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Momina SS, Gandla K. Flavonoid-Rich Trianthema decandra Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction in the Hyperglycemic Rats. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10744-2. [PMID: 38570442 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at the evaluation of neuroprotective ability of methanolic extract of Trianthema decandra (METD) against hyperglycemia-related cognitive impairment in rats. The extract of T. decandra was standardized by TLC and HPTLC methods. To verify the identity and purity of isolated compounds, they were segregated and characterized using various techniques, including UV-visible spectrophotometry, FT-IR, H-NMR, and Mass spectroscopy. α-Amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition property of the extracts were assessed in-vitro. The screening of the neuroprotective effects of METD in hyperglycemic rats was done utilizing Morri's water (MWM) and elevated plus maze (EPM) model, as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The extracts of Trianthema decandra and its chemical constituents, namely quercetin and phytol, demonstrated a significant protective effect on enzymes like α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Methanol and hydroalcoholic extracts have shown the strongest inhibitory activity followed by chloroform extract. Quercetin and phytol were associated with the methanolic and chloroform extracts which were identified using TLC and HPTLC techniques. During the thirty days of the study, the induction of diabetes in the rats exhibited persistent hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, higher escape latency during training trials and reduced time spent in target quadrant in probe trial in Morris water maze test, and increased escape latency in EPM task. Regimen of METD (200 and 400 mg/kg) in the diabetic rats reduced the glucose levels in blood, lipid, and liver profile and showed positive results on Morri's water and elevated plus maze tasks. During the investigation, it was determined that Trianthema decandra extracts and the chemical constituent's quercetin and phytol in it had anti-diabetic and neuroprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyada Saleha Momina
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University), Gandipet, HimayathNagar (Vill), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500075, India
| | - Kumaraswamy Gandla
- Department of Pharmacy, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University), Gandipet, HimayathNagar (Vill), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500075, India.
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Das-Earl P, Schreihofer DA, Sumien N, Schreihofer AM. Temporal and region-specific tau hyperphosphorylation in the medulla and forebrain coincides with development of functional changes in male obese Zucker rats. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:689-708. [PMID: 38416718 PMCID: PMC11305650 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00409.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with development of tauopathies that contribute to cognitive decline. Without functional leptin receptors, male obese Zucker rats (OZRs) develop MetS, and they have increased phosphorylated tau (ptau) with impaired cognitive function. In addition to regulating energy balance, leptin enhances activation of the hippocampus, which is essential for spatial learning and memory. Whether spatial learning and memory are always impaired in OZRs or develop with MetS is unknown. We hypothesized that male OZRs develop MetS traits that promote regional increases in ptau and functional deficits associated with those brain regions. In the medulla and cortex, tau-pSer199,202 and tau-pSer396 were comparable in juvenile (7-8 wk old) lean Zucker rats (LZRs) and OZRs but increased in 18- to 19-wk-old OZRs. Elevated tau-pSer396 was concentrated in the dorsal vagal complex of the medulla, and by this age OZRs had hypertension with increased arterial pressure variability. In the hippocampus, tau-pSer199,202 and tau-pSer396 were still comparable in 18- to 19-wk-old OZRs and LZRs but elevated in 28- to 29-wk-old OZRs, with emergence of deficits in Morris water maze performance. Comparable escape latencies observed during acquisition in 18- to 19-wk-old OZRs and LZRs were increased in 28- to 29-wk-old OZRs, with greater use of nonspatial search strategies. Increased ptau developed with changes in the insulin/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in the hippocampus and cortex but not medulla, suggesting different underlying mechanisms. These data demonstrate that leptin is not required for spatial learning and memory in male OZRs. Furthermore, early development of MetS-associated autonomic dysfunction by the medulla may be predictive of later hippocampal dysfunction and cognitive impairment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Male obese Zucker rats (OZRs) lack functional leptin receptors and develop metabolic syndrome (MetS). At 16-19 wk, OZRs are insulin resistant, with increased ptau in dorsal medulla and impaired autonomic regulation of AP. At 28-29 wk OZRs develop increased ptau in hippocampus with deficits in spatial learning and memory. Juvenile OZRs lack elevated ptau and these deficits, demonstrating that leptin is not essential for normal function. Elevated ptau and deficits emerge before the onset of diabetes in insulin-resistant OZRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Das-Earl
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Derek A Schreihofer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Ann M Schreihofer
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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Kang X, Wang D, Zhang L, Huang T, Liu S, Feng X, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Ren H, Yuan G. Exendin-4 ameliorates tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes through acting on Wnt/β-catenin/NeuroD1 pathway. Mol Med 2023; 29:118. [PMID: 37667187 PMCID: PMC10478475 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an independent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Exendin-4 (Ex-4), a widely used glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist drug in the treatment of T2D, has been demonstrated the therapeutic effects on diabetic encephalopathy (DE). Especially, the Ex-4 ameliorates the tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive impairment in DE. And these crucial alterations are also important bridge between T2D and AD. However, its unique mechanism is unclear. METHODS The db/db mice, high-fat-diet (HFD) / streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (HF-diabetic) mice, and high-glucose-damaged (HGD) HT-22 hippocampal cells were enrolled to examine the effects of Ex-4 on AD-like changes in T2D. The Novel object recognition test (NORT) and Morris water maze test (MWMT) were conducted to evaluate the cognitive impairment. The Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) was employed to weaken the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to explore the mechanism of Ex-4 in protecting the brain functions. The JASPAR was based to predict the interaction between NeuroD1 and the promoter region of Ins2. Moreover, the chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR) and luciferase reporter assays were performed. RESULTS Ex-4 alleviated the tau hyperphosphorylation, increased the brain-derived insulin, and improved the PI3K/AKT/GSK3-β signalling in db/db mice, HF-diabetic mice, and HGD HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells. The NORT and MWMT indicated that Ex-4 alleviated the learning and memory deficits in HF-diabetic mice. The inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway significantly blocked the protective effects of Ex-4. Regarding further molecular mechanisms, NeuroD1 was affected by Ex-4 in vivo and in vitro, and the knockdown or overexpression of NeuroD1 suggested its crucial role in promoting the brain insulin by Ex-4. Meanwhile, the ChIP‒qPCR and luciferase reporter assays confirmed the combination between NeuroD1 and the promoter region of the insulin-encoding gene Ins2. And this interaction could be promoted by Ex-4. CONCLUSIONS Our study proposes that Ex-4 alleviates tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive dysfunction by increasing Ins2-derived brain insulin through the Wnt/β-catenin/NeuroD1 signaling in T2D. And its also show new lights on part of the progress and mechanism on treatment targets for the DE in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Siyue Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yaoyao Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ziyin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhongjing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huihui Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Wang J, Yu Z, Peng Y, Xu B. Insights into prevention mechanisms of bioactive components from healthy diets against Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109397. [PMID: 37301484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in which senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, chronic neuroinflammation, and abnormal neurotransmission are the potential mechanisms involved in its onset and development. Although it is still an intractable disorder, diet intervention has been developed as an innovative strategy for AD prevention. Some bioactive compounds and micronutrients from food, including soy isoflavones, rutin, vitamin B1, etc., have exhibited numerous neuronal health-promoting effects in both in vivo and in vitro studies. It is well known that their antiapoptotic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties prevent the neuronal or glial cells from injury or death, minimize oxidative damage, inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines by modulating typical signaling pathways of MAPK, NF-kβ, and TLR, and further reduce Aβ genesis and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, parts of the dietary components trigger AD-related proteins productions and inflammasome as well as inflammatory gene upregulation. This review summarized the neuroprotective or nerve damage-promoting role and underlying molecular mechanisms of flavonoids, vitamins, and fatty acids via the data from library databases, PubMed, and journal websites, which provides a comprehensive analysis of the prevention potential of these dietary components against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Zhiling Yu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China.
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Kakoty V, Kc S, Kumari S, Yang CH, Dubey SK, Sahebkar A, Kesharwani P, Taliyan R. Brain insulin resistance linked Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease pathology: An undying implication of epigenetic and autophagy modulation. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:699-716. [PMID: 36952096 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
In metabolic syndrome, dysregulated signalling activity of the insulin receptor pathway in the brain due to persistent insulin resistance (IR) condition in the periphery may lead to brain IR (BIR) development. BIR causes an upsurge in the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, increased amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, hyperphosphorylation of tau, aggravated formation of Aβ oligomers and simultaneously neurofibrillary tangle formation, all of which are believed to be direct contributors in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology. Likewise, for Parkinson's Disease (PD), BIR is associated with alpha-synuclein alterations, dopamine loss in brain areas which ultimately succumbs towards the appearance of classical motor symptoms corresponding to the typical PD phenotype. Modulation of the autophagy process for clearing misfolded proteins and alteration in histone proteins to alleviate disease progression in BIR-linked AD and PD have recently evolved as a research hotspot, as the majority of the autophagy-related proteins are believed to be regulated by histone posttranslational modifications. Hence, this review will provide a timely update on the possible mechanism(s) converging towards BIR induce AD and PD. Further, emphasis on the potential epigenetic regulation of autophagy that can be effectively targeted for devising a complete therapeutic cure for BIR-induced AD and PD will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violina Kakoty
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sarathlal Kc
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Shobha Kumari
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Medical Research, R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, India
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India.
