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Zhou Z, Yan Y, Gu H, Sun R, Liao Z, Xue K, Tang C. Dopamine in the prefrontal cortex plays multiple roles in the executive function of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1759-1767. [PMID: 38103242 PMCID: PMC10960281 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease can affect not only motor functions but also cognitive abilities, leading to cognitive impairment. One common issue in Parkinson's disease with cognitive dysfunction is the difficulty in executive functioning. Executive functions help us plan, organize, and control our actions based on our goals. The brain area responsible for executive functions is called the prefrontal cortex. It acts as the command center for the brain, especially when it comes to regulating executive functions. The role of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive processes is influenced by a chemical messenger called dopamine. However, little is known about how dopamine affects the cognitive functions of patients with Parkinson's disease. In this article, the authors review the latest research on this topic. They start by looking at how the dopaminergic system, is altered in Parkinson's disease with executive dysfunction. Then, they explore how these changes in dopamine impact the synaptic structure, electrical activity, and connection components of the prefrontal cortex. The authors also summarize the relationship between Parkinson's disease and dopamine-related cognitive issues. This information may offer valuable insights and directions for further research and improvement in the clinical treatment of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yalong Yan
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruiao Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zihan Liao
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuanxi Tang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Bhatt IS, Garay JAR, Bhagavan SG, Ingalls V, Dias R, Torkamani A. A genome-wide association study reveals a polygenic architecture of speech-in-noise deficits in individuals with self-reported normal hearing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13089. [PMID: 38849415 PMCID: PMC11161523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Speech-in-noise (SIN) perception is a primary complaint of individuals with audiometric hearing loss. SIN performance varies drastically, even among individuals with normal hearing. The present genome-wide association study (GWAS) investigated the genetic basis of SIN deficits in individuals with self-reported normal hearing in quiet situations. GWAS was performed on 279,911 individuals from the UB Biobank cohort, with 58,847 reporting SIN deficits despite reporting normal hearing in quiet. GWAS identified 996 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), achieving significance (p < 5*10-8) across four genomic loci. 720 SNPs across 21 loci achieved suggestive significance (p < 10-6). GWAS signals were enriched in brain tissues, such as the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and inferior temporal cortex. Cochlear cell types revealed no significant association with SIN deficits. SIN deficits were associated with various health traits, including neuropsychiatric, sensory, cognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory conditions. A replication analysis was conducted on 242 healthy young adults. Self-reported speech perception, hearing thresholds (0.25-16 kHz), and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (1-16 kHz) were utilized for the replication analysis. 73 SNPs were replicated with a self-reported speech perception measure. 211 SNPs were replicated with at least one and 66 with at least two audiological measures. 12 SNPs near or within MAPT, GRM3, and HLA-DQA1 were replicated for all audiological measures. The present study highlighted a polygenic architecture underlying SIN deficits in individuals with self-reported normal hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Sunilkumar Bhatt
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Srividya Grama Bhagavan
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Valerie Ingalls
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Raquel Dias
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Ali Torkamani
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Tippett DC, Neophytou K, Tao Y, Gallegos J, Morrow C, Onyike CU, Tsapkini K. Long-term, home-based transcranial direct current stimulation coupled with computerized cognitive training in frontotemporal dementia: A case report. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2024; 16:11795735241258435. [PMID: 38835997 PMCID: PMC11149448 DOI: 10.1177/11795735241258435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 62-year-old woman with probable behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) with cognitive/language deficits who demonstrated improved performance on cognitive/language testing and in functional tasks following long-term, home-based transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) coupled with computerized cognitive training (CCT). The patient underwent home-based tDCS (anode on the left prefrontal cortex and cathode on the right homologue) for 46 sessions over 10 weeks along with CCT. On post-treatment testing, the patient improved by 3 points on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) (23 to 26). She also showed improvement on several cognitive/language tasks, such as immediate recall of single words and word pairs, total accurate words in sentence repetition, delayed recall, semantic processing, and sentence level comprehension. There was no decline in several other cognitive and language tasks. Family members reported subjective improvements in expressiveness, communication, and interaction with others as well as increased attention to grooming and style which contrasted with her pre-treatment condition. This report suggests that home-based tDCS combined with CCT for an extended period may slow decline, and improve cognitive/language performance and everyday function in FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna C Tippett
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kyriaki Neophytou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuan Tao
- Department of Cognitive Science, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Gallegos
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Morrow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chiadi U Onyike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kyrana Tsapkini
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Deiana G, He J, Cabrera-Mendoza B, Ciccocioppo R, Napolioni V, Polimanti R. Brain-wide pleiotropy investigation of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking behaviors. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.27.24307989. [PMID: 38854122 PMCID: PMC11160805 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.27.24307989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the pleiotropic mechanisms linking brain structure and function to alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking, we integrated genome-wide data generated by the GWAS and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use (GSCAN; up to 805,431 participants) with information related to 3,935 brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) available from UK Biobank (N=33,224). We observed global genetic correlation of smoking behaviors with white matter hyperintensities, the morphology of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the mean thickness of pole-occipital. With respect to the latter brain IDP, we identified a local genetic correlation with age at which the individual began smoking regularly (hg38 chr2:35,895,678-36,640,246: rho=1, p=1.01×10 -5 ). This region has been previously associated with smoking initiation, educational attainment, chronotype, and cortical thickness. Our genetically informed causal inference analysis using both latent causal variable approach and Mendelian randomization linked the activity of prefrontal and premotor cortex and that of superior and inferior precentral sulci, and cingulate sulci to the number of alcoholic drinks per week (genetic causality proportion, gcp=0.38, p=8.9×10 -4 , rho=-0.18±0.07; inverse variance weighting, IVW beta=-0.04, 95%CI=-0.07 - -0.01). This relationship could be related to the role of these brain regions in the modulation of reward-seeking motivation and the processing of social cues. Overall, our brain-wide investigation highlighted that different pleiotropic mechanisms likely contribute to the relationship of brain structure and function with alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking, suggesting decision-making activities and chemosensory processing as modulators of propensity towards alcohol and tobacco consumption.
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Zhang Y, Wu P, Xie S, Hou Y, Wu H, Shi H. The neural mechanism of communication between graduate students and advisers in different adviser-advisee relationships. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11741. [PMID: 38778035 PMCID: PMC11111769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Communication is crucial in constructing the relationship between students and advisers, ultimately bridging interpersonal interactions. Only a few studies however explore the communication between postgraduate students and advisers. To fill the gaps in the empirical researches, this study uses functional near-infrared spectroscopy (FNIRS) techniques to explore the neurophysiology differences in brain activation of postgraduates with different adviser-advise relationships during simulated communication with their advisers. Results showed significant differences in the activation of the prefrontal cortex between high-quality and the low-quality students during simulating and when communicating with advisers, specifically in the Broca's areas, the frontal pole, and the orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. This further elucidated the complex cognitive process of communication between graduate students and advisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Research Center for Innovative Education and Critical Thinking, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Simiao Xie
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Mental Health Education Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510631, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Hou
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Mental Health Education Center, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 450004, Hubei, China
| | - Huifen Wu
- School of Education, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432100, Hubei, China.
