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Nair VD, Pincas H, Smith GR, Zaslavsky E, Ge Y, Amper MAS, Vasoya M, Chikina M, Sun Y, Raja AN, Mao W, Gay NR, Esser KA, Smith KS, Zhao B, Wiel L, Singh A, Lindholm ME, Amar D, Montgomery S, Snyder MP, Walsh MJ, Sealfon SC. Molecular adaptations in response to exercise training are associated with tissue-specific transcriptomic and epigenomic signatures. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100421. [PMID: 38697122 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Regular exercise has many physical and brain health benefits, yet the molecular mechanisms mediating exercise effects across tissues remain poorly understood. Here we analyzed 400 high-quality DNA methylation, ATAC-seq, and RNA-seq datasets from eight tissues from control and endurance exercise-trained (EET) rats. Integration of baseline datasets mapped the gene location dependence of epigenetic control features and identified differing regulatory landscapes in each tissue. The transcriptional responses to 8 weeks of EET showed little overlap across tissues and predominantly comprised tissue-type enriched genes. We identified sex differences in the transcriptomic and epigenomic changes induced by EET. However, the sex-biased gene responses were linked to shared signaling pathways. We found that many G protein-coupled receptor-encoding genes are regulated by EET, suggesting a role for these receptors in mediating the molecular adaptations to training across tissues. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying EET-induced health benefits across organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopalan D Nair
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Hanna Pincas
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gregory R Smith
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mary Anne S Amper
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mital Vasoya
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Weiguang Mao
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicole R Gay
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kevin S Smith
- Departments of Pathology and Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bingqing Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laurens Wiel
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aditya Singh
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Malene E Lindholm
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Amar
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen Montgomery
- Departments of Pathology and Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin J Walsh
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Stuart C Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Riyahi J, Taslimi Z, Gelfo F, Petrosini L, Haghparast A. Trans-generational effects of parental exposure to drugs of abuse on offspring memory functions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 160:105644. [PMID: 38548003 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence reported that parental-derived phenotypes can be passed on to the next generations. Within the inheritance of epigenetic characteristics allowing the transmission of information related to the ancestral environment to the offspring, the specific case of the trans-generational effects of parental drug addiction has been extensively studied. Drug addiction is a chronic disorder resulting from complex interactions among environmental, genetic, and drug-related factors. Repeated exposures to drugs induce epigenetic changes in the reward circuitry that in turn mediate enduring changes in brain function. Addictive drugs can exert their effects trans-generally and influence the offspring of addicted parents. Although there is growing evidence that shows a wide range of behavioral, physiological, and molecular phenotypes in inter-, multi-, and trans-generational studies, transmitted phenotypes often vary widely even within similar protocols. Given the breadth of literature findings, in the present review, we restricted our investigation to learning and memory performances, as examples of the offspring's complex behavioral outcomes following parental exposure to drugs of abuse, including morphine, cocaine, cannabinoids, nicotine, heroin, and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Riyahi
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Taslimi
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Burenkova OV, Grigorenko EL. The role of epigenetic mechanisms in the long-term effects of early-life adversity and mother-infant relationship on physiology and behavior of offspring in laboratory rats and mice. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22479. [PMID: 38470450 PMCID: PMC10959231 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Maternal care during the early postnatal period of altricial mammals is a key factor in the survival and adaptation of offspring to environmental conditions. Natural variations in maternal care and experimental manipulations with maternal-child relationships modeling early-life adversity (ELA) in laboratory rats and mice have a strong long-term influence on the physiology and behavior of offspring in rats and mice. This literature review is devoted to the latest research on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in these effects of ELA and mother-infant relationship, with a focus on the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. An important part of this review is dedicated to pharmacological interventions and epigenetic editing as tools for studying the causal role of epigenetic mechanisms in the development of physiological and behavioral profiles. A special section of the manuscript will discuss the translational potential of the discussed research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Burenkova
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena L. Grigorenko
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cognitive Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Research Administration, Moscow State University for Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
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Ell MA, Schiele MA, Iovino N, Domschke K. Epigenetics of Fear, Anxiety and Stress - Focus on Histone Modifications. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:843-865. [PMID: 36946487 PMCID: PMC10845084 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230322154158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear-, anxiety- and stress-related disorders are among the most frequent mental disorders. Given substantial rates of insufficient treatment response and often a chronic course, a better understanding of the pathomechanisms of fear-, anxiety- and stress-related disorders is urgently warranted. Epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications - positioned at the interface between the biological and the environmental level in the complex pathogenesis of mental disorders - might be highly informative in this context. The current state of knowledge on histone modifications, chromatin-related pharmacology and animal models modified for genes involved in the histone-related epigenetic machinery will be reviewed with respect to fear-, anxiety- and stress-related states. Relevant studies, published until 30th June 2022, were identified using a multi-step systematic literature search of the Pub- Med and Web of Science databases. Animal studies point towards histone modifications (e.g., H3K4me3, H3K9me1/2/3, H3K27me2/3, H3K9ac, H3K14ac and H4K5ac) to be dynamically and mostly brain region-, task- and time-dependently altered on a genome-wide level or gene-specifically (e.g., Bdnf) in models of fear conditioning, retrieval and extinction, acute and (sub-)chronic stress. Singular and underpowered studies on histone modifications in human fear-, anxiety- or stress-related phenotypes are currently restricted to the phenotype of PTSD. Provided consistent validation in human phenotypes, epigenetic biomarkers might ultimately inform indicated preventive interventions as well as personalized treatment approaches, and could inspire future innovative pharmacological treatment options targeting the epigenetic machinery improving treatment response in fear-, anxiety- and stressrelated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Ell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam A. Schiele
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Iovino
- Department of Chromation Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Bolouki A, Rahimi M, Azarpira N, Baghban F. Integrated multi-omics analysis identifies epigenetic alteration related to neurodegeneration development in post-traumatic stress disorder patients. Psychiatr Genet 2023; 33:167-181. [PMID: 37222234 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is associated with an elevated risk of neurodegenerative disorders, but the molecular mechanism was not wholly identified. Aberrant methylation status and miRNA expression pattern have been identified to be associated with PTSD, but their complex regulatory networks remain largely unexplored. METHODS The purpose of this study was to identify the key genes/pathways related to neurodegenerative disorder development in PTSD by evaluating epigenetic regulatory signature (DNA methylation and miRNA) using an integrative bioinformatic analysis. We integrated DNA expression array data with miRNA and DNA methylation array data - obtained from the GEO database- to evaluate the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS Our results indicated that target genes of dysregulated miRNAs were significantly related to several neurodegenerative diseases. Several dysregulated genes in the neurodegeneration pathways interacted with some members of the miR-17 and miR-15/107 families. Our analysis indicated that APP/CaN/NFATs signaling pathway was dysregulated in the peripheral blood samples of PTSD. Besides, the DNMT3a and KMT2D genes, as the encoding DNA and histone methyltransferase enzymes, were upregulated, and DNA methylation and miRNA regulators were proposed as critical molecular mechanisms. Our study found dysregulation of circadian rhythm as the CLOCK gene was upregulated and hypomethylated at TSS1500 CpGs S_shores and was also a target of several dysregulated miRNAs. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we found evidence of a negative feedback loop between stress oxidative, circadian rhythm dysregulation, miR-17 and miR-15/107 families, some essential genes involved in neuronal and brain cell health, and KMT2D/DNMT3a in the peripheral blood samples of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeh Bolouki
