oral bitter (TAS2Rs) and sweet (TAS1Rs) taste receptors in immune response regulation has yet to be fully understood. However, a few studies have investigated the association between taste receptor genes and COVID-19 symptom severity, with controversial results. Therefore, this study aims to deepen the relationship between COVID-19 symptom presence/severity and TAS1R and TAS2R38 (TAS2Rs member) genetic variations in a cohort of 196 COVID-19 patients. Statistical analyses detected significant associations between rs307355 of the TAS1R3 gene and the following COVID-19-related symptoms: chest pain and shortness of breath. Specifically, homozygous C/C patients are exposed to an increased risk of manifesting severe forms of chest pain (OR 8.11, 95% CI 2.26-51.99) and shortness of breath (OR 4.83, 95% CI 1.71-17.32) in comparison with T/C carriers. Finally, no significant associations between the TAS2R38 haplotype and the presence/severity of COVID-19 symptoms were detected. This study, taking advantage of a clinically and genetically characterised cohort of COVID-19 patients, revealed TAS1R3 gene involvement in determining COVID-19 symptom severity independently of TAS2R38 activity, thus providing novel insights into the role of TAS1Rs in regulating the immune response to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Santin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.S.); (B.S.); (G.G.N.); (G.T.); (P.B.-R.); (G.G.)
| | - Beatrice Spedicati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.S.); (B.S.); (G.G.N.); (G.T.); (P.B.-R.); (G.G.)
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, I.R.C.C.S. “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Pecori
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, I.R.C.C.S. “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Giovanni Nardone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.S.); (B.S.); (G.G.N.); (G.T.); (P.B.-R.); (G.G.)
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, I.R.C.C.S. “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Gioia Piatti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Unit of Bronchopneumology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Menini
- Neurobiology Group, SISSA, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, 34136 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.S.); (B.S.); (G.G.N.); (G.T.); (P.B.-R.); (G.G.)
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.S.); (B.S.); (G.G.N.); (G.T.); (P.B.-R.); (G.G.)
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.S.); (B.S.); (G.G.N.); (G.T.); (P.B.-R.); (G.G.)
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, I.R.C.C.S. “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
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Kautsch K, Wiśniowska J, Friedman-Gruszczyńska J, Buda P. Evaluation of the safety profile and therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection - a single-center, retrospective, cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:591-598. [PMID: 37864601 PMCID: PMC10912415 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite 3.5 years of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we still lack effective drugs against COVID-19. The first and most widely used drug, remdesivir, has not yet been shown to be effective in adults. Even less is known about its effectiveness in children. Therefore, the aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of remdesivir in pediatric patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in one medical center. The medical records of 328 children with COVID-19 were analyzed. Analysis was performed on the subgroups of children treated and not treated with remdesivir. Clinical data on general health, course of COVID-19 and treatment received were analyzed. Remdesivir was administered to 64 children, 16 to treat severe or critical illness and 48 because of the presence of risk factors to prevent progression to severe COVID-19. In children with severe COVID-19, remdesivir did not reduce the mortality rate. However, in patients with milder disease and risk factors, the drug significantly reduced the risk of progression to severe disease. Among adverse events, only mild aminotransferase elevations were observed in 4 patients, but none of these required discontinuation of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Remdesivir is a safe treatment option for children with COVID-19. However, the efficacy of this therapy is still uncertain. It appears that in children with asymptomatic to moderate COVID-19 and risk factors for severe disease, remdesivir could be an effective method of prophylaxis. However, its efficacy in controlling severe disease is questionable and requires further study. WHAT IS KNOWN • There are still no effective drugs to combat COVID-19, and the efficacy of the widely used remdesivir in adults is controversial. • All recommendations and guidelines on the use of remdesivir in the pediatric population are based mainly on clinical trials in adults. WHAT IS NEW • Remdesivir is a safe treatment for COVID-19 in the pediatric population. • In children with asymptomatic to moderate COVID-19 and risk factors for severe disease, remdesivir could be an effective drug to prevent disease progression. However, its efficacy in treating severe disease in children needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kautsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wiśniowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Buda
