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Damar Celik D, Karaynir A, Salih Dogan H, Bozdogan B, Ozbek Celik B. Characterization and genomic analysis of PA-56 Pseudomonas phage from Istanbul, Turkey: Antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy alone and with antibiotics. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36243. [PMID: 39263065 PMCID: PMC11387251 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Phages are ubiquitous in freshwater, seawater, soil, the human body, and sewage water. They are potent biopharmaceuticals against antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and offer a promising alternative for treating infectious diseases. Also, combining phages with antibiotics enhances the antibiotics' efficacy. This study focused on two Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages isolated from lake and sewage water samples and one of them selected for further investigation. Isolated phages PA-56 and PA-18 infected 92 % and 86 % of the tested 25 clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, respectively. PA-56 with strong activity was chosen for detailed characterization, antimicrobial studies, and genome analysis. Combining PA-56 with ciprofloxacin or meropenem demonstrated phage-antibiotic synergism and increased antibiofilm efficacy. Genome analysis revealed a GC ratio of 54 % and a genome size of 42.761 bp, with no virulence or antibiotic resistance genes. Notably, PA-56 harboured the toxin-antitoxin protein, MazG. Overall, this study suggests that PA-56 holds promise for future applications in industry or medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Damar Celik
- Istanbul University Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, 34116, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulkerim Karaynir
- Recombinant DNA and Recombinant Protein Research Center (REDPROM), Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Hanife Salih Dogan
- Recombinant DNA and Recombinant Protein Research Center (REDPROM), Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Bulent Bozdogan
- Recombinant DNA and Recombinant Protein Research Center (REDPROM), Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Berna Ozbek Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
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Jandl B, Dighe S, Gasche C, Makristathis A, Muttenthaler M. Intestinal biofilms: pathophysiological relevance, host defense, and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0013323. [PMID: 38995034 PMCID: PMC11391705 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00133-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe human intestinal tract harbors a profound variety of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with the host and each other. It is a complex and highly dynamic environment whose homeostasis directly relates to human health. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and polymicrobial biofilms have been associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancers. This review covers the molecular composition and organization of intestinal biofilms, mechanistic aspects of biofilm signaling networks for bacterial communication and behavior, and synergistic effects in polymicrobial biofilms. It further describes the clinical relevance and diseases associated with gut biofilms, the role of biofilms in antimicrobial resistance, and the intestinal host defense system and therapeutic strategies counteracting biofilms. Taken together, this review summarizes the latest knowledge and research on intestinal biofilms and their role in gut disorders and provides directions toward the development of biofilm-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Jandl
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Satish Dighe
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Loha for Life, Center for Gastroenterology and Iron Deficiency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Athanasios Makristathis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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da Cruz Nizer WS, Allison KN, Adams ME, Vargas MA, Ahmed D, Beaulieu C, Raju D, Cassol E, Howell PL, Overhage J. The role of exopolysaccharides Psl and Pel in resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the oxidative stressors sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0092224. [PMID: 39194290 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00922-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is well-known for its antimicrobial resistance and the ability to survive in harsh environmental conditions due to an abundance of resistance mechanisms, including the formation of biofilms and the production of exopolysaccharides. Exopolysaccharides are among the major components of the extracellular matrix in biofilms and aggregates of P. aeruginosa. Although their contribution to antibiotic resistance has been previously shown, their roles in resistance to oxidative stressors remain largely elusive. Here, we studied the function of the exopolysaccharides Psl and Pel in the resistance of P. aeruginosa to the commonly used disinfectants and strong oxidizing agents NaOCl and H2O2. We observed that the simultaneous inactivation of Psl and Pel in P. aeruginosa PAO1 mutant strain ∆pslA pelF resulted in a significant increase in susceptibility to both NaOCl and H2O2. Further analyses revealed that Pel is more important for oxidative stress resistance in P. aeruginosa and that the form of Pel (i.e., cell-associated or cell-free) did not affect NaOCl susceptibility. Additionally, we show that Psl/Pel-negative strains are protected against oxidative stress in co-culture biofilms with P. aeruginosa PAO1 WT. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the EPS matrix and, more specifically, Pel exhibit protective functions against oxidative stressors such as NaOCl and H2O2 in P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE Biofilms are microbial communities of cells embedded in a self-produced polymeric matrix composed of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and extracellular DNA. Biofilm bacteria have been shown to possess unique characteristics, including increased stress resistance and higher antimicrobial tolerance, leading to failures in bacterial eradication during chronic infections or in technical settings, including drinking and wastewater industries. Previous studies have shown that in addition to conferring structure and stability to biofilms, the polysaccharides Psl and Pel are also involved in antibiotic resistance. This work provides evidence that these biofilm matrix components also contribute to the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to oxidative stressors including the widely used disinfectant NaOCl. Understanding the mechanisms by which bacteria escape antimicrobial agents, including strong oxidants, is urgently needed in the fight against antimicrobial resistance and will help in developing new strategies to eliminate resistant strains in any environmental, industrial, and clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kira N Allison
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madison E Adams
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario A Vargas
- Program in Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Duale Ahmed
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carole Beaulieu
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepa Raju
- Program in Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Lynne Howell
- Program in Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joerg Overhage
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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da Cruz Nizer WS, Adams ME, Montgomery MC, Allison KN, Beaulieu C, Overhage J. Genetic determinants of increased sodium hypochlorite and ciprofloxacin susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 biofilms. BIOFOULING 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39189148 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2395378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Reactive chlorine species (RCS) like sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) are potent oxidizing agents and widely used biocides in surface disinfection, water treatment, and biofilm elimination. Moreover, RCS are also produced by the human immune system to kill invading pathogens. However, bacteria have developed mechanisms to survive the damage caused by RCS. Using the comprehensive Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 transposon mutant library in a genetic screen, we identified a total of 28 P. aeruginosa PA14 mutants whose biofilms showed increased susceptibility to NaOCl in comparison to PA14 WT biofilms. Of these, ten PA14 mutants with a disrupted apaH, PA0793, acsA, PA1506, PA1547, PA3728, yajC, queA, PA3869, or PA14_32840 gene presented a 4-fold increase in NaOCl susceptibility compared to wild-type biofilms. While none of these mutants showed a defect in biofilm formation or attenuated susceptibility of biofilms toward the oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), all but PA14_32840 also exhibited a 2-4-fold increase in susceptibility toward the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Further analyses revealed attenuated levels of intracellular ROS and catalase activity only for the apaH and PA1547 mutant, providing insights into the oxidative stress response in P. aeruginosa biofilms. The findings of this paper highlight the complexity of biofilm resistance and the intricate interplay between different mechanisms to survive oxidative stress. Understanding resistance strategies adopted by biofilms is crucial for developing more effective ways to fight resistant bacteria, ultimately contributing to better management of bacterial growth and resistance in clinical and environmental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carole Beaulieu
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Joerg Overhage
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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Sauve K, Watson A, Oh JT, Swift S, Vila-Farres X, Abdelhady W, Xiong YQ, LeHoux D, Woodnutt G, Bayer AS, Schuch R. The Engineered Lysin CF-370 Is Active Against Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens In Vitro and Synergizes With Meropenem in Experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:309-318. [PMID: 38366561 PMCID: PMC11326841 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysins (cell wall hydrolases) targeting gram-negative organisms require engineering to permeabilize the outer membrane and access subjacent peptidoglycan to facilitate killing. In the current study, the potential clinical utility for the engineered lysin CF-370 was examined in vitro and in vivo against gram-negative pathogens important in human infections. METHODS Minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) and bactericidal activity were determined using standard methods. An in vivo proof-of-concept efficacy study was conducted using a rabbit acute pneumonia model caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RESULTS CF-370 exhibited potent antimicrobial activity, with MIC50/90 values (in µg/mL) for: P aeruginosa, 1/2; Acinetobacter baumannii, 1/1; Escherichia coli, 0.25/1; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2/4; Enterobacter cloacae 1/4; and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 2/8. CF-370 furthermore demonstrated bactericidal activity, activity in serum, a low propensity for resistance, anti-biofilm activity, and synergy with antibiotics. In the pneumonia model, CF-370 alone decreased bacterial densities in lungs, kidneys, and spleen versus vehicle control, and demonstrated significantly increased efficacy when combined with meropenem (vs either agent alone). CONCLUSIONS CF-370 is the first engineered lysin described with potent broad-spectrum in vitro activity against multiple clinically relevant gram-negative pathogens, as well as potent in vivo efficacy in an animal model of severe invasive multisystem infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun T Oh
- ContraFect Corporation, Yonkers, New York
| | | | | | - Wessam Abdelhady
- The Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Yan Q Xiong
- The Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
- Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Arnold S Bayer
- The Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
- Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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Konkuri M, Kharrazi S, Erfani Y, Haghighat S. Antibacterial and antibiofilm effect of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles on P. aeruginosa variants isolated from young patients with cystic fibrosis. Microb Pathog 2024; 195:106854. [PMID: 39151738 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P. aeruginosa, a biofilm-forming bacteria, is the main cause of pulmonary infection in CF patients. We applied ZnO-np as a therapeutic agent for eradicating multi-drug resistance and biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa isolated from young CF patients. METHODS A total of 73 throat and sputum samples taken from young CF patients were inquired. ZnO-np was synthesized and characterized in terms of size, shape, and structure for anti-bacterial activity. The antibiotic susceptibility of isolates before and after the addition of 16 μg/ml of ZnO was evaluated using disc diffusion and microtiter methods, respectively. The gene expression level of QS genes was assessed after treatment with 16 μg/ml ZnO-np. RESULTS The optimum concentration of ZnO-np with a higher inhibitory zone was 16 μg/ml (MIC) and 32 μg/ml (MBC). All isolates were resistant to applied antibiotics, and about 45 % of isolates were strong biofilm-forming bacteria. After treatment with 16 μg/ml ZnO-np, all strains became susceptible to the applied antibiotic except for amikacin, which confers an intermediate pattern. About 63 % and 20 % of isolates were, respectively, non-biofilm and weak biofilm-forming bacteria following the addition of ZnO-np. Relative gene expression of gacA, lasR, and rhlR genes were downregulated significantly (P < 0.001). Although the retS did not have a significant reduction (P = 0.2) CONCLUSION: ZnO-np at a concentration of 16 μg/ml could significantly reduce the P. aeruginosa infection by altering the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and inhibiting biofilm formation. Due to their photocatalytic properties and their ability to penetrate the extracellular polysaccharide layer, ZnO nanoparticles can produce ROS, which increases their susceptibility to antibiotics. Nasal delivery of ZnO-np in the form of aerosol can be considered a potential strategy to decrease the mortality rate in CF patients at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Konkuri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharmin Kharrazi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Erfani
