1
|
Wang Y, Zhang T, Zhu L, Li R, Jiang Y, Li Z, Gao M, Zhan X. Optimization of welan gum extraction and purification using lysozyme and alkaline protease. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:70. [PMID: 38194137 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Welan gum, a natural polysaccharide produced by Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555, has attracted considerable attention in the scientific community due to its desirable properties. However, challenges, such as high viscosity, residual bacterial cells, carotenoids, and protein complexation, hinder the widespread application of welan gum. In this study, we established a method for the extraction and purification of welan gum using a synergistic approach with lysozyme and alkaline protease. Lysozyme hydrolysis conditions were optimized by applying response surface methodology, and the best results for bacterial cell removal were achieved at 11 000 U/g, 44 °C, and pH 9 after 3 h of treatment. Subsequently, we evaluated protein hydrolysis through computer simulation and identified alkaline protease as the most suitable enzyme. Through experimental investigations, we found that the optimal conditions for alkaline protease hydrolysis were 7500 U/g, 50 °C, pH 10, and 600 rpm. These conditions resulted in a sugar recovery rate of 76.1%, carotenoid removal rate of 89.5%, bacterial removal rate of 95.2%, and protein removal rate of 87.3% after 3 h of hydrolysis. The purified welan gum exhibited high transparency and purity. Structural characterization and antioxidant activity evaluation revealed that enzymatically purified welan gum has potential application prospects. Our study provides valuable insights into the optimal method for the enzymatic extraction and purification of welan gum. Such a method is conducive to the development of the multiple potential applications of welan gum. KEY POINTS: • A novel process for the synergistic purification of welan gum using lysozyme and alkaline protease was established. • In silico virtual digestion was employed to select the purification enzyme. • Welan gum with high transparency and purity was obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - TianTian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Li Zhu
- A & F Biotech. Ltd, Burnaby, BC, V5A3P6, Canada
| | - Ruotong Li
- School of Communication, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Minjie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li H, Yue L, Ma S, Lu W, Liu J, Qin L, Wang D, Chang A, Yu B, Kong J, Wang J, Zhu H. The effects of different impeller combinations in the Sphingan WL gum fermentation process. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132059. [PMID: 38710250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The fermentation of the high-viscosity polysaccharide WL gum has always been associated with poor mass transfer. Appropriate impeller configurations are key factors in maintaining homogeneity and sufficient mass transfer conditions. Therefore, a flat-folded disc turbine impeller (FFDT) taking into account both the reduced cavitation effect and the increased contact area was designed. Besides, a curved cross impeller (CC) and a fishbone-shaped impeller (FS) generating axial flow were also designed. The energy consumption and efficiency of the designed impellers and eight reported impellers were evaluated through fermentation and principal component analysis (PCA). Compared to the commonly-used six-blade flat-blade disc turbine (FBDT), the ungassed power number of FFDT was reduced by 50 %. Combinations of six-blade Brumajin impeller (BM) + FFDT and CC + FFDT produced high WL gum production and viscosity (34.0 g/L, 35.50 g/L, and 62.64 Pa·s, 61.68 Pa·s, respectively) and were suitable impellers for WL biosynthesis. WL gum from BM + FFDT showed higher viscosity, viscoelasticity, and molecular weight than that from FBDT + FBDT. In addition, fewer amino acids and pyruvic acid intermediates were formed using BM + FFDT, indicating a greater metabolic flux towards WL gum synthesis. This work provided an important reference for the design of impellers in high-viscosity fermentation systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Ma
- Petroleum Industry Training Center, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Chang
- Fujian-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hu Zhu
- Fujian-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Translational Tumor Medicine in Fujian Province, Putian University, Putian 351100, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tiwari ON, Bobby MN, Kondi V, Halder G, Kargarzadeh H, Ikbal AMA, Bhunia B, Thomas S, Efferth T, Chattopadhyay D, Palit P. Comprehensive review on recent trends and perspectives of natural exo-polysaccharides: Pioneering nano-biotechnological tools. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130747. [PMID: 38479657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs), originating from various microbes, and mushrooms, excel in their conventional role in bioremediation to showcase diverse applications emphasizing nanobiotechnology including nano-drug carriers, nano-excipients, medication and/or cell encapsulation, gene delivery, tissue engineering, diagnostics, and associated treatments. Acknowledged for contributions to adsorption, nutrition, and biomedicine, EPSs are emerging as appealing alternatives to traditional polymers, for biodegradability and biocompatibility. This article shifts away from the conventional utility to delve deeply into the expansive landscape of EPS applications, particularly highlighting their integration into cutting-edge nanobiotechnological methods. Exploring EPS synthesis, extraction, composition, and properties, the discussion emphasizes their structural diversity with molecular weight and heteropolymer compositions. Their role as raw materials for value-added products takes center stage, with critical insights into recent applications in nanobiotechnology. The multifaceted potential, biological relevance, and commercial applicability of EPSs in contemporary research and industry align with the nanotechnological advancements coupled with biotechnological nano-cleansing agents are highlighted. EPS-based nanostructures for biological applications have a bright future ahead of them. Providing crucial information for present and future practices, this review sheds light on how eco-friendly EPSs derived from microbial biomass of terrestrial and aquatic environments can be used to better understand contemporary nanobiotechnology for the benefit of society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onkar Nath Tiwari
- Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Md Nazneen Bobby
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India
| | - Vanitha Kondi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak 502313, Telangana, India
| | - Gopinath Halder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Hanieh Kargarzadeh
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Seinkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Abu Md Ashif Ikbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Biswanath Bhunia
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania 799046, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Athirampuzha, Kerala, 686560, India; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box, 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India; School of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700102, India
| | - Partha Palit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gan L, Huang X, He Z, He T. Exopolysaccharide production by salt-tolerant bacteria: Recent advances, current challenges, and future prospects. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130731. [PMID: 38471615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Natural biopolymers derived from exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are considered eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives to available traditional synthetic counterparts. Salt-tolerant bacteria inhabiting harsh ecological niches have evolved a number of unique adaptation strategies allowing them to maintain cellular integrity and assuring their long-term survival; among these, producing EPSs can be adopted as an effective strategy to thrive under high-salt conditions. A great diversity of EPSs from salt-tolerant bacteria have attracted widespread attention recently. Because of factors such as their unique structural, physicochemical, and functional characteristics, EPSs are commercially valuable for the global market and their application potential in various sectors is promising. However, large-scale production and industrial development of these biopolymers are hindered by their low yields and high costs. Consequently, the research progress and future prospects of salt-tolerant bacterial EPSs must be systematically reviewed to further promote their application and commercialization. In this review, the structure and properties of EPSs produced by a variety of salt-tolerant bacterial strains isolated from different sources are summarized. Further, feasible strategies for solving production bottlenecks are discussed, which provides a scientific basis and direct reference for more scientific and rational EPS development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longzhan Gan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhicheng He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Tengxia He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhong J, Zha H, Cong H, Zhang H, Zhao L, Yu S, Zhu Q, Liu Y. Recombinant expression and immune function analysis of C-reactive protein (CRP) from Hexagrammos otakii. Gene 2024; 897:148048. [PMID: 38042212 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) belongs to the short-chain pentraxin family and functions as a soluble pattern recognition molecule (PRM) aiding in host defense against pathogens. In the present study, a CRP gene, designated HoCRP, was cloned from Hexagrammos otakii for the first time. The full length of the HoCRP cDNA sequence is 821 bp, which contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 675 bp encoding a 224 amino acid protein. The deduced protein is predicted to have a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 5.30 and a molecular weight of 25.4 kDa. The recombinant HoCRP protein (rHoCRP) was expressed in E. coli to further characterize the functions of HoCRP. Saccharide binding experiments demonstrated that rHoCRP exhibited a high affinity for various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Furthermore, bacterial binding and agglutination assays indicated that rHoCRP had the capability to recognize a wide spectrum of microorganisms. These findings suggest that HoCRP functions not only as a PRM for binding PAMPs but also as an immune effector molecule. Considering the role CRP plays in the classical complement pathway, the interaction between rHoCRP and rHoC1q was assessed and proven by a Pull-down and Elisa assay, which implied that rHoCRP may be able to activate complement. In addition, phagocytosis enhancement by rHoCRP in the presence or absence of complement components was analysed by flow cytometry. The results showed that rHoCRP could synergistically enhance the phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells with complement, providing further evidence of complement activation by rHoCRP through the opsonization of specific complement components. In summary, our findings suggest that rHoCRP may play a crucial role in host antibacterial defense by recognizing pathogens, activating the complement system, and enhancing macrophage function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinmiao Zhong
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Haidong Zha
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Haiyan Cong
- Department of Central Lab, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Yingying Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Zhang X, Tian X, Wang Y, Xing X, Song S. Research progress on the functions, preparation and detection methods of l-fucose. Food Chem 2024; 433:137393. [PMID: 37672945 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
