1
|
Nheu D, Petratos S. How does Nogo-A signalling influence mitochondrial function during multiple sclerosis pathogenesis? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105767. [PMID: 38885889 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe neurological disorder that involves inflammation in the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve with key disabling neuropathological outcomes being axonal damage and demyelination. When degeneration of the axo-glial union occurs, a consequence of inflammatory damage to central nervous system (CNS) myelin, dystrophy and death can lead to large membranous structures from dead oligodendrocytes and degenerative myelin deposited in the extracellular milieu. For the first time, this review covers mitochondrial mechanisms that may be operative during MS-related neurodegenerative changes directly activated during accumulating extracellular deposits of myelin associated inhibitory factors (MAIFs), that include the potent inhibitor of neurite outgrowth, Nogo-A. Axonal damage may occur when Nogo-A binds to and signals through its cognate receptor, NgR1, a multimeric complex, to initially stall axonal transport and limit the delivery of important growth-dependent cargo and subcellular organelles such as mitochondria for metabolic efficiency at sites of axo-glial disintegration as a consequence of inflammation. Metabolic efficiency in axons fails during active demyelination and progressive neurodegeneration, preceded by stalled transport of functional mitochondria to fuel axo-glial integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danica Nheu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yazdani M. Cellular and Molecular Responses to Mitochondrial DNA Deletions in Kearns-Sayre Syndrome: Some Underlying Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5665-5679. [PMID: 38224444 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a rare multisystem mitochondrial disorder. It is caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) rearrangements, mostly large-scale deletions of 1.1-10 kb. These deletions primarily affect energy supply through impaired oxidative phosphorylation and reduced ATP production. This impairment gives rise to dysfunction of several tissues, in particular those with high energy demand like brain and muscles. Over the past decades, changes in respiratory chain complexes and energy metabolism have been emphasized, whereas little attention has been paid to other reports on ROS overproduction, protein synthesis inhibition, myelin vacuolation, demyelination, autophagy, apoptosis, and involvement of lipid raft and oligodendrocytes in KSS. Therefore, this paper draws attention towards these relatively underemphasized findings that might further clarify the pathologic cascades following deletions in the mtDNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, 0027, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Taira R, Akamine S, Okuzono S, Fujii F, Hatai E, Yonemoto K, Takemoto R, Kato H, Masuda K, Kato TA, Kira R, Tsujimura K, Yamamura K, Ozaki N, Ohga S, Sakai Y. Gnao1 is a molecular switch that regulates the Rho signaling pathway in differentiating neurons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17097. [PMID: 39048611 PMCID: PMC11269603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
GNAO1 encodes G protein subunit alpha O1 (Gαo). Pathogenic variations in GNAO1 cause developmental delay, intractable seizures, and progressive involuntary movements from early infancy. Because the functional role of GNAO1 in the developing brain remains unclear, therapeutic strategies are still unestablished for patients presenting with GNAO1-associated encephalopathy. We herein report that siRNA-mediated depletion of Gnao1 perturbs the expression of transcripts associated with Rho GTPase signaling in Neuro2a cells. Consistently, siRNA treatment hampered neurite outgrowth and extension. Growth cone formation was markedly disrupted in monolayer neurons differentiated from iPSCs from a patient with a pathogenic variant of Gαo (p.G203R). This variant disabled neuro-spherical assembly, acquisition of the organized structure, and polarized signals of phospho-MLC2 in cortical organoids from the patient's iPSCs. We confirmed that the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 restored these morphological phenotypes. Thus, Gαo determines the self-organizing process of the developing brain by regulating the Rho-associated pathway. These data suggest that Rho GTPase pathway might be an alternative target of therapy for patients with GNAO1-associated encephalopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Taira
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akamine
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sayaka Okuzono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eriko Hatai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kousuke Yonemoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Takemoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiji Masuda
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kira
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Tsujimura
- Group of Brain Function and Development, Neuroscience Institute of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
- Research Unit for Developmental Disorders, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Shionogi Pharma Co., Ltd., Settsu, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Yamamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wei Y, Zhou YF, Xiao L, Qin J, Cheng H, Cai H, Chen X, Zou Y, Yang L, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Yang X. Associations of Heavy Metals with Cognitive Function: An Epigenome-Wide View of DNA Methylation and Mediation Analysis. Ann Neurol 2024; 96:87-98. [PMID: 38661228 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to heavy metals has been reported to be associated with impaired cognitive function, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This pilot study aimed to identify key heavy metal elements associated with cognitive function and further explore the potential mediating role of metal-related DNA methylation. METHODS Blood levels of arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper, manganese, and zinc and genome-wide DNA methylations were separately detected in peripheral blood in 155 older adults. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalized regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression were used to identify metals associated with cognitive function. An epigenome-wide association study examined the DNA methylation profile of the identified metal, and mediation analysis investigated its mediating role. RESULTS The MMSE scores showed a significant decrease of 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.64, -0.59) with each 1 standard deviation increase in ln-transformed arsenic level; this association was significant in multiple-metal models and dominated the overall negative effect of 6 heavy metal mixture on cognitive function. Seventy-three differentially methylated positions were associated with blood arsenic (p < 1.0 × 10-5). The methylation levels at cg05226051 (annotated to TDRD3) and cg18886932 (annotated to GAL3ST3) mediated 24.8% and 25.5% of the association between blood arsenic and cognitive function, respectively (all p < 0.05). INTERPRETATION Blood arsenic levels displayed a negative association with the cognitive function of older adults. This finding shows that arsenic-related DNA methylation alterations are critical partial mediators that may serve as potential biomarkers for further mechanism-related studies. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:87-98.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wei
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Feng Zhou
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lili Xiao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Haiqing Cai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang H, Fang F, Jing X, Xu D, Ren Z, Dou S, Xie Y, Zhuang Y. Augmentation of functional recovery via ROCK/PI3K/AKT pathway by Fasudil Hydrochloride in a rat sciatic nerve transection model. J Orthop Translat 2024; 47:74-86. [PMID: 39007038 PMCID: PMC11245988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds The functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury remains unsatisfactory. This study aims to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of Fasudil Hydrochloride at treating the sciatic nerve transection injury in rats and the mechanism involved. Materials and methods In animal experiments, 75 Sprague Dawley rats that underwent transection and repair of the right sciatic nerve were divided into a control, Fasudil, and Fas + LY group, receiving daily intraperitoneal injection of saline, Fasudil Hydrochloride (10 mg/kg), and Fasudil Hydrochloride plus LY294002 (5 mg/kg), respectively. At day 3 after surgery, the expression of ROCK2, p-PI3K, and p-AKT in L4-5 DRG and the lumbosacral enlargement was determined using Western blotting. At day 7 and 14, axon density in the distal stump was evaluated with immunostaining using the anti-Neurofilament-200 antibody. At day 30, retrograde tracing by injecting Fluoro-gold in the distal stump was performed. Three months after surgery, remyelination was analyzed with immostaining using the anti-MPZ antibody and the transmission electron microscope; Moreover, Motion-Evoked Potential, and recovery of sensorimotor functions was evaluated with a neuromonitor, Footprint, Hot Plate and Von Frey Filaments, respectively. Moveover, the Gastrocnemius muscles were weighed, and then underwent H&E staining, and staining of the neuromuscular junction using α-Bungarotoxin to evaluate the extent of atrophy and degeneration of the endplates in the Gastrocnemius. In vitro, spinal motor neurons (SMNs) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were cultured to examine the impact of Fasudil Hydrochloride and LY294002 on the axon outgrowth. Results Three days after injury, the expression of ROCK2 increased significantly (P<0.01), and Fasudil application significantly increased the expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT in L4-6 DRG and the lumbosacral enlargement (P < 0.05). At day 7 and 14 after surgery, a higher axon density could be observed in the Fasudil group(P < 0.05). At day 30 after surgery, a larger number of motor and sensory neurons absorbing Fluoro-gold could be observed in the Fasudil group (P < 0.01) Three months after surgery, a greater thickness of myelin sheath could be observed in the Fasudil group (P < 0.05). The electrophysiological test showed that a larger amplitude of motion-evoked potential could be triggered in the Fasudil group (P < 0.01). Behavioral tests showed that a higher sciatic function index and a lower threshold for reacting to heat and mechanical stimuli could be measured in the Fasudil group. (P < 0.01). The wet weight ratio of the Gastrocnemius muscles and the area of the cross section of its myofibrils were greater in the Fasudil group (P < 0.01), which also demonstrated a higer ratio of axon-endplate connection and a larger size of endplates (P < 0.05). And there were no significant differences for the abovementioned parameters between the control and Fas + LY groups (P>0.05). In vitro studies showed that Fasudil could significantly promote axon growth in DRG and SMNs, and increase the expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT, which could be abolished by LY294002 (P < 0.05). Conclusions Fasudil can augment axon regeneration and remyelination, and functional recovery after sciatic nerve injury by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. The translational potential of this article The translation potential of this article is that we report for the first time that Fasudil Hydrochloride has a remarkable efficacy at improving axon regeneration and remyelination following a transection injury of the right sciatic nerve in rats through the ROCK/PI3K/AKT pathway, which has a translational potential to be used clinically to treat peripheral nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
- Department of Orthopedics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of pharmacology, Fujian medical university, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xing Jing
- Fujian Key Laboratory of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, institute of clinical applied anatomy, the school of basic medical sciences, Fujian medical university, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, institute of clinical applied anatomy, the school of basic medical sciences, Fujian medical university, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenyu Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
- Department of Orthopedics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Shuang Dou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, institute of clinical applied anatomy, the school of basic medical sciences, Fujian medical university, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
