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Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Torres-Macho J, Macasaet R, Velasco JV, Ver AT, Culasino Carandang THD, Guerrero JJ, Franco-Moreno A, Chung W, Notarte KI. Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19 survivors with post-COVID symptoms: a systematic review of the literature. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1044-1052. [PMID: 38366966 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral persistence is one of the main hypotheses explaining the presence of post-COVID symptoms. This systematic review investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in plasma, stool, urine, and nasal/oral swab samples in individuals with post-COVID symptomatology. CONTENT MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science databases, as well as medRxiv/bioRxiv preprint servers were searched up to November 25th, 2023. Articles investigating the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in plasma, stool, urine or nasal/oral swab samples in patients with post-COVID symptoms were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or Cochrane's Risk of Bias (Rob) tool. SUMMARY From 322 studies identified, six studies met all inclusion criteria. The sample included 678 COVID-19 survivors (52 % female, aged from 29 to 66 years). The methodological quality was moderate in 88 % of the studies (n=5/6). Three papers investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in plasma, three studies in nasal/oral swabs, two studies in stool samples, one in urine and one in saliva. The follow-up was shorter than two months (<60 days after) in 66 % of the studies (n=4/6). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA ranged from 5 to 59 % in patients with post-COVID symptoms the first two months after infection, depending on the sample tested, however, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was also identified in COVID-19 survivors without post-COVID symptoms (one study). OUTLOOK Available evidence can suggest the presence of persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA in post-COVID patients in the short term, although the biases within the studies do not permit us to make firm assumptions. The association between post-COVID symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the samples tested is also conflicting. The lack of comparative group without post-COVID symptoms limits the generalizability of viral persistence in post-COVID-19 condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 619352 Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Torres-Macho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor-Virgen de la Torre 571738 , Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, 571738 Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Raymart Macasaet
- Department of Medicine, 24054 Monmouth Medical Center , Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | | | - Abbygail Therese Ver
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, 125865 University of Santo Tomas , Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Ana Franco-Moreno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor-Virgen de la Torre 571738 , Madrid, Spain
| | - William Chung
- Department of Pathology, 1500 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of Pathology, 1500 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA
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Corrao G, Porcu G, Tratsevich A, Cereda D, Pavesi G, Bertolaso G, Franchi M. Estimating All-Cause Deaths Averted in the First Two Years of the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign in Italy. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:413. [PMID: 38675795 PMCID: PMC11055119 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Comparing deaths averted by vaccination campaigns is a crucial public health endeavour. Excess all-cause deaths better reflect the impact of the pandemic than COVID-19 deaths. We used a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous factors model to regress daily all-cause deaths on annual trend, seasonality, and environmental temperature in three Italian regions (Lombardy, Marche and Sicily) from 2015 to 2019. The model was used to forecast excess deaths during the vaccinal period (December 2020-October 2022). We used the prevented fraction to estimate excess deaths observed during the vaccinal campaigns, those which would have occurred without vaccination, and those averted by the campaigns. At the end of the vaccinal period, the Lombardy region proceeded with a more intensive COVID-19 vaccination campaign than other regions (on average, 1.82 doses per resident, versus 1.67 and 1.56 in Marche and Sicily, respectively). A higher prevented fraction of all-cause deaths was consistently found in Lombardy (65% avoided deaths, as opposed to 60% and 58% in Marche and Sicily). Nevertheless, because of a lower excess mortality rate found in Lombardy compared to Marche and Sicily (12, 24 and 23 per 10,000 person-years, respectively), a lower rate of averted deaths was observed (22 avoided deaths per 10,000 person-years, versus 36 and 32 in Marche and Sicily). In Lombardy, early and full implementation of adult COVID-19 vaccination was associated with the largest reduction in all-cause deaths compared to Marche and Sicily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corrao
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (A.T.); (M.F.)
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Porcu
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (A.T.); (M.F.)
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Specialization School of Health Statistics and Biometrics, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Alina Tratsevich
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (A.T.); (M.F.)
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Cereda
- Preventive Unit of Welfare Department, Lombardy Region, 20124 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pavesi
- General Directorate of Welfare Department, Lombardy Region, 20124 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Matteo Franchi
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (A.T.); (M.F.)
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Gehring S, Kowalzik F, Okasha O, Engelmann T, Schreiner D, Jensen C, Mähringer-Kunz A, Hartig-Merkel W, Mai Phuong Tran T, Oostvogels C, Verstraeten T. A prospective cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced seroconversion and disease incidence in German healthcare workers before and during the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294025. [PMID: 38289913 PMCID: PMC10826949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed the seroepidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) before and during the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, in a prospective observational cohort study on healthcare workers (HCWs) in a large tertiary hospital in Mainz, Germany. Antibody status was assessed during six visits between September 2020 and February 2022. Self-reported symptoms were collected using a smartphone application; symptomatic HCWs were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for SARS-CoV-2. Rates of virologically confirmed and severe COVID-19 were estimated using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) case definitions, respectively, and were contrasted to background community transmission and circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. A total of 3665 HCWs were enrolled (mean follow-up time: 18 months); 97 met the FDA definition of virologically confirmed COVID-19 (incidence rate (IR) 2.3/1000 person-months (PMs), one severe case). Most cases reported ≥2 symptoms, commonly, cough and anosmia or ageusia. Overall, 263 individuals seroconverted (IR 6.6/1000 PMs-2.9 times the estimated IR of COVID-19), indicating many cases were missed, either due to asymptomatic infections or to an atypical presentation of symptoms. A triphasic trend in anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and seroconversion was observed, with an initial increase following the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, a two-fold decline six months later, and finally a six-fold increase by the end of the study when Omicron was the dominant circulating variant. Despite the increase in infection rates at the end of the study due to the circulation of the Omicron variant, the infection and disease rates observed were lower than the published estimates in HCWs and rates in the general local population. Preferential vaccination of HCWs and the strict monitoring program for SARS-CoV-2 infection are the most likely reasons for the successful control of COVID-19 in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Gehring
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Kowalzik
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar Okasha
- P95 Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tobias Engelmann
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Schreiner
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Jensen
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Raveendran AV, Giordano R, Arendt-Nielsen L. Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Condition: Past, Present and Future Research Directions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2959. [PMID: 38138102 PMCID: PMC10745830 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of symptoms after an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (long-COVID) has become a worldwide healthcare emergency but remains underestimated and undertreated due to a lack of recognition of the condition and knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. In fact, the prevalence of post-COVID symptoms ranges from 50% during the first months after the infection up to 20% two-years after. This perspective review aimed to map the existing literature on post-COVID symptoms and to identify gaps in the literature to guide the global effort toward an improved understanding of long-COVID and suggest future research directions. There is a plethora of symptomatology that can be due to COVID-19; however, today, there is no clear classification and definition of this condition, termed long-COVID or post-COVID-19 condition. The heterogeneity in the symptomatology has led to the presence of groups/clusters of patients, which could exhibit different risk factors and different mechanisms. Viral persistence, long-lasting inflammation, immune dysregulation, autoimmune reactions, reactivation of latent infections, endothelial dysfunction and alteration in gut microbiota have been proposed as potential mechanisms explaining the complexity of long-COVID. In such an equation, viral biology (e.g., re-infections, SARS-CoV-2 variants), host biology (e.g., genetics, epigenetics) and external factors (e.g., vaccination) should be also considered. These various factors will be discussed in the current perspective review and future directions suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Fernández-de-las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (R.G.); (L.A.-N.)
| | | | - Rocco Giordano
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (R.G.); (L.A.-N.)