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Mohammad Rasul Allah Research Tower, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- University of Namur, Department of Biology, Research Unit on Cellular Biology (URBC), Namur, Belgium
| | - Moosa Rahimi
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Mohammad Rasul Allah Research Tower, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Mohammad Rasul Allah Research Tower, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Baghban
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Mohammad Rasul Allah Research Tower, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Norollahi SE, Vahidi S, Shams S, Keymoradzdeh A, Soleymanpour A, Solymanmanesh N, Mirzajani E, Jamkhaneh VB, Samadani AA. Analytical and therapeutic profiles of DNA methylation alterations in cancer; an overview of changes in chromatin arrangement and alterations in histone surfaces. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2023; 44:337-356. [PMID: 36799246 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is the most important epigenetic element that activates the inhibition of gene transcription and is included in the pathogenesis of all types of malignancies. Remarkably, the effectors of DNA methylation are DNMTs (DNA methyltransferases) that catalyze de novo or keep methylation of hemimethylated DNA after the DNA replication process. DNA methylation structures in cancer are altered, with three procedures by which DNA methylation helps cancer development which are including direct mutagenesis, hypomethylation of the cancer genome, and also focal hypermethylation of the promoters of TSGs (tumor suppressor genes). Conspicuously, DNA methylation, nucleosome remodeling, RNA-mediated targeting, and histone modification balance modulate many biological activities that are essential and indispensable to the genesis of cancer and also can impact many epigenetic changes including DNA methylation and histone modifications as well as adjusting of non-coding miRNAs expression in prevention and treatment of many cancers. Epigenetics points to heritable modifications in gene expression that do not comprise alterations in the DNA sequence. The nucleosome is the basic unit of chromatin, consisting of 147 base pairs (bp) of DNA bound around a histone octamer comprised of one H3/H4 tetramer and two H2A/H2B dimers. DNA methylation is preferentially distributed over nucleosome regions and is less increased over flanking nucleosome-depleted DNA, implying a connection between nucleosome positioning and DNA methylation. In carcinogenesis, aberrations in the epigenome may also include in the progression of drug resistance. In this report, we report the rudimentary notes behind these epigenetic signaling pathways and emphasize the proofs recommending that their misregulation can conclude in cancer. These findings in conjunction with the promising preclinical and clinical consequences observed with epigenetic drugs against chromatin regulators, confirm the important role of epigenetics in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Elham Norollahi
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shima Shams
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arman Keymoradzdeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Soleymanpour
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nazanin Solymanmanesh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mirzajani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Vida Baloui Jamkhaneh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Babol Branch, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Zhgun AA. Fungal BGCs for Production of Secondary Metabolites: Main Types, Central Roles in Strain Improvement, and Regulation According to the Piano Principle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11184. [PMID: 37446362 PMCID: PMC10342363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are one of the most important producers of secondary metabolites. Some of them can have a toxic effect on the human body, leading to diseases. On the other hand, they are widely used as pharmaceutically significant drugs, such as antibiotics, statins, and immunosuppressants. A single fungus species in response to various signals can produce 100 or more secondary metabolites. Such signaling is possible due to the coordinated regulation of several dozen biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), which are mosaically localized in different regions of fungal chromosomes. Their regulation includes several levels, from pathway-specific regulators, whose genes are localized inside BGCs, to global regulators of the cell (taking into account changes in pH, carbon consumption, etc.) and global regulators of secondary metabolism (affecting epigenetic changes driven by velvet family proteins, LaeA, etc.). In addition, various low-molecular-weight substances can have a mediating effect on such regulatory processes. This review is devoted to a critical analysis of the available data on the "turning on" and "off" of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in response to signals in filamentous fungi. To describe the ongoing processes, the model of "piano regulation" is proposed, whereby pressing a certain key (signal) leads to the extraction of a certain sound from the "musical instrument of the fungus cell", which is expressed in the production of a specific secondary metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Zhgun
- Group of Fungal Genetic Engineering, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 33-2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Felipe Souza E Silva L, Siena Dos Santos A, Mayumi Yuzawa J, Luiz de Barros Torresi J, Ziroldo A, Rosado Rosenstock T. SIRTUINS MODULATORS COUNTERACT MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN CELLULAR MODELS OF HYPOXIA: RELEVANCE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00200-2. [PMID: 37169164 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a neurodevelopmental-associated disorder strongly related to environmental factors, such as hypoxia. Because there is no cure for SZ or any pharmacological approach that could revert hypoxia-induced cellular damages, we evaluated whether modulators of sirtuins could abrogate hypoxia-induced mitochondrial deregulation as a neuroprotective strategy. Firstly, astrocytes from control (Wistar) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR), a model of both SZ and neonatal hypoxia, were submitted to chemical hypoxia. Then, cells were exposed to different concentrations of Nicotinamide (NAM), Resveratrol (Resv), and Sirtinol (Sir) for 48hrs. Our data indicate that sirtuins modulation reduces cell death increasing the acetylation of histone 3. This outcome is related to the rescue of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, changes in mitochondrial calcium buffering capacity, decreased O2-• levels and increased expression of metabolic regulators (Nrf-1 and Nfe2l2) and mitochondrial content. Such findings are relevant not only for hypoxia-associated conditions, named pre-eclampsia but also for SZ since prenatal hypoxia is a relevant environmental factor related to this burdensome neuropsychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe Souza E Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Siena Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Mayumi Yuzawa
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alan Ziroldo
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rosado Rosenstock
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Dept. of Bioscience, In-vitro Neuroscience, Sygnature Discovery, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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Bure IV, Nemtsova MV. Mutual Regulation of ncRNAs and Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Normal and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097848. [PMID: 37175555 PMCID: PMC10178202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling is the one of the main epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression regulation both in normal cells and in pathological conditions. In recent years, a growing number of investigations have confirmed that epigenetic regulators are tightly connected and form a comprehensive network of regulatory pathways and feedback loops. Genes encoding protein subunits of chromatin remodeling complexes are often mutated and change their expression in diseases, as well as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Moreover, different mechanisms of their mutual regulation have already been described. Further understanding of these processes may help apply their clinical potential for establishment of the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the diseases. The therapeutic targeting of the chromatin structure has many limitations because of the complexity of its regulation, with the involvement of a large number of genes, proteins, non-coding transcripts, and other intermediary molecules. However, several successful strategies have been proposed to target subunits of chromatin remodeling complexes and genes encoding them, as well as the ncRNAs that regulate the operation of these complexes and direct them to the target gene regions. In our review, we focus on chromatin remodeling complexes and ncRNAs, their mutual regulation, role in cellular processes and potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Bure
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Nemtsova
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia
