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Perez-Bou L, Gonzalez-Martinez A, Cabrera JJ, Juarez-Jimenez B, Rodelas B, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Correa-Galeote D. Design and Validation of Primer Sets for the Detection and Quantification of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Environmental Samples by Quantitative PCR. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:71. [PMID: 38748252 PMCID: PMC11096201 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The high prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in several environments is a great concern threatening human health. Particularly, wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) become important contributors to the dissemination of ARB to receiving water bodies, due to the inefficient management or treatment of highly antibiotic-concentrated wastewaters. Hence, it is vital to develop molecular tools that allow proper monitoring of the genes encoding resistances to these important therapeutic compounds (antibiotic resistant genes, ARGs). For an accurate quantification of ARGs, there is a need for sensitive and robust qPCR assays supported by a good design of primers and validated protocols. In this study, eleven relevant ARGs were selected as targets, including aadA and aadB (conferring resistance to aminoglycosides); ampC, blaTEM, blaSHV, and mecA (resistance to beta-lactams); dfrA1 (resistance to trimethoprim); ermB (resistance to macrolides); fosA (resistance to fosfomycin); qnrS (resistance to quinolones); and tetA(A) (resistance to tetracyclines). The in silico design of the new primer sets was performed based on the alignment of all the sequences of the target ARGs (orthology grade > 70%) deposited in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, allowing higher coverages of the ARGs' biodiversity than those of several primers described to date. The adequate design and performance of the new molecular tools were validated in six samples, retrieved from both natural and engineered environments related to wastewater treatment. The hallmarks of the optimized qPCR assays were high amplification efficiency (> 90%), good linearity of the standard curve (R2 > 0.980), repeatability and reproducibility across experiments, and a wide linear dynamic range. The new primer sets and methodology described here are valuable tools to upgrade the monitorization of the abundance and emergence of the targeted ARGs by qPCR in WWTPs and related environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizandra Perez-Bou
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan J Cabrera
- Nitrogen Metabolism Group, Zaidín Experimental Station, Spanish National Research Council, EEZ-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Belen Juarez-Jimenez
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Belen Rodelas
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Correa-Galeote
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Leopold M, Kabicher A, Pap IJ, Ströbele B, Zarfel G, Farnleitner AH, Kirschner AKT. A comparative study on antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolates from Austrian patients and wastewater-influenced Danube River water and biofilms. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 258:114361. [PMID: 38552533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major threat to human health worldwide. AMR can be introduced into natural aquatic ecosystems, for example, from clinical facilities via wastewater emissions. Understanding AMR patterns in environmental populations of bacterial pathogens is important to elucidate propagation routes and develop mitigation strategies. In this study, AMR patterns of Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections and colonised urinary catheters of inpatients and outpatients were compared to isolates from the Danube River within the same catchment in Austria to potentially link environmental with clinical resistance patterns. Susceptibility to 20 antibiotics was tested for 697 patient, 489 water and 440 biofilm isolates. The resistance ratios in patient isolates were significantly higher than in the environmental isolates and higher resistance ratios were found in biofilm in comparison to water isolates. The role of the biofilm as potential sink of resistances was reflected by two extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates in the biofilm while none were found in water, and by higher amoxicillin/clavulanic acid resistance ratios in biofilm compared to patient isolates. Although, resistances to last-line antibiotics such as carbapenems and tigecycline were found in the patient and in the environmental isolates, they still occurred at low frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Leopold
- Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria; Institute for Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Kabicher
- Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria; Institute for Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko-Julia Pap
- Clinical Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University Clinic St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Barbara Ströbele
- Clinical Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University Clinic St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Gernot Zarfel
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas H Farnleitner
- Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria; Institute for Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander K T Kirschner
- Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria; Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Medical University Vienna, Austria.
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Guo CH, Liu YQ, Li Y, Duan XX, Yang TY, Li FY, Zou M, Liu BT. High prevalence and genomic characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from large-scale rivers in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 331:121869. [PMID: 37225077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The widespread presence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and mcr-positive Escherichia coli (MCREC) poses a huge threat to both animal and human health. River water environments are vital reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes, however, the prevalence and characteristics of CRE and MCREC from large-scale rivers in China have not been reported. In the current study, we sampled 86 rivers from four cities in Shandong Province, China in 2021 and analyzed the prevalence of CRE and MCREC. The blaNDM/blaKPC-2/mcr-positive isolates were characterized with methods including PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation, replicon typing, whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. We found that the prevalence of CRE and MCREC in 86 rivers was 16.3% (14/86) and 27.9% (24/86), respectively and eight rivers carried both mcr-1 and blaNDM/blaKPC-2. A total of 48 Enterobacteriaceae isolates (10 ST11 Klebsiella pneumoniae with blaKPC-2, 12 blaNDM-positive E. coli and 26 MCREC carrying only mcr-1) were obtained in this study and 47 displayed multidrug resistance (MDR). Notably, 10 of the 12 blaNDM-positive E. coli isolates also harbored the mcr-1 gene. The blaKPC-2 gene was located within mobile element ISKpn27-blaKPC-2-ISKpn6 on novel F33:A-:B- non-conjugative MDR plasmids in ST11 K. pneumoniae. The dissemination of blaNDM was mediated by transferable MDR IncB/O plasmids or IncX3 plasmids while mcr-1 was primarily disseminated by highly similar IncI2 plasmids. Notably, these waterborne IncB/O, IncX3 and IncI2 plasmids were all highly similar to previously identified plasmids from animal and human isolates. A phylogenomic analysis revealed that the CRE and MCREC isolates from water environments might be derived from animals and trigger infections in humans. The high prevalence of CRE and MCREC in large-scale environmental rivers is alarming and needs sustained surveillance due to the potential risk for transmission to humans via the food chain (irrigation) or direct contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Hong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yu-Qing Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yan Li
- Qingdao Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Duan
- Qingdao Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Ting-Yu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Fang-Yu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ming Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Bao-Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Tu Z, Shui J, Liu J, Tuo H, Zhang H, Lin C, Feng J, Feng Y, Su W, Zhang A. Exploring the abundance and influencing factors of antimicrobial resistance genes in manure plasmidome from swine farms. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:462-471. [PMID: 36182154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasmids play a critical role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), however, a systematical understanding of ARGs originated from plasmids in swine production is currently lacking. Herein, quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to determine the prevalence of ten ARGs and the class1 integron gene intI1 of plasmid source in swine manure from 44 farms in Sichuan, Hubei and Hebei provinces, China. All assayed ARGs were observed in plasmid DNA samples, and the average absolute abundance of aac(6')-Ib-cr, blaNDM, blaCTX-M, optrA, ermB, floR, mcr-1, qnrS, tetM, sul1 and intI1 were 7.09, 2.90, 4.67, 6.62, 7.55, 7.14, 4.08, 4.85, 7.16, 7.11 and 8.07 of 10 log copies/gram, respectively. IntI1 showed a high correlation (r > 0.8, P < 0.01) with the abundance of aac(6')-Ib-cr and sul1 in swine manure. Moreover, the farm scale (i.e., herd population) and geographical location were not found to be critical factors influencing the absolute abundance of ARGs of plasmid DNA in swine farms. However, the concentrations of florfenicol, Cu, Zn, Fe, total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) demonstrated a significant correlation with the abundance of several ARGs. Particularly, Cu and Zn had high correlations with optrA and blaCTX-M, respectively. Our results demonstrated that antibiotics, heavy metals and environmental nutrients are likely jointly contributing to the long-term persistence of ARGs in swine production. This study provides insights into the abundance and influencing factors of ARGs from swine manure, which is of significance for assessing and reducing the public health risks in livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunfang Tu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Junrui Shui