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (R.G.); (L.A.-N.)
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Mech-Sense, Aalborg University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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5
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Chang C, Zhang X, Feng Y, Jin R, Sun L, Liang Y, Liu X, Ma Y, Song J, Xiang P, Zhang E, Chen L, Jiang Y, Huang K, Wang W, Chen Y, Sun Y. COVID-19 vaccine uptake and hesitancy in Chinese patients with asthma. J Asthma 2023; 60:2111-2120. [PMID: 37272671 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2023.2220790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both patients and physicians may be hesitant toward vaccination in patients with asthma, which may result in lower vaccine uptake. The aim of this work was to investigate the vaccination rate, the adverse reactions, as well as the factors associated with vaccine acceptance and hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccination among asthmatic patients in Beijing. METHODS A multi-center, cross-sectional face-to-face survey was conducted in patients with asthma consecutively recruited from December 2021 to April 2022. The survey included asthma status, COVID-19 vaccine uptake and adverse reactions, and knowledge of and attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS A total of 261 patients were enrolled. The rate of COVID-19 vaccination during the study period was 73.6%, as compared to 87.64% in the general population in China. Patients who were currently working, had received other vaccines in the past, and had had no adverse reactions to other vaccines, showed a higher rate of COVID-19 vaccination. Patients believing that the vaccination of family members and colleagues had a positive impact on their decision to get vaccinated, were more likely to get the COVID-19 vaccines. The COVID-19 vaccination rate was lower in those with poorly monitored asthma and those using biologic therapies. The adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines in asthmatic patients were similar to those in the general population. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 vaccination rate in asthmatic patients was lower than the general population in China. Active measures should be taken to control asthma and increase vaccination rates in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanliang Ma
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Erming Zhang
- Peking University of Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Beijing Jingmei Group General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Jiang
- Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kewu Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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6
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Haseeb A, Abuhussain SSA, Alghamdi S, Bahshwan SM, Mahrous AJ, Alzahrani YA, Alzahrani AF, AlQarni A, AlGethamy M, Naji AS, Khogeer AAO, Iqbal MS, Godman B, Saleem Z. Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance during the COVID-19 Era among Hospitals in Saudi Arabia and the Implications. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1609. [PMID: 37998811 PMCID: PMC10668720 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The inappropriate prescribing of antimicrobials increases antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which poses an appreciable threat to public health, increasing morbidity and mortality. Inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing includes their prescribing in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, despite limited evidence of bacterial infections or coinfections. Knowledge of current antimicrobial utilization in Saudi Arabia is currently limited. Consequently, the objective of this study was to document current antimicrobial prescribing patterns among Saudi hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study included patients with or without COVID-19 who were admitted to five hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Data were gathered using the Global PPS methodology and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Out of 897 hospitalized patients, 518 were treated with antibiotics (57.7%), with an average of 1.9 antibiotics per patient. There were 174 culture reports collected, representing 36.5% of all cases. The most common indication for antibiotics use was community-acquired infections, accounting for 61.4% of all cases. 'Watch' antibiotics were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics, with the cephalosporins and carbapenems representing 38.7% of all antibiotics prescribed, followed by the penicillins (23.2%). Notably, Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Azithromycin were prescribed at relatively higher rates for COVID-19 patients. These findings highlight the need for continuous efforts to optimize the rational use of antibiotics through instigating appropriate antimicrobial stewardship programs in hospitals and, as a result, reduce AMR in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saleh Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 57911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad M. Bahshwan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J. Mahrous
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed A. Alzahrani
- Pharmacy Department, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayte 62411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albaraa Faraj Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullmoin AlQarni
- Infectious Diseases Department, Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal AlGethamy
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control Program, Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asem Saleh Naji
- Infectious Diseases Department, Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Abdulaziz Omar Khogeer
- Plan and Research Department, Ministry of Health (MOH), Makkah 12211, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maternity & Children Hospital, Makkah Healthcare Cluster, Ministry of Health, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16242, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Zikria Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
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7
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Mudenda S, Daka V, Matafwali SK, Skosana P, Chabalenge B, Mukosha M, Fadare JO, Mfune RL, Witika BA, Alumeta MG, Mufwambi W, Godman B, Meyer JC, Bwalya AG. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers in Lusaka, Zambia; Findings and Implications for the Future. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1350. [PMID: 37631918 PMCID: PMC10459437 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The uptake of COVID-19 vaccines is critical to address the severe consequences of the disease. Previous studies have suggested that many healthcare workers (HCWs) are hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, further enhancing hesitancy rates within countries. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy levels are currently unknown among HCWs in Zambia, which is a concern given the burden of infectious diseases in the country. Consequently, this study assessed COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among HCWs in Lusaka, Zambia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 HCWs between August and September 2022, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was used to determine the key factors associated with vaccine hesitancy among HCWs. Of the 240 HCWs who participated, 54.2% were females. A total of 72.1% of the HCWs would accept being vaccinated, while 27.9% were hesitant. Moreover, 93.3% of HCWs had positive attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines, with medical doctors having the highest mean attitude score (82%). Encouragingly, HCWs with positive attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines had reduced odds of being hesitant (AOR = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.11, p < 0.001). Overall, acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs in Lusaka, Zambia, was high, especially by those with positive attitudes. However, the current hesitancy among some HCWs is a concern. Consequently, there is a need to address this and encourage HCWs to fully promote vaccination programs going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (M.G.A.); (W.M.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Victor Daka
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola 21692, Zambia; (V.D.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Scott K. Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
| | - Phumzile Skosana
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
| | - Billy Chabalenge
- Department of Medicines Control, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Lusaka 31890, Zambia;
| | - Moses Mukosha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (M.G.A.); (W.M.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Joseph O. Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University College of Medicine, Ado-Ekiti 362103, Nigeria;
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti 362103, Nigeria
| | - Ruth L. Mfune
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola 21692, Zambia; (V.D.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Bwalya A. Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
| | - Mirriam G. Alumeta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (M.G.A.); (W.M.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Webrod Mufwambi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (M.G.A.); (W.M.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Molotlegi Street, Garankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Angela G. Bwalya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (M.G.A.); (W.M.); (A.G.B.)