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
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Wee AS, Nhu TD, Khaw KY, San Tang K, Yeong KY. Linking Diabetes to Alzheimer's Disease: Potential Roles of Glucose Metabolism and Alpha-Glucosidase. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2036-2048. [PMID: 36372924 PMCID: PMC10556372 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21999221111102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are more prevalent with ageing and cause a substantial global socio-economic burden. The biology of these two conditions is well elaborated, but whether AD and type 2 DM arise from coincidental roots in ageing or are linked by pathophysiological mechanisms remains unclear. Research findings involving animal models have identified mechanisms shared by both AD and type 2 DM. Deposition of β-amyloid peptides and formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are pathological hallmarks of AD. Type 2 DM, on the other hand, is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. Several studies show that improving type 2 DM can delay or prevent the development of AD, and hence, prevention and control of type 2 DM may reduce the risk of AD later in life. Alpha-glucosidase is an enzyme that is commonly associated with hyperglycaemia in type 2 DM. However, it is uncertain if this enzyme may play a role in the progression of AD. This review explores the experimental evidence that depicts the relationship between dysregulation of glucose metabolism and AD. We also delineate the links between alpha-glucosidase and AD and the potential role of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Sze Wee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, 47810 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thao Dinh Nhu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim San Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 , Selangor, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology (TMB) Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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Zhang Y, Chen D, Zhang M, Bian J, Qian S, Kou X. Treadmill training attenuate STZ-induced cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats via modulating Grb10/IGF-R signaling. Brain Res Bull 2022; 181:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Yekta R, Sadeghi L, Dehghan G. The role of non-enzymatic glycation on Tau-DNA interactions: Kinetic and mechanistic approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:161-168. [PMID: 35257729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Despite the regulatory role of Tau protein in the stabilization and assembly of microtubules, this protein has an important function in the protection and stabilizing of DNA molecules in the cell nucleus. In the present study, it has been indicated that glycation of lysine residues (Lys-267, Lys-274, and Lys-280) in the microtubule-binding domain (MBD) can considerably decrease its binding affinity to DNA molecules. The structural analysis also confirmed that the decreased glycated tau-DNA complex's stability was due to structural modification of this protein after the glycation process. The study of hippocampal cells under hyperglycemic conditions showed that near to 70% of Tau proteins glycated in these cells, although the expression of Tau remained unaffected. The assessment of H3K9me2, as a marker for binding of Tau to pericentromeric heterochromatin (PCH), indicated that localization of Tau protein on PCH was remarkably decreased at high glucose conditions relative to the controls. It is suggested that increasing the structural stability of Tau protein limits the ability of this protein for DNA binding, while the molecular and physical barrier of glycated Lys residues should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Yekta
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran..
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran..
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Michailidis M, Moraitou D, Tata DA, Kalinderi K, Papamitsou T, Papaliagkas V. Alzheimer's Disease as Type 3 Diabetes: Common Pathophysiological Mechanisms between Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2687. [PMID: 35269827 PMCID: PMC8910482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) epidemics is increasing rapidly and has huge financial and emotional costs. The purpose of the current review article is to discuss the shared pathophysiological connections between AD and T2DM. Research findings are presented to underline the vital role that insulin plays in the brain's neurotransmitters, homeostasis of energy, as well as memory capacity. The findings of this review indicate the existence of a mechanistic interplay between AD pathogenesis with T2DM and, especially, disrupted insulin signaling. AD and T2DM are interlinked with insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic syndrome. Beta-amyloid, tau protein and amylin can accumulate in T2DM and AD brains. Given that the T2DM patients are not routinely evaluated in terms of their cognitive status, they are rarely treated for cognitive impairment. Similarly, AD patients are not routinely evaluated for high levels of insulin or for T2DM. Studies suggesting AD as a metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance in the brain also offer strong support for the hypothesis that AD is a type 3 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Michailidis
- Laboratory of Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.M.); (D.M.); (D.A.T.)
| | - Despina Moraitou
- Laboratory of Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.M.); (D.M.); (D.A.T.)
| | - Despina A. Tata
- Laboratory of Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.M.); (D.M.); (D.A.T.)
| | - Kallirhoe Kalinderi
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Potential role of Drug Repositioning Strategy (DRS) for management of tauopathy. Life Sci 2022; 291:120267. [PMID: 34974076 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathy is a term that has been used to represent a pathological condition in which hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregates in neurons and glia which results in neurodegeneration, synapse loss and dysfunction and cognitive impairments. Recently, drug repositioning strategy (DRS) becomes a promising field and an alternative approach to advancing new treatments from actually developed and FDA approved drugs for an indication other than the indication it was originally intended for. This paradigm provides an advantage because the safety of the candidate compound has already been established, which abolishes the need for further preclinical safety testing and thus substantially reduces the time and cost involved in progressing of clinical trials. In the present review, we focused on correlation between tauopathy and common diseases as type 2 diabetes mellitus and the global virus COVID-19 and how tau pathology can aggravate development of these diseases in addition to how these diseases can be a risk factor for development of tauopathy. Moreover, correlation between COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes mellitus was also discussed. Therefore, repositioning of a drug in the daily clinical practice of patients to manage or prevent two or more diseases at the same time with lower side effects and drug-drug interactions is a promising idea. This review concluded the results of pre-clinical and clinical studies applied on antidiabetics, COVID-19 medications, antihypertensives, antidepressants and cholesterol lowering drugs for possible drug repositioning for management of tauopathy.
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Beard E, Lengacher S, Dias S, Magistretti PJ, Finsterwald C. Astrocytes as Key Regulators of Brain Energy Metabolism: New Therapeutic Perspectives. Front Physiol 2022; 12:825816. [PMID: 35087428 PMCID: PMC8787066 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.825816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play key roles in the regulation of brain energy metabolism, which has a major impact on brain functions, including memory, neuroprotection, resistance to oxidative stress and homeostatic tone. Energy demands of the brain are very large, as they continuously account for 20–25% of the whole body’s energy consumption. Energy supply of the brain is tightly linked to neuronal activity, providing the origin of the signals detected by the widely used functional brain imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. In particular, neuroenergetic coupling is regulated by astrocytes through glutamate uptake that triggers astrocytic aerobic glycolysis and leads to glucose uptake and lactate release, a mechanism known as the Astrocyte Neuron Lactate Shuttle. Other neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide mobilize glycogen, the reserve for glucose exclusively localized in astrocytes, also resulting in lactate release. Lactate is then transferred to neurons where it is used, after conversion to pyruvate, as a rapid energy substrate, and also as a signal that modulates neuronal excitability, homeostasis, and the expression of survival and plasticity genes. Importantly, glycolysis in astrocytes and more generally cerebral glucose metabolism progressively deteriorate in aging and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. This decreased glycolysis actually represents a common feature of several neurological pathologies. Here, we review the critical role of astrocytes in the regulation of brain energy metabolism, and how dysregulation of astrocyte-mediated metabolic pathways is involved in brain hypometabolism. Further, we summarize recent efforts at preclinical and clinical stages to target brain hypometabolism for the development of new therapeutic interventions in age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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12
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Tournissac M, Leclerc M, Valentin-Escalera J, Vandal M, Bosoi CR, Planel E, Calon F. Metabolic determinants of Alzheimer's disease: A focus on thermoregulation. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101462. [PMID: 34534683 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disease, associated with central and peripheral metabolic anomalies, such as impaired glucose utilization and insulin resistance. These observations led to a considerable interest not only in lifestyle-related interventions, but also in repurposing insulin and other anti-diabetic drugs to prevent or treat dementia. Body temperature is the oldest known metabolic readout and mechanisms underlying its maintenance fail in the elderly, when the incidence of AD rises. This raises the possibility that an age-associated thermoregulatory deficit contributes to energy failure underlying AD pathogenesis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a central role in thermogenesis and maintenance of body temperature. In recent years, the modulation of BAT activity has been increasingly demonstrated to regulate energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization, which could also provide benefits for AD. Here, we review the evidence linking thermoregulation, BAT and insulin-related metabolic defects with AD, and we propose mechanisms through which correcting thermoregulatory impairments could slow the progression and delay the onset of AD.