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Byrne C, Coetzer R, Ramsey R. Cognitive Processing Speed and Loneliness in Stroke Survivors: Insights from a Large-Scale Cohort Study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024:acae032. [PMID: 38760928 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loneliness, when prolonged, is associated with many deleterious effects and has been shown to be highly prevalent in those with a history of stroke, yet the cognitive mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon remain unclear. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the extent to which cognitive factors, with specific focus on processing speed, are associated with loneliness in those with a history of stroke. METHOD Utilizing data from the British Cohort Study, a nationally representative dataset, we conducted secondary data analysis. A total of 7,752 participants completed relevant questions related to health, social interactions, demographics, loneliness, and cognitive assessments. Among them, 47 had experienced a stroke ("stroke," n = 47), 5,545 reported other health conditions ("ill," n = 5,545), and 2,857 were deemed healthy ("healthy," n = 2,857). RESULTS Consistent with previous research, our findings confirmed a positive correlation between stroke history and heightened loneliness. However, inferential analysis revealed that processing speed, alongside other cognitive factors, had a minimal impact on loneliness, with correlations too small to draw definitive conclusions. CONCLUSION This study suggests that cognitive processing speed alone is not a robust predictor of loneliness in stroke survivors. Consequently, when developing interventions to combat loneliness in this population, it is crucial to consider a broader spectrum of factors, such as social engagement, emotional wellbeing, and interpersonal relationships. This underscores the imperative need for comprehensive assessments to better comprehend the multifaceted nature of loneliness and inform more effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Byrne
- School of Psychology & Sport Science, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, LL57 2AS, United Kingdom
- Brainkind, 32 Market Place, Burgess Hill, West Sussex, RH15 9NP, United Kingdom
| | - Rudi Coetzer
- School of Psychology & Sport Science, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, LL57 2AS, United Kingdom
- Brainkind, 32 Market Place, Burgess Hill, West Sussex, RH15 9NP, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Ramsey
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology and Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zürich, Stampfenbachstrasse 69, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
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Green GD, Jacewicz E, Santosa H, Arzbecker LJ, Fox RA. Evaluating Speaker-Listener Cognitive Effort in Speech Communication Through Brain-to-Brain Synchrony: A Pilot Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Investigation. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2024; 67:1339-1359. [PMID: 38535722 DOI: 10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We explore a new approach to the study of cognitive effort involved in listening to speech by measuring the brain activity in a listener in relation to the brain activity in a speaker. We hypothesize that the strength of this brain-to-brain synchrony (coupling) reflects the magnitude of cognitive effort involved in verbal communication and includes both listening effort and speaking effort. We investigate whether interbrain synchrony is greater in native-to-native versus native-to-nonnative communication using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). METHOD Two speakers participated, a native speaker of American English and a native speaker of Korean who spoke English as a second language. Each speaker was fitted with the fNIRS cap and told short stories. The native English speaker provided the English narratives, and the Korean speaker provided both the nonnative (accented) English and Korean narratives. In separate sessions, fNIRS data were obtained from seven English monolingual participants ages 20-24 years who listened to each speaker's stories. After listening to each story in native and nonnative English, they retold the content, and their transcripts and audio recordings were analyzed for comprehension and discourse fluency, measured in the number of hesitations and articulation rate. No story retellings were obtained for narratives in Korean (an incomprehensible language for English listeners). Utilizing fNIRS technique termed sequential scanning, we quantified the brain-to-brain synchronization in each speaker-listener dyad. RESULTS For native-to-native dyads, multiple brain regions associated with various linguistic and executive functions were activated. There was a weaker coupling for native-to-nonnative dyads, and only the brain regions associated with higher order cognitive processes and functions were synchronized. All listeners understood the content of all stories, but they hesitated significantly more when retelling stories told in accented English. The nonnative speaker hesitated significantly more often than the native speaker and had a significantly slower articulation rate. There was no brain-to-brain coupling during listening to Korean, indicating a break in communication when listeners failed to comprehend the speaker. CONCLUSIONS We found that effortful speech processing decreased interbrain synchrony and delayed comprehension processes. The obtained brain-based and behavioral patterns are consistent with our proposal that cognitive effort in verbal communication pertains to both the listener and the speaker and that brain-to-brain synchrony can be an indicator of differences in their cumulative communicative effort. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25452142.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoff D Green
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Ewa Jacewicz
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | | | - Lian J Arzbecker
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Robert A Fox
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
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Spaccavento S, Caliendo S, Galetta R, Picciola E, Losavio E, Glueckauf R. Pragmatic Communication Deficit and Functional Outcome in Patients with Right- and Left-Brain Damage: A Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:387. [PMID: 38672036 PMCID: PMC11048654 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pragmatic communication abilities refer to the capacity to use language in a social context. Despite evidence to the contrary, the left cerebral hemisphere of the majority of right handers has been considered exclusively specialized for control of language phonology, syntax and semantics, whereas the right hemisphere has been specialized for the control of language pragmatics. Many studies have shown the non-exclusivity of the left hemisphere for language skills. Communication deficits observed in these studies for patients with right hemisphere damage confirmed the necessity for integrity of the right hemisphere across a number of language components. The aim of this study is to investigate the specific role of the right and left hemispheres across several aspects of communication deficits, with particular attention given to the influence of these deficits on functional outcome. The second aim is to characterize possible correlations between pragmatic and other cognitive deficits. We evaluated 22 patients, 15 with left- and 7 with right-brain ischemic or hemorrhagic damage, using cognitive, pragmatic and language tests. We deployed the Right Hemisphere Language Battery-Santa Lucia and Montreal d'Evaluation de la Communication to assess pragmatic abilities. The results showed no statistically significant differences between patients with left- and right-brain damage, highlighting the importance of integration between the two hemispheres in the communication process. Multiple significant correlations were found between pragmatic abilities and cognitive tests assessing global cognitive functioning, pantomime expression and comprehension. Pragmatic deficits were also shown to correlate with functional cognitive outcome. It is important to assess pragmatic abilities in patients with cognitive deficits after both left and right stroke for tailoring neuropsychological intervention to mitigate pragmatic disabilities in functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Spaccavento
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri—IRCCS, Institute of Bari, Via Generale Bellomo 73/75, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (R.G.); (E.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Sofia Caliendo
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri—IRCCS, Institute of Bari, Via Generale Bellomo 73/75, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (R.G.); (E.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Roberta Galetta
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri—IRCCS, Institute of Bari, Via Generale Bellomo 73/75, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (R.G.); (E.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Emilia Picciola
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri—IRCCS, Institute of Bari, Via Generale Bellomo 73/75, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (R.G.); (E.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Ernesto Losavio
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri—IRCCS, Institute of Bari, Via Generale Bellomo 73/75, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (R.G.); (E.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Robert Glueckauf
- Department of Behavioral Sciences & Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 W. Call St., Suite 4112, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA;
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Jiang Y, Ramasawmy P, Antal A. Uncorking the limitation-improving dual tasking using transcranial electrical stimulation and task training in the elderly: a systematic review. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1267307. [PMID: 38650865 PMCID: PMC11033383 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1267307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction With aging, dual task (DT) ability declines and is more cognitively demanding than single tasks. Rapidly declining DT performance is regarded as a predictor of neurodegenerative disease. Task training and non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) are methods applied to optimize the DT ability of the elderly. Methods A systematic search was carried out in the PUBMED, TDCS (transcranial direct current stimulation) databases, as well as Web of Science, and a qualitative analysis was conducted in 56 included studies. Aiming to summarize the results of studies that implemented tES, task training, or the combination for improving DT ability and related performance changes in healthy elderly and geriatric patients. For different approaches, the training procedures, parameters, as well as outcomes were discussed. Results Task training, particularly cognitive-motor DT training, has more notable effects on improving DT performance in the elderly when compared to the neuromodulation method. Discussion Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC), or its combination with task training could be promising tools. However, additional evidence is required from aged healthy people and patients, as well as further exploration of electrode montage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Li X, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Wang H, Wang X. Neural correlates of breath work, mental imagery of yoga postures, and meditation in yoga practitioners: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1322071. [PMID: 38576867 PMCID: PMC10991824 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1322071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous research has shown numerous health benefits of yoga, a multicomponent physical and mental activity. The three important aspects of both traditional and modern yoga are breath work, postures, and meditation. However, the neural mechanisms associated with these three aspects of yoga remain largely unknown. The present study investigated the neural underpinnings associated with each of these three yoga components in long- and short-term yoga practitioners to clarify the neural advantages of yoga experience, aiming to provide a more comprehensive understanding of yoga's health-promoting effects. Methods Participants were 40 Chinese women, 20 with a long-term yoga practice and 20 with a short-term yoga practice. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was conducted while participants performed abdominal breathing, mental imagery of yoga postures, and mindfulness meditation. The oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations activated in the brain during these three tasks were used to assess the neural responses to the different aspects of yoga practice. The self-reported mastery of each yoga posture was used to assess the advantages of practicing yoga postures. Results Blood oxygen levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during breath work were significantly higher in long-term yoga practitioners than in short-term yoga practitioners. In the mental imagery of yoga postures task, self-reported data showed that long-term yoga practitioners had better mastery than short-term practitioners. Long-term yoga practitioners demonstrated lower activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, with lower blood oxygen levels associated with performing this task, than short-term yoga practitioners. In the mindfulness meditation task, blood oxygen levels in the orbitofrontal cortex and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly higher in long-term yoga practitioners than in short-term yoga practitioners. Conclusion The three core yoga components, namely, yogic breathing, postures, and meditation, showed differences and similarities in the activation levels of the prefrontal cortex. Long-term practice of each component led to the neural benefits of efficient activation in the prefrontal cortex, especially in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiawen Li
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbiao Wang