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongmei Tuo
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Cong Lin
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jingyi Feng
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuxuan Feng
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wen Su
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Anyun Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Batista MPB, Cavalcante FS, Alves Cassini ST, Pinto Schuenck R. Diversity of bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes in hospital raw sewage in Southeastern Brazil. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:239-250. [PMID: 36640035 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) emerged and spread among humans and animals worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the presence of ARB and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the raw sewage of two hospitals in Brazil. Sewage aliquots were inoculated in a selective medium with antibiotics. Bacterial identification was performed by MALDI-TOF and ARGs were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 208 strains from both hospitals were isolated (H1 = 117; H2 = 91). A wide variety of Enterobacterales and non-Enterobacterales species were isolated and most of them were Enterobacter spp. (13.0%), Proteus mirabilis (10.1%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.6%). blaTEM and blaKPC were the most frequent β-lactamase-encoding genes and the predominant macrolide resistance genes were mph(A) and mel. Many species had the three tetracycline resistance genes (tetD, tetM, tetA) and strB was the prevalent aminoglycoside resistance gene. Two Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains had the mecA gene. Quinolone, colistin, and vancomycin resistance genes were not found. This study showed that hospital raw sewage is a great ARB and ARG disseminator. Strict monitoring of hospital sewage treatment is needed to avoid the spread of these genes among bacteria in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ricardo Pinto Schuenck
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil E-mail:
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Xu L, Fan J, Fu H, Yang Y, Luo Q, Wan F. The variants of polymyxin susceptibility in different species of genus Aeromonas. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1030564. [PMID: 36386612 PMCID: PMC9642839 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The aquatic environment is an important medium for the accumulation and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria as it is often closely related to human activities. Previous studies paid little attention to the prevalence and mechanism of polymyxin-resistant bacteria in the aquatic environment. As a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen widely distributed in aquatic ecosystems, the antibiotic-resistant profile of Aeromonas spp. deserves much attention. In this study, we identified 61 Aeromonas spp. isolates from water samples in the section of the Yangtze River. The total polymyxin B (PMB) resistance rate of these strains was 49.18% (30/61), showing a high level of polymyxin resistance in Aeromonas spp. The MIC50 and MIC90 for PMB exhibited a significant discrepancy among different species (p < 0.001). The MIC50 and MIC90 for PMB in the Aeromonas hydrophila were 128 mg/L and above 128 mg/L while in Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas veronii, the MIC50 and MIC90 value were both 2 mg/L. Only two A. veronii strains (MIC = 2 mg/L) and one A. caviae strain (MIC = 0.5 mg/L) were identified as carrying mobilized polymyxin resistant gene mcr-3.42, and mcr-3.16. All mcr genes were located in the chromosome. This is the first report that the downstream region of mcr-3.42 was the truncated mcr-3-like gene separated by the insertion sequences of ISAs20 (1,674 bp) and ISAs2 (1,084 bp). Analysis of epidemiology of mcr-positive Aeromonas genomes from GenBank database showed that the genus Aeromonas and the aquatic environment might be the potential container and reservoir of mcr-3. By the whole-genome sequencing and qRT-PCR, we inferred that the sequence differences in the AAA domain of MlaF protein and its expression level among these three species might be involved in the development of polymyxin resistance. Our study provided evidences of the possible mechanism for the variety of polymyxin susceptibility in different species of the genus Aeromonas and a theoretical basis for the surveillance of the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Fan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyi Yang
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Wan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Guan Y, Xue X, Jia J, Li X, Xing H, Wang Z. Metagenomic assembly and binning analyses the prevalence and spread of antibiotic resistome in water and fish gut microbiomes along an environmental gradient. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115521. [PMID: 35716556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pristine river and urban river show an environmental gradient caused by anthropogenic impacts such as wastewater treatment plants and domestic wastewater discharges. Here, metagenomic and binning analyses unveiled antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) profiles, their co-occurrence with metal resistance genes (MRGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and their host bacteria in water and Hemiculter leucisculus samples of the river. Results showed that the decrease of ARG abundances from pristine to anthropogenic regions was attributed to the reduction of the relative abundance of multidrug resistance genes in water microbiomes along the environmental gradient. Whereas anthropogenic impact contributed to the enrichment of ARGs in fish gut microbiomes. From pristine to anthropogenic water samples, the dominant host bacteria shifted from Pseudomonas to Actinobacteria. Potential pathogens Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Enterobacter kobei, Aeromonas veronii and Microcystis aeruginosa_C with multiple ARGs were retrieved from fish gut microbes in lower reach of Ba River. The increasing trends in the proportion of the contigs carrying ARGs (ARCs) concomitant with plasmids along environmental gradient indicated that plasmids act as efficient mobility vehicles to enhance the spread of ARGs under anthropogenic pressures. Moreover, the higher co-occurrence of ARGs and MRGs on plasmids revealed that anthropogenic impacts accelerated the co-transfer potential of ARGs and MRGs and the enrichment of ARGs. Partial least squares path modeling revealed anthropogenic contamination could shape fish gut antibiotic resistome mainly via affecting ARG host bacteria in water microbiomes, following by ARGs co-occurrence with MGEs and MRGs in gut microbiomes. This study enhanced our understanding of the mechanism of the anthropogenic activities on the transmission of antibiotic resistome in river ecosystem and emphasized the risk of ARGs and pathogens transferring from an aquatic environment to fish guts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xue Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jia Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuening Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haoran Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Yuanyuan N, Xiaobo Y, Shang W, Yutong Y, Hongrui Z, Chenyu L, Bin X, Xi Z, Chen Z, Zhiqiang S, Jingfeng W, Yun L, Pingfeng Y, Zhigang Q. Isolation and characterization of two homolog phages infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:946251. [PMID: 35935197 PMCID: PMC9348578 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.946251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are capable of infecting specific bacteria, and therefore can be used as a biological control agent to control bacteria-induced animal, plant, and human diseases. In this study, two homolog phages (named PPAY and PPAT) that infect Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were isolated and characterized. The results of the phage plaque assay showed that PPAT plaques were transparent dots, while the PPAY plaques were translucent dots with a halo. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that PPAT (65 nm) and PPAY (60 nm) strains are similar in size and have an icosahedral head and a short tail. Therefore, these belong to the short-tailed phage family Podoviridae. One-step growth curves revealed the latent period of 20 min and burst time of 30 min for PPAT and PPAY. The burst size of PPAT (953 PFUs/infected cell) was higher than that of PPAY (457 PFUs/infected cell). Also, the adsorption rate constant of PPAT (5.97 × 10−7 ml/min) was higher than that of PPAY (1.32 × 10−7 ml/min) at 5 min. Whole-genome sequencing of phages was carried out using the Illumina HiSeq platform. The genomes of PPAT and PPAY have 54,888 and 50,154 bp, respectively. Only 17 of the 352 predicted ORFs of PPAT could be matched to homologous genes of known function. Likewise, among the 351 predicted ORFs of PPAY, only 18 ORFs could be matched to genes of established functions. Homology and evolutionary analysis indicated that PPAT and PPAY are closely related to PA11. The presence of tail fiber proteins in PPAY but not in PPAT may have contributed to the halo effect of its plaque spots. In all, PPAT and PPAY, newly discovered P. aeruginosa phages, showed growth inhibitory effects on bacteria and can be used for research and clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Yuanyuan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Xiaobo
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wang Shang
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yutong
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhou Hongrui
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Chenyu
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Bin
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhang Xi
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shen Zhiqiang