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Peng S, Wang W, Zhang R, Wu C, Pan X, Huang Z. Nano-Formulations for Pulmonary Delivery: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:161. [PMID: 38399222 PMCID: PMC10893528 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of nanotechnology and confronting the problems of traditional pharmaceutical formulations in treating lung diseases, inhalable nano-formulations have attracted interest. Inhalable nano-formulations for treating lung diseases allow for precise pulmonary drug delivery, overcoming physiological barriers, improving aerosol lung deposition rates, and increasing drug bioavailability. They are expected to solve the difficulties faced in treating lung diseases. However, limited success has been recorded in the industrialization translation of inhalable nano-formulations. Only one relevant product has been approved by the FDA to date, suggesting that there are still many issues to be resolved in the clinical application of inhalable nano-formulations. These systems are characterized by a dependence on inhalation devices, while the adaptability of device formulation is still inconclusive, which is the most important issue impeding translational research. In this review, we categorized various inhalable nano-formulations, summarized the advantages of inhalable nano-formulations over conventional inhalation formulations, and listed the inhalable nano-formulations undergoing clinical studies. We focused on the influence of inhalation devices on nano-formulations and analyzed their adaptability. After extensive analysis of the drug delivery mechanisms, technical processes, and limitations of different inhalation devices, we concluded that vibrating mesh nebulizers might be most suitable for delivering inhalable nano-formulations, and related examples were introduced to validate our view. Finally, we presented the challenges and outlook for future development. We anticipate providing an informative reference for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Bhattacharya P, Mandal A. Identification of amentoflavone as a potent SARS-CoV-2 M pro inhibitor: a combination of computational studies and in vitro biological evaluation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38263736 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2304676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro that block the active site pocket of the viral main protease have been considered potential therapeutics for the development of drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we report the identification of amentoflavone (a biflavonoid) through docking-based virtual screening of a library comprised of 231 compounds consisting of flavonoids and isoflavonoids. The docking results were further substantiated through extensive analysis of the data obtained from all-atom 150 ns MD simulation. End-state effective free energy calculations using MM-PBSA calculations further suggested that (Ra)-amentoflavone (C3'-C8''-atropisomer) may show a greater binding affinity towards the Mpro than (Sa)-amentoflavone. In vitro cytotoxicity assay established that amentoflavone showed a high CC50 value indicating much lower toxicity. Further, potent inhibition of the Mpro by amentoflavone was established by studying the effect on HEK293T cells treated with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro expressing plasmid.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anirban Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, Mrinalini Datta Mahavidyapith, Kolkata, India
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Nittayananta W, Lerdsamran H, Chutiwitoonchai N, Promsong A, Srichana T, Netsomboon K, Prasertsopon J, Kerdto J. A novel film spray containing curcumin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infection and enhances mucosal immunity. Virol J 2024; 21:26. [PMID: 38263162 PMCID: PMC10807123 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus is still a major worldwide health concern. Plants are a good source of bioactive compounds to be used as preventive measures for both inhibiting the virus binding and enhancing mucosal innate immunity. Curcumin has been shown to possess antiviral activity and modulate innate immunity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop an oro-nasal film spray containing curcumin and determine its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infection, as well as its effects on mucosal innate immunity and inflammatory cytokines in vitro. METHODS The antiviral activity of the film spray against SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and influenza B was assessed in vitro by plaque reduction assay. Cytotoxicity of the film spray to oral keratinocytes and nasal epithelial cells was assessed by MTT assay, and cytotoxicity to Vero and MDCK cells was assessed by an MTS-based cytotoxicity assay. Oral and nasal innate immune markers in response to the film spray were determined by ELISA and by a commercial Milliplex Map Kit, respectively. RESULTS Our data show that the film spray containing curcumin can inhibit both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infections while maintaining cell viability. Results obtained among 4 viruses revealed that curcumin film spray demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 with the lowest EC50 of 3.15 µg/ml and the highest SI value of 4.62, followed by influenza B (EC50 = 6.32 µg/ml, SI = 2.04), influenza A/H1N1 (EC50 = 7.24 µg/ml, SI = 1.78), and influenza A/H3N2 (EC50 > 12.5 µg/ml, SI < 1.03), respectively. Antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and HD-5, IL-6 and TNF-α produced by oral keratinocytes were significantly induced by the film spray, while hBD2 was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION Film spray containing curcumin possesses multiple actions against SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting ACE-2 binding in target cells and enhancing mucosal innate immunity. The film spray can also inhibit influenza virus infection. Therefore, the curcumin film spray may be effective in preventing the viral infection of both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hatairat Lerdsamran
