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Alonzi T, Aiello A, Sali M, Delogu G, Villella VR, Raia V, Nicastri E, Piacentini M, Goletti D. Multiple antimicrobial and immune-modulating activities of cysteamine in infectious diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117153. [PMID: 39024833 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major threat to global health and cause millions of deaths every year, particularly in developing countries. The emergence of multidrug resistance challenges current antimicrobial treatments, inducing uncertainty in therapeutic protocols. New compounds are therefore necessary. A drug repurposing approach could play a critical role in developing new treatments used either alone or in combination with standard therapy regimens. Herein, we focused on cysteamine, an aminothiol endogenously synthesized by human cells during the degradation of coenzyme-A, which is a drug approved for the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis. Cysteamine influences many biological processes due to the presence of the highly reactive thiol group. This review provides an overview of cysteamine-mediated effects on different viruses, bacteria and parasites, with a particular focus on infections caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Evidences for a potential use of cysteamine as a direct antimicrobial agent and/or a host-directed therapy, either alone or in combination with other antimicrobial drugs, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonino Alonzi
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Aiello
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Sali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, India; Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio ed Ematologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS; Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Delogu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, India; Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Italy
| | - Valeria Rachela Villella
- CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Raia
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center, Federico II University Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Bhandari UR, Danish SM, Ahmad S, Ikram M, Nadaf A, Hasan N, Kesharwani P, Ahmad FJ. New opportunities for antioxidants in amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 221:111961. [PMID: 38960099 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review elucidates the critical role of antioxidants to mitigate oxidative stress, a common denominator in an array of neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress-induced damage has been linked to the development of diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This article examines a wide range of scientific literature and methodically delineates the several methods by which antioxidants exercise their neuroprotective benefits. It also explores into the complex relationship between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, focusing on how antioxidants can alter signaling pathways and transcription factors to slow neurodegenerative processes. Key antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, glutathione, and polyphenolic compounds, are tested for their ability to combat reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The dual character of antioxidants, which operate as both direct free radical scavengers and regulators of cellular redox homeostasis, is investigated in terms of therapeutic potential. Furthermore, the study focuses on new antioxidant-based therapy techniques and their mechanisms including Nrf-2, PCG1α, Thioredoxin etc., which range from dietary interventions to targeted antioxidant molecules. Insights into ongoing clinical studies evaluating antioxidant therapies in neurodegenerative illnesses offer an insight into the translational potential of antioxidant research. Finally, this review summarizes our present understanding of antioxidant processes in neurodegenerative illnesses, providing important possibilities for future study and treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Raj Bhandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Syed Mohammad Danish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shadaan Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Ikram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Arif Nadaf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nazeer Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Farhan J Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Selvaraj DB, Panneerselvam A, Vergil Andrews JF, Kandasamy M. Cysteamine HCl Administration Impedes Motor and Olfactory Functions, Accompanied by a Reduced Number of Dopaminergic Neurons, in Experimental Mice: A Preclinical Mimetic Relevant to Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2024; 14:632. [PMID: 39061373 PMCID: PMC11275195 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysteamine hydrochloride (Cys-HCl) has been established as a potent ulcerogenic agent of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. GI dysfunction and olfactory deficits are the most common clinical symptoms of many movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Cys-HCl has been shown to interfere with dopamine, a neurotransmitter crucial for motor, olfactory, and cognitive functions. However, the reports on the effect of Cys-HCl treatment on the behavioral aspects and functions of the dopamine system appear to be inconsistent. Therefore, we revisited the impact of Cys-HCl on the motor function in experimental mice using a battery of behavioral tests, such as the pole test (PT), beam-walking test (BWT), and rotarod test (RDT), while the olfactory ability and cognitive functions were examined through the buried-food test (BFT) and Y-maze test. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of Cys-HCl on the number of dopaminergic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells in the substantia nigra (SN) and olfactory bulb (OB) of the experimental mice using immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that Cys-HCl administration in the mice induced significant impairments in their motor balance and coordination, as their movement-related performances were markedly reduced in terms of the behavioral tasks. Mice exposed to Cys-HCl showed pronounced reductions in their odor discrimination abilities as well as cognitive impairments. Strikingly, the number of TH-positive neurons was found to be reduced in the SN and OB of the Cys-HCl-treated group, which is a bonafide neuropathogenic hallmark of PD. This study highlights the potential neurotoxic effects of Cys-HCl in experimental brains and suggests further investigation into its role in the pathogenesis of Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bharathi Selvaraj
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; (D.B.S.); (J.F.V.A.)
| | - Anusiya Panneerselvam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India;
| | - Jemi Feiona Vergil Andrews
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; (D.B.S.); (J.F.V.A.)
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; (D.B.S.); (J.F.V.A.)
- University Grants Commission-Faculty Recharge Programme (UGC-FRP), New Delhi 110002, India
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Allen C, Armstrong K, Game D, Kinton L. Cysteamine toxicity presenting with acute encephalopathy and spastic tetraparesis. Pract Neurol 2024:pn-2024-004172. [PMID: 38886048 DOI: 10.1136/pn-2024-004172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disorder usually presenting with renal disease in infancy. As soon as the diagnosis is made, cysteamine (a cystine-depleting medication), is started, significantly improving life expectancy. We describe a young woman taking lifelong cysteamine for nephropathic cystinosis, who became acutely encephalopathic with a spastic tetraparesis secondary to cysteamine toxicity, which was potentially worsened by copper deficiency. On replacing copper and reducing the dose of cysteamine, she made a full neurological recovery. We discuss the case, and review cystinosis and what is known about cysteamine toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Allen
- Wessex Neurological Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Kirsty Armstrong
- Department of Nephrology, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - David Game
- Department of Nephrology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lucy Kinton
- Wessex Neurological Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Dorčák V, Kroutil O, Kabeláč M, Janata J, Vacek J. Cysteamine Chemisorption at Mercury-Solution Interfaces in the Context of Redox and Microdissociation Equilibria. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6253-6260. [PMID: 38489512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The redox behavior and chemisorption of cysteamine (CA) at a charged mercury surface are described, with an emphasis on its acid-base properties supported by molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical calculations. It was found that CA forms chemisorbed layers on the surface of the mercury electrode. The formation of Hg-CA complexes is connected to mercury disproportionation, as reflected in peaks SII and SI at potentials higher than the electrode potential of zero charge (p.z.c.). Both the process of chemisorption of CA and its consequent redox transformation are proton-dependent. Also, depending on the protonation of CA, the formation of typical populations of chemisorbed conformers can be observed. In addition, cystamine (CA disulfide dimer) can be reduced on the mercury surface. Between the potentials of this reduction and peak SI, the p.z.c. of the electrode used can be found. Furthermore, CA can serve as an LMW catalyst for hydrogen evolution. The mechanistic insights presented here can be used for follow-up research on CA chemisorption and targeted modification of other metallic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlastimil Dorčák
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 775 15, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kroutil
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kabeláč
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Janata
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 775 15, Czech Republic
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Ha KS. Transglutaminase 2 in diabetes mellitus: Unraveling its multifaceted role and therapeutic implications for vascular complications. Theranostics 2024; 14:2329-2344. [PMID: 38646650 PMCID: PMC11024853 DOI: 10.7150/thno.95742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a severe metabolic disease characterized by chronic hypoglycemia, poses debilitating and life-threatening risks of microvascular and macrovascular complications, including blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, and limb amputation. Addressing these complications is paramount, urging the development of interventions targeting diabetes-associated vascular dysfunctions. To effectively combat diabetes, a comprehensive understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying complications and identification of precise therapeutic targets are imperative. Transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) is a multifunctional enzyme implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, fibrosis, and inflammatory conditions. TGase2 has recently emerged as a key player in both the pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention of diabetic complications. This review highlights TGase2 as a therapeutic target for diabetic complications and explores TGase2 inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach in their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Korea
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Liu J, Mouradian MM. Pathogenetic Contributions and Therapeutic Implications of Transglutaminase 2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2364. [PMID: 38397040 PMCID: PMC10888553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders that afflict millions of people worldwide. Characteristic protein aggregates are histopathological hallmark features of these disorders, including Amyloid β (Aβ)-containing plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease, α-Synuclein (α-Syn)-containing Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, and mutant huntingtin (mHTT) in nuclear inclusions in Huntington's disease. These various aggregates are found in specific brain regions that are impacted by neurodegeneration and associated with clinical manifestations. Transglutaminase (TG2) (also known as tissue transglutaminase) is the most ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family with protein crosslinking activity. To date, Aβ, tau, α-Syn, and mHTT have been determined to be substrates of TG2, leading to their aggregation and implicating the involvement of TG2 in several pathophysiological events in neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we summarize the biochemistry and physiologic functions of TG2 and describe recent advances in the pathogenetic role of TG2 in these diseases. We also review TG2 inhibitors tested in clinical trials and discuss recent TG2-targeting approaches, which offer new perspectives for the design of future highly potent and selective drugs with improved brain delivery as a disease-modifying treatment for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Maral Mouradian