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Yeh CH, Lin PC, Tseng RY, Chao YP, Wu CT, Chou TL, Chen RS, Gau SSF, Ni HC, Lin HY. Lack of effects of eight-week left dorsolateral prefrontal theta burst stimulation on white matter macro/microstructure and connection in autism. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00874-x. [PMID: 38492129 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Whether brain stimulation could modulate brain structure in autism remains unknown. This study explored the impact of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on white matter macro/microstructure in intellectually able children and emerging adults with autism. Sixty autistic participants were randomized (30 active) and received active or sham cTBS for eight weeks twice per week, 16 total sessions using a double-blind (participant-, rater-, analyst-blinded) design. All participants received high-angular resolution diffusion MR imaging at baseline and week 8. Twenty-eight participants in the active group and twenty-seven in the sham group with good imaging quality entered the final analysis. With longitudinal fixel-based analysis and network-based statistics, we found no significant difference between the active and sham groups in changes of white matter macro/microstructure and connections following cTBS. In addition, we found no association between baseline white matter macro/microstructure and autistic symptom changes from baseline to week 8 in the active group. In conclusion, we did not find a significant impact of left DLPFC cTBS on white matter macro/microstructure and connections in children and emerging adults with autism. These findings need to be interpreted in the context that the current intellectually able cohort in a single university hospital site limits the generalizability. Future studies are required to investigate if higher stimulation intensities and/or doses, other personal factors, or rTMS parameters might confer significant brain structural changes visible on MRI in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hung Yeh
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No.5 Fusing St. Gueishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No.5 Fusing St. Gueishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Rung-Yu Tseng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chao
- Deparment of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chang Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No.5 Fusing St. Gueishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Ho CSH, Wang J, Tay GWN, Ho R, Husain SF, Chiang SK, Lin H, Cheng X, Li Z, Chen N. Interpretable deep learning model for major depressive disorder assessment based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 92:103901. [PMID: 38183738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects a substantial number of individuals worldwide. New approaches are required to improve the diagnosis of MDD, which relies heavily on subjective reports of depression-related symptoms. AIM Establish an objective measurement and evaluation of MDD. METHODS Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to investigate the brain activity of MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs). Leveraging a sizeable fNIRS dataset of 263 HCs and 251 patients with MDD, including mild to moderate MDD (mMDD; n = 139) and severe MDD (sMDD; n = 77), we developed an interpretable deep learning model for screening MDD and staging its severity. RESULTS The proposed deep learning model achieved an accuracy of 80.9% in diagnostic classification and 78.6% in severity staging for MDD. We discerned five channels with the most significant contribution to MDD identification through Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), located in the right medial prefrontal cortex, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right superior temporal gyrus, and left posterior superior frontal cortex. The findings corresponded closely to the features of haemoglobin responses between HCs and individuals with MDD, as we obtained a good discriminative ability for MDD using cortical channels that are related to the disorder, namely the frontal and temporal cortical channels with areas under the curve of 0.78 and 0.81, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the potential of integrating the fNIRS system with artificial intelligence algorithms to classify and stage MDD in clinical settings using a large dataset. This approach can potentially enhance MDD assessment and provide insights for clinical diagnosis and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Su Hui Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.
| | - Jinyuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gabrielle Wann Nii Tay
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; Institute of Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Syeda F Husain
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soon Kiat Chiang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; Institute of Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhifei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Nanguang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
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13
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Liu S, Han ZR, Xu J, Wang Q, Gao MM, Weng X, Qin S, Rubin KH. Parenting links to parent-child interbrain synchrony: a real-time fNIRS hyperscanning study. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad533. [PMID: 38220574 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Parent-child interaction is crucial for children's cognitive and affective development. While bio-synchrony models propose that parenting influences interbrain synchrony during interpersonal interaction, the brain-to-brain mechanisms underlying real-time parent-child interactions remain largely understudied. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, we investigated interbrain synchrony in 88 parent-child dyads (Mage children = 8.07, 42.0% girls) during a collaborative task (the Etch-a-Sketch, a joint drawing task). Our findings revealed increased interbrain synchrony in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and temporo-parietal areas during interactive, collaborative sessions compared to non-interactive, resting sessions. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that interbrain synchrony in the left temporoparietal junction was associated with enhanced dyadic collaboration, shared positive affect, parental autonomy support, and parental emotional warmth. These associations remained significant after controlling for demographic variables including child age, child gender, and parent gender. Additionally, differences between fathers and mothers were observed. These results highlight the significant association between brain-to-brain synchrony in parent-child dyads, the quality of the parent-child relationship, and supportive parenting behaviors. Interbrain synchrony may serve as a neurobiological marker of real-time parent-child interaction, potentially underscoring the pivotal role of supportive parenting in shaping these interbrain synchrony mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhuo Rachel Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jianjie Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qiandong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengyu Miranda Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaofang Weng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology at Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kenneth H Rubin
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
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Lee Y, Jung J, Kim H, Lee S. Comparison of the Influence of Dual-Task Activities on Prefrontal Activation and Gait Variables in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment during Straight and Curved Walking. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:235. [PMID: 38399523 PMCID: PMC10890268 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an early stage of dementia in which everyday tasks can be maintained; however, notable challenges may occur in memory, focus, and problem-solving skills. Therefore, motor-cognitive dual-task training is warranted to prevent cognitive decline and improve cognition in aging populations. This study aimed to determine the influence of such dual-task activities during straight and curved walking on the activities of the prefrontal cortex and associated gait variables in older adults with MCI. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven older adults aged ≥65 years and identified as having MCI based on their scores (18-23) on the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination were enrolled. The participants performed four task scenarios in random order: walking straight, walking straight with a cognitive task, walking curved, and walking curved with a cognitive task. The activation of the prefrontal cortex, which is manifested by a change in the level of oxyhemoglobin, was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The gait speed and step count were recorded during the task performance. Results: Significant differences were observed in prefrontal cortex activation and gait variables (p < 0.05). Specifically, a substantial increase was observed in prefrontal cortex activation during a dual task compared with that during a resting-state (p < 0.013). Additionally, significant variations were noted in the gait speed and step count (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study directly demonstrates the impact of motor-cognitive dual-task training on prefrontal cortex activation in older adults with MCI, suggesting the importance of including such interventions in enhancing cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jihye Jung
- Institute of SMART Rehabilitation, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyunjoong Kim
- Neuromusculoskeletal Science Laboratory, 15 Gangnam-daero 84-gil, Seoul 06232, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seungwon Lee
- Institute of SMART Rehabilitation, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
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15
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Pilon F, Boisvert M, Potvin S. Losing the chain of thought: A meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies using verbal tasks in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:238-246. [PMID: 38048673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorganization symptoms are a main feature of schizophrenia, which include illogical and incoherent thinking, circumstantiality, tangentiality and loose associations. As these symptoms entail language deficits, several functional neuroimaging studies have been performed in schizophrenia using verbal tasks, producing somewhat heterogenous results. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis seeking to identify the most reliable neural alterations observed in schizophrenia patients during such tasks. METHODS Web of Sciences, PubMed, and EMBASE were searched for functional neuroimaging studies during verbal tasks (e.g. verbal fluency and semantic processing) in schizophrenia. Out of 795 screened articles, 33 were eligible for this meta-analysis. A coordinated-based meta-analysis was performed with the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) approach, using the cluster-level family-wise error (FWE) correction set at p < 0.05. RESULTS In schizophrenia, hyperactivations were observed in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and hypoactivations were observed in the right IFG, the precentral gyrus and the left caudate nucleus. Another analysis pooling hyper- and hypoactivations revealed altered activations, firstly, in the left IFG and MFG, secondly, in the left precentral gyrus, IFG and insula, and, thirdly, in the left angular gyrus and precuneus. In the light of these results, not only classic language-related regions are abnormally activated during verbal tasks in schizophrenia, but also brain regions involved in executive functions, autobiographical memory and, unexpectedly, in motor functions. Further functional neuroimaging studies are needed to investigate the role of the striatum in linguistic sequencing in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Pilon
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Boisvert
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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16
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Kim J, Yang Y. Alterations in cognitive function and blood biomarkers following transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with amyloid positron emission tomography-positive Alzheimer's disease: a preliminary study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1327886. [PMID: 38178837 PMCID: PMC10765986 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1327886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by progressive cognitive decline. To address this, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled study to investigate the therapeutic potential of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on patients with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET)- positive AD. Methods Participants already undergoing pharmacological treatment and testing positive for amyloid PET were divided into Active-tDCS (n = 8) and Sham-tDCS (n = 8) groups. For 12 weeks, participants or their caregivers administered daily bi-frontal tDCS (YMS-201B+, Ybrain Inc., Seongnam, Korea) at home (2 mA, 30 min). Pre- and post-intervention assessments included neuropsychological tests and blood sample measurements for oligomerized beta-amyloid. Results The Active-tDCS group demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive domains such as language abilities, verbal memory, and attention span and in frontal lobe functions compared to the Sham-tDCS group. Furthermore, the Active-tDCS group showed a marked reduction in post-intervention plasma Aβ oligomerization tendency level, suggesting changes in pivotal AD-associated biomarkers. Discussion Our results emphasize the potential therapeutic benefits of tDCS for mild AD patients with amyloid PET positivity and stress the urgency for broader research, considering the global challenges of dementia and the need to pursue innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinuk Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoon Yang
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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17