l-fucose is a six-carbon sugar that has potential applications in many fields. It exerts antitumor effects and could relieve intestinal disease. It exhibits potential as an emulsifier in the food industry. It is also used as a functional food and in anti-aging skincare products. However, at present, it is not possible to prepare high-purity l-fucose on a large scale, and its preparation needs further development. This review summarizes the preparation methods of l-fucose including chemical synthesis, enzymatic synthesis, microbial fermentation, and separation and purification from algae. The detection methods of l-fucose are also introduced in detail, such as l-fucose-specific lectin, detection l-fucose dehydrogenase, cysteine-sulfuric acid method, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and biosensors. In this review, the properties and pharmacological effects of l-fucose; preparation methods, and the commonly used detection methods of l-fucose are reviewed to serve as a reference material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xiang Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Salas E, Gorfer M, Bandian D, Eichorst SA, Schmidt H, Horak J, Rittmann SKMR, Schleper C, Reischl B, Pribasnig T, Jansa J, Kaiser C, Wanek W. Reevaluation and novel insights into amino sugar and neutral sugar necromass biomarkers in archaea, bacteria, fungi, and plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167463. [PMID: 37793447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial necromass is an important contributor to soil organic matter (>50%) and it is largely composed of microbial residues. In soils, fragmented cell wall residues are mostly found in their polysaccharide forms of fungal chitin and bacterial peptidoglycan. Microbial necromass biomarkers, particularly amino sugars (AS) such as glucosamine (GlcN) and muramic acid (MurA) have been used to trace fungal and bacterial residues in soils, and to distinguish carbon (C) found in microbial residues from non-microbial organic C. Neutral sugars (NS), particularly the hexose/pentose ratio, have also been proposed as tracers of plant polysaccharides in soils. In our study, we extended the range of biomarkers to include AS and NS compounds in the biomass of 120 species belonging to archaea, bacteria, fungi, or plants. GlcN was the most common AS found in all taxa, contributing 42-91% to total AS content, while glucose was the most common NS found, contributing 56-79% to total NS. We identified talosaminuronic acid, found in archaeal pseudopeptidoglycan, as a new potential biomarker specific for Euryarchaeota. We compared the variability of these compounds between the different taxonomic groups using multivariate approaches, such as non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and statistically evaluated their biomarker potential via indicator species analysis. Both NMDS and PLS-DA showcased the variability in the AS and NS contents between the different taxonomic groups, highlighting their potential as necromass residue biomarkers and allowing their extension from separating bacterial and fungal necromass to separating microbes from plants. Finally, we estimated new conversion factors where fungal GlcN is converted to fungal C by multiplying by 10 and MurA is converted to bacterial C by multiplying by 54. Conversion factors for talosaminuronic acid and galactosamine are also proposed to allow estimation of archaeal or all-microbial necromass residue C, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Salas
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Markus Gorfer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
| | - Dragana Bandian
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
| | - Stephanie A Eichorst
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Horak
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon K-M R Rittmann
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Schleper
- Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Unit, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Reischl
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pribasnig
- Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Unit, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Jansa
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Christina Kaiser
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prajapati N, Patel J, Singh S, Yadav VK, Joshi C, Patani A, Prajapati D, Sahoo DK, Patel A. Postbiotic production: harnessing the power of microbial metabolites for health applications. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1306192. [PMID: 38169918 PMCID: PMC10758465 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1306192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics, which are bioactive substances derived from the metabolic processes of beneficial microbes, have received considerable attention in the field of microbiome science in recent years, presenting a promising path for exploration and innovation. This comprehensive analysis looks into the multidimensional terrain of postbiotic production, including an extensive examination of diverse postbiotic classes, revealing their sophisticated mechanisms of action and highlighting future applications that might significantly affect human health. The authors thoroughly investigate the various mechanisms that support postbiotic production, ranging from conventional fermentation procedures to cutting-edge enzyme conversion and synthetic biology approaches. The review, as an acknowledgment of the field's developing nature, not only highlights current achievements but also navigates through the problems inherent in postbiotic production. In order to successfully include postbiotics in therapeutic interventions and the production of functional food ingredients, emphasis is given to critical elements, including improving yields, bolstering stability, and assuring safety. The knowledge presented herein sheds light on the expanding field of postbiotics and their potential to revolutionize the development of novel therapeutics and functional food ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Prajapati
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jinil Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sachidanand Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Energy and Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Knowledge Corridor, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Chinmayi Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anil Patani
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dharmendra Prajapati
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ge Z, Lu X. Impacts of extracellular polymeric substances on the behaviors of micro/nanoplastics in the water environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122691. [PMID: 37797922 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing pollution of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) has caused widespread concern worldwide. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are natural organic polymers mainly produced by microorganisms, the major components of which are polysaccharides and proteins. This review focuses on the interactions that occur between EPS and MPs/NPs in the water environment and evaluates the effects of these interactions on the behaviors of MPs/NPs. EPS-driven formation of eco-corona, biofilm, and "marine snow" can incorporate MPs and NPs into sinking aggregates, resulting in the export of MPs/NPs from the upper water column. EPS coating greatly enhances the adsorption of metals and organic pollutants by MPs due to the larger specific surface area and the abundance of functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and amide groups. EPS can weaken the physical properties of MPs. Through the synergistic action of different extracellular enzymes, MPs may be decomposed into oligomers and monomers that can enter microbial cells for further mineralization. This review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of MPs and NPs in the water environment and the associated ecological risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaiming Ge
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saad MH, Sidkey NM, El-Fakharany EM. Identification and statistical optimization of a novel alginate polymer extracted from newly isolated Synechocystis algini MNE ON864447 with antibacterial activity. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:229. [PMID: 37932753 PMCID: PMC10629183 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02240-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a potential source of promising secondary metabolites with different biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and anticancer activities. To combat the emergence of antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent requirement for new drugs, and cyanobacteria metabolites can constitute alternative new antibacterial medication. The chemical complexity of their exopolysaccharides indicates that they have the potential to be bioactive molecules with many biological activities. The present study aimed to produce and optimise a novel alginate polymer from a newly isolated cyanobacterium, S. algini MNE ON864447, in addition to its promising antibacterial activity. We successfully isolated a new cyanobacterium strain, S. algini MNE ON864447 from the Nile River, which produces alginate as an extracellular polymeric substance. The isolated cyanobacterial alginate was identified using a set of tests, including FTIR, TLC, HPLC, GC-MS, and 1H NMR. Plackett-Burman statistical design showed that working volume (X1), the incubation period (X2), and inoculum size (X3) are the most significant variables affecting the production of alginate. The highest alginate production (3.57 g/L) was obtained using 4% inoculum size in 400 mL medium/L conical flask after 20 days of the incubation period. The extracted alginate showed potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and Streptococcus mutants (NCTC10449) are the most sensitive tested pathogen for purified cyanobacterial alginate with inhibition zone diameters of 34 ± 0.1 mm at 10 mg/mL of purified alginate while Vibro cholera (NCTC 8021) the lowest sensitive one and showed inhibition zone diameters of 22.5 ± 0.05 mm at the same cyanobacterial alginate concentration. This antibacterial activity is a critical step in the development of antibacterial drugs and presents a new challenge to fight against multi-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mabroka H Saad
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research andTechnological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg AL Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
- Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa M Sidkey
- Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research andTechnological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg AL Arab, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Concórdio-Reis P, David H, Reis MAM, Amorim A, Freitas F. Bioprospecting for new exopolysaccharide-producing microalgae of marine origin. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:1123-1130. [PMID: 37140807 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms that can produce biomolecules with industrial interest, including exopolysaccharides (EPS). Due to their structural and compositional diversity, microalgae EPS present interesting properties that can be considered in cosmetic and/or therapeutic areas. Seven microalgae strains from three different lineages, namely Dinophyceae (phylum Miozoa), Haptophyta, and Chlorophyta, were investigated as EPS producers. All strains were found to be EPS producers, though the highest EPS yield was obtained for Tisochrysis lutea, followed by Heterocapsa sp. (126.8 and 75.8 mg L-1, respectively). Upon assessment of the polymers' chemical composition, significant contents of unusual sugars, including fucose, rhamnose, and ribose, were found. Heterocapsa sp. EPS stood out due to its high content of fucose (40.9 mol%), a sugar known to confer biological properties to polysaccharides. The presence of sulfate groups (10.6-33.5 wt%) was also noticed in the EPS produced by all microalgae strains, thus contributing to the possibility that these EPS might have biological activities worth exploring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Concórdio-Reis
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Helena David
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria A M Reis
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Amorim
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
González E, Zuleta C, Zamora G, Maturana N, Ponce B, Rivero MV, Rodríguez A, Soto JP, Scott F, Díaz-Barrera Á. Production of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) and extracellular polymeric substances from glycerol by the acidophile Acidiphilium cryptum. Extremophiles 2023; 27:30. [PMID: 37847335 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-023-01313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Acidiphilium cryptum is an acidophilic, heterotrophic, and metallotolerant bacteria able to use dissolved oxygen or Fe(III) as an electron sink. The ability of this extremophile to accumulate poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and secrete extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) has also been reported. Hence, the aim of this work is to characterize the production of PHB and EPS by the wild strain DSM2389 using glycerol in shaken flasks and bioreactor. Results showed that maximum PHB accumulation (37-42% w/w) was obtained using glycerol concentrations of 9 and 15 g L-1, where maximum dry cell weight titers reached 3.6 and 3.9 g L-1, respectively. The culture in the bioreactor showed that PHB accumulation takes place under oxygen limitation, while the redox potential of the culture medium could be used for online monitoring of the PHB production. Recovered EPS was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after cleavage and derivatization steps. These analyses showed the presence of sugars which were identified as mannose, rhamnose and glucose, in a proportion near to 3.2:2.3:1, respectively. Since glycerol had not been used in previous works, these findings suggest the potential of A. cryptum to produce biopolymers from this compound at a large scale with a low risk of microbial contamination due to the low pH of the fermentation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto González
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil, 2085, Valparaíso, Chile.