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wang Jingfeng
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Yun
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Yun,
| | - Yu Pingfeng
- College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiu Zhigang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Qiu Zhigang,
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blaKPC-24-Harboring Aeromonas veronii from the Hospital Sewage Samples in China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0055522. [PMID: 35546572 PMCID: PMC9241592 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00555-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
KPC-24, different from KPC-2 by a single amino acid alteration at codon 6 (R6P), was initially discovered in Klebsiella pneumoniae in Chile. Here, we reported KPC-24-producing Aeromonas veronii isolates from hospital sewage in China. The blaKPC-24 was cloned and the MICs were tested against β-lactams antimicrobial agents. KPC-24 exhibited a β-lactam susceptibility profile similar to that of KPC-2. Whole-genome sequencing and analysis revealed that blaKPC-24 was located within a Tn6296-related region on an IncP-6 plasmid. IMPORTANCE Our study described a variant of K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), KPC-24, from two A. veronii strains isolated from hospital sewage, in which antibiotics, biocides, pharmaceuticals, and heavy metals may supply an appropriate condition for the evolution of carbapenemases. Some variants exhibited stronger hydrolysis activity to antibiotics and gave rise to a major public health concern. More seriously, Aeromonas species are prevalent in aquatic environments and, thus, may act as a suitable vector for antibiotics-resistance genes and foster the transmission of resistance. We should attach importance to surveying the evolution and transmission of antibiotics-resistance genes.
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Teixeira P, Tacão M, Henriques I. Occurrence and distribution of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and carbapenemase genes along a highly polluted hydrographic basin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118958. [PMID: 35131334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We determined the distribution and temporal variation of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), carbapenemase-encoding genes and other antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a highly polluted river (Lis River; Portugal), also assessing the potential influence of water quality to this distribution. Water samples were collected in two sampling campaigns performed one year apart (2018/2019) from fifteen sites and water quality was analyzed. CRE were isolated and characterized. The abundance of four ARGs (blaNDM, blaKPC, tetA, blaCTX-M), two Microbial Source Tracking (MST) indicators (HF183 and Pig-2-Bac) and the class 1 integrase gene (IntI1) was measured by qPCR. RESULTS: confirmed the poor quality of the Lis River water, particularly in sites near pig farms. A collection of 23 CRE was obtained: Klebsiella (n = 19), Enterobacter (n = 2) and Raoultella (n = 2). PFGE analysis revealed a clonal relationship between isolates obtained in different sampling years and sites. All CRE isolates exhibited multidrug resistance profiles. Klebsiella and Raoultella isolates carried blaKPC while Enterobacter harbored blaNDM. Conjugation experiments were successful for only four Klebsiella isolates. All ARGs were detected by qPCR on both sampling campaigns. An increase in ARGs and IntI1 abundances was detected in sites located downstream of wastewater treatment plants. Strong correlations were observed between blaCTX-M, IntI1 and the human-pollution marker HF183, and also between tetA and the pig-pollution marker Pig-2-bac, suggesting that both human- and animal-derived pollution in the Lis River are a potential source of ARGs. Plus, water quality parameters related to eutrophication and land use were significantly correlated with ARGs abundances. Our findings demonstrated that the Lis River encloses high levels of antibiotic resistant bacteria and ARGs, including CRE and carbapenemase-encoding genes. Overall, this study provides a better understanding on the impacts of water pollution resulting from human and animal activities on the resistome of natural aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Teixeira
- Biology Department and CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta Tacão
- Biology Department and CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Henriques
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Coimbra, Portugal
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11
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Aeromonas: the multifaceted middleman in the One Health world. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 65:24-32. [PMID: 34717260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas is at the interface of all the One Health components and represents an amazingly sound test case in the One Health approach, from economic loss in aquaculture tochallenges related to antibiotic-resistant bacteria selected from the environment. In human health, infections following leech therapy is an outstanding example of such One Health challenges. Aeromonads are not only ubiquitous environmental bacteria, able to rapidly colonize and cause opportunistic infections in humans and animals, they are also capable of promoting interactions and gene exchanges between the One Health components. This makes this genus a key amplifier of genetic transfer, especially of antibiotic resistance genes.
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12
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Niegowska M, Sanseverino I, Navarro A, Lettieri T. Knowledge gaps in the assessment of antimicrobial resistance in surface waters. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:fiab140. [PMID: 34625810 PMCID: PMC8528692 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic resistance in the water environment has been widely described. However, still many knowledge gaps exist regarding the selection pressure from antibiotics, heavy metals and other substances present in surface waters as a result of anthropogenic activities, as well as the extent and impact of this phenomenon on aquatic organisms and humans. In particular, the relationship between environmental concentrations of antibiotics and the acquisition of ARGs by antibiotic-sensitive bacteria as well as the impact of heavy metals and other selective agents on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) need to be defined. Currently, established safety values are based on the effects of antibiotic toxicity neglecting the question of AMR spread. In turn, risk assessment of antibiotics in waterbodies remains a complex question implicating multiple variables and unknowns reinforced by the lack of harmonized protocols and official guidelines. In the present review, we discussed current state-of-the-art and the knowledge gaps related to pressure exerted by antibiotics and heavy metals on aquatic environments and their relationship to the spread of AMR. Along with this latter, we reflected on (i) the risk assessment in surface waters, (ii) selective pressures contributing to its transfer and propagation and (iii) the advantages of metagenomics in investigating AMR. Furthermore, the role of microplastics in co-selection for metal and antibiotic resistance, together with the need for more studies in freshwater are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Niegowska
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Isabella Sanseverino
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Anna Navarro
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Teresa Lettieri
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
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13
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Cherak Z, Loucif L, Moussi A, Rolain JM. Epidemiology of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes in aquatic environments. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 27:51-62. [PMID: 34438108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin is one of the last-line therapies against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, especially carbapenemase-producing isolates, making resistance to this compound a major global public-health crisis. Until recently, colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria was known to arise only by chromosomal mutations. However, a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism was described in late 2015. This mechanism is encoded by different mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes that encode phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) transferases. These enzymes catalyse the addition of a pEtN moiety to lipid A in the bacterial outer membrane leading to colistin resistance. MCR-producing Gram-negative bacteria have been largely disseminated worldwide. However, their environmental dissemination has been underestimated. Indeed, water environments act as a connecting medium between different environments, allowing them to play a crucial role in the spread of antibiotic resistance between the natural environment and humans and other animals. For a better understanding of the role of such environments as reservoirs and/or dissemination routes of mcr genes, this review discusses primarily the various water habitats contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance. Thereafter, we provide an overview of existing knowledge regarding the global epidemiology of mcr genes in water environments. This review confirms the global distribution of mcr genes in several water environments, including wastewater from different origins, surface water and tap water, making these environments reservoirs and dissemination routes of concern for this resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Cherak
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Biotechnologie et Valorisation des Bio-ressources (GBVB), Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Khider, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Lotfi Loucif
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Département de Microbiologie et de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algeria.