- Department of Orthopedics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Yuehong Zhuang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, institute of clinical applied anatomy, the school of basic medical sciences, Fujian medical university, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Etebar N, Naderpour S, Akbari S, Zali A, Akhlaghdoust M, Daghighi SM, Baghani M, Sefat F, Hamidi SH, Rahimzadegan M. Impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on brain renin angiotensin system related signaling and its subsequent complications on brain: A theoretical perspective. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 138:102423. [PMID: 38705215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cellular ACE2 (cACE2), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), possesses catalytic activity to maintain AngII and Ang 1-7 balance, which is necessary to prevent harmful effects of AngII/AT2R and promote protective pathways of Ang (1-7)/MasR and Ang (1-7)/AT2R. Hemostasis of the brain-RAS is essential for maintaining normal central nervous system (CNS) function. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a viral disease that causes multi-organ dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2 mainly uses cACE2 to enter the cells and cause its downregulation. This, in turn, prevents the conversion of Ang II to Ang (1-7) and disrupts the normal balance of brain-RAS. Brain-RAS disturbances give rise to one of the pathological pathways in which SARS-CoV-2 suppresses neuroprotective pathways and induces inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Finally, these impairments lead to neuroinflammation, neuronal injury, and neurological complications. In conclusion, the influence of RAS on various processes within the brain has significant implications for the neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19. These effects include sensory disturbances, such as olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, as well as cerebrovascular and brain stem-related disorders, all of which are intertwined with disruptions in the RAS homeostasis of the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Etebar
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy - Eastern Mediterranean University Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Saghi Naderpour
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy - Eastern Mediterranean University Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Setareh Akbari
- Neuroscience and Research Committee, School of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zali
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Akhlaghdoust
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; USERN Office, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Daghighi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Baghani
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Seyed Hootan Hamidi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Acharya BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Milad Rahimzadegan
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sands I, Demarco R, Thurber L, Esteban-Linares A, Song D, Meng E, Chen Y. Interface-Mediated Neurogenic Signaling: The Impact of Surface Geometry and Chemistry on Neural Cell Behavior for Regenerative and Brain-Machine Interfacing Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401750. [PMID: 38961531 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterial advancements have driven progress in central and peripheral nervous system applications such as tissue regeneration and brain-machine interfacing. Ideally, neural interfaces with native tissue shall seamlessly integrate, a process that is often mediated by the interfacial material properties. Surface topography and material chemistry are significant extracellular stimuli that can influence neural cell behavior to facilitate tissue integration and augment therapeutic outcomes. This review characterizes topographical modifications, including micropillars, microchannels, surface roughness, and porosity, implemented on regenerative scaffolding and brain-machine interfaces. Their impact on neural cell response is summarized through neurogenic outcome and mechanistic analysis. The effects of surface chemistry on neural cell signaling with common interfacing compounds like carbon-based nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and biologically inspired matrices are also reviewed. Finally, the impact of these extracellular mediated neural cues on intracellular signaling cascades is discussed to provide perspective on the manipulation of neuron and neuroglia cell microenvironments to drive therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Sands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Ryan Demarco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Laura Thurber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Alberto Esteban-Linares
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Dong Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ellis Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
KIRIŞ İ, KARAYEL BAŞAR M, GÜREL B, MROCZEK T, BAYKAL AT. O-demethyl galantamine alters protein expression in cerebellum of 5xFAD mice. Turk J Biol 2024; 48:163-173. [PMID: 39050707 PMCID: PMC11265889 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0152.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common health issues, is characterized by memory loss, severe behavioral disorders, and eventually death. Despite many studies, there are still no drugs that can treat AD or stop it from progressing. Previous in vitro tests showed that O-demethyl galantamine (ODG) might have therapeutic potential owing to its 10 times higher acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity than galantamine (GAL). Materials and methods We aimed to assess the effect of ODG at the molecular level in a 12-month-old 5xFAD Alzheimer's mouse model. To this end, following the administrations of ODG and GAL (used as a positive control), protein alterations were investigated in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum regions of the brain. Surprisingly, GAL altered proteins prominently in the cortex, while ODG exclusively exerted its effect on the cerebellum. Results GNB1, GNB2, NDUFS6, PAK2, and RhoA proteins were identified as the top 5 hub proteins in the cerebellum of ODG-treated mice. Reregulation of these proteins through Ras signaling and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling pathways, which were found to be enriched, might contribute to reversing AD-induced molecular changes. Conclusion We suggest that, since it targets specifically the cerebellum, ODG may be further evaluated for combination therapies for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İrem KIRIŞ
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Merve KARAYEL BAŞAR
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Büşra GÜREL
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, SUNUM, Sabancı University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Tomasz MROCZEK
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin,
Poland
| | - Ahmet Tarık BAYKAL
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Semenov GA, Sonnenberg BR, Branch CL, Heinen VK, Welklin JF, Padula SR, Patel AM, Bridge ES, Pravosudov VV, Taylor SA. Genes and gene networks underlying spatial cognition in food-caching chickadees. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1930-1939.e4. [PMID: 38636515 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Substantial progress has been made in understanding the genetic architecture of phenotypes involved in a variety of evolutionary processes. Behavioral genetics remains, however, among the least understood. We explore the genetic architecture of spatial cognitive abilities in a wild passerine bird, the mountain chickadee (Poecile gambeli). Mountain chickadees cache thousands of seeds in the fall and require specialized spatial memory to recover these caches throughout the winter. We previously showed that variation in spatial cognition has a direct effect on fitness and has a genetic basis. It remains unknown which specific genes and developmental pathways are particularly important for shaping spatial cognition. To further dissect the genetic basis of spatial cognitive abilities, we combine experimental quantification of spatial cognition in wild chickadees with whole-genome sequencing of 162 individuals, a new chromosome-scale reference genome, and species-specific gene annotation. We have identified a set of genes and developmental pathways that play a key role in creating variation in spatial cognition and found that the mechanism shaping cognitive variation is consistent with selection against mildly deleterious non-coding mutations. Although some candidate genes were organized into connected gene networks, about half do not have shared regulation, highlighting that multiple independent developmental or physiological mechanisms contribute to variation in spatial cognitive abilities. A large proportion of the candidate genes we found are associated with synaptic plasticity, an intriguing result that leads to the hypothesis that certain genetic variants create antagonism between behavioral plasticity and long-term memory, each providing distinct benefits depending on ecological context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgy A Semenov
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Benjamin R Sonnenberg
- Department of Biology and Evolution, Ecology Evolution and Conservation Biology Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Carrie L Branch
- Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Virginia K Heinen
- Department of Biology and Evolution, Ecology Evolution and Conservation Biology Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Joseph F Welklin
- Department of Biology and Evolution, Ecology Evolution and Conservation Biology Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Sara R Padula
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ajay M Patel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Eli S Bridge
- Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Vladimir V Pravosudov
- Department of Biology and Evolution, Ecology Evolution and Conservation Biology Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Scott A Taylor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Udine E, DeJesus-Hernandez M, Tian S, das Neves SP, Crook R, Finch NA, Baker MC, Pottier C, Graff-Radford NR, Boeve BF, Petersen RC, Knopman DS, Josephs KA, Oskarsson B, Da Mesquita S, Petrucelli L, Gendron TF, Dickson DW, Rademakers R, van Blitterswijk M. Abundant transcriptomic alterations in the human cerebellum of patients with a C9orf72 repeat expansion. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:73. [PMID: 38641715 PMCID: PMC11031479 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The most prominent genetic cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a repeat expansion in the gene C9orf72. Importantly, the transcriptomic consequences of the C9orf72 repeat expansion remain largely unclear. Here, we used short-read RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to profile the cerebellar transcriptome, detecting alterations in patients with a C9orf72 repeat expansion. We focused on the cerebellum, since key C9orf72-related pathologies are abundant in this neuroanatomical region, yet TDP-43 pathology and neuronal loss are minimal. Consistent with previous work, we showed a reduction in the expression of the C9orf72 gene and an elevation in homeobox genes, when comparing patients with the expansion to both patients without the C9orf72 repeat expansion and control subjects. Interestingly, we identified more than 1000 alternative splicing events, including 4 in genes previously associated with ALS and/or FTLD. We also found an increase of cryptic splicing in C9orf72 patients compared to patients without the expansion and controls. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the expression level of select RNA-binding proteins is associated with cryptic splice junction inclusion. Overall, this study explores the presence of widespread transcriptomic changes in the cerebellum, a region not confounded by severe neurodegeneration, in post-mortem tissue from C9orf72 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Udine
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Shulan Tian
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Richard Crook
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - NiCole A Finch
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Matthew C Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Cyril Pottier
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Björn Oskarsson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sandro Da Mesquita
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Tania F Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marka van Blitterswijk
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang L, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J, Zhou H. Multi-ancestry Whole-exome Sequencing Study of Alcohol Use Disorder in Two Cohorts. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.05.24305412. [PMID: 38645055 PMCID: PMC11030482 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.24305412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. There has been substantial progress in identifying genetic variants underlying AUD. However, there are few whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies of AUD. We analyzed WES of 4,530 samples from the Yale-Penn cohort and 469,835 samples from the UK Biobank (UKB). After quality control, 1,420 AUD cases and 619 controls of European ancestry (EUR) and 1,142 cases and 608 controls of African ancestry (AFR) from Yale-Penn were retained for subsequent analyses. WES data from 415,617 EUR samples (12,861 cases), 6,142 AFR samples (130 cases) and 4,607 South Asian (SAS) samples (130 cases) from UKB were also analyzed. Single-variant association analysis identified the well-known functional variant rs1229984 in ADH1B ( P =4.88×10 -31 ) and several other common variants in ADH1C . Gene-based tests identified ADH1B ( P =1.00×10 -31 ), ADH1C ( P =5.23×10 -7 ), CNST ( P =1.19×10 -6 ), and IFIT5 (3.74×10 -6 ). This study extends our understanding of the genetic basis of AUD.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yao H, Shen Y, Song Z, Han A, Chen X, Zhang Y, Hu B. Rab11 promotes single Mauthner cell axon regeneration in vivo through axon guidance molecule Ntng2b. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114715. [PMID: 38325655 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Effective axon regeneration within the central nervous system (CNS) is pivotal for achieving functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). Numerous extrinsic and intrinsic factors exert influences on the axon regeneration. While prior studies have demonstrated crucial involvement of specific members the Rab protein family in axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the precise function of Rab11 in CNS axon regeneration in vivo remains elusive. Thus, our study aimed to elucidate the impact of Rab11 on the axon regeneration of Mauthner cells (M-cells) in zebrafish larvae. Our findings demonstrated that overexpression of Rab11bb via single-cell electroporation significantly promoted axon regeneration in individual M-cells. Conversely, knockdown of Rab11bb inhibited the axon regeneration of M-cells. RNA-seq analysis revealed an upregulation of ntng2b following Rab11bb overexpression. As we hypothesized, overexpression of Ntng2b markedly enhanced axon regeneration, while Ntng2b knockdown in the context of Rab11bb pro-regeneration substantially hindered axon regrowth. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Rab11 promotes axon regeneration of single M-cell in the CNS through the Rab11/axon guidance/Ntng2b pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaitong Yao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Yueru Shen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Zheng Song