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Camila Zuleta
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil, 2085, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Guiselle Zamora
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil, 2085, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Nataly Maturana
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil, 2085, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Belén Ponce
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil, 2085, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María Virginia Rivero
- Polymer Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rodríguez
- Polymer Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Soto
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felipe Scott
- Green Technologies Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Av. Mons. Álvaro del Portillo, Las Condes, 12455, Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro Díaz-Barrera
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil, 2085, Valparaíso, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumari M, Haranahalli Nataraj B, Prasad WG, Ali SA, Behare PV. Multi-Faceted Bioactivity Assessment of an Exopolysaccharide from Limosilactobacillus fermentum NCDC400: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Immunomodulatory Proficiencies. Foods 2023; 12:3595. [PMID: 37835248 PMCID: PMC10572761 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are acknowledged for their diverse functional and technological properties. This study presents the characterization of EPS400, an acidic exopolysaccharide sourced from the native probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum NCDC400. Notably, this strain has demonstrated previous capabilities in enhancing dairy food texture and displaying in vivo hypocholesterolemic activity. Our investigation aimed to unveil EPS400's potential biological roles, encompassing antioxidant, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory activities. The results underscore EPS400's prowess in scavenging radicals, including the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid) radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, and chelating activity targeting the ferrous ion. Furthermore, EPS400 displayed substantial antibacterial effectiveness against prevalent food spoilage bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCDC105 and Micrococcus luteus. Remarkably, EPS400 exhibited the ability to modulate cytokine production, downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and nitric oxide, while concurrently promoting the release of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 within lipopolysaccharide-activated murine primary macrophages. Additionally, EPS400 significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced the phagocytic potential of macrophages. Collectively, our findings spotlight EPS400 as a promising contender endowed with significant antioxidant, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory attributes. These characteristics propose EPS400 as a potential pharmaceutical or bioactive component, with potential applications in the realm of functional food development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manorama Kumari
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Basavaprabhu Haranahalli Nataraj
- Dairy Chemistry and Bacteriology Section, Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru 560030, India
| | - Writdhama G. Prasad
- Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India;
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
- Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pradip V. Behare
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Waoo AA, Singh S, Pandey A, Kant G, Choure K, Amesho KT, Srivastava S. Microbial exopolysaccharides in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18613. [PMID: 37593641 PMCID: PMC10432183 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The most significant and renewable class of polymeric materials are extracellular exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by microorganisms. Because of their diverse chemical and structural makeup, EPSs play a variety of functions in a variety of industries, including the agricultural industry, dairy industry, biofilms, cosmetics, and others, demonstrating their biotechnological significance. EPSs are typically utilized in high-value applications, and current research has focused heavily on them because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and compatibility with both people and the environment. Due to their high production costs, only a few microbial EPSs have been commercially successful. The emergence of financial barriers and the growing significance of microbial EPSs in industrial and medical biotechnology has increased interest in exopolysaccharides. Since exopolysaccharides can be altered in a variety of ways, their use is expected to increase across a wide range of industries in the coming years. This review introduces some significant EPSs and their composites while concentrating on their biomedical uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhendra Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, AKS University, Satna, India
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gaurav Kant
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Kamlesh Choure
- Department of Biotechnology, AKS University, Satna, India
| | - Kassian T.T. Amesho
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- The International University of Management, Centre for Environmental Studies, Main Campus, Dorado Park Ext 1, Windhoek, Namibia
- Destinies Biomass Energy and Farming Pty Ltd, P.O. Box 7387, Swakomund, Namibia
| | - Sameer Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Catalão M, Fernandes M, Galdon L, Rodrigues CF, Sobral RG, Gaudêncio SP, Torres CAV. Exopolysaccharide Production from Marine-Derived Brevundimonas huaxiensis Obtained from Estremadura Spur Pockmarks Sediments Revealing Potential for Circular Economy. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:419. [PMID: 37504950 PMCID: PMC10381572 DOI: 10.3390/md21070419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine environments represent an enormous biodiversity reservoir due to their numerous different habitats, being abundant in microorganisms capable of producing biomolecules, namely exopolysaccharides (EPS), with unique physical characteristics and applications in a broad range of industrial sectors. From a total of 67 marine-derived bacteria obtained from marine sediments collected at depths of 200 to 350 m from the Estremadura Spur pockmarks field, off the coast of Continental Portugal, the Brevundimonas huaxiensis strain SPUR-41 was selected to be cultivated in a bioreactor with saline culture media and glucose as a carbon source. The bacterium exhibited the capacity to produce 1.83 g/L of EPS under saline conditions. SPUR-41 EPS was a heteropolysaccharide composed of mannose (62.55% mol), glucose (9.19% mol), rhamnose (19.41% mol), glucuronic acid (4.43% mol), galactose (2.53% mol), and galacturonic acid (1.89% mol). Moreover, SPUR-41 EPS also revealed acyl groups in its composition, namely acetyl, succinyl, and pyruvyl. This study revealed the importance of research on marine environments for the discovery of bacteria that produce new value-added biopolymers for pharmaceutical and other biotechnological applications, enabling us to potentially address saline effluent pollution via a sustainable circular economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Catalão
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Almada, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Almada, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Fernandes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Almada, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Almada, Portugal
| | - Lorena Galdon
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Almada, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Almada, Portugal
| | - Clara F Rodrigues
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita G Sobral
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Almada, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Almada, Portugal
| | - Susana P Gaudêncio
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Almada, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Almada, Portugal
| | - Cristiana A V Torres
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Almada, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Almada, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ali AH, Bamigbade G, Tarique M, Esposito G, Obaid R, Abu-Jdayil B, Ayyash M. Physicochemical, rheological, and bioactive properties of exopolysaccharide produced by a potential probiotic Enterococcus faecalis 84B. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124425. [PMID: 37076064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) have attracted a great interest due to their potential health-promoting properties and industrial applications. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical, rheological, and biological properties of an EPS produced by a potential probiotic strain Enterococcus faecalis 84B. The results show that the extracted EPS, designated EPS-84B, had an average molecular weight of 604.8 kDa, particles size diameter of 322.0 nm, and mainly composed of arabinose and glucose with a molar ratio of 1:2. Furthermore, EPS-84B exhibited a shear-thinning behavior and had a high melting point. The rheological properties of EPS-84B were strongly influenced by the type of salt than by the pH value. EPS-84B displayed ideal viscoelastic properties, with both viscous and storage moduli increasing with frequency. The antioxidant activity of EPS-84B at a concentration of 5 mg/mL was 81.1 % against DPPH and 35.2 % against ABTS. At 5 mg/mL, the antitumor activity of EPS-84B against Caco-2 and MCF-7 cell lines was 74.6 and 38.6 %, respectively. In addition, the antidiabetic activity of EPS-84B towards α-amylase and α-glucosidase was 89.6 and 90.0 %, respectively at 100 μg/mL. The inhibition of foodborne pathogens by EPS-84B was up to 32.6 %. Overall, EPS-84B has promising properties that could be utilized in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoneim H Ali
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Gafar Bamigbade
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Tarique
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gennaro Esposito
- Science Division - New York University Abu Dhabi, NYUAD Campus, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Reyad Obaid
- Department: Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basim Abu-Jdayil