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Nguyen MVH, Vaughn KA, Claussenius-Kalman H, Archila-Suerte P, Hernandez AE. Cortical Thickness Is Related to Variability in Heritage Bilingual Language Proficiency. TRANSLATIONAL ISSUES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:364-379. [PMID: 38125719 PMCID: PMC10732586 DOI: 10.1037/tps0000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that bilingual experience is associated with gray matter changes, such that initial language gains are associated with expansion and language expertise is associated with renormalization. Previous studies on language proficiency development primarily focused on between-subjects, quasiexperimental comparisons of monolinguals and bilinguals. This study proposes a new paradigm to examine language expertise and cortical thickness within heritage bilinguals (n = 215), as well as between bilinguals and monolinguals (n = 145), using data combined from eight previous magnetic resonance imaging studies. In general, results highlight variability within bilinguals, finding relationships between cortical thickness and English proficiency that are relatively consistent within monolinguals, but inconsistent within bilinguals. In all participants, higher levels of proficiency in English-monolinguals' only language and bilinguals' second but stronger language-were negatively related to cortical thickness. In bilinguals, higher proficiency in the weaker, albeit first learned, language was positively related to cortical thickness. Moreover, there was an interaction between language group and English proficiency in predicting cortical thickness, such that the relationship between proficiency and thickness was stronger in monolinguals than in bilinguals. Findings also demonstrate that the regions associated with language expertise differ between bilinguals and monolinguals. Future directions for cognitive-developmental neuroscience research in bilinguals are suggested, particularly the longitudinal examination of cortical changes in relation to bilingual experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly A Vaughn
- Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
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18
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Senczyszyn A, Szcześniak D, Wieczorek T, Maciaszek J, Małecka M, Bogudzińska B, Zimny A, Fila-Pawłowska K, Rymaszewska J. Improvement of working memory in older adults with mild cognitive impairment after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation - a randomized controlled pilot study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1196478. [PMID: 38111617 PMCID: PMC10726746 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1196478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive technique that could improve cognitive function. It is being developed as a non-pharmacological intervention to alleviate symptoms of cognitive deterioration. We assessed the efficacy of rTMS in improving cognitive functioning among people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in a partially-blinded, sham-controlled randomized trial. Out of 91 subjects screened, 31 participants with MCI (mean age 70.73; SD = 4.47), were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (A) Active rTMS; (B) Active rTMS with Computerized Cognitive Training RehaCom; and (C) Sham control. The study evaluated cognitive function using the DemTect, FAS, and CANTAB tests before and after the stimulation. The following treatment protocol was applied: 2000 pulses at 10 Hz, 5-s train duration, and 25-s intervals at 110% of resting MT delivered over the left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) five times a week for 2 weeks. After 10 sessions of high-frequency rTMS, there was an improvement in overall cognitive function and memory, assessed by the DemTect evaluation, with no serious adverse effects. Analysis of differences in time (after 10 sessions) between studied groups showed statistically significant improvement in DemTect total score (time by group interaction p = 0.026) in favor of rTMS+RehaCom. The linear regression of CANTAB Paired Associates Learning revealed significant differences in favor of rTMS+RehaCom in three subtests. Our study shows that 10 sessions of rTMS over the left DLPFC (alone as well as combined with Computerized Cognitive Training) can have a positive impact on cognitive function in people with MCI. Further research should investigate the underlying mechanism and determine the optimal parameters for rTMS, which will be important for its efficacy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Szcześniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wieczorek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Julian Maciaszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Małecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bogna Bogudzińska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Zimny
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Rymaszewska
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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Jangraw DC, Finn ES, Bandettini PA, Landi N, Sun H, Hoeft F, Chen G, Pugh KR, Molfese PJ. Inter-subject correlation during long narratives reveals widespread neural correlates of reading ability. Neuroimage 2023; 282:120390. [PMID: 37751811 PMCID: PMC10783814 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent work using fMRI inter-subject correlation analysis has provided new information about the brain's response to video and audio narratives, particularly in frontal regions not typically activated by single words. This approach is very well suited to the study of reading, where narrative is central to natural experience. But since past reading paradigms have primarily presented single words or phrases, the influence of narrative on semantic processing in the brain - and how that influence might change with reading ability - remains largely unexplored. In this study, we presented coherent stories to adolescents and young adults with a wide range of reading abilities. The stories were presented in alternating visual and auditory blocks. We used a dimensional inter-subject correlation analysis to identify regions in which better and worse readers had varying levels of consistency with other readers. This analysis identified a widespread set of brain regions in which activity timecourses were more similar among better readers than among worse readers. These differences were not detected with standard block activation analyses. Worse readers had higher correlation with better readers than with other worse readers, suggesting that the worse readers had "idiosyncratic" responses rather than using a single compensatory mechanism. Close inspection confirmed that these differences were not explained by differences in IQ or motion. These results suggest an expansion of the current view of where and how reading ability is reflected in the brain, and in doing so, they establish inter-subject correlation as a sensitive tool for future studies of reading disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Jangraw
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States.
| | - Emily S Finn
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Peter A Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Center for Multimodal Neuroimaging, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicole Landi
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Haorui Sun
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Fumiko Hoeft
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Gang Chen
- Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth R Pugh
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Peter J Molfese
- Center for Multimodal Neuroimaging, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States
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McAfee SS, Robinson G, Gajjar A, Zhang S, Bag AK, Raches D, Conklin HM, Khan RB, Scoggins MA. Cerebellar mutism is linked to midbrain volatility and desynchronization from speech cortices. Brain 2023; 146:4755-4765. [PMID: 37343136 PMCID: PMC10629755 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar mutism syndrome is a disorder of speech, movement and affect that can occur after tumour removal from the posterior fossa. Projections from the fastigial nuclei to the periaqueductal grey area were recently implicated in its pathogenesis, but the functional consequences of damaging these projections remain poorly understood. Here, we examine functional MRI data from patients treated for medulloblastoma to identify functional changes in key brain areas that comprise the motor system for speech, which occur along the timeline of acute speech impairment in cerebellar mutism syndrome. One hundred and twenty-four participants, all with medulloblastoma, contributed to the study: 45 with cerebellar mutism syndrome, 11 patients with severe postoperative deficits other than mutism, and 68 without either (asymptomatic). We first performed a data-driven parcellation to spatially define functional nodes relevant to the cohort that align with brain regions critical for the motor control of speech. We then estimated functional connectivity between these nodes during the initial postoperative imaging sessions to identify functional deficits associated with the acute phase of the disorder. We further analysed how functional connectivity changed over time within a subset of participants that had suitable imaging acquired over the course of recovery. Signal dispersion was also measured in the periaqueductal grey area and red nuclei to estimate activity in midbrain regions considered key targets of the cerebellum with suspected involvement in cerebellar mutism pathogenesis. We found evidence of periaqueductal grey dysfunction in the acute phase of the disorder, with abnormal volatility and desynchronization with neocortical language nodes. Functional connectivity with periaqueductal grey was restored in imaging sessions that occurred after speech recovery and was further shown to be increased with left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The amygdalae were also broadly hyperconnected with neocortical nodes in the acute phase. Stable connectivity differences between groups were broadly present throughout the cerebrum, and one of the most substantial differences-between Broca's area and the supplementary motor area-was found to be inversely related to cerebellar outflow pathway damage in the mutism group. These results reveal systemic changes in the speech motor system of patients with mutism, centred on limbic areas tasked with the control of phonation. These findings provide further support for the hypothesis that periaqueductal grey dysfunction (following cerebellar surgical injury) contributes to the transient postoperative non-verbal episode commonly observed in cerebellar mutism syndrome but highlights a potential role of intact cerebellocortical projections in chronic features of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S McAfee
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Giles Robinson
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Silu Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Asim K Bag
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Darcy Raches
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Heather M Conklin
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Raja B Khan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Matthew A Scoggins
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Kelly JT, Wilkes JR, Slobounov SM. An Examination of Visual Quality of Life and Functional Vision Among Collision and Non-Collision Athletes Over a Competitive Season. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 38:1115-1123. [PMID: 37097732 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Repetitive head impacts (RHIs) experienced during sports are gaining attention due to potential long-term neurological dysfunction, absent of a diagnosed concussion. One area susceptible to dysfunction is vision. The goal of this study was to evaluate changes in visual quality of life (VQOL) and functional vision scores from pre- to post-season among collision and non-collision athletes. METHODS The Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 and Neuro-Ophthalmic Supplement (NOS), as well as functional vision testing (Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System - MULES) were completed pre- and post-season by three groups: collision athletes, non-collision athletes, and minimally active controls (MACs). RESULTS There were 42 participants, with 41 (21 male, 20 female) completing both testing sessions, with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 21 (2.46) years (collision group, n = 14; non-collision group, n = 13, MACs, n = 14). Baseline analyses revealed no significant differences between groups for VQOL or MULES scores. However, those with a family history of psychiatric disorder scored significantly worse on NOS. Post-season/follow-up testing revealed no significant differences between groups for VQOL scores. Non-collision athletes significantly improved on the MULES test by 2.46 ± 3.60 (SD) s (35.0 [95% confidence interval, 0.29-4.63]; p = .03). Change score results from pre- to post-season were not significant. CONCLUSION Although the groups were not significantly different from one another, non-collision athletes significantly improved MULES scores, whereas collision athletes performed the worst, suggesting exposure to RHIs may impact functional vision. Thus, further evaluation of RHIs and their impact on vision is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon T Kelly
- Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - James R Wilkes
- Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Semyon M Slobounov
- Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Lewis AG, Schoffelen JM, Bastiaansen M, Schriefers H. Is beta in agreement with the relatives? Using relative clause sentences to investigate MEG beta power dynamics during sentence comprehension. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14332. [PMID: 37203219 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There remains some debate about whether beta power effects observed during sentence comprehension reflect ongoing syntactic unification operations (beta-syntax hypothesis), or instead reflect maintenance or updating of the sentence-level representation (beta-maintenance hypothesis). In this study, we used magnetoencephalography to investigate beta power neural dynamics while participants read relative clause sentences that were initially ambiguous between a subject- or an object-relative reading. An additional condition included a grammatical violation at the disambiguation point in the relative clause sentences. The beta-maintenance hypothesis predicts a decrease in beta power at the disambiguation point for unexpected (and less preferred) object-relative clause sentences and grammatical violations, as both signal a need to update the sentence-level representation. While the beta-syntax hypothesis also predicts a beta power decrease for grammatical violations due to a disruption of syntactic unification operations, it instead predicts an increase in beta power for the object-relative clause condition because syntactic unification at the point of disambiguation becomes more demanding. We observed decreased beta power for both the agreement violation and object-relative clause conditions in typical left hemisphere language regions, which provides compelling support for the beta-maintenance hypothesis. Mid-frontal theta power effects were also present for grammatical violations and object-relative clause sentences, suggesting that violations and unexpected sentence interpretations are registered as conflicts by the brain's domain-general error detection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Glen Lewis
- Neurobiology of Language Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Bastiaansen
- Academy for Leisure and Events, Breda University of Applied Sciences, Breda, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Herbert Schriefers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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23
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Jayashankar A, Bynum B, Butera C, Kilroy E, Harrison L, Aziz-Zadeh L. Connectivity differences between inferior frontal gyrus and mentalizing network in autism as compared to developmental coordination disorder and non-autistic youth. Cortex 2023; 167:115-131. [PMID: 37549452 PMCID: PMC10543516 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies have compared neural connectivity during mentalizing tasks in autism (ASD) to non-autistic individuals and found reduced connectivity between the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and mentalizing regions. However, given that the IFG is involved in motor processing, and about 80% of autistic individuals have motor-related difficulties, it is necessary to explore if these differences are specific to ASD or instead similar across other developmental motor disorders, such as developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Participants (29 ASD, 20 DCD, 31 typically developing [TD]; ages 8-17) completed a mentalizing task in the fMRI scanner, where they were asked to think about why someone was performing an action. Results indicated that the ASD group, as compared to both TD and DCD groups, showed significant functional connectivity differences when mentalizing about other's actions. The left IFG seed revealed ASD connectivity differences with the: bilateral temporoparietal junction (TPJ), left insular cortex, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Connectivity differences using the right IFG seed revealed ASD differences in the: left insula, and right DLPFC. These results indicate that connectivity differences between the IFG, mentalizing regions, emotion and motor processing regions are specific to ASD and not a result of potentially co-occurring motor differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Jayashankar
- Center for Neuroscience of Embodied Cognition (CeNEC), Brain and Creativity Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brittany Bynum
- Center for Neuroscience of Embodied Cognition (CeNEC), Brain and Creativity Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christiana Butera
- Center for Neuroscience of Embodied Cognition (CeNEC), Brain and Creativity Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily Kilroy
- Center for Neuroscience of Embodied Cognition (CeNEC), Brain and Creativity Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laura Harrison
- Center for Neuroscience of Embodied Cognition (CeNEC), Brain and Creativity Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Aziz-Zadeh
- Center for Neuroscience of Embodied Cognition (CeNEC), Brain and Creativity Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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24
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Roumpea G, Bon J, Marjanovič K, Pirtošek Z, Manouilidou C. Facilitated lexical processing accuracy and reaction times following repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in dementia of the Alzheimer type: a case study. Neurocase 2023; 29:151-159. [PMID: 38700041 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2024.2348222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the potential effects of high-frequency (10 Hz) repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) of the bilateral Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) (30-sessions; 2-sessions/day) on improving lexical processing in one participant with mild - Alzheimer's disease (hereafter dementia of the Alzheimer type-DAT). Increased accuracy and faster reaction times (RTs) were reported in a lexical-decision task (LDT) up to 2-months post-intervention. The current findings indicate that high-frequency stimulation of the DLPFC might be a potential therapeutic tool to improve lexical processing in mild-DAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Roumpea
- Faculty of Arts, Department of Comparative and General Linguistics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Bon
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre for Clinical Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Marjanovič
- Faculty of Arts, Department of Comparative and General Linguistics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zvezdan Pirtošek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christina Manouilidou
- Faculty of Arts, Department of Comparative and General Linguistics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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25
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Krebs C, Peter J, Brill E, Klöppel S, Brem AK. The moderating effects of sex, age, and education on the outcome of combined cognitive training and transcranial electrical stimulation in older adults. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1243099. [PMID: 37809311 PMCID: PMC10556861 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1243099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Computerized cognitive training (CCT) has been shown to improve cognition in older adults via targeted exercises for single or multiple cognitive domains. Combining CCT with non-invasive brain stimulation is thought to be even more effective due to synergistic effects in the targeted brain areas and networks. However, little is known about the moderating effects of sex, age, and education on cognitive outcomes. Here, we investigated these factors in a randomized, double-blind study in which we administered CCT either combined with transcranial direct (tDCS), alternating (tACS) current stimulation or sham stimulation. 59 healthy older participants (mean age 71.7 ± 6.1) received either tDCS (2 mA), tACS (5 Hz), or sham stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the first 20 min of a CCT (10 sessions, 50 min, twice weekly). Before and after the complete cognitive intervention, a neuropsychological assessment was performed, and the test scores were summarized in a composite score. Our results showed a significant three-way interaction between age, years of education, and stimulation technique (F(6,52) = 5.53, p = 0.007), indicating that the oldest participants with more years of education particularly benefitted from tDCS compared to the sham group, while in the tACS group the youngest participants with less years of education benefit more from the stimulation. These results emphasize the importance of further investigating and taking into account sex, age, and education as moderating factors in the development of individualized stimulation protocols. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03475446.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Krebs
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Peter
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Esther Brill
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Klöppel
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Katharine Brem
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Baik JS, Min JH, Ko SH, Yun MS, Lee B, Kang NY, Kim B, Lee H, Shin YI. Effects of Home-Based Computerized Cognitive Training in Community-Dwelling Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2023; 12:97-105. [PMID: 38088994 PMCID: PMC10712670 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2023.3317189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a growing importance for the home-based (HB) support services, and computerized cognitive training (CCT) has been reported as an effective intervention for cognitive impairment. However, there is still a need for further verification of the effect of HB-CCT. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of HB-CCT on the cognitive function of community-dwelling adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as safety in its use. METHODS Fifty community-dwelling adults with MCI were included, of which 25 each were randomized to either HB-CCT or control groups. Evaluations of comprehensive cognition, memory, attention, language, executive function, and depression were performed before and after the intervention, including three times a week for eight weeks in the intervention group and eight weeks apart with no intervention in the control group. RESULTS In baseline and post-evaluation comparisons, the HB-CCT group showed significant improvements, while the control group did not show significant changes. Statistically significant variations were noted between the HB-CCT and control groups in all post-intervention evaluations relative to baseline. Additionally, no side effects were observed. CONCLUSION Beneficial effects on cognition and depression were noted in the intervention group compared with the control group, suggesting that HB-CCT may be a positive tool for cognitive improvement in adults with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Baik
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsan50612Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hong Min
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicinePusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsan50612Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwa Ko
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicinePusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsan50612Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineThe Graduate School of MedicinePusan National UniversityYangsan50612Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sook Yun
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsan50612Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghoon Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicinePusan National University HospitalBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicinePusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsan50612Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicinePusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsan50612Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineThe Graduate School of MedicinePusan National UniversityYangsan50612Republic of Korea
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27
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He Q, Keding TJ, Zhang Q, Miao J, Russell JD, Herringa RJ, Lu Q, Travers BG, Li JJ. Neurogenetic mechanisms of risk for ADHD: Examining associations of polygenic scores and brain volumes in a population cohort. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:30. [PMID: 37653373 PMCID: PMC10469494 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADHD polygenic scores (PGSs) have been previously shown to predict ADHD outcomes in several studies. However, ADHD PGSs are typically correlated with ADHD but not necessarily reflective of causal mechanisms. More research is needed to elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying ADHD. We leveraged functional annotation information into an ADHD PGS to (1) improve the prediction performance over a non-annotated ADHD PGS and (2) test whether volumetric variation in brain regions putatively associated with ADHD mediate the association between PGSs and ADHD outcomes. METHODS Data were from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (N = 555). Multiple mediation models were tested to examine the indirect effects of two ADHD PGSs-one using a traditional computation involving clumping and thresholding and another using a functionally annotated approach (i.e., AnnoPred)-on ADHD inattention (IA) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) symptoms, via gray matter volumes in the cingulate gyrus, angular gyrus, caudate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and inferior temporal lobe. RESULTS A direct effect was detected between the AnnoPred ADHD PGS and IA symptoms in adolescents. No indirect effects via brain volumes were detected for either IA or HI symptoms. However, both ADHD PGSs were negatively associated with the DLPFC. CONCLUSIONS The AnnoPred ADHD PGS was a more developmentally specific predictor of adolescent IA symptoms compared to the traditional ADHD PGS. However, brain volumes did not mediate the effects of either a traditional or AnnoPred ADHD PGS on ADHD symptoms, suggesting that we may still be underpowered in clarifying brain-based biomarkers for ADHD using genetic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfa He
- Department of Psychology, University of, Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | | | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Jiacheng Miao
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Justin D Russell
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Ryan J Herringa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Brittany G Travers
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - James J Li
- Department of Psychology, University of, Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA.