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Bekdash RA. Methyl Donors, Epigenetic Alterations, and Brain Health: Understanding the Connection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032346. [PMID: 36768667 PMCID: PMC9917111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl donors such as choline, betaine, folic acid, methionine, and vitamins B6 and B12 are critical players in the one-carbon metabolism and have neuroprotective functions. The one-carbon metabolism comprises a series of interconnected chemical pathways that are important for normal cellular functions. Among these pathways are those of the methionine and folate cycles, which contribute to the formation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). SAM is the universal methyl donor of methylation reactions such as histone and DNA methylation, two epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression and play roles in human health and disease. Epigenetic mechanisms have been considered a bridge between the effects of environmental factors, such as nutrition, and phenotype. Studies in human and animal models have indicated the importance of the optimal levels of methyl donors on brain health and behavior across the lifespan. Imbalances in the levels of these micronutrients during critical periods of brain development have been linked to epigenetic alterations in the expression of genes that regulate normal brain function. We present studies that support the link between imbalances in the levels of methyl donors, epigenetic alterations, and stress-related disorders. Appropriate levels of these micronutrients should then be monitored at all stages of development for a healthier brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola A Bekdash
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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11
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Murphy MD, Heller EA. Convergent actions of stress and stimulants via epigenetic regulation of neural circuitry. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:955-967. [PMID: 36280459 PMCID: PMC9671852 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The dorsal striatum integrates prior and current information to guide appropriate decision-making. Chronic stress and stimulant exposure interferes with decision-making, and can confer similar cognitive and behavioral inflexibilities. This review examines the literature on acute and chronic regulation of the epigenome by stress and stimulants. Recent evidence suggests that exposures to stress and stimulants share similarities in the manners in which they regulate the dorsal striatum epigenome through DNA methylation, transposable element activity, and histone post-translational modifications. These findings suggest that chronic stress and stimulant exposure leads to the accumulation of epigenetic modifications that impair immediate and future neuron function and activity. Such epigenetic mechanisms represent potential therapeutic targets for ameliorating convergent symptoms of stress and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Murphy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Heller
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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12
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Amasi-Hartoonian N, Pariante CM, Cattaneo A, Sforzini L. Understanding treatment-resistant depression using "omics" techniques: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:423-455. [PMID: 36103934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) results in huge healthcare costs and poor patient clinical outcomes. Most studies have adopted a "candidate mechanism" approach to investigate TRD pathogenesis, however this is made more challenging due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of this condition. High-throughput "omics" technologies can provide a more holistic view and further insight into the underlying mechanisms involved in TRD development, expanding knowledge beyond already-identified mechanisms. This systematic review assessed the information from studies that examined TRD using hypothesis-free omics techniques. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched on July 2022. 37 human studies met the eligibility criteria, totalling 17,518 TRD patients, 571,402 healthy controls and 62,279 non-TRD depressed patients (including antidepressant responders and untreated MDD patients). RESULTS Significant findings were reported that implicate the role in TRD of various molecules, including polymorphisms, genes, mRNAs and microRNAs. The pathways most commonly reported by the identified studies were involved in immune system and inflammation, neuroplasticity, calcium signalling and neurotransmitters. LIMITATIONS Small sample sizes, variability in defining TRD, and heterogeneity in study design and methodology. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide insight into TRD pathophysiology, proposing future research directions for novel drug targets and potential biomarkers for clinical staging and response to antidepressants (citalopram/escitalopram in particular) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Further validation is warranted in large prospective studies using standardised TRD criteria. A multi-omics and systems biology strategy with a collaborative effort will likely deliver robust findings for translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nare Amasi-Hartoonian
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Carmine Maria Pariante
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Sforzini
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
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13
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Bekkhus M, Lee Y, Samuelsen SO, Tsotsi S, Magnus P. Maternal and paternal anxiety during pregnancy: Comparing the effects on behavioral problems in offspring. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275085. [PMID: 36190962 PMCID: PMC9529082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal maternal anxiety has been associated with both short and long-term mental health problems in the child. The current study aims to examine the association between maternal and paternal prenatal anxiety and behaviour problems in the child at 1.5 and 5 years, using three different approaches; (1) adjusting for covariates, (2) using fathers' anxiety during pregnancy as a negative control, and (3) using a sibling-comparison design, controlling for unmeasured family factors. We used data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) is used. MoBa is a cohort consisting of about 114 000 pregnancies (about 34000 siblings) recruited from 1999 to 2008. Self-reported measures on maternal anxiety were obtained twice in pregnancy and 6 months after birth, while paternal anxiety was reported prenatally at 17th weeks of gestation. Maternal reports on child behaviour problems were obtained at 1.5 and 5 years of age. Results suggests that prenatal exposure to maternal anxiety was associated with behaviour problems at 1.5 years: adjusted beta (β) = 0.13 (CI = 0.12, 0.15), and at 5 years: β = 0.11 (CI = 0.09, 0.14). However, paternal anxiety was also associated with behaviour problems at 1.5 years: β = 0.03 (CI = 0.01-0.03) and at 5 years β = 0.03 (CI = 0.02, 0.03). These associations were attenuated in the sibling comparison analyses: β = -0.02 (CI = -0.02-0.05) at 1.5 years and β = -0.05 (CI = -0.10, 0.02) at 5 years. In conclusions, the sibling analyses are not consistent with a direct effect of prenatal maternal anxiety on child behaviour problems. It is more likely that genetic or shared family environment explain this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Bekkhus
- Promenta Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Yunsung Lee
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sven Ove Samuelsen
- Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Health and Aging, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stella Tsotsi
- Promenta Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Riyahi J, Abdoli B, Gelfo F, Petrosini L, Khatami L, Meftahi GH, Haghparast A. Multigenerational effects of paternal spatial training are lasting in the F1 and F2 male offspring. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:342-354. [PMID: 35502983 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on intergenerational transmission of learning and memory performances demonstrated that parental spatial training before fertilization could facilitate learning and memory in the offspring, but many questions remain unclarified. Essential issues regarding whether and how long the effects of parental training in a task can last in several generations, and whether learning a task repeated in the successive generations can enhance a load of multigenerational effects. In the present study, the spatial performances of F1 and F2 generations of male offspring of fathers or grandfathers spatially trained in the Morris Water Maze were evaluated and compared with the performance of a control sample matched for age and sex. Further, to investigate the memory process in F1 and F2 male offspring, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), p-ERK1/2 and acetylated histone 3 lysine 14 (H3K14) expression levels in the hippocampus were analyzed. The findings showed that paternal training reduced escape latencies and increased time spent in the target quadrant by F1 and F2 male offspring. Besides, paternal spatial training repeated in two generations did not enhance the beneficial effects on offspring's spatial performances. These findings were supported by neurobiologic data showing that paternal training increased BDNF and p-ERK1/2 in the hippocampus of F1 and F2 male offspring. Furthermore, the hippocampal level of acetylated H3K14 increased in the offspring of spatially trained fathers, reinforcing the hypothesis that the augmented histone acetylation might play an essential role in the inheritance of spatial competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Riyahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
| | - Behrouz Abdoli
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Leila Khatami
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Panisi C, Marini M. Dynamic and Systemic Perspective in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Change of Gaze in Research Opens to A New Landscape of Needs and Solutions. Brain Sci 2022; 12:250. [PMID: 35204013 PMCID: PMC8870276 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step for a harmonious bio-psycho-social framework in approaching autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is overcoming the conflict between the biological and the psychosocial perspective. Biological research can provide clues for a correct approach to clinical practice, assuming that it would lead to the conceptualization of a pathogenetic paradigm able to account for epidemiologic and clinical findings. The upward trajectory in ASD prevalence and the systemic involvement of other organs besides the brain suggest that the epigenetic paradigm is the most plausible one. The embryo-fetal period is the crucial window of opportunity for keeping neurodevelopment on the right tracks, suggesting that women's health in pregnancy should be a priority. Maladaptive molecular pathways beginning in utero, in particular, a vicious circle between the immune response, oxidative stress/mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysbiosis-impact neurodevelopment and brain functioning across the lifespan and are the basis for progressive multisystemic disorders that account for the substantial health loss and the increased mortality in ASD. Therefore, the biological complexity of ASD and its implications for health requires the enhancement of clinical skills on these topics, to achieve an effective multi-disciplinary healthcare model. Well-balanced training courses could be a promising starting point to make a change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panisi