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Falco MF, Meyer JC, Putter SJ, Underwood RS, Nabayiga H, Opanga S, Miljković N, Nyathi E, Godman B. Perceptions of and Practical Experience with the National Surveillance Centre in Managing Medicines Availability Amongst Users within Public Healthcare Facilities in South Africa: Findings and Implications. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1838. [PMID: 37444672 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of the National Surveillance Centre (NSC) has improved the efficiency and effectiveness of managing medicines availability within the public healthcare system in South Africa. However, at present, there is limited data regarding the perceptions among users of the NSC and challenges that need addressing. A descriptive quantitative study was performed among all registered active NSC users between August and November 2022. Overall, 114/169 users responded to a custom-developed, self-administered questionnaire (67.5% response rate). Most respondents used the Stock Visibility System (SVS) National Department of Health (NDoH) (66.7% for medicines and 51.8% for personal protective equipment (PPE) or SVS COVID-19 (64.9% for COVID-19 vaccines) or RxSolution (57.0% manual report or 42.1% application programming interface (API)) for reporting medicines, PPE, and COVID-19 vaccines to the NSC and were confident in the accuracy of the reported data. Most respondents focused on both medicines availability and reporting compliance when accessing the NSC, with the integrated medicines availability dashboard and the COVID-19 vaccine dashboard being the most popular. The respondents believed the NSC allowed ease of access to data and improved data quality to better monitor medicines availability and use. Identified areas for improvement included improving internet connectivity, retraining some users, standardising the dashboards, adding more data points and reports, and expanding user adoption by increasing licence limits. Overall, this study found that the NSC in South Africa provides an effective solution for monitoring and improving medicines availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco F Falco
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- United States Agency for International Development Global Health Supply Chain-Technical Assistance, Hatfield, Pretoria 0083, South Africa
| | - Johanna C Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Susan J Putter
- United States Agency for International Development Global Health Supply Chain-Technical Assistance, Hatfield, Pretoria 0083, South Africa
| | - Richard S Underwood
- United States Agency for International Development Global Health Supply Chain-Technical Assistance, Hatfield, Pretoria 0083, South Africa
| | - Hellen Nabayiga
- Management Science Department, Strathclyde Business School, University of Strathclyde, 199 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0QU, UK
| | - Sylvia Opanga
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya
| | - Nenad Miljković
- Institute of Orthopaedics Banjica, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ephodia Nyathi
- Affordable Medicine Directorate, National Department of Health, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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9
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Zhao S, Luo K, Guo Y, Fang M, Sun Q, Dai Z, Yang H, Zhan Z, Hu S, Chen T, Li X. Analysis of Factors Influencing the Clinical Severity of Omicron and Delta Variants. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:330. [PMID: 37368748 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Omicron variant is the dominant strain circulating globally, and studies have shown that Omicron cases have milder symptoms than Delta cases. This study aimed to analyze the factors that affect the clinical severity of Omicron and Delta variants, evaluate and compare the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines with different technological platforms, and assess the vaccine effectiveness against different variants. We retrospectively collected the basic information of all local COVID-19 cases reported by Hunan Province to the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System from January 2021 to February 2023, including gender, age, clinical severity, and COVID-19 vaccination history. From 1 January 2021 to 28 February 2023, Hunan Province reported a total of 60,668 local COVID-19 cases, of which, 134 were infected with the Delta variant and 60,534 were infected with the Omicron variant. The results showed that infection with the Omicron variant (adjusted OR (aOR): 0.21, 95% CI: 0.14-0.31), getting vaccinated (booster immunization vs. unvaccinated aOR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.23-0.39) and being female (aOR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.79-0.85) were protective factors for pneumonia, while old age (≥60 years vs. <3 years aOR: 4.58, 95% CI: 3.36-6.22) was a risk factor for pneumonia. Being vaccinated (booster immunization vs. unvaccinated aOR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.09-0.15) and female (aOR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.50-0.59) were protective factors for severe cases, while older age (≥60 years vs. < 3 years aOR: 4.95, 95% CI: 1.83-13.39) was a risk factor for severe cases. The three types of vaccines had protective effects on both pneumonia and severe cases, and the protective effect on severe cases was better than that on pneumonia. The recombinant subunit vaccine booster immunization had the best protective effect on pneumonia and severe cases, with ORs of 0.29 (95% CI: 0.2-0.44) and 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02-0.17), respectively. The risk of pneumonia from Omicron variant infection was lower than that from Delta. Chinese-produced vaccines had protective effects on both pneumonia and severe cases, with recombinant subunit vaccines having the best protective effect on pneumonia and severe pneumonia cases. Booster immunization should be advocated in COVID-19 pandemic-related control and prevention policies, especially for the elderly, and booster immunization should be accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlu Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Changsha 410005, China
| | - Kaiwei Luo
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Changsha 410005, China
| | - Yichao Guo
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mingli Fang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Changsha 410005, China
| | - Qianlai Sun
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Changsha 410005, China
| | - Zhihui Dai
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Changsha 410005, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Changsha 410005, China
| | - Zhifei Zhan
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Changsha 410005, China
| | - Shixiong Hu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Changsha 410005, China
| | - Tianmu Chen
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Changsha 410005, China
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10
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Shabir A, Alkubaisi NA, Shafiq A, Salman M, Baraka MA, Mustafa ZU, Khan YH, Malhi TH, Meyer JC, Godman B. COVID-19 Vaccination Status as Well as Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Prisoners and the Implications. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1081. [PMID: 37376470 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prisoners form a population who are highly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to overcrowding, limited movement, and a poor living environment. Consequently, there is a need to ascertain the status of COVID-19 vaccination and factors associated with hesitancy among prisoners. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was undertaken among prisoners at three district jails in Punjab Province, Pakistan. A total of 381 prisoners participated and none of the study participants had received an influenza vaccine this year. In total, 53% received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, with the majority having two doses. The top three reasons of vaccine acceptance were "fear of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection" (56.9%), "desire to return to a pre-pandemic routine as soon as possible" (56.4%), and "having no doubts on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines" (39.6%). There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in any demographic variables between vaccinated and unvaccinated prisoners except for age, which was strongly association with COVID-19 vaccine uptake (χ2(3) = 76.645, p < 0.001, Cramer's V = 0.457). Among the unvaccinated prisoners (N = 179), only 16 subsequently showed willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. The top three reasons for hesitancy were: COVID-19 is not a real problem/disease (60.1%), safety concerns (51.1%), and COVID-19 vaccine is a conspiracy (50.3%). Efforts are needed to address their concerns given this population's risks and high hesitancy rates, especially among younger prisoners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Shabir