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rashidi AR, Azelee NIW, Zaidel DNA, Chuah LF, Bokhari A, El Enshasy HA, Dailin DJ. Unleashing the potential of xanthan: a comprehensive exploration of biosynthesis, production, and diverse applications. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:771-787. [PMID: 37029808 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Employing aerobic fermentation, Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the genus Xanthomonas produce the high molecular weight natural heteropolysaccharide known as xanthan. It has various amounts of O-acetyl and pyruvyl residues together with D-glucosyl, D-mannosyl, and D-glucuronyl acid residues in a molar ratio of 2:2:1. The unique structure of xanthan allowed its various applications in a wide range of industries such as the food industry, pharmacology, cosmetics and enhanced oil recovery primarily in petroleum. The cultivation medium used in the manufacture of this biopolymer is critical. Many attempts have been undertaken to generate xanthan gum from agro-based and food industry wastes since producing xanthan gum from synthetic media is expensive. Optimal composition and processing parameters must also be considered to achieve an economically viable manufacturing process. There have been several attempts to adjust the nutrient content and feeding method, temperature, pH, agitation and the use of antifoam in xanthan fermentations. Various modifications in technological approaches have been applied to enhance its physicochemical properties which showed significant improvement in the area studied. This review describes the biosynthesis production of xanthan with an emphasis on the importance of the upstream processes involving medium, processing parameters, and other factors that significantly contributed to the final application of this precious polysaccharide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ramli Rashidi
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Johor, 81750, Masai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izyan Wan Azelee
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lai Fatt Chuah
- Faculty of Maritime Studies, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Awais Bokhari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Islamabad, 54000, Pakistan
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VUT Brno, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hesham Ali El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Bioprocess Development Department, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Daniel Joe Dailin
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fu C, Xu X, Xie Y, Liu Y, Liu M, Chen A, Blamey JM, Shi J, Zhao S, Sun J. Rational design of GDP‑D‑mannose mannosyl hydrolase for microbial L‑fucose production. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:56. [PMID: 36964553 PMCID: PMC10037897 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L‑Fucose is a rare sugar that has beneficial biological activities, and its industrial production is mainly achieved with brown algae through acidic/enzymatic fucoidan hydrolysis and a cumbersome purification process. Fucoidan is synthesized through the condensation of a key substance, guanosine 5'‑diphosphate (GDP)‑L‑fucose. Therefore, a more direct approach for biomanufacturing L‑fucose could be the enzymatic degradation of GDP‑L‑fucose. However, no native enzyme is known to efficiently catalyze this reaction. Therefore, it would be a feasible solution to engineering an enzyme with similar function to hydrolyze GDP‑L‑fucose. RESULTS Herein, we constructed a de novo L‑fucose synthetic route in Bacillus subtilis by introducing heterologous GDP‑L‑fucose synthesis pathway and engineering GDP‑mannose mannosyl hydrolase (WcaH). WcaH displays a high binding affinity but low catalytic activity for GDP‑L‑fucose, therefore, a substrate simulation‑based structural analysis of the catalytic center was employed for the rational design and mutagenesis of selected positions on WcaH to enhance its GDP‑L‑fucose‑splitting efficiency. Enzyme mutants were evaluated in vivo by inserting them into an artificial metabolic pathway that enabled B. subtilis to yield L‑fucose. WcaHR36Y/N38R was found to produce 1.6 g/L L‑fucose during shake‑flask growth, which was 67.3% higher than that achieved by wild‑type WcaH. The accumulated L‑fucose concentration in a 5 L bioreactor reached 6.4 g/L. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we established a novel microbial engineering platform for the fermentation production of L‑fucose. Additionally, we found an efficient GDP‑mannose mannosyl hydrolase mutant for L‑fucose biosynthesis that directly hydrolyzes GDP‑L‑fucose. The engineered strain system established in this study is expected to provide new solutions for L‑fucose or its high value‑added derivatives production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Fu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuexia Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yukang Xie
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Liu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ai Chen
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jenny M Blamey
- Fundación Biociencia, José Domingo Cañas, 2280, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 3363, Alameda, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jiping Shi
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Junsong Sun
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Deletion of pbpC Enhances Bacterial Pathogenicity on Tomato by Affecting Biofilm Formation, Exopolysaccharides Production, and Exoenzyme Activities in Clavibacter michiganensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065324. [PMID: 36982399 PMCID: PMC10049144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are considered essential for bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis and cell wall assembly. Clavibacter michiganensis is a representative Gram-positive bacterial species that causes bacterial canker in tomato. pbpC plays a significant role in maintaining cell morphological characteristics and stress responses in C. michiganensis. The current study demonstrated that the deletion of pbpC commonly enhances bacterial pathogenicity in C. michiganensis and revealed the mechanisms through which this occurs. The expression of interrelated virulence genes, including celA, xysA, xysB, and pelA, were significantly upregulated in △pbpC mutants. Compared with those in wild-type strains, exoenzyme activities, the formation of biofilm, and the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) were significantly increased in △pbpC mutants. It is noteworthy that EPS were responsible for the enhancement in bacterial pathogenicity, with the degree of necrotic tomato stem cankers intensifying with the injection of a gradient of EPS from C. michiganensis. These findings highlight new insights into the role of pbpC affecting bacterial pathogenicity, with an emphasis on EPS, advancing the current understanding of phytopathogenic infection strategies for Gram-positive bacteria.
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang Y, Qin F, Li S, Yin J, Hu L, Zheng S, He L, Xia H, Liu J, Hu W. The mechanisms of biofilm antibiotic resistance in chronic rhinosinusitis: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32168. [PMID: 36626427 PMCID: PMC9750636 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common but burdensome ailment that is still poorly understood in terms of its pathogenesis. The existence of biofilms on the sinonasal mucosa of individuals with CRS has been proven by current biofilm identification methods. Current treatments for CRS generally include functional endoscopic sinus surgery, biofilm-removing strategies, and limited therapies that target quorum sensing (QS), patients with CRS are often resistant to antimicrobial therapy at degrees achievable by oral or intravenous administration, and even a subset of patients fail to react to either medical or surgical intervention. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae are the most commonly implicated bacteria in CRS patients, which may lead to the persistence and severity of CRS and antibiotic treatment failure via the formation of biofilms. Resistance to antibiotics is attributed to the 3-dimensional structure and QS of biofilms, and the latter describes the communication of bacteria within biofilms. A better understanding of biofilms in CRS and their contribution to the antibiotic resistance of CRS is critical for novel treatment strategies. This review mainly discusses the special structure of biofilms, QS, and their mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in order to investigate prospective anti-biofilm therapies, suggest future directions for study, and potentially refine the CRS prevention paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Huang
- Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fengfeng Qin
- Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sen Li
- Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ji Yin
- Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lanxin Hu
- Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sihan Zheng
- Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lu He
- Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjian Hu
- Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- * Correspondence: Wenjian Hu, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Production of colanic acid hydrolysate and its use in the production of fucosylated oligosaccharides by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Production and Characterization of a Novel Exopolysaccharide from Ramlibacter tataouinensis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217172. [PMID: 36364003 PMCID: PMC9658432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study examines the desiccation-resistant Ramlibacter tataouinensis TTB310T as a model organism for the production of novel exopolysaccharides and their structural features. This bacterium is able to produce dividing forms of cysts which synthesize cell-bound exopolysaccharide. Initial experiments were conducted on the enrichment of cyst biomass for exopolysaccharide production under batch-fed conditions in a pilot-scale bioreactor, with lactate as the source of carbon and energy. The optimized medium produced significant quantities of exopolysaccharide in a single growth phase, since the production of exopolysaccharide took place during the division of the cysts. The exopolysaccharide layer was extracted from the cysts using a modified trichloroacetic acid method. The biochemical characterization of purified exopolysaccharide was performed by gas chromatography, ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry. The repeating unit of exopolysaccharide was a decasaccharide consisting of ribose, glucose, rhamnose, galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid with the ratio 3:2:2:1:1:1, and additional substituents such as acetyl, succinyl, and methyl moieties were also observed as a part of the exopolysaccharide structure. This study contributes to a fundamental understanding of the novel structural features of exopolysaccharide from a dividing form of cysts, and, further, results can be used to study its rheological properties for various industrial applications.