| | - Abdelhamid Moussi
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Biotechnologie et Valorisation des Bio-ressources (GBVB), Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Khider, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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14
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Patchanee P, Chokesajjawatee N, Santiyanont P, Chuammitri P, Deeudom M, Monteith W, Sheppard SK, Pascoe B, Prasertsee T. Characterisation of Salmonella enterica clones carrying mcr-1 plasmids in meat products and patients in Northern Thailand using long read sequencing. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 358:109314. [PMID: 34176647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is an important foodborne pathogen associated with consumption of contaminated food, especially food of livestock origin. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella has been reported globally and increasing AMR in food production is a major public health issue worldwide. The objective of this study was to describe the genetic relatedness among Salmonella enterica isolates, which displayed identical DNA fingerprint profiles. Ten S. enterica isolates were selected from meat and human cases with an identical rep-PCR profile of serovars Rissen (n = 4), Weltevreden (n = 4), and Stanley (n = 2). We used long-read whole genome sequencing (WGS) on the MinION sequencing platform to type isolates and investigate in silico the presence of specific AMR genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was tested by disk diffusion and gradient diffusion method to corroborate the AMR phenotype. Multidrug resistance and resistance to more than one antimicrobial agent were observed in eight and nine isolates, respectively. Resistance to colistin with an accompanying mcr-1 gene was observed among the Salmonella isolates. The analysis of core genome and whole genome MLST revealed that the Salmonella from meat and human salmonellosis were genetically related. Hence, it could be concluded that meat is one of the important sources for Salmonella infection in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapas Patchanee
- Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Nipa Chokesajjawatee
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pannita Santiyanont
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Chuammitri
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Manu Deeudom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - William Monteith
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7BA, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7BA, United Kingdom; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7BA, United Kingdom; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Teerarat Prasertsee
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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Girardello R, Piroupo CM, Martins J, Maffucci MH, Cury AP, Franco MRG, Malta FDM, Rocha NC, Pinho JRR, Rossi F, Duarte AJDS, Setubal JC. Genomic Characterization of mcr-1.1-Producing Escherichia coli Recovered From Human Infections in São Paulo, Brazil. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:663414. [PMID: 34177843 PMCID: PMC8221240 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.663414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins are one of most important antibiotics available for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. Diverse chromosomal resistance mechanisms have been described, but the polymyxin resistance phenotype is not yet completely understood. The objective of this study was to characterize colistin resistant mcr-1-producing strains isolated from human infections over one year in a hospital setting (Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, Brazil). We isolated 490 colistin-resistant Gram-negative rods, of which eight were mcr-1.1-positive Escherichia coli, the only species with this result, indicating a low incidence of the mcr-1 production mechanism among colistin-resistant isolates. All mcr-1.1 positive isolates showed similarly low MICs for colistin and were susceptible to most antibiotics tested. The isolates showed diversity of MLST classification. The eight mcr-1.1-positive E. coli genomes were sequenced. In seven of eight isolates the mcr-1.1 gene is located in a contig that is presumed to be a part of an IncX4 plasmid; in one isolate, it is located in a contig that is presumed to be part of an IncHI2A plasmid. Three different genomic contexts for mcr-1.1 were observed, including a genomic cassette mcr-1.1-pap2 disrupting a DUF2806 domain-containing gene in six isolates. In addition, an IS1-family transposase was found inserted next to the mcr-1.1 cassette in one isolate. An mcr-1.1-pap2 genomic cassette not disrupting any gene was identified in another isolate. Our results suggest that plasmid dissemination of hospital-resident strains took place during the study period and highlight the need for continued genomic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Girardello
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular e Clínica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade São Francisco, Braganca Paulista, Brazil
| | - Carlos Morais Piroupo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Helena Maffucci
- Hospital das Clínicas, Divisão Laboratório Central, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Cury
- Hospital das Clínicas, Divisão Laboratório Central, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Renata Gomes Franco
- Hospital das Clínicas, Divisão Laboratório Central, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Conceição Rocha
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular e Clínica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade São Francisco, Braganca Paulista, Brazil.,Hospital das Clínicas, Divisão Laboratório Central, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Hospital das Clínicas, Divisão Laboratório Central, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Técnicas Especiais, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia Rossi
- Hospital das Clínicas, Divisão Laboratório Central, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Hospital das Clínicas, Divisão Laboratório Central, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Setubal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Identification and characterization of colistin-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from Lower Himalayan Region of India. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMultidrug resistance is one of the worldwide public health concerns. Water represents the most suitable environment, for the exchange of antibiotic resistance genes among pathogenic to non-pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, we aimed to screen the presence of blaNDM-1, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M and mcr1–5 genes among water samples from different locations of Lower Himachal Pradesh. We examined the genotypic incidences of blaNDM-1, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTXM and mcr1–5 by polymerase chain reaction. Survivability assay, fitness cost assay and biofilm assay were performed for phenotypic characterization. The presence of blaNDM-1 and its related variants were analysed and confirmed by sequencing-based approaches. A total of 73 bacterial strains were identified on M-lauryl sulphate agar medium. Out of 73 colistin-resistant isolates, 34 were E. coli and 39 were K. pneumoniae. Out of 34 samples, 2 (5.8%), 2 (5.8%), 5 (14.7%), 5 (14.7%) and 4 (11.76%) E. coli were blaTEM, blaSHV,blaCTXM-1, blaCTXM-2 and blaCTXM-15 positive, respectively. Among 39 K. pneumoniae, 15 (38.4%), 6 (15.3%), 10 (25.6%), 9 (23.07%) and 10 (25.6%) were blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTXM-1, blaCTXM-2 and blaCTXM-15 positive, respectively. Interestingly, we observed one E. coli (HG4) isolate with both blaNDM-1 and mcr-1 gene. Further analysis showed HG4 isolate has lesser survivability on the cotton swab, long lag phase and less biofilm production compared to colistin-sensitive isolates. Detection of E. coli with blaNDM-1 and mcr-1 in this geographical region is an alarming signal for tourists, community, health workers and policymakers. Hence, it is utmost important to take appropriate measures to control the dissemination of antibiotic resistance gene in such pristine locations.