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Chutiwitoonchai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Aornrutai Promsong
- Faculty of Medicine, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat, Thailand
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Jarunee Prasertsopon
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jaruta Kerdto
- Thammasat Hospital, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Lin W, Chen H, Chen X, Guo C. The Roles of Neutrophil-Derived Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in Diseases: The New Progress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:132. [PMID: 38275657 PMCID: PMC10812636 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing peroxidase, mainly expressed in neutrophils and, to a lesser extent, in monocytes. MPO is known to have a broad bactericidal ability via catalyzing the reaction of Cl- with H2O2 to produce a strong oxidant, hypochlorous acid (HOCl). However, the overproduction of MPO-derived oxidants has drawn attention to its detrimental role, especially in diseases characterized by acute or chronic inflammation. Broadly speaking, MPO and its derived oxidants are involved in the pathological processes of diseases mainly through the oxidation of biomolecules, which promotes inflammation and oxidative stress. Meanwhile, some researchers found that MPO deficiency or using MPO inhibitors could attenuate inflammation and tissue injuries. Taken together, MPO might be a promising target for both prognostic and therapeutic interventions. Therefore, understanding the role of MPO in the progress of various diseases is of great value. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the diverse roles of MPO in the progression of several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, renal diseases, and lung diseases (including COVID-19). This information serves as a valuable reference for subsequent mechanistic research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Huili Chen
- Center of System Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Chaorui Guo
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
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Song W, Liu H, Su Y, Zhao Q, Wang X, Cheng P, Wang H. Current developments and opportunities of pluripotent stem cells-based therapies for salivary gland hypofunction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1346996. [PMID: 38313227 PMCID: PMC10834761 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1346996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) caused by systemic disease, drugs, aging, and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer can cause dry mouth, which increases the risk of disorders such as periodontitis, taste disorders, pain and burning sensations in the mouth, dental caries, and dramatically reduces the quality of life of patients. To date, the treatment of SGH is still aimed at relieving patients' clinical symptoms and improving their quality of life, and is not able to repair and regenerate the damaged salivary glands. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and extended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs), are an emerging source of cellular therapies that are capable of unlimited proliferation and differentiation into cells of all three germ layers. In recent years, the immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative effects of PSCs, their derived cells, and paracrine products of these cells have received increasing attention and have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in some preclinical studies targeting SGH. This review outlined the etiologies and available treatments for SGH. The existing efficacy and potential role of PSCs, their derived cells and paracrine products of these cells for SGH are summarized, with a focus on PSC-derived salivary gland stem/progenitor cells (SGS/PCs) and PSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this Review, we provide a conceptual outline of our current understanding of PSCs-based therapy and its importance in SGH treatment, which may inform and serve the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Song
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, School of Basic Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Research and Development Department, Allife Medicine Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, School of Basic Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Wei C, Yin W, Hu T, Zhang J, Dan H, Wu B. Agranulocytosis and secondary infection related to JAK inhibitors and IL-6 receptor blockers: a disproportionality analysis using the US Food and drug administration adverse event reporting system. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1323240. [PMID: 38264533 PMCID: PMC10803638 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1323240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Given that the fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not over, we aimed to explore the occurrence of agranulocytosis and infectious complications in patients with and without COVID-19 following immunoregulatory therapy based on real-world data. Methods: This was a retrospective disproportionality analysis based on the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). All cases reported between the first quarter of 2004 and the fourth quarter of 2022 about Janus kinase inhibitors (baricitinib, tofacitinib, ruxolitinib) and interleukin-6 receptor blockers (tocilizumab, sarilumab) were collected. Disproportionality analyses were conducted by reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC). Results: A total of 211,363 cases were recognized from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database. Data analysis showed that tocilizumab (reporting odds ratio: 3.18, 95% CI: 3.18-3.29; information component: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.31-1.42), sarilumab (ROR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.55-1.73; IC: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43-0.79), baricitinib (ROR: 3.42, 95% CI: 3.19-3.67; IC: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.21-1.65), tofacitinib (ROR: 2.53, 95% CI: 2.49-2.57; IC: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05-1.16), and ruxolitinib (ROR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.83-1.91; IC: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.70-0.84) were all associated with secondary infection. The association in the combination group was higher than that in the monotherapy group (ROR: 4.69, 95% CI: 4.53-4.86; IC: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.62-1.84). As for agranulocytosis, tocilizumab (ROR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.53-1.69; IC: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.50-0.84) and ruxolitinib (ROR: 2.32, 95% CI: 2.21-2.43; IC: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02-1.33) showed the significant signals. The association was higher in the combination group than in the monotherapy group (ROR: 2.36, 95% CI: 2.15-2.58; IC: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.90-1.51). Secondary infection after treatment with tofacitinib (ROR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.02-1.84), tocilizumab (ROR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.01-2.09), and sarilumab (ROR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.10-5.50) was reported more frequently in COVID-19 than in non-COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: Both Janus kinase inhibitors and interleukin-6 receptor blockers are significantly associated with secondary infection and agranulocytosis, and the combined treatment further increases the association. The correlation with secondary infection in patients treated with tofacitinib, tocilizumab, and sarilumab is higher in COVID-19 than in non-COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanhong Yin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Clinical Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Dan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhu C, Wu H, Yang X, Gao J. The outcomes of COVID-19 and acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 9:6. [PMID: 38317749 PMCID: PMC10838611 DOI: 10.21037/tgh-23-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in China at the end of 2019. Several case studies have documented a probable association between infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and acute pancreatitis (AP). The objective of this study was to provide a complete analysis of existing literature that compares the clinical outcomes of AP in patients with COVID-19 and those without COVID-19. The intention was to further our understanding of the involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in the development of pancreatitis. Methods Between January 2019 and December 2022, we searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. Nine studies (3,160 patients) were included. In this meta-analysis, Stata 12.0. was utilized. The information provided in this study is presented following the MOOSE reporting checklist. Results Mortality [odds ratio (OR) =3.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.87, 5.43, P<0.001], intensive care unit (ICU) administration (OR =3.74, 95% CI: 2.26, 6.20, P<0.001), mechanical ventilation (OR =4.84, 95% CI: 2.14, 10.96, P<0.001), severe pancreatitis (OR =2.71, 95% CI: 1.04, 7.04, P=0.042), etiology of idiopathic and unknown (OR =4.75, 95% CI: 1.80, 12.56, P=0.002), necrotizing pancreatitis (OR =1.88, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.76, P=0.001), and length of hospital stay [weighted mean difference (WMD) =5.10, 95% CI: 2.79, 7.41, P<0.001] were more significantly increased in AP cases with COVID-19 than those without it. Conclusions In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate a potential worsening of AP outcomes in patients affected by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyu Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haijuan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Gasmi A, Noor S, Menzel A, Khanyk N, Semenova Y, Lysiuk R, Beley N, Bolibrukh L, Gasmi Benahmed A, Storchylo O, Bjørklund G. Potential Drugs in COVID-19 Management. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3245-3264. [PMID: 37461346 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230717154101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus first emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread worldwide. Despite the absence of a vaccination or authorized drug specifically developed to combat this infection, certain medications recommended for other diseases have shown potential effectiveness in treating COVID-19, although without definitive confirmation. This review aims to evaluate the existing literature on the efficacy of these medications against COVID-19. The review encompasses various potential treatments, including antiviral medications, anti-malaria and anti-rheumatic drugs, vaccines, corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antipyretic and analgesic medicines, antiparasitic drugs, and statins. The analysis also addresses the potential benefits and drawbacks of these medications, as well as their effects on hypertension and diabetes. Although these therapies hold promise against COVID-19, further research, including suitable product production or clinical testing, is needed to establish their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sadaf Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Nataliia Khanyk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Beley
- I. Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Olha Storchylo
- Medical Chemistry Department, Odessa National Medical University, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
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Purrmann L, Speichert LJ, Bäuerle A, Teufel M, Krakowczyk JB, Beckord J, Felderhoff-Müser U, Skoda EM, Dinse H. COVID-19 Vaccine for Children: Determinants and Beliefs Contributing to Vaccination Decision of Parents in Germany 2021/2022. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:20. [PMID: 38250833 PMCID: PMC10820980 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To reduce the number of COVID-19 cases, vaccines were rapidly made available worldwide. For a strategically targeted response to the COVID-19 pandemic, population vaccination coverage was to be maximized. The target groups also included healthy children. In this context, it is important to understand the determinants and beliefs that lead parents to favor or oppose COVID-19 immunization in children. This study aimed to investigate parents' COVID-19 vaccination willingness in Germany for children aged 5-11 years in 2021/2022. For this purpose, the determinants and beliefs behind parents' vaccination decisions were examined. Descriptive analysis and bivariate correlations were performed on COVID-19 vaccination willingness and parents' mental health status, general vaccination attitudes, and SARS-CoV-2 politics perceptions. In total, 2401 participants fully participated in this cross-sectional study. The COVID-19 vaccination uptake (71.4%) outweighed the vaccination refusal (19.4%). Correlations revealed higher vaccine acceptance in parents presenting full vaccination certificates (90.9%), COVID-19 immunizations (99.9%), or increased COVID-19 fear (93.6%). Vaccination-refusal was associated with higher perceived pressure by COVID-19 vaccination campaigns (87.7%), higher experienced restrictions due to COVID-19 protective measures in parents' social environment (83.6%), and engagement against COVID-19 protective measures (51.6%). Besides general anxiety, no significant correlations were observed between parents' mental health variables and vaccination willingness. Although several factors are ultimately associated with vaccination willingness, future vaccination campaigns should prioritize reducing pressure, increasing trust, and considering parents' differentiation between familiar and unfamiliar pathogens during their vaccination decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Purrmann
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Leoni-Johanna Speichert
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Bäuerle
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Teufel
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Barbara Krakowczyk
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jil Beckord
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ursula Felderhoff-Müser
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Skoda
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Hannah Dinse
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Silva MJA, Vieira MCDS, Souza AB, dos Santos EC, Marcelino BDR, Casseb SMM, Lima KVB, Lima LNGC. Analysis of associations between the TLR3 SNPs rs3775291 and rs3775290 and COVID-19 in a cohort of professionals of Belém-PA, Brazil. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1320701. [PMID: 38173795 PMCID: PMC10763251 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1320701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article was to verify associations between the SNPs rs3775291 (Cytosine [C]>Thymine [T]) and rs3775290 (C>T) of TLR3 in professionals from Health Institutions (HI) who worked during the first pandemic wave and COVID-19. A case-control study was carried out with workers from HI in Belém-PA, Brazil, divided into symptomatology groups (Asymptomatic-AS, n=91; and Symptomatic-SI, n=121), and severity groups, classified by Chest CT scan (symptomatic with lung involvement - SCP, n=34; symptomatic without lung involvement - SSP, n=8). Genotyping was performed by Sanger sequencing and statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program. In the analysis of SNP rs3775291, the homozygous recessive genotype (T/T) was not found and the frequency of the mutant allele (T) was less than 2% in the cohort. For the rs3775290 SNP, the frequency of the mutant allele (T) was greater than 42% in the cohort. No significant associations were found for these SNPs in this cohort (N= 212 individuals). The scientific community and physicians can use these facts to find new methods of managing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Jessé Abrahão Silva