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Binmad S, Numnuam A, Kaewtatip K, Kantachote D, Tantirungkij M. Characterization of novel extracellular polymeric substances produced by
Bacillus velezensis
P1
for potential biotechnological applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sasithorn Binmad
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University Songkhla Thailand
| | - Apon Numnuam
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University Songkhla Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor Prince of Songkla University Songkhla Thailand
| | - Kaewta Kaewtatip
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University Songkhla Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor Prince of Songkla University Songkhla Thailand
| | - Duangporn Kantachote
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University Songkhla Thailand
| | - Manee Tantirungkij
- Central Laboratory and Greenhouse Complex Kasetsart University Nakhon Pathom Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Joulak I, Concórdio-Reis P, Torres CAV, Sevrin C, Grandfils C, Attia H, Freitas F, Reis MAM, Azabou S. Sustainable use of agro-industrial wastes as potential feedstocks for exopolysaccharide production by selected Halomonas strains. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:22043-22055. [PMID: 34773587 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of waste biomass are generated annually worldwide by many industries and are vastly underutilized. However, these wastes contain sugars and other dissolved organic matter and therefore can be exploited to produce microbial biopolymers. In this study, four selected Halomonas strains, namely, Halomonas caseinilytica K1, Halomonas elongata K4, Halomonas smyrnensis S3, and Halomonas halophila S4, were investigated for the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) using low-cost agro-industrial wastes as the sole carbon source: cheese whey, grape pomace, and glycerol. Interestingly, both yield and monosaccharide composition of EPS were affected by the carbon source. Glucose, mannose, galactose, and rhamnose were the predominant monomers, but their relative molar ratio was different. Similarly, the average molecular weight of the synthesized EPS was affected, ranging from 54.5 to 4480 kDa. The highest EPS concentration (446 mg/L) was obtained for H. caseinilytica K1 grown on cheese whey that produced an EPS composed mostly of galactose, rhamnose, glucose, and mannose, with lower contents of galacturonic acid, ribose, and arabinose and with a molecular weight of 54.5 kDa. Henceforth, the ability of Halomonas strains to use cost-effective substrates, especially cheese whey, is a promising approach for the production of EPS with distinct physicochemical properties suitable for various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ichrak Joulak
- Laboratoire Analyse, Valorisation Et Sécurité Des Aliments, Université de Sfax, ENIS, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Patrícia Concórdio-Reis
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristiana A V Torres
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chantal Sevrin
- Interfaculty Research Centre of Biomaterials (CEIB), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Grandfils
- Interfaculty Research Centre of Biomaterials (CEIB), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hamadi Attia
- Laboratoire Analyse, Valorisation Et Sécurité Des Aliments, Université de Sfax, ENIS, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria A M Reis
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Samia Azabou
- Laboratoire Analyse, Valorisation Et Sécurité Des Aliments, Université de Sfax, ENIS, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kujawska M, Raulo A, Millar M, Warren F, Baltrūnaitė L, Knowles SCL, Hall LJ. Bifidobacterium castoris strains isolated from wild mice show evidence of frequent host switching and diverse carbohydrate metabolism potential. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:20. [PMID: 37938745 PMCID: PMC9723756 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Members of the gut microbiota genus Bifidobacterium are widely distributed human and animal symbionts believed to exert beneficial effects on their hosts. However, in-depth genomic analyses of animal-associated species and strains are somewhat lacking, particularly in wild animal populations. Here, to examine patterns of host specificity and carbohydrate metabolism capacity, we sequenced whole genomes of Bifidobacterium isolated from wild-caught small mammals from two European countries (UK and Lithuania). Members of Bifidobacterium castoris, Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifodobacterium pseudolongum were detected in wild mice (Apodemus sylvaticus, Apodemus agrarius and Apodemus flavicollis), but not voles or shrews. B. castoris constituted the most commonly recovered Bifidobacterium (78% of all isolates), with the majority of strains only detected in a single population, although populations frequently harboured multiple co-circulating strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the mouse-associated B. castoris clades were not specific to a particular location or host species, and their distribution across the host phylogeny was consistent with regular host shifts rather than host-microbe codiversification. Functional analysis, including in vitro growth assays, suggested that mouse-derived B. castoris strains encoded an extensive arsenal of carbohydrate-active enzymes, including putative novel glycosyl hydrolases such as chitosanases, along with genes encoding putative exopolysaccharides, some of which may have been acquired via horizontal gene transfer. Overall, these results provide a rare genome-level analysis of host specificity and genomic capacity among important gut symbionts of wild animals, and reveal that Bifidobacterium has a labile relationship with its host over evolutionary time scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kujawska
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Intestinal Microbiome, ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Aura Raulo
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Molly Millar
- Food Innovation and Health, Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Fred Warren
- Food Innovation and Health, Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Sarah C L Knowles
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Herfordshire, UK
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
- Intestinal Microbiome, ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Subramanian H, Krishnan M, Mahalingam A. Photocatalytic dye degradation and photoexcited anti-microbial activities of green zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized via Sargassum muticum extracts. RSC Adv 2022; 12:985-997. [PMID: 35425145 PMCID: PMC8978881 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant superbugs (DRS) were isolated from hospital sewage waste and confirmed by a 16S rDNA molecular technique as B. filamentosus, B. flexus, P. stutzeri, and A. baumannii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harinee Subramanian
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Tiruchirappalli – 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthukumar Krishnan
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Tiruchirappalli – 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashok Mahalingam
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Tiruchirappalli – 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Huang JJ, Yang LC, Liu YC. Production, purification, and structural characteristics of extracellular polysaccharides derived from Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
29
|
Kumar M, Tierney J, Wilkinson M. Enzymatic Disruption of Biofilms During Cheese Manufacturing: A Mini Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:791061. [PMID: 34975813 PMCID: PMC8716882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.791061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are capable of colonizing industrial processing surfaces creating biofilms on them which may adversely affect the quality and safety of products. Traditional cleaning-in-place (CIP) treatments using caustic and nitric acid solutions have been known to exhibit variable efficiency in eliminating biofilm bacteria. Here, we introduce enzymes as an alternative to traditional CIP treatments and discuss their mechanism of action against bacterial biofilms in cheese manufacturing. In addition, we discuss research gaps namely thermal stability, substrate specificity and residual activity of enzymes that may play a vital role in the selection of enzymes with optimal effectiveness against multi species biofilms. The outcome of this mini review will aid in the development of a novel and sustainable enzyme-based CIP treatment during cheese manufacturing in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murali Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Murali Kumar,
| | | | - Martin Wilkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Utama GL, Dio C, Sulistiyo J, Yee Chye F, Lembong E, Cahyana Y, Kumar Verma D, Thakur M, Patel AR, Singh S. Evaluating comparative β-glucan production aptitude of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Xanthomonas campestris, and Bacillus natto. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6765-6773. [PMID: 34866975 PMCID: PMC8626220 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucan is a natural polysaccharide derivative composed of a group of glucose monomers with β-glycoside bonds that can be synthesized intra- or extra-cellular by various microorganisms such as yeasts, bacteria, and moulds. The study aimed to discover the potential of various microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Xanthomonas campestris, and Bacillus natto in producing β-glucan. The experimental method used and the data were analyzed descriptively. The four microorganisms above were cultured under a submerged state in Yeast glucose (YG) broth for 120 h at 30 °C with 200 rpm agitation. During the growth, several parameters were examined including total population by optical density, the pH, and glucose contents of growth media. β-glucan was extracted using acid-alkaline methods from the growth media then the weight was measured. The results showed that S. cerevisiae, A. oryzae X. campestris, and B. natto were prospective for β-glucans production in submerged fermentation up to 120 h. The highest β-glucans yield was shown by B. natto (20.38%) with the β-glucans mass of 1.345 ± 0.08 mg and globular diameter of 600 μm. The highest β-glucan mass was achieved by A. oryzae of 82.5 ± 0.03 mg with the total population in optical density of 0.1246, a final glucose level of 769 ppm, the pH of 6.67, and yield of 13.97% with a globular diameter of 1400 μm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemilang Lara Utama
- Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia.,Center for Environment and Sustainability Science, UniversitasPadjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Casey Dio
- Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Joko Sulistiyo
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Fook Yee Chye
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Elazmanawati Lembong
- Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Yana Cahyana
- Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Deepak Kumar Verma
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Mamta Thakur
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal 148106, Punjab, India
| | - Ami R Patel
- Division of Dairy Microbiology, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy & Food Technology-MIDFT, Dudhsagar Dairy Campus, Mehsana384 002, Gujarat State, India
| | - Smita Singh
- Department of Life Sciences (Food Technology), Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Carbohydrate-Containing Marine Compounds of Mixed Biogenesis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19120694. [PMID: 34940693 PMCID: PMC8706901 DOI: 10.3390/md19120694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
32
|