- Department of Medicines, Tehsil Headquarter (THQ) Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Noorah A Alkubaisi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amna Shafiq
- Department of Medicines, Tehsil Headquarter (THQ) Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed A Baraka
- Clinical Pharmacy Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, AlAin Campus, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Zia Ul Mustafa
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy Services, District Headquarter (DHQ) Hospital, Pakpattan 57400, Pakistan
| | - Yusra Habib Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tauqeer Hussain Malhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johanna C Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Abdel-Qader DH, Abdel-Qader H, Silverthorne J, Kongkaew C, Meslamani AZA, Hayajneh W, Alwahadneh AM, Hamadi S, Abu-Qatouseh L, Awad R, Al Nsour M, Alhariri A, Shnewer K, Da'ssan M, Obeidat NM, Nusair KE, Jalamdeh MS, Hawari F, Asad M, AbuRuz S. Real-World Effectiveness of Four Types of COVID-19 Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050985. [PMID: 37243089 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a scarcity of evidence regarding the real-world effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. This was the first study to evaluate the effectiveness of four types of vaccines against asymptomatic and symptomatic infection, and COVID-19 outcomes among the general population. METHODS This was a matched comparison group quasi-experimental study conducted in Jordan between 1 January and 29 August 2021. In the first part of the study, 1200 fully vaccinated individuals were matched with 1200 unvaccinated control participants. In order to measure vaccine effectiveness, the infection rates of both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were calculated. The second part of the study included measuring specific anti-SARS CoV-2 immune cells and antibodies. RESULTS BNT162b2 (Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) showed a significantly higher effectiveness against asymptomatic COVID-19 infection (91.7%) and hospitalization (99.5%) than BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm, Beijing, China) (88.4% and 98.7%, respectively) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK) (84.3%, and 98.9%, respectively). The effectiveness rates of the Sputnik V (Gamaleya Research Institute, Moscow, Russia) vaccine against asymptomatic, symptomatic, and hospitalization were 100%, 100%, and 66.7%, respectively. The highest median anti-spike (S) IgG values were seen in individuals who received BNT162b2 (2.9 AU/mL) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (2.8 AU/mL) vaccines. The levels of anti-S IgG were significantly decreased after 7 months of vaccination with BNT162b2 and BBIBP-CorV. There were significant decreases in the median number of neutralizing antibodies one month and seven months after receiving BNT162b2 (from 88.5 to 75.2 4 Bioequivalent Allergen Unit per milliliter/mL), BBIBP-CorV (from 69.5 to 51.5 BAU/mL), and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (from 69.2 to 58.BAU/mL) vaccines. The highest percentage of T cells specific to COVID-19 vaccine was found in individuals who received BNT162b2 (88.5%). CONCLUSION All four vaccines evaluated in this study showed effectiveness against asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, symptomatic infection, hospitalization, and death. Furthermore, BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 induced high levels of immunology markers within one month of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derar H Abdel-Qader
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
- Al Rashid Hospital Center, Amman 11623, Jordan
| | | | - Jennifer Silverthorne
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chuenjid Kongkaew
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Ahmad Z Al Meslamani
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wail Hayajneh
- School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid 3030, Jordan
| | | | - Salim Hamadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Luay Abu-Qatouseh
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Riad Awad
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Mohannad Al Nsour
- Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET), Amman 11195, Jordan
| | | | | | | | - Nathir M Obeidat
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | | | | | | | - Mohammad Asad
- Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET), Amman 11195, Jordan
| | - Salah AbuRuz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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12
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Solforosi L, Costes LMM, Tolboom JTBM, McMahan K, Anioke T, Hope D, Murdza T, Sciacca M, Bouffard E, Barrett J, Wu C, Hachmann N, Miller J, Yu J, He X, Jacob-Dolan C, Huber SKR, Dekking L, Chamanza R, Choi Y, Boer KFD, Barouch DH, Schuitemaker H, Zahn RC, Wegmann F. Booster with Ad26.COV2.S or Omicron-adapted vaccine enhanced immunity and efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in macaques. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1944. [PMID: 37029141 PMCID: PMC10080532 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Omicron spike (S) encoding vaccines as boosters, are a potential strategy to improve COVID-19 vaccine efficacy against Omicron. Here, macaques (mostly females) previously immunized with Ad26.COV2.S, are boosted with Ad26.COV2.S, Ad26.COV2.S.529 (encoding Omicron BA.1 S) or a 1:1 combination of both vaccines. All booster vaccinations elicit a rapid antibody titers increase against WA1/2020 and Omicron S. Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 antibody responses are most effectively boosted by vaccines including Ad26.COV2.S.529. Independent of vaccine used, mostly WA1/2020-reactive or WA1/2020-Omicron BA.1 cross-reactive B cells are detected. Ad26.COV2.S.529 containing boosters provide only slightly higher protection of the lower respiratory tract against Omicron BA.1 challenge compared with Ad26.COV2.S-only booster. Antibodies and cellular immune responses are identified as complementary correlates of protection. Overall, a booster with an Omicron-spike based vaccine provide only moderately improved immune responses and protection compared with the original Wuhan-Hu-1-spike based vaccine, which still provide robust immune responses and protection against Omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea M M Costes
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tochi Anioke
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Hope
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tetyana Murdza
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela Sciacca
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Bouffard
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Barrett
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cindy Wu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Hachmann
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Miller
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuan He
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Ronnie Chamanza
- Non-Clinical Safety Toxicology/Pathology, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ying Choi
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Roland C Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank Wegmann
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands.