- RWJMS Institute for Neurological Therapeutics and Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
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Sun C, Liang J, Zheng J, Mao S, Chen S, Aikemu A, Liu C. Brown adipose Vanin-1 is required for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and prevents diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101884. [PMID: 38246587 PMCID: PMC10838954 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy-dissipating brown adipocytes have significant potential for improving systemic metabolism. Vanin-1, a membrane-bound pantetheinase, is involved in various biological processes in mice. However, its role in BAT mitochondrial function is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the impact of Vanin-1 on BAT function and contribution during overnutrition-induced obesity. METHODS Vanin-1 expression was analyzed in different adipose depots in mice. The cellular localization of Vanin-1 was analyzed by confocal microscopy and western blots. Mice lacking Vanin-1 (Vanin-1-/-) were continuously fed either a chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish an obesity model. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify the molecular changes associated with Vanin-1 deficiency during obesity. BAT-specific Vanin-1 overexpression mice were established to determine the effects of Vanin-1 in vivo. Cysteamine treatment was used to examine the effect of enzymatic reaction products of Vanin-1 on BAT mitochondria function in Vanin-1-/- mice. RESULTS The results indicate that the expression of Vanin-1 is reduced in BAT from both diet-induced and leptin-deficient obese mice. Study on the subcellular location of Vanin-1 shows that it has a mitochondrial localization. Vanin-1 deficiency results in increased adiposity, BAT dysfunction, aberrant mitochondrial structure, and promotes HFD induced-BAT whitening. This is attributed to the impairment of the electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria due to Vanin-1 deficiency, resulting in reduced mitochondrial respiration. Overexpression of Vanin-1 significantly enhances energy expenditure and thermogenesis in BAT, renders mice resistant to diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, treatment with cysteamine rescue the mitochondrial dysfunction in Vanin-1-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings suggest that Vanin-1 plays a crucial role in promoting mitochondrial respiration to counteract diet-induced obesity, making it a potential therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ainiwaer Aikemu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Modernization Research, Development and Application of Hotan Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hotan 848099, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Nicoletti T, Bink A, Helmchen B, Briel N, Frontzek K, Vlad B, Gaspert A, Boudriot E, Jung HH, Reuss AM, Weller M, Hortobágyi T. Neurologic involvement in cystinosis: Focus on brain lesions and new evidence of four-repeat (4R-) Tau immunoreactivity. J Neurol Sci 2024; 456:122841. [PMID: 38101161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.122841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Nephropathic cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive storage disorder caused by CTNS gene mutations, leading to autophagy-lysosomal pathway impairment and cystine crystals accumulation. Neurologic involvement is highly variable and includes both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disturbances, as well as focal neurologic deficits. By presenting longitudinal data of a 28-year-old patient with a large infratentorial lesion, we summarized the pathology, clinical and imaging features of neurological involvement in cystinosis patients. Brain damage in form of cystinosis-related cerebral lesions occurs in advanced disease phases and is characterized by the accumulation of cystine crystals, subsequent inflammation with vasculitis-like features, necrosis, and calcification. Epilepsy is a frequent comorbidity in affected individuals. Steroids might play a role in the symptomatic treatment of "stroke-like" episodes due to edematous-inflammatory lesions, but probably do not change the overall prognosis. Lifelong compliance to depleting therapy with cysteamine still represents the main therapeutic option. However, consequences of CTNS gene defects are not restricted to cystine accumulation. New evidence of four-repeat (4R-) Tau immunoreactivity suggests concurrent progressive neurodegeneration in cystinosis patients, highlighting the need of innovative therapeutic strategies, and shedding light on the crosstalk between proteinopathies and autophagy-lysosomal system defects. Eventually, emerging easily accessible biomarkers such as serum neurofilament light chains (NfL) might detect subclinical neurologic involvement in cystinosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Nicoletti
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Bink
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Helmchen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nils Briel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Frontzek
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Vlad
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ariana Gaspert
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Boudriot
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Heinrich Jung
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Reuss
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Penabeï S, Sepulveda E, Zakaria AM, Meesungnoen J, Jay-Gerin JP. Effect of Linear Energy Transfer on Cystamine's Radioprotective Activity: A Study Using the Fricke Dosimeter with 6-500 MeV per Nucleon Carbon Ions-Implication for Carbon Ion Hadrontherapy. Molecules 2023; 28:8144. [PMID: 38138632 PMCID: PMC10746108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Radioprotective agents have garnered considerable interest due to their prospective applications in radiotherapy, public health medicine, and situations of large-scale accidental radiation exposure or impending radiological emergencies. Cystamine, an organic diamino-disulfide compound, is recognized for its radiation-protective and antioxidant properties. This study aims to utilize the aqueous ferrous sulfate (Fricke) dosimeter to measure the free-radical scavenging capabilities of cystamine during irradiation by fast carbon ions. This analysis spans an energy range from 6 to 500 MeV per nucleon, which correlates with "linear energy transfer" (LET) values ranging from approximately 248 keV/μm down to 9.3 keV/μm. (2) Methods: Monte Carlo track chemistry calculations were used to simulate the radiation-induced chemistry of aerated Fricke-cystamine solutions across a broad spectrum of cystamine concentrations, ranging from 10-6 to 1 M. (3) Results: In irradiated Fricke solutions containing cystamine, cystamine is observed to hinder the oxidation of Fe2+ ions, an effect triggered by oxidizing agents from the radiolysis of acidic water, resulting in reduced Fe3+ ion production. Our simulations, conducted both with and without accounting for the multiple ionization of water, confirm cystamine's ability to capture free radicals, highlighting its strong antioxidant properties. Aligning with prior research, our simulations also indicate that the protective and antioxidant efficiency of cystamine diminishes with increasing LET of the radiation. This result can be attributed to the changes in the geometry of the track structures when transitioning from lower to higher LETs. (4) Conclusions: If we can apply these fundamental research findings to biological systems at a physiological pH, the use of cystamine alongside carbon-ion hadrontherapy could present a promising approach to further improve the therapeutic ratio in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (S.P.); (E.S.); (A.M.Z.); (J.M.)
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11
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Bruschi M, Biancucci F, Masini S, Piacente F, Ligi D, Bartoccini F, Antonelli A, Mannello F, Bruzzone S, Menotta M, Fraternale A, Magnani M. The influence of redox modulation on hypoxic endothelial cell metabolic and proteomic profiles through a small thiol-based compound tuning glutathione and thioredoxin systems. Biofactors 2023; 49:1205-1222. [PMID: 37409789 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in oxygen levels is a key feature in the physiology of the bone marrow (BM) niche where hematopoiesis occurs. The BM niche is a highly vascularized tissue and endothelial cells (ECs) support and regulate blood cell formation from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). While in vivo studies are limited, ECs when cultured in vitro at low O2 (<5%), fail to support functional HSC maintenance due to oxidative environment. Therefore, changes in EC redox status induced by antioxidant molecules may lead to alterations in the cellular response to hypoxia likely favoring HSC self-renewal. To evaluate the impact of redox regulation, HUVEC, exposed for 1, 6, and 24 h to 3% O2 were treated with N-(N-acetyl-l-cysteinyl)-S-acetylcysteamine (I-152). Metabolomic analyses revealed that I-152 increased glutathione levels and influenced the metabolic profiles interconnected with the glutathione system and the redox couples NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H. mRNA analysis showed a lowered gene expression of HIF-1α and VEGF following I-152 treatment whereas TRX1 and 2 were stimulated. Accordingly, the proteomic study revealed the redox-dependent upregulation of thioredoxin and peroxiredoxins that, together with the glutathione system, are the main regulators of intracellular ROS. Indeed, a time-dependent ROS production under hypoxia and a quenching effect of the molecule were evidenced. At the secretome level, the molecule downregulated IL-6, MCP-1, and PDGF-bb. These results suggest that redox modulation by I-152 reduces oxidative stress and ROS level in hypoxic ECs and may be a strategy to fine-tune the environment of an in vitro BM niche able to support functional HSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bruschi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Federica Biancucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Sofia Masini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genoa, Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Daniela Ligi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Antonella Antonelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Mannello
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genoa, Genoa, GE, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Michele Menotta
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
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12
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Miallot R, Millet V, Galland F, Naquet P. The vitamin B5/coenzyme A axis: A target for immunomodulation? Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350435. [PMID: 37482959 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) serves as a vital cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions involved in energy production, lipid metabolism, and synthesis of essential molecules. Dysregulation of CoA-dependent metabolic pathways can contribute to chronic diseases, such as inflammatory diseases, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. Additionally, CoA influences immune cell activation by modulating the metabolism of these cells, thereby affecting their proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions. Targeting CoA metabolism presents a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention, as it can potentially restore metabolic balance, mitigate chronic inflammation, and enhance immune cell function. This might ultimately improve the management and outcomes for these diseases. This review will more specifically focus on the contribution of pathways regulating the availability of the CoA precursor Vitamin B5/pantothenate in vivo and modulating the development of Th17-mediated inflammation, CD8-dependent anti-tumor immunity but also tissue repair processes in chronic inflammatory or degenerative diseases.