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Setareh Haghighat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Al-Momani H, Aolymat I, Ibrahim L, Albalawi H, Al Balawi D, Albiss BA, Almasri M, Alghweiri S. Low-dose zinc oxide nanoparticles trigger the growth and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a hormetic response. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:290. [PMID: 39095741 PMCID: PMC11297655 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hormesis describes an inverse dose-response relationship, whereby a high dose of a toxic compound is inhibitory, and a low dose is stimulatory. This study explores the hormetic response of low concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHOD Samples of P. aeruginosa, i.e. the reference strain, ATCC 27,853, together with six strains recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis, were exposed to ten decreasing ZnO NPs doses (0.78-400 µg/mL). The ZnO NPs were manufactured from Peganum harmala using a chemical green synthesis approach, and their properties were verified utilizing X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. A microtiter plate technique was employed to investigate the impact of ZnO NPs on the growth, biofilm formation and metabolic activity of P. aeruginosa. Real-time polymerase chain reactions were performed to determine the effect of ZnO NPs on the expression of seven biofilm-encoding genes. RESULT The ZnO NPs demonstrated concentration-dependent bactericidal and antibiofilm efficiency at concentrations of 100-400 µg/mL. However, growth was significantly stimulated at ZnO NPs concentration of 25 µg/mL (ATCC 27853, Pa 3 and Pa 4) and at 12.5 µg/mL and 6.25 µg/mL (ATCC 27853, Pa 2, Pa 4 and Pa 5). No significant positive growth was detected at dilutions < 6.25 µg/mL. similarly, biofilm formation was stimulated at concentration of 12.5 µg/mL (ATCC 27853 and Pa 1) and at 6.25 µg/mL (Pa 4). At concentration of 12.5 µg/mL, ZnO NPs upregulated the expression of LasB ( ATCC 27853, Pa 1 and Pa 4) and LasR and LasI (ATCC 27853 and Pa 1) as well as RhII expression (ATCC 27853, Pa 2 and Pa 4). CONCLUSION When exposed to low ZnO NPs concentrations, P. aeruginosa behaves in a hormetic manner, undergoing positive growth and biofilm formation. These results highlight the importance of understanding the response of P. aeruginosa following exposure to low ZnO NPs concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafez Al-Momani
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Iman Aolymat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Lujain Ibrahim
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Hadeel Albalawi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Dua'a Al Balawi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Borhan Aldeen Albiss
- Nanotechnology Institute, Jordan University of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Muna Almasri
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Sahar Alghweiri
- Medical Laboratory Department, Prince Hashem Military Hospital, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
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Ronish LA, Biswas B, Bauer RM, Jacob ME, Piepenbrink KH. The role of extracellular structures in Clostridioides difficile biofilm formation. Anaerobe 2024; 88:102873. [PMID: 38844261 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
C. difficile infection (CDI) is a costly and increasing burden on the healthcare systems of many developed countries due to the high rates of nosocomial infections. Despite the availability of several antibiotics with high response rates, effective treatment is hampered by recurrent infections. One potential mechanism for recurrence is the existence of C. difficile biofilms in the gut which persist through the course of antibiotics. In this review, we describe current developments in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which C. difficile biofilms form and are stabilized through extracellular biomolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Ronish
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Baishakhi Biswas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Robert M Bauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Mallory E Jacob
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kurt H Piepenbrink
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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Mini M, Jayakumar D, Kumar P. In-silico and in-vitro assessment of the antibiofilm potential of azo dye, carmoisine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:6700-6710. [PMID: 37485898 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2237579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm is a community of microorganisms attached to the substrate and plays a significant role in microbial pathogenesis and medical device-related infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a highly infectious gram-negative opportunistic biofilm-forming bacterium with high antibiotic resistance. Several reports underscore the antimicrobial activity of natural and synthetic food coloring agents, including carmoisine, turmeric dye, red amaranth dye, and phloxine B. However, their ability to suppress the PA biofilm is not clearly understood. Carmoisine is a red-colored synthetic azo dye containing naphthalene subunits and sulfonic groups and is widely used as a food coloring agent. This study investigated the antibiofilm potential and possible mechanism of biofilm inhibition by carmoisine against PA. Computational studies through molecular docking revealed that carmoisine strongly binds to QS regulator LasR (-12.7) and relatively less strongly but significantly with WspR (-6.9). Further analysis of the docked LasR-carmoisine complex using 100 ns MD simulation (Desmond, Schrödinger) validated the bonding strength and stability. Crystal violet assay, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride salt assay, and confocal microscopic studies were adopted for biofilm quantification, and the results indicated the dose-dependent antibiofilm activity of carmoisine against PA. We hypothesise that the carmoisine-mediated reduction of biofilm in PA is due to its interaction with LasR and interference with the QS system. The computational and biochemical analysis of another compound, 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonic acid, reiterated the role of the naphthalene ring in biofilm inhibition. Hence, this work will pave the way for the future discovery of antibiofilm drugs based on naphthalene ring-based lead compounds.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsa Mini
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Devi Jayakumar
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Benny AT, Thamim M, Easwaran N, Gothandam KM, Thirumoorthy K, Radhakrishnan EK. Attenuation of Quorum Sensing Mediated Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa PAO1 by Substituted Chalcones and Flavonols. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400393. [PMID: 38946224 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids epitomize structural scaffolds in many biologically active synthetic and natural compounds. They showcase a diverse spectrum of biological activities including anticancer, antidiabetic, antituberculosis, antimalarial, and antibiofilm activities. The antibiofilm activity of a series of new chalcones and flavonols against clinically significant Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 strain was studied. Antivirulence activities were screened by analysing the effect of compounds on the production of virulence factors like pyocyanin, LasA protease, cell surface hydrophobicity, and rhamnolipid. The best ligands towards the quorum sensing proteins LasR, RhlR, and PqsR were recognised using a molecular docking study. The gene expression in P. aeruginosa after treatment with test compounds was evaluated on quorum sensing genes including rhlA, lasB, and pqsE. The antibiofilm potential of chalcones and flavonols was confirmed by the efficient reduction in the production of virulence factors and downregulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjitha Theres Benny
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Masthan Thamim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences and Languages, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, 466114
| | - Nalini Easwaran
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014
| | | | - Krishnan Thirumoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
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Chakraborty S, Baindara P, Sharma P, Jose T A, V K, Manoharan R, Mandal SM. Anti-Biofilm Action of Cineole and Hypericum perforatum to Combat Pneumonia-Causing Drug-Resistant P. aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:689. [PMID: 39199989 PMCID: PMC11350762 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Hospital-acquired antibiotic-resistant pneumonia is one of the major causes of mortality around the world that pose a catastrophic threat. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most significant opportunistic pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired pneumonia and gained resistance to the majority of conventional antibiotics. There is an urgent need for antibiotic alternatives to control drug-resistant pneumonia and other related respiratory infections. In the present study, we explored the antibacterial potential of cineole in combination with homeopathic medicines against biofilm-forming drug-resistant P. aeruginosa. Out of 26 selected and screened homeopathic medicines, Hypericum Perforatum (HyPer) was found to eradicate biofilm-forming drug-resistant P. aeruginosa most effectively when used in combination with cineole. Interestingly, the synergistic action of HyPer and cineole was also found to be similarly effective against planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa. Further, the potential synergistic killing mechanisms of cineole and HyPer were determined by analyzing zeta membrane potential, outer membrane permeability, and DNA release from P. aeruginosa cells upon treatment with cineole and HyPer. Additionally, molecular docking analysis revealed strong binding affinities of hypericin (an active ingredient of HyPer) with the PqsA (a quorum sensing protein) of P. aeruginosa. Overall, our findings revealed the potential synergistic action of cineole and HyPer against biofilm-forming drug-resistant P. aeruginosa. Cineole and HyPer could be used in combination with other bronchodilators as inhalers to control the biofilm-forming drug-resistant P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Chakraborty
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India;
| | - Piyush Baindara
- Animal Sciences Research Center, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Pralay Sharma
- National Institute of Homoeopathy, Block-GE, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India; (P.S.); (A.J.T.); (K.V.)
| | - Austin Jose T
- National Institute of Homoeopathy, Block-GE, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India; (P.S.); (A.J.T.); (K.V.)
| | - Kumaravel V
- National Institute of Homoeopathy, Block-GE, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India; (P.S.); (A.J.T.); (K.V.)
| | - Raja Manoharan
- National Institute of Homoeopathy, Block-GE, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India; (P.S.); (A.J.T.); (K.V.)
| | - Santi M. Mandal
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Liu W, Wang Y, Sun Y, Xia W, Qian X, Bo R, Huang Y, Ruan X. Baicalein inhibits biofilm formation of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in vitro mainly by affecting adhesion. Res Vet Sci 2024; 174:105291. [PMID: 38729095 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a widespread bacterium that causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry. APEC biofilm formation may result in chronic, persistent, and recurrent infections in clinics, making treatment challenging. Baicalein is a natural product that exhibits antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. This study investigates the inhibitory effect of baicalein on APEC biofilm formation at different stages. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of baicalein on APEC was determined, and the growth curve of APEC biofilm formation was determined. The effects of baicalein on APEC biofilm adhesion, accumulation, and maturation were observed using optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The biofilm inhibition rate of baicalein was calculated at different stages. The MIC of baicalein against APEC was 256 μg/mL. The process of APEC biofilm maturation takes approximately 48 h after incubation, with initial adhesion completed at 12 h, and cell accumulation finished at 24 h. Baicalein had a significant inhibitory effect on APEC biofilm formation at concentrations above 1 μg/mL (p < 0.01). Notably, baicalein had the highest rate of biofilm formation inhibition when added at the adhesion stage. Therefore, it can be concluded that baicalein is a potent inhibitor of APEC biofilm formation in vitro and acts, primarily by inhibiting cell adhesion. These findings suggests that baicalein has a potential application for inhibiting APEC biofilm formation and provides a novel approach for the prevention and control APEC-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanru Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Yufang Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyue Qian
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Ruihong Bo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Xiangchun Ruan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China.