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13
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Hernández-Díazcouder A, Díaz-Godínez C, Carrero JC. Extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 prognosis, treatment, and vaccination: an update. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2131-2141. [PMID: 36917275 PMCID: PMC10012322 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The lethality of the COVID 19 pandemic became the trigger for one of the most meteoric races on record in the search for strategies of disease control. Those include development of rapid and sensitive diagnostic methods, therapies to treat severe cases, and development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the latter responsible for the current relative control of the disease. However, the commercially available vaccines are still far from conferring protection against acquiring the infection, so the development of more efficient vaccines that can cut the transmission of the variants of concerns that currently predominate and those that will emerge is a prevailing need. On the other hand, considering that COVID 19 is here to stay, the development of new diagnosis and treatment strategies is also desirable. In this sense, there has recently been a great interest in taking advantage of the benefits offered by extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane structures of nanoscale size that carry information between cells participating in this manner in many physiological homeostatic and pathological processes. The interest has been focused on the fact that EVs are relatively easy to obtain and manipulate, allowing the design of natural nanocarriers that deliver molecules of interest, as well as the information about the pathogens, which can be exploited for the aforementioned purposes. Studies have shown that infection with SARS-CoV-2 induces the release of EVs from different sources, including platelets, and that their increase in blood, as well as some of their markers, could be used as a prognosis of disease severity. Likewise, EVs from different sources are being used as the ideal carriers for delivering active molecules and drugs to treat the disease, as well as vaccine antigens. In this review, we describe the progress that has been made in these three years of pandemic regarding the use of EVs for diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection. KEY POINTS: • Covid-19 still requires more effective and specific treatments and vaccines. • The use of extracellular vesicles is emerging as an option with multiple advantages. • Association of EVs with COVID 19 and engineered EVs for its control are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Hernández-Díazcouder
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de México (UNITEC), Estado de México, Los Reyes, México
| | - César Díaz-Godínez
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de México (UNITEC), Estado de México, Los Reyes, México
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julio César Carrero
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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14
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Severa M, Rizzo F, Sinigaglia A, Ricci D, Etna MP, Cola G, Landi D, Buscarinu MC, Valdarchi C, Ristori G, Riccetti S, Piubelli C, Palmerini P, Rosato A, Gobbi F, Balducci S, Marfia GA, Salvetti M, Barzon L, Coccia EM. A specific anti‐COVID‐19 BNT162b2 vaccine‐induced early innate immune signature positively correlates with the humoral protective response in healthy and multiple sclerosis vaccine recipients. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1434. [PMID: 36969367 PMCID: PMC10036198 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The very rapidly approved mRNA‐based vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein, including Pfizer‐BioNTech BNT162b2, are effective in protecting from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in immunocompetent population. However, establishing the duration and identifying correlates of vaccine‐induced protection will be crucial to optimise future immunisation strategies. Here, we studied in healthy vaccine recipients and people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), undergoing different therapies, the regulation of innate immune response by mRNA vaccination in order to correlate it with the magnitude of vaccine‐induced protective humoral responses. Methods Healthy subjects (n = 20) and matched pwMS (n = 22) were longitudinally sampled before and after mRNA vaccination. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)‐associated type I and II interferon (IFN)‐inducible gene expression, serum innate cytokine/chemokine profile as well as binding and neutralising anti‐SARS‐COV‐2 antibodies (Abs) were measured. Results We identified an early immune module composed of the IFN‐inducible genes Mx1, OAS1 and IRF1, the serum cytokines IL‐15, IL‐6, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ and the chemokines IP‐10, MCP‐1 and MIG, induced 1 day post second and third BNT162b2 vaccine doses, strongly correlating with magnitude of humoral response to vaccination in healthy and MS vaccinees. Moreover, induction of the early immune module was dramatically affected in pwMS treated with fingolimod and ocrelizumab, both groups unable to induce a protective humoral response to COVID‐19 vaccine. Conclusion Overall, this study suggests that the vaccine‐induced early regulation of innate immunity is mediated by IFN signalling, impacts on the magnitude of adaptive responses and it might be indicative of vaccine‐induced humoral protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Severa
- Department of Infectious DiseaseIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | - Fabiana Rizzo
- Department of Infectious DiseaseIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | - Daniela Ricci
- Department of Infectious DiseaseIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | - Gaia Cola
- Department of Systems MedicineMS center Tor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Doriana Landi
- Department of Systems MedicineMS center Tor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | | | - Catia Valdarchi
- Department of Infectious DiseaseIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Center for Experimental Neurological TherapiesSant'Andrea HospitalRomeItaly
- Neuroimmunology UnitIRCCS Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly
| | - Silvia Riccetti
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - Chiara Piubelli
- Department of Infectious‐Tropical Diseases and MicrobiologyIRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria HospitalNegrar di ValpolicellaItaly
| | - Pierangela Palmerini
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology SectionUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology SectionUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV – IRCCSPaduaItaly
| | - Federico Gobbi
- Department of Infectious‐Tropical Diseases and MicrobiologyIRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria HospitalNegrar di ValpolicellaItaly
| | | | | | - Marco Salvetti
- Center for Experimental Neurological TherapiesSant'Andrea HospitalRomeItaly
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NeuromedPozzilliItaly
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
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15
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Rzymski P, Szuster-Ciesielska A, Dzieciątkowski T, Gwenzi W, Fal A. mRNA vaccines: The future of prevention of viral infections? J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28572. [PMID: 36762592 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID-19 are the first authorized biological preparations developed using this platform. During the pandemic, their administration has been proven to be a life-saving intervention. Here, we review the main advantages of using mRNA vaccines, identify further technological challenges to be met during the development of the mRNA platform, and provide an update on the clinical progress on leading mRNA vaccine candidates against different viruses that include influenza viruses, human immunodeficiency virus 1, respiratory syncytial virus, Nipah virus, Zika virus, human cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. The prospects and challenges of manufacturing mRNA vaccines in low-income countries are also discussed. The ongoing interest and research in mRNA technology are likely to overcome some existing challenges for this technology (e.g., related to storage conditions and immunogenicity of some components of lipid nanoparticles) and enhance the portfolio of vaccines against diseases for which classical formulations are already authorized. It may also open novel pathways of protection against infections and their consequences for which no safe and efficient immunization methods are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.,Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szuster-Ciesielska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Willis Gwenzi
- Alexander von Humboldt Fellow & Guest Professor, Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Universität Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany.,Alexander von Humboldt Fellow & Guest Professor, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andrzej Fal
- Collegium Medicum, Warsaw Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Public Health, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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16