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Cherak Z, Loucif L, Moussi A, Rolain JM. Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in aquatic environments: a review. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 25:287-309. [PMID: 33895415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest public-health challenges worldwide, especially with regard to Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Carbapenems are the β-lactam antibiotics of choice with the broadest spectrum of activity and, in many cases, are the last-resort treatment for several bacterial infections. Carbapenemase-encoding genes, mainly carried by mobile genetic elements, are the main mechanism of resistance against carbapenems in GNB. These enzymes exhibit a versatile hydrolytic capacity and confer resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics. After being considered a clinical issue, increasing attention is being giving to the dissemination of such resistance mechanisms in the environment and especially through water. Aquatic environments are among the most significant microbial habitats on our planet, known as a favourable medium for antibiotic gene transfer, and they play a crucial role in the huge spread of drug resistance in the environment and the community. In this review, we present current knowledge regarding the spread of carbapenemase-producing isolates in different aquatic environments, which may help the implementation of control and prevention strategies against the spread of such dangerous resistant agents in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Cherak
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Biotechnologie et Valorisation des Bio-ressources (GBVB), Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Khider, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Lotfi Loucif
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Département de Microbiologie et de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algeria.
| | - Abdelhamid Moussi
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Biotechnologie et Valorisation des Bio-ressources (GBVB), Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Khider, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; and Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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Teng CH, Wu PC, Tang SL, Chen YC, Cheng MF, Huang PC, Ko WC, Wang JL. A Large Spatial Survey of Colistin-Resistant Gene mcr-1-Carrying E. coli in Rivers across Taiwan. Microorganisms 2021; 9:722. [PMID: 33807253 PMCID: PMC8066897 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colistin is one of the last-line antimicrobial agents against life-threatening infections. The distribution of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 has been reported worldwide. However, most studies have focused on the distribution of mcr-1-positive bacteria in humans, animals, food, and sewage; few have focused on their distribution in natural environments. METHOD We conducted a large spatial survey of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli at 119 sites in 48 rivers, covering the entire island of Taiwan. We investigated the relationship between the livestock or poultry density in the surveyed riverine area and the number of mcr-1-positive E. coli in the river water. We then sequenced and characterized the isolated mcr-1-positive plasmids. RESULTS Seven mcr-1 positive E. coli were isolated from 5.9% of the sampling sites. The mcr-1-positive sites correlated with high chicken and pig stocking densities but not human population density or other river parameters. Four of the mcr-1-positive E. coli strains harbored epidemic IncX4 plasmids, and three of them exhibited identical sequences with a size of 33,309 bp. One of the plasmids contained identical 33,309 bp sequences but carried an additional 5711-bp transposon (Tn3 family). To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that mcr-1-carrying IncX4 plasmids can contain an insertion of such transposons. All mcr-1-positive isolates belonged to phylogenetic group A and harbored few known virulence genes. CONCLUSION This study showed a positive relationship between the number of mcr-1-positive sites and high livestock and poultry density. The sequencing analyses indicated that the epidemic plasmid in the mcr-1 isolates circulates not only in humans, animals, and food but also in the associated environments or natural habitats in Taiwan, suggesting that the surveillance of antibiotics-resistance genes for livestock or poultry farm quality control should include their associated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hao Teng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-H.T.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Lin Tang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-H.T.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Ming-Fang Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chih Huang
- Department of Cosmetics and Fashion Styling, Cheng-Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Ling Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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19
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Zhong Y, Guo S, Seow KLG, Ming GOH, Schlundt J. Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Jurong Lake, Singapore with Whole-Genome-Sequencing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18030937. [PMID: 33499011 PMCID: PMC7908357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: The fast-spreading of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-producing E. coli) and ESBL genes has become a big challenge to public health. The risk of spreading ESBL genes and pathogens in the environment and community has raised public health concern. The characterizing and whole-genome sequencing studies of ESBL-producing bacteria from reservoir water in Singapore is still limited. Materials and methods: The reservoir water sample was taken from two randomly selected sampling points of the Chinese Garden (Jurong river reservoir), which is a popular reservoir park in Singapore. The bacteria of the water sample were collected with 0.45 µm filter membranes and enriched before processing with ESBL-producing E. coli screening. The collected ESBL positive isolates were further characterized by both phenotypic tests including disc diffusion and microdilution Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test, and also genotypic test as whole-genome sequencing analysis. Besides, to investigate the transferability of the resistance gene, a conjugation test was performed with the J53 E. coli strain as the gene receptor. Result: Nine ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were collected and confirmed as ESBL-producing with both phenotypic and genotypic tests. A potential pathogen as ST131 clade A isolate was identified, and all isolates were determined to harbor a blaCTX-M gene. Among them, strain J1E4 was resistant to polymyxin E and confirmed to harboring a conjugatable mcr-1 gene. Further genetic environment analysis has reflected a conversed gene cluster formed by insert sequence (IS), blaCTX-M-15, and WbuC family cupin-fold metalloprotein, which may potentially jump from the plasmids to the chromosome. Conclusion: The first time we reported the whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of ESBL-producing E. coli including potential pathogen (ST131) present in reservoir water in Singapore. The ESBL-producing E. coli from reservoir water also carrying conjugatable colistin resistance genes which may become a risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhong
- Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore; (S.G.); (K.L.G.S.); (G.O.H.M.)
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Siyao Guo
- Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore; (S.G.); (K.L.G.S.); (G.O.H.M.)
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Kelyn Lee Ghee Seow
- Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore; (S.G.); (K.L.G.S.); (G.O.H.M.)
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Glendon Ong Hong Ming
- Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore; (S.G.); (K.L.G.S.); (G.O.H.M.)
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Joergen Schlundt
- Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore; (S.G.); (K.L.G.S.); (G.O.H.M.)
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
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Chaturvedi P, Singh A, Chowdhary P, Pandey A, Gupta P. Occurrence of emerging sulfonamide resistance (sul1 and sul2) associated with mobile integrons-integrase (intI1 and intI2) in riverine systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:142217. [PMID: 33181985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Global use of antibiotics has exceedingly enhanced in agricultural, veterinary and prophylactic human use in recent days. Hence, these antibiotics can easily be found in the environment. This study revealed the occurrence of emerging MDR and ESBL producing strains, pollution profile, and factors integrons (intI1 and intI2) and environmental factors associated, in the riverine systems under different ecological and geo-climatic zones were investigated. The samples were collected based on anthropogenic intervention such as discharge of domestic wastes, industrial wastes, hospital, and municipal wastes. Among 160bacterial morphotypes, 121 (75.62%) exhibited MDR trait with maximum resistance towards lincosamide (CD = 71.3%), beta-lactams (P = 70.6%; AMX = 66.3%), cephalosporin (CZ = 60.6%; CXM = 34.4%), sulfonamide (COT = 50.6%; TR = 43.8%) followed by macrolide (E = 29.4%), tetracycline (TET = 18.8%), aminoglycosides (S = 18.8%; GEN = 6.3%), fluoroquinolones (NX = 18.1%; OF = 4.4%) and carbapenem (IPM = 5.0%). IntI1 gene was detected in 73 (60.3%) of isolates, whereas intI2 was found in 11 (9.09%) isolates. Eight (6.61%) isolates carried both integron genes (intI1 and intI2). sul1 and dfrA1 genes were detected in 53 (72.6%) and 63 (86.3%) isolates, respectively. A total of 103 (85.1%) were found ESBL positive with the presence of ESBL genes in 100 (97.08%) isolates. In riverine systems most prevalent ESBL gene blaTEM (93.0%) was detected alone as well as in combination with bla genes. The data can be utilized for public awareness and regulation of guidelines by local governing bodies as an alarming threat to look-out against the prevalent resistance in environment thereby assisting in risk management during epidemics. This study is a comprehensive investigation of emerging antibiotic pollutants and its resistance in bacteria associated with factors integrons-integrase responsible for its dissemination. It may also assist in global surveillance of antibiotic resistance and policies to curtail unnecessary antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chaturvedi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Anuradha Singh
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Chowdhary
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Transnational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India.