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13
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Hobday AL, Parmar MS. The Link Between Diabetes Mellitus and Tau Hyperphosphorylation: Implications for Risk of Alzheimer's Disease. Cureus 2021; 13:e18362. [PMID: 34725612 PMCID: PMC8555851 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by a lack of insulin, insulin resistance, or both. It is associated with the development of secondary complications resulting in several comorbidities. Recent studies have revealed an increased risk of developing cognitive dysfunction or dementia in diabetes patients. Diabetes mellitus is considered a risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is increasing evidence to support a link between DM and AD. Studies have shown the dysfunction of insulin signaling in the brain, resulting in increased tau protein phosphorylation (hyperphosphorylation), a hallmark and biomarker of AD pathology, leading to accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles. In DM, the insulin dysfunction in the brain is reported to alter the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity showing to enhance tau phosphorylation. In DM and AD, GSK-3β signaling has been involved in the physiological and pathological processes, respectively. This potentially explains why DM patients have an increased risk of developing AD with disease progression and aging. Interestingly, several in vivo studies with oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin treatment in DM have improved cognitive function and decreased tau hyperphosphorylation. This article will review the relationship between DM and AD as it relates to tau pathology. More understanding of the link between DM and AD could change the approach researchers and clinicians take toward both diseases, potentially leading to new treatments and preventative strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Hobday
- Foundational Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clearwater, USA
| | - Mayur S Parmar
- Foundational Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clearwater, USA
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14
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Gayathri S, Chandrashekar H R, Fayaz S M. Phytotherapeutics Against Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanism, Molecular Targets and Challenges for Drug Development. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:409-426. [PMID: 34544351 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210920120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is inflating worldwide and is combatted by only a few approved drugs. At best, these drugs treat symptomatic conditions by targeting cholinesterase and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Most of the clinical trials in progress are focused to develop disease-modifying agents that aim single targets. The 'one drug-one target' approach is failing in the case of Alzheimer's disease due to its labyrinth etiopathogenesis. Traditional medicinal systems like ayurveda uses a holistic approach encompassing legion of medicinal plants exhibiting multimodal activity. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have catapulted the research in the arena of ayurveda, specifically in identifying plants with potent anti-Alzheimer's disease properties and their phytochemical characterization. Nonetheless, clinical trials of very few herbal medicines are in progress. This review is a compendium of Indian plants and ayurvedic medicines against Alzheimer's disease and their paraphernalia. A record of 230 plants that are found in India with anti-Alzheimer's disease potential and about 500 phytochemicals from medicinal plants has been solicited with the hope of exploring the unexplored. Further, the molecular targets of phytochemicals isolated from commonly used medicinal plants such as Acorus calamus, Bacopa monnieri, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera have been reviewed with respect to their multidimensional property such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-aggregation, synaptic plasticity modulation, cognition and memory enhancing activity. In addition, the strengths, and challenges in ayurvedic medicine that limit its use as mainstream therapy is discussed and a framework for the development of herbal medicine has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri S
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekar H
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
| | - Fayaz S M
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
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15
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Docrat TF, Nagiah S, Chuturgoon AA. Metformin protects against neuroinflammation through integrated mechanisms of miR-141 and the NF-ĸB-mediated inflammasome pathway in a diabetic mouse model. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 903:174146. [PMID: 33961875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The brain responds to diabetic stress by inducing the inflammatory response. Under normal circumstances this process is tightly regulated. However, uncontrolled inflammatory responses lead to compromised function and eventual neurodegeneration. The microRNA (miR)-200 family, specifically miR-141, is differentially expressed in diseased states including cognitive decline, thereby triggering changes in downstream genes. We hypothesised that Metformin (MF) regulates the miR-141/protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) axis, and associated NF-ĸB-mediated inflammasome expression in diabetic mice brain. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ), thereafter mice were treated with MF (20 mg/kg BW). Whole brain tissue was harvested for further analysis. In silico analysis showed that Sirt1 and PP2A are prediction targets of miR-141. Selected protein and gene expressions were established through western blotting and qPCR, respectively. Diabetic mice brain tissue demonstrated overexpression of miR-141 and related pro-inflammatory factors as well as decreased PP2A gene expression. MF was able to counteract this by regulating expression of miR-141, PP2A, and p-tau at Ser396 protein expressions. Further experimentation revealed MF's inhibitory action on the inflammasome system by regulating the expression of the upstream controller NLRP3, related cytokines and NF-κB signalling pathway. Collectively, we demonstrate that MF promotes neuroprotection in diabetic mice by dampening inflammatory responses through its inhibitory effects on various signalling pathways. CATEGORIES: Inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Metabolic Disorders and Endocrinology, Neuropharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taskeen Fathima Docrat
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
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16
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Stanciu GD, Rusu RN, Bild V, Filipiuc LE, Tamba BI, Ababei DC. Systemic Actions of SGLT2 Inhibition on Chronic mTOR Activation as a Shared Pathogenic Mechanism between Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050576. [PMID: 34069618 PMCID: PMC8160780 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects tens of millions of people worldwide. Despite the advances in understanding the disease, there is an increased urgency for pharmacological approaches able of impacting its onset and progression. With a multifactorial nature, high incidence and prevalence in later years of life, there is growing evidence highlighting a relationship between metabolic dysfunction related to diabetes and subject's susceptibility to develop AD. The link seems so solid that sometimes AD and type 3 diabetes are used interchangeably. A candidate for a shared pathogenic mechanism linking these conditions is chronically-activated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Chronic activation of unrestrained mTOR could be responsible for sustaining metabolic dysfunction that causes the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, tau hyperphosphorylation and senile plaques formation in AD. It has been suggested that inhibition of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) mediated by constant glucose loss, may restore mTOR cycle via nutrient-driven, preventing or even decreasing the AD progression. Currently, there is an unmet need for further research insight into molecular mechanisms that drive the onset and AD advancement as well as an increase in efforts to expand the testing of potential therapeutic strategies aimed to counteract disease progression in order to structure effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Dumitrita Stanciu
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (V.B.); (L.E.F.)
| | - Razvan Nicolae Rusu
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.N.R.); (D.C.A.)
| | - Veronica Bild
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (V.B.); (L.E.F.)
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.N.R.); (D.C.A.)
| | - Leontina Elena Filipiuc
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (V.B.); (L.E.F.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Ionel Tamba
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (V.B.); (L.E.F.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela Carmen Ababei
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.N.R.); (D.C.A.)
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17
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Wijesekara N, Gonçalves RA, Ahrens R, Ha K, De Felice FG, Fraser PE. Combination of human tau and islet amyloid polypeptide exacerbates metabolic dysfunction in transgenic mice. J Pathol 2021; 254:244-253. [PMID: 33797777 DOI: 10.1002/path.5674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau are important contributors to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau also impacts pancreatic beta cell function and glucose homeostasis. Amyloid deposits composed of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) are a pathological feature of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The current study investigates the role of human tau (hTau) in combination with human IAPP (hIAPP) as a potential mechanism connecting AD and T2D. Transgenic mice expressing hTau and hIAPP in the absence of murine tau were generated to determine the impact of these pathological factors on glucose metabolism. Co-expression of hIAPP and hTau resulted in mice with increased hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. The hTau-hIAPP mice also exhibited reduced beta cell area, increased amyloid deposition, impaired insulin processing, and reduced insulin content in islets. Tau phosphorylation also increased after stimulation with high glucose. In addition, brain insulin content and signalling were reduced, and tau phosphorylation was increased in these animals. These data support a link between tau and IAPP amyloid, which seems to act co-ordinately to impair beta cell function and glucose homeostasis, and suggest that the combined pathological actions of these proteins may be a potential mechanism connecting AD and T2D. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeeja Wijesekara
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rafaella Araujo Gonçalves
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies and Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Rosemary Ahrens
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kathy Ha
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies and Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paul E Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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18
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Mueller RL, Combs B, Alhadidy MM, Brady ST, Morfini GA, Kanaan NM. Tau: A Signaling Hub Protein. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:647054. [PMID: 33815057 PMCID: PMC8017207 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.647054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over four decades ago, in vitro experiments showed that tau protein interacts with and stabilizes microtubules in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. This observation fueled the widespread hypotheses that these properties extend to living neurons and that reduced stability of microtubules represents a major disease-driving event induced by pathological forms of tau in Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies. Accordingly, most research efforts to date have addressed this protein as a substrate, focusing on evaluating how specific mutations, phosphorylation, and other post-translational modifications impact its microtubule-binding and stabilizing properties. In contrast, fewer efforts were made to illuminate potential mechanisms linking physiological and disease-related forms of tau to the normal and pathological regulation of kinases and phosphatases. Here, we discuss published work indicating that, through interactions with various kinases and phosphatases, tau may normally act as a scaffolding protein to regulate phosphorylation-based signaling pathways. Expanding on this concept, we also review experimental evidence linking disease-related tau species to the misregulation of these pathways. Collectively, the available evidence supports the participation of tau in multiple cellular processes sustaining neuronal and glial function through various mechanisms involving the scaffolding and regulation of selected kinases and phosphatases at discrete subcellular compartments. The notion that the repertoire of tau functions includes a role as a signaling hub should widen our interpretation of experimental results and increase our understanding of tau biology in normal and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Mueller