- Fondazione Istituto Sacra Famiglia ONLUS, Cesano Boscone, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Marini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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16
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Cao M, Wang L, Xu D, Bi X, Guo S, Xu Z, Chen L, Zheng D, Li P, Xu J, Zheng S, Wang H, Wang B, Lu J, Li K. The synergistic interaction landscape of chromatin regulators reveals their epigenetic regulation mechanisms across five cancer cell lines. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5028-5039. [PMID: 36187922 PMCID: PMC9483781 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Bekkhus M, Lee Y, Brandlistuen RE, Samuelsen SO, Magnus P. Maternal Anxiety and Infants Birthweight and Length of Gestation. A sibling design. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:609. [PMID: 34876072 PMCID: PMC8650251 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overall aim of this study is to examine the effect of prenatal maternal anxiety on birthweight and gestational age, controlling for shared family confounding using a sibling comparison design. METHODS The data on 77,970 mothers and their 91,165 children from the population-based Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study and data on 12,480 pairs of siblings were used in this study. The mothers filled out questionnaires for each unique pregnancy, at 17th and 30th week in pregnancy. Gestational age and birth weight was extracted from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). Associations between prenatal maternal anxiety (measured across the 17th and 30th weeks) and birth outcomes (birthweight and gestational age) were examined using linear regression with adjustment for shared-family confounding in a sibling comparison design. RESULTS In the population level analysis the maternal anxiety score during pregnancy was inversely associated with new-born's birthweight (Beta = -63.8 95% CI: -92.6, -35.0) and gestational age (Beta = -1.52, 95% CI: -2.15, -0.89) after adjustment for several covariates. The association of the maternal anxiety score with birthweight was no longer significant, but remained for maternal anxiety at 30th week with gestational age (Beta = -1.11, 95% CI: -1.82, -0.4) after further adjusting for the shared-family confounding in the sibling comparison design. CONCLUSION No association was found for maternal prenatal anxiety with birth weight after multiple covariates and family environment were controlled. However, there was an association between prenatal maternal anxiety at 30th week only with gestational age, suggesting a timing effect for maternal anxiety in third trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Bekkhus
- Promenta Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, PB 1094 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Yunsung Lee
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway ,grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Eek Brandlistuen
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sven Ove Samuelsen
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Riyahi J, Abdoli B, Gelfo F, Petrosini L, Rezaei R, Haghparast A. Maternal spatial training before fertilization improves the spatial learning process in female offspring. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1106-1112. [PMID: 34284449 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent results of our team showed that parental spatial training before fertilization improves the offspring's spatial memory. However, the process of spatial learning (short-term/working and long-term memories, mnesic consolidation and procedures) in the offspring has not been fully clarified yet. Therefore, this study aimed at specifically analyzing whether maternal learning of a spatial task before fertilization can impact on the process of spatial learning in the female offspring. In the present study, 8-week-old female Wistar rats that had been spatially trained (or not) in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) were mated with conspecific standard-reared male rats, and their 4-week-old female offspring were spatially tested in the same MWM to evaluate their learning and memory processes. Results showed that the female offspring of trained mothers significantly displayed lower escape latencies, higher swimming speed, shorter total distance swum, longer percentage of time spent in the target quadrant and better localization memory in comparison to the female offspring of not trained mothers. Further, MWM performances of mothers trained and their female offspring significantly correlated. These findings indicate that the maternal spatial training before fertilization improves the spatial learning and memory consolidation process of the female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Riyahi
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Abdoli
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation
| | - Rasoul Rezaei
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Bara A, Ferland JMN, Rompala G, Szutorisz H, Hurd YL. Cannabis and synaptic reprogramming of the developing brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:423-438. [PMID: 34021274 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have been transformational in regard to the perception of the health risks and benefits of cannabis with increased acceptance of use. This has unintended neurodevelopmental implications given the increased use of cannabis and the potent levels of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol today being consumed by pregnant women, young mothers and teens. In this Review, we provide an overview of the neurobiological effects of cannabinoid exposure during prenatal/perinatal and adolescent periods, in which the endogenous cannabinoid system plays a fundamental role in neurodevelopmental processes. We highlight impaired synaptic plasticity as characteristic of developmental exposure and the important contribution of epigenetic reprogramming that maintains the long-term impact into adulthood and across generations. Such epigenetic influence by its very nature being highly responsive to the environment also provides the potential to diminish neural perturbations associated with developmental cannabis exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Bara
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline-Marie N Ferland
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Rompala
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Henrietta Szutorisz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin L Hurd
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, NY, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, NY, USA. .,Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, NY, USA. .,Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
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20
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Lizárraga D, García-Gasca A. The Placenta as a Target of Epigenetic Alterations in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Potential Implications for the Offspring. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:epigenomes5020013. [PMID: 34968300 PMCID: PMC8594713 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication first detected in the second or third trimester in women that did not show evident glucose intolerance or diabetes before gestation. In 2019, the International Diabetes Federation reported that 15.8% of live births were affected by hyperglycemia during pregnancy, of which 83.6% were due to gestational diabetes mellitus, 8.5% were due to diabetes first detected in pregnancy, and 7.9% were due to diabetes detected before pregnancy. GDM increases the susceptibility to developing chronic diseases for both the mother and the baby later in life. Under GDM conditions, the intrauterine environment becomes hyperglycemic, while also showing high concentrations of fatty acids and proinflammatory cytokines, producing morphological, structural, and molecular modifications in the placenta, affecting its function; these alterations may predispose the baby to disease in adult life. Molecular alterations include epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA and RNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). The placenta is a unique organ that originates only in pregnancy, and its main function is communication between the mother and the fetus, ensuring healthy development. Thus, this review provides up-to-date information regarding two of the best-documented (epigenetic) mechanisms (DNA methylation and miRNA expression) altered in the human placenta under GDM conditions, as well as potential implications for the offspring.
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21
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Cabej NR. A mechanism of inheritance of acquired traits in animals. Dev Biol 2021; 475:106-117. [PMID: 33741349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Observational and experimental evidence for the inheritance of acquired traits in animals is slowly, but steadily accumulating. The onset and transmission of acquired traits implies the acquisition and transmission from parents to progeny of new information, which is different from the genetic information contained in DNA. The new non-genetic information most commonly is passed on from parents to the offspring via gamete(s), but how it is precisely transmitted to the successive generations is still unknown. Based on adequate empirical evidence presented herein, a hypothesis is proposed of the inheritance of acquired traits in animals and the flow of the relevant parental information to the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson R Cabej
- University of Tirana Faculty of Medicine, Universiteti i Mjekesise Tirane, Department of Biology, 147 Manhattan Terrace, Dumont, 07628, USA.