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Naidich G, Santucci NE, Pezzotto SM, Ceccarelli EA, Bottasso OA, Perichón AM. The long-term antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 prime-boost vaccination in healthy individuals. The positive influence of extended between-dose intervals and heterologous schedule. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1141794. [PMID: 37138861 PMCID: PMC10149934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1141794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anti-COVID vaccination in Argentina was carried out using different protocols and variations in periods between administrations, as well as combinations of different vaccine platforms. Considering the relevance of the antibody response in viral infections, we analyzed anti-S antibodies in healthy people at different points of time following the Sputnik immunization procedure. Methods We attended the vaccination centers in the city of Rosario, which had shorter versus longer intervals between both doses. A total of (1021) adults with no COVID-compatible symptoms (throughout the study period) were grouped according to the gap between both vaccine doses: 21 (Group A, n=528), 30 (Group B, n=147), and 70 days (Group C, n=82), as well as an additional group of individuals with heterologous vaccination (Sputnik/Moderna, separated by a 107-day interval, group D, n=264). Results and conclusions While there were no between-group differences in baseline levels of specific antibodies, data collected several weeks after administering the second dose showed that group D had the highest amounts of specific antibodies, followed by values recorded in Groups C, B, and A. The same pattern of group differences was seen when measuring anti-S antibodies at 21 or 180 days after the first and second doses, respectively. Delayed between-dose intervals coexisted with higher antibody titers. This happened even more when using a prime-boost heterologous schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretel Naidich
- Centro Unico de Donación, Ablación e Implantación de Organos (CUDAIO), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia E. Santucci
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Natalia Santucci, ;
| | - Stella Maris Pezzotto
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Concejo de Investigaciones de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A. Ceccarelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Oscar A. Bottasso
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Concejo de Investigaciones de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - A. Mario Perichón
- Centro Unico de Donación, Ablación e Implantación de Organos (CUDAIO), Santa Fe, Argentina
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17
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Laczkó T, Ács P, Morvay-Sey K, Cselik B, Stocker M. The Role of Sports in the Subjective Psychological Well-Being of Hungarian Adult Population in Three Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:660. [PMID: 36612976 PMCID: PMC9819107 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: In this study, sport and subjective psychological well-being is investigated in three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: We have conducted three different representative sample surveys (n = 3600 altogether) on the Hungarian adult population and investigated the sample's subjective psychological well-being with the WHO-5 Well-Being Index, as well as changes in their subjective well-being through the different waves of the pandemic. Sporting habits and socio-economic variables were also surveyed, and OLS regression models were created focused on the WHO-5 measures. (3) Results: The subjective psychological well-being of the Hungarian adult population decreased significantly, but in the second and third wave of pandemic restrictions, an increase in subjective psychological well-being has been measured. The relationships between the time spent on doing sports and subjective psychological well-being were significant in each pandemic waves. The highest subjective psychological well-being and its highest increase were reported by those who could increase their time spent on doing sports as well. (4) Conclusions: The relationships between the sports activities, physical health, size of settlement, changes in income and subjective psychological well-being of the Hungarian adult population were significant in all three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Laczkó
- Institute of Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u.3, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Pongrác Ács
- Physical Activity Research Team, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u.3, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kata Morvay-Sey
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u.3, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bence Cselik
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u.3, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Miklós Stocker
- Institute of Strategy and Management, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, 1093 Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Peng S, Tian Y, Meng L, Fang R, Chang W, Yang Y, Li S, Shen Q, Ni J, Zhu W. The safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with myasthenia gravis: A scoping review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1103020. [PMID: 36618419 PMCID: PMC9812949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccines are required for individuals with myasthenia gravis (MG), as these patients are more likely to experience severe pneumonia, myasthenia crises, and higher mortality rate. However, direct data on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with MG are lacking, which results in hesitation in vaccination. This scoping was conducted to collect and summarize the existing evidence on this issue. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for studies using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Article titles, authors, study designs, demographics of patients, vaccination information, adverse events (AEs), significant findings, and conclusions of included studies were recorded and summarized. Results Twenty-nine studies conducted in 16 different countries in 2021 and 2022 were included. Study designs included case report, case series, cohort study, cross-sectional study, survey-based study, chart review, and systemic review. A total of 1347 patients were included. The vaccines used included BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, inactivated vaccines, and recombinant subunit vaccines. Fifteen case studies included 48 patients reported that 23 experienced new-onset, and five patients experienced flare of symptoms. Eleven other types of studies included 1299 patients reported that nine patients experienced new-onset, and 60 participants experienced flare of symptoms. Common AEs included local pain, fatigue, asthenia, cephalalgia, fever, and myalgia. Most patients responded well to treatment without severe sequelae. Evidence gaps include limited strength of study designs, type and dose of vaccines varied, inconsistent window of risk and exacerbation criteria, limited number of participants, and lack of efficacy evaluation. Conclusion COVID-19 vaccines may cause new-onset or worsening of MG in a small proportion of population. Large-scale, multicenter, prospective, and rigorous studies are required to verify their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Peng
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yukun Tian
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linghao Meng
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiying Fang
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqian Chang
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ji’nan Hospital (Ji’nan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shandong, China
| | - Yajing Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yuyuantan Community Health Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohong Li
- Treatment Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China,Treatment Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Shen
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Ni
- Department of Acupuncture, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzeng Zhu
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Wenzeng Zhu,
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19
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Saleem Z, Godman B, Cook A, Khan MA, Campbell SM, Seaton RA, Siachalinga L, Haseeb A, Amir A, Kurdi A, Mwita JC, Sefah IA, Opanga SA, Fadare JO, Ogunleye OO, Meyer JC, Massele A, Kibuule D, Kalungia AC, Shahwan M, Nabayiga H, Pichierri G, Moore CE. Ongoing Efforts to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization in Hospitals among African Countries and Implications for the Future. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1824. [PMID: 36551481 PMCID: PMC9774141 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There are serious concerns with rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across countries increasing morbidity, mortality and costs. These concerns have resulted in a plethora of initiatives globally and nationally including national action plans (NAPs) to reduce AMR. Africa is no exception, especially with the highest rates of AMR globally. Key activities in NAPs include gaining a greater understanding of current antimicrobial utilization patterns through point prevalence surveys (PPS) and subsequently instigating antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). Consequently, there is a need to comprehensively document current utilization patterns among hospitals across Africa coupled with ASP studies. In total, 33 PPS studies ranging from single up to 18 hospitals were documented from a narrative review with typically over 50% of in-patients prescribed antimicrobials, up to 97.6% in Nigeria. The penicillins, ceftriaxone and metronidazole, were the most prescribed antibiotics. Appreciable extended prescribing of antibiotics up to 6 days or more post-operatively was seen across Africa to prevent surgical site infections. At least 19 ASPs have been instigated across Africa in recent years to improve future prescribing utilizing a range of prescribing indicators. The various findings resulted in a range of suggested activities that key stakeholders, including governments and healthcare professionals, should undertake in the short, medium and long term to improve future antimicrobial prescribing and reduce AMR across Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikria Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Molotlegi Street, Garankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Aislinn Cook