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21
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Liu C, Liu Y, Feng C, Wang P, Yu L, Liu D, Sun S, Wang F. Distribution characteristics and potential risks of heavy metals and antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in dairy farm wastewater in Tai'an, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127768. [PMID: 32777611 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and antimicrobial resistant bacteria in livestock and poultry environments can cause declines in production and significant economic losses, leading to potential environmental and public health issues. In this study, the heavy metal pollution status of livestock breeding water bodies in the Dawen river basin of Shandong Province in China was evaluated, and a total of 10 heavy metals were measured. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted for Escherichia coli strains isolated from the water samples. The results showed that among all the metals, copper, zinc, and iron were detected at each sampling point, followed by nickel (detection rate of 95.74%), arsenic (detection rate of 89.36%), selenium (detection rate of 68.09%), lead (detection rate of 27.66%), and mercury (detection rate of 12.77%). Cadmium and hexavalent chromium were not detected. The contents of nine heavy metals were below the existing water standard values in China, whereas the iron pollution index in the water body in the study area was large and may pose a potential risk. A total of 17 E. coli isolates showed different resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolone antibiotics and chloramphenicol, but were mainly resistant to β-lactams and tetracyclines. The detection rate of the tetA resistance gene was relatively high, indicating the overuse of cephalosporins and tetracyclines. The results of the present study might provide evidence of metal pollution and theoretical basis on the treatment of colibacillosis in the livestock industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Lanping Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Daqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Fangkun Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
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22
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Evolution of Colistin Resistance in the Klebsiella pneumoniae Complex Follows Multiple Evolutionary Trajectories with Variable Effects on Fitness and Virulence Characteristics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 65:AAC.01958-20. [PMID: 33139278 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01958-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has led to a resurgence in the use of colistin as a last-resort drug. Colistin is a cationic antibiotic that selectively acts on Gram-negative bacteria through electrostatic interactions with anionic phosphate groups of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). Colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae is mediated through loss of these phosphate groups, their modification by cationic groups, and by the hydroxylation of acyl groups of lipid A. Here, we study the in vitro evolutionary trajectories toward colistin resistance in four clinical K. pneumoniae complex strains and their impact on fitness and virulence characteristics. Through population sequencing during in vitro evolution, we found that colistin resistance develops through a combination of single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions and deletions, and the integration of insertion sequence elements, affecting genes associated with LPS biosynthesis and modification and capsule structures. Colistin resistance decreased the maximum growth rate of one K. pneumoniae sensu stricto strain, but not those of the other three K. pneumoniae complex strains. Colistin-resistant strains had lipid A modified through hydroxylation, palmitoylation, and l-Ara4N addition. K. pneumoniae sensu stricto strains exhibited cross-resistance to LL-37, in contrast to the Klebsiella variicola subsp. variicola strain. Virulence, as determined in a Caenorhabditis elegans survival assay, was increased in two colistin-resistant strains. Our study suggests that nosocomial K. pneumoniae complex strains can rapidly develop colistin resistance through diverse evolutionary trajectories upon exposure to colistin. This effectively shortens the life span of this last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of infections with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella.
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Nguyen NT, Liu M, Katayama H, Takemura T, Kasuga I. Association of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 with faecal pollution in water environments in Hanoi, Vietnam. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:275-282. [PMID: 33099779 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Colistin is one of the antibiotics of last resort for human health. However, the dissemination of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 is of great concern globally. In the One Health framework, the environment is an important component for managing antimicrobial resistance. However, little information is available concerning the prevalence of mcr-1 in water environments. We aimed to reveal the prevalence of mcr-1 in different water environments in Hanoi, Vietnam. Quantitative PCR was applied to detect mcr-1 in four urban drainages receiving untreated domestic wastewater, three rivers, five lakes and two groundwater samples. Urban drainages contained higher concentrations of mcr-1, suggesting that urban residents carry the gene. The class 1 integron-integrase gene was identified as a good surrogate of antibiotic resistance genes including mcr-1. A significant correlation was found between the levels of mcr-1 and the human-specific cross-assembly phage, which is an indicator of human faecal pollution. These results indicated that the primary source of mcr-1 in urban water environments is human faeces, which is consistent with the fact that most domestic wastewater is untreated in Hanoi. The control of untreated wastewater is critical for alleviating the spread of mcr-1 in water environments in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Nguyen
- Vietnam Research Station, Center for Infectious Disease Research in Asia and Africa, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Master's Program in Environmental Engineering, VNU Vietnam Japan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - M Liu
- Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Katayama
- Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Takemura
- Vietnam Research Station, Center for Infectious Disease Research in Asia and Africa, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - I Kasuga
- Master's Program in Environmental Engineering, VNU Vietnam Japan University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Xiaomin S, Yiming L, Yuying Y, Zhangqi S, Yongning W, Shaolin W. Global impact of mcr-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae bacteria on "one health". Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:565-577. [PMID: 33044874 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1812510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymyxins, especially polymyxin B and polymyxin E (colistin), are considered to be the last line of defence against infections caused by multi-drug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). However, the recent emergence and dissemination of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 and its variants pose a serious challenge to public health and the livestock industry. This review describes the prevalence and dissemination of mcr-1-positive isolates from different sources, including animals (food animals, pet animals and wildlife), humans (healthy populations and patients) and the environment (farms, urban and rural communities and natural environments) based on existing epidemiological studies of mcr-1 and MCR-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae bacteria around the world. The major mechanisms of mcr-1 transmission across humans, animals and the environment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xiaomin
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, P.R. China
| | - Li Yiming
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yuying
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, P.R. China
| | - Shen Zhangqi
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, P.R. China
| | - Wu Yongning
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Shaolin
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, P.R. China
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25