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Along Han
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Xinghan Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Bing Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bu F, Min JW, Razzaque MA, El Hamamy A, Patrizz A, Qi L, Urayama A, Li J. Activation of cerebral Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac) 1 promotes post-ischemic stroke functional recovery in aged mice. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:881-886. [PMID: 37843224 PMCID: PMC10664129 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain functional impairment after stroke is common; however, the molecular mechanisms of post-stroke recovery remain unclear. It is well-recognized that age is the most important independent predictor of poor outcomes after stroke as older patients show poorer functional outcomes following stroke. Mounting evidence suggests that axonal regeneration and angiogenesis, the major forms of brain plasticity responsible for post-stroke recovery, diminished with advanced age. Previous studies suggest that Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac) 1 enhances stroke recovery as activation of Rac1 improved behavior recovery in a young mice stroke model. Here, we investigated the role of Rac1 signaling in long-term functional recovery and brain plasticity in an aged (male, 18 to 22 months old C57BL/6J) brain after ischemic stroke. We found that as mice aged, Rac1 expression declined in the brain. Delayed overexpression of Rac1, using lentivirus encoding Rac1 injected day 1 after ischemic stroke, promoted cognitive (assessed using novel object recognition test) and sensorimotor (assessed using adhesive removal tests) recovery on days 14-28. This was accompanied by the increase of neurite and proliferative endothelial cells in the peri-infarct zone assessed by immunostaining. In a reverse approach, pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 by intraperitoneal injection of Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 for 14 successive days after ischemic stroke worsened the outcome with the reduction of neurite and proliferative endothelial cells. Furthermore, Rac1 inhibition reduced the activation of p21-activated kinase 1, the protein level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and increased the protein level of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the ischemic brain on day 28 after stroke. Our work provided insight into the mechanisms behind the diminished plasticity after cerebral ischemia in aged brains and identified Rac1 as a potential therapeutic target for improving functional recovery in the older adults after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Bu
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology & Psychology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-Wei Min
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Md Abdur Razzaque
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmad El Hamamy
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony Patrizz
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Qi
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Akihiko Urayama
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Machado JPD, de Almeida V, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC, Crippa JA, Vieira AS. Cannabidiol modulates hippocampal genes involved in mitochondrial function, ribosome biogenesis, synapse organization, and chromatin modifications. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38528655 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2024.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main cannabinoids present in Cannabis sativa female flowers. Previous investigation has already provided insights into the CBD molecular mechanism; however, there is no transcriptome data for CBD effects on hippocampal subfields. Here, we investigate transcriptomic changes in dorsal and ventral CA1 of adult mice hippocampus after 100 mg/kg of CBD administration (i.p.) for one or seven consecutive days. METHODS C57BL/6JUnib mice were treated with either vehicle or CBD for 1 or 7 days. The collected brains were sectioned, and the hippocampal sub-regions were laser microdissected for RNA-Seq analysis. RESULTS The transcriptome analysis following 7 days of CBD administration indicates the differential expression of 1559 genes in dCA1 and 2924 genes in vCA1. Furthermore, GO/KEGG analysis identified 88 significantly enriched biological process and 26 significantly enriched pathways for dCBD7, whereas vCBD7 revealed 128 enriched BPs and 24 pathways. CONCLUSION This dataset indicates a widespread decrease of electron transport chain and ribosome biogenesis transcripts in CA1, while chromatin modifications and synapse organization transcripts were increased following CBD administration for 7 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João P D Machado
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Neurobiology and Behaviour, Dept Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria de Almeida
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics,, Dept Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinsas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio W Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology - Translational Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology - Translational Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology - Translational Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André S Vieira
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Neurobiology and Behaviour, Dept Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bischof L, Schweitzer F, Heinisch JJ. Functional Conservation of the Small GTPase Rho5/Rac1-A Tale of Yeast and Men. Cells 2024; 13:472. [PMID: 38534316 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases are molecular switches that participate in many essential cellular processes. Amongst them, human Rac1 was first described for its role in regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell migration, with a close relation to carcinogenesis. More recently, the role of Rac1 in regulating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), both as a subunit of NADPH oxidase complexes and through its association with mitochondrial functions, has drawn attention. Malfunctions in this context affect cellular plasticity and apoptosis, related to neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. Some of these features of Rac1 are conserved in its yeast homologue Rho5. Here, we review the structural and functional similarities and differences between these two evolutionary distant proteins and propose yeast as a useful model and a device for high-throughput screens for specific drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linnet Bischof
- AG Genetik, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Franziska Schweitzer
- AG Genetik, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Heinisch
- AG Genetik, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee YJ, Rio DC. A mutation in the low-complexity domain of splicing factor hnRNPA1 linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disrupts distinct neuronal RNA splicing networks. Genes Dev 2024; 38:11-30. [PMID: 38182429 PMCID: PMC10903937 DOI: 10.1101/gad.351104.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of motor neurons. Human genetic studies have linked mutations in RNA-binding proteins as causative for this disease. The hnRNPA1 protein, a known pre-mRNA splicing factor, is mutated in some ALS patients. Here, two human cell models were generated to investigate how a mutation in the C-terminal low-complexity domain (LCD) of hnRNPA1 can cause splicing changes of thousands of transcripts that collectively are linked to the DNA damage response, cilium organization, and translation. We show that the hnRNPA1 D262V mutant protein binds to new binding sites on differentially spliced transcripts from genes that are linked to ALS. We demonstrate that this ALS-linked hnRNPA1 mutation alters normal RNA-dependent protein-protein interactions. Furthermore, cells expressing this hnRNPA1 mutant exhibit a cell aggregation phenotype, markedly reduced growth rates, changes in stress granule kinetics, and aberrant growth of neuronal processes. This study provides insight into how a single amino acid mutation in a splicing factor can alter RNA splicing networks of genes linked to ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon J Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Donald C Rio
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fernandes HDB, Oliveira BDS, Machado CA, Carvalho BC, de Brito Toscano EC, da Silva MCM, Vieira ÉLM, de Oliveira ACP, Teixeira AL, de Miranda AS, da Silva AM. Behavioral, neurochemical and neuroimmune features of RasGEF1b deficient mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110908. [PMID: 38048936 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The factor RasGEF1b is a Ras guanine exchange factor involved in immune responses. Studies have also implicated RasGEF1b in the CNS development. It is still limited the understanding of the role of RasGEF1b in CNS functioning. Using RasGEF1b deficient mice (RasGEF1b-cKO), we investigated the impact of this gene deletion in behavior, cognition, brain neurochemistry and microglia morphology. We showed that RasGEF1b-cKO mice display spontaneous hyperlocomotion and anhedonia. RasGEF1b-cKO mice also exhibited compulsive-like behavior that was restored after acute treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine (5 mg/kg). A down-regulation of mRNA of dopamine receptor (Drd1, Drd2, Drd4 and Drd5) and serotonin receptor genes (5Htr1a, 5Htr1b and 5Htr1d) was observed in hippocampus of RasGEF1b-cKO mice. These mice also had reduction of Drd1 and Drd2 in prefrontal cortex and 5Htr1d in striatum. In addition, morphological alterations were observed in RasGEF1b deficient microglia along with decreased levels of hippocampal BDNF. We provided original evidence that the deletion of RasGEF1b leads to unique behavioral features, implicating this factor in CNS functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heliana de Barros Fernandes
- Laboratório de Genes Inflamatórios, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Bruna da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline Amaral Machado
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Brener Cunha Carvalho
- Laboratório de Genes Inflamatórios, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eliana Cristina de Brito Toscano
- Laboratório Integrado de Pesquisas em Patologia, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Av. Eugênio do Nascimento, s/n°, Dom Bosco, CEP: 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina M da Silva
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Érica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center of Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Antônio Carlos Pinheiro de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Departament of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science McGovern School, Behavioral and Biomedical Sciences Building (BBSB), The University of Texas Health Science Center, 941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, United States of America
| | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Aristóbolo Mendes da Silva
- Laboratório de Genes Inflamatórios, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu Y, Zhao Y, Liao X, Zhou S, Guo X, Yang L, Lv B. PD-1 deficiency aggravates spinal cord injury by regulating the reprogramming of NG2 glia and activating the NgR/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2024; 114:110978. [PMID: 37972801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disorder and a leading cause of disability in adults worldwide. Multiple studies have reported the upregulation of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) following SCI. However, the underlying mechanism of PD-1 deficiency in SCI is not well established. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role and potential mechanism of PD-1 in SCI pathogenesis. PD-1 Knockout (KO) SCI mouse model was established, and PD-1 expression was evaluated in tissue samples by western blot assay. We then used a series of function gain-and-loss assays to determine the role of PD-1 in SCI pathogenesis. Moreover, mechanistic assays were performed to explore the association between PD-1, neuron-glia antigen-2 (NG2) glia cells, and miR-23b-5p and then investigated the involved signaling pathway. Results illustrated that PD-1 deficiency enhanced the inflammatory response, neuron loss, and functional impairment induced by SCI. We found that NG2 glia depletion aggravated inflammation, reduced neural survival, and suppressed locomotor recovery in murine SCI model. Further analysis indicated that NG2+ cells were increased in the spinal cord of SCI mice, and PD-1 deficiency increased the number of NG2+ cells by activating the Nogo receptor/ras homolog family member A/Rho kinase (NgR/RhoA/ROCK) signaling. Mechanistically, miR-23b-5p was identified as the negative regulator of PD-1 in NG2 glia. MiR-23b-5p deficiency reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, enhanced neural survival, and promoted locomotor recovery in SCI mice, which was counteracted by PD-1 deficiency. In conclusion, PD-1 deficiency exacerbates SCI in vivo by regulating reprogramming of NG2 glia and activating the NgR/RhoA/ROCK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xinyuan Liao