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22
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Abstract
While asthma has a strong genetic component, our current ability to systematically understand and predict asthma risk remains low, despite over a hundred genetic associations. The reasons for this unfilled gap range from technical limitations of current approaches to fundamental deficiencies in the way we understand asthma. These are discussed in the context of genomic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Bansal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mayank Garg
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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23
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Panisi C, Guerini FR, Abruzzo PM, Balzola F, Biava PM, Bolotta A, Brunero M, Burgio E, Chiara A, Clerici M, Croce L, Ferreri C, Giovannini N, Ghezzo A, Grossi E, Keller R, Manzotti A, Marini M, Migliore L, Moderato L, Moscone D, Mussap M, Parmeggiani A, Pasin V, Perotti M, Piras C, Saresella M, Stoccoro A, Toso T, Vacca RA, Vagni D, Vendemmia S, Villa L, Politi P, Fanos V. Autism Spectrum Disorder from the Womb to Adulthood: Suggestions for a Paradigm Shift. J Pers Med 2021; 11:70. [PMID: 33504019 PMCID: PMC7912683 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The wide spectrum of unique needs and strengths of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a challenge for the worldwide healthcare system. With the plethora of information from research, a common thread is required to conceptualize an exhaustive pathogenetic paradigm. The epidemiological and clinical findings in ASD cannot be explained by the traditional linear genetic model, hence the need to move towards a more fluid conception, integrating genetics, environment, and epigenetics as a whole. The embryo-fetal period and the first two years of life (the so-called 'First 1000 Days') are the crucial time window for neurodevelopment. In particular, the interplay and the vicious loop between immune activation, gut dysbiosis, and mitochondrial impairment/oxidative stress significantly affects neurodevelopment during pregnancy and undermines the health of ASD people throughout life. Consequently, the most effective intervention in ASD is expected by primary prevention aimed at pregnancy and at early control of the main effector molecular pathways. We will reason here on a comprehensive and exhaustive pathogenetic paradigm in ASD, viewed not just as a theoretical issue, but as a tool to provide suggestions for effective preventive strategies and personalized, dynamic (from womb to adulthood), systemic, and interdisciplinary healthcare approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panisi
- Fondazione Istituto Sacra Famiglia ONLUS, Cesano Boscone, 20090 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Franca Rosa Guerini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Federico Balzola
- Division of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Pier Mario Biava
- Scientific Institute of Research and Care Multimedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Bolotta
- DIMES, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (P.M.A.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Marco Brunero
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Ernesto Burgio
- ECERI—European Cancer and Environment Research Institute, Square de Meeus 38-40, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium;
| | - Alberto Chiara
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile ASST, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Croce
- Centro Domino per l’Autismo, Universita’ Cattolica Brescia, 20139 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carla Ferreri
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Niccolò Giovannini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Ghezzo
- DIMES, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (P.M.A.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Autism Research Unit, Villa Santa Maria Foundation, 22038 Tavernerio, Italy;
| | - Roberto Keller
- Adult Autism Centre DSM ASL Città di Torino, 10138 Turin, Italy;
| | - Andrea Manzotti
- RAISE Lab, Foundation COME Collaboration, 65121 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Marina Marini
- DIMES, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (P.M.A.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Lucia Migliore
- Medical Genetics Laboratories, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Lucio Moderato
- Fondazione Istituto Sacra Famiglia ONLUS, Cesano Boscone, 20090 Milan, Italy;
| | - Davide Moscone
- Associazione Spazio Asperger ONLUS, Centro Clinico CuoreMenteLab, 00141 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michele Mussap
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Antonia Parmeggiani
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS ISNB, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Valentina Pasin
- Milan Institute for health Care and Advanced Learning, 20124 Milano, Italy;
| | | | - Cristina Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Marina Saresella
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Andrea Stoccoro
- Medical Genetics Laboratories, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Tiziana Toso
- Unione Italiana Lotta alla Distrofia Muscolare UILDM, 35100 Padova, Italy;
| | - Rosa Anna Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council of Italy, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - David Vagni
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy, 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | | | - Laura Villa
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Politi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.M.); (V.F.)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
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Antonelli MC, Frasch MG, Rumi M, Sharma R, Zimmermann P, Molinet MS, Lobmaier SM. Early Biomarkers and Intervention Programs for the Infant Exposed to Prenatal Stress. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:94-106. [PMID: 33550974 PMCID: PMC9199558 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210125150955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional development of affective and reward circuits, cognition and response inhibition later in life exhibits vulnerability periods during gestation and early childhood. Extensive evidence supports the model that exposure to stressors in the gestational period and early postnatal life increases an individual's susceptibility to future impairments of functional development. Recent versions of this model integrate epigenetic mechanisms of the developmental response. Their understanding will guide the future treatment of the associated neuropsychiatric disorders. A combination of non-invasively obtainable physiological signals and epigenetic biomarkers related to the principal systems of the stress response, the Hypothalamic-Pituitary axis (HPA) and the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), are emerging as the key predictors of neurodevelopmental outcomes. Such electrophysiological and epigenetic biomarkers can prove to timely identify children benefiting most from early intervention programs. Such programs should ameliorate future disorders in otherwise healthy children. The recently developed Early Family-Centered Intervention Programs aim to influence the care and stimuli provided daily by the family and improving parent/child attachment, a key element for healthy socio-emotional adult life. Although frequently underestimated, such biomarker-guided early intervention strategy represents a crucial first step in the prevention of future neuropsychiatric problems and in reducing their personal and societal impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta C Antonelli
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis", Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires. Argentina
| | - Martin G Frasch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. United States
| | - Mercedes Rumi
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis", Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires. Argentina
| | - Ritika Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich. Germany
| | - Peter Zimmermann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich. Germany
| | - Maria Sol Molinet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich. Germany
| | - Silvia M Lobmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich. Germany
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Yang CM, Kang MK, Jung WJ, Joo JS, Kim YJ, Choi Y, Kim HP. p53 expression confers sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil via distinct chromatin accessibility dynamics in human colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:226. [PMID: 33613715 PMCID: PMC7856692 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most commonly used drugs in chemotherapy, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been shown to be effective in only 10-15% of patients with colon cancer. Thus, studies of the mechanisms affecting 5-FU sensitivity in these patients are necessary. The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a transcription factor that serves important roles in cell apoptosis by regulating the cell cycle. It has also been characterized as a key factor influencing drug sensitivity. Furthermore, accessible chromatin is a hallmark of active DNA regulatory elements and functions as a crucial epigenetic factor regulating cancer mechanisms. The present study assessed the genetic regulatory landscape in colon cancer by performing RNA sequencing and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin sequencing, and investigated the effects of 5-FU on chromatin accessibility and gene expression. Notably, while treatment with 5-FU mediated global increases in chromatin accessibility, chromatin organization in several genomic regions differed depending on the expression status of p53. Since the occupancy of p53 does not overlap with accessible chromatin regions, the 5-FU-mediated changes in chromatin accessibility were not regulated by direct binding of p53. In the p53-expressing condition, the 5-FU-mediated accessible chromatin region was primarily associated with genes encoding cell death pathways. Additionally, 5-FU was revealed to induce open chromatin conformation at regions containing binding motifs for AP-1 family transcription factors, which may drive expression of apoptosis pathway genes. In conclusion, expression of p53 may confer 5-FU sensitivity by regulating chromatin accessibility of distinct genes associated with cell apoptosis in a transcription-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Min Yang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Koo Kang