Hu B, Liu C, Jiang W, Zhu H, Zhang H, Qian H, Zhang W. Chronic in vitro fermentation and in vivo metabolism: Extracellular polysaccharides from Sporidiobolus pararoseus regulate the intestinal microbiome of humans and mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:398-406. [PMID: 34571128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The fungus Sporidiobolus pararoseus not only produces carotenoids, but also produces bioactive extracellular polysaccharides (SPP). However, the relationship between SPP and the metabolism of gut microbiome is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of SPP regulating intestinal health in vivo and in vitro. Results showed that SPP are nondigestible polysaccharides after the digestion with simulated stomach and small intestinal juice in vitro. After SPP was cultured in an in vitro intestinal simulation system for seven days, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) increased; the microbial diversity changed; the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus increased; and that of Escherichia Shigella and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 decreased. In addition, metabolism of SPP by the mice colonic microbiome showed SPP decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, while the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota, Desulfobacterota, and Actinobacteriota increased. Finally, predicted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolism results also showed that SPP can enhance the metabolism of cofactors, vitamins, amino acids, starch, and sucrose. In conclusion, SPP can multiply the intestinal beneficial bacteria of humans and mice, promote the production of SCFAs and metabolism of amino acids, and promote intestinal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongkang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- China Certification & Inspection Group Shanghai Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dhanya BE, Prabhu A, Rekha PD. Extraction and characterization of an exopolysaccharide from a marine bacterium. Int Microbiol 2021; 25:285-295. [PMID: 34668088 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The marine bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) have transfigured the biotech sector with their myriad applications and prospects. This work was carried out to characterize and analyze the functional and biochemical properties of an EPS (EPS-DR3A) produced by a marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. YU16-DR3A. The bacterium was cultured in Zobell marine broth for the production of EPS. The extracted EPS designated as EPS-DR3A was composed of 69% carbohydrates and 7.6% proteins with a molecular weight of 20 kDa. FT-IR spectra showed the presence of different functional groups. The monosaccharide analysis performed using GC-MS showed the presence of fucose, erythrotetrose, ribose, and glucose as monomers. EPS-DR3A showed excellent emulsifying activity against the tested hydrocarbons and food oils with stable emulsions. Rheological analysis of EPS-DR3A revealed the pseudoplastic behavior. The EPS-DR3A displayed good thermal stability with a degradation temperature of 249 °C and a melting point at 322 °C. Further, it had the ability to scavenge DPPH and nitric oxide free radicals with good total antioxidant activity. The in vitro biocompatibility study of EPS-DR3A showed high degree of biocompatibility with human dermal fibroblast cells at the tested concentrations. Taken together, the findings such as thermostability, emulsifying activity, pseudoplasticity, antioxidant activity, and biocompatibility of EPS-DR3A make this biomolecule an important candidate for a wide range of biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bythadka Erappa Dhanya
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Karnataka, 575018, Mangalore, India.,Department of Biosciences, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini Prabhu
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Karnataka, 575018, Mangalore, India
| | - Punchappady Devasya Rekha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Karnataka, 575018, Mangalore, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Concórdio-Reis P, Alves VD, Moppert X, Guézennec J, Freitas F, Reis MAM. Characterization and Biotechnological Potential of Extracellular Polysaccharides Synthesized by Alteromonas Strains Isolated from French Polynesia Marine Environments. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:522. [PMID: 34564184 PMCID: PMC8470090 DOI: 10.3390/md19090522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine environments comprise almost three quarters of Earth's surface, representing the largest ecosystem of our planet. The vast ecological and metabolic diversity found in marine microorganisms suggest that these marine resources have a huge potential as sources of novel commercially appealing biomolecules, such as exopolysaccharides (EPS). Six Alteromonas strains from different marine environments in French Polynesia atolls were selected for EPS extraction. All the EPS were heteropolysaccharides composed of different monomers, including neutral monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, and mannose, rhamnose and fucose), and uronic acids (glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid), which accounted for up to 45.5 mol% of the EPS compositions. Non-carbohydrate substituents, such as acetyl (0.5-2.1 wt%), pyruvyl (0.2-4.9 wt%), succinyl (1-1.8 wt%), and sulfate (1.98-3.43 wt%); and few peptides (1.72-6.77 wt%) were also detected. Thermal analysis demonstrated that the EPS had a degradation temperature above 260 °C, and high char yields (32-53%). Studies on EPS functional properties revealed that they produce viscous aqueous solutions with a shear thinning behavior and could form strong gels in two distinct ways: by the addition of Fe2+, or in the presence of Mg2+, Cu2+, or Ca2+ under alkaline conditions. Thus, these EPS could be versatile materials for different applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Concórdio-Reis
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (P.C.-R.); (M.A.M.R.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vítor D. Alves
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food—Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Xavier Moppert
- Pacific Biotech SAS, BP 140 289, 98 701 Arue, Tahiti, French Polynesia;
| | - Jean Guézennec
- AiMB (Advices in Marine Biotechnology), 17 Rue d’Ouessant, 29280 Plouzané, France;
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (P.C.-R.); (M.A.M.R.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria A. M. Reis
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (P.C.-R.); (M.A.M.R.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bhagat N, Raghav M, Dubey S, Bedi N. Bacterial Exopolysaccharides: Insight into Their Role in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1045-1059. [PMID: 34226402 PMCID: PMC9706007 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2105.05009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Various abiotic stressors like drought, salinity, temperature, and heavy metals are major environmental stresses that affect agricultural productivity and crop yields all over the world. Continuous changes in climatic conditions put selective pressure on the microbial ecosystem to produce exopolysaccharides. Apart from soil aggregation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production also helps in increasing water permeability, nutrient uptake by roots, soil stability, soil fertility, plant biomass, chlorophyll content, root and shoot length, and surface area of leaves while also helping maintain metabolic and physiological activities during drought stress. EPS-producing microbes can impart salt tolerance to plants by binding to sodium ions in the soil and preventing these ions from reaching the stem, thereby decreasing sodium absorption from the soil and increasing nutrient uptake by the roots. Biofilm formation in high-salinity soils increases cell viability, enhances soil fertility, and promotes plant growth and development. The third environmental stressor is presence of heavy metals in the soil due to improper industrial waste disposal practices that are toxic for plants. EPS production by soil bacteria can result in the biomineralization of metal ions, thereby imparting metal stress tolerance to plants. Finally, high temperatures can also affect agricultural productivity by decreasing plant metabolism, seedling growth, and seed germination. The present review discusses the role of exopolysaccharide-producing plant growth-promoting bacteria in modulating plant growth and development in plants and alleviating extreme abiotic stress condition. The review suggests exploring the potential of EPS-producing bacteria for multiple abiotic stress management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Bhagat
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida 201301, India,Corresponding author Phone: +7042420808 E-mail:
| | - Meenu Raghav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida 201301, India
| | - Sonali Dubey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida 201301, India
| | - Namita Bedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida 201301, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Samrot AV, Abubakar Mohamed A, Faradjeva E, Si Jie L, Hooi Sze C, Arif A, Chuan Sean T, Norbert Michael E, Yeok Mun C, Xiao Qi N, Ling Mok P, Kumar SS. Mechanisms and Impact of Biofilms and Targeting of Biofilms Using Bioactive Compounds-A Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:839. [PMID: 34441045 PMCID: PMC8401077 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms comprising aggregates of microorganisms or multicellular communities have been a major issue as they cause resistance against antimicrobial agents and biofouling. To date, numerous biofilm-forming microorganisms have been identified, which have been shown to result in major effects including biofouling and biofilm-related infections. Quorum sensing (which describes the cell communication within biofilms) plays a vital role in the regulation of biofilm formation and its virulence. As such, elucidating the various mechanisms responsible for biofilm resistance (including quorum sensing) will assist in developing strategies to inhibit and control the formation of biofilms in nature. Employing biological control measures (such as the use of bioactive compounds) in targeting biofilms is of great interest since they naturally possess antimicrobial activity among other favorable attributes and can also possibly act as potent antibiofilm agents. As an effort to re-establish the current notion and understanding of biofilms, the present review discuss the stages involved in biofilm formation, the factors contributing to its development, the effects of biofilms in various industries, and the use of various bioactive compounds and their strategies in biofilm inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antony V. Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Amira Abubakar Mohamed
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Etel Faradjeva
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Lee Si Jie
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Chin Hooi Sze
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Akasha Arif
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Tan Chuan Sean
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Emmanuel Norbert Michael
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Chua Yeok Mun
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Ng Xiao Qi
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suresh S. Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Agharam Road Selaiyur, Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zayed A, Mansour MK, Sedeek MS, Habib MH, Ulber R, Farag MA. Rediscovering bacterial exopolysaccharides of terrestrial and marine origins: novel insights on their distribution, biosynthesis, biotechnological production, and future perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:597-617. [PMID: 34320886 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1942779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria exist in colonies as aggregates or associated with surfaces forming biofilms rather than planktonic cells. Living in such a unique manner is always mediated via a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances, which are composed mainly of polysaccharides or specifically exopolysaccharides (EPS). Biofilm formation and hence EPS production are affected by biotic and abiotic factors inducing/inhibiting several involved genes and other molecules. In addition, various aspects of bacterial EPS regarding: physiological functions, molecular weight, and chemical composition were demonstrated. Recent investigations have revealed a wide spectrum of EPS chemical and physicochemical properties showing promising applications in different industrial sectors. For instance, lactic acid bacteria (LAB)- and marine-derived EPS exhibit: immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antitumor, bioremediation of heavy metals, as well as thickening and viscosity modifiers in the food industry. However, bacterial EPS have not yet been commercially implemented, in contrast to plant-derived analogues. The current review aims to rediscover the EPS structural and biosynthetic features derived from marine and terrestrial bacteria, and applications as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mai K Mansour
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Sedeek
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Habib
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Chemistry Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Molina M, Cioci G, Moulis C, Séverac E, Remaud-Siméon M. Bacterial α-Glucan and Branching Sucrases from GH70 Family: Discovery, Structure-Function Relationship Studies and Engineering. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081607. [PMID: 34442685 PMCID: PMC8398850 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucansucrases and branching sucrases are classified in the family 70 of glycoside hydrolases. They are produced by lactic acid bacteria occupying very diverse ecological niches (soil, buccal cavity, sourdough, intestine, dairy products, etc.). Usually secreted by their producer organisms, they are involved in the synthesis of α-glucans from sucrose substrate. They contribute to cell protection while promoting adhesion and colonization of different biotopes. Dextran, an α-1,6 linked linear α-glucan, was the first microbial polysaccharide commercialized for medical applications. Advances in the discovery and characterization of these enzymes have remarkably enriched the available diversity with new catalysts. Research into their molecular mechanisms has highlighted important features governing their peculiarities thus opening up many opportunities for engineering these catalysts to provide new routes for the transformation of sucrose into value-added molecules. This article reviews these different aspects with the ambition to show how they constitute the basis for promising future developments.