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13
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Lee CM. A Review on the Antimutagenic and Anticancer Effects of Cysteamine. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2023; 2023:2419444. [PMID: 37731680 PMCID: PMC10508993 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2419444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. First-line treatments usually include surgery, radiotherapy, and/or systemic therapy. These methods can be associated with serious adverse events and can be toxic to healthy cells. Despite the new advances in cancer therapies, there is still a continuous need for safe and effective therapeutic agents. Cysteamine is an aminothiol endogenously synthetized by human cells during the degradation of coenzyme-A. It has been safely used in humans for the treatment of several pathologies including cystinosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Cysteamine has been shown to be a potent antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, and antimelanoma in various in vitro and in vivo studies, but a review on these aspects of cysteamine's use in medicine is lacking in the current literature. The efficacy of cysteamine has been shown in vitro and in vivo for the treatment of different types of cancer, such as gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, sarcomas, hepatocellular carcinoma, and melanoma, leading to the significant reduction of lesions and/or the increase of survival time. Although the mechanisms of action are not fully understood, possible explanations are (i) free radical scavenging, (ii) alteration of the tumor cell proliferation by affecting nucleic acid and protein synthesis or inhibition of DNA synthesis, and (iii) hormone regulation. In conclusion, regarding the high safety profile of cysteamine and the current literature data presented in this article, cysteamine might be considered as an interesting molecule for the prevention and the treatment of cancer. Further clinical studies should be performed to support these data in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Man Lee
- Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Portsmouth Road, Frimley, Camberley GU16 7UJ, UK
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14
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Piel S, Janowska JI, Ward JL, McManus MJ, Aronowitz DI, Janowski PK, Starr J, Hook JN, Hefti MM, Clayman CL, Elmér E, Hansson MJ, Jang DH, Karlsson M, Ehinger JK, Kilbaugh TJ. Succinate prodrugs as treatment for acute metabolic crisis during fluoroacetate intoxication in the rat. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:1231-1244. [PMID: 36282352 PMCID: PMC10540239 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Sodium fluoroacetate (FA) is a metabolic poison that systemically inhibits the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, causing energy deficiency and ultimately multi-organ failure. It poses a significant threat to society because of its high toxicity, potential use as a chemical weapon and lack of effective antidotal therapy. In this study, we investigated cell-permeable succinate prodrugs as potential treatment for acute FA intoxication. We hypothesized that succinate prodrugs would bypass FA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, provide metabolic support, and prevent metabolic crisis during acute FA intoxication. To test this hypothesis, rats were exposed to FA (0.75 mg/kg) and treated with the succinate prodrug candidate NV354. Treatment efficacy was evaluated based on cardiac and cerebral mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial content, metabolic profiles and tissue pathology. In the heart, FA increased concentrations of the TCA metabolite citrate (+ 4.2-fold, p < 0.01) and lowered ATP levels (- 1.9-fold, p < 0.001), confirming the inhibition of the TCA cycle by FA. High-resolution respirometry of cardiac mitochondria further revealed an impairment of mitochondrial complex V (CV)-linked metabolism, as evident by a reduced phosphorylation system control ratio (- 41%, p < 0.05). The inhibition of CV-linked metabolism is a novel mechanism of FA cardiac toxicity, which has implications for drug development and which NV354 was unable to counteract at the given dose. In the brain, FA induced the accumulation of β-hydroxybutyrate (+ 1.4-fold, p < 0.05) and the reduction of mitochondrial complex I (CI)-linked oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOSCI) (- 20%, p < 0.01), the latter of which was successfully alleviated by NV354. This promising effect of NV354 warrants further investigations to determine its potential neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Piel
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Joanna I Janowska
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J Laurenson Ward
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Meagan J McManus
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Danielle I Aronowitz
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Piotr K Janowski
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jonathan Starr
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jordan N Hook
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | - Marco M Hefti
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | - Carly L Clayman
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Abliva AB, Lund, Sweden
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus J Hansson
- Abliva AB, Lund, Sweden
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David H Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Johannes K Ehinger
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Todd J Kilbaugh
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
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15
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Chen C, Zuo Y, Hu H, Li X, Zhang L, Yang D, Liu F, Liao X, Xiong G, Cao Z, Zhong Z, Bi Y, Lu H, Chen J. Hepatic lipid metabolism disorders and immunotoxicity induced by cysteamine in early developmental stages of zebrafish. Toxicology 2023; 493:153555. [PMID: 37236339 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cysteamine, a sulfhydryl compound, is an intermediate in the metabolism of coenzyme A to taurine in living organisms. However, the potential side effects of cysteamine such as hepatotoxicity in pediatric patients have been reported in some studies. To evaluate the impact of cysteamine on infants and children, larval zebrafish (a vertebrate model) were exposed to 0.18, 0.36 and 0.54mM cysteamine from 72 hpf to 144 hpf. Alterations in general and pathological evaluation, biochemical parameters, cell proliferation, lipid metabolism factors, inflammatory factors and Wnt signaling pathway levels were examined. Increased liver area and lipid accumulation were observed in liver morphology, staining and histopathology in a dose-dependent manner with cysteamine exposure. In addition, the experimental cysteamine group exhibited higher alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total triglyceride and total cholesterol levels than the control group. Meanwhile, the levels of lipogenesis-related factors ascended whereas lipid transport-related factors descended. Oxidative stress indicators such as reactive oxygen species, MDA and SOD were upregulated after cysteamine exposure. Afterwards, transcription assays revealed that biotinidase and Wnt pathway-related genes were upregulated in the exposed group, and inhibition of Wnt signaling partially rescued the abnormal liver development. The current study found that cysteamine-induced hepatotoxicity in larval zebrafish is due to inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism, which is mediated by biotinidase (a potential pantetheinase isoenzyme) and Wnt signaling. This provides a perspective on the safety of cysteamine administration in children and identifies potential targets for protection against adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yuhua Zuo
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xue Li
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dou Yang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guanghua Xiong
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zilin Zhong
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanlong Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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16
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Penabeï S, Meesungnoen J, Jay-Gerin JP. Assessment of Cystamine's Radioprotective/Antioxidant Ability under High-Dose-Rate Irradiation: A Monte Carlo Multi-Track Chemistry Simulation Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030776. [PMID: 36979024 PMCID: PMC10044900 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: cystamine and its reduced form cysteamine have radioprotective/antioxidant effects in vivo. In this study, we use an in vitro model system to examine the behavior of cystamine towards the reactive primary species produced during the radiolysis of the Fricke dosimeter under high dose-rate irradiation conditions. (2) Methods: our approach was to use the familiar radiolytic oxidation of ferrous to ferric ions as an indicator of the radioprotective/antioxidant capacity of cystamine. A Monte Carlo computer code was used to simulate the multi-track radiation-induced chemistry of aerated and deaerated Fricke-cystamine solutions as a function of dose rate while covering a large range of cystamine concentrations. (3) Results: our simulations revealed that cystamine provides better protection at pulsed dose rates compared to conventional, low-dose-rate irradiations. Furthermore, our simulations confirmed the radical-capturing ability of cystamine, clearly indicating the strong antioxidant profile of this compound. (4) Conclusion: assuming that these findings can be transposable to cells and tissues at physiological pH, it is suggested that combining cystamine with FLASH-RT could be a promising approach to further enhance the therapeutic ratio of cancer cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samafou Penabeï
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jintana Meesungnoen
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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17
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Meenongyai W, Rasri K, Rodjapot S, Duangphayap T, Khejornsart P, Wongpanit K, Phongkaew P, Bashar A, Islam Z. Effect of coated cysteamine hydrochloride and probiotics supplemented alone or in combination on feed intake, nutrients digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites of Kamphaeng Saen beef heifers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:69. [PMID: 36749468 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of coated cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) and probiotics (PB) supplemented alone or in combination on feed intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites of heifer beef cattle. Sixteen heifers (body weight = 210 ± 41 kg; age = 9 ± 2 months) were assigned according to a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. All animals were fed the basal diet, which contained an 82:17 concentrate-to-forage ratio, and the forage source was rice straw. The treatments were as follows: (1) 0% PB + 0 g/d CSH, (2) 0.1% PB + 0 g/d CSH, (3) 0% PB + 20 g/d CSH, and (4) 0.1% PB + 20 g/d CSH. The main effect of CSH supplementation has been found to improve feed intake (P < 0.05). There were no treatment interactions with nutrient digestibility or rumen fermentation parameters. Supplementation of CSH did not affect any of the variables evaluated, while probiotics supplementation increased DM digestibility due to the increases in CP and fiber fraction digestibility. Compared to controls and CSH, at 16 h post-feeding, heifers receiving probiotics tended (P = 0.07) to show 17% greater ruminal NH3-N concentration, but this effect was not evident at 2 h post-feeding. However, the main effects of probiotic supplementation showed a tendency to increase the number of total bacteria and fungal zoospores in the rumen at 2 h post-feeding. The blood triglyceride (BTG) concentration of heifers fed a diet supplemented with 20 g/d CSH and 0.1% probiotics was found to be greater than those fed CSH alone (P < 0.1) at 16 h post-feeding, and then, there were greater BTG concentrations than other treatments (P < 0.05) at 2 h post-feeding. In conclusion, the combination of CSH and PB did not potentiate the effects of probiotics on digestibility and rumen fermentation and had minimal effects on blood parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharawit Meenongyai
- Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand.