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Smyth C, O'Flaherty A, Walsh F, Do TT. Antibiotic resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing faecal coliforms in wastewater treatment plant effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114244. [PMID: 32146363 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) provide optimal conditions for the maintenance and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this work we describe the occurrence of antibiotic resistant faecal coliforms and their mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in the effluent of two urban WWTPs in Ireland. This information is critical to identifying the role of WWTPs in the dissemination of ARB and ARGs into the environment. Effluent samples were collected from two WWTPs in Spring and Autumn of 2015 and 2016. The bacterial susceptibility patterns to 13 antibiotics were determined. The phenotypic tests were carried out to identify AmpC or extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. The presence of ESBL genes were detected by PCR. Plasmids carrying ESBL genes were transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α recipient and underwent plasmid replicon typing to identify incompatibility groups. More than 90% of isolated faecal coliforms were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin, followed by tetracycline (up to 39.82%), ciprofloxacin (up to 31.42%) and trimethoprim (up to 37.61%). Faecal coliforms resistant to colistin (up to 31.62%) and imipenem (up to 15.93%) were detected in all effluent samples. Up to 53.98% of isolated faecal coliforms expressed a multi-drug resistance (MRD) phenotype. AmpC production was confirmed in 5.22% of isolates. The ESBL genes were confirmed for 11.84% of isolates (9.2% of isolates carried blaTEM, 1.4% blaSHV-12, 0.2% blaCTX-M-1 and 1% blaCTX-M-15). Plasmids extracted from 52 ESBL isolates were successfully transformed into recipient E. coli. The detected plasmid incompatibility groups included the IncF group, IncI1, IncHI1/2 and IncA/C. These results provide evidence that treated wastewater is polluted with ARB and MDR faecal coliforms and are sources of ESBL-producing, carbapenem and colistin resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian Smyth
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Aidan O'Flaherty
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Fiona Walsh
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Thi Thuy Do
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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26
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Fleres G, Couto N, Schuele L, Chlebowicz MA, Mendes CI, van der Sluis LWM, Rossen JWA, Friedrich AW, García-Cobos S. Detection of a novel mcr-5.4 gene variant in hospital tap water by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:3626-3628. [PMID: 31504580 PMCID: PMC6857192 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fleres
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natacha Couto
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard Schuele
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monika A Chlebowicz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catarina I Mendes
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luc W M van der Sluis
- Center of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John W A Rossen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alex W Friedrich
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia García-Cobos
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Khedher MB, Baron SA, Riziki T, Ruimy R, Raoult D, Diene SM, Rolain JM. Massive analysis of 64,628 bacterial genomes to decipher water reservoir and origin of mobile colistin resistance genes: is there another role for these enzymes? Sci Rep 2020; 10:5970. [PMID: 32249837 PMCID: PMC7136264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, new worrying colistin resistance mechanism, mediated by mcr-1 gene has been reported worldwide along with eight newly described variants but their source(s) and reservoir(s) remain largely unexplored. Here, we conducted a massive bioinformatic analysis of bacterial genomes to investigate the reservoir and origin of mcr variants. We identified 13'658 MCR-1 homologous sequences in 494 bacterial genera. Moreover, analysis of 64'628 bacterial genomes (60 bacterial genera and 1'047 species) allows identifying a total of 6'651 significant positive hits (coverage >90% and similarity >50%) with the nine MCR variants from 39 bacterial genera and more than 1'050 species. A high number of MCR-1 was identified in Escherichia coli (n = 862). Interestingly, while almost all variants were identified in bacteria from different sources (i.e. human, animal, and environment), the last variant, MCR-9, was exclusively detected in bacteria from human. Although these variants could be identified in bacteria from human and animal sources, we found plenty MCR variants in unsuspected bacteria from environmental origin, especially from water sources. The ubiquitous presence of mcr variants in bacteria from water likely suggests another role in the biosphere of these enzymes as an unknown defense system against natural antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriophage predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Ben Khedher
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Alexandra Baron
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Toilhata Riziki
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Raymond Ruimy
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Laboratoire de bactériologie, Nice, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Seydina M Diene
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France.
- IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France.
- IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France.
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28
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Nwaiwu O, Aduba CC. An in silico analysis of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes in Aeromonas plasmids. AIMS Microbiol 2020; 6:75-91. [PMID: 32226916 PMCID: PMC7099201 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequences of 105 Aeromonas species plasmids were probed for acquired anti-microbial resistance (AMR) genes using a bioinformatics approach. The plasmids showed no positive linear correlation between size and GC content and up to 55 acquired AMR genes were found in 39 (37%) plasmids after in silico screening for resistance against 15 antibiotic drug classes. Overall, potential multiple antibiotic resistance (p-MAR) index ranged from 0.07 to 0.53. Up to 18 plasmids were predicted to mediate multiple drug resistance (MDR). Plasmids pS121-1a (A. salmonicida), pWCX23_1 (A. hydrophila) and pASP-a58 (A. veronii) harboured 18, 15 and 14 AMR genes respectively. The five most occurring drug classes for which AMR genes were detected were aminoglycosides (27%), followed by beta-lactams (17%), sulphonamides (13%), fluoroquinolones (13%), and phenicols (10%). The most prevalent genes were a sulphonamide resistant gene Sul1, the gene aac (6')-Ib-cr (aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyl transferase type Ib-cr) resistant to aminoglycosides and the blaKPC-2 gene, which encodes carbapenemase-production. Plasmid acquisition of AMR genes was mainly inter-genus rather than intra-genus. Eighteen plasmids showed template or host genes acquired from Pseudomonas monteilii, Salmonella enterica or Escherichia coli. The most occurring antimicrobial resistance determinants (ARDs) were beta-lactamase, followed by aminoglycosides acetyl-transferases, and then efflux pumps. Screening of new isolates in vitro and in vivo is required to ascertain the level of phenotypic expression of colistin and other acquired AMR genes detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogueri Nwaiwu
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, United Kingdom
| | - Chiugo Claret Aduba
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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29
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Occurrence and Characteristics of Mobile Colistin Resistance ( mcr) Gene-Containing Isolates from the Environment: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031028. [PMID: 32041167 PMCID: PMC7036836 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of mobile colistin (COL) resistance (mcr) genes jeopardize the efficacy of COL, a last resort antibiotic for treating deadly infections. COL has been used in livestock for decades globally. Bacteria have mobilized mcr genes (mcr-1 to mcr-9). Mcr-gene-containing bacteria (MGCB) have disseminated by horizontal/lateral transfer into diverse ecosystems, including aquatic, soil, botanical, wildlife, animal environment, and public places. The mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-5, mcr-7, and mcr-8 have been detected in isolates from and/or directly in environmental samples. These genes are harboured by Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Kluyvera, Aeromonas, Providencia, and Raulotella isolates. Different conjugative and non-conjugative plasmids form the backbones for mcr in these isolates, but mcr have also been integrated into the chromosome of some strains. Insertion sequences (IS) (especially ISApl1) located upstream or downstream of mcr, class 1–3 integrons, and transposons are other drivers of mcr in the environment. Genes encoding multi-/extensive-drug resistance and virulence are often co-located with mcr on plasmids in environmental isolates. Transmission of mcr to/among environmental strains is clonally unrestricted. Contact with the mcr-containing reservoirs, consumption of contaminated animal-/plant-based foods or water, international animal-/plant-based food trades and travel, are routes for transmission of MGCB.