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Benjamin Combs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Mohammed M Alhadidy
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Scott T Brady
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Gerardo A Morfini
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Nicholas M Kanaan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
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19
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Bai A, Tao L, Huang J, Tao J, Liu J. Effects of physical activity on cognitive function among patients with diabetes in China: a nationally longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:481. [PMID: 33706749 PMCID: PMC7948339 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to examine the effect of physical activity on different cognitive domains among patients with diabetes. Methods We used two waves of data from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2013–2015), a nationally representative dataset of Chinese population aged over 45. Total physical activity scores were calculated based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Executive function and episodic memory were used as measures of cognitive function. We conducted lagged dependent variable models to explore the association between physical activity and cognitive function in full sample as well as two different age groups (45–65, ≥65). Results: 862 diabetic patients were included. We found that diabetic participants who had greater level of physical activity at baseline were associated with better episodic memory function in 2 years (p < 0.05). Moreover, physical activity was significantly associated with less decline in episodic memory in fully adjusted models, and the associations were stronger among patients aged 45–65 years (p < 0.05). No statistically significant association was found between physical activity and executive function in all age groups. Conclusions Physical activity may prevent some of the potential decline in episodic memory in diabetic patients. Clinicians and public health departments should strengthen the promotion of physical activity and develop early screening tools among diabetic participants to prevent the progression of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anying Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liyuan Tao
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Huang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Tao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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20
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Chen Y, Zhao S, Fan Z, Li Z, Zhu Y, Shen T, Li K, Yan Y, Tian J, Liu Z, Zhang B. Metformin attenuates plaque-associated tau pathology and reduces amyloid-β burden in APP/PS1 mice. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:40. [PMID: 33563332 PMCID: PMC7871393 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The amyloid cascade theory is the leading hypothesis of AD pathology. Aβ deposition precedes the aggregation of tau pathology and Aβ pathology precipitates tau pathology. Evidence also indicates the reciprocal interactions between amyloid and tau pathology. However, the detailed relationship between amyloid and tau pathology in AD remains elusive. Metformin might have a positive effect on cognitive impairments. However, whether metformin can reduce AD-related pathologies is still unconclusive. Methods Brain extracts containing tau aggregates were unilaterally injected into the hippocampus and the overlying cerebral cortex of 9-month-old APPswe/PS1DE9 (APP/PS1) mice and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Metformin was administrated in the drinking water for 2 months. Aβ pathology, tau pathology, plaque-associated microgliosis, and autophagy marker were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence analysis 2 months after injection of proteopathic tau seeds. The effects of metformin on both pathologies were explored. Results We observed tau aggregates in dystrophic neurites surrounding Aβ plaques (NP tau) in the bilateral hippocampi and cortices of tau-injected APP/PS1 mice but not WT mice. Aβ plaques promoted the aggregation of NP tau pathology. Injection of proteopathic tau seeds exacerbated Aβ deposits and decreased the number of microglia around Aβ plaques in the hippocampus and cortex of APP/PS1 mice. Metformin ameliorated the microglial autophagy impairment, increased the number of microglia around Aβ plaques, promoted the phagocytosis of NP tau, and reduced Aβ load and NP tau pathology in APP/PS1 mice. Conclusion These findings indicate the existence of the crosstalk between amyloid and NP tau pathology. Metformin promoted the phagocytosis of pathological Aβ and tau proteins by enhancing microglial autophagy capability. It reduced Aβ deposits and limited the spreading of NP tau pathology in APP/PS1 mice, which exerts a beneficial effect on both pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxing Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheyu Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueli Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Thelen M, Brown-Borg HM. Does Diet Have a Role in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease? Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:617071. [PMID: 33424583 PMCID: PMC7785773 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.617071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process causes many changes to the brain and is a major risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Despite an already vast amount of research on AD, a greater understanding of the disease's pathology and therapeutic options are desperately needed. One important distinction that is also in need of further study is the ability to distinguish changes to the brain observed in early stages of AD vs. changes that occur with normal aging. Current FDA-approved therapeutic options for AD patients have proven to be ineffective and indicate the need for alternative therapies. Aging interventions including alterations in diet (such as caloric restriction, fasting, or methionine restriction) have been shown to be effective in mediating increased health and lifespan in mice and other model organisms. Because aging is the greatest risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, certain dietary interventions should be explored as they have the potential to act as a future treatment option for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Thelen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Holly M Brown-Borg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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22
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Berlanga-Acosta J, Guillén-Nieto G, Rodríguez-Rodríguez N, Bringas-Vega ML, García-del-Barco-Herrera D, Berlanga-Saez JO, García-Ojalvo A, Valdés-Sosa MJ, Valdés-Sosa PA. Insulin Resistance at the Crossroad of Alzheimer Disease Pathology: A Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:560375. [PMID: 33224105 PMCID: PMC7674493 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.560375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin plays a major neuroprotective and trophic function for cerebral cell population, thus countering apoptosis, beta-amyloid toxicity, and oxidative stress; favoring neuronal survival; and enhancing memory and learning processes. Insulin resistance and impaired cerebral glucose metabolism are invariantly reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative processes. AD is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder in which progressive glucose hypometabolism parallels to cognitive impairment. Although AD may appear and progress in virtue of multifactorial nosogenic ingredients, multiple interperpetuative and interconnected vicious circles appear to drive disease pathophysiology. The disease is primarily a metabolic/energetic disorder in which amyloid accumulation may appear as a by-product of more proximal events, especially in the late-onset form. As a bridge between AD and type 2 diabetes, activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway with the ensued serine phosphorylation of the insulin response substrate (IRS)-1/2 may be at the crossroads of insulin resistance and its subsequent dysmetabolic consequences. Central insulin axis bankruptcy translates in neuronal vulnerability and demise. As a link in the chain of pathogenic vicious circles, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and peripheral/central immune-inflammation are increasingly advocated as major pathology drivers. Pharmacological interventions addressed to preserve insulin axis physiology, mitochondrial biogenesis-integral functionality, and mitophagy of diseased organelles may attenuate the adjacent spillover of free radicals that further perpetuate mitochondrial damages and catalyze inflammation. Central and/or peripheral inflammation may account for a local flood of proinflammatory cytokines that along with astrogliosis amplify insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. All these elements are endogenous stressor, pro-senescent factors that contribute to JNK activation. Taken together, these evidences incite to identify novel multi-mechanistic approaches to succeed in ameliorating this pandemic affliction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Berlanga-Acosta
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Research Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gerardo Guillén-Nieto
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Research Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Nadia Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Research Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Maria Luisa Bringas-Vega
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Neurosciences Center, Cubanacan, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Jorge O. Berlanga-Saez
- Applied Mathematics Department, Institute of Mathematics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ariana García-Ojalvo
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Research Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Mitchell Joseph Valdés-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Neurosciences Center, Cubanacan, Havana, Cuba
| | - Pedro A. Valdés-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Neurosciences Center, Cubanacan, Havana, Cuba
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23
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Hirschstein Z, Vanga GR, Wang G, Novakovic ZM, Grasso P. MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3, a small molecule synthetic peptide leptin mimetic, improves episodic memory, and reduces serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and neurodegeneration in mouse models of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129697. [PMID: 32738275 PMCID: PMC7484172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ), intra-neuronal hyper-phosphorylated tau protein, and chronic inflammation are neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). A link between AD, insulin dysfunction, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in promoting both tau and Aβ pathologies in vivo has been proposed. METHODS MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3 was given, with or without insulin, to streptozotocin (STZ)-treated male Swiss Webster mice, and to male diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Brains were excised, and coronal sections were imaged with fluoro jade-C (FJC), thioflavin-S, or hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Serum TNF-α and IGF-1 were measured by ELISA. Histopathological changes in the cerebral cortex (CC) and hippocampus (HC) were correlated with changes in glycemic regulation, episodic memory, and serum levels of TNF-α and IGF-1. RESULTS In STZ-treated mice, blood glucose and serum TNF-α and IGF-1 were reduced by insulin alone, and normalized when MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3 was given in combination with insulin. Improvement in episodic memory was inversely correlated with the number of FJC-positive cells in the CC and HC and serum TNF-α and IGF-1. FJC, thioflavin-S and H&E staining indicated no Aβ deposition. Similar results were observed in DIO mice treated with MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism by which MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3 improves episodic memory in mouse models of TIDM and T2DM appears to be related to improved insulin sensitivity and reduced TNF-α-induced neurodegeneration. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3 may have application to human pre-clinical and clinical AD and AD-like dementia by interrupting the cascade of insulin resistance, neuro-inflammation, and neurodegeneration, that characterizes these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guirong Wang