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA.
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28
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Sorenson K, Kendall E, Grell H, Kang M, Shaffer C, Hwang S. Intranasal Oxytocin in Pediatric Populations: Exploring the Potential for Reducing Irritability and Modulating Neural Responses: A Mini Review. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2023; 8:e230008. [PMID: 37990750 PMCID: PMC10662790 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20230008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous neuropeptide Oxytocin (OXT) plays a crucial role in modulating pro-social behavior and the neural response to social/emotional stimuli. Intranasal administration is the most common method of delivering OXT. Intranasal OXT has been implemented in clinical studies of various psychiatric disorders with mixed results, mainly related to lack of solid pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics model. Due to intranasal OXT's mechanism of reducing the activation of neural areas implicated in emotional responding and emotion regulation, a psychopathology with this target mechanism could be potentially excellent candidate for future clinical trial. In this regard, irritability in youth may be a very promising target for clinical studies of intranasal OXT. Here we provide a mini-review of fifteen randomized controlled trials in pediatric patients with diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), or Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS). Most studies had small sample sizes and varying dosages, with changes in irritability, mainly as adverse events (AEs). Neuroimaging results showed modulation of the reward processing system and the neural areas implicated in social-emotional information processing by intranasal OXT administration. Further research is needed to determine the most effective dose and duration of OXT treatment, carefully select target psychopathologies, verify target engagement, and measure adverse event profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennet Sorenson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Emilee Kendall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hannah Grell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Minjoo Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Christopher Shaffer
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Soonjo Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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29
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Dufour BD, McBride E, Bartley T, Juarez P, Martínez-Cerdeño V. Distinct patterns of GABAergic interneuron pathology in autism are associated with intellectual impairment and stereotypic behaviors. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:1730-1745. [PMID: 36935610 PMCID: PMC10846597 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231154053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in sociability and communication and the presence of repetitive behaviors. How specific pathological alterations of the brain contribute to the clinical profile of autism spectrum disorder remains unknown. We previously found that a specific type of inhibitory interneuron is reduced in number in the autism spectrum disorder prefrontal cortex. Here, we assessed the relationship between interneuron reduction and autism spectrum disorder symptom severity. We collected clinical records from autism spectrum disorder (n = 20) and assessed the relationship between the severity of symptoms and interneuron number. We found that the reduced number of inhibitory interneurons that we previously reported is linked to specific symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, particularly stereotypic movements and intellectual impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D Dufour
- UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA
- UC Davis School of Medicine, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, USA
| | - Erin McBride
- UC Davis School of Medicine, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, USA
- UC Davis Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, USA
| | - Trevor Bartley
- UC Davis School of Medicine, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, USA
- UC Davis Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, USA
| | - Pablo Juarez
- UC Davis School of Medicine, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, USA
| | - Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
- UC Davis School of Medicine, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, USA
- UC Davis Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, USA
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Butler LK, Pecukonis M, Rogers D, Boas DA, Tager-Flusberg H, Yücel MA. The Role of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in the Production and Comprehension of Phonologically and Semantically Related Words. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1113. [PMID: 37509043 PMCID: PMC10377151 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that producing and comprehending semantically related words relies on inhibitory control over competitive lexical selection which results in the recruitment of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Few studies, however, have examined the involvement of other regions of the frontal cortex, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), despite its role in cognitive control related to lexical processing. The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the role of the DLPFC in the production and comprehension of semantically and phonologically related words in blocked cyclic naming and picture-word matching paradigms. Twenty-one adults participated in neuroimaging with functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations across the bilateral frontal cortex during blocked cyclic picture naming and blocked cyclic picture-word-matching tasks. After preprocessing, oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations were obtained for each task (production, comprehension), condition (semantic, phonological) and region (DLPFC, IFG). The results of pairwise t-tests adjusted for multiple comparisons showed significant increases in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration over baseline in the bilateral DLPFC during picture naming for phonologically related words. For picture-word matching, we found significant increases in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration over baseline in the right DLPFC for semantically related words and in the right IFG for phonologically related words. We discuss the results in light of the inhibitory attentional control over competitive lexical access theory in contrast to alternative potential explanations for the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K. Butler
- Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.P.); (H.T.-F.)
| | - Meredith Pecukonis
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.P.); (H.T.-F.)
| | - De’Ja Rogers
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (D.R.); (D.A.B.)
| | - David A. Boas
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (D.R.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Helen Tager-Flusberg
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.P.); (H.T.-F.)
| | - Meryem A. Yücel
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (D.R.); (D.A.B.)