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Shengyuan Zhou
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Bitao Lv
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mirzahosseini G, Ismael S, Salman M, Kumar S, Ishrat T. Genetic and Pharmacological Modulation of P75 Neurotrophin Receptor Attenuate Brain Damage After Ischemic Stroke in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:276-293. [PMID: 37606717 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03550-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The precursor nerve growth factor (ProNGF) and its receptor p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) are upregulated in several brain diseases, including ischemic stroke. The activation of p75NTR is associated with neuronal apoptosis and inflammation. Thus, we hypothesized that p75NTR modulation attenuates brain damage and improves functional outcomes after ischemic stroke. Two sets of experiments were performed. (1) Adult wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to intraluminal suture-middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to induce cerebral ischemia. Pharmacological inhibitor of p75NTR, LM11A-31 (50 mg/kg), or normal saline was administered intraperitoneally (IP) 1 h post-MCAO, and animals survived for 24 h. (2) Adult p75NTR heterozygous knockout (p75NTR+/-) and WT were subjected to photothrombotic (pMCAO) to induce ischemic stroke, and the animals survived for 72 h. The sensory-motor function of animals was measured using Catwalk XT. The brain samples were collected to assess infarction volume, edema, hemorrhagic transformation, neuroinflammation, and signaling pathway at 24 and 72 h after the stroke. The findings described that pharmacological inhibition and genetic knocking down of p75NTR reduce infarction size, edema, and hemorrhagic transformation following ischemic stroke. Additionally, p75NTR modulation significantly decreased several anti-apoptosis markers and improved sensory motor function compared to the WT mice following ischemic stroke. Our observations exhibit that the involvement of p75NTR in ischemic stroke and modulation of p75NTR could improve the outcome of ischemic stroke by increasing cell survival and enhancing motor performance. LM11A-31 has the potential to be a promising therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke. However, more evidence is needed to illuminate the efficacy of LM11A-31 in ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golnoush Mirzahosseini
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, TN, 38163, Memphis, USA
| | - Saifudeen Ismael
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, LA, 70112, New Orleans, USA
| | - Mohd Salman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, TN, 38163, Memphis, USA
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, TN, 38163, Memphis, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Korczeniewska OA, Husain S, Hoque M, Soteropoulos P, Khan J, Eliav E, Benoliel R. Time-Course Progression of Whole Transcriptome Expression Changes of Trigeminal Ganglia Compared to Dorsal Root Ganglia in Rats Exposed to Nerve Injury. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:101-117. [PMID: 37524222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain (NP) are complex with multiple genes, their interactions, environmental and epigenetic factors being implicated. Transcriptional changes in the trigeminal (TG) and dorsal root (DRG) ganglia have been implicated in the development and maintenance of NP. Despite efforts to unravel molecular mechanisms of NP, many remain unknown. Also, most of the studies focused on the spinal system. Although the spinal and trigeminal systems share some of the molecular mechanisms, differences exist. We used RNA-sequencing technology to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the TG and DRG at baseline and 3 time points following the infraorbital or sciatic nerve injuries, respectively. Pathway analysis and comparison analysis were performed to identify differentially expressed pathways. Additionally, upstream regulator effects were investigated in the two systems. DEG (differentially expressed genes) analyses identified 3,225 genes to be differentially expressed between TG and DRG in naïve animals, 1,828 genes 4 days post injury, 5,644 at day 8 and 9,777 DEGs at 21 days postinjury. A comparison of top enriched canonical pathways revealed that a number of signaling pathway was significantly inhibited in the TG and activated in the DRG at 21 days postinjury. Finally, CORT upstream regulator was predicted to be inhibited in the TG while expression levels of the CSF1 upstream regulator were significantly elevated in the DRG at 21 days postinjury. This study provides a basis for further in-depth studies investigating transcriptional changes, pathways, and upstream regulation in TG and DRG in rats exposed to peripheral nerve injuries. PERSPECTIVE: Although trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia are homologs of each other, they respond differently to nerve injury and therefore treatment. Activation/inhibition of number of biological pathways appear to be ganglion/system specific suggesting that different approaches might be required to successfully treat neuropathies induced by injuries in spinal and trigeminal systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Korczeniewska
- Center for Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Seema Husain
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The Genomics Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Mainul Hoque
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The Genomics Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Patricia Soteropoulos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The Genomics Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Junad Khan
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Eli Eliav
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Rafael Benoliel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sourasky Medical Center, Ichilov, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cho CH, Deyneko IV, Cordova-Martinez D, Vazquez J, Maguire AS, Diaz JR, Carbonell AU, Tindi JO, Cui MH, Fleysher R, Molholm S, Lipton ML, Branch CA, Hodgson L, Jordan BA. ANKS1B encoded AIDA-1 regulates social behaviors by controlling oligodendrocyte function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8499. [PMID: 38129387 PMCID: PMC10739966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous deletions in the ANKS1B gene cause ANKS1B neurodevelopmental syndrome (ANDS), a rare genetic disease characterized by autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and speech and motor deficits. The ANKS1B gene encodes for AIDA-1, a protein that is enriched at neuronal synapses and regulates synaptic plasticity. Here we report an unexpected role for oligodendroglial deficits in ANDS pathophysiology. We show that Anks1b-deficient mouse models display deficits in oligodendrocyte maturation, myelination, and Rac1 function, and recapitulate white matter abnormalities observed in ANDS patients. Selective loss of Anks1b from the oligodendrocyte lineage, but not from neuronal populations, leads to deficits in social preference and sensory reactivity previously observed in a brain-wide Anks1b haploinsufficiency model. Furthermore, we find that clemastine, an antihistamine shown to increase oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation and central nervous system myelination, rescues deficits in social preference in 7-month-old Anks1b-deficient mice. Our work shows that deficits in social behaviors present in ANDS may originate from abnormal Rac1 activity within oligodendrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Cho
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Human Pathobiology and OMNI Reverse Translation, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilana Vasilisa Deyneko
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dylann Cordova-Martinez
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Juan Vazquez
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anne S Maguire
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jenny R Diaz
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abigail U Carbonell
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jaafar O Tindi
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Min-Hui Cui
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Roman Fleysher
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Molholm
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michael L Lipton
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Craig A Branch
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bryen A Jordan
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ghosh M, Pearse DD. Schwann Cell-Derived Exosomal Vesicles: A Promising Therapy for the Injured Spinal Cord. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17317. [PMID: 38139147 PMCID: PMC10743801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale-sized membrane vesicles released by cells into their extracellular milieu. Within these nanovesicles reside a multitude of bioactive molecules, which orchestrate essential biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival, in the recipient cells. These bioactive properties of exosomes render them a promising choice for therapeutic use in the realm of tissue regeneration and repair. Exosomes possess notable positive attributes, including a high bioavailability, inherent safety, and stability, as well as the capacity to be functionalized so that drugs or biological agents can be encapsulated within them or to have their surface modified with ligands and receptors to imbue them with selective cell or tissue targeting. Remarkably, their small size and capacity for receptor-mediated transcytosis enable exosomes to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and access the central nervous system (CNS). Unlike cell-based therapies, exosomes present fewer ethical constraints in their collection and direct use as a therapeutic approach in the human body. These advantageous qualities underscore the vast potential of exosomes as a treatment option for neurological injuries and diseases, setting them apart from other cell-based biological agents. Considering the therapeutic potential of exosomes, the current review seeks to specifically examine an area of investigation that encompasses the development of Schwann cell (SC)-derived exosomal vesicles (SCEVs) as an approach to spinal cord injury (SCI) protection and repair. SCs, the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system, have a long history of demonstrated benefit in repair of the injured spinal cord and peripheral nerves when transplanted, including their recent advancement to clinical investigations for feasibility and safety in humans. This review delves into the potential of utilizing SCEVs as a therapy for SCI, explores promising engineering strategies to customize SCEVs for specific actions, and examines how SCEVs may offer unique clinical advantages over SC transplantation for repair of the injured spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Ghosh
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- The Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Damien D. Pearse
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- The Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Soh JEC, Shimizu A, Sato A, Ogita H. Novel cardiovascular protective effects of RhoA signaling and its therapeutic implications. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115899. [PMID: 37907138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) belongs to the Rho GTPase superfamily, which was first studied in cancers as one of the essential regulators controlling cellular function. RhoA has long attracted attention as a key molecule involved in cell signaling and gene transcription, through which it affects cellular processes. A series of studies have demonstrated that RhoA plays crucial roles under both physiological states and pathological conditions in cardiovascular diseases. RhoA has been identified as an important regulator in cardiac remodeling by regulating actin stress fiber dynamics and cytoskeleton formation. However, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, preventing definitive conclusions being drawn about its protective role in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we outline the characteristics of RhoA and its related signaling molecules, and present an overview of RhoA classical function and the corresponding cellular responses of RhoA under physiological and pathological conditions. Overall, we provide an update on the novel signaling under RhoA in the cardiovascular system and its potential clinical and therapeutic targets in cardiovascular medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ern Chi Soh