Collapse
|
39
|
Identification of Fungal Community Associated with Deterioration of Optical Observation Instruments of Museums in Northern Vietnam. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are the most harmful microorganisms responsible for the deterioration of nonmetallic materials such as glass, polymers, and composites. To date, biological aspects of glass deterioration have been poorly investigated. The present study aimed to evaluate the diversity of the fungal community colonizing eyepieces of binoculars collected from museums of the northern provinces of Vietnam and the biodeterioration effects on accurate glass reproductions. A total of 40 isolates belonging to 14 genera were identified based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing, morphological features, and maximum likelihood analysis. The most abundant fungal genera included Aspergillus (43.8%) and Penicillium (31.3%). Among those detected, Byssochlamys, Curvularia, Phomopsis, Coprinellus, Perenniporia, Talaromyces, Pithomyces, Neopestalotiopsis, Trichoderma, Pleospora, and Humicola were found for the first time. Of the 40 strains tested, 8 strains showed great organic acid production, and the extent of mycelium covered from 33.6 to 46.24%. Specifically, the highest extracellular polymeric substance production was observed in Byssochlamys spectabilis BXMA1-2 (14.96 g/L), Aspergillus niger BXMA5-2 (12.17 g/L), and Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis BMLC1-2 (9.89 g/L). Glass biodeterioration experiments revealed that the light transmission through the fungal-treated glasses was decreased by 30–42.2% as compared to the nontreated glass. In addition, the main alterations resulted from hyphal fingerprints and spots, leading to apparent damage and biocorrosion.
Collapse
|
40
|
Mao Y, Yuan Q, Yang X, Liu P, Cheng Y, Luo J, Liu H, Yao Y, Sun H, Cai T, Ma H. Non-natural Aldol Reactions Enable the Design and Construction of Novel One-Carbon Assimilation Pathways in vitro. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:677596. [PMID: 34149668 PMCID: PMC8208507 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.677596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylotrophs utilizes cheap, abundant one-carbon compounds, offering a promising green, sustainable and economical alternative to current sugar-based biomanufacturing. However, natural one-carbon assimilation pathways come with many disadvantages, such as complicated reaction steps, the need for additional energy and/or reducing power, or loss of CO2, resulting in unsatisfactory biomanufacturing performance. Here, we predicted eight simple, novel and carbon-conserving formaldehyde (FALD) assimilation pathways based on the extended metabolic network with non-natural aldol reactions using the comb-flux balance analysis (FBA) algorithm. Three of these pathways were found to be independent of energy/reducing equivalents, and thus chosen for further experimental verification. Then, two novel aldol reactions, condensing D-erythrose 4-phosphate and glycolaldehyde (GALD) into 2R,3R-stereo allose 6-phosphate by DeoC or 2S,3R-stereo altrose 6-phosphate by TalBF178Y/Fsa, were identified for the first time. Finally, a novel FALD assimilation pathway proceeding via allose 6-phosphate, named as the glycolaldehyde-allose 6-phosphate assimilation (GAPA) pathway, was constructed in vitro with a high carbon yield of 94%. This work provides an elegant paradigm for systematic design of one-carbon assimilation pathways based on artificial aldolase (ALS) reactions, which could also be feasibly adapted for the mining of other metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Mao
- Biodesign Center, Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Yuan
- Biodesign Center, Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Biodesign Center, Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Pi Liu
- Biodesign Center, Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiahao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghong Yao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbing Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cai
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongwu Ma
- Biodesign Center, Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Microbial Polymers in Edible Films and Coatings of Garden Berry and Grape: Current and Prospective Use. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
42
|
Tiwari S, Kavitake D, Devi PB, Halady Shetty P. Bacterial exopolysaccharides for improvement of technological, functional and rheological properties of yoghurt. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1585-1595. [PMID: 34044028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are known to have technological and functional applications in food industry including dairy based products such as yoghurt. Yoghurt is a widely consumed dairy based product due to pleasant taste and texture, as well as a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. At the same time, structural, rheological and sensorial properties are important in the production of good quality yoghurt. Various natural hydrocolloids including EPS with stabilizing and texture enhancing properties could be useful in enhancing these desirable properties. Apart from that, EPS may enhance various other functional properties of yoghurt such as antioxidant and prebiotic potential. Based on its prebiotic property, symbiotic products could be developed by combining EPS and probiotic bacterial strains. EPS has potential to provide physical and micro structural stability, thereby enhancing the protein distribution and viscoelastic properties. Main focus of the present review is to provide an insight on the action of EPS as a functional hydrocolloid on the technological, rheological and functional properties of yoghurt and related products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Tiwari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Digambar Kavitake
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Palanisamy Bruntha Devi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sachin K, Karn SK. Microbial Fabricated Nanosystems: Applications in Drug Delivery and Targeting. Front Chem 2021; 9:617353. [PMID: 33959586 PMCID: PMC8093762 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.617353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of nanosystems for different biomedical and drug delivery applications has drawn the attention of researchers worldwide. The likeness of microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, algae, fungi, and even viruses toward metals is well-known. Higher tolerance to toxic metals has opened up new avenues of designing microbial fabricated nanomaterials. Their synthesis, characterization and applications in bioremediation, biomineralization, and as a chelating agent has been well-documented and reviewed. Further, these materials, due to their ability to get functionalized, can also be used as theranostics i.e., both therapeutic as well as diagnostic agents in a single unit. Current article attempts to focus particularly on the application of such microbially derived nanoformulations as a drug delivery and targeting agent. Besides metal-based nanoparticles, there is enough evidence wherein nanoparticles have been formulated using only the organic component of microorganisms. Enzymes, peptides, polysaccharides, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), poly-(amino acids) are amongst the most used biomolecules for guiding crystal growth and as a capping/reducing agent in the fabrication of nanoparticles. This has promulgated the idea of complete green chemistry biosynthesis of nano-organics that are most sought after in terms of their biocompatibility and bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Sachin
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Karn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Butorac K, Novak J, Bellich B, Terán LC, Banić M, Leboš Pavunc A, Zjalić S, Cescutti P, Šušković J, Kos B. Lyophilized alginate-based microspheres containing Lactobacillus fermentum D12, an exopolysaccharides producer, contribute to the strain's functionality in vitro. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:85. [PMID: 33865380 PMCID: PMC8052780 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus (Limosilactobacillus) fermentum D12 is an exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing strain whose genome contains a putative eps operon. Whole-genome analysis of D12 was performed to disclose the essential genes correlated with activation of precursor molecules, elongation and export of the polysaccharide chain, and regulation of EPS synthesis. These included the genes required for EPS biosynthesis such as epsA, B, C, D and E, also gt, wzx, and wzy and those involved in the activation of the precursor molecules galE, galT and galU. Both the biosynthesis and export mechanism of EPS were proposed based on functional annotation. When grown on MRS broth with an additional 2% w/v glucose, L. fermentum D12 secreted up to 200 mg/L of a mixture of EPSs, whose porous structure was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Structural information obtained by 1HNMR spectroscopy together with composition and linkage analyses, suggested the presence of at least two different EPSs, a branched heteropolysaccharide containing t-Glcp and 2,6-linked Galf, and glycogen. Since recent reports showed that polysaccharides facilitate the probiotic-host interactions, we at first sought to evaluate the functional potential of L. fermentum D12. Strain D12 survived simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions, exhibited antibacterial activity against enteropathogenic bacteria, adhered to Caco-2 cells in vitro, and as such showed potential for in vivo functionality. The EPS crude extract positively influenced D12 strain capacity to survive during freeze-drying and to adhere to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins but did not interfere Caco-2 and mucin adherence when added at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL. Since the viable bacterial count of free D12 cells was 3 logarithmic units lower after the exposure to simulated GIT conditions than the initial count, the bacterial cells had been loaded into alginate for viability improvement. Microspheres of D12 cells, which were previously analyzed at SEM, significantly influenced their survival during freeze-drying and in simulated GIT conditions. Furthermore, the addition of the prebiotic substrates mannitol and lactulose improved the viability of L. fermentum D12 in freeze-dried alginate microspheres during 1-year storage at 4 °C compared to the control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Butorac
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Novak
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Barbara Bellich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucrecia C Terán
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina Banić
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Leboš Pavunc
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Zjalić
- Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, Trg Kneza Višeslava 9, 23000, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jagoda Šušković
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blaženka Kos