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31
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Cossette-Roberge H, Li J, Citherlet D, Nguyen DK. Localizing and lateralizing value of auditory phenomena in seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 145:109327. [PMID: 37422934 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory seizures (AS) are a rare type of focal seizures. AS are classically thought to involve a seizure onset zone (SOZ) in the temporal lobe, but there remain uncertainties about their localizing and lateralizing value. We conducted a narrative literature review with the aim of providing an up-to-date description of the lateralizing and localizing value of AS. METHODS The databases PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for literature on AS in December 2022. All cortical stimulation studies, case reports, and case series were analyzed to assess for auditory phenomena that were suggestive of AS and to evaluate if the lateralization and/or localization of the SOZ could be determined. We classified AS according to their semiology (e.g., simple hallucination versus complex hallucination) and the level of evidence with which the SOZ could be predicted. RESULTS A total of 174 cases comprising 200 AS were analyzed from 70 articles. Across all studies, the SOZ of AS were more often in the left (62%) than in the right (38%) hemisphere. AS heard bilaterally followed this trend. Unilaterally heard AS were more often due to a SOZ in the contralateral hemisphere (74%), although they could also be ipsilateral (26%). The SOZ for AS was not limited to the auditory cortex, nor to the temporal lobe. The areas more frequently involved in the temporal lobe were the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and mesiotemporal structures. Extratemporal locations included parietal, frontal, insular, and rarely occipital structures. CONCLUSION Our review highlighted the complexity of AS and their importance in the identification of the SOZ. Due to the limited data and heterogeneous presentation of AS in the literature, the patterns associated with different AS semiologies warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Cossette-Roberge
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Neurology Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Jimmy Li
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Neurology Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Daphné Citherlet
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neurology Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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32
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Lawrence A, Carvajal M, Ormsby J. Beyond Broca's and Wernicke's: Functional Mapping of Ancillary Language Centers Prior to Brain Tumor Surgery. Tomography 2023; 9:1254-1275. [PMID: 37489468 PMCID: PMC10366753 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional MRI is a well-established tool used for pre-surgical planning to help the neurosurgeon have a roadmap of critical functional areas that should be avoided, if possible, during surgery to minimize morbidity for patients with brain tumors (though this also has applications for surgical resection of epileptogenic tissue and vascular lesions). This article reviews the locations of secondary language centers within the brain along with imaging findings to help improve our confidence in our knowledge on language lateralization. Brief overviews of these language centers and their contributions to the language networks will be discussed. These language centers include primary language centers of "Broca's Area" and "Wernicke's Area". However, there are multiple secondary language centers such as the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), frontal eye fields, pre- supplemental motor area (pre-SMA), Basal Temporal Language Area (BTLA), along with other areas of activation. Knowing these foci helps to increase self-assurance when discussing the nature of laterality with the neurosurgeon. By knowing secondary language centers for language lateralization, via fMRI, one can feel confident on providing neurosurgeon colleagues with appropriate information on the laterality of language in preparation for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Lawrence
- Center for Neuropsychological Services, University of New Mexico, MSC 10 5530 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5001, USA
| | - Michael Carvajal
- Center for Neuropsychological Services, University of New Mexico, MSC 10 5530 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5001, USA
| | - Jacob Ormsby
- Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, MSC 10 5530 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5001, USA
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La PL, Joyce JM, Bell TK, Mauthner M, Craig W, Doan Q, Beauchamp MH, Zemek R, Yeates KO, Harris AD. Brain metabolites measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy in pediatric concussion and orthopedic injury: An Advancing Concussion Assessment in Pediatrics (A-CAP) study. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:2493-2508. [PMID: 36763547 PMCID: PMC10028643 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of children sustain a concussion annually. Concussion disrupts cellular signaling and neural pathways within the brain but the resulting metabolic disruptions are not well characterized. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can examine key brain metabolites (e.g., N-acetyl Aspartate (tNAA), glutamate (Glx), creatine (tCr), choline (tCho), and myo-Inositol (mI)) to better understand these disruptions. In this study, we used MRS to examine differences in brain metabolites between children and adolescents with concussion versus orthopedic injury. Children and adolescents with concussion (n = 361) or orthopedic injury (OI) (n = 184) aged 8 to 17 years were recruited from five emergency departments across Canada. MRS data were collected from the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) using point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) at 3 T at a mean of 12 days post-injury (median 10 days post-injury, range 2-33 days). Univariate analyses for each metabolite found no statistically significant metabolite differences between groups. Within each analysis, several covariates were statistically significant. Follow-up analyses designed to account for possible confounding factors including age, site, scanner, vendor, time since injury, and tissue type (and interactions as appropriate) did not find any metabolite group differences. In the largest sample of pediatric concussion studied with MRS to date, we found no metabolite differences between concussion and OI groups in the L-DLPFC. We suggest that at 2 weeks post-injury in a general pediatric concussion population, brain metabolites in the L-DLPFC are not specifically affected by brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker L La
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julie M Joyce
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tiffany K Bell
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Micaela Mauthner
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - William Craig
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta and Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Quynh Doan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Miriam H Beauchamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal and Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Childrens' Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Xiao Y, Wen TH, Kupis L, Eyler LT, Taluja V, Troxel J, Goel D, Lombardo MV, Pierce K, Courchesne E. Atypical functional connectivity of temporal cortex with precuneus and visual regions may be an early-age signature of ASD. Mol Autism 2023; 14:11. [PMID: 36899425 PMCID: PMC10007788 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-023-00543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social and language abilities are closely intertwined during early typical development. In autism spectrum disorder (ASD), however, deficits in social and language development are early-age core symptoms. We previously reported that superior temporal cortex, a well-established social and language region, shows reduced activation to social affective speech in ASD toddlers; however, the atypical cortical connectivity that accompanies this deviance remains unknown. METHODS We collected clinical, eye tracking, and resting-state fMRI data from 86 ASD and non-ASD subjects (mean age 2.3 ± 0.7 years). Functional connectivity of left and right superior temporal regions with other cortical regions and correlations between this connectivity and each child's social and language abilities were examined. RESULTS While there was no group difference in functional connectivity, the connectivity between superior temporal cortex and frontal and parietal regions was significantly correlated with language, communication, and social abilities in non-ASD subjects, but these effects were absent in ASD subjects. Instead, ASD subjects, regardless of different social or nonsocial visual preferences, showed atypical correlations between temporal-visual region connectivity and communication ability (r(49) = 0.55, p < 0.001) and between temporal-precuneus connectivity and expressive language ability (r(49) = 0.58, p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS The distinct connectivity-behavior correlation patterns may be related to different developmental stages in ASD and non-ASD subjects. The use of a prior 2-year-old template for spatial normalization may not be optimal for a few subjects beyond this age range. CONCLUSIONS Superior temporal cortex is known to have reduced activation to social affective speech in ASD at early ages, and here we find in ASD toddlers that it also has atypical connectivity with visual and precuneus cortices that is correlated with communication and language ability, a pattern not seen in non-ASD toddlers. This atypicality may be an early-age signature of ASD that also explains why the disorder has deviant early language and social development. Given that these atypical connectivity patterns are also present in older individuals with ASD, we conclude these atypical connectivity patterns persist across age and may explain why successful interventions targeting language and social skills at all ages in ASD are so difficult to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Xiao
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Teresa H Wen
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lauren Kupis
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vani Taluja
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jaden Troxel
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Disha Goel
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael V Lombardo
- Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Karen Pierce
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Eric Courchesne
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Sacca V, Maleki N, Wen Y, Hodges S, Kong J. Modulation Effects of Repeated Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation at the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex: A Pulsed Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030395. [PMID: 36979205 PMCID: PMC10046672 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising non-invasive method to modulate brain excitability. The aim of this study was to better understand the cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes during and after repeated tDCS at the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in healthy participants using pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL). Elucidating CBF changes associated with repeated tDCS may shed light on the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of tDCS. tDCS was applied for three consecutive days for 20 min at 2 mA, and MRI scans were performed on day 1 and 3. During anodal tDCS, increased CBF was detected in the bilateral thalamus on day 1 and 3 (12% on day 1 and of 14% on day 3) and in the insula on day 1 (12%). After anodal tDCS on day 1, increased CBF was detected in the cerebellum and occipital lobe (11.8%), while both cathodal and sham tDCS were associated with increased CBF in the insula (11% and 10%, respectively). Moreover, anodal tDCS led to increased CBF in the lateral prefrontal cortex and midcingulate cortex in comparison to the sham. These findings suggest that tDCS can modulate the CBF and different tDCS modes may lead to different effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jian Kong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-726-7893
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36
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Pellegrino M, Ben-Soussan TD, Paoletti P. A Scoping Review on Movement, Neurobiology and Functional Deficits in Dyslexia: Suggestions for a Three-Fold Integrated Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3315. [PMID: 36834011 PMCID: PMC9966639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia is a common complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Many theories and models tried to explain its symptomatology and find ways to improve poor reading abilities. The aim of this scoping review is to summarize current findings and several approaches and theories, focusing on the interconnectedness between motion, emotion and cognition and their connection to dyslexia. Consequently, we present first a brief overview of the main theories and models regarding dyslexia and its proposed neural correlates, with a particular focus on cerebellar regions and their involvement in this disorder. After examining different types of intervention programs and remedial training, we highlight the effects of a specific structured sensorimotor intervention named Quadrato Motor Training (QMT). QMT utilizes several cognitive and motor functions known to be relevant in developmental dyslexia. We introduce its potential beneficial effects on reading skills, including working memory, coordination and attention. We sum its effects ranging from behavioral to functional, structural and neuroplastic, especially in relation to dyslexia. We report several recent studies that employed this training technique with dyslexic participants, discussing the specific features that distinguish it from other training within the specific framework of the Sphere Model of Consciousness. Finally, we advocate for a new perspective on developmental dyslexia integrating motion, emotion and cognition to fully encompass this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pellegrino
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation for Development and Communication, 06081 Assisi, Italy
| | - Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation for Development and Communication, 06081 Assisi, Italy
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Chen H, Miao G, Wang S, Zheng J, Zhang X, Lin J, Hao C, Huang H, Jiang T, Gong Y, Liao W. Disturbed functional connectivity and topological properties of the frontal lobe in minimally conscious state based on resting-state fNIRS. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1118395. [PMID: 36845431 PMCID: PMC9950516 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1118395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients in minimally conscious state (MCS) exist measurable evidence of consciousness. The frontal lobe is a crucial part of the brain that encodes abstract information and is closely related to the conscious state. We hypothesized that the disturbance of the frontal functional network exists in MCS patients. Methods We collected the resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data of fifteen MCS patients and sixteen age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC). The Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) scale of MCS patients was also composed. The topology of the frontal functional network was analyzed in two groups. Results Compared with HC, the MCS patients showed widely disrupted functional connectivity in the frontal lobe, especially in the frontopolar area and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Moreover, the MCS patients displayed lower clustering coefficient, global efficiency, local efficiency, and higher characteristic path length. In addition, the nodal clustering coefficient and nodal local efficiency in the left frontopolar area and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly reduced in MCS patients. Furthermore, the nodal clustering coefficient and nodal local efficiency in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were positively correlated to auditory subscale scores. Conclusion This study reveals that MCS patients' frontal functional network is synergistically dysfunctional. And the balance between information separation and integration in the frontal lobe is broken, especially the local information transmission in the prefrontal cortex. These findings help us to understand the pathological mechanism of MCS patients better.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sirui Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junbin Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chizi Hao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Discriminating between bipolar and major depressive disorder using a machine learning approach and resting-state EEG data. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 146:30-39. [PMID: 36525893 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distinguishing major depressive disorder (MDD) from bipolar disorder (BD) is a crucial clinical challenge as effective treatment is quite different for each condition. In this study electroencephalography (EEG) was explored as an objective biomarker for distinguishing MDD from BD using an efficient machine learning algorithm (MLA) trained by a relatively large and balanced dataset. METHODS A 3 step MLA was applied: (1) a multi-step preprocessing method was used to improve the quality of the EEG signal, (2) symbolic transfer entropy (STE), an effective connectivity measure, was applied to the resultant EEG and (3) the MLA used the extracted STE features to distinguish MDD (N = 71) from BD (N = 71) subjects. RESULTS 14 connectivity features were selected by the proposed algorithm. Most of the selected features were related to the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobe electrodes. The major involved regions were the Broca region in the frontal lobe and the somatosensory association cortex in the parietal lobe. These regions are near electrodes FC5 and CPz and are involved in processing language and sensory information, respectively. The resulting classifier delivered an evaluation accuracy of 88.5% and a test accuracy of 89.3%, using 80% of the data for training and evaluation and the remaining 20% for testing, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The high evaluation and test accuracies of our algorithm, derived from a large balanced training sample suggests that this method may hold significant promise as a clinical tool. SIGNIFICANCE The proposed MLA may provide an inexpensive and readily available tool that clinicians may use to enhance diagnostic accuracy and shorten time to effective treatment.