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Robison LS, Gannon OJ, Thomas MA, Salinero AE, Abi-Ghanem C, Poitelon Y, Belin S, Zuloaga KL. Role of sex and high-fat diet in metabolic and hypothalamic disturbances in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:285. [PMID: 32993686 PMCID: PMC7526387 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypothalamic dysfunction occurs early in the clinical course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), likely contributing to disturbances in feeding behavior and metabolic function that are often observed years prior to the onset of cognitive symptoms. Late-life weight loss and low BMI are associated with increased risk of dementia and faster progression of disease. However, high-fat diet and metabolic disease (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes), particularly in mid-life, are associated with increased risk of AD, as well as exacerbated AD pathology and behavioral deficits in animal models. In the current study, we explored possible relationships between hypothalamic function, diet/metabolic status, and AD. Considering the sex bias in AD, with women representing two-thirds of AD patients, we sought to determine whether these relationships vary by sex. Methods WT and 3xTg-AD male and female mice were fed a control (10% fat) or high-fat (HF 60% fat) diet from ~ 3–7 months of age, then tested for metabolic and hypothalamic disturbances. Results On control diet, male 3xTg-AD mice displayed decreased body weight, reduced fat mass, hypoleptinemia, and mild systemic inflammation, as well as increased expression of gliosis- and inflammation-related genes in the hypothalamus (Iba1, GFAP, TNF-α, IL-1β). In contrast, female 3xTg-AD mice on control diet displayed metabolic disturbances opposite that of 3xTg-AD males (increased body and fat mass, impaired glucose tolerance). HF diet resulted in expected metabolic alterations across groups (increased body and fat mass; glucose intolerance; increased plasma insulin and leptin, decreased ghrelin; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related pathology). HF diet resulted in the greatest weight gain, adiposity, and glucose intolerance in 3xTg-AD females, which were associated with markedly increased hypothalamic expression of GFAP and IL-1β, as well as GFAP labeling in several hypothalamic nuclei that regulate energy balance. In contrast, HF diet increased diabetes markers and systemic inflammation preferentially in AD males but did not exacerbate hypothalamic inflammation in this group. Conclusions These findings provide further evidence for the roles of hypothalamic and metabolic dysfunction in AD, which in the 3xTg-AD mouse model appears to be dependent on both sex and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Robison
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Olivia J Gannon
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Melissa A Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Abigail E Salinero
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Charly Abi-Ghanem
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Sophie Belin
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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Tyagi A, Mirita C, Taher N, Shah I, Moeller E, Tyagi A, Chong T, Pugazhenthi S. Metabolic syndrome exacerbates amyloid pathology in a comorbid Alzheimer's mouse model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165849. [PMID: 32485218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) often coexists with other aging-associated diseases including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. The early stage of these comorbidities is known as metabolic syndrome (MetS) which is highly prevalent in mid-life. An important cause of MetS is the deficiency of SIRT3, a mitochondrial deacetylase which enhances the functions of critical mitochondrial proteins, including metabolic enzymes, by deacetylation. Deletion of Sirt3 gene has been reported to result in the acceleration of MetS. In a recently published study, we demonstrated in the brain of Sirt3-/- mice, downregulation of metabolic enzymes, insulin resistance and elevation of inflammatory markers including microglial proliferation. These findings suggested a novel pathway that could link SIRT3 deficiency to neuroinflammation, an important cause of Alzheimer's pathogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that MetS and amyloid pathology may interact through converging pathways of insulin resistance and neuroinflammation in comorbid AD. To investigate these interactions, we crossed Sirt3-/- mice with APP/PS1 mice and successfully generated APP/PS1/Sirt3-/- mice with amyloid pathology and MetS. In these comorbid AD mice, we observed exacerbation of insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, amyloid plaque deposition, markers of neuroinflammation, including elevated expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and Cox-2 at 8 months of age. There was also increased microglial proliferation and activation. Our observations suggest a novel mechanism by which MetS may interact with amyloid pathology during the cellular phase of AD. Therapeutic targeting of SIRT3 in AD with comorbidities may produce beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpna Tyagi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Iman Shah
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Anit Tyagi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Subbiah Pugazhenthi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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26
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Bi A, An W, Wang C, Hua Y, Fang F, Dong X, Chen R, Zhang Z, Luo L. SCR-1693 inhibits tau phosphorylation and improves insulin resistance associated cognitive deficits. Neuropharmacology 2020; 168:108027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abstract
Tau protein which was discovered in 1975 [310] became of great interest when it was identified as the main component of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), a pathological feature in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) [39, 110, 232]. Tau protein is expressed mainly in the brain as six isoforms generated by alternative splicing [46, 97]. Tau is a microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and plays a role in microtubules assembly and stability, as well as diverse cellular processes such as cell morphogenesis, cell division, and intracellular trafficking [49]. Additionally, Tau is involved in much larger neuronal functions particularly at the level of synapses and nuclei [11, 133, 280]. Tau is also physiologically released by neurons [233] even if the natural function of extracellular Tau remains to be uncovered (see other chapters of the present book).
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28
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Bahar-Fuchs A, Barendse MEA, Bloom R, Ravona-Springer R, Heymann A, Dabush H, Bar L, Slater-Barkan S, Rassovsky Y, Schnaider Beeri M. Computerized Cognitive Training for Older Adults at Higher Dementia Risk due to Diabetes: Findings From a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:747-754. [PMID: 30868154 PMCID: PMC7931965 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effects of adaptive and tailored computerized cognitive training on cognition and disease self-management in older adults with diabetes. METHODS This was a single-blind trial. Eighty-four community-dwelling older adults with diabetes were randomized into a tailored and adaptive computerized cognitive training or a generic, non-tailored or adaptive computerized cognitive training condition. Both groups trained for 8 weeks on the commercially available CogniFit program and were supported by a range of behavior change techniques. Participants in each condition were further randomized into a global or cognition-specific self-efficacy intervention, or to a no self-efficacy condition. The primary outcome was global cognition immediately following the intervention. Secondary outcomes included diabetes self-management, meta-memory, mood, and self-efficacy. Assessments were conducted at baseline, immediately after the training, and at a 6-month follow-up. RESULTS Adherence and retention were lower in the generic computerized cognitive training condition, but the self-efficacy intervention was not associated with adherence. Moderate improvements in performance on a global cognitive composite at the posttreatment assessments were observed in both cognitive training conditions, with further small improvement observed at the 6-month follow-up. Results for diabetes self-management showed a modest improvement on self-rated diabetes care for both intervention conditions following the treatment, which was maintained at the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that older adults at higher dementia risk due to diabetes can show improvements in both cognition and disease self-management following home-based multidomain computerized cognitive training. These findings also suggest that adaptive difficulty and individual task tailoring may not be critical components of such interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02709629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Bahar-Fuchs
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Center for Research on Aging, Health, and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Marjolein E A Barendse
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Bloom
- Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan
| | - Ramit Ravona-Springer
- Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University
| | - Anthony Heymann
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel-Aviv
| | - Hai Dabush
- Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lior Bar
- Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Yuri Rassovsky
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan
- Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
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29
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Ma LY, Liu SF, Du JH, Niu Y, Hou PF, Shu Q, Ma RR, Wu SD, Qu QM, Lv YL. Chronic ghrelin administration suppresses IKK/NF-κB/BACE1 mediated Aβ production in primary neurons and improves cognitive function via upregulation of PP1 in STZ-diabetic rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 169:107155. [PMID: 31904547 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic rats display cognition impairments accompanied by activation of NF-κB signalling and increased Aβ expression. Ghrelin has been suggested to improve cognition in diabetic rats. In this study, we investigated the role of ghrelin on cognition and NF-κB mediated Aβ production in diabetic rats. A diabetic rat model was established with streptozotocin (STZ) injection, and diabetic rats were intracerebroventricularly administered with ghrelin or (D-lys3)-GHRP-6 (DG). Our results showed that diabetic rats had cognition impairment in the Morris water maze test, accompanied by the higher expression of Aβ in the hippocampus. Western blot analysis showed that diabetic rats exhibited significantly decreased levels of GHSR-1a and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in the hippocampus and increased activation of the IKK/NF-κB/BACE1 pathway. Chronic ghrelin administration upregulated hippocampal PP1 expression, suppressed IKK/NF-κB/BACE1 mediated Aβ production, and improved cognition in STZ-induced diabetic rats. These effects were reversed by DG. Then, primary rat hippocampal neurons were isolated and treated with high glucose, followed by Ghrelin and DG, PP1 or IKK. Similar to the in vivo results, high glucose suppressed the expression levels of GHSR-1a and PP1, activated the IKK/NF-κB/BACE1 pathway, increased Aβ production. Ghrelin suppressed IKK/NF-κB/BACE1 induced Aβ production. This improvement was reversed by DG and a PP1 antagonist and was enhanced by the IKK antagonist. Our findings indicated that chronic ghrelin administration can suppress IKK/NF-κB/BACE1 mediated Aβ production in primary neurons with high glucose treatment and improve the cognition via PP1 upregulation in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou-Yan Ma
- The Second Department of Geriatrics, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Song-Fang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Hui Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng-Fei Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Ran-Ran Ma
- Department of Neurology, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Song-Di Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qiu-Min Qu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ya-Li Lv
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China.