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13
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Arfaoui A, Rojo-Bezares B, Fethi M, López M, Toledano P, Sayem N, Ben Khelifa Melki S, Ouzari HI, Klibi N, Sáenz Y. Molecular characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from diabetic foot infections in Tunisia. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38963417 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an invasive organism that frequently causes severe tissue damage in diabetic foot ulcers.Gap statement. The characterisation of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from diabetic foot infections has not been carried out in Tunisia.Purpose. The aim was to determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with diabetic foot infections (DFIs) in Tunisia and to characterize their resistance, virulence and molecular typing.Methods. Patients with DFIs admitted to the diabetes department of the International Hospital Centre of Tunisia, from September 2019 to April 2021, were included in this prospective study. P. aeruginosa were obtained from the wound swabs, aspiration and soft tissue biopsies during routine clinical care and were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, serotyping, integron and OprD characterization, virulence, biofilm production, pigment quantification, elastase activity and molecular typing were analysed in all recovered P. aeruginosa isolates by phenotypic tests, specific PCRs, sequencing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing.Results. Sixteen P. aeruginosa isolates (16.3 %) were recovered from 98 samples of 78 diabetic patients and were classified into 6 serotypes (O:11 the most frequent), 11 different PFGE patterns and 10 sequence types (three of them new ones). The high-risk clone ST235 was found in two isolates. The highest resistance percentages were observed to netilmicin (69 %) and cefepime (43.8 %). Four multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (25 %) were detected, three of them being carbapenem-resistant. The ST235-MDR strain harboured the In51 class 1 integron (intI1 +aadA6+orfD+qacED1-sul1). According to the detection of 14 genes involved in virulence or quorum sensing, 5 virulotypes were observed, including 5 exoU-positive, 9 exoS-positive and 2 exoU/exoS-positive strains. The lasR gene was truncated by ISPpu21 insertion sequence in one isolate, and a deletion of 64 bp in the rhlR gene was detected in the ST235-MDR strain. Low biofilm, pyoverdine and elastase production were detected in all P. aeruginosa; however, the lasR-truncated strain showed a chronic infection phenotype characterized by loss of serotype-specific antigenicity, high production of phenazines and high biofilm formation.Conclusions. Our study demonstrated for the first time the prevalence and the molecular characterization of P. aeruginosa strains from DFIs in Tunisia, showing a high genetic diversity, moderate antimicrobial resistance, but a high number of virulence-related traits, highlighting their pathological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameni Arfaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Meha Fethi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maria López
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Paula Toledano
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Noureddine Sayem
- Service of Biology, Carthagene International Hospital of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Hadda-Imene Ouzari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
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Namuga C, Muwonge H, Nasifu K, Sekandi P, Sekulima T, Kirabira JB. Hoslundia opposita vahl; a potential source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antibiofilm activity for wound healing. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:236. [PMID: 38886717 PMCID: PMC11181642 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilms and oxidative stress retard wound healing. The resistance of biofilms to antibiotics has led to a search for alternative approaches in biofilm elimination. Antioxidants work synergistically with antibacterial agents against biofilms. Hence recent research has suggested plants as candidates in the development of new alternatives in biofilm treatments and as antioxidants due to the presence of phytocompounds which are responsible for their bioactivities. Hoslundia opposita Vahl is one of the plants used by traditional healers to treat wounds and other infections, this makes it a potential candidate for drug discovery hence, in this study, we investigate the antibiofilm and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of hoslundia opposita Vahl from Uganda. We also identify phytochemicals responsible for its bioactivity. METHOD the plant was extracted by maceration using methanol, and the extract was investigated for antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay. The antibiofilm activity using microtiter plate assay (MTP) assay where the Minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration required to inhibit 50% or 90% of the biofilm (MBIC50 and MBIC90) and Minimum biofilm eradication concentration required to remove 50% or 90% of the biofilm (MBEC50 and MBEC90) were measured. It was further analysed for its phytochemical composition using quantitative screening, as well as Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS H. Opposita Vahl extract showed good antioxidant activity with of 249.6 mg/mL. It inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms with MBIC50 of 28.37 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, respectively. It showed the ability to eradicate P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms with MBEC50 of 23.85 and 39.01 mg/mL respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenols. GC-MS analysis revealed 122 compounds in the extract of which, 23 have evidence of antioxidant or antibiofilm activity in literature. The most abundant compounds were; 1,4- Citric acid, Tetracontane-1,40-diol (43.43.3%, 1, Olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, methyl ester, (3.beta) (15.36%) 9-Octadecenamide (12.50%), Squalene (11.85%) Palmitic Acid 4TMS (11.28%), and alpha Amyrin (11.27%). The LC-MS identified 115 and 57 compounds in multiple reaction mode (MRM) and scan modes respectively. CONCLUSION H. opposita Vahl showed antibiofilm and antioxidant activity due to bioactive compounds identified, hence the study justifies its use for wound healing. It can be utilised in further development of new drugs as antibiofilm and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Namuga
- Depatment of Polymer, Textile, and Industrial Engineering, Busitema University, P. O. Box 256, Tororo, Uganda.
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Haruna Muwonge
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kerebba Nasifu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter Sekandi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tahalu Sekulima
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art, and Technology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Baptist Kirabira
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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15
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Malet K, Faure E, Adam D, Donner J, Liu L, Pilon SJ, Fraser R, Jorth P, Newman DK, Brochiero E, Rousseau S, Nguyen D. Intracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Airway Epithelium of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Tissues. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:1453-1462. [PMID: 38324627 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202308-1451oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major bacterial pathogen colonizing the airways of adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and causes chronic infections that persist despite antibiotic therapy. Intracellular bacteria may represent an unrecognized reservoir of bacteria that evade the immune system and antibiotic therapy. Although the ability of P. aeruginosa to invade and survive within epithelial cells has been described in vitro in different epithelial cell models, evidence of this intracellular lifestyle in human lung tissues is currently lacking. Objectives: To detect and characterize intracellular P. aeruginosa in CF airway epithelium from human lung explant tissues. Methods: We sampled lung explant tissues from patients with CF undergoing lung transplantation and non-CF lung donor control tissue. We analyzed lung tissue sections for the presence of intracellular P. aeruginosa using quantitative culture and microscopy, in parallel to histopathology and airway morphometry. Measurements and Main Results: P. aeruginosa was isolated from the lungs of seven patients with CF undergoing lung transplantation. Microscopic assessment revealed the presence of intracellular P. aeruginosa within airway epithelial cells in three of the seven patients analyzed at a varying but low frequency. We observed those events occurring in lung regions with high bacterial burden. Conclusions: This is the first study describing the presence of intracellular P. aeruginosa in CF lung tissues. Although intracellular P. aeruginosa in airway epithelial cells is likely relatively rare, our findings highlight the plausible occurrence of this intracellular bacterial reservoir in chronic CF infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Malet
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Faure
- Université de Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Service Universitaire de Maladies Infectieuses, Lille, France
| | - Damien Adam
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jannik Donner
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Sarah-Jeanne Pilon
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard Fraser
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Jorth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering and
| | - Dianne K Newman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering and
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; and
| | - Emmanuelle Brochiero
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Rousseau
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Wen H, Zhang Y, Mi Z, Zhang H, Sun C, Liu X, Fan X. Rational design of PspAlgL to improve its thermostability and anti-biofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132084. [PMID: 38719003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm enhances tolerance to antimicrobials and immune system defenses. Alginate is an important component of biofilm and a virulence factor of P. aeruginosa. The degradation of alginate by alginate lyases has come to serve as an adjunctive therapeutic strategy against P. aeruginosa biofilm, but poor stability of the enzyme limited this application. Thus, PspAlgL, an alginate lyase, can degrade acetylated alginate but has poor thermostability. The 3D structure of PspAlgL was predicted, and the thermostability of PspAlgL was rationally designed by GRAPE strategy, resulting in two variants with better stability. These variants, PspAlgLS270F/E311P and PspAlgLG291S/E311P, effectively degraded the alginate in biofilm. In addition, compared with PspAlgL, these variants were more efficient in inhibiting biofilm formation and degrading the established biofilm of P. aeruginosa PAO1, and they were also able to destroy the biofilm attached to catheters and to increase the sensitivity of P. aeruginosa to the antibiotic amikacin. This study provides one potential anti-biofilm agent for P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Wen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Rd, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Rd, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongwen Mi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Rd, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Haichuan Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital and College, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Chenyang Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Rd, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Rd, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Xinjiong Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Rd, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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17
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Lordelo R, Branco R, Gama F, Morais PV. Assessment of antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and surface modification potential in hospital strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30464. [PMID: 38711646 PMCID: PMC11070870 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of healthcare-associated infections is a multifactorial phenomenon related to hospital space contamination by bacteria. The ESKAPE group, specifically Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, play a relevant role in the occurrence of these infections. Therefore, comprehensive research is needed to identify characteristics that justify the prevalence of these species in the healthcare environment. In this line, the study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and the potential for polymer degradation in a collection of 33 P. aeruginosa strains and 2 K. pneumoniae strains sampled from various equipment and non-critical surfaces in a Portuguese hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that none of the strains was categorized as multidrug-resistant (non-MDR). An assessment of their biofilm-forming capabilities indicated that 97 % of the strains exhibited biofilm-producing characteristics. Notably, within this group, the majority of P. aeruginosa and half of K. pneumoniae strains were classified as strong biofilm producers. Furthermore, the strains were evaluated for their potential to cause damage or change medical devices, namely infusion sets, nasal cannula, and urinary catheters. Three P. aeruginosa strains, two strong and one moderate biofilm producers, showed the highest ability to modify surfaces of the nasal cannula and infusion sets. Additionally, the Chi-square test revealed a statistically significant relationship between the presence of P. aeruginosa strains and the water accession spots. In conclusion, this work suggests that bacteria from this group hold a significant ability to grow in the healthcare environment through the degradation of non-critical materials. This suggests a potential concern for the persistence and proliferation of these organisms in hospital environments, emphasizing the importance of robust infection control measures to mitigate the risks associated with bacterial growth on such surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lordelo
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering Material and Processes, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Branco
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering Material and Processes, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Gama
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Portugal and Health School of the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal
| | - Paula V. Morais
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering Material and Processes, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
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18
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Aonofriesei F. Surfactants' Interplay with Biofilm Development in Staphylococcus and Candida. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:657. [PMID: 38794319 PMCID: PMC11125353 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The capacity of micro-organisms to form biofilms is a pervasive trait in the microbial realm. For pathogens, biofilm formation serves as a virulence factor facilitating successful host colonization. Simultaneously, infections stemming from biofilm-forming micro-organisms pose significant treatment challenges due to their heightened resistance to antimicrobial agents. Hence, the quest for active compounds capable of impeding microbial biofilm development stands as a pivotal pursuit in biomedical research. This study presents findings concerning the impact of three surfactants, namely, polysorbate 20 (T20), polysorbate 80 (T80), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), on the initial stage of biofilm development in both Staphylococcus aureus and Candida dubliniensis. In contrast to previous investigations, we conducted a comparative assessment of the biofilm development capacity of these two taxonomically distant groups, predicated on their shared ability to reduce TTC. The common metabolic trait shared by S. aureus and C. dubliniensis in reducing TTC to formazan facilitated a simultaneous evaluation of biofilm development under the influence of surfactants across both groups. Our results revealed that surfactants could impede the development of biofilms in both species by disrupting the initial cell attachment step. The observed effect was contingent upon the concentration and type of compound, with a higher inhibition observed in culture media supplemented with SDS. At maximum concentrations (5%), T20 and T80 significantly curtailed the formation and viability of S. aureus and C. dubliniensis biofilms. Specifically, T20 inhibited biofilm development by 75.36% in S. aureus and 71.18% in C. dubliniensis, while T80 exhibited a slightly lower inhibitory effect, with values ranging between 66.68% (C. dubliniensis) and 65.54% (S. aureus) compared to the controls. Incorporating these two non-toxic surfactants into pharmaceutical formulations could potentially enhance the inhibitory efficacy of selected antimicrobial agents, particularly in external topical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Aonofriesei