| | - Kampanat Rasri
- Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Sitthisak Rodjapot
- Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Trirat Duangphayap
- Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Pichad Khejornsart
- Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Kannika Wongpanit
- Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Piyamas Phongkaew
- Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Abul Bashar
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Zakirul Islam
- Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
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18
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Karpowicz SJ, Anderson L. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic conversion of cystamine to thiotaurine and taurine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130225. [PMID: 35988704 PMCID: PMC9637780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The disulfide-containing molecule cystamine and the thiosulfonate thiotaurine are of interest as therapeutics. Both are precursors of taurine, but the chemistry of their metabolism is not clear. The rates at which these molecules are metabolized is also unknown. The chemistry and rate constants have been determined for a process in which cystamine is converted in four reactions to thiotaurine. Cystamine is oxidized by diamine oxidase with a specificity constant comparable to other diamine substrates. The rapid hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation of cystaldimine yields reactive glyoxal and thiocysteamine, which quickly performs transsulfuration with hypotaurine. Thiotaurine reacts spontaneously with hydrogen peroxide to form taurine and sulfite, but it is 15-fold less reactive than hypotaurine as an antioxidant. An estimation of biological rates of reaction indicates that cystamine is likely to be oxidized by diamine oxidase in vivo, but its metabolic products will be diverted to molecules other than thiotaurine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Karpowicz
- Department of Physical Sciences, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, USA.
| | - Lauren Anderson
- Department of Physical Sciences, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, USA
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19
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Asgharian P, Quispe C, Herrera-Bravo J, Sabernavaei M, Hosseini K, Forouhandeh H, Ebrahimi T, Sharafi-Badr P, Tarhriz V, Soofiyani SR, Helon P, Rajkovic J, Durna Daştan S, Docea AO, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Koch W, Cho WC. Pharmacological effects and therapeutic potential of natural compounds in neuropsychiatric disorders: An update. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:926607. [PMID: 36188551 PMCID: PMC9521271 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.926607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric diseases are a group of disorders that cause significant morbidity and disability. The symptoms of psychiatric disorders include anxiety, depression, eating disorders, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and conduct disorder. Various medicinal plants are frequently used as therapeutics in traditional medicine in different parts of the world. Nowadays, using medicinal plants as an alternative medication has been considered due to their biological safety. Despite the wide range of medications, many patients are unable to tolerate the side effects and eventually lose their response. By considering the therapeutic advantages of medicinal plants in the case of side effects, patients may prefer to use them instead of chemical drugs. Today, the use of medicinal plants in traditional medicine is diverse and increasing, and these plants are a precious heritage for humanity. Investigation about traditional medicine continues, and several studies have indicated the basic pharmacology and clinical efficacy of herbal medicine. In this article, we discuss five of the most important and common psychiatric illnesses investigated in various studies along with conventional therapies and their pharmacological therapies. For this comprehensive review, data were obtained from electronic databases such as MedLine/PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, EMBASE, DynaMed Plus, ScienceDirect, and TRIP database. Preclinical pharmacology studies have confirmed that some bioactive compounds may have beneficial therapeutic effects in some common psychiatric disorders. The mechanisms of action of the analyzed biocompounds are presented in detail. The bioactive compounds analyzed in this review are promising phytochemicals for adjuvant and complementary drug candidates in the pharmacotherapy of neuropsychiatric diseases. Although comparative studies have been carefully reviewed in the preclinical pharmacology field, no clinical studies have been found to confirm the efficacy of herbal medicines compared to FDA-approved medicines for the treatment of mental disorders. Therefore, future clinical studies are needed to accelerate the potential use of natural compounds in the management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parina Asgharian
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santo Tomas, Chile
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mahsa Sabernavaei
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haleh Forouhandeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Ebrahimi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Paria Sharafi-Badr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Paweł Helon
- Branch in Sandomierz, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Sandomierz, Poland
| | - Jovana Rajkovic
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
- Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
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Zhang F, Hu W, Liu Y. GCMM: graph convolution network based on multimodal attention mechanism for drug repurposing. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:372. [PMID: 36100897 PMCID: PMC9469552 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main focus of in silico drug repurposing, which is a promising area for using artificial intelligence in drug discovery, is the prediction of drug–disease relationships. Although many computational models have been proposed recently, it is still difficult to reliably predict drug–disease associations from a variety of sources of data. Results In order to identify potential drug–disease associations, this paper introduces a novel end-to-end model called Graph convolution network based on a multimodal attention mechanism (GCMM). In particular, GCMM incorporates known drug–disease relations, drug–drug chemical similarity, drug–drug therapeutic similarity, disease–disease semantic similarity, and disease–disease target-based similarity into a heterogeneous network. A Graph Convolution Network encoder is used to learn how diseases and drugs are embedded in various perspectives. Additionally, GCMM can enhance performance by applying a multimodal attention layer to assign various levels of value to various features and the inputting of multi-source information. Conclusion 5 fold cross-validation evaluations show that the GCMM outperforms four recently proposed deep-learning models on the majority of the criteria. It shows that GCMM can predict drug–disease relationships reliably and suggests improvement in the desired metrics. Hyper-parameter analysis and exploratory ablation experiments are also provided to demonstrate the necessity of each module of the model and the highest possible level of prediction performance. Additionally, a case study on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Four of the five medications indicated by GCMM to have the highest potential correlation coefficient with AD have been demonstrated through literature or experimental research, demonstrating the viability of GCMM. All of these results imply that GCMM can provide a strong and effective tool for drug development and repositioning.
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21
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Antioxidant Therapeutic Strategies in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169328. [PMID: 36012599 PMCID: PMC9409201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinguishing pathogenic features of neurodegenerative diseases include mitochondrial dysfunction and derived reactive oxygen species generation. The neural tissue is highly sensitive to oxidative stress and this is a prominent factor in both chronic and acute neurodegeneration. Based on this, therapeutic strategies using antioxidant molecules towards redox equilibrium have been widely used for the treatment of several brain pathologies. Globally, polyphenols, carotenes and vitamins are among the most typical exogenous antioxidant agents that have been tested in neurodegeneration as adjunctive therapies. However, other types of antioxidants, including hormones, such as the widely used melatonin, are also considered neuroprotective agents and have been used in different neurodegenerative contexts. This review highlights the most relevant mitochondrial antioxidant targets in the main neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease and also in the less represented amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as traumatic brain injury, while summarizing the latest randomized placebo-controlled trials.