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30
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Ahn KC, Learman CR, Baker GB, Weaver CL, Chung PS, Kim HG, Song MS. Regulation of Diabetes: a Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease? J Korean Med Sci 2019; 34:e297. [PMID: 31779058 PMCID: PMC6882941 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence suggests that sporadic cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) make up more than 95% of total AD patients, and diabetes has been implicated as a strong risk factor for the development of AD. Diabetes shares pathological features of AD, such as impaired insulin signaling, increased oxidative stress, increased amyloid-beta (Aβ) production, tauopathy and cerebrovascular complication. Due to shared pathologies between the two diseases, anti-diabetic drugs may be a suitable therapeutic option for AD treatment. In this article, we will discuss the well-known pathologies of AD, including Aβ plaques and tau tangles, as well as other mechanisms shared in AD and diabetes including reactive glia and the breakdown of blood brain barrier in order to evaluate the presence of any potential, indirect or direct links of pre-diabetic conditions to AD pathology. In addition, clinical evidence of high incidence of diabetic patients to the development of AD are described together with application of anti-diabetic medications to AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Chan Ahn
- NeuroVIS, Cheonan, Korea
- EnviroBrain, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cameron R Learman
- Chapman University Physician Assistant Studies Program, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Glen B Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Charles L Weaver
- Department of Health Sciences, Saginaw Valley State University, Saginaw, MI, USA
| | - Phil Sang Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Faculty of Medical School, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyung Gun Kim
- NeuroVIS, Cheonan, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Mee Sook Song
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Faculty of Medical School, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea.
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31
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Moderate protective effect of Kyotorphin against the late consequences of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin model of Alzheimer's disease. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1501-1513. [PMID: 31520285 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The established decrease in the level of endogenous kyotorphin (KTP) into the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with an advanced stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the found neuroprotective activity of KTP suggested its participation in the pathophysiology of the disease. We aimed to study the effects of subchronic intracerebroventricular (ICV) treatment (14 days) with KTP on the behavioral, biochemical and histological changes in rats with streptozotocin (STZ-ICV)-induced model of sporadic AD (sAD). Three months after the administration of STZ-ICV, rats developed increased locomotor activity, decreased level of anxiety, impaired spatial and working memory. Histological data from the STZ-ICV group demonstrated decreased number of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus. The STZ-ICV group was characterized with a decrease of total protein content in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex as well as increased levels of the carbonylated proteins in the hippocampus. KTP treatment of STZ-ICV rats normalized anxiety level and regained object recognition memory. KTP abolished the protein loss in prefrontal cortex and decrease the neuronal loss in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus. STZ-ICV rats, treated with KTP, did not show significant changes in the levels of the carbonylated proteins in specific brain structures or in motor activity and spatial memory compared to the saline-treated STZ-ICV group. Our data show a moderate and selective protective effect of a subchronic ICV administration of the dipeptide KTP on the pathological changes induced by an experimental model of sAD in rats.
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Folch J, Olloquequi J, Ettcheto M, Busquets O, Sánchez-López E, Cano A, Espinosa-Jiménez T, García ML, Beas-Zarate C, Casadesús G, Bulló M, Auladell C, Camins A. The Involvement of Peripheral and Brain Insulin Resistance in Late Onset Alzheimer's Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:236. [PMID: 31551756 PMCID: PMC6743006 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe sociological and clinical problem. Since it was first described, there has been a constant increase in its incidence and, for now, there are no effective treatments since current approved medications have only shown short-term symptomatic benefits. Therefore, it is imperative to increase efforts in the search for molecules and non-pharmacological strategies that are capable of slowing or stopping the progress of the disease and, ideally, to reverse it. The amyloid cascade hypothesis based on the fundamental role of amyloid has been the central hypothesis in the last 30 years. However, since amyloid-directed treatments have shown no relevant beneficial results other theories have been postulated to explain the origin of the pathology. The brain is a highly metabolically active energy-consuming tissue in the human body. It has an almost complete dependence on the metabolism of glucose and uses most of its energy for synaptic transmission. Thus, alterations on the utilization or availability of glucose may be cause for the appearance of neurodegenerative pathologies like AD. In this review article, the hypothesis known as Type 3 Diabetes (T3D) will be evaluated by summarizing some of the data that has been reported in recent years. According to published research, the adherence over time to low saturated fatty acids diets in the context of the Mediterranean diet would reduce the inflammatory levels in brain, with a decrease in the pro-inflammatory glial activation and mitochondrial oxidative stress. In this situation, the insulin receptor pathway would be able to fine tune the mitochondrial biogenesis in neuronal cells, regulation the adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate intracellular balance, and becoming a key factor involved in the preservation of the synaptic connexions and neuronal plasticity. In addition, new targets and strategies for the treatment of AD will be considered in this review for their potential as new pharmacological or non-pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Folch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Zoologisches Institut, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-Química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Cano
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-Química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Triana Espinosa-Jiménez
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-Química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Laboratorio de Regeneración y Desarrollo Neural, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, CUCBA, Guadalajar, México
| | - Gemma Casadesús
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Mónica Bulló
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Carme Auladell
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Knock-in of Mutated hTAU Causes Insulin Resistance, Inflammation and Proteostasis Disturbance in a Mouse Model of Frontotemporal Dementia. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:539-550. [PMID: 31396860 PMCID: PMC6968995 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity have been implicated as risk factors for dementia. However, metabolic mechanisms and associated signalling pathways have not been investigated in detail in frontotemporal dementia. We therefore here characterised physiological, behavioural and molecular phenotypes of 3- and 8-month-old male tau knock-in (PLB2TAU) vs wild-type (PLBWT) mice. Homecage analysis suggested intact habituation but a dramatic reduction in exploratory activity in PLB2TAU mice. Deficits in motor strength were also observed. At 3 months, PLB2TAU mice displayed normal glucose handling but developed hyperglycaemia at 8 months, suggesting a progressive diabetic phenotype. Brain, liver and muscle tissue analyses confirmed tissue-specific deregulation of metabolic and homeostatic pathways. In brain, increased levels of phosphorylated tau and inflammation were detected alongside reduced ER regulatory markers, overall suggesting a downregulation in essential cellular defence pathways. We suggest that subtle neuronal expression of mutated human tau is sufficient to disturb systems metabolism and protein handling. Whether respective dysfunctions in tauopathy patients are also a consequence of tau pathology remains to be confirmed, but could offer new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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The Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin Ameliorates High-fat Induced Cognitive Decline in Tauopathy Model Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102539. [PMID: 31126115 PMCID: PMC6566831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are associated with the increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. One of the common T2DM medications, dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors, have a minimum risk for hypoglycemia and have recently been suggested to ameliorate β-amyloid pathology. However, conflicting results have been reported regarding the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on cognitive function and tau pathology. Thus, we investigated whether inhibiting DPP-4 affects tau pathology and cognition in a mouse model of tauopathy with hyperglycemia. Male mice overexpressing the P301S mutant human microtubule-associated protein tau gene (PS19) were fed either a low or high-fat diet. PS19 mice were then administered either linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, or vehicle, from 6 weeks to 8 months of age. Linagliptin-treated mice exhibited higher levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 and decreased fasting blood glucose, compared with the vehicle-treated mice at 8 months. Linagliptin treatment significantly restored spatial reference memory and increased cerebral blood flow without affecting phosphorylation levels of tau or endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the brain. Linagliptin may ameliorate HFD-induced cognitive worsening in tauopathy, at least partially, by increasing cerebral perfusion via the eNOS-independent pathway.
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Gonçalves RA, Wijesekara N, Fraser PE, De Felice FG. The Link Between Tau and Insulin Signaling: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Tauopathies. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:17. [PMID: 30804755 PMCID: PMC6371747 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) is mainly identified as a tubulin binding protein essential for microtubule dynamics and assembly and for neurite outgrowth. However, several other possible functions for Tau remains to be investigated. Insulin signaling is important for synaptic plasticity and memory formation and therefore is essential for proper brain function. Tau has recently been characterized as an important regulator of insulin signaling, with evidence linking Tau to brain and peripheral insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. In line with this notion, the hypothesis of Tau pathology as a key trigger of impaired insulin sensitivity and secretion has emerged. Conversely, insulin resistance can also favor Tau dysfunction, resulting in a vicious cycle of these events. In this review article, we discuss recent evidence linking Tau pathology, insulin resistance and insulin deficiency. We further highlight the deleterious consequences of Tau pathology-induced insulin resistance to the brain and/or peripheral tissues, suggesting that these are key events mediating cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Araujo Gonçalves
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nadeeja Wijesekara
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul E Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
AbstractIn recent decades, clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have failed at an unprecedented rate. The etiology of AD has since come under renewed scrutiny, both to elucidate the underlying pathologies and to identify novel therapeutic strategies. Here, diet has emerged as a potential causative/protective agent. A variety of nutrients, including lipids, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants and sugars as well as broader dietary patterns and microbiotal interactions have demonstrated associations with AD. Although clinical trials have yet to definitively implicate any singular dietary element as therapeutic or causative, it is apparent that dietary preferences, likely in complex synergies, may influence the risk, onset and course of AD. This review catalogs the impact of major dietary elements on AD. It further examines an unexplored reciprocal association where AD may modulate diet, as well as how potential therapeutics may complicate these interactions. In doing so, we observe diet may have profound effects on the outcome of a clinical trial, either as a confounder of a drug/disease interaction or as a generally disruptive covariate. We therefore conclude that future clinical trials in AD should endeavor to control for diet, either in study design or subsequent analyses.