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | | | - Stephen M. Campbell
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Molotlegi Street, Garankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ronald Andrew Seaton
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
- Scottish Antimicrobial Prescribing Group, Healthcare Improvement Scotland, Delta House, 50 West Nile Street, Glasgow G1 2NP, UK
| | - Linda Siachalinga
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afreenish Amir
- Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Amanj Kurdi
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Molotlegi Street, Garankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Julius C. Mwita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0713 UB, Gaborone 00704, Botswana
| | - Israel Abebrese Sefah
- Pharmacy Practice Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Volta Region, Hohoe PMB 31, Ghana
| | - Sylvia A. Opanga
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya
| | - Joseph O. Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti 362103, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti 360211, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka O. Ogunleye
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja 100271, Nigeria
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Molotlegi Street, Garankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Molotlegi Street, Garankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Amos Massele
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hurbert Kairuki Memorial University, 70 Chwaku Road Mikocheni, Dar Es Salaam P.O. Box 65300, Tanzania
| | - Dan Kibuule
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Busitema University, Mbale P.O. Box 236, Uganda
| | - Aubrey C. Kalungia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hellen Nabayiga
- Management Science Department, Strathclyde Business School, University of Strathclyde, 199 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0QU, UK
| | - Giuseppe Pichierri
- Microbiology Department, Torbay and South Devon Foundation Trust, Lowes Bridge Torbay Hospital, Torquay TQ2 7AA, UK
| | - Catrin E. Moore
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
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20
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Mudenda S, Mukosha M, Godman B, Fadare JO, Ogunleye OO, Meyer JC, Skosana P, Chama J, Daka V, Matafwali SK, Chabalenge B, Witika BA. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines among Secondary School Pupils in Zambia: Implications for Future Educational and Sensitisation Programmes. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:2141. [PMID: 36560551 PMCID: PMC9784903 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in the closure of schools to slow the spread of the virus across populations, and the administration of vaccines to protect people from severe disease, including school children and adolescents. In Zambia, there is currently little information on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among school-going children and adolescents despite their inclusion in the vaccination programme. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among secondary school pupils in Lusaka, Zambia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2022 to October 2022. Of the 998 participants, 646 (64.7%) were female, and 127 (12.7%) would accept to be vaccinated. Those who were willing to be vaccinated had better knowledge (68.5% vs. 56.3%) and a positive attitude (79.1% vs. 33.7%) compared to those who were hesitant. Overall, the odds of vaccine acceptance were higher among pupils who had higher knowledge scores (AOR = 11.75, 95% CI: 6.51-21.2), positive attitude scores (AOR = 9.85, 95% CI: 4.35-22.2), and those who knew a friend or relative who had died from COVID-19 (AOR = 3.27, 95% CI: 2.14-5.09). The low vaccine acceptance among pupils is of public health concern, emphasising the need for heightened sensitisation programmes that promote vaccine acceptance among pupils in Zambia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Moses Mukosha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Joseph O. Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University College of Medicine, Ado-Ekiti 362103, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti 362103, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka O. Ogunleye
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation and Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Phumzile Skosana
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Jacob Chama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Victor Daka
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola P.O. Box 71191, Zambia
| | - Scott K. Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Billy Chabalenge
- Department of Medicines Control, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Lusaka P.O. Box 31890, Zambia
| | - Bwalya A. Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
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21
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Meyer JC, MacBride-Stewart S, Fadare JO, Abdulrahman Jairoun A, Haque M, Massele A, Kumar S, Sefah IA, P Skosana P, Godman B. Key Considerations From a Health Authority Perspective When Proton Pump Inhibitors Are Used to Treat Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Their Implications. Cureus 2022; 14:e31918. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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22
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Notarte KI, Catahay JA, Velasco JV, Pastrana A, Ver AT, Pangilinan FC, Peligro PJ, Casimiro M, Guerrero JJ, Gellaco MML, Lippi G, Henry BM, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C. Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of developing long-COVID and on existing long-COVID symptoms: A systematic review. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 53:101624. [PMID: 36051247 PMCID: PMC9417563 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although COVID-19 vaccination decreases the risk of severe illness, it is unclear whether vaccine administration may impact the prevalence of long-COVID. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the association between COVID-19 vaccination and long-COVID symptomatology. METHODS MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, as well as medRxiv and bioRxiv preprint servers were searched up to June 20, 2022. Peer-reviewed studies or preprints monitoring multiple symptoms appearing after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection either before or after COVID-19 vaccination collected by personal, telephone or electronic interviews were included. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. FINDINGS From 2584 studies identified, 11 peer-reviewed studies and six preprints were included. The methodological quality of 82% (n=14/17) studies was high. Six studies (n=17,256,654 individuals) investigated the impact of vaccines before acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (vaccine-infection-long-COVID design). Overall, vaccination was associated with reduced risks or odds of long-COVID, with preliminary evidence suggesting that two doses are more effective than one dose. Eleven studies (n=36,736 COVID-19 survivors) investigated changes in long-COVID symptoms after vaccination (infection-long-COVID-vaccine design). Seven articles showed an improvement in long-COVID symptoms at least one dose post-vaccination, while four studies reported no change or worsening in long-COVID symptoms after vaccination. INTERPRETATION Low level of evidence (grade III, case-controls, cohort studies) suggests that vaccination before SARS-CoV-2 infection could reduce the risk of subsequent long-COVID. The impact of vaccination in people with existing long-COVID symptoms is still controversial, with some data showing changes in symptoms and others did not. These assumptions are limited to those vaccines used in the studies. FUNDING The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM study supported by a grant of Comunidad de Madrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Adriel Pastrana
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Michael Casimiro
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jonathan Jaime Guerrero
- Learning Unit 3, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Brandon Michael Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, OH, USA