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University of Constanta, 1, University Street, 900470 Constanța, Romania
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19
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Bouhrour N, Nibbering PH, Bendali F. Medical Device-Associated Biofilm Infections and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens. Pathogens 2024; 13:393. [PMID: 38787246 PMCID: PMC11124157 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Medical devices such as venous catheters (VCs) and urinary catheters (UCs) are widely used in the hospital setting. However, the implantation of these devices is often accompanied by complications. About 60 to 70% of nosocomial infections (NIs) are linked to biofilms. The main complication is the ability of microorganisms to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms which protect them and help them to persist in the host. Indeed, by crossing the skin barrier, the insertion of VC inevitably allows skin flora or accidental environmental contaminants to access the underlying tissues and cause fatal complications like bloodstream infections (BSIs). In fact, 80,000 central venous catheters-BSIs (CVC-BSIs)-mainly occur in intensive care units (ICUs) with a death rate of 12 to 25%. Similarly, catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) are the most commonlyhospital-acquired infections (HAIs) worldwide.These infections represent up to 40% of NIs.In this review, we present a summary of biofilm formation steps. We provide an overview of two main and important infections in clinical settings linked to medical devices, namely the catheter-asociated bloodstream infections (CA-BSIs) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs), and highlight also the most multidrug resistant bacteria implicated in these infections. Furthermore, we draw attention toseveral useful prevention strategies, and advanced antimicrobial and antifouling approaches developed to reduce bacterial colonization on catheter surfaces and the incidence of the catheter-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Bouhrour
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
| | - Peter H. Nibbering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Farida Bendali
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
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20
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Li Z, Lu S, Liu W, Chen Z, Huang Y, Li X, Gong J, Chen X. Customized Lanthanide Nanobiohybrids for Noninvasive Precise Phototheranostics of Pulmonary Biofilm Infection. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11837-11848. [PMID: 38654614 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A noninvasive strategy for in situ diagnosis and precise treatment of bacterial biofilm infections is highly anticipated but still a great challenge. Currently, no in vivo biofilm-targeted theranostic agent is available. Herein, we fabricated intelligent theranostic alginate lyase (Aly)-NaNdF4 nanohybrids with a 220 nm sunflower-like structure (NaNdF4@DMS-Aly) through an enrichment-encapsulating strategy, which exhibited excellent photothermal conversion efficiency and the second near-infrared (NIR-II) luminescence. Benefiting from the site-specific targeting and biofilm-responsive Aly release from NaNdF4@DMS-Aly, we not only enabled noninvasive diagnosis but also realized Aly-photothermal synergistic therapy and real-time evaluation of therapeutic effect in mice models with Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm-induced pulmonary infection. Furthermore, such nanobiohybrids with a sheddable siliceous shell are capable of delaying the NaNdF4 dissolution and biodegradation upon accomplishing the therapy, which is highly beneficial for the biosafety of theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Wenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunmei Huang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Xingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiacheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Xueyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
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21
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Okurowska K, Monk PN, Karunakaran E. Increased tolerance to commonly used antibiotics in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa ex vivo porcine keratitis model. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170:001459. [PMID: 38739119 PMCID: PMC11165664 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Introduction. Bacterial keratitis, particularly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is challenging to treat because of multi-drug tolerance, often associated with the formation of biofilms. Antibiotics in development are typically evaluated against planktonic bacteria in a culture medium, which may not accurately represent the complexity of infections in vivo.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Developing a reliable, economic ex vivo keratitis model that replicates some complexity of tissue infections could facilitate a deeper understanding of antibiotic efficacy, thus aiding in the optimization of treatment strategies for bacterial keratitis.Methodology. Here we investigated the efficacy of three commonly used antibiotics (gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and meropenem) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxic strain PA14 and invasive strain PA01 using an ex vivo porcine keratitis model.Results. Both strains of P. aeruginosa were susceptible to the MIC of the three tested antibiotics. However, significantly higher concentrations were necessary to inhibit bacterial growth in the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assay, with both strains tolerating concentrations greater than 512 mg l-1 of meropenem. When MIC and higher concentrations than MBEC (1024 mg l-1) of antibiotics were applied, ciprofloxacin exhibited the highest potency against both P. aeruginosa strains, followed by meropenem, while gentamicin showed the least potency. Despite this, none of the antibiotic concentrations used effectively cleared the infection, even after 18 h of continuous exposure.Conclusions. Further exploration of antibiotic concentrations and aligning dosing with clinical studies to validate the model is needed. Nonetheless, our ex vivo porcine keratitis model could be a valuable tool for assessing antibiotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Okurowska
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Peter N. Monk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Esther Karunakaran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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22
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Wu W, Huang J, Xu Z. Antibiotic influx and efflux in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Regulation and therapeutic implications. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14487. [PMID: 38801351 PMCID: PMC11129675 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notorious multidrug-resistant pathogen that poses a serious and growing threat to the worldwide public health. The expression of resistance determinants is exquisitely modulated by the abundant regulatory proteins and the intricate signal sensing and transduction systems in this pathogen. Downregulation of antibiotic influx porin proteins and upregulation of antibiotic efflux pump systems owing to mutational changes in their regulators or the presence of distinct inducing molecular signals represent two of the most efficient mechanisms that restrict intracellular antibiotic accumulation and enable P. aeruginosa to resist multiple antibiotics. Treatment of P. aeruginosa infections is extremely challenging due to the highly inducible mechanism of antibiotic resistance. This review comprehensively summarizes the regulatory networks of the major porin proteins (OprD and OprH) and efflux pumps (MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, MexEF-OprN, and MexXY) that play critical roles in antibiotic influx and efflux in P. aeruginosa. It also discusses promising therapeutic approaches using safe and efficient adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of conventional antibiotics to combat multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa by controlling the expression levels of porins and efflux pumps. This review not only highlights the complexity of the regulatory network that induces antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa but also provides important therapeutic implications in targeting the inducible mechanism of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zeling Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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23
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Mahavy CE, Razanatseheno AJ, Mol A, Ngezahayo J, Duez P, El Jaziri M, Baucher M, Rasamiravaka T. Edible Medicinal Guava Fruit ( Psidium guajava L.) Are a Source of Anti-Biofilm Compounds against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1122. [PMID: 38674531 PMCID: PMC11054768 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Psidium guajava is one of the most common edible medicinal plants frequently used in Malagasy traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal infections. In order to evaluate their probable antibacterial activities, three organic extracts (successive extractions by hexane, dichloromethane, and ethanol) of ripe guava fruits were assessed for their bactericidal and anti-virulence properties against P. aeruginosa PAO1. Although these three extracts have shown no direct antibacterial activity (MIC of 1000 µg/mL) and, at the non-bactericidal concentration of 100 µg/mL, no impact on the production of major P. aeruginosa PAO1 virulence factors (pyocyanin and rhamnolipids), the hexane and dichloromethane extracts showed significant anti-biofilm properties and the dichloromethane extract disrupted the P. aeruginosa PAO1 swarming motility. Bioguided fractionation of the dichloromethane extract led to the isolation and identification of lycopene and β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside as major anti-biofilm compounds. Interestingly, both compounds disrupt P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation and maintenance with IC50 of 1383 µM and 131 µM, respectively. More interestingly, both compounds displayed a synergistic effect with tobramycin with a two-fold increase in its effectiveness in killing biofilm-encapsulated P. aeruginosa PAO1. The present study validates the traditional uses of this edible medicinal plant, indicating the therapeutic effectiveness of guava fruits plausibly through the presence of these tri- and tetraterpenoids, which deserve to be tested against pathogens generally implicated in diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Emmanuel Mahavy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | | | - Adeline Mol
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeremie Ngezahayo
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles et de l'Environnement (CRSNE), Université du Burundi, Bujumbura BP 2700, Burundi
| | - Pierre Duez
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Mondher El Jaziri
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Baucher
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tsiry Rasamiravaka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
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24
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Chance DL, Wang W, Waters JK, Mawhinney TP. Insights on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Carbohydrate Binding from Profiles of Cystic Fibrosis Isolates Using Multivalent Fluorescent Glycopolymers Bearing Pendant Monosaccharides. Microorganisms 2024; 12:801. [PMID: 38674745 PMCID: PMC11051836 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to frequent, persistent, and, often, polymicrobial respiratory tract infections for individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). Chronic CF infections lead to bronchiectasis and a shortened lifespan. P. aeruginosa expresses numerous adhesins, including lectins known to bind the epithelial cell and mucin glycoconjugates. Blocking carbohydrate-mediated host-pathogen and intra-biofilm interactions critical to the initiation and perpetuation of colonization offer promise as anti-infective treatment strategies. To inform anti-adhesion therapies, we profiled the monosaccharide binding of P. aeruginosa from CF and non-CF sources, and assessed whether specific bacterial phenotypic characteristics affected carbohydrate-binding patterns. Focusing at the cellular level, microscopic and spectrofluorometric tools permitted the solution-phase analysis of P. aeruginosa binding to a panel of fluorescent glycopolymers possessing distinct pendant monosaccharides. All P. aeruginosa demonstrated significant binding to glycopolymers specific for α-D-galactose, β-D-N-acetylgalactosamine, and β-D-galactose-3-sulfate. In each culture, a small subpopulation accounted for the binding. The carbohydrate anomeric configuration and sulfate ester presence markedly influenced binding. While this opportunistic pathogen from CF hosts presented with various colony morphologies and physiological activities, no phenotypic, physiological, or structural feature predicted enhanced or diminished monosaccharide binding. Important to anti-adhesive therapeutic strategies, these findings suggest that, regardless of phenotype or clinical source, P. aeruginosa maintain a small subpopulation that may readily associate with specific configurations of specific monosaccharides. This report provides insights into whole-cell P. aeruginosa carbohydrate-binding profiles and into the context within which successful anti-adhesive and/or anti-virulence anti-infective agents for CF must contend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L. Chance
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - James K. Waters
- Experiment Station Chemical Laboratories, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Thomas P. Mawhinney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Experiment Station Chemical Laboratories, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
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25
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García-Villada L, Degtyareva NP, Brooks AM, Goldberg JB, Doetsch PW. A role for the stringent response in ciprofloxacin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8598. [PMID: 38615146 PMCID: PMC11016087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of nosocomial infections and the leading cause of chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Antibiotic treatment remains challenging because P. aeruginosa is resistant to high concentrations of antibiotics and has a remarkable ability to acquire mutations conferring resistance to multiple groups of antimicrobial agents. Here we report that when P. aeruginosa is plated on ciprofloxacin (cipro) plates, the majority of cipro-resistant (ciproR) colonies observed at and after 48 h of incubation carry mutations in genes related to the Stringent Response (SR). Mutations in one of the major SR components, spoT, were present in approximately 40% of the ciproR isolates. Compared to the wild-type strain, most of these isolates had decreased growth rate, longer lag phase and altered intracellular ppGpp content. Also, 75% of all sequenced mutations were insertions and deletions, with short deletions being the most frequently occurring mutation type. We present evidence that most of the observed mutations are induced on the selective plates in a subpopulation of cells that are not instantly killed by cipro. Our results suggests that the SR may be an important contributor to antibiotic resistance acquisition in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashley M Brooks
- Integrative Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, NIEHS, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joanna B Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul W Doetsch
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, Durham, NC, USA.