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22
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Chen C, Zheng Y, Li X, Zhang L, Liu K, Sun S, Zhong Z, Hu H, Liu F, Xiong G, Liao X, Lu H, Bi Y, Chen J, Cao Z. Cysteamine affects skeletal development and impairs motor behavior in zebrafish. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:966710. [PMID: 36059963 PMCID: PMC9437517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.966710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteamine is a kind of feed additive commonly used in agricultural production. It is also the only targeted agent for the treatment of cystinosis, and there are some side effects in clinical applications. However, the potential skeletal toxicity remains to be further elucidated. In this study, a zebrafish model was for the first time utilized to synthetically appraise the skeletal developmental defects induced by cysteamine. The embryos were treated with 0.35, 0.70, and 1.05 mM cysteamine from 6 h post fertilization (hpf) to 72 hpf. Substantial skeletal alterations were manifested as shortened body length, chondropenia, and abnormal somite development. The results of spontaneous tail coiling at 24 hpf and locomotion at 120 hpf revealed that cysteamine decreased behavioral abilities. Moreover, the level of oxidative stress in the skeleton ascended after cysteamine exposure. Transcriptional examination showed that cysteamine upregulated the expression of osteoclast-related genes but did not affect osteoblast-related genes expression. Additionally, cysteamine exposure caused the downregulation of the Notch signaling and activating of Notch signaling partially attenuated skeletal defects. Collectively, our study suggests that cysteamine leads to skeletal developmental defects and reduces locomotion activity. This hazard may be associated with cysteamine-mediated inhibition of the Notch signaling and disorganization of notochordal cells due to oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Birth Defects Group, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongliang Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, JX, China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xue Li
- Birth Defects Group, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Birth Defects Group, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangyu Liu
- Birth Defects Group, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujie Sun
- Birth Defects Group, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilin Zhong
- Birth Defects Group, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Birth Defects Group, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, JX, China
| | - Guanghua Xiong
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, JX, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, JX, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, JX, China
| | - Yanlong Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zigang Cao, ; Jianjun Chen, ; Yanlong Bi,
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Birth Defects Group, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zigang Cao, ; Jianjun Chen, ; Yanlong Bi,
| | - Zigang Cao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, JX, China
- *Correspondence: Zigang Cao, ; Jianjun Chen, ; Yanlong Bi,
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23
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de Bartolomeis A, Barone A, Vellucci L, Mazza B, Austin MC, Iasevoli F, Ciccarelli M. Linking Inflammation, Aberrant Glutamate-Dopamine Interaction, and Post-synaptic Changes: Translational Relevance for Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Treatment: a Systematic Review. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6460-6501. [PMID: 35963926 PMCID: PMC9463235 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from clinical, preclinical, and post-mortem studies supports the inflammatory/immune hypothesis of schizophrenia pathogenesis. Less evident is the link between the inflammatory background and two well-recognized functional and structural findings of schizophrenia pathophysiology: the dopamine-glutamate aberrant interaction and the alteration of dendritic spines architecture, both believed to be the “quantal” elements of cortical-subcortical dysfunctional network. In this systematic review, we tried to capture the major findings linking inflammation, aberrant glutamate-dopamine interaction, and post-synaptic changes under a direct and inverse translational perspective, a paramount picture that at present is lacking. The inflammatory effects on dopaminergic function appear to be bidirectional: the inflammation influences dopamine release, and dopamine acts as a regulator of discrete inflammatory processes involved in schizophrenia such as dysregulated interleukin and kynurenine pathways. Furthermore, the link between inflammation and glutamate is strongly supported by clinical studies aimed at exploring overactive microglia in schizophrenia patients and maternal immune activation models, indicating impaired glutamate regulation and reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function. In addition, an inflammatory/immune-induced alteration of post-synaptic density scaffold proteins, crucial for downstream NMDAR signaling and synaptic efficacy, has been demonstrated. According to these findings, a significant increase in plasma inflammatory markers has been found in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls, associated with reduced cortical integrity and functional connectivity, relevant to the cognitive deficit of schizophrenia. Finally, the link between altered inflammatory/immune responses raises relevant questions regarding potential new therapeutic strategies specifically for those forms of schizophrenia that are resistant to canonical antipsychotics or unresponsive to clozapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarita Barone
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazza
- Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mark C Austin
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Program, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University (ISU), Pocatello, ID, USA
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Ciccarelli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Xu B, Wang X, Xu Z, Li Q, Quan J. N-cystaminylbiguanide MC001 prevents neuron cell death and alleviates motor deficits in the MPTP-model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2022; 784:136751. [PMID: 35738458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), which is highly associated with oxidative stress. Antioxidants are therefore considered as potential therapies in PD treatment. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effect of a cysteamine-based biguanide N-cystaminylbiguanide (MC001) in the MPTP mouse model of PD. The results showed that MC001 prevented neuron cell death and alleviated motor deficits in the MPTP mouse model of PD. Both in vitro and in vivo data indicated that MC001 may exert its neuroprotective effect by alleviating ROS production, suppressing neuroinflammation, and upregulating BDNF expression. Further mechanistic studies revealed that MC001 promoted GSH synthesis by inducing the expression of Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and enhancing the activity of Glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gcl). Our results suggest that MC001 warrants further investigation as a potential candidate for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | - Qinkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Junmin Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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25
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Paul BD. Cysteine metabolism and hydrogen sulfide signaling in Huntington's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 186:93-98. [PMID: 35550919 PMCID: PMC10066926 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The semi-essential amino acid, cysteine, plays important roles in both essential cellular processes as well as in modulation of signaling cascades. Cysteine is obtained both from the diet as well as generated endogenously via the transsulfuration pathway. Cysteine is further utilized in protein synthesis and biosynthesis of various sulfur containing molecules. One of the products of cysteine catabolism, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), is a gaseous signaling molecule, which regulates a multitude of cellular processes. Cysteine metabolism is dysregulated in several neurodegenerative diseases and during aging. This minireview focuses on aberrant cysteine and H2S metabolism in Huntington's disease, a neurodegenerative disease caused by expansion of polyglutamine encoding repeats in the gene huntingtin, which leads to motor and cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu D Paul
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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26
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Boo YC. Metabolic Basis and Clinical Evidence for Skin Lightening Effects of Thiol Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030503. [PMID: 35326153 PMCID: PMC8944565 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin pigment is a major factor in determining the color of the skin, and its abnormal increase or decrease can cause serious pigmentation disorders. The melanin pigment of the skin is divided into light pheomelanin and dark eumelanin, and a big difference between them is whether they contain sulfur. Melanin synthesis starts from a common reaction in which tyrosine or dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) is oxidized by tyrosinase (TYR) to produce dopaquinone (DQ). DQ is spontaneously converted to leukodopachrome and then oxidized to dopachrome, which enters the eumelanin synthesis pathway. When DQ reacts with cysteine, cysteinyl dopa is generated, which is oxidized to cysteinyl DQ and enters the pheomelanin synthesis pathway. Therefore, thiol compounds can influence the relative synthesis of eumelanin and pheomelanin. In addition, thiol compounds can inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to copper ions at the active site of TYR, and act as an antioxidant scavenging reactive oxygen species and free radicals or as a modulator of redox balance, thereby inhibiting overall melanin synthesis. This review will cover the metabolic aspects of thiol compounds, the role of thiol compounds in melanin synthesis, comparison of the antimelanogenic effects of various thiol compounds, and clinical trials on the skin lightening efficacy of thiol compounds. We hope that this review will help identify the advantages and disadvantages of various thiol compounds as modulators of skin pigmentation and contribute to the development of safer and more effective strategies for the treatment of pigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chool Boo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea
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27
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Animal board invited review: Animal source foods in healthy, sustainable, and ethical diets - An argument against drastic limitation of livestock in the food system. Animal 2022; 16:100457. [PMID: 35158307 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal source foods are evolutionarily appropriate foods for humans. It is therefore remarkable that they are now presented by some as unhealthy, unsustainable, and unethical, particularly in the urban West. The benefits of consuming them are nonetheless substantial, as they offer a wide spectrum of nutrients that are needed for cell and tissue development, function, and survival. They play a role in proper physical and cognitive development of infants, children, and adolescents, and help promote maintenance of physical function with ageing. While high-red meat consumption in the West is associated with several forms of chronic disease, these associations remain uncertain in other cultural contexts or when consumption is part of wholesome diets. Besides health concerns, there is also widespread anxiety about the environmental impacts of animal source foods. Although several production methods are detrimental (intensive cropping for feed, overgrazing, deforestation, water pollution, etc.) and require substantial mitigation, damaging impacts are not intrinsic to animal husbandry. When well-managed, livestock farming contributes to ecosystem management and soil health, while delivering high-quality foodstuffs through the upcycling of resources that are otherwise non-suitable for food production, making use of marginal land and inedible materials (forage, by-products, etc.), integrating livestock and crop farming where possible has the potential to benefit plant food production through enhanced nutrient recycling, while minimising external input needs such as fertilisers and pesticides. Moreover, the impacts on land use, water wastage, and greenhouse gas emissions are highly contextual, and their estimation is often erroneous due to a reductionist use of metrics. Similarly, whether animal husbandry is ethical or not depends on practical specificities, not on the fact that animals are involved. Such discussions also need to factor in that animal husbandry plays an important role in culture, societal well-being, food security, and the provision of livelihoods. We seize this opportunity to argue for less preconceived assumptions about alleged effects of animal source foods on the health of the planet and the humans and animals involved, for less top-down planning based on isolated metrics or (Western) technocratic perspectives, and for more holistic and circumstantial approaches to the food system.