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Jae Jung
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sik Joo
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Choi
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Pyo Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.,Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
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26
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Gatta E, Saudagar V, Auta J, Grayson DR, Guidotti A. Epigenetic landscape of stress surfeit disorders: Key role for DNA methylation dynamics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 156:127-183. [PMID: 33461662 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to stress throughout lifespan alters brain structure and function, inducing a maladaptive response to environmental stimuli, that can contribute to the development of a pathological phenotype. Studies have shown that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction is associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive, alcohol use and post-traumatic stress disorders. Downstream actors of the HPA axis, glucocorticoids are critical mediators of the stress response and exert their function through specific receptors, i.e., the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), highly expressed in stress/reward-integrative pathways. GRs are ligand-activated transcription factors that recruit epigenetic actors to regulate gene expression via DNA methylation, altering chromatin structure and thus shaping the response to stress. The dynamic interplay between stress response and epigenetic modifiers suggest DNA methylation plays a key role in the development of stress surfeit disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Gatta
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Vikram Saudagar
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - James Auta
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dennis R Grayson
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alessandro Guidotti
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Tomaiuolo R, Veneruso I, Cariati F, D’Argenio V. Microbiota and Human Reproduction: The Case of Female Infertility. High Throughput 2020; 9:ht9020012. [PMID: 32375241 PMCID: PMC7349014 DOI: 10.3390/ht9020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, the availability of next-generation sequencing-based approaches has revealed the presence of microbial communities in almost all the human body, including the reproductive tract. As for other body sites, this resident microbiota has been involved in the maintenance of a healthy status. As a consequence, alterations due to internal or external factors may lead to microbial dysbiosis and to the development of pathologies. Female reproductive microbiota has also been suggested to affect infertility, and it may play a key role in the success of assisted reproductive technologies, such as embryo implantation and pregnancy care. While the vaginal microbiota is well described, the uterine microbiota is underexplored. This could be due to technical issues, as the uterus is a low biomass environment. Here, we review the state of the art regarding the role of the female reproductive system microbiota in women's health and human reproduction, highlighting its contribution to infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Tomaiuolo
- KronosDNA srl, Spinoff of Federico II University, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (R.T.); (F.C.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Iolanda Veneruso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federica Cariati
- KronosDNA srl, Spinoff of Federico II University, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (R.T.); (F.C.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria D’Argenio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Open University, via di val Cannuta 247, 00166 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-3737909
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Lee A, You L, Harris L, Oh S, Fisher-Heffernan R, Brennan K, de Lange C, Huber L, Karrow N. Effect of algae or fish oil supplementation and porcine maternal stress on the adrenal transcriptome of male offspring fed a low-quality protein diet. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 4:100058. [PMID: 34589844 PMCID: PMC8474508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Offspring adrenal function may be negatively affected in utero by maternal stressors such as microbial infection. Maternal supplementation with immunomodulatory compounds such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may help minimize the adverse effects of maternal stress on fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal development and improve offspring health. Presently, n-3 PUFA sources are primarily fish-based, but n-3 PUFA microalgae (AL) may be an alternative. Previously, it was determined that maternal AL or fish oil (FO) supplementation to sows, in addition to maternal stress induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge appeared to have a greater influence on the stress response of male offspring compared to females. To further elaborate on these findings, this study assessed the effects of maternal AL or FO supplementation combined with a maternal LPS challenge on adrenal gene expression in male offspring fed a nursery diet containing low-quality protein sources. Forty-eight sows were fed gestation diets starting on gestation day (gd) 75 containing either 3.12% AL, 3.1% FO, or a control diet containing 1.89% corn oil. On gd 112, half the sows in each treatment were administered 10 μg/kg LPS i.m. Piglets were weaned at 21 days of age onto a common low-quality plant-based protein diet, and one week after weaning, four piglets per sow were administered 40 μg/kg LPS i.m. Two hours later, the piglets were euthanized to obtain adrenal tissue, and total RNA was extracted to carry out transcriptome analysis using the Affymetrix GeneChip WT Plus assay and subsequent validation by real-time PCR. Analysis revealed that adrenal steroidogenesis, fatty acid metabolism and immune function were significantly influenced by maternal diet and stress. Increased expression of immune-related genes including lymphocyte antigen 96, TLR-2 and NF-κB suggests that maternal AL supplementation may increase offspring sensitivity to inflammation after weaning. Decreased expression of lymphocyte antigen 96 in male offspring from sows receiving maternal LPS challenge also suggests a possible role of maternal stress in diminishing the offspring immune response to immune stress challenge. Increased expression of the genes encoding the 11BHSD2 enzyme in offspring from sows fed FO may also reduce the magnitude of the stress response. These data provide insight to the immune and metabolic mechanisms that may be influenced by maternal diet and stress. Expression of adrenal steroidogenesis genes were influenced by maternal treatment. Expression of lipid metabolism genes and immune function genes were enriched. Maternal algae supplementation may increase offspring sensitivity to inflammation. Maternal stress may reduce the offspring immune response to immune challenges. Maternal fish oil supplementation may reduce the offspring stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.V. Lee
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - L. You
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - L.E. Harris
- Centre for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc, Nicholasville, KY, 40356, USA
| | - S. Oh
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - K.M. Brennan
- Centre for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc, Nicholasville, KY, 40356, USA
| | - C.F.M. de Lange
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - L. Huber
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - N.A. Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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Jimeno B, Hau M, Gómez-Díaz E, Verhulst S. Developmental conditions modulate DNA methylation at the glucocorticoid receptor gene with cascading effects on expression and corticosterone levels in zebra finches. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15869. [PMID: 31676805 PMCID: PMC6825131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental conditions can impact the adult phenotype via epigenetic changes that modulate gene expression. In mammals, methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene Nr3c1 has been implicated as mediator of long-term effects of developmental conditions, but this evidence is limited to humans and rodents, and few studies have simultaneously tested for associations between DNA methylation, gene expression and phenotype. Adverse environmental conditions during early life (large natal brood size) or adulthood (high foraging costs) exert multiple long-term phenotypic effects in zebra finches, and we here test for effects of these manipulations on DNA methylation and expression of the Nr3c1 gene in blood. Having been reared in a large brood induced higher DNA methylation of the Nr3c1 regulatory region in adulthood, and this effect persisted over years. Nr3c1 expression was negatively correlated with methylation at 2 out of 8 CpG sites, and was lower in hard foraging conditions, despite foraging conditions having no effect on Nr3c1 methylation at our target region. Nr3c1 expression also correlated with glucocorticoid traits: higher expression level was associated with lower plasma baseline corticosterone concentrations and enhanced corticosterone reactivity. Our results suggest that methylation of the Nr3c1 regulatory region can contribute to the mechanisms underlying the emergence of long-term effects of developmental conditions in birds, but in our system current adversity dominated over early life experiences with respect to receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Jimeno
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.