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bacteriology and Mycology Section (SABMI), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Brito Souza
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bacteriology and Mycology Section (SABMI), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Everaldina Cordeiro dos Santos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bacteriology and Mycology Section (SABMI), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Beatriz dos Reis Marcelino
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bacteriology and Mycology Section (SABMI), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
| | | | - Karla Valéria Batista Lima
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bacteriology and Mycology Section (SABMI), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
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Dai S, Cao T, Shen H, Zong X, Gu W, Li H, Wei L, Huang H, Yu Y, Chen Y, Ye W, Hua F, Fan H, Shen Z. Landscape of molecular crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cardiovascular diseases: emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction and immune-inflammation. J Transl Med 2023; 21:915. [PMID: 38104081 PMCID: PMC10725609 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen of COVID-19, is a worldwide threat to human health and causes a long-term burden on the cardiovascular system. Individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases are at higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and tend to have a worse prognosis. However, the relevance and pathogenic mechanisms between COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases are not yet completely comprehended. METHODS Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in datasets of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2 and myocardial tissues from heart failure patients. Further GO and KEGG pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, hub genes identification, immune microenvironment analysis, and drug candidate predication were performed. Then, an isoproterenol-stimulated myocardial hypertrophy cell model and a transverse aortic constriction-induced mouse heart failure model were employed to validate the expression of hub genes. RESULTS A total of 315 up-regulated and 78 down-regulated common DEGs were identified. Functional enrichment analysis revealed mitochondrial metabolic disorders and extensive immune inflammation as the most prominent shared features of COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases. Then, hub DEGs, as well as hub immune-related and mitochondria-related DEGs, were screened. Additionally, nine potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19-related cardiovascular diseases were proposed. Furthermore, the expression patterns of most of the hub genes related to cardiovascular diseases in the validation dataset along with cellular and mouse myocardial damage models, were consistent with the findings of bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSIONS The study unveiled the molecular networks and signaling pathways connecting COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases, which may provide novel targets for intervention of COVID-19-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xuejing Zong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wenyu Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Hanghang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Haoyue Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yunsheng Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yihuan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wenxue Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Fei Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Hongyou Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Siewe N, Yakubu AA. Unequal effects of SARS-CoV-2 infections: model of SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in Cameroon (Sub-Saharan Africa) versus New York State (United States). JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 2023; 17:2246496. [PMID: 37598351 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2023.2246496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, the recent SARS-CoV-2 virus disease outbreak has infected more than 691,000,000 people and killed more than 6,900,000. Surprisingly, Sub-Saharan Africa has suffered the least from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Factors that are inherent to developing countries and that contrast with their counterparts in developed countries have been associated with these disease burden differences. In this paper, we developed data-driven COVID-19 mathematical models of two 'extreme': Cameroon, a developing country, and New York State (NYS) located in a developed country. We then identified critical parameters that could be used to explain the lower-than-expected COVID-19 disease burden in Cameroon versus NYS and to help mitigate future major disease outbreaks. Through the introduction of a 'disease burden' function, we found that COVID-19 could have been much more severe in Cameroon than in NYS if the vaccination rate had remained very low in Cameroon and the pandemic had not ended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourridine Siewe
- School of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