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Ramirez-Perez FI, Cabral-Amador FJ, Whaley-Connell AT, Aroor AR, Morales-Quinones M, Woodford ML, Ghiarone T, Ferreira-Santos L, Jurrissen TJ, Manrique-Acevedo CM, Jia G, DeMarco VG, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA, Lastra G. Cystamine reduces vascular stiffness in Western diet-fed female mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H167-H180. [PMID: 34890280 PMCID: PMC8742720 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00431.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of diets high in fat, sugar, and salt (Western diet, WD) is associated with accelerated arterial stiffening, a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Women with obesity are more prone to develop arterial stiffening leading to more frequent and severe CVD compared with men. As tissue transglutaminase (TG2) has been implicated in vascular stiffening, our goal herein was to determine the efficacy of cystamine, a nonspecific TG2 inhibitor, at reducing vascular stiffness in female mice chronically fed a WD. Three experimental groups of female mice were created. One was fed regular chow diet (CD) for 43 wk starting at 4 wk of age. The second was fed a WD for the same 43 wk, whereas a third cohort was fed WD, but also received cystamine (216 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water during the last 8 wk on the diet (WD + C). All vascular stiffness parameters assessed, including aortic pulse wave velocity and the incremental modulus of elasticity of isolated femoral and mesenteric arteries, were significantly increased in WD- versus CD-fed mice, and reduced in WD + C versus WD-fed mice. These changes coincided with respectively augmented and diminished vascular wall collagen and F-actin content, with no associated effect in blood pressure. In cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells, cystamine reduced TG2 activity, F-actin:G-actin ratio, collagen compaction capacity, and cellular stiffness. We conclude that cystamine treatment represents an effective approach to reduce vascular stiffness in female mice in the setting of WD consumption, likely because of its TG2 inhibitory capacity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study evaluates the novel role of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) inhibition to directly treat vascular stiffness. Our data demonstrate that cystamine, a nonspecific TG2 inhibitor, improves vascular stiffness induced by a diet rich in fat, fructose, and salt. This research suggests that TG2 inhibition might bear therapeutic potential to reduce the disproportionate burden of cardiovascular disease in females in conditions of chronic overnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco I. Ramirez-Perez
- 1Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,2Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Adam T. Whaley-Connell
- 3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial
Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri,4Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,5Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Annayya R. Aroor
- 3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial
Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri,5Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Makenzie L. Woodford
- 1Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- 1Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Larissa Ferreira-Santos
- 1Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,6Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de
Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade
de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thomas J. Jurrissen
- 1Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,7Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Camila M. Manrique-Acevedo
- 1Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial
Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri,5Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - GuangHong Jia
- 3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial
Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri,5Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Vincent G. DeMarco
- 3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial
Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri,4Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,5Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,8Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jaume Padilla
- 1Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,7Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Luis A. Martinez-Lemus
- 1Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,2Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,8Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Guido Lastra
- 3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial
Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri,5Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Masoudi R, Esmaeilkhanian S, Sharafi M, Abdollahi Z, Jafari V, Hatefi A, Zarei F, Asadzadeh N, Sadeghipanah A, Barfourooshi HJ, Banabazi MH. Cysteamine enhances quality and fertility potential of rooster semen in cooled storage. Theriogenology 2022; 177:29-33. [PMID: 34656834 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of supplementing Lake extender with cysteamine (CYS) on rooster semen quality in cold storage and it's fertility performance. Semen samples were diluted with Lake extender supplemented with different concentrations of CYS (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mM) and were cooled and stored at 5 °C for a period of 46 h. Motility, membrane functionality, viability, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondria membrane potential were evaluated at 0, 23 and 46 h of storage. Fertility was assessed at 23 h of storage. Although at the beginning time (0 h), parameters were not affected, 1 mM of CYS improved (P ≤ 0.05) total motility, progressive motility and mitochondria membrane potential during 23 and 46 h storage. Moreover, 1 and 2 mM CYS improved (P ≤ 0.05) membrane functionality and viability compared to other groups. Lipid peroxidation was lower (P ≤ 0.05) in samples diluted with 1 and 2 mM CYS compared to the others. Artificial insemination with 23-hrs cooled-stored semen produced the higher (P ≤ 0.05) fertility rate in groups received 1 and 2 mM CYS compared to the control group. In conclusion, addition of 1 and 2 mM CYS to the extender could be helpful to protect rooster semen against structural and functional damages of cooling storage process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Masoudi
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - S Esmaeilkhanian
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - M Sharafi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University. Tehran, Iran.
| | - Z Abdollahi
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - V Jafari
- Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - A Hatefi
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - F Zarei
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - N Asadzadeh
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - A Sadeghipanah
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - H J Barfourooshi
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - M H Banabazi
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Cysteamine with In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Immunomodulatory Effects Has the Potential to Be a Repurposing Drug Candidate for COVID-19 Therapy. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010052. [PMID: 35011614 PMCID: PMC8750154 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), needs better treatment options both at antiviral and anti-inflammatory levels. It has been demonstrated that the aminothiol cysteamine, an already human applied drug, and its disulfide product of oxidation, cystamine, have anti-infective properties targeting viruses, bacteria, and parasites. To determine whether these compounds exert antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2, we used different in vitro viral infected cell-based assays. Moreover, since cysteamine has also immune-modulatory activity, we investigated its ability to modulate SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response in vitro in blood samples from COVID-19 patients. We found that cysteamine and cystamine decreased SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effects (CPE) in Vero E6 cells. Interestingly, the antiviral action was independent of the treatment time respect to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, cysteamine and cystamine significantly decreased viral production in Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells. Finally, cysteamine and cystamine have an anti-inflammatory effect, as they significantly decrease the SARS-CoV-2 specific IFN-γ production in vitro in blood samples from COVID-19 patients. Overall, our findings suggest that cysteamine and cystamine exert direct antiviral actions against SARS-CoV-2 and have in vitro immunomodulatory effects, thus providing a rational to test these compounds as a novel therapy for COVID-19.
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Sawant N, Morton H, Kshirsagar S, Reddy AP, Reddy PH. Mitochondrial Abnormalities and Synaptic Damage in Huntington's Disease: a Focus on Defective Mitophagy and Mitochondria-Targeted Therapeutics. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6350-6377. [PMID: 34519969 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal and pure genetic disease with a progressive loss of medium spiny neurons (MSN). HD is caused by expanded polyglutamine repeats in the exon 1 of HD gene. Clinically, HD is characterized by chorea, seizures, involuntary movements, dystonia, cognitive decline, intellectual impairment, and emotional disturbances. Several years of intense research revealed that multiple cellular changes, including defective axonal transport, protein-protein interactions, defective bioenergetics, calcium dyshomeostasis, NMDAR activation, synaptic damage, mitochondrial abnormalities, and selective loss of medium spiny neurons are implicated in HD. Recent research on mutant huntingtin (mHtt) and mitochondria has found that mHtt interacts with the mitochondrial division protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), enhances GTPase DRP1 enzymatic activity, and causes excessive mitochondrial fragmentation and abnormal distribution, leading to defective axonal transport of mitochondria and selective synaptic degeneration. Recent research also revealed that failure to remove dead and/or dying mitochondria is an early event in the disease progression. Currently, efforts are being made to reduce abnormal protein interactions and enhance synaptic mitophagy as therapeutic strategies for HD. The purpose of this article is to discuss recent research in HD progression. This article also discusses recent developments of cell and mouse models, cellular changes, mitochondrial abnormalities, DNA damage, bioenergetics, oxidative stress, mitophagy, and therapeutics strategies in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sawant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hallie Morton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Neurology, Department of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Public Health and School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Neuroscience & Pharmacology3601 4th Street, NeurologyLubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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What role for cysteamine in the defence against infection? Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:629-635. [PMID: 34027984 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aminothiol cysteamine has many potential therapeutic applications and is also an endogenous molecule, produced in the body via the activity of pantetheinase enzymes such as vanin-1. This simple small molecule is highly reactive in biological settings and much is yet unknown about its endogenous role in innate immunity to infection, including the impact of cysteamine on bacterial pathogens. We discuss the literature surrounding its biochemistry and challenges to its development as well as the multiple beneficial properties which have been uncovered that support research into its development as novel antimicrobial therapy.
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Wang Y, Shin I, Li J, Liu A. Crystal structure of human cysteamine dioxygenase provides a structural rationale for its function as an oxygen sensor. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101176. [PMID: 34508780 PMCID: PMC8503633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO) plays a vital role in regulating thiol metabolism and preserving oxygen homeostasis in humans by oxidizing the sulfur of cysteamine and N-terminal cysteine-containing proteins to their corresponding sulfinic acids using O2 as a cosubstrate. However, as the only thiol dioxygenase that processes both small-molecule and protein substrates, how ADO handles diverse substrates of disparate sizes to achieve various reactions is not understood. The knowledge gap is mainly due to the three-dimensional structure not being solved, as ADO cannot be directly compared with other known thiol dioxygenases. Herein, we report the first crystal structure of human ADO at a resolution of 1.78 Å with a nickel-bound metal center. Crystallization was achieved through both metal substitution and C18S/C239S double mutations. The metal center resides in a tunnel close to an entry site flanked by loops. While ADO appears to use extensive flexibility to handle substrates of different sizes, it also employs proline and proline pairs to maintain the core protein structure and to retain the residues critical for catalysis in place. This feature distinguishes ADO from thiol dioxygenases that only oxidize small-molecule substrates, possibly explaining its divergent substrate specificity. Our findings also elucidate the structural basis for ADO functioning as an oxygen sensor by modifying N-degron substrates to transduce responses to hypoxia. Thus, this work fills a gap in structure–function relationships of the thiol dioxygenase family and provides a platform for further mechanistic investigation and therapeutic intervention targeting impaired oxygen sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Inchul Shin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jiasong Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Aimin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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Angelova PR. Sources and triggers of oxidative damage in neurodegeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 173:52-63. [PMID: 34224816 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration describes a group of more than 300 neurological diseases, characterised by neuronal loss and intra- or extracellular protein depositions, as key neuropathological features. Multiple factors play role in the pathogenesis of these group of disorders: mitochondrial dysfunction, membrane damage, calcium dyshomeostasis, metallostasis, defect clearance and renewal mechanisms, to name a few. All these factors, without exceptions, have in common the involvement of immensely increased generation of free radicals and occurrence of oxidative stress, and as a result - exhaustion of the scavenging potency of the cellular redox defence mechanisms. Besides genetic predisposition and environmental exposure to toxins, the main risk factor for developing neurodegeneration is age. And although the "Free radical theory of ageing" was declared dead, it is undisputable that accumulation of damage occurs with age, especially in systems that are regulated by free radical messengers and those that oppose oxidative stress, protein oxidation and the accuracy in protein synthesis and degradation machinery has difficulties to be maintained. This brief review provides a comprehensive summary on the main sources of free radical damage, occurring in the setting of neurodegeneration.