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26
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David A, Tahrioui A, Duchesne R, Tareau AS, Maillot O, Barreau M, Feuilloley MGJ, Lesouhaitier O, Cornelis P, Bouffartigues E, Chevalier S. Membrane fluidity homeostasis is required for tobramycin-enhanced biofilm in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0230323. [PMID: 38411953 PMCID: PMC10986583 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02303-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes chronic infections, especially in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients where it colonizes the lungs via the build-up of biofilms. Tobramycin, an aminoglycoside, is often used to treat P. aeruginosa infections in CF patients. Tobramycin at sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations enhances both biofilm biomass and thickness in vitro; however, the mechanism(s) involved are still unknown. Herein, we show that tobramycin increases the expression and activity of SigX, an extracytoplasmic sigma factor known to be involved in the biosynthesis of membrane lipids and membrane fluidity homeostasis. The biofilm enhancement by tobramycin is not observed in a sigX mutant, and the sigX mutant displays increased membrane stiffness. Remarkably, the addition of polysorbate 80 increases membrane fluidity of sigX-mutant cells in biofilm, restoring the tobramycin-enhanced biofilm formation. Our results suggest the involvement of membrane fluidity homeostasis in biofilm development upon tobramycin exposure.IMPORTANCEPrevious studies have shown that sub-lethal concentrations of tobramycin led to an increase biofilm formation in the case of infections with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We show that the mechanism involved in this phenotype relies on the cell envelope stress response, triggered by the extracytoplasmic sigma factor SigX. This phenotype was abolished in a sigX-mutant strain. Remarkably, we show that increasing the membrane fluidity of the mutant strain is sufficient to restore the effect of tobramycin. Altogether, our data suggest the involvement of membrane fluidity homeostasis in biofilm development upon tobramycin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey David
- Unité de recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normande Sécurité Sanitaire, bien être, Aliment Durable (SéSAD), Evreux, France
| | - Ali Tahrioui
- Unité de recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normande Sécurité Sanitaire, bien être, Aliment Durable (SéSAD), Evreux, France
| | - Rachel Duchesne
- Unité de recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normande Sécurité Sanitaire, bien être, Aliment Durable (SéSAD), Evreux, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Tareau
- Unité de recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normande Sécurité Sanitaire, bien être, Aliment Durable (SéSAD), Evreux, France
| | - Olivier Maillot
- Unité de recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normande Sécurité Sanitaire, bien être, Aliment Durable (SéSAD), Evreux, France
| | - Magalie Barreau
- Unité de recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normande Sécurité Sanitaire, bien être, Aliment Durable (SéSAD), Evreux, France
| | - Marc G. J. Feuilloley
- Unité de recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normande Sécurité Sanitaire, bien être, Aliment Durable (SéSAD), Evreux, France
| | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Unité de recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normande Sécurité Sanitaire, bien être, Aliment Durable (SéSAD), Evreux, France
| | - Pierre Cornelis
- Unité de recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normande Sécurité Sanitaire, bien être, Aliment Durable (SéSAD), Evreux, France
| | - Emeline Bouffartigues
- Unité de recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normande Sécurité Sanitaire, bien être, Aliment Durable (SéSAD), Evreux, France
| | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Unité de recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normande Sécurité Sanitaire, bien être, Aliment Durable (SéSAD), Evreux, France
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27
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Chen Z, Yang Y, Li G, Huang Y, Luo Y, Le S. Effective elimination of bacteria on hard surfaces by the combined use of bacteriophages and chemical disinfectants. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0379723. [PMID: 38483478 PMCID: PMC10986474 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03797-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) represent one of the significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and controlling pathogens in the hospital environment is of great importance. Currently, the standard disinfection method in the hospital environment is chemical disinfection. However, disinfectants are usually not used strictly according to the label, making them less effective in disinfection. Therefore, there is an emergent need to find a better approach that can be used in hospitals to control pathogenic bacteria in the clinical environment. Bacteriophages (phages) are effective in killing bacteria and have been applied in the treatment of bacterial infections but have not received enough attention regarding the control of contamination in the clinical environment. In this study, we found that various phages remain active in the presence of chemical disinfectants. Moreover, the combined use of specific phages and chemical disinfectants is more effective in removing bacterial biofilms and eliminating bacteria on hard surfaces. Thus, this proof-of-concept study indicates that adding phages directly to chemical disinfectants might be an effective and economical approach to enhance clinical environment disinfection. IMPORTANCE In this study, we investigated whether the combination of bacteriophages and chemical disinfectants can enhance the efficacy of reducing bacterial contamination on hard surfaces in the clinical setting. We found that specific phages are active in chemical disinfectants and that the combined use of phages and chemical disinfectants was highly effective in reducing bacterial presence on hard surfaces. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated that adding specific phages directly to chemical disinfectants is an effective and cost-efficient strategy for clinical environment disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyue Chen
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoming Li
- Disease Surveillance Division, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Central Theater Command, Shijingshan, Beijing, China
| | - Youying Huang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Le
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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28
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Mutlu A, Vanderpool EJ, Rumbaugh KP, Diggle SP, Griffin AS. Exploiting cooperative pathogen behaviour for enhanced antibiotic potency: A Trojan horse approach. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170:001454. [PMID: 38687006 PMCID: PMC11084615 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance poses an escalating global threat, rendering traditional drug development approaches increasingly ineffective. Thus, novel alternatives to antibiotic-based therapies are needed. Exploiting pathogen cooperation as a strategy for combating resistant infections has been proposed but lacks experimental validation. Empirical findings demonstrate the successful invasion of cooperating populations by non-cooperating cheats, effectively reducing virulence in vitro and in vivo. The idea of harnessing cooperative behaviours for therapeutic benefit involves exploitation of the invasive capabilities of cheats to drive medically beneficial traits into infecting populations of cells. In this study, we employed Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing cheats to drive antibiotic sensitivity into both in vitro and in vivo resistant populations. We demonstrated the successful invasion of cheats, followed by increased antibiotic effectiveness against cheat-invaded populations, thereby establishing an experimental proof of principle for the potential application of the Trojan strategy in fighting resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Mutlu
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Stephen P. Diggle
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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29
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Longo M, Lelchat F, Le Baut V, Rioual S, Faÿ F, Lescop B, Hellio C. Tracking of Bacteriophage Predation on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using a New Radiofrequency Biofilm Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2042. [PMID: 38610253 PMCID: PMC11013890 DOI: 10.3390/s24072042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Confronting the challenge of biofilm resistance and widespread antimicrobial resistance (AMR), this study emphasizes the need for innovative monitoring methods and explores the potential of bacteriophages against bacterial biofilms. Traditional methods, like optical density (OD) measurements and confocal microscopy, crucial in studying biofilm-virus interactions, often lack real-time monitoring and early detection capabilities, especially for biofilm formation and low bacterial concentrations. Addressing these gaps, we developed a new real-time, label-free radiofrequency sensor for monitoring bacteria and biofilm growth. The sensor, an open-ended coaxial probe, offers enhanced monitoring of bacterial development stages. Tested on a biological model of bacteria and bacteriophages, our results indicate the limitations of traditional OD measurements, influenced by factors like sedimented cell fragments and biofilm formation on well walls. While confocal microscopy provides detailed 3D biofilm architecture, its real-time monitoring application is limited. Our novel approach using radio frequency measurements (300 MHz) overcomes these shortcomings. It facilitates a finer analysis of the dynamic interaction between bacterial populations and phages, detecting real-time subtle changes. This method reveals distinct phases and breakpoints in biofilm formation and virion interaction not captured by conventional techniques. This study underscores the sensor's potential in detecting irregular viral activity and assessing the efficacy of anti-biofilm treatments, contributing significantly to the understanding of biofilm dynamics. This research is vital in developing effective monitoring tools, guiding therapeutic strategies, and combating AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Longo
- Univ Brest, Lab-STICC, CNRS, UMR 6285, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.L.); (S.R.)
- Univ Brest, BIODIMAR/LEMAR, CNRS, UMR 6539, F-29200 Brest, France;
| | - Florian Lelchat
- Leo Viridis, 245 Rue René Descartes, F-29280 Plouzané, France; (F.L.); (V.L.B.)
| | - Violette Le Baut
- Leo Viridis, 245 Rue René Descartes, F-29280 Plouzané, France; (F.L.); (V.L.B.)