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wilson AF, Barakat R, Mu R, Karush LL, Gao Y, Hartigan KA, Chen JK, Shu H, Turner TN, Maloney SE, Mennerick SJ, Gutmann DH, Anastasaki C. A common single nucleotide variant in the cytokine receptor-like factor-3 (CRLF3) gene causes neuronal deficits in human and mouse cells. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:3342-3352. [PMID: 37712888 PMCID: PMC10695679 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide variants in the general population are common genomic alterations, where the majority are presumed to be silent polymorphisms without known clinical significance. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) cerebral organoid modeling of the 1.4 megabase Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) deletion syndrome, we previously discovered that the cytokine receptor-like factor-3 (CRLF3) gene, which is co-deleted with the NF1 gene, functions as a major regulator of neuronal maturation. Moreover, children with NF1 and the CRLF3L389P variant have greater autism burden, suggesting that this gene might be important for neurologic function. To explore the functional consequences of this variant, we generated CRLF3L389P-mutant hiPSC lines and Crlf3L389P-mutant genetically engineered mice. While this variant does not impair protein expression, brain structure, or mouse behavior, CRLF3L389P-mutant human cerebral organoids and mouse brains exhibit impaired neuronal maturation and dendrite formation. In addition, Crlf3L389P-mutant mouse neurons have reduced dendrite lengths and branching, without any axonal deficits. Moreover, Crlf3L389P-mutant mouse hippocampal neurons have decreased firing rates and synaptic current amplitudes relative to wild type controls. Taken together, these findings establish the CRLF3L389P variant as functionally deleterious and suggest that it may be a neurodevelopmental disease modifier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna F Wilson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Rasha Barakat
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Rui Mu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Leah L Karush
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Yunqing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Kelly A Hartigan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Hongjin Shu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Tychele N Turner
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8232, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8504, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Susan E Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8504, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Steven J Mennerick
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Corina Anastasaki
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ghaffari-Nasab A, Javani G, Mohaddes G, Alipour MR. Aging impairs recovery from stress-induced depression in male rats possibly by alteration of microRNA-101 expression and Rac1/RhoA pathway in the prefrontal cortex. Biogerontology 2023; 24:957-969. [PMID: 37642806 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Along with altering brain responses to stress, aging may also impair recovery from depression symptoms. In the present study, we investigated depressive-like behaviors in young and aged rats and assayed the levels of microRNA-101 (miR-101), Rac1/RhoA, PSD-95, and GluR1 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) after stress cessation and after a recovery period. Young (3 months old) and aged (22 months old) male Wistar rats were divided into six groups; Young control (YNG), young rats received chronic stress for four weeks (YNG + CS), young rats received chronic stress for four weeks followed by a 6-week recovery period (YNG + CS + REC), Aged control (AGED), aged rats received chronic stress for four weeks (AGED + CS), and aged rats received chronic stress for four weeks followed by a 6-week recovery period (AGED + CS + REC). Stress-induced depression, evaluated by the sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST), was yet observed after the recovery period in aged but not in young rats, which were accompanied by unchanged levels of miR-101, Rac1/RhoA, GluR1, and PSD-95 in the PFC of aged rats. These data suggested that impaired synaptic plasticity of glutamatergic synapses via the miR-101/Rac1/RhoA pathway may contribute to the delayed behavioral recovery after stress exposure observed in aging animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gonja Javani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Department of Biomedical Education, College of Osteopathic Medicine, California Health Sciences University, Clovis, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Alipour
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666-14766, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang J, Shi A, Lyu J. A comprehensive atlas of epigenetic regulators reveals tissue-specific epigenetic regulation patterns. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2139067. [PMID: 36305095 PMCID: PMC9980636 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2139067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic machinery contributes to gene regulation in eukaryotic species. However, the machinery including more than 600 epigenetic regulator (ER) genes responsible for reading, writing, and erasing histone modifications and DNA modifications remains largely uncharacterized across species. We compile a comprehensive list of ERs based on an evolutionary analysis across 23 species, which is the most comprehensive ER list in various species until recently. We further perform comparative transcriptomic analyses across different tissues in humans, mice, as well as other amniote species. We observe a consistent tissue-of-origin expression specificity pattern of duplicated ER genes across species and suggest links between expression specificity and ER gene evolution as well as ER function. Additional analyses further suggest that ER duplication can generate tissue-specific ER genes with the same epigenetic substrates, which may be closely related to their regulatory specificity in tissue development. Our work can serve as a foundation to better comprehend the tissue-specific expression patterns of ER genes from an evolutionary perspective and also the functional implications of ERs in tissue-specific epigenetic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jilu Wang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiai Shi
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lyu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ehtewish H, Mesleh A, Ponirakis G, Lennard K, Al Hamad H, Chandran M, Parray A, Abdesselem H, Wijten P, Decock J, Alajez NM, Ramadan M, Khan S, Ayadathil R, Own A, Elsotouhy A, Albagha O, Arredouani A, Blackburn JM, Malik RA, El-Agnaf OMA. Profiling the autoantibody repertoire reveals autoantibodies associated with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1256745. [PMID: 38107644 PMCID: PMC10722091 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1256745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dementia is a debilitating neurological disease affecting millions of people worldwide. The exact mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of the disease remain to be fully defined. There is an increasing body of evidence for the role of immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of dementia, where blood-borne autoimmune antibodies have been studied as potential markers associated with pathological mechanisms of dementia. Methods This study included plasma from 50 cognitively normal individuals, 55 subjects with MCI (mild cognitive impairment), and 22 subjects with dementia. Autoantibody profiling for more than 1,600 antigens was performed using a high throughput microarray platform to identify differentially expressed autoantibodies in MCI and dementia. Results The differential expression analysis identified 33 significantly altered autoantibodies in the plasma of patients with dementia compared to cognitively normal subjects, and 38 significantly altered autoantibodies in the plasma of patients with dementia compared to subjects with MCI. And 20 proteins had significantly altered autoantibody responses in MCI compared to cognitively normal individuals. Five autoantibodies were commonly dysregulated in both dementia and MCI, including anti-CAMK2A, CKS1B, ETS2, MAP4, and NUDT2. Plasma levels of anti-ODF3, E6, S100P, and ARHGDIG correlated negatively with the cognitive performance scores (MoCA) (r2 -0.56 to -0.42, value of p < 0.001). Additionally, several proteins targeted by autoantibodies dysregulated in dementia were significantly enriched in the neurotrophin signaling pathway, axon guidance, cholinergic synapse, long-term potentiation, apoptosis, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Conclusion We have shown multiple dysregulated autoantibodies in the plasma of subjects with MCI and dementia. The corresponding proteins for these autoantibodies are involved in neurodegenerative pathways, suggesting a potential impact of autoimmunity on the etiology of dementia and the possible benefit for future therapeutic approaches. Further investigations are warranted to validate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Ehtewish
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Areej Mesleh
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Georgios Ponirakis
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Katie Lennard
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanadi Al Hamad
- Geriatric and Memory Clinic, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Mani Chandran
- Geriatric and Memory Clinic, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Aijaz Parray
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Houari Abdesselem
- Proteomics Core Facility, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Patrick Wijten
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Nehad M. Alajez
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Marwan Ramadan
- Geriatric and Memory Clinic, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Shafi Khan
- Geriatric and Memory Clinic, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Raheem Ayadathil
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Own
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Elsotouhy
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Jonathan M. Blackburn
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rayaz A. Malik
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar M. A. El-Agnaf
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Freiría-Martínez L, Iglesias-Martínez-Almeida M, Rodríguez-Jamardo C, Rivera-Baltanás T, Comís-Tuche M, Rodrígues-Amorím D, Fernández-Palleiro P, Blanco-Formoso M, Álvarez-Chaver P, Diz-Chaves Y, Gonzalez-Freiria N, Martín-Forero-Maestre M, Fernández-Feijoo CD, Suárez-Albo M, Fernández-Lorenzo JR, Guisán AC, Olivares JM, Spuch C. Proteomic analysis of exosomes derived from human mature milk and colostrum of mothers with term, late preterm, or very preterm delivery. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4905-4917. [PMID: 37718950 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01114c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The growth and development of the human brain is a long and complex process that requires a precise sequence of genetic and molecular events. This begins in the third week of gestation with the differentiation of neural progenitor cells and extends at least until late adolescence, possibly for life. One of the defects of this development is that we know very little about the signals that modulate this sequence of events. The first 3 years of life, during breastfeeding, is one of the critical periods in brain development. In these first years of life, it is believed that neurodevelopmental problems may be the molecular causes of mental disorders. Therefore, we herein propose a new hypothesis, according to which the chemical signals that could modulate this entire complex sequence of events appear in this early period, and the molecular level study of human breast milk and colostrum of mothers who give birth to children in different gestation periods could give us information on proteins influencing this process. In this work, we collected milk and colostrum samples (term, late preterm and moderate/very preterm) and exosomes were isolated. The samples of exosomes and complete milk from each fraction were analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. In this work, we describe proteins in the different fractions of mature milk and colostrum of mothers with term, late preterm, or very preterm delivery, which could be involved in the regulation of the nervous system by their functions. We describe how they differ in different types of milk, paving the way for the investigation of possible new neuroregulatory pathways as possible candidates to modulate the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Freiría-Martínez
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36312, Spain.
- University of Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Marta Iglesias-Martínez-Almeida
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36312, Spain.
- University of Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Cynthia Rodríguez-Jamardo
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36312, Spain.
- University of Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Tania Rivera-Baltanás
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36312, Spain.
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - María Comís-Tuche
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36312, Spain.
| | - Daniela Rodrígues-Amorím
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36312, Spain.
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Patricia Fernández-Palleiro
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36312, Spain.
| | - María Blanco-Formoso
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Singular Center for Biomedical Research (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Paula Álvarez-Chaver
- Structural Determination, Proteomic and Genomic Service, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Yolanda Diz-Chaves
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Singular Center for Biomedical Research (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - María Suárez-Albo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alvaro Cunqueiro Hospital, Vigo, 36312, Spain
| | | | | | - Jose Manuel Olivares
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36312, Spain.
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36312, Spain.