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Castellani RJ, Perry G. Tau Biology, Tauopathy, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Diagnostic Challenges. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:447-467. [PMID: 30584140 PMCID: PMC6398540 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in the pathobiology of tau protein, given its potential role in neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Tau is an important microtubule associated protein, required for the assembly of tubulin into microtubules and maintaining structural integrity of axons. Tau has other diverse cellular functions involving signal transduction, cellular proliferation, developmental neurobiology, neuroplasticity, and synaptic activity. Alternative splicing results in tau isoforms with differing microtubule binding affinity, differing representation in pathological inclusions in certain disease states, and differing roles in developmental biology and homeostasis. Tau haplotypes confer differing susceptibility to neurodegeneration. Tau phosphorylation is a normal metabolic process, critical in controlling tau's binding to microtubules, and is ongoing within the brain at all times. Tau may be hyperphosphorylated, and may aggregate as detectable fibrillar deposits in tissues, in both aging and neurodegenerative disease. The hypothesis that p-tau is neurotoxic has prompted constructs related to isomers, low-n assembly intermediates or oligomers, and the "tau prion". Human postmortem studies have elucidated broad patterns of tauopathy, with tendencies for those patterns to differ as a function of disease phenotype. However, there is extensive overlap, not only between genuine neurodegenerative diseases, but also between aging and disease. Recent studies highlight uniqueness to pathological patterns, including a pattern attributed to repetitive head trauma, although clinical correlations have been elusive. The diagnostic process for tauopathies and neurodegenerative diseases in general is challenging in many respects, and may be particularly problematic for postmortem evaluation of former athletes and military service members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy J. Castellani
- Departments of Pathology and Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Letra L, Rodrigues T, Matafome P, Santana I, Seiça R. Adiponectin and sporadic Alzheimer's disease: Clinical and molecular links. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 52:1-11. [PMID: 29038028 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been consistently associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) though the exact mechanisms by which it influences cognition are still elusive and subject of current research. Adiponectin, the most abundant adipokine in circulation, is inversely correlated with adipose tissue dysfunction and seems to be a central player in this association. In fact, different signalling pathways are shared by adiponectin and proteins involved in AD pathophysiology and considerable amount of evidence supports its direct and indirect influence on β-amyloid and tau aggregates formation. In this paper we present a critical review of cellular, animal and clinical studies which have contributed to a more thorough understanding of the extent to which adiponectin influences the risk of developing AD as well as its progression. Finally, the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on circulating adiponectin levels, possible therapeutic applications and future research strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Letra
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga - Aveiro, Av. Artur Ravara, 3814-501 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Fawzy Fahim V, Wadie W, Shafik AN, Ishak Attallah M. Role of simvastatin and insulin in memory protection in a rat model of diabetes mellitus and dementia. Brain Res Bull 2019; 144:21-27. [PMID: 30395886 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Joly-Amado A, Gratuze M, Benderradji H, Vieau D, Buée L, Blum D. [Brain insulin signaling and Tau: impact for Alzheimer's disease and Tauopathies]. Med Sci (Paris) 2018; 34:929-935. [PMID: 30526837 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2018238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease primarily characterized by cognitive deficits and neuropathological lesions such as Tau aggregates and amyloid plaques, but also associated with metabolic and neuroendocrine abnormalities, such as impairment of cerebral insulin. However, the origin of these symptoms and their relationship to pathology and cognitive disorders remain poorly understood. Insulin is a hormone involved in the control of peripheral and central energy homeostasis, and insulin-resistant state has been linked to increased risk of dementia. It is now well established that brain insulin resistance can exacerbate Tau lesions. Conversely, recent data indicate that Tau protein can modulate insulin signalling in the brain, creating a vicious circle precipitating the pathological AD. This review aims to highlight our current understanding of the role of insulin in the brain and its relationship with Tau protein in the context of AD and Tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Joly-Amado
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, États-Unis
| | - Maud Gratuze
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'université Laval de Québec, axe neurosciences, université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Hamza Benderradji
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc, « Alzheimer & Tauopathies », LabEx DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Didier Vieau
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc, « Alzheimer & Tauopathies », LabEx DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc, « Alzheimer & Tauopathies », LabEx DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc, « Alzheimer & Tauopathies », LabEx DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
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Zhu H, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Shu X, Wang W, Wang D, Yang Y, He Z, Wang X, Ying Y. GSK3β-mediated tau hyperphosphorylation triggers diabetic retinal neurodegeneration by disrupting synaptic and mitochondrial functions. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:62. [PMID: 30466464 PMCID: PMC6251088 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although diabetic retinopathy (DR) has long been considered as a microvascular disorder, mounting evidence suggests that diabetic retinal neurodegeneration, in particular synaptic loss and dysfunction of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) may precede retinal microvascular changes. Key molecules involved in this process remain poorly defined. The microtubule-associated protein tau is a critical mediator of neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, the effect of tau, if any, in the context of diabetes-induced retinal neurodegeneration has yet to be ascertained. Here, we investigate the changes and putative roles of endogeneous tau in diabetic retinal neurodegeneration. Methods To this aim, we combine clinically used electrophysiological techniques, i.e. pattern electroretinogram and visual evoked potential, and molecular analyses in a well characterized high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse diabetes model in vivo and primary retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in vitro. Results We demonstrate for the first time that tau hyperphosphorylation via GSK3β activation causes vision deficits and synapse loss of RGCs in HFD-induced DR, which precedes retinal microvasculopathy and RGCs apoptosis. Moreover, intravitreal administration of an siRNA targeting to tau or a specific inhibitor of GSK3β reverses synapse loss and restores visual function of RGCs by attenuating tau hyperphosphorylation within a certain time frame of DR. The cellular mechanisms by which hyperphosphorylated tau induces synapse loss of RGCs upon glucolipotoxicity include i) destabilizing microtubule tracks and impairing microtubule-dependent synaptic targeting of cargoes such as mRNA and mitochondria; ii) disrupting synaptic energy production through mitochondria in a GSK3β-dependent manner. Conclusions Our study proposes mild retinal tauopathy as a new pathophysiological model for DR and tau as a novel therapeutic target to counter diabetic RGCs neurodegeneration occurring before retinal vasculature abnormalities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13024-018-0295-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhang Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingsheng Shu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Wencong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510064, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510064, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun He
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
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Geijselaers SLC, Aalten P, Ramakers IHGB, De Deyn PP, Heijboer AC, Koek HL, OldeRikkert MGM, Papma JM, Reesink FE, Smits LL, Stehouwer CDA, Teunissen CE, Verhey FRJ, van der Flier WM, Biessels GJ. Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Insulin with Cognitive Performance and CSF Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:309-320. [PMID: 29154275 PMCID: PMC5734123 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Abnormal insulin signaling in the brain has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: To evaluate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) insulin levels are associated with cognitive performance and CSF amyloid-β and Tau. Additionally, we explore whether any such association differs by sex or APOE ɛ4 genotype. Methods: From 258 individuals participating in the Parelsnoer Institute Neurodegenerative Diseases, a nationwide multicenter memory clinic population, we selected 138 individuals (mean age 66±9 years, 65.2% male) diagnosed with subjective cognitive impairment (n = 45), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (n = 44), or AD (n = 49), who completed a neuropsychological assessment, including tests of global cognition and memory performance, and who underwent lumbar puncture. We measured CSF levels of insulin, amyloid-β1-42, total (t-)Tau, and phosphorylated (p-)Tau. Results: CSF insulin levels did not differ between the diagnostic groups (p = 0.136). Across the whole study population, CSF insulin was unrelated to cognitive performance and CSF biomarkers of AD, after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes status, and clinic site (all p≥0.131). Importantly, however, we observed effect modification by sex and APOE ɛ4 genotype. Specifically, among women, higher insulin levels in the CSF were associated with worse global cognition (standardized regression coefficient –0.483; p = 0.008) and higher p-Tau levels (0.353; p = 0.040). Among non-carriers of the APOE ɛ4 allele, higher CSF insulin was associated with higher t-Tau (0.287; p = 0.008) and p-Tau (0.246; p = 0.029). Conclusion: Our findings provide further evidence for a relationship between brain insulin signaling and AD pathology. It also highlights the need to consider sex and APOE ɛ4 genotype when assessing the role of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan L C Geijselaers
- Departments of Neurology and Geriatrics Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline Aalten
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Inez H G B Ramakers
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Centre, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke C Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huiberdina L Koek
- Departments of Neurology and Geriatrics Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel G M OldeRikkert
- Radboudumc Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Janne M Papma
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fransje E Reesink
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Centre, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lieke L Smits
- Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frans R J Verhey
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Duarte A, Santos M, Oliveira C, Moreira P. Brain insulin signalling, glucose metabolism and females' reproductive aging: A dangerous triad in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2018; 136:223-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Insulin-signaling Pathway Regulates the Degradation of Amyloid β-protein via Astrocytes. Neuroscience 2018; 385:227-236. [PMID: 29932983 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been considered as a metabolic dysfunction disease associated with impaired insulin signaling. Determining the mechanisms underlying insulin signaling dysfunction and resistance in AD will be important for its treatment. Impaired clearance of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) significantly contributes to amyloid accumulation, which is typically observed in the brain of AD patients. Reduced expression of important Aβ-degrading enzymes in the brain, such as neprilysin (NEP) and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), can promote Aβ deposition in sporadic late-onset AD patients. Here, we investigated whether insulin regulates the degradation of Aβ by inducing expression of NEP and IDE in cultured astrocytes. Treatment of astrocytes with insulin significantly reduced cellular NEP levels, but increased IDE expression. The effects of insulin on the expression of NEP and IDE involved activation of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated pathway. The reduction in cellular NEP levels was associated with NEP secretion into the culture medium, whereas IDE was increased in the cell membranes. Moreover, insulin-treated astrocytes significantly facilitated the degradation of exogenous Aβ within the culture medium. Interestingly, pretreatment of astrocytes with an ERK inhibitor prior to insulin exposure markedly inhibited insulin-induced degradation of Aβ. These results suggest that insulin exposure enhanced Aβ degradation via an increase in NEP secretion and IDE expression in astrocytes, via activation of the ERK-mediated pathway. The inhibition of insulin signaling pathways delayed Aβ degradation by attenuating alterations in NEP and IDE levels and competition with insulin and Aβ. Our results provide further insight into the pathological relevance of insulin resistance in AD development.