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li X, Tan S, Luo J, Pinelo M. Nanofiltration for separation and purification of saccharides from biomass. Front Chem Sci Eng 2021; 15:837-853. [PMID: 33717607 PMCID: PMC7937517 DOI: 10.1007/s11705-020-2020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Saccharide production is critical to the development of biotechnology in the field of food and biofuel. The extraction of saccharide from biomass-based hydrolysate mixtures has become a trend due to low cost and abundant biomass reserves. Compared to conventional methods of fractionation and recovery of saccharides, nanofiltration (NF) has received considerable attention in recent decades because of its high selectivity and low energy consumption and environmental impact. In this review the advantages and challenges of NF based technology in the separation of saccharides are critically evaluated. Hybrid membrane processes, i.e., combining NF with ultrafiltration, can complement each other to provide an efficient approach for removal of unwanted solutes to obtain higher purity saccharides. However, use of NF membrane separation technology is limited due to irreversible membrane fouling that results in high capital and operating costs. Future development of NF membrane technology should therefore focus on improving material stability, antifouling ability and saccharide targeting selectivity, as well as on engineering aspects such as process optimisation and membrane module design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Li
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Jianquan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Manuel Pinelo
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mora MR, Dando R. The sensory properties and metabolic impact of natural and synthetic sweeteners. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:1554-1583. [PMID: 33580569 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The global rise in obesity, type II diabetes, and other metabolic disorders in recent years has been attributed in part to the overconsumption of added sugars. Sugar reduction strategies often rely on synthetic and naturally occurring sweetening compounds to achieve their goals, with popular synthetic sweeteners including saccharin, cyclamate, acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sucralose, neotame, alitame, and advantame. Natural sweeteners can be further partitioned into nutritive, including polyols, rare sugars, honey, maple syrup, and agave, and nonnutritive, which include steviol glycosides and rebaudiosides, luo han guo (monk fruit), and thaumatin. We choose the foods we consume largely on their sensory properties, an area in which these sugar substitutes often fall short. Here, we discuss the most popular synthetic and natural sweeteners, with the goal of providing an understanding of differences in the sensory profiles of these sweeteners versus sucrose, that they are designed to replace, essential for the effectiveness of sugar reduction strategies. In addition, we break down the influence of these sweeteners on metabolism, and present results from a large survey of consumers' opinions on these sweeteners. Consumer interest in clean label foods has driven a move toward natural sweeteners; however, neither natural nor synthetic sweeteners are metabolically inert. Identifying sugar replacements that not only closely imitate the sensory profile of sucrose but also exert advantageous effects on body weight and metabolism is critical in successfully the ultimate goals of reducing added sugar in the average consumer's diet. With so many options for sucrose replacement available, consumer opinion and cost, which vary widely with suagr replacements, will also play a vital role in which sweeteners are successful in widespread adoption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux R Mora
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Robin Dando
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang Y, Dai X, Jin H, Man C, Jiang Y. The effect of optimized carbon source on the synthesis and composition of exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus paracasei. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4023-4032. [PMID: 33551164 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to predict the optimal carbon source for higher production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) by Lactobacillus paracasei TD 062, and to evaluate the effect of this carbon source on the production and monosaccharide composition of EPS. We evaluated the EPS production capacity of 20 strains of L. paracasei under the same conditions. We further investigated L. paracasei TD 062, which showed the highest EPS-producing activity (0.609 g/L), by examining the associated biosynthesis pathways for EPS. Genomics revealed that fructose, mannose, trehalose, glucose, galactose, and lactose were carbon sources that L. paracasei TD 062 could use to produce EPS. We identified an EPS synthesis gene cluster that could participate in transport, export, and sugar chain synthesis, and generate 6 sugar nucleotides. Experimental results showed that the sugar content of the EPS produced using fermentation with the optimized carbon source (fructose, mannose, trehalose, glucose, galactose, and lactose) increased by 115%. Furthermore, use of the optimized carbon source changed the monosaccharide content of the associated EPS. The results of enzyme activity measurements showed significant increases in the activity of 2 key enzymes involved in the glycoside synthesis pathway. Our study revealed that optimizing the carbon source provided for fermentation not only increased the production of EPS, but also affected the composition of the monosaccharides by increasing enzyme activity in the underlying synthesis pathways, suggesting an important role for carbon source in the production of EPS by L. paracasei TD 062.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaofei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Haonan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Kangyuan Dairy Co. Ltd., Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Su T, Liu H, Zhang C, Shang D, Wang C, Qiu L. Taisui TS-2007S, a Large Microbial Mat Discovered in Soil in China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:592034. [PMID: 33281790 PMCID: PMC7690426 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.592034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Taisui TS-2007S, a previously unidentified biological object discovered in soil in China, was identified. TS-2007S was shown to contain abundant carbohydrates but a scarcity of protein, fat, and minerals. The exopolymers of TS-2007S showed FT-IR spectra that were similar to those of xanthan gum (XG) but that were dissimilar to those of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The NMR spectra of TS-2007S exopolymers in D2O were similar to those of PVA but differed from those of xanthan gum. Unlike PVA, TS-2007S exopolymers and xanthan gum were not soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Furthermore, the exopolymers contained many monosaccharide components, including fucose, rhamnose, mannose, and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 87.90:7.49:4.45:0.15. The exopolymers also included traces of glucuronic acid, galactose, and xylose. Taken together, these results suggest that the exopolymers are microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). The microbial community structure in TS-2007S showed that the predominant bacterial, archaeal, and fungal phyla were Proteobacteria, Euryarchaeota, and Ascomycota at high relative abundances of 90.77, 97.15, and 87.43%, respectively, different from those observed in water and soil environments. Based on these results, we strongly propose that TS-2007S should be defined as a microbial mat formed in soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongfu Su
- College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haohao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Di Shang
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaojiang Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Chaojiang Wang,
| | - Liyou Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Liyou Qiu,
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Efficient biosynthesis of polysaccharide welan gum in heat shock protein-overproducing Sphingomonas sp. via temperature-dependent strategy. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:247-257. [PMID: 32944865 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell growth and product formation are two critical processes in polysaccharide welan biosynthesis, but the conflict between them is often encountered. In this study, a temperature-dependent strategy was designed for two-stage welan production through overexpressing heat shock proteins in Sphingomonas sp. The first stage was cell growth phase with higher TCA cycle activity at 42 °C; the second stage was welan formation phase with higher precursor synthesis pathway activity at 37 °C. The highest welan concentration 37.5 g/L was achieved after two-stage process. Ultimately, this strategy accumulated welan yield of 79.2 g/100 g glucose and productivity of 0.62 g/L/h at 60 h, which were the best reported results so far. The duration of fermentation was shortened. Besides, rheological behavior of welan gum solutions remained stable at wide range of temperature, pH, and NaCl. These results indicated that this approach efficiently improved welan synthesis.
Collapse
|
50
|
Osemwegie OO, Adetunji CO, Ayeni EA, Adejobi OI, Arise RO, Nwonuma CO, Oghenekaro AO. Exopolysaccharides from bacteria and fungi: current status and perspectives in Africa. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04205. [PMID: 32577572 PMCID: PMC7303563 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are extracellular metabolites of living organisms (plants, animals, algae, bacteria and fungi) associated with adaptation, survival and functionalities. The EPSs also afford humans multiple value-adding applications across different spheres of endeavors. The variable chemical and biochemical architecture that characterizes an EPS presets its biological functionality and potential biotechnological benefits. Suffices to say that it is amenable to genetic, biotechnological and biochemical maneuverability for desired bioactivity or application during their production and extraction. EPSs have been shown to have, antioxidant, anti-tumor and antiviral activities; enhance soil aridity and nutritional value of food consumed by humans. Their innocuous domestic and commercial versatility and biotechnological relevance is a reliable confirmation of the recent attention accorded EPSs by the global research community. This is especially with respect to their biosynthesis, composition, production, structure, characterization, sources, functional properties and applications. It is also responsible for the development of newer strategies for their extraction. EPSs' relative prospects, perspectives and orientation in the African context are seldom reported in recognized scientific literature data bases. A random preliminary study showed that EPS applications, biotechnological and research orientations are still developing, and influenced by preponderant vegetation, level of industrialization, political will and culture. Africa is endowed with untapped bioresources (biomaterials), bioproducts and bioequivalents that can mediate several global foods, industrial and technological challenges for which EPS may be a potential remedy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University Iyamho, PMB 04, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Eugene Ayodele Ayeni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Landmark University, P.M.B 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaniyi Isaiah Adejobi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Landmark University, P.M.B 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Rotimi Olusunya Arise
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Province, China
| | | | - Abbot Okotie Oghenekaro
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB1154, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3N 2N2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|