- University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States.
| | - Michaela Hau
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Elena Gómez-Díaz
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", CSIC, Granada, Spain
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Simon Verhulst
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Fertan E, Rodrigues GJ, Wheeler RV, Goguen D, Wong AA, James H, Stadnyk A, Brown RE, Weaver IC. Cognitive Decline, Cerebral-Spleen Tryptophan Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Cytokine Production, and Regulation of the Txnip Gene in a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1435-1450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dominguez-Bello MG, Godoy-Vitorino F, Knight R, Blaser MJ. Role of the microbiome in human development. Gut 2019; 68:1108-1114. [PMID: 30670574 PMCID: PMC6580755 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The host-microbiome supraorganism appears to have coevolved and the unperturbed microbial component of the dyad renders host health sustainable. This coevolution has likely shaped evolving phenotypes in all life forms on this predominantly microbial planet. The microbiota seems to exert effects on the next generation from gestation, via maternal microbiota and immune responses. The microbiota ecosystems develop, restricted to their epithelial niches by the host immune system, concomitantly with the host chronological development, providing early modulation of physiological host development and functions for nutrition, immunity and resistance to pathogens at all ages. Here, we review the role of the microbiome in human development, including evolutionary considerations, and the maternal/fetal relationships, contributions to nutrition and growth. We also discuss what constitutes a healthy microbiota, how antimicrobial modern practices are impacting the human microbiota, the associations between microbiota perturbations, host responses and diseases rocketing in urban societies and potential for future restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
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32
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Rezapour S, Hosseinzadeh E, Marofi F, Hassanzadeh A. Epigenetic-based therapy for colorectal cancer: Prospect and involved mechanisms. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19366-19383. [PMID: 31020647 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are heritable variations in gene expression not encoded by the DNA sequence. According to reports, a large number of studies have been performed to characterize epigenetic modification during normal development and also in cancer. Epigenetics can be regarded more widely to contain all of the changes in expression of genes that make by adjusted interactions between the regulatory portions of DNA or messenger RNAs that lead to indirect variation in the DNA sequence. In the last decade, epigenetic modification importance in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis was demonstrated powerfully. Although developments in CRC therapy have been made in the last years, much work is required as it remains the second leading cause of cancer death. Nowadays, epigenetic programs and genetic change have pivotal roles in the CRC incidence as well as progression. While our knowledge about epigenetic mechanism in CRC is not comprehensive, selective histone modifications and resultant chromatin conformation together with DNA methylation most likely regulate CRC pathogenesis that involved genes expression. Undoubtedly, the advanced understanding of epigenetic-based gene expression regulation in the CRC is essential to make epigenetic drugs for CRC therapy. The major aim of this review is to deliver a summary of valuable results that represent evidence of principle for epigenetic-based therapeutic approaches employment in CRC with a focus on the advantages of epigenetic-based therapy in the inhibition of the CRC metastasis and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleheh Rezapour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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DNA methylation studies of depression with onset in the peripartum: A critical systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 102:106-122. [PMID: 30981737 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depression with peripartum onset (MDP) has been associated with multiple adverse offspring health outcomes. The biological mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear, but DNA methylation (DNAm) represents a plausible mechanism for mediating MDP exposures and changes in offspring development, behavior, and health. Advances in DNAm research necessitate reevaluating the MDP-DNAm literature to determine how well past studies conform with current best practices. METHOD Five databases were searched to identify studies of prenatal-onset MDP and DNAm. Quality scores were assigned to each article independently by two raters using a novel scale specific for MDP-DNAm research. RESULTS Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria. Quality scores ranged from 10 to 17 out of 24 points (M = 12.8; SD = 1.9), with higher scores indicating increased study rigor. Poor covariate reporting was the most significant contributor to lower scores. CONCLUSION No longitudinal MDP-DNAm studies exist. Earlier MDP-DNAm studies should be interpreted with caution, and future research must commit to sharing methodology and data to facilitate cross-study comparisons and maximize dataset utility.
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Kahl KG, Stapel B, Frieling H. Link between depression and cardiovascular diseases due to epigenomics and proteomics: Focus on energy metabolism. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 89:146-157. [PMID: 30194950 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is the most common mental disorder and a leading cause of years lived with disability. In addition to the burden attributed to depressive symptoms and reduced daily life functioning, people with major depression are at increased risk of premature mortality, particularly due to cardiovascular diseases. Several studies point to a bi-directional relation between major depression and cardiovascular diseases, thereby indicating that both diseases may share common pathophysiological pathways. These include lifestyle factors (e.g. physical activity, smoking behavior), dysfunctions of endocrine systems (e.g. hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis), and a dysbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. Furthermore, recent research point to the role of epigenomic and proteomic factors, that are reviewed here with a particular focus on the mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai G Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
| | - Britta Stapel
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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35
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Smith ER, Wigg B, Holt S, Hewitson TD. TGF-β1 modifies histone acetylation and acetyl-coenzyme A metabolism in renal myofibroblasts. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F517-F529. [PMID: 30623724 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00513.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is an important modulator of gene expression in fibrosis. This study examined the effect of the pre-eminent fibrogenic cytokine TGF-b1 on histone 3 (H3) acetylation and its regulatory kinetics in renal myofibroblasts. Fibroblasts propagated from rat kidneys after ureteric obstruction were treated with recombinant TGF-b1 or vehicle for 48 hours. TGF-b1 -induced myofibroblast activation was accompanied by a net decrease in total H3 acetylation, although changes in individual marks were variable. This was paralleled by a generalised reduction in histone acetyltransferases (HAT), and divergent changes in histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes at both transcript and protein levels. Globally this was manifest in a reduction in total HAT activity and increase in HDAC activity. TGF-b1 induced a shift in cellular metabolism from oxidative respiration to aerobic glycolysis resulting in reduced acetyl-CoA. The reduction in total H3 acetylation could be rescued by providing exogenous citrate or alternative sources of acetyl-CoA, without ameliorating changes in HAT/HDAC activity. In conclusion, TGF-b1 produces a metabolic reprogramming in renal fibroblasts, with less H3 acetylation through reduced acetylation, increased deacetylation and changes in carbon availability. Our results suggest that acetyl-CoA availability predominates over HAT and HDAC activity as a key determinant of H3 acetylation in response to TGF-b1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Smith
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
| | - Belinda Wigg
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
| | - Stephen Holt
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
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36
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Fowden AL. Stress during pregnancy and its life-long consequences for the infant. J Physiol 2018; 595:5055-5056. [PMID: 28762512 DOI: 10.1113/jp274444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
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37
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Watamura SE, Roth TL. Looking back and moving forward: Evaluating and advancing translation from animal models to human studies of early life stress and DNA methylation. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 61:323-340. [PMID: 30426484 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in epigenetic methodologies have deepened theoretical explanations of mechanisms linking early life stress (ELS) and disease outcomes and suggest promising targets for intervention. To date, however, human studies have not capitalized on the richness of diverse animal models to derive and systematically evaluate specific and testable hypotheses. To promote cross-species dialog and scientific advance, here we provide a classification scheme to systematically evaluate the match between characteristics of human and animal studies of ELS and DNA methylation. Three preclinical models were selected that are highly cited, and that differ in the nature and severity of the ELS manipulation as well as in the affected epigenetic loci (the licking and grooming, maternal separation, and caregiver maltreatment models). We evaluated the degree to which human studies matched these preclinical models with respect to the timing of ELS and of DNA methylation assessment, as well as the type of ELS, whether sex differences were explicitly examined, the tissue sampled, and the targeted loci. Results revealed <50% match (range of 8-83%) between preclinical models and human work on these variables. Immediate and longer-term suggestions to improve translational specificity are offered, with the goal of accelerating scientific advance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania L Roth