| | - Stéphane Rioual
- Univ Brest, Lab-STICC, CNRS, UMR 6285, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Fabienne Faÿ
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, Centre de Recherche Saint Maudé, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne-Sud, F-56321 Lorient, France;
| | - Benoit Lescop
- Univ Brest, Lab-STICC, CNRS, UMR 6285, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Claire Hellio
- Univ Brest, BIODIMAR/LEMAR, CNRS, UMR 6539, F-29200 Brest, France;
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30
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Tan X, Huang Y, Rana A, Singh N, Abbey TC, Chen H, Toth PT, Bulman ZP. Optimization of an in vitro Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Model to Examine Antibiotic Pharmacodynamics at the Air-Liquid Interface. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:16. [PMID: 38429317 PMCID: PMC10907394 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections, such as ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP). Using inhaled antibiotics to treat VABP can achieve high drug concentrations at the infection site while minimizing systemic toxicities. Despite the theoretical advantages, clinical trials have failed to show a benefit for inhaled antibiotic therapy in treating VABP. A potential reason for this discordance is the presence of biofilm-embedded bacteria in lower respiratory tract infections. Drug selection and dosing are often based on data from bacteria grown planktonically. In the present study, an in vitro air-liquid interface pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic biofilm model was optimized to evaluate the activity of simulated epithelial lining fluid exposures of inhaled and intravenous doses of polymyxin B and tobramycin against two P. aeruginosa strains. Antibiotic activity was also determined against the P. aeruginosa strains grown planktonically. Our study revealed that inhaled antibiotic exposures were more active than their intravenous counterparts across biofilm and planktonic populations. Inhaled exposures of polymyxin B and tobramycin exhibited comparable activity against planktonic P. aeruginosa. Although inhaled polymyxin B exposures were initially more active against P. aeruginosa biofilms (through 6 h), tobramycin was more active by the end of the experiment (48 h). Together, these data slightly favor the use of inhaled tobramycin for VABP caused by biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa that are not resistant to either antibiotic. The optimized in vitro air-liquid interface pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic biofilm model may be beneficial for the development of novel anti-biofilm agents or to optimize antibiotic dosing for infections such as VABP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Tan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yanqin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amisha Rana
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Taylor C Abbey
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter T Toth
- Fluorescence Imaging Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zackery P Bulman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Khorramdel M, Ghadikolaii FP, Hashemy SI, Javid H, Tabrizi MH. Nanoformulated meloxicam and rifampin: inhibiting quorum sensing and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:615-632. [PMID: 38348578 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate the simultaneous effects of meloxicam and rifampin nanoformulations with solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) substrates on inhibiting the quorum-sensing system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and preventing biofilm formation by this bacterium. Methods: Antimicrobial activity of rifampin and meloxicam encapsulated with SLNs and NLCs against P. aeruginosa PAO1 was assessed by disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: The SLN formulation was associated with lower doses for the MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration in comparison to NLC. Moreover, our results demonstrated that both nanoformulations were able to produce 100% inhibition of the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Conclusion: All these findings suggest that meloxicam and rifampin encapsulated with SLNs could be the most effective formulation against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Khorramdel
- Department of Microbiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wnorowska U, Łysik D, Piktel E, Zakrzewska M, Okła S, Lesiak A, Spałek J, Mystkowska J, Savage PB, Janmey P, Fiedoruk K, Bucki R. Ceragenin-mediated disruption of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298112. [PMID: 38346040 PMCID: PMC10861078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial biofilms, as a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease and other chronic infections, remain a desirable target for antimicrobial therapy. These biopolymer-based viscoelastic structures protect pathogenic organisms from immune responses and antibiotics. Consequently, treatments directed at disrupting biofilms represent a promising strategy for combating biofilm-associated infections. In CF patients, the viscoelasticity of biofilms is determined mainly by their polymicrobial nature and species-specific traits, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa filamentous (Pf) bacteriophages. Therefore, we examined the impact of microbicidal ceragenins (CSAs) supported by mucolytic agents-DNase I and poly-aspartic acid (pASP), on the viability and viscoelasticity of mono- and bispecies biofilms formed by Pf-positive and Pf-negative P. aeruginosa strains co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus or Candida albicans. METHODS The in vitro antimicrobial activity of ceragenins against P. aeruginosa in mono- and dual-species cultures was assessed by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC). Inhibition of P. aeruginosa mono- and dual-species biofilms formation by ceragenins alone and in combination with DNase I or poly-aspartic acid (pASP) was estimated by the crystal violet assay. Additionally, the viability of the biofilms was measured by colony-forming unit (CFU) counting. Finally, the biofilms' viscoelastic properties characterized by shear storage (G') and loss moduli (G"), were analyzed with a rotational rheometer. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that ceragenin CSA-13 inhibits biofilm formation and increases its fluidity regardless of the Pf-profile and species composition; however, the Pf-positive biofilms are characterized by elevated viscosity and elasticity parameters. CONCLUSION Due to its microbicidal and viscoelasticity-modifying properties, CSA-13 displays therapeutic potential in biofilm-associated infections, especially when combined with mucolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Wnorowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Dawid Łysik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Independent Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zakrzewska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Okła
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Agata Lesiak
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Jakub Spałek
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Joanna Mystkowska
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paul B. Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Paul Janmey
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Mohan A, Rajan PP, Kumar P, Jayakumar D, Mini M, Asha S, Vaikkathillam P. Theophylline as a quorum sensing and biofilm inhibitor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromobacterium violaceum. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00487-w. [PMID: 38342794 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is pivotal in coordinating virulence factors and biofilm formation in various pathogenic bacteria, making it a prime target for disrupting bacterial communication. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a member of the "ESKAPE" group of bacterial pathogens known for their association with antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. The current antibiotic arsenal falls short of addressing biofilm-related infections effectively, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic agents. In this study, we explored the anti-QS and anti-biofilm properties of theophylline against two significant pathogens, Chromobacterium violaceum and P. aeruginosa. The production of violacein, pyocyanin, rhamnolipid, and protease was carried out, along with the evaluation of biofilm formation through methods including crystal violet staining, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride assay, and fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, computational analyses were conducted to predict the targets of theophylline in the QS pathways of P. aeruginosa and C. violaceum. Our study demonstrated that theophylline effectively inhibits QS activity and biofilm formation in C. violaceum and P. aeruginosa. In P. aeruginosa, theophylline inhibited the production of key virulence factors, including pyocyanin, rhamnolipid, protease, and biofilm formation. The computational analyses suggest that theophylline exhibits robust binding affinity to CviR in C. violaceum and RhlR in P. aeruginosa, key participants in the QS-mediated biofilm pathways. Furthermore, theophylline also displays promising interactions with LasR and QscR in P. aeruginosa. Our study highlights theophylline as a versatile anti-QS agent and offers a promising avenue for future research to develop novel therapeutic strategies against biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Mohan
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, -695014, Kerala, India
| | - Pooja P Rajan
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, -695014, Kerala, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, -695014, Kerala, India.
| | - Devi Jayakumar
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, -695014, Kerala, India
| | - Minsa Mini
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, -695014, Kerala, India
| | - Sneha Asha
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, -695014, Kerala, India
| | - Parvathi Vaikkathillam
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, -695014, Kerala, India
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Mancuso G, Trinchera M, Midiri A, Zummo S, Vitale G, Biondo C. Novel Antimicrobial Approaches to Combat Bacterial Biofilms Associated with Urinary Tract Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:154. [PMID: 38391540 PMCID: PMC10886225 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent bacterial infections in both community and healthcare settings. They account for approximately 40% of all bacterial infections and require around 15% of all antibiotic prescriptions. Although antibiotics have traditionally been used to treat UTIs for several decades, the significant increase in antibiotic resistance in recent years has made many previously effective treatments ineffective. Biofilm on medical equipment in healthcare settings creates a reservoir of pathogens that can easily be transmitted to patients. Urinary catheter infections are frequently observed in hospitals and are caused by microbes that form a biofilm after a catheter is inserted into the bladder. Managing infections caused by biofilms is challenging due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Biofilms enable pathogens to evade the host's innate immune defences, resulting in long-term persistence. The incidence of sepsis caused by UTIs that have spread to the bloodstream is increasing, and drug-resistant infections may be even more prevalent. While the availability of upcoming tests to identify the bacterial cause of infection and its resistance spectrum is critical, it alone will not solve the problem; innovative treatment approaches are also needed. This review analyses the main characteristics of biofilm formation and drug resistance in recurrent uropathogen-induced UTIs. The importance of innovative and alternative therapies for combatting biofilm-caused UTI is emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mancuso
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Marilena Trinchera
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Angelina Midiri
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiana Zummo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Vitale
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Biondo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Chen YT, Lohia GK, Chen S, Riquelme SA. Immunometabolic Regulation of Bacterial Infection, Biofilms, and Antibiotic Susceptibility. J Innate Immun 2024; 16:143-158. [PMID: 38310854 PMCID: PMC10914382 DOI: 10.1159/000536649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upon infection, mucosal tissues activate a brisk inflammatory response to clear the pathogen, i.e., resistance to disease. Resistance to disease is orchestrated by tissue-resident macrophages, which undergo profound metabolic reprogramming after sensing the pathogen. These metabolically activated macrophages release many inflammatory factors, which promote their bactericidal function. However, in immunocompetent individuals, pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella evade this type of immunity, generating communities that thrive for the long term. SUMMARY These organisms develop features that render them less susceptible to eradication, such as biofilms and increased tolerance to antibiotics. Furthermore, after antibiotic therapy withdrawal, "persister" cells rapidly upsurge, triggering inflammatory relapses that worsen host health. How these pathogens persisted in inflamed tissues replete with activated macrophages remains poorly understood. KEY MESSAGES In this review, we discuss recent findings indicating that the ability of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and Salmonella to evolve biofilms and antibiotic tolerance is promoted by the similar metabolic routes that regulate macrophage metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Tsun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar Lohia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samantha Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sebastián A Riquelme
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Yang Y, Zhang L, Wang J, Chen Z, Tong L, Wang Z, Li G, Luo Y. Proportions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Antimicrobial-Resistant P aeruginosa Among Patients With Surgical Site Infections in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofad647. [PMID: 38328500 PMCID: PMC10847825 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogens in surgical site infections (SSIs). However, comprehensive epidemiological and antibiotic resistance details for P aeruginosa in Chinese SSIs are lacking. We evaluated the proportions and antimicrobial resistance of P aeruginosa among patients with SSIs in China. Methods Relevant papers from January 2010 to August 2022 were searched in databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Weipu. A meta-analysis was performed to analyze the proportions and 95% confidence interval (CIs) of P aeruginosa among patients with SSIs. Meta-regression analysis was used to investigate the proportion difference among different subgroups and antimicrobial resistance. Results A total of 72 studies met inclusion criteria, involving 33 050 isolated strains. The overall proportion of P aeruginosa among patients with SSIs was 16.0% (95% CI, 13.9%-18.2%). Subgroup analysis showed higher proportions in orthopedic (18.3% [95% CI, 15.6%-21.0%]) and abdominal surgery (17.3% [95% CI, 9.9%-26.2%]). The proportion in the central region (18.6% [95% CI, 15.3%-22.1%]) was slightly higher than that in other regions. Antibiotic resistance rates significantly increased after 2015: cefoperazone (36.2%), ceftriaxone (38.9%), levofloxacin (20.5%), and aztreonam (24.0%). Notably, P aeruginosa resistance to ampicillin and cefazolin exceeded 90.0%. Conclusions The proportion of P aeruginosa infection among patients with SSIs was higher than the data reported by the Chinese Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System, indicating rising antimicrobial resistance. The existing antimicrobial drug management plan should be strengthened to prevent a hospital epidemic of drug-resistant P aeruginosa strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Disease Surveillance Division, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Central Theater Command, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Central Theater Command, Beijing, China