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jeon Y, Shin YK, Kim H, Choi YY, Kang M, Kwon Y, Cho Y, Chi SW, Shin JE. βPix Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Regulates Regeneration of Injured Peripheral Axons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14357. [PMID: 37762659 PMCID: PMC10532151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration is essential for successful recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Although growth cone reformation and axonal extension are crucial steps in axonal regeneration, the regulatory mechanisms underlying these dynamic processes are poorly understood. Here, we identify βPix (Arhgef7), the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1 GTPase, as a regulator of axonal regeneration. After sciatic nerve injury in mice, the expression levels of βPix increase significantly in nerve segments containing regenerating axons. In regrowing axons, βPix is localized in the peripheral domain of the growth cone. Using βPix neuronal isoform knockout (NIKO) mice in which the neuronal isoforms of βPix are specifically removed, we demonstrate that βPix promotes neurite outgrowth in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons and in vivo axon regeneration after sciatic nerve crush injury. Activation of cJun and STAT3 in the cell bodies is not affected in βPix NIKO mice, supporting the local action of βPix in regenerating axons. Finally, inhibiting Src, a kinase previously identified as an activator of the βPix neuronal isoform, causes axon outgrowth defects in vitro, like those found in the βPix NIKO neurons. Altogether, these data indicate that βPix plays an important role in axonal regrowth during peripheral nerve regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yewon Jeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Yoon Kyung Shin
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Hwigyeong Kim
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Young Choi
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Minjae Kang
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Kwon
- Department School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongcheol Cho
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42899, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Wook Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung Eun Shin
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Benarroch E. What Is the Role of the Rho-ROCK Pathway in Neurologic Disorders? Neurology 2023; 101:536-543. [PMID: 37722862 PMCID: PMC10516277 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
|
31
|
Punessen NC, Pena C, Sandberg A, Koza LA, Linseman DA. A novel anti-apoptotic role for Cdc42/ACK-1 signaling in neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103865. [PMID: 37263460 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are caused by a progressive and aberrant destruction of neurons in the brain and spinal cord. These disorders lack effective long-term treatments that impact the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis and as a result, existing options focus primarily on alleviating symptomology. Dysregulated programmed cell death (i.e., apoptosis) is a significant contributor to neurodegeneration, and is controlled by a number of different factors. Rho family GTPases are molecular switches with recognized importance in proper neuronal development and migration that have more recently emerged as central regulators of apoptosis and neuronal survival. Here, we investigated a role for the Rho GTPase family member, Cdc42, and its downstream effectors, in neuronal survival and apoptosis. We initially induced apoptosis in primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) by removing both growth factor-containing serum and depolarizing potassium from the cell medium. We then utilized both chemical inhibitors and adenoviral shRNA targeted to Cdc42 to block the function of Cdc42 or its downstream effectors under either control or apoptotic conditions. Our in vitro studies demonstrate that functional inhibition of Cdc42 or its downstream effector, activated Cdc42-associated tyrosine kinase-1 (ACK-1), had no adverse effects on CGN survival under control conditions, but significantly sensitized neurons to cell death under apoptotic conditions. In conclusion, our results suggest a key pro-survival role for Cdc42/ACK-1 signaling in neurons, particularly in regulating neuronal susceptibility to pro-apoptotic stress such as that observed in neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelle C Punessen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Claudia Pena
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Alexandra Sandberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Lilia A Koza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Daniel A Linseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA; Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lu W, Chen Z, Wen J. The role of RhoA/ROCK pathway in the ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115141. [PMID: 37437375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that ischemic stroke is the prominent cause of death and disability. To date, neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke represents a complex event, which is an essential process and affects the prognosis of both experimental stroke animals and stroke patients. Intense neuroinflammation occurring during the acute phase of stroke contributes to neuronal injury, BBB breakdown, and worse neurological outcomes. Inhibition of neuroinflammation may be a promising target in the development of new therapeutic strategies. RhoA is a small GTPase protein that activates a downstream effector, ROCK. The up-regulation of RhoA/ROCK pathway possesses important roles in promoting the neuroinflammation and mediating brain injury. In addition, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is another vital regulator of ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation through regulating the functions of microglial cells and astrocytes. After stroke onset, the microglial cells and astrocytes are activated and undergo the morphological and functional changes, thereby deeply participate in a complicated neuroinflammation cascade. In this review, we focused on the relationship among RhoA/ROCK pathway, NF-κB and glial cells in the neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke to reveal new strategies for preventing the intense neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Lu
- Medical Branch, Hefei Technology College, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiwu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jiyue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cai C, Luo Q, Jia L, Xia Y, Lan X, Wei X, Shi S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xiong Z, Shi R, Huang C, Chen Z. TRIM67 Implicates in Regulating the Homeostasis and Synaptic Development of Mitral Cells in the Olfactory Bulb. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13439. [PMID: 37686246 PMCID: PMC10487898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, olfactory dysfunction has attracted increasingly more attention as a hallmark symptom of neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Deeply understanding the molecular basis underlying the development of the olfactory bulb (OB) will provide important insights for ND studies and treatments. Now, with a genetic knockout mouse model, we show that TRIM67, a new member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, plays an important role in regulating the proliferation and development of mitral cells in the OB. TRIM67 is abundantly expressed in the mitral cell layer of the OB. The genetic deletion of TRIM67 in mice leads to excessive proliferation of mitral cells in the OB and defects in its synaptic development, resulting in reduced olfactory function in mice. Finally, we show that TRIM67 may achieve its effect on mitral cells by regulating the Semaphorin 7A/Plexin C1 (Sema7A/PlxnC1) signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Cai
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.C.); (Q.L.); (L.J.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Qihui Luo
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.C.); (Q.L.); (L.J.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lanlan Jia
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.C.); (Q.L.); (L.J.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.C.); (Q.L.); (L.J.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Xinting Lan
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.C.); (Q.L.); (L.J.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.C.); (Q.L.); (L.J.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Shuai Shi
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.C.); (Q.L.); (L.J.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yucong Liu
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.C.); (Q.L.); (L.J.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yao Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.C.); (Q.L.); (L.J.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zongliang Xiong
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.C.); (Q.L.); (L.J.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Riyi Shi
- Center for Paralysis Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Chao Huang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.C.); (Q.L.); (L.J.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.C.); (Q.L.); (L.J.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang H, Yamahashi Y, Riedl M, Amano M, Kaibuchi K. The Evaluation of Rac1 Signaling as a Potential Therapeutic Target of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11880. [PMID: 37569255 PMCID: PMC10418761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Small GTPase Rac1 is critical for various fundamental cellular processes, including cognitive functions. The cyclical activation and inactivation of Rac1, mediated by Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RacGEFs) and Rac GTPase-activating proteins (RacGAPs), respectively, are essential for activating intracellular signaling pathways and controlling cellular processes. We have recently shown that the Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutic drug donepezil activates the Rac1-PAK pathway in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) for enhanced aversive learning. Also, PAK activation itself in the NAc enhances aversive learning. As aversive learning allows short-term preliminary AD drug screening, here we tested whether sustained Rac1 activation by RacGAP inhibition can be used as an AD therapeutic strategy for improving AD-learning deficits based on aversive learning. We found that the RacGAP domain of breakpoint cluster region protein (Bcr) (Bcr-GAP) efficiently inhibited Rac1 activity in a membrane ruffling assay. We also found that, in striatal/accumbal primary neurons, Bcr knockdown by microRNA mimic-expressing adeno-associated virus (AAV-miRNA mimic) activated Rac1-PAK signaling, while Bcr-GAP-expressing AAV inactivated it. Furthermore, conditional knockdown of Bcr in the NAc of wild-type adult mice enhanced aversive learning, while Bcr-GAP expression in the NAc inhibited it. The findings indicate that Rac1 activation by RacGAP inhibition enhances aversive learning, implying the AD therapeutic potential of Rac1 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (H.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Yukie Yamahashi
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcel Riedl
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.R.)
| | - Mutsuki Amano
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (H.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Freiría-Martínez L, Iglesias-Martínez-Almeida M, Rodríguez-Jamardo C, Rivera-Baltanás T, Comís-Tuche M, Rodrígues-Amorím D, Fernández-Palleiro P, Blanco-Formoso M, Diz-Chaves Y, González-Freiria N, Suárez-Albo M, Martín-Forero-Maestre M, Durán Fernández-Feijoo C, Fernández-Lorenzo JR, Concheiro Guisán A, Olivares JM, Spuch C. Human Breast Milk microRNAs, Potential Players in the Regulation of Nervous System. Nutrients 2023; 15:3284. [PMID: 37513702 PMCID: PMC10384760 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk is the biological fluid with the highest exosome amount and is rich in microRNAs (miRNAs). These are key regulators of gene expression networks in both normal physiologic and disease contexts, miRNAs can influence many biological processes and have also shown promise as biomarkers for disease. One of the key aspects in the regeneration of the nervous system is that there are practically no molecules that can be used as potential drugs. In the first weeks of lactation, we know that human breast milk must contain the mechanisms to transmit molecular and biological information for brain development. For this reason, our objective is to identify new modulators of the nervous system that can be used to investigate neurodevelopmental functions based on miRNAs. To do this, we collected human breast milk samples according to the time of delivery and milk states: mature milk and colostrum at term; moderate and very preterm mature milk and colostrum; and late preterm mature milk. We extracted exosomes and miRNAs and realized the miRNA functional assays and target prediction. Our results demonstrate that miRNAs are abundant in human milk and likely play significant roles in neurodevelopment and normal function. We found 132 different miRNAs were identified across all samples. Sixty-nine miRNAs had significant differential expression after paired group comparison. These miRNAs are implicated in gene regulation of dopaminergic/glutamatergic synapses and neurotransmitter secretion and are related to the biological process that regulates neuron projection morphogenesis and synaptic vesicle transport. We observed differences according to the delivery time and with less clarity according to the milk type. Our data demonstrate that miRNAs are abundant in human milk and likely play significant roles in neurodevelopment and normal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Freiría-Martínez
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO (Servizo Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo), 36312 Vigo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Iglesias-Martínez-Almeida
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO (Servizo Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo), 36312 Vigo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Cynthia Rodríguez-Jamardo
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO (Servizo Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo), 36312 Vigo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Tania Rivera-Baltanás
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO (Servizo Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo), 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - María Comís-Tuche
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO (Servizo Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo), 36312 Vigo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Daniela Rodrígues-Amorím
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO (Servizo Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo), 36312 Vigo, Spain
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Patricia Fernández-Palleiro
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO (Servizo Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo), 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - María Blanco-Formoso
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Singular Center for Biomedical Research (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Yolanda Diz-Chaves
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Singular Center for Biomedical Research (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | | | - María Suárez-Albo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alvaro Cunqueiro Hospital, 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Jose Manuel Olivares
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO (Servizo Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo), 36312 Vigo, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Network Biomedical Research Center on Mental Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO (Servizo Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo), 36312 Vigo, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Network Biomedical Research Center on Mental Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yamahashi Y, Tsuboi D, Funahashi Y, Kaibuchi K. Neuroproteomic mapping of kinases and their substrates downstream of acetylcholine: finding and implications. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:291-298. [PMID: 37787112 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2265067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the emergence of the cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), acetylcholine has been viewed as a mediator of learning and memory. Donepezil improves AD-associated learning deficits and memory loss by recovering brain acetylcholine levels. However, it is associated with side effects due to global activation of acetylcholine receptors. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (M1R), a key mediator of learning and memory, has been an alternative target. The importance of targeting a specific pathway downstream of M1R has recently been recognized. Elucidating signaling pathways beyond M1R that lead to learning and memory holds important clues for AD therapeutic strategies. AREAS COVERED This review first summarizes the role of acetylcholine in aversive learning, one of the outputs used for preliminary AD drug screening. It then describes the phosphoproteomic approach focused on identifying acetylcholine intracellular signaling pathways leading to aversive learning. Finally, the intracellular mechanism of donepezil and its effect on learning and memory is discussed. EXPERT OPINION The elucidation of signaling pathways beyond M1R by phosphoproteomic approach offers a platform for understanding the intracellular mechanism of AD drugs and for developing AD therapeutic strategies. Clarifying the molecular mechanism that links the identified acetylcholine signaling to AD pathophysiology will advance the development of AD therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Yamahashi
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuboi
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Funahashi
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Priolo M, Zara E, Radio FC, Ciolfi A, Spadaro F, Bellacchio E, Mancini C, Pantaleoni F, Cordeddu V, Chiriatti L, Niceta M, Africa E, Mammì C, Melis D, Coppola S, Tartaglia M. Clinical profiling of MRD48 and functional characterization of two novel pathogenic RAC1 variants. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:805-814. [PMID: 37059841 PMCID: PMC10326044 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RAC1 is a member of the Rac/Rho GTPase subfamily within the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins, comprising 3 paralogs playing a critical role in actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. De novo missense variants in RAC1 are associated with a rare neurodevelopmental disorder (MRD48) characterized by DD/ID and brain abnormalities coupled with a wide range of additional features. Structural and functional studies have documented either a dominant negative or constitutively active behavior for a subset of mutations. Here, we describe two individuals with previously unreported de novo missense RAC1 variants. We functionally demonstrate their pathogenicity proving a gain-of-function (GoF) effect for both. By reviewing the clinical features of these two individuals and the previously published MRD48 subjects, we further delineate the clinical profile of the disorder, confirming its phenotypic variability. Moreover, we compare the main features of MRD48 with the neurodevelopmental disease caused by GoF variants in the paralog RAC3, highlighting similarities and differences. Finally, we review all previously reported variants in RAC proteins and in the closely related CDC42, providing an updated overview of the spectrum and hotspots of pathogenic variants affecting these functionally related GTPases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Priolo
- USD Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli, 89124, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Erika Zara
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Cordeddu
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Chiriatti
- USD Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli, 89124, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Africa
- USD Neuroradiologia, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli, 89124, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Corrado Mammì
- USD Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli, 89124, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Università di Salerno, 84084, Salerno, Italy
| | - Simona Coppola
- National Center for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ganotra J, Sharma B, Biswal B, Bhardwaj D, Tuteja N. Emerging role of small GTPases and their interactome in plants to combat abiotic and biotic stress. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1007-1029. [PMID: 36525153 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are frequently subjected to abiotic and biotic stress which causes major impediments in their growth and development. It is emerging that small guanosine triphosphatases (small GTPases), also known as monomeric GTP-binding proteins, assist plants in managing environmental stress. Small GTPases function as tightly regulated molecular switches that get activated with the aid of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and deactivated by the subsequent hydrolysis of GTP to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). All small GTPases except Rat sarcoma (Ras) are found in plants, including Ras-like in brain (Rab), Rho of plant (Rop), ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) and Ras-like nuclear (Ran). The members of small GTPases in plants interact with several downstream effectors to counteract the negative effects of environmental stress and disease-causing pathogens. In this review, we describe processes of stress alleviation by developing pathways involving several small GTPases and their associated proteins which are important for neutralizing fungal infections, stomatal regulation, and activation of abiotic stress-tolerant genes in plants. Previous reviews on small GTPases in plants were primarily focused on Rab GTPases, abiotic stress, and membrane trafficking, whereas this review seeks to improve our understanding of the role of all small GTPases in plants as well as their interactome in regulating mechanisms to combat abiotic and biotic stress. This review brings to the attention of scientists recent research on small GTPases so that they can employ genome editing tools to precisely engineer economically important plants through the overexpression/knock-out/knock-in of stress-related small GTPase genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahanvi Ganotra
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 181143, India
| | - Bhawana Sharma
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 181143, India
| | - Brijesh Biswal
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 181143, India
| | - Deepak Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 181143, India.