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Huang S, Wu Z, Huang Z, Hao X, Zhang L, Hu C, Wei J, Deng J, Tan C. Maternal supply of cysteamine alleviates oxidative stress and enhances angiogenesis in porcine placenta. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:91. [PMID: 34372937 PMCID: PMC8353810 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress in placenta is associated with the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in sow, but there are few satisfactory treatment strategies for these conditions. This study investigated the potential of cysteamine (CS) as an antioxidant protectant for regulating the reproductive performance, redox status, and placental angiogenesis of sows. METHODS The placental oxidative stress status and vascular density of piglets with different birth weights: < 1.0 kg (low birth weight, LBW) and 1.4-1.6 kg (normal birth weight, NBW) were evaluated, followed by allotting 84 sows to four treatments (n = 21) and feeding them with a basal diet supplemented with 0, 100, 300, or 500 mg/kg of CS from d 85 of gestation to d 21 of lactation, respectively. Placenta, serum, and colostrum samples of sows or piglets were collected, and the characteristics of sows and piglets were recorded. Furthermore, the in vivo results were validated using porcine vascular endothelial cells (PVECs). RESULTS Compared with the NBW placentae, the LBW placentae showed increased oxidative damage and were vulnerable to angiogenesis impairment. Particularly, H2O2-induced oxidative stress prompted intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and inhibited the tube formation and migration of PVECs as well as the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in vitro. However, dietary CS supplementation can alleviate oxidative stress and improve the reproductive performance of sows. Specifically, compared with the control group, dietary 100 mg/kg CS could (1) decrease the stillbirth and invalid rates, and increase both the piglet birth weight in the low yield sows and the placental efficiency; (2) increase glutathione and reduce malondialdehyde in both the serum and the colostrum of sows; (3) increase the levels of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione in LBW placentae; (4) increase the vascular density, the mRNA level of VEGF-A, and the immune-staining intensity of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 in the LBW placentae. Furthermore, the in vitro experiment indicated that CS pre-treatment could significantly reverse the NADPH oxidase 2-ROS-mediated inactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat3) signaling pathway induced by H2O2 inhibition of the proliferation, tube formation, and migration of PVECs. Meanwhile, inhibition of Stat3 significantly decreased the cell viability, tube formation and the VEGF-A protein level in CS pretreated with H2O2-cultured PVECs. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that oxidative stress and impaired angiogenesis might contribute to the occurrence of LBW piglets during pregnancy, but CS supplementation at 100 mg/kg during late gestation and lactation of sows could alleviate oxidative stress and enhance angiogenesis in placenta, thereby increasing birth weight in low yield sows and reducing stillbirth rate. The in vitro data showed that the underlying mechanism for the positive effects of CS might be related to the activation of Stat3 in PVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Zifang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Longmiao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengjun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfu Wei
- Guangzhou DaBeiNong Agri-animal Huabandry Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chengquan Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Xuan Z, Gu X, Yan S, Xie Y, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Jin H, Hu S, Mak MSH, Zhou D, Keung Tsim KW, Carlier PR, Han Y, Cui W. Dimeric Tacrine(10)-hupyridone as a Multitarget-Directed Ligand To Treat Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2462-2477. [PMID: 34156230 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with multiple pathological features. Therefore, a multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy has been developed to treat AD. We have previously designed and synthesized dimeric tacrine(10)-hupyridone (A10E), a novel tacrine derivative with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) activation activity, by linking tacrine and a fragment of huperzine A. However, it was largely unknown whether A10E could act on other AD targets and produce cognitive-enhancing ability in AD animal models. In this study, A10E could prevent cognitive impairments in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers-treated mice, with higher potency than tacrine and huperzine A. Moreover, A10E could effectively inhibit Aβ production and deposition, alleviate neuroinflammation, enhance BDNF expression, and elevate cholinergic neurotransmission in vivo. At nanomolar concentrations, A10E could inhibit Aβ oligomers-induced neurotoxicity via the activation of tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB)/Akt pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, Aβ oligomerization and fibrillization could be directly disrupted by A10E. Importantly, A10E at high concentrations did not produce obvious hepatotoxicity. Our results indicated that A10E could produce anti-AD neuroprotective effects via the inhibition of Aβ aggregation, the activation of the BDNF/TrkB pathway, the alleviation of neuroinflammation, and the decrease of AChE activity. As MTDLs could produce additional benefits, such as overcoming the deficits of drug combination and enhancing the compliance of AD patients, our results also suggested that A10E might be developed as a promising MTDL lead for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenquan Xuan
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo 315211, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xinmei Gu
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Sicheng Yan
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yanfei Xie
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yiying Zhou
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Haibo Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Ningbo University and Ningbo City Third Hospital, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shengquan Hu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Marvin S. H. Mak
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | | | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Paul R. Carlier
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Yifan Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo 315211, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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van Vliet S, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Provenza FD, Kronberg SL, Pieper CF, Huffman KM. A metabolomics comparison of plant-based meat and grass-fed meat indicates large nutritional differences despite comparable Nutrition Facts panels. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13828. [PMID: 34226581 PMCID: PMC8257669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A new generation of plant-based meat alternatives-formulated to mimic the taste and nutritional composition of red meat-have attracted considerable consumer interest, research attention, and media coverage. This has raised questions of whether plant-based meat alternatives represent proper nutritional replacements to animal meat. The goal of our study was to use untargeted metabolomics to provide an in-depth comparison of the metabolite profiles a popular plant-based meat alternative (n = 18) and grass-fed ground beef (n = 18) matched for serving size (113 g) and fat content (14 g). Despite apparent similarities based on Nutrition Facts panels, our metabolomics analysis found that metabolite abundances between the plant-based meat alternative and grass-fed ground beef differed by 90% (171 out of 190 profiled metabolites; false discovery rate adjusted p < 0.05). Several metabolites were found either exclusively (22 metabolites) or in greater quantities in beef (51 metabolites) (all, p < 0.05). Nutrients such as docosahexaenoic acid (ω-3), niacinamide (vitamin B3), glucosamine, hydroxyproline and the anti-oxidants allantoin, anserine, cysteamine, spermine, and squalene were amongst those only found in beef. Several other metabolites were found exclusively (31 metabolites) or in greater quantities (67 metabolites) in the plant-based meat alternative (all, p < 0.05). Ascorbate (vitamin C), phytosterols, and several phenolic anti-oxidants such as loganin, sulfurol, syringic acid, tyrosol, and vanillic acid were amongst those only found in the plant-based meat alternative. Large differences in metabolites within various nutrient classes (e.g., amino acids, dipeptides, vitamins, phenols, tocopherols, and fatty acids) with physiological, anti-inflammatory, and/or immunomodulatory roles indicate that these products should not be viewed as truly nutritionally interchangeable, but could be viewed as complementary in terms of provided nutrients. The new information we provide is important for making informed decisions by consumers and health professionals. It cannot be determined from our data if either source is healthier to consume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan van Vliet
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - James R Bain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Scott L Kronberg
- Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Mandan, ND, USA
| | - Carl F Pieper
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Dvela-Levitt M, Shaw JL, Greka A. A Rare Kidney Disease To Cure Them All? Towards Mechanism-Based Therapies for Proteinopathies. Trends Mol Med 2020; 27:394-409. [PMID: 33341352 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney diseases (ADTKDs) are a group of rare genetic diseases that lead to kidney failure. Mutations in the MUC1 gene cause ADTKD-MUC1 (MUC1 kidney disease, MKD), a disorder with no available therapies. Recent studies have identified the molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive MKD disease pathogenesis. Armed with patient-derived cell lines and pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived kidney organoids, it was found that MKD is a toxic proteinopathy caused by the intracellular accumulation of misfolded MUC1 protein in the early secretory pathway. We discuss the advantages of studying rare monogenic kidney diseases, describe effective patient-derived model systems, and highlight recent mechanistic insights into protein quality control that have implications for additional proteinopathies beyond rare kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Dvela-Levitt
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jillian L Shaw