| | - Zongyue Chen
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Tong
- Disease Surveillance Division, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Central Theater Command, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenkun Wang
- Disease Surveillance Division, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Central Theater Command, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoming Li
- Disease Surveillance Division, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Central Theater Command, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Li Z, Pang M, Zhang J, Mao L, Wang X, Sun P. Effect of ventilation modalities on the early prognosis of patients with poststroke sleep apnea. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:355-367. [PMID: 38010089 PMCID: PMC10863924 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the primary modality for treating sleep apnea after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, not all patients are well adherent to CPAP. Finding an alternative modality of ventilation to CPAP is essential. METHODS This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted from 1 May 2022 to 8 January 2023 at the Department of Neurology, Wuhan Union Hospital. Participants diagnosed with sleep apnea after AIS were grouped according to block randomization principles into the usual care group (nasal cannula and facemask), nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) group, and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) group. Rates of pulmonary infection and endotracheal intubation within 1 week of hospitalization and 28-day mortality (poststroke) were the primary outcomes (early prognosis). RESULTS In the trial, 178 patients (119 males [66.85%]; mean [SD] age, 61.04 [11.78] years) were eventually enrolled in the usual care group (n = 63), the nCPAP group (n = 55), and the HFNC group (n = 60). After ventilation, the nCPAP and HFNC groups were more effective than the usual care group in reducing the rate of pulmonary infection, endotracheal intubation, and improving neurological function and sleep apnea severity. However, there was no difference in 28-day mortality. Additionally, the improvement in prognosis was consistent between nCPAP and HFNC. In the comparison of comfort, the HFNC group was superior to nCPAP. INTERPRETATION nCPAP and HFNC reduced early pulmonary infection rates and endotracheal intubation rates. For patients with poor compliance with nCPAP, HFNC may be the best alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanyun Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ming Pang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jinnong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Dayton H, Kiss J, Wei M, Chauhan S, LaMarre E, Cornell WC, Morgan CJ, Janakiraman A, Min W, Tomer R, Price-Whelan A, Nirody JA, Dietrich LEP. Cellular arrangement impacts metabolic activity and antibiotic tolerance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002205. [PMID: 38300958 PMCID: PMC10833521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells must access resources to survive, and the anatomy of multicellular structures influences this access. In diverse multicellular eukaryotes, resources are provided by internal conduits that allow substances to travel more readily through tissue than they would via diffusion. Microbes growing in multicellular structures, called biofilms, are also affected by differential access to resources and we hypothesized that this is influenced by the physical arrangement of the cells. In this study, we examined the microanatomy of biofilms formed by the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and discovered that clonal cells form striations that are packed lengthwise across most of a mature biofilm's depth. We identified mutants, including those defective in pilus function and in O-antigen attachment, that show alterations to this lengthwise packing phenotype. Consistent with the notion that cellular arrangement affects access to resources within the biofilm, we found that while the wild type shows even distribution of tested substrates across depth, the mutants show accumulation of substrates at the biofilm boundaries. Furthermore, we found that altered cellular arrangement within biofilms affects the localization of metabolic activity, the survival of resident cells, and the susceptibility of subpopulations to antibiotic treatment. Our observations provide insight into cellular features that determine biofilm microanatomy, with consequences for physiological differentiation and drug sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Dayton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Julie Kiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mian Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shradha Chauhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Emily LaMarre
- Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - William Cole Cornell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Chase J. Morgan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anuradha Janakiraman
- Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Raju Tomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexa Price-Whelan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jasmine A. Nirody
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lars E. P. Dietrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Lu L, Wang J, Wang C, Zhu J, Wang H, Liao L, Zhao Y, Wang X, Yang C, He Z, Li M. Plant-derived virulence arresting drugs as novel antimicrobial agents: Discovery, perspective, and challenges in clinical use. Phytother Res 2024; 38:727-754. [PMID: 38014754 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emerges as a severe crisis to public health and requires global action. The occurrence of bacterial pathogens with multi-drug resistance appeals to exploring alternative therapeutic strategies. Antivirulence treatment has been a positive substitute in seeking to circumvent AMR, which aims to target virulence factors directly to combat bacterial infections. Accumulated evidence suggests that plant-derived natural products, which have been utilized to treat infectious diseases for centuries, can be abundant sources for screening potential virulence-arresting drugs (VADs) to develop advanced therapeutics for infectious diseases. This review sums up some virulence factors and their actions in various species of bacteria, as well as recent advances pertaining to plant-derived natural products as VAD candidates. Furthermore, we also discuss natural VAD-related clinical trials and patents, the perspective of VAD-based advanced therapeutics for infectious diseases and critical challenges hampering clinical use of VADs, and genomics-guided identification for VAD therapeutic. These newly discovered natural VADs will be encouraging and optimistic candidates that may sustainably combat AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jingya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chongrui Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hongping Wang
- Safety Evaluation Center, Sichuan Institute for Drug Control (Sichuan Testing Center of Medical Devices), Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Langzhong People's Hospital, Langzhong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyou He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Soontarach R, Srimanote P, Voravuthikunchai SP, Chusri S. Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Efficacy of Endolysin LysAB1245 against a Panel of Important Pathogens. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:155. [PMID: 38399370 PMCID: PMC10893532 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a significant global challenge. This study explores the antibacterial effects of a bacteriophage-derived endolysin, LysAB1245, against important pathogens, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. We determined the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for all tested isolates. A time-kill study was conducted to evaluate the reduction in bacterial survival following treatment with LysAB1245. Additionally, the effects of LysAB1245 on P. aeruginosa K1455 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) NPRC 001R-formed biofilms were investigated. The MIC and MBC of LysAB1245 against all the tested isolates ranged from 4.68 to 9.36 µg/mL and 4.68 to 18.72 µg/mL, respectively. The time-kill study demonstrated more than a 4 log CFU/mL (99.99%) reduction in bacterial survival within 6 h of LysAB1245 treatment at 2MIC. LysAB1245 (1/8-1/2MIC) treatment significantly reduced biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa and MRSA in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the potential inhibition effects on 3-day established biofilms formed on abiotic surfaces upon treatment with LysAB1245 at 2MIC. The findings indicate that endolysin LysAB1245 could be employed as a new alternative therapeutic antibacterial and anti-biofilm agent for combating biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosesathorn Soontarach
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (R.S.); (S.P.V.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Potjanee Srimanote
- Graduate in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand;
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (R.S.); (S.P.V.)
| | - Sarunyou Chusri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Motevasel M, Haghkhah M, Azimzadeh N. Phylogenetic Aspects of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation of P. aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Samples. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2024; 2024:6213873. [PMID: 38249645 PMCID: PMC10799695 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6213873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Biofilm production and drug resistance phenomenon play a critical role in P. aeruginosa infections. Several genes, including psl, pel, brlR, and mex, are involved in the phenomenon. The aim of this study was to find the relationship between the mentioned genes and the sources of P. aeruginosa infections. Materials and Methods Fifty-nine P. aeruginosa isolates detected from clinical specimens were used to determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns, prevalence of the genes using PCR, biofilm formation, biofilm eradication concentration assay (MBEC), and epidemiological characteristics using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results The results showed that 35.6% and 16.94% of all the samples were isolated from urine and wounds, 81.33% of the isolates were biofilm producers, 27.11% were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 100% of the main biofilm former genes belonged to pslA. 94.91% of the isolates possessed brlR and mexA, and 91.5% of them expressed pslA. It was also indicated that neither ciprofloxacin nor imipenem could eradicate the formed biofilms. Moreover, we could identify 81.4% distinctive restriction profiles among the isolates, using an 80% similarity cutoff point; brlR and pel genes were significantly (P=0.032; P=0.044) related to phylogenetic pulsotypes. Comparison of the dendrogram in the isolates revealed that the detected isolates from urine were present in 12 different pulsotypes. Conclusion It was found that there was a relationship between MDR, biofilm production, and brlR and pel genes among the isolates. It is distinguished there were similar genetic patterns between detected isolates from urine and could be concluded that the urinary tract played a critical role in maintaining and transferring biofilm drug-resistant genes of P. aeruginosa in clinical sites. The study highlights the importance of urine in distribution of clinical biofilm formation and drug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Motevasel
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Haghkhah
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azimzadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Tang M, Yang R, Zhuang Z, Han S, Sun Y, Li P, Fan K, Cai Z, Yang Q, Yu Z, Yang L, Li S. Divergent molecular strategies drive evolutionary adaptation to competitive fitness in biofilm formation. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae135. [PMID: 39052320 PMCID: PMC11307329 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm is a group of heterogeneously structured and densely packed bacteria with limited access to nutrients and oxygen. These intrinsic features can allow a mono-species biofilm to diversify into polymorphic subpopulations, determining the overall community's adaptive capability to changing ecological niches. However, the specific biological functions underlying biofilm diversification and fitness adaptation are poorly demonstrated. Here, we launched and monitored the experimental evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, finding that two divergent molecular trajectories were adopted for adaptation to higher competitive fitness in biofilm formation: one involved hijacking bacteriophage superinfection to aggressively inhibit kin competitors, whereas the other induced a subtle change in cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate signaling to gain a positional advantage via enhanced early biofilm adhesion. Bioinformatics analyses implicated that similar evolutionary strategies were prevalent among clinical P. aeruginosa strains, indicative of parallelism between natural and experimental evolution. Divergence in the molecular bases illustrated the adaptive values of genomic plasticity for gaining competitive fitness in biofilm formation. Finally, we demonstrated that these fitness-adaptive mutations reduced bacterial virulence. Our findings revealed how the mutations intrinsically generated from the biofilm environment influence the evolution of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Ruixue Yang
- Community Health Service Center of Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan Medical Group Headquarters, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zilin Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuhong Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yunke Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peiyu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Kewei Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Zhao Cai
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co, Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
- Allergy Prevention and Control Center, Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
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43
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Andrianopoulou A, Sokolowski K, Wenzler E, Bulman ZP, Gemeinhart RA. Assessment of antibiotic release and antibacterial efficacy from pendant glutathione hydrogels using ex vivo porcine skin. J Control Release 2024; 365:936-949. [PMID: 38070603 PMCID: PMC10843833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) confer a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Local antibiotic delivery systems can provide controlled drug release directly to the site of infection to maximize efficacy and minimize systemic toxicity. The purpose of this study was to examine the antibacterial activity of antibiotic-loaded glutathione-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels (GSH-PEG) against ABSSSIs utilizing an ex vivo porcine dermal explant model. Vancomycin- or meropenem-loaded GSH-PEG hydrogels at 3 different dose levels were loaded over 1 h. Drug release was monitored in vitro under submerged conditions, by the Franz cell diffusion method, and ex vivo utilizing a porcine dermis model. Antibacterial activity was assessed ex vivo on porcine dermis explants inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates treated with vancomycin- or meropenem-loaded GSH-PEG hydrogels, respectively. Histological assessment of the explants was conducted to evaluate tissue integrity and viability in the context of the experimental conditions. A dose-dependent release was observed from vancomycin and meropenem hydrogels, with in vitro Franz cell diffusion data closely representing ex vivo vancomycin release, but not high dose meropenem release. High dose vancomycin-loaded hydrogels resulted in a >3 log10 clearance against all S. aureus isolates at 48 h. High dose meropenem-loaded hydrogels achieved 6.5, 4, and 2 log10 reductions in CFU/ml against susceptible, intermediate, and resistant P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. Our findings demonstrate the potential application of GSH-PEG hydrogels for flexible, local antibiotic delivery against bacterial skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karol Sokolowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric Wenzler