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Seyama R, Nishikawa M, Uchiyama Y, Hamada K, Yamamoto Y, Takeda M, Ochi T, Kishi M, Suzuki T, Hamanaka K, Fujita A, Tsuchida N, Koshimizu E, Misawa K, Miyatake S, Mizuguchi T, Makino S, Yao T, Ito H, Itakura A, Ogata K, Nagata KI, Matsumoto N. A missense variant at the RAC1-PAK1 binding site of RAC1 inactivates downstream signaling in VACTERL association. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9789. [PMID: 37328543 PMCID: PMC10275923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
RAC1 at 7p22.1 encodes a RAC family small GTPase that regulates actin cytoskeleton organization and intracellular signaling pathways. Pathogenic RAC1 variants result in developmental delay and multiple anomalies. Here, exome sequencing identified a rare de novo RAC1 variant [NM_018890.4:c.118T > C p.(Tyr40His)] in a male patient. Fetal ultrasonography indicated the patient to have multiple anomalies, including persistent left superior vena cava, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, esophageal atresia, scoliosis, and right-hand polydactyly. After birth, craniofacial dysmorphism and esophagobronchial fistula were confirmed and VACTERL association was suspected. One day after birth, the patient died of respiratory failure caused by tracheal aplasia type III. The molecular mechanisms of pathogenic RAC1 variants remain largely unclear; therefore, we biochemically examined the pathophysiological significance of RAC1-p.Tyr40His by focusing on the best characterized downstream effector of RAC1, PAK1, which activates Hedgehog signaling. RAC1-p.Tyr40His interacted minimally with PAK1, and did not enable PAK1 activation. Variants in the RAC1 Switch II region consistently activate downstream signals, whereas the p.Tyr40His variant at the RAC1-PAK1 binding site and adjacent to the Switch I region may deactivate the signals. It is important to accumulate data from individuals with different RAC1 variants to gain a full understanding of their varied clinical presentations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Seyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Nishikawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya, Kasugai, Aichi, 480-0392, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hamada
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Ochi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Monami Kishi
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keiai Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohei Hamanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naomi Tsuchida
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Misawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shintaro Makino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ito
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya, Kasugai, Aichi, 480-0392, Japan
| | - Atsuo Itakura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Nagata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya, Kasugai, Aichi, 480-0392, Japan.
- Department of Neurochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Nagoya, Japan, 466-8550.
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nageeb Hasan SM, Clarke CL, McManamon Strand TP, Bambico FR. Putative pathological mechanisms of late-life depression and Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Res 2023:148423. [PMID: 37244602 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive impairment in cognition and memory. AD is accompanied by several neuropsychiatric symptoms, with depression being the most prominent. Although depression has long been known to be associated with AD, controversial findings from preclinical and clinical studies have obscured the precise nature of this association. However recent evidence suggests that depression could be a prodrome or harbinger of AD. Evidence indicates that the major central serotonergic nucleus-the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN)-shows very early AD pathology: neurofibrillary tangles made of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and degenerated neurites. AD and depression share common pathophysiologies, including functional deficits of the serotonin (5-HT) system. 5-HT receptors have modulatory effects on the progression of AD pathology i.e., reduction in Aβ load, increased hyper-phosphorylation of tau, decreased oxidative stress etc. Moreover, preclinical models show a role for specific channelopathies that result in abnormal regional activational and neuroplasticity patterns. One of these concerns the pathological upregulation of the small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel in corticolimbic structure. This has also been observed in the DRN in both diseases. The SKC is a key regulator of cell excitability and long-term potentiation (LTP). SKC over-expression is positively correlated with aging and cognitive decline, and is evident in AD. Pharmacological blockade of SKCs has been reported to reverse symptoms of depression and AD. Thus, aberrant SKC functioning could be related to depression pathophysiology and diverts its late-life progression towards the development of AD. We summarize findings from preclinical and clinical studies suggesting a molecular linkage between depression and AD pathology. We also provide a rationale for considering SKCs as a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of AD-associated symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Nageeb Hasan
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada.
| | - Courtney Leigh Clarke
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada
| | | | - Francis Rodriguez Bambico
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada; Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T1R8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang Y, Li G, Zhao Y. Advances in the development of Rho GTPase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 90:117337. [PMID: 37253305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rho guanosine triphosphatases (Rho GTPases), as members of the Ras superfamily, are GDP/GTP binding proteins that behave as molecular switches for the transduction of signals from external stimuli. Rho GTPases play essential roles in a number of cellular processes including cell cycle, cell polarity as well as cell migration. The dysregulations of Rho GTPases are related with various diseases, especially with cancers. Accumulating evidence supports that Rho GTPases play important roles in cancer development and progression. Rho GTPases become potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. And a number of inhibitors targeting Rho GTPases have been developed. In this review, we discuss their structural features, summarize their roles in cancer, and focus on the recent progress of their inhibitors, which are beneficial for the drug discovery targeting Rho GTPases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guanyi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaxue Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wong TS, Li G, Li S, Gao W, Chen G, Gan S, Zhang M, Li H, Wu S, Du Y. G protein-coupled receptors in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:177. [PMID: 37137892 PMCID: PMC10154768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial disorders with diverse aetiological factors. Identifying treatment targets is challenging because the diseases are resulting from heterogeneous biological, genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) opens a new possibility in drug discovery. Harnessing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms and structural information of GPCRs will be advantageous for developing effective drugs. This review provides an overview of the role of GPCRs in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Besides, we highlight the emerging opportunities of novel GPCR targets and address recent progress in GPCR drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thian-Sze Wong
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Li
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Gan
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 518116, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Adams JW, Negraes PD, Truong J, Tran T, Szeto RA, Guerra BS, Herai RH, Teodorof-Diedrich C, Spector SA, Del Campo M, Jones KL, Muotri AR, Trujillo CA. Impact of alcohol exposure on neural development and network formation in human cortical organoids. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1571-1584. [PMID: 36385168 PMCID: PMC10208963 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the foremost preventable etiology of intellectual disability and leads to a collection of diagnoses known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Alcohol (EtOH) impacts diverse neural cell types and activity, but the precise functional pathophysiological effects on the human fetal cerebral cortex are unclear. Here, we used human cortical organoids to study the effects of EtOH on neurogenesis and validated our findings in primary human fetal neurons. EtOH exposure produced temporally dependent cellular effects on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. In addition, we identified EtOH-induced alterations in post-translational histone modifications and chromatin accessibility, leading to impairment of cAMP and calcium signaling, glutamatergic synaptic development, and astrocytic function. Proteomic spatial profiling of cortical organoids showed region-specific, EtOH-induced alterations linked to changes in cytoskeleton, gliogenesis, and impaired synaptogenesis. Finally, multi-electrode array electrophysiology recordings confirmed the deleterious impact of EtOH on neural network formation and activity in cortical organoids, which was validated in primary human fetal tissues. Our findings demonstrate progress in defining the human molecular and cellular phenotypic signatures of prenatal alcohol exposure on functional neurodevelopment, increasing our knowledge for potential therapeutic interventions targeting FASD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Adams
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Justin Truong
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Timothy Tran
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ryan A Szeto
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bruno S Guerra
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Experimental Multiuser Laboratory, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Experimental Multiuser Laboratory, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Carmen Teodorof-Diedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stephen A Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Miguel Del Campo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li L, Wang Q, Sun X, Li Z, Liu S, Zhang X, Zhou J, Zhang R, Liu K, Wang P, Niu J, Wen Y, Zhang L. Activation of RhoA pathway participated in the changes of emotion, cognitive function and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in juvenile chronic stress rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123652. [PMID: 36780962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric diseases are related to early life stress (ELS), patients often have abnormal learning, memory and emotion. But the regulatory mechanism is unclear. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity (HSP) changes are important mechanism. RhoA pathway is known to regulate HSP by modulating of dendritic spines (DS), whether it's involved in HSP changes in ELS hasn't been reported. So we investigated whether and how RhoA participates in HSP regulation in ELS. The ELS model was established by separation-rearing in juvenile. Results of IntelliCage detection etc. showed simple learning and memory wasn't affected, but spatial, punitive learning and memories reduced, the desire to explore novel things reduced, the anxiety-like emotion increased. We further found hippocampus was activated, the hippocampal neurons dendritic complexities reduced, the proportion of mature DS decreased. The full-length transcriptome sequencing techniques was used to screen for differentially expressed genes involved in regulating HSP changes, we found RhoA gene was up-regulated. We detected RhoA protein, RhoA phosphorylation and downstream molecules expression changes, results shown RhoA and p-RhoA, p-ROCK2 expression increased, p-LIMK, p-cofilin expression and F-actin/G-actin ratio decreased. Our study revealed HSP changes in ELS maybe regulate by activation RhoA through ROCK2/LIMK/cofilin pathway regulated F-actin/G-actin balance and DS plasticity, affecting emotion and cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lvmei Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Department of human anatomy and histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Science - Technology Centers, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xiangping Sun