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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Cutuli D, Berretta E, Laricchiuta D, Caporali P, Gelfo F, Petrosini L. Pre-reproductive Parental Enriching Experiences Influence Progeny's Developmental Trajectories. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:254. [PMID: 30483072 PMCID: PMC6240645 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While the positive effects of environmental enrichment (EE) applied after weaning, in adulthood, during aging, or even in the presence of brain damage have been widely described, the transgenerational effects of pre-reproductive EE have been less examined. And yet, this issue is remarkable given that parental environmental experience may imprint offspring’s phenotype over generations through many epigenetic processes. Interactions between individual and environment take place lifelong even before conception. In fact, the environment pre-reproductively experienced by the mother and/or the father exerts a substantial impact on neural development and motor and cognitive performances of the offspring, even if not directly exposed to social, cognitive, physical and/or motor enrichment. Furthermore, pre-reproductive parental enrichment exerts a transgenerational impact on coping response to stress as well as on the social behavior of the offspring. Among the effects of pre-reproductive parental EE, a potentiation of the maternal care and a decrease in global methylation levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of the progeny have been described. Finally, pre-reproductive EE modifies different pathways of neuromodulation in the brain of the offspring (involving brain-derived neurotrophic factor, oxytocin and glucocorticoid receptors). The present review highlights the importance of pre-reproductive parental enrichment in altering the performances not only of animals directly experiencing it, but also of their progeny, thus opening the way to new hypotheses on the inheritance mechanisms of behavioral traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Berretta
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Laricchiuta
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Caporali
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Penney J, Taylor T, MacLusky N, Lu R. LUMAN/CREB3 Plays a Dual Role in Stress Responses as a Cofactor of the Glucocorticoid Receptor and a Regulator of Secretion. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:352. [PMID: 30337854 PMCID: PMC6179040 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
LUMAN/CREB3, originally identified through its interaction with a cell cycle regulator HCFC1, is a transcription factor involved in the unfolded protein response during endoplasmic reticulum stress. Previously using gene knockout mouse models, we have shown that LUMAN modulates the glucocorticoid (GC) response leading to enhanced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity and lower circulating GC levels. Consequently, the stress response is dysregulated, leading to a blunted stress response in the Luman-deficient mice. One question that remained was how LUMAN deficiency affected the stress response at the cellular level leading to the changes in the physiological stress response. Here, we found that LUMAN interacts with GR through a putative nuclear receptor box site and can activate GR in the absence of a ligand. Further investigation showed that, when activated, LUMAN binds to the glucocorticoid response element (GRE), increasing the activity of GR exponentially compared to GR-ligand binding alone. On the other hand, we also found that in the absence of LUMAN, cells were more sensitive to cellular stress, exhibiting decreased secretory capacity. Hence our current data suggest that LUMAN may function both as a transcriptional cofactor of GR and a hormone secretion regulator, and through this, plays a role in stress sensitivity and reactivity to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Penney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Tiegh Taylor
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Neil MacLusky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ray Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Ducsay CA, Goyal R, Pearce WJ, Wilson S, Hu XQ, Zhang L. Gestational Hypoxia and Developmental Plasticity. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1241-1334. [PMID: 29717932 PMCID: PMC6088145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most common and severe challenges to the maintenance of homeostasis. Oxygen sensing is a property of all tissues, and the response to hypoxia is multidimensional involving complicated intracellular networks concerned with the transduction of hypoxia-induced responses. Of all the stresses to which the fetus and newborn infant are subjected, perhaps the most important and clinically relevant is that of hypoxia. Hypoxia during gestation impacts both the mother and fetal development through interactions with an individual's genetic traits acquired over multiple generations by natural selection and changes in gene expression patterns by altering the epigenetic code. Changes in the epigenome determine "genomic plasticity," i.e., the ability of genes to be differentially expressed according to environmental cues. The genomic plasticity defined by epigenomic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs during development is the mechanistic substrate for phenotypic programming that determines physiological response and risk for healthy or deleterious outcomes. This review explores the impact of gestational hypoxia on maternal health and fetal development, and epigenetic mechanisms of developmental plasticity with emphasis on the uteroplacental circulation, heart development, cerebral circulation, pulmonary development, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and adipose tissue. The complex molecular and epigenetic interactions that may impact an individual's physiology and developmental programming of health and disease later in life are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Ducsay
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Ravi Goyal
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - William J. Pearce
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sean Wilson
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Xiang-Qun Hu
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Lubo Zhang
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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Cutuli D, Berretta E, Caporali P, Sampedro-Piquero P, De Bartolo P, Laricchiuta D, Gelfo F, Pesoli M, Foti F, Farioli Vecchioli S, Petrosini L. Effects of pre-reproductive maternal enrichment on maternal care, offspring's play behavior and oxytocinergic neurons. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:99-113. [PMID: 29462694 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Potentiating social, cognitive, and sensorimotor stimulations the Environmental Enrichment (EE) increases levels of novelty and complexity experienced by individuals. Growing evidence demonstrates that parental EE experience, even occurring in the pre-reproductive phase, affects behavioral and neural developmental trajectories of the offspring. To discover how the accumulation of early maternal complex experiences may inform and shape the social behavior of the following generation, we examined the effects of pre-reproductive enrichment of dams (post-natal days 21-72) on the play performances of their male and female adolescent offspring. Furthermore, we examined the effects of pre-reproductive enrichment on maternal behavior (during post-partum days 1-10) and male intruder aggression (on post-partum day 11). Since oxytocin modulates maternal care, social bonding, and agonistic behavior, the number of oxytocinergic neurons of the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei was examined in both dams and offspring. Results revealed that enriched females exhibited higher levels of pup-oriented behaviors, especially Crouching, and initiated pup-retrieval more quickly than standard females after the maternal aggression test. Such behavioral peculiarities were accompanied by increased levels of oxytocinergic neurons in PVN and SON. Moreover, pre-reproductive maternal EE cross-generationally influenced the offspring according to sex. Indeed, male pups born to enriched females exhibited a reduced play fighting associated with a higher number of oxytocinergic neurons in SON in comparison to male pups born to standard-housed females. In conclusion, pre-reproductive EE to the mothers affects their maternal care and has a cross-generational impact on the social behavior of their offspring that do not directly experiences EE. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Neurobiology of Environmental Enrichment".
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Erica Berretta
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Caporali
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patricia Sampedro-Piquero
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento. Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Paola De Bartolo
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of TeCoS, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Laricchiuta
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of TeCoS, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Pesoli
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Motor Science and Wellness, University Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Foti
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Laura Petrosini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Okawa R, Banno K, Iida M, Yanokura M, Takeda T, Iijima M, Kunitomi-Irie H, Nakamura K, Adachi M, Umene K, Nogami Y, Masuda K, Kobayashi Y, Tominaga E, Aoki D. Aberrant chromatin remodeling in gynecological cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5107-5113. [PMID: 29113150 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are a current focus in studies investigating cancer. Chromatin remodeling alters chromatin structure and regulates gene expression, and aberrant chromatin remodeling is involved in carcinogenesis. AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) and SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 are remodeling factors that are mutated in numerous types of cancer. In gynecological cancer, ARID1A mutations have been identified in 46-57% of clear cell carcinoma and 30% of endometrioid carcinoma. Mutations of chromodomain helicase, DNA-binding protein 4 have been detected in 17-21% of endometrial serous cancer, and mutations of ARID1A and mixed-lineage leukemia 3 occur in 36 and 27% of uterine carcinosarcoma, respectively. These data suggest that aberrant chromatin remodeling is a potential cause of cancer, and have led to the development of novel proteins targeting these processes. Additional accumulation of information on the mechanisms of chromatin remodeling and markers for these events may promote personalized anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Okawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kouji Banno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Miho Iida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Megumi Yanokura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Moito Iijima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Haruko Kunitomi-Irie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kanako Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masataka Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Umene
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuya Nogami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenta Masuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Tominaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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