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zackery P Bulman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard A Gemeinhart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Chadha J, Khullar L, Gulati P, Chhibber S, Harjai K. Repurposing albendazole as a potent inhibitor of quorum sensing-regulated virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Novel prospects of a classical drug. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106468. [PMID: 38036112 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a critical superbug that poses a serious threat to public health. Owing to its virulence and multidrug resistance profiles, the pathogen demands immediate attention for devising alternate intervention strategies. In an attempt to repurpose drugs against P. aeruginosa, this preclinical study was aimed at investigating the antivirulence prospects of albendazole (AbZ), an FDA-approved anti-helminthic drug, recently predicted to disrupt quorum sensing (QS) in Chromobacterium violaceum. AbZ was scrutinized for its quorum quenching (QQ) prospects, effect on bacterial virulence, different motility phenotypes, and biofilm formation in vitro. Additionally, in silico analysis was employed to predict the molecular interactions between AbZ and QS receptors. At sub-inhibitory levels, AbZ demonstrated anti-QS activity and significantly abrogated AHL biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa. Moreover, AbZ significantly downregulated the transcript levels of QS- (lasI/lasR, rhlI/rhlR, and pqsA/pqsR) and QS-dependent virulence (aprA, lasA, lasB, plcH, and toxA) genes in P. aeruginosa. This coincided with reduced hemolysin, alginate, pyocyanin, rhamnolipids, total protease, and elastase production, thereby lowering phenotypic virulence. Molecular docking with AbZ further revealed strong associations and high binding energies with LasR (-8.8 kcal/mol), RhlR (-6.5 kcal/mol), and PqsR (-6.3 kcal/mol) receptors. AbZ also impeded bacterial motility and abolished EPS production, severely compromising pseudomonal biofilm formation. For the first time, AbZ was shown to interfere with QS circuitry and consequently disarming pseudomonal virulence. Hence, AbZ can be exploited for its antivirulence properties against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lavanya Khullar
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pallavi Gulati
- RLA College, University of Delhi (South Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Chhibber
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Wu Y, Garren MR, Estes Bright LM, Maffe P, Brooks M, Brisbois EJ, Handa H. Enhanced antibacterial efficacy against antibiotic-resistant bacteria via nitric oxide-releasing ampicillin polymer substrates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:1763-1774. [PMID: 37832467 PMCID: PMC10593200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a pressing threat to global health and is a leading cause of healthcare-related morbidity and mortality. Herein, we report the fabrication of medical-grade polymers incorporated with a dual-action S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine-functionalized ampicillin (SNAPicillin) conjugated molecule through a solvent evaporation process. The resulting SNAPicillin-incorporated polymer materials act as broad-spectrum antibacterial surfaces that improve the administration efficacy of conventional antibiotics through the targeted release of both nitric oxide and ampicillin. The polymer surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and static contact angle measurements. The nitric oxide (NO) release profile and diffusion of SNAPicillin from polymers were quantified using a chemiluminescence-based nitric oxide analyzer (NOA) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. As a result, the films had up to 2.96 × 10-7 mol cm-2 of total NO released within 24 hr. In addition, >79 % of the SNAPicillin reservoir was preserved in the polymers after 24 hr of incubation in the physiological environment, indicating their longer-term NO release ability and therapeutic window for antibacterial effects. The SNAPicillin-incorporated polymers reduced the viability of adhered bacteria in culture, with >95 % reduction found against clinically relevant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Furthermore, SNAPicillin-modified surfaces did not elicit a cytotoxic effect toward 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, supporting the material's biocompatibility in vitro. These results indicate that the complementary effects of NO-release and ampicillin in SNAPicillin-eluting polymers can enhance the properties of commonly infected medical device surfaces for antibacterial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Mark R Garren
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Lori M Estes Bright
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Patrick Maffe
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Megan Brooks
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Brisbois
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
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Blanco-Cabra N, Alcàcer-Almansa J, Admella J, Arévalo-Jaimes BV, Torrents E. Nanomedicine against biofilm infections: A roadmap of challenges and limitations. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1944. [PMID: 38403876 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are complex three-dimensional structures where sessile microbes are embedded in a polymeric extracellular matrix. Their resistance toward the host immune system as well as to a diverse range of antimicrobial treatments poses a serious health and development threat, being in the top 10 global public health threats declared by the World Health Organization. In an effort to combat biofilm-related microbial infections, several strategies have been developed to independently eliminate biofilms or to complement conventional antibiotic therapies. However, their limitations leave room for other treatment alternatives, where the application of nanotechnology to biofilm eradication has gained significant relevance in recent years. Their small size, penetration efficiency, and the design flexibility that they present makes them a promising alternative for biofilm infection treatment, although they also present set-backs. This review aims to describe the main possibilities and limitations of nanomedicine against biofilms, while covering the main aspects of biofilm formation and study, and the current therapies for biofilm treatment. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Blanco-Cabra
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Alcàcer-Almansa
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Admella
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Betsy Verónica Arévalo-Jaimes
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Qaralleh H. Chemical Composition and Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Effect of Nepeta curviflora Methanolic Extract against ESBL Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Pharmacopuncture 2023; 26:307-318. [PMID: 38162474 PMCID: PMC10739471 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2023.26.4.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Bacterial biofilm is regarded as a significant threat to the production of safe food and the arise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the quorum sensing inhibitory effect of Nepeta curviflora methanolic extract. Methods The effectiveness of the leaves at sub-inhibitory concentrations of 2.5, 1.25, and 0.6 mg/mL on the virulence factors and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa was evaluated. The effect of N. curviflora methanolic extract on the virulence factors of P. aeruginosa, including pyocyanin, rhamnolipid, protease, and chitinase, was evaluated. Other tests including the crystal violet assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swarming motility, aggregation ability, hydrophobicity and exopolysaccharide production were conducted to assess the effect of the extract on the formation of biofilm. Insight into the mode of anti-quorum sensing action was evaluated by examining the effect of the extract on the activity of N-Acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) and the expression of pslA and pelA genes. Results The results showed a significant attenuation in the production of pyocyanin and rhamnolipid and in the activities of protease and chitinase enzymes at 2.5 and 1.25 mg/mL. In addition, N. curviflora methanolic extract significantly inhibited the formation of P. aeruginosa biofilm by decreasing aggregation, hydrophobicity, and swarming motility as well as the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS). A significant reduction in AHL secretion and pslA gene expression was observed, indicating that the extract inhibited quorum sensing by disrupting the quorum-sensing systems. The quorum-sensing inhibitory effect of N. curviflora extract appears to be attributed to the presence of kaempferol, quercetin, salicylic acid, rutin, and rosmarinic acid, as indicated by LCMS analysis. Conclusion The results of the present study provide insight into the potential of developing anti-quorum sensing agents using the extract and the identified compounds to treat infections resulting from quorum sensing-mediated bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Qaralleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Mutah University, Mutah, Karak, Jordan
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Neff SL, Hampton TH, Koeppen K, Sarkar S, Latario CJ, Ross BD, Stanton BA. Rocket-miR, a translational launchpad for miRNA-based antimicrobial drug development. mSystems 2023; 8:e0065323. [PMID: 37975659 PMCID: PMC10734502 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00653-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial-resistant infections contribute to millions of deaths worldwide every year. In particular, the group of bacteria collectively known as ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp.) pathogens are of considerable medical concern due to their virulence and exceptional ability to develop antibiotic resistance. New kinds of antimicrobial therapies are urgently needed to treat patients for whom existing antibiotics are ineffective. The Rocket-miR application predicts targets of human miRNAs in bacterial and fungal pathogens, rapidly identifying candidate miRNA-based antimicrobials. The application's target audience are microbiologists that have the laboratory resources to test the application's predictions. The Rocket-miR application currently supports 24 recognized human pathogens that are relevant to numerous diseases including cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), urinary tract infections, and pneumonia. Furthermore, the application code was designed to be easily extendible to other human pathogens that commonly cause hospital-acquired infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L. Neff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Thomas H. Hampton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Katja Koeppen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Sharanya Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Casey J. Latario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Bruce A. Stanton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Coenye T. Biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility testing: where are we and where could we be going? Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0002423. [PMID: 37812003 PMCID: PMC10732061 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00024-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge about the fundamental aspects of biofilm biology, including the mechanisms behind the reduced antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilms, has increased drastically over the last decades. However, this knowledge has so far not been translated into major changes in clinical practice. While the biofilm concept is increasingly on the radar of clinical microbiologists, physicians, and healthcare professionals in general, the standardized tools to study biofilms in the clinical microbiology laboratory are still lacking; one area in which this is particularly obvious is that of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). It is generally accepted that the biofilm lifestyle has a tremendous impact on antibiotic susceptibility, yet AST is typically still carried out with planktonic cells. On top of that, the microenvironment at the site of infection is an important driver for microbial physiology and hence susceptibility; but this is poorly reflected in current AST methods. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the state of the art concerning biofilm AST and highlight the knowledge gaps in this area. Subsequently, potential ways to improve biofilm-based AST will be discussed. Finally, bottlenecks currently preventing the use of biofilm AST in clinical practice, as well as the steps needed to get past these bottlenecks, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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50
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Karimzadeh Barenji E, Beglari S, Tahghighi A, Azerang P, Rohani M. Evaluation of Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Native Probiotic Strains of Lactobacillus Extracts. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2023; 28:102-12. [PMID: 38850020 PMCID: PMC11186614 DOI: 10.61186/ibj.4043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Lactic acid bacteria produce various beneficial metabolites, including antimicrobial agents. Owing to the fast-rising antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microbes, scientists are exploring antimicrobials beyond antibiotics. In this study, we examined four Lactobacillus strains, namely L. plantarum 42, L. brevis 205, L. rhamnosus 239, and L. delbrueckii 263, isolated from healthy human microbiota, to evaluate their antibacterial and antifungal activity. Methods Lactobacillus strains were cultivated, and the conditioned media were obtained. The supernatant was then used to treat pathogenic bacteria and applied to the growth media containing fungal and bacterial strains. Additionally, the supernatant was separated to achieve the organic and aqueous phases. The two phases were then examined in terms of bacterial and fungal growth rates. Disk diffusion and MIC tests were conducted to determine strains with the most growth inhibition potential. Finally, the potent strains identified through the MIC test were tested on the pathogenic microorganisms to assess their effects on the formation of pathogenic biofilms. Results The organic phase of L. rhamnosus 239 extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial and antibiofilm effects, while that of L. brevis 205 demonstrated the most effective antifungal impact, with a MIC of 125 µg/mL against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Conclusion This study confirms the significant antimicrobial impacts of the lactic acid bacteria strains on pathogenic bacteria and fungi; hence, they could serve as a reliable alternative to antibiotics for a safe and natural protection against pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Karimzadeh Barenji
- Department of Biology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokufeh Beglari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azar Tahghighi
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Azerang
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rohani
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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