| | - César Fernández-de-las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author at: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón 28922, Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Ogunleye OO, Godman B, Fadare JO, Mudenda S, Adeoti AO, Yinka-Ogunleye AF, Ogundele SO, Oyawole MR, Schönfeldt M, Rashed WM, Galal AM, Masuka N, Zaranyika T, Kalungia AC, Malande OO, Kibuule D, Massele A, Chikowe I, Khuluza F, Taruvinga T, Alfadl A, Malik E, Oluka M, Opanga S, Ankrah DNA, Sefah IA, Afriyie D, Tagoe ET, Amu AA, Msibi MP, Etando A, Alabi ME, Okwen P, Niba LL, Mwita JC, Rwegerera GM, Kgatlwane J, Jairoun AA, Ejekam C, Mavenyengwa RT, Murimi-Worstell I, Campbell SM, Meyer JC. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic across Africa: Current Status of Vaccinations and Implications for the Future. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091553. [PMID: 36146631 PMCID: PMC9504201 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of effective vaccines in December 2020 marked a significant step forward in the global response to COVID-19. Given concerns with access, acceptability, and hesitancy across Africa, there is a need to describe the current status of vaccine uptake in the continent. An exploratory study was undertaken to investigate these aspects, current challenges, and lessons learnt across Africa to provide future direction. Senior personnel across 14 African countries completed a self-administered questionnaire, with a descriptive analysis of the data. Vaccine roll-out commenced in March 2021 in most countries. COVID-19 vaccination coverage varied from low in Cameroon and Tanzania and up to 39.85% full coverage in Botswana at the end of 2021; that is, all doses advocated by initial protocols versus the total population, with rates increasing to 58.4% in Botswana by the end of June 2022. The greatest increase in people being fully vaccinated was observed in Uganda (20.4% increase), Botswana (18.5% increase), and Zambia (17.9% increase). Most vaccines were obtained through WHO-COVAX agreements. Initially, vaccination was prioritised for healthcare workers (HCWs), the elderly, adults with co-morbidities, and other at-risk groups, with countries now commencing vaccination among children and administering booster doses. Challenges included irregular supply and considerable hesitancy arising from misinformation fuelled by social media activities. Overall, there was fair to reasonable access to vaccination across countries, enhanced by government initiatives. Vaccine hesitancy must be addressed with context-specific interventions, including proactive programmes among HCWs, medical journalists, and the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka O. Ogunleye
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 02084, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Joseph O. Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti 362103, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti 360211, Nigeria
| | - Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
| | - Adekunle O. Adeoti
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti 360211, Nigeria
| | | | - Sunday O. Ogundele
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
| | - Modupe R. Oyawole
- Department of Pharmacy, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
| | - Marione Schönfeldt
- Child, Youth and School Health Directorate, National Department of Health, Pretoria 0083, South Africa
| | - Wafaa M. Rashed
- Children’s Cancer Hospital, Egypt-57357 (CCHE-57357), Cairo 11441, Egypt
| | - Ahmad M. Galal
- Biomedical Research Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo 11774, Egypt
| | - Nyasha Masuka
- CIMAS, Cimas House, Borrowdale Office Park, Borrowdale Road, Harare P.O. Box 1243, Zimbabwe
| | - Trust Zaranyika
- Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare P.O. Box MP167, Zimbabwe
| | - Aubrey C. Kalungia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Oliver O. Malande
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 02084, South Africa
- Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Egerton University, Nakuru P.O.Box 536, Kenya
- East Africa Centre for Vaccines and Immunization (ECAVI), Namela House, Naguru, Kampala P.O. Box 3040, Uganda
| | - Dan Kibuule
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Busitema University, Mbale P.O. Box 236, Uganda
| | - Amos Massele
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hurbert Kairuki Memorial University, 70 Chwaku Road Mikocheni, Dar Es Salaam P.O. Box 65300, Tanzania
| | - Ibrahim Chikowe
- Pharmacy Department, Formerly College of Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), Blantyre P.O. Box 278, Malawi
| | - Felix Khuluza
- Pharmacy Department, Formerly College of Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), Blantyre P.O. Box 278, Malawi
| | - Tinotenda Taruvinga
- Department of Global Health and Development (GHD), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London WC1E 7TH, UK
| | - Abubakr Alfadl
- National Medicines and Poisons Board, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum P.O. Box 303, Sudan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elfatih Malik
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Margaret Oluka
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya
| | - Sylvia Opanga
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya
| | - Daniel N. A. Ankrah
- Department of Pharmacy, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra P.O. Box 77, Ghana
| | - Israel A. Sefah
- Pharmacy Practice Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe PMB 31, Ghana
| | - Daniel Afriyie
- Pharmacy Department, Ghana Police Hospital, Accra P.O. Box CT104, Ghana
| | - Eunice T. Tagoe
- Department of Management Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0QU, UK
| | - Adefolarin A. Amu
- Pharmacy Department, Eswatini Medical Christian University, P.O. Box A624, Swazi Plaza, Mbabane H100, Eswatini
| | - Mlungisi P. Msibi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Eswatini Medical Christian University, Swazi Plaza P.O. Box A624, Mbabane H100, Eswatini
| | - Ayukafangha Etando
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eswatini Medical Christian University, Swazi Plaza P.O. Box A624, Mbabane H100, Eswatini
| | - Mobolaji E. Alabi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-natal (UKZN), Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Patrick Okwen
- Effective Basic Services (eBASE) Africa, Ndamukong Street, Bamenda 5175, Cameroon
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide University, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Loveline Lum Niba
- Effective Basic Services (eBASE) Africa, Ndamukong Street, Bamenda 5175, Cameroon
- Department of Public Health, University of Bamenda, Bambili P.O. Box 39, Cameroon
| | - Julius C. Mwita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone P.O. Box 70480, Botswana
| | - Godfrey M. Rwegerera
- Department of Medicine, Sir Ketumile Masire Teaching Hospital, Gaborone P.O. Box 70480, Botswana
| | - Joyce Kgatlwane
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Botswana, Gaborone P.O. Box 70480, Botswana
| | - Ammar A. Jairoun
- Health and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai P.O. Box 67, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Chioma Ejekam
- Department of Community Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos PMB 21266, Nigeria
| | - Rooyen T. Mavenyengwa
- Medical Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare P.O. Box MP167, Zimbabwe
| | - Irene Murimi-Worstell
- School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen M. Campbell
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 02084, South Africa
- Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 02084, South Africa
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Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Ortega-Santiago R, Fuensalida-Novo S, Martín-Guerrero JD, Pellicer-Valero OJ, Torres-Macho J. Differences in Long-COVID Symptoms between Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated (BNT162b2 Vaccine) Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors Infected with the Delta Variant. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091481. [PMID: 36146560 PMCID: PMC9504977 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared differences in the presence of post-COVID symptoms among vaccinated and non-vaccinated COVID-19 survivors requiring hospitalization due to the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant. This cohort study included hospitalized subjects who had survived SARS-CoV-2 infection (Delta variant) from July to August 2021 in an urban hospital in Madrid, Spain. Individuals were classified as vaccinated if they received full administration (i.e., two doses) of BNT162b2 (“Pfizer-BioNTech”) vaccines. Other vaccines were excluded. Those with just one dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine were considered as non-vaccinated. Patients were scheduled for a telephone interview at a follow-up around six months after infection for assessing the presence of post-COVID symptoms with particular attention to those symptoms starting after acute infection and hospitalization. Anxiety/depressive levels and sleep quality were likely assessed. Hospitalization and clinical data were collected from medical records. A total comprising 109 vaccinated and 92 non-vaccinated COVID-19 survivors was included. Vaccinated patients were older and presented a higher number of medical comorbidities, particular cardiorespiratory conditions, than non-vaccinated patients. No differences in COVID-19 onset symptoms at hospitalization and post-COVID symptoms six months after hospital discharge were found between vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. No specific risk factor for any post-COVID symptom was identified in either group. This study observed that COVID-19 onset-associated symptoms and post-COVID symptoms six-months after hospitalization were similar between previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors vaccinated and those non-vaccinated. Current data can be applied to the Delta variant and those vaccinated with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Fernández-de-las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-488-88-84
| | - Ricardo Ortega-Santiago
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Stella Fuensalida-Novo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - José D. Martín-Guerrero
- Intelligent Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, ETSE (Engineering School), Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar J. Pellicer-Valero
- Intelligent Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, ETSE (Engineering School), Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Torres-Macho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor-Virgen de la Torre, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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