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Prevalence of Colistin-Resistant, Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Proteobacteria in Hospital Water Bodies and Out-Falls of West Bengal, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031007. [PMID: 32033408 PMCID: PMC7037630 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics has resulted in a catastrophic increase in the levels of antibiotic resistance in India. Hospitals treat critical bacterial infections and thus can serve as reservoirs of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Hence, this study was conducted to gauge the prevalence patterns of MDR bacteria in hospital wastewater. Water samples collected from 11 hospitals and 4 environmental sources belonging to 5 most-densely populated districts of West Bengal, India were grown on MacConkey and Eosin Methylene Blue agar. A total of 84 (hospital-associated = 70, environmental water sources = 14) isolates were characterized. The predominant species found in water from hospital-associated areas (HAA) were Acinetobacter baumannii (22.9%), Escherichia coli (28.6 %), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.7%). Greater than 75% of the HAA isolates were found to be mcr-1 gene negative and colistinresistant. Meropenem non-susceptibility was also high among the HAA isolates at 58.6%, with the presence of the carbapenemase gene and blaNDM in 67.1% of the non-susceptible isolates. Among the three predominant species, significantly higher numbers of E. coli isolates were found to be non-susceptible to meropenem ((80%), p-value = 0.00432) and amikacin (AK (90%), p-value = 0.00037). This study provides evidence for the presence of high numbers of colistin-resistant and carbapenem-hydrolyzing Proteobacteriain hospital wastewater.
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Felis E, Kalka J, Sochacki A, Kowalska K, Bajkacz S, Harnisz M, Korzeniewska E. Antimicrobial pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment - occurrence and environmental implications. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 866:172813. [PMID: 31751574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The environmental occurrence of antimicrobial pharmaceuticals and antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistant genes has become a global phenomenon and a multifaceted threat. Integrated actions of many parties are needed to prevent further aggravation of the problem. Well-directed actions require clear understanding of the problem, which can be ensured by frequent revaluation of the existing knowledge and disseminating it among relevant audiences. The goal of this review paper is to discuss the occurrence and abundance of antimicrobial pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment in context of adverse effects caused directly by these substances and the threat associated with the antibiotics resistance phenomenon. Several classes of antimicrobial pharmaceuticals (aminoglycosides, β-lactams, glycopeptides, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides and trimethoprim, tetracyclines) have been selected to illustrate their sources, environmental abundance, degradation routes (transformation products) and environmental implications including their ecotoxic effect and the spread of antibiotic resistance within the compartments of the aquatic environment and wastewater treatment plants. Wastewater treatment plants are indeed the main source responsible for the prevalence of these factors in the aquatic environment, since predominantly the plants have not been designed to retain antimicrobial pharmaceuticals. In order to limit the prevalence of these impurities into the environment, better source control is recommended as well as the establishment of stricter environmental quality standards. Counteracting all the above-mentioned threats requires to undertake integrated activities based on cooperation of professionals and scientists from various fields of science or industry, such as environmental sciences, medicine, veterinary, pharmacology, chemical engineering and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Felis
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, Ul. Akademicka 2, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, The Biotechnology Centre, Ul. B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kalka
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, Ul. Akademicka 2, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Adam Sochacki
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, Ul. Akademicka 2, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, The Biotechnology Centre, Ul. B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Kowalska
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, Ul. Akademicka 2, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, The Biotechnology Centre, Ul. B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bajkacz
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Ul. B Krzywoustego 6, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, The Biotechnology Centre, Ul. B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Harnisz
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland
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Hu X, Yu X, Shang Y, Xu H, Guo L, Liang Y, Kang Y, Song L, Sun J, Yue F, Mao Y, Zheng B. Emergence and Characterization of a Novel IncP-6 Plasmid Harboring bla KPC-2 and qnrS2 Genes in Aeromonas taiwanensis Isolates. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2132. [PMID: 31572337 PMCID: PMC6751286 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissemination of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) among Gram-negative bacteria is an important threat to global health. However, KPC-producing bacteria from environmental samples are rarely reported. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying resistance mechanisms of three carbapenem-resistant Aeromonas taiwanensis isolates recovered from river sediment samples. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis indicated a close evolutionary relationship among A. taiwanensis isolates. S1-PFGE, Southern blot and conjugation assays confirmed the presence of blaKPC–2 and qnrS2 genes on a non-conjugative plasmid in these isolates. Plasmid analysis further showed that pKPC-1713 is an IncP-6 plasmid with a length of 53,205 bp, which can be transformed into DH5α strain and mediated carbapenems and quinolones resistance. The plasmid backbone of p1713-KPC demonstrated 99% sequence identity to that of IncP-6-type plasmid pKPC-cd17 from Aeromonas spp. and IncP-6-type plasmid: 1 from Citrobacter freundii at 74% coverage. A 14,808 bp insertion sequence was observed between merT gene and hypothetical protein in p1713-KPC, which include the quinolone resistance qnrS2 gene. Emergence of plasmid-borned blaKPC and qnrS2 genes from A. taiwanensis isolates highlights their possible dissemination into the environment. Therefore, potential detection of such plasmids from clinical isolates should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibing Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yile Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yixin Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jifeng Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yimin Mao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Anning AS, Dugbatey AA, Kwakye-Nuako G, Asare KK. Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Raw Meat and Ghanaian Coin Currencies at Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana: The Public Health Implication. Open Microbiol J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285801913010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:
The emergence and upsurge of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae in the environment is a cause of concern as this can result in an outbreak and spread to healthcare settings. MDR Enterobacteriaceae have been associated with high morbidity and mortality due to delay in selecting and delivering active therapy in time.
Aims & Objectives:
The study was conducted to investigate the level of contamination of raw meat and Ghanaian coins in circulation at Cape Coast Metropolis. In all, 10 raw meat were sampled each from chevron and beef from Kotokuraba market, and 400 Ghanaian coin currencies retrieved from food vendors, students, transport operators and banks were used in this study.
Materials & Methods:
The Enterobacteriaceae species isolated were tested for their susceptibility to Ampicillin, Tetracycline (TET), Gentamicin (GEN), Cotrimoxazole (COT), Cefuroxime (CRX), Cefixime (CXM), Cefotaxime (CTX), Penicillin (PEN), Cloxacillin (CXC), Erythromycin (ERY) and Amikacin (AMK) antibiotics using Mueller-Hinton agar antibiotic diffusion technique. Of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae, 30% and 62% from chevron and beef respectively and 14.17%, 13.75% and 10.63% from food vendors, students and transport operators respectively showed resistance to some of the antibiotics tested.
Results & Discussion:
8.6% of the Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from chevon were resistant to CRXr-CHLr-AMPr-COTr-GEMr and 15.5% of CRXi-CHLi-AMPr-TETr-COTr from beef. 40.0% of E. coli isolated from coin currencies were resistant to CRXr-CHLr-AMPr-TETr-CTXr, 50.0% of Enterobacter spp to CRXr-CHLr-AMPr-TETr-CTXr, 16.67% of Proteus spp to CRXi-CHLi-AMPr-TETr-AMKi, 40% Pseudomonas spp to CRXr-AMPr-TETr-AMKi and 100% of Enterobacter spp to CRXr-AMPr-TETi-CTXr.
Conclusion:
The multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from circulating Ghanaian coins and raw meats in the Cape Coast metropolis is an indication of an impending danger which requires immediate attention to prevent a possible outbreak and spread from the society to the hospital setting.
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