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Zimmermann P, Sourij H, Aberer F, Rilstone S, Schierbauer J, Moser O. SGLT2 Inhibitors in Long COVID Syndrome: Is There a Potential Role? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:478. [PMID: 38132646 PMCID: PMC10744331 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10120478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 has turned into a pandemic causing a global public health crisis. While acute COVID-19 mainly affects the respiratory system and can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome, an association with persistent inflammatory stress affecting different organ systems has been elucidated in long COVID syndrome (LCS). Increased severity and mortality rates have been reported due to cardiophysiological and metabolic systemic disorders as well as multiorgan failure in COVID-19, additionally accompanied by chronic dyspnea and fatigue in LCS. Hence, novel therapies have been tested to improve the outcomes of LCS of which one potential candidate might be sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. The aim of this narrative review was to discuss rationales for investigating SGLT2 inhibitor therapy in people suffering from LCS. In this regard, we discuss their potential positive effects-next to the well described "cardio-renal-metabolic" conditions-with a focus on potential anti-inflammatory and beneficial systemic effects in LCS. However, potential beneficial as well as potential disadvantageous effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the prevalence and long-term outcomes of COVID-19 will need to be established in ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zimmermann
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (P.Z.); (S.R.); (J.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sportsmedicine Bamberg, Klinikum Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Harald Sourij
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Felix Aberer
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Sian Rilstone
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (P.Z.); (S.R.); (J.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Janis Schierbauer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (P.Z.); (S.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Othmar Moser
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (P.Z.); (S.R.); (J.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.S.); (F.A.)
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50
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Song Z, Jia G, Luo G, Han C, Zhang B, Wang X. Global research trends of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children: a bibliometric analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1306234. [PMID: 38078315 PMCID: PMC10704248 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1306234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP), attributable to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), represents a predominant form of community-acquired pneumonia in pediatric populations, thereby posing a significant threat to pediatric health. Given the burgeoning volume of research literature associated with pediatric MPP in recent years, it becomes imperative to undertake a bibliometric analysis aimed at delineating the current research landscape and emerging trends, thereby furnishing a framework for subsequent investigations. METHODS A comprehensive literature search targeting pediatric MPP was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection. After the removal of duplicate entries through Endnote software, the remaining articles were subject to scientometric analysis via Citespace software, VOSviewer software and R language, focusing on variables such as publication volume, contributing nations, institutions and authors, references and keywords. RESULTS A total of 1,729 articles pertinent to pediatric MPP were included in the analysis. China and the United States emerged as the nations with the highest publication output. Italian scholar Susanna Esposito and Japanese scholar Kazunobu Ouchi were the most influential authors in the domain of pediatric MPP. Highly-cited articles primarily focused on the epidemiological investigation of pediatric MPP, the clinical characteristics and treatment of macrolide-resistant MPP, and biomarkers for refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP). From the corpus of 1,729 articles, 636 keywords were extracted and categorized into ten clusters: Cluster #0 centered on molecular-level typing of macrolide-resistant strains; Cluster #1 focused on lower respiratory tract co-infections; Clusters #2 and #6 emphasized other respiratory ailments caused by MP; Cluster #3 involved biomarkers and treatment of RMPP; Clusters #4 and #9 pertained to extrapulmonary complications of MPP, Clusters #5 and #7 addressed etiological diagnosis of MPP, and Cluster #8 explored pathogenic mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The past few years have witnessed extensive attention directed towards pediatric MPP. Research in pediatric MPP principally revolves around diagnostic techniques for MP, macrolide resistance, complications of MPP, treatment and diagnosis of RMPP, and elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms. The present study provides pediatric clinicians and researchers with the research status and focal points in this field, thereby guiding the orientation of future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Song
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guangyuan Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guangzhi Luo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chengen Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baoqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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