- Department of Surgery, Ningxia Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 114 West Beijing Road, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - ZeLong Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Department of human anatomy and histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Kunmei Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jianguo Niu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Department of human anatomy and histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Yujun Wen
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Department of human anatomy and histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Lianxiang Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Department of human anatomy and histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Isik S, Yeman Kiyak B, Akbayir R, Seyhali R, Arpaci T. Microglia Mediated Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071012. [PMID: 37048085 PMCID: PMC10093562 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder seen, especially in the elderly. Tremor, shaking, movement problems, and difficulty with balance and coordination are among the hallmarks, and dopaminergic neuronal loss in substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain and aggregation of intracellular protein α-synuclein are the pathological characterizations. Neuroinflammation has emerged as an involving mechanism at the initiation and development of PD. It is a complex network of interactions comprising immune and non-immune cells in addition to mediators of the immune response. Microglia, the resident macrophages in the CNS, take on the leading role in regulating neuroinflammation and maintaining homeostasis. Under normal physiological conditions, they exist as “homeostatic” but upon pathological stimuli, they switch to the “reactive state”. Pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes are used to classify microglial activity with each phenotype having its own markers and released mediators. When M1 microglia are persistent, they will contribute to various inflammatory diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD. In this review, we focus on the role of microglia mediated neuroinflammation in PD and also signaling pathways, receptors, and mediators involved in the process, presenting the studies that associate microglia-mediated inflammation with PD. A better understanding of this complex network and interactions is important in seeking new therapies for PD and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Isik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-216-400-2222 (ext. 2462)
| | - Bercem Yeman Kiyak
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Hamidiye Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Uskudar, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Akbayir
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Science, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
| | - Rama Seyhali
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Science, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
| | - Tahire Arpaci
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Science, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Salvador CL, Oppebøen M, Vassli AØ, Pfeiffer HCV, Varhaug KN, Elgstøen KBP, Yazdani M. Increased Sphingomyelin and Free Sialic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Kearns-Sayre Syndrome: New Findings Using Untargeted Metabolomics. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 143:68-76. [PMID: 37018879 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is caused by duplications and/or deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and is typically diagnosed based on a classic triad of symptoms with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), retinitis pigmentosa, and onset before age 20 years. The present study aimed to diagnose two patients, on suspicion of KSS. METHODS One of the patients went through a diagnostic odyssey, with normal results from several mtDNA analyses, both in blood and muscle, before the diagnosis was confirmed genetically. RESULTS Two patients presented increased tau protein and low 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Untargeted metabolomics on CSF samples also showed an increase in the levels of free sialic acid and sphingomyelin C16:0 (d18:1/C16:0), compared with four control groups (patients with mitochondrial disorders, nonmitochondrial disorders, low 5-MTHF, or increased tau proteins). CONCLUSIONS It is the first time that elevated sphingomyelin C16:0 (d18:1/C16:0) and tau protein in KSS are reported. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach and standard laboratory methods, the study could shed new light on metabolism in KSS to better understand its complexity. In addition, the findings may suggest the combination of elevated free sialic acid, sphingomyelin C16:0 (d18:1/C16:0), and tau protein as well as low 5-MTHF as new biomarkers in the diagnostics of KSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mari Oppebøen
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Østeby Vassli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Cecilie Viekilde Pfeiffer
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Kristin Nielsen Varhaug
- The Mitochondrial Medicine and Neurogenetics (MMN) Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gharbi T, Liu C, Khan H, Zhang Z, Yang GY, Tang Y. Hypoxic Preconditioned Neural Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Contain Distinct Protein Cargo from Their Normal Counterparts. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1982-1997. [PMID: 36975497 PMCID: PMC10047917 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning has been demonstrated to increase the resistance of neural stem cells (NSCs) to hypoxic conditions, as well as to improve their capacity for differentiation and neurogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as critical mediators of cell–cell communication, but their role in this hypoxic conditioning is presently unknown. Here, we demonstrated that three hours of hypoxic preconditioning triggers significant neural stem cell EV release. Proteomic profiling of EVs from normal and hypoxic preconditioned neural stem cells identified 20 proteins that were upregulated and 22 proteins that were downregulated after hypoxic preconditioning. We also found an upregulation of some of these proteins by qPCR, thus indicating differences also at the transcript level within the EVs. Among the upregulated proteins are CNP, Cyfip1, CASK, and TUBB5, which are well known to exhibit significant beneficial effects on neural stem cells. Thus, our results not only show a significant difference of protein cargo in EVs consequent to hypoxic exposure, but identify several candidate proteins that might play a pivotal role in the cell-to-cell mediated communication underlying neuronal differentiation, protection, maturation, and survival following exposure to hypoxic conditions.
Collapse
|
48
|
Puty B, Bittencourt LO, Plaça JR, de Oliveira EHC, Lima RR. Astrocyte-Like Cells Transcriptome Changes After Exposure to a Low and Non-cytotoxic MeHg Concentration. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1151-1162. [PMID: 35378667 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system is the main target of MeHg toxicity and glial cells are the first line of defense; however, their true role remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the global map of human glial-like (U87) cells transcriptome after exposure to a non-toxic and non-lethal MeHg concentration and to investigate the related molecular changes. U87 cells were exposed upon 0.1, 0.5, and 1 µM MeHg for 4 and 24 h. Although no changes were observed in the percentage of viable cells, the metabolic viability was significantly decreased after exposure to 1 µM MeHg for 24 h; thus, the non-toxic concentration of 0.1 µM MeHg was chosen to perform microarray analysis. Significant changes in U87 cells transcriptome were observed only after 24 h. The expression of 392 genes was down regulated while 431 genes were up-regulated. Gene ontology showed alterations in biological processes (75%), cellular components (21%), and molecular functions (4%). The main pathways showed by KEGG and Reactome were cell cycle regulation and Rho GTPase signaling. The complex mechanism of U87 cells response against MeHg exposure indicates that even a low and non-toxic concentration is able to alter the gene expression profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Puty
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Culture and Cytogenetics, Environmental Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Rodrigues Plaça
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rac is required for the survival of cortical neurons. Exp Neurol 2023; 361:114316. [PMID: 36586552 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rac1, a member of small Rho GTPases, is involved in diverse cellular processes in neuronal cells. Rac1 plays especially important roles during development, and its roles have been extensively studied using Rac1-deficient mice. Rac3, a close homolog of Rac1, is ubiquitously expressed in the nervous system and may therefore compensate for Rac1 in Rac1-deficient cells. Exploration of the roles of Rac in neurons may therefore be difficult. We thus deleted both Rac1 and Rac3 in cortical neurons. Rac-deficient cerebral cortices formed slightly hypoplastic but almost normally layered structures at birth, but cortical neurons underwent apoptosis soon after birth. Rac-deficient cortical neurons had poor survivability and there was reduction in the length and the number of neurites in vitro. Activation of Pak1, a downstream effector of Rac, in Rac-deficient cortical neurons rescued the survivability in vitro. Pak1-activated Rac-deficient neurons had numerous dendrites, but no axons. Restoration of p35, a regulator of Cdk5, partly rescued the survivability of Rac-deficient neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Expression of p35 also partly rescued the length and the number of neurites in Rac-deficient neurons in vitro. Rac was shown to be indispensable for the survival of cortical neurons, and Pak1 and Cdk5/p35 work as downstream effectors of Rac to promote neuronal survival.
Collapse
|
50
|
Huang H, Wu S, Liang C, Qin C, Ye Z, Tang J, Chen X, Xie X, Wang C, Fu J, Deng M, Liu J. CDC42 Might Be a Molecular Signature of DWI-FLAIR Mismatch in a Nonhuman Primate Stroke Model. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020287. [PMID: 36831829 PMCID: PMC9954026 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
No definitive blood markers of DWI-FLAIR mismatch, a pivotal indicator of salvageable ischemic penumbra brain tissue, are known. We previously reported that CDC42 and RHOA are associated with the ischemic penumbra. Here, we investigated whether plasma CDC42 and RHOA are surrogate markers of DWI-FLAIR mismatch. Sixteen cynomolgus macaques (3 as controls and 13 for the stroke model) were included. Guided by digital subtraction angiography (DSA), a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established by occluding the middle cerebral artery (MCA) with a balloon. MRI and neurological deficit scoring were performed to evaluate postinfarction changes. Plasma CDC42 and RHOA levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The stroke model was successfully established in eight monkeys. Based on postinfarction MRI images, experimental animals were divided into a FLAIR (-) group (N = 4) and a FLAIR (+) group (N = 4). Plasma CDC42 in the FLAIR (-) group showed a significant decrease compared with that in the FLAIR (+) group (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed for plasma RHOA. The FLAIR (-) group showed a milder neurological function deficit and a smaller infarct volume than the FLAIR (+) group (p < 0.05). Therefore, plasma CDC42 might be a new surrogate marker for DWI-FLAIR mismatch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jingli Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0771-5305790
| |
Collapse
|