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Batkulwar K, Godbole R, Banarjee R, Kassaar O, Williams RJ, Kulkarni MJ. Advanced Glycation End Products Modulate Amyloidogenic APP Processing and Tau Phosphorylation: A Mechanistic Link between Glycation and the Development of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:988-1000. [PMID: 29384651 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as they induce neurodegeneration following interaction with the receptor for AGE (RAGE). This study aimed to establish a mechanistic link between AGE-RAGE signaling and AD pathology. AGE-induced changes in the neuro2a proteome were monitored by SWATH-MS. Western blotting and cell-based reporter assays were used to investigate AGE-RAGE regulated APP processing and tau phosphorylation in primary cortical neurons. Selected protein expression was validated in brain samples affected by AD. The AGE-RAGE axis altered proteome included increased expression of cathepsin B and asparagine endopeptidase (AEP), which mediated an increase in Aβ1-42 formation and tau phosphorylation, respectively. Elevated cathepsin B, AEP, RAGE, and pTau levels were found in human AD brain, coincident with enhanced AGEs. This study demonstrates that the AGE-RAGE axis regulates Aβ1-42 formation and tau phosphorylation via increased cathepsin B and AEP, providing a new molecular link between AGEs and AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar Batkulwar
- Proteomics Facility, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Rashmi Godbole
- Proteomics Facility, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Reema Banarjee
- Proteomics Facility, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Omar Kassaar
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Robert J. Williams
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Mahesh J. Kulkarni
- Proteomics Facility, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Nahon-Crystal E, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Gupta R. VDAC1, mitochondrial dysfunction, and Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:87-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Benedict C, Grillo CA. Insulin Resistance as a Therapeutic Target in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:215. [PMID: 29743868 PMCID: PMC5932355 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in animals and humans has shown that type 2 diabetes and its prodromal state, insulin resistance, promote major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Worrisomely, dysregulated amyloid beta (Aβ) metabolism has also been shown to promote central nervous system insulin resistance; although the role of tau metabolism remains controversial. Collectively, as proposed in this review, these findings suggest the existence of a mechanistic interplay between AD pathogenesis and disrupted insulin signaling. They also provide strong support for the hypothesis that pharmacologically restoring brain insulin signaling could represent a promising strategy to curb the development and progression of AD. In this context, great hopes have been attached to the use of intranasal insulin. This drug delivery method increases cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of insulin in the absence of peripheral side effects, such as hypoglycemia. With this in mind, the present review will also summarize current knowledge on the efficacy of intranasal insulin to mitigate major pathological symptoms of AD, i.e., cognitive impairment and deregulation of Aβ and tau metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia A Grillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina-School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
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Zhang S, Chai R, Yang YY, Guo SQ, Wang S, Guo T, Xu SF, Zhang YH, Wang ZY, Guo C. Chronic diabetic states worsen Alzheimer neuropathology and cognitive deficits accompanying disruption of calcium signaling in leptin-deficient APP/PS1 mice. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43617-43634. [PMID: 28467789 PMCID: PMC5546429 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coincidences between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are so compelling that it is attractive to speculate that diabetic conditions might aggravate AD pathologies by calcium dysfunction, although the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved remains elusive. The present work was undertaken to investigate whether calcium dyshomeostasis is associated with the exacerbated Alzheimer-like cognitive dysfunction observed in diabetic conditions in APP/PS1-ob/ob mice, which were generated by crossing ob/ob mice with APP/PS1 mice. We confirmed that the diabetic condition can aggravate not only Aβ deposition but also tau phosphorylation, synaptic loss, neuronal death, and inflammation, exacerbating cognitive impairment in AD mice. More importantly, we found that the diabetic condition dramatically elevated calcium levels in APP/PS1 mice, thereby stimulating the phosphorylation of the calcium-dependent kinases. Our findings suggest that controlling over-elevation of intracellular calcium may provide novel insights for approaching AD in diabetic patients and delaying AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Chai
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-Qi Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang-Feng Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Hui Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Zhao RR, O'Sullivan AJ, Fiatarone Singh MA. Exercise or physical activity and cognitive function in adults with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance or impaired glucose tolerance: a systematic review. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2018; 15:1. [PMID: 29387262 PMCID: PMC5776769 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-018-0190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is an important risk factor for cognitive impairment. Although some studies suggest that physical exercise can minimize age-related cognitive declines or improve brain morphology or function, benefits in diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance are unclear. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of exercise or physical activity on cognition in adults with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance or impaired glucose tolerance. Methods An electronic search for studies published from the earliest record until February 2017 was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Any experimental or observational study designs were included, as long as they were conducted in individuals of any age with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance or impaired glucose tolerance, and they directly examined exercise/physical activity effects on cognitive outcomes or the relationship between changes in cognition and changes in either insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale; data on participant and intervention characteristics and outcomes were extracted. Results Six studies enrolling 2289 participants met the eligibility criteria. Quality was modest and effect sizes variable and mostly small or negligible. Overall, four of the six studies (67%) reported significant benefits of greater exercise/physical activity participation for some aspects of cognition, but only 26% of cognitive outcomes were significant across all trials. Clinical improvements in insulin resistance/glucose homeostasis were related to improvements in cognitive function in three studies. Overall results were inconsistent, with benefits varying across exercise types and cognitive domains. Conclusions Literature does not provide evidence that physical activity or exercise interventions contribute to a better cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Large-scale, long-term, robust randomized controlled trials are required to determine if exercise improves cognition in this high-risk cohort, and to investigate putative mechanistic links between cognition, body composition, metabolism, and inflammation in diabetes and related metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Ru Zhao
- 1Exercise, Health, and Performance Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW 2141 Australia.,4Clinical Rehabilitation Centre, University of Longyan, Longyan, Fujian Province 364012 China
| | | | - Maria A Fiatarone Singh
- 1Exercise, Health, and Performance Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW 2141 Australia.,2Hebrew SeniorLife and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
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Yashkin AP, Akushevich I, Ukraintseva S, Yashin A. The Effect of Adherence to Screening Guidelines on the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in Elderly Individuals Newly Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2018; 4:2333721418811201. [PMID: 30450369 PMCID: PMC6236474 DOI: 10.1177/2333721418811201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the possibility that type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease may share common behavioral protective factors such as adherence to type 2 diabetes treatment guidelines given that these two diseases have both epidemiological and metabolic similarities. Method: The method used in this study is a retrospective cohort study of 3,797 U.S. Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 66+ newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and without a prior record of Alzheimer's disease based on the Health and Retirement Study. Results: Results of a left-truncated Cox model showed that adherence reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease by 20% to 24%. Other significant effects were college education (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.65; p value: .023), stroke (HR: 1.40; p value: .013), and 4+ limitations in physical functioning (HR: 1.33; p value: .008). Discussion: Risk of Alzheimer's disease can be reduced by behavioral factors. Possible mechanisms may include earlier start of interventions to reduce blood glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity.
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