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Smith FM, Kosman DJ. Molecular Defects in Friedreich's Ataxia: Convergence of Oxidative Stress and Cytoskeletal Abnormalities. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:569293. [PMID: 33263002 PMCID: PMC7686857 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.569293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is a multi-faceted disease characterized by progressive sensory–motor loss, neurodegeneration, brain iron accumulation, and eventual death by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. FRDA follows loss of frataxin (FXN), a mitochondrial chaperone protein required for incorporation of iron into iron–sulfur cluster and heme precursors. After the discovery of the molecular basis of FRDA in 1996, over two decades of research have been dedicated to understanding the temporal manifestations of disease both at the whole body and molecular level. Early research indicated strong cellular iron dysregulation in both human and yeast models followed by onset of oxidative stress. Since then, the pathophysiology due to dysregulation of intracellular iron chaperoning has become central in FRDA relative to antioxidant defense and run-down in energy metabolism. At the same time, limited consideration has been given to changes in cytoskeletal organization, which was one of the first molecular defects noted. These alterations include both post-translational oxidative glutathionylation of actin monomers and differential DNA processing of a cytoskeletal regulator PIP5K1β. Currently unknown in respect to FRDA but well understood in the context of FXN-deficient cell physiology is the resulting impact on the cytoskeleton; this disassembly of actin filaments has a particularly profound effect on cell–cell junctions characteristic of barrier cells. With respect to a neurodegenerative disorder such as FRDA, this cytoskeletal and tight junction breakdown in the brain microvascular endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier is likely a component of disease etiology. This review serves to outline a brief history of this research and hones in on pathway dysregulation downstream of iron-related pathology in FRDA related to actin dynamics. The review presented here was not written with the intent of being exhaustive, but to instead urge the reader to consider the essentiality of the cytoskeleton and appreciate the limited knowledge on FRDA-related cytoskeletal dysfunction as a result of oxidative stress. The review examines previous hypotheses of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) in FRDA with a specific biochemical focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Daniel J Kosman
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Riccio BVF, Spósito L, Carvalho GC, Ferrari PC, Chorilli M. Resveratrol isoforms and conjugates: A review from biosynthesis in plants to elimination from the human body. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000146. [PMID: 32886393 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The natural isomers of resveratrol, cis- and trans-resveratrol, are natural phenolic substances synthetized via the shikimate pathway and found in many sources, including grapes, peanuts, blackberries, pistachios, cacao, cranberries, and jackfruits. They have functional and pharmacological properties such as anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective activities. The aim of this article is to review the data published on resveratrol and its isomers, and their biosynthesis in plants, food sources, health and toxic effects, and the excretion of their metabolites. Due to its contribution to the promotion of human health, it is convenient to gather more knowledge about its functional properties, food sources, and the interactions with the human body during the processes of eating, digestion, absorption, biotransformation, and excretion, to combine this information to improve the understanding of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno V F Riccio
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Spósito
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela C Carvalho
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscileila C Ferrari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Siddu A, David LS, Lauinger N, Chen X, Saint-Pierre M, Alpaugh M, Durcan T, Cicchetti F. Beneficial effects of cysteamine in Thy1-α-Syn mice and induced pluripotent stem cells with a SNCA gene triplication. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105042. [PMID: 32798729 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of publications have reported that cysteamine has significant therapeutic effects on several aspects of Parkinson's disease (PD)-related pathology but none of these studies have evaluated its impact on pathological forms of α-Synuclein (α-Syn), one of the main hallmarks of PD. We therefore tested the efficacy of cysteamine on the Thy1-α-Syn mouse model which over-expresses full-length human wild-type α-Syn. Two-month (early stage disease) and 6-month old (late stage disease) mice and littermate controls were treated daily with cysteamine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) to assess the protective and restorative properties of this compound. After 6 weeks of treatment, animals were tested using a battery of motor tests. Cysteamine-treated transgenic mice displayed significant improvements in motor performance as compared to saline-treated transgenic littermates. Post-mortem readouts revealed a reduction in fibrillation, phosphorylation and total levels of overexpresed human α-Syn. To determine if such outcomes extended to human cells, the benefits of cysteamine were additionally tested using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treated neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a PD patient harbouring a triplication of the SNCA gene. SNCA neurons treated with cysteamine exhibited significantly more intact/healthy neurites than cells treated with 6-OHDA alone. Additionally, SNCA neurons treated with cysteamine in the absence of 6-OHDA showed a trend towards lower total α-Syn levels. Overall, our in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that cysteamine can act as a disease-modifying molecule by enhancing -the survival of dopaminergic neurons and reducing pathological forms of α-Syn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Siddu
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Linda Suzanne David
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nadine Lauinger
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Xiuqing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Martine Saint-Pierre
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Melanie Alpaugh
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thomas Durcan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Wang Y, Davis I, Chan Y, Naik SG, Griffith WP, Liu A. Characterization of the nonheme iron center of cysteamine dioxygenase and its interaction with substrates. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11789-11802. [PMID: 32601061 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO) has been reported to exhibit two distinct biological functions with a nonheme iron center. It catalyzes oxidation of both cysteamine in sulfur metabolism and N-terminal cysteine-containing proteins or peptides, such as regulator of G protein signaling 5 (RGS5). It thereby preserves oxygen homeostasis in a variety of physiological processes. However, little is known about its catalytic center and how it interacts with these two types of primary substrates in addition to O2 Here, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Mössbauer, and UV-visible spectroscopies, we explored the binding mode of cysteamine and RGS5 to human and mouse ADO proteins in their physiologically relevant ferrous form. This characterization revealed that in the presence of nitric oxide as a spin probe and oxygen surrogate, both the small molecule and the peptide substrates coordinate the iron center with their free thiols in a monodentate binding mode, in sharp contrast to binding behaviors observed in other thiol dioxygenases. We observed a substrate-bound B-type dinitrosyl iron center complex in ADO, suggesting the possibility of dioxygen binding to the iron ion in a side-on mode. Moreover, we observed substrate-mediated reduction of the iron center from ferric to the ferrous oxidation state. Subsequent MS analysis indicated corresponding disulfide formation of the substrates, suggesting that the presence of the substrate could reactivate ADO to defend against oxidative stress. The findings of this work contribute to the understanding of the substrate interaction in ADO and fill a gap in our knowledge of the substrate specificity of thiol dioxygenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ian Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yan Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sunil G Naik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Aimin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, USA .,Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Su T, Qin XY, Furutani Y, Yu W, Kojima S. Imaging of the ex vivo transglutaminase activity in liver macrophages of sepsis mice. Anal Biochem 2020; 597:113654. [PMID: 32142762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of death in hospitalized patients and is characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory response to infection and multiple organ failure, including the liver. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme that exhibits transamidase, GTPase, and integrin-binding activities and has opposing roles in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. TG2 plays both pathogenic and protective roles in liver diseases, revealing the need to examine the activities of TG2. Here, we introduced an ex vivo imaging approach to examine the in vivo transamidase activity of TG2 based on the combination of intraperitoneal injection of 5-biotinamidopentylamine (5BAPA), a biotinylated substrate for TG2, and fluorescent streptavidin staining in frozen liver sections. Increased 5BAPA signals was observed in the livers of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mice. Pharmacological inhibition of TG2 activity ameliorated LPS-induced liver injury. 5BAPA signals were observed in TG2-expressing and F4/80-positive midzonal macrophages, providing direct evidence that activated macrophages are the major cellular source of active TG2 in the livers of sepsis mice. Further studies focusing on the activation of 5BAPA-stained midzonal macrophages may improve understanding of the molecular pathophysiology and the development of therapeutic strategies for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Su
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China; Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xian-Yang Qin
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Furutani
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Wenkui Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Oxidative-Antioxidant Imbalance and Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Schizophrenia. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030384. [PMID: 32121669 PMCID: PMC7175146 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder featuring chronic, complex neuropsychiatric features. The etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia are not fully understood. Oxidative-antioxidant imbalance is a potential determinant of schizophrenia. Oxidative, nitrosative, or sulfuric damage to enzymes of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as calcium transport and ATP biosynthesis might cause impaired bioenergetics function in the brain. This could explain the initial symptoms, such as the first psychotic episode and mild cognitive impairment. Another concept of the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia is associated with impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance with the activation of the mTOR mitochondrial pathway, which may contribute to impaired neuronal development. Consequently, cognitive processes requiring ATP are compromised and dysfunctions in synaptic transmission lead to neuronal death, preceding changes in key brain areas. This review summarizes the role and mutual interactions of oxidative damage and impaired glucose metabolism as key factors affecting metabolic complications in schizophrenia. These observations may be a premise for novel potential therapeutic targets that will delay not only the onset of first symptoms but also the progression of schizophrenia and its complications.
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