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Huang Y, Tan Y, Hao H, Li J, Liu C, Hu Y, Wu Y, Ding Q, Zhou Y, Li Y, Guan Y. Treatment of primary progressive aphasia by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:111-123. [PMID: 36662282 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA). In this randomized, double-blind trial in a single center, patients who were diagnosed with PPA were randomly assigned to receive either real rTMS or sham rTMS treatment. High-frequency rTMS was delivered to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The primary outcome was the change in Boston Naming Test (BNT) score at each follow-up compared to the baseline. The secondary outcomes included change in CAL (Communicative Activity Log) and WAB (Western Aphasia Battery) compared to baseline and neuropsychological assessments. Forty patients (16 with nonfluent, 12 with semantic and 12 with logopenic variant PPA) were enrolled and randomly assigned to the rTMS or sham rTMS group, with 20 patients in each group. Thirty-five patients (87.5%) completed a 6-month follow-up. Compared to the sham rTMS group, the BNT improvement and WAB improvement in the real rTMS group were significantly higher. These significant improvements could be observed throughout the entire 6-month follow-up. At 1 month and 3 months after treatment, CAL improvements of real rTMS were significantly higher than sham rTMS. The improvements in BNT, CAL and WAB did not significantly differ among PPA variants. No significant improvement in neuropsychological assessments was observed. High-frequency rTMS delivered to DLPFC improved language functions in patients with different PPA variants. The efficacy was still observed after 6 months of treatment. Trial registration: NCT04431401 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04431401 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Honglin Hao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Caiyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Youfang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yimin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qingyun Ding
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuzhou Guan
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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40
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Gastaldon S, Busan P, Arcara G, Peressotti F. Inefficient speech-motor control affects predictive speech comprehension: atypical electrophysiological correlates in stuttering. Cereb Cortex 2023:6995383. [PMID: 36682885 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeners predict upcoming information during language comprehension. However, how this ability is implemented is still largely unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis proposing that language production mechanisms have a role in prediction. We studied 2 electroencephalographic correlates of predictability during speech comprehension-pre-target alpha-beta (8-30 Hz) power decrease and the post-target N400 event-related potential effect-in a population with impaired speech-motor control, i.e. adults who stutter (AWS), compared to typically fluent adults (TFA). Participants listened to sentences that could either constrain towards a target word or not, modulating its predictability. As a complementary task, participants also performed context-driven word production. Compared to TFA, AWS not only displayed atypical neural responses in production, but, critically, they showed a different pattern also in comprehension. Specifically, while TFA showed the expected pre-target power decrease, AWS showed a power increase in frontal regions, associated with speech-motor control. In addition, the post-target N400 effect was reduced for AWS with respect to TFA. Finally, we found that production and comprehension power changes were positively correlated in TFA, but not in AWS. Overall, the results support the idea that processes and neural structures prominently devoted to speech planning also support prediction during speech comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gastaldon
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione (DPSS), University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, Padova (PD) 35131, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Via Giuseppe Orus 2/B, Padova (PD) 35131, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Busan
- IRCCS Ospedale San Camillo, Via Alberoni 70, Lido (VE) 30126, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arcara
- IRCCS Ospedale San Camillo, Via Alberoni 70, Lido (VE) 30126, Italy
| | - Francesca Peressotti
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione (DPSS), University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, Padova (PD) 35131, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Via Giuseppe Orus 2/B, Padova (PD) 35131, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "I-APPROVE-International Auditory Processing Project in Venice", University of Padova, Via Belzoni 160, Padova (PD) 35121, Italy
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de Assis Leão SES, Menezes Lage G, Pedra de Souza R, Holanda Marinho Nogueira NGD, Vieira Pinheiro ÂM. Working Memory and Manual Dexterity in Dyslexic Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dev Neuropsychol 2023; 48:1-30. [PMID: 36576148 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2022.2157833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dyslexic children have impairments in working memory and manual dexterity. Studies have shown that when cognitive development has deficits, motor development is often impaired, indicating a strong interconnection between both domains, and the possibility of interference with each other's proper functioning. Thus, a new literature review is necessary to understand which components of working memory and manual dexterity are affected in dyslexic children and the possible relationship between them. This review aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze both skills in dyslexic children. The protocol was carried out according to the criteria established by PRISMA being registered at PROSPERO under number CRD 42021238901. Six literature databases were searched to locate studies published between 2001 and 2021: EMBASE, ERIC, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings suggest that dyslexic children have significantly poorer visuospatial and verbal working memory with more impairments in the phonological loop. No significant differences were found in manual dexterity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme Menezes Lage
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renan Pedra de Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Chang X, Zhao W, Kang J, Xiang S, Xie C, Corona-Hernández H, Palaniyappan L, Feng J. Language abnormalities in schizophrenia: binding core symptoms through contemporary empirical evidence. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:95. [PMID: 36371445 PMCID: PMC9653408 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both the ability to speak and to infer complex linguistic messages from sounds have been claimed as uniquely human phenomena. In schizophrenia, formal thought disorder (FTD) and auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are manifestations respectively relating to concrete disruptions of those abilities. From an evolutionary perspective, Crow (1997) proposed that "schizophrenia is the price that Homo sapiens pays for the faculty of language". Epidemiological and experimental evidence points to an overlap between FTD and AVHs, yet a thorough investigation examining their shared neural mechanism in schizophrenia is lacking. In this review, we synthesize observations from three key domains. First, neuroanatomical evidence indicates substantial shared abnormalities in language-processing regions between FTD and AVHs, even in the early phases of schizophrenia. Second, neurochemical studies point to a glutamate-related dysfunction in these language-processing brain regions, contributing to verbal production deficits. Third, genetic findings further show how genes that overlap between schizophrenia and language disorders influence neurodevelopment and neurotransmission. We argue that these observations converge into the possibility that a glutamatergic dysfunction in language-processing brain regions might be a shared neural basis of both FTD and AVHs. Investigations of language pathology in schizophrenia could facilitate the development of diagnostic tools and treatments, so we call for multilevel confirmatory analyses focused on modulations of the language network as a therapeutic goal in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- MOE-LCSM, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jujiao Kang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shitong Xiang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hugo Corona-Hernández
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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43
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Gruzman R, Hartling C, Domke AK, Stippl A, Carstens L, Bajbouj M, Gärtner M, Grimm S. Investigation of Neurofunctional Changes Over the Course of Electroconvulsive Therapy. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 26:20-31. [PMID: 36173403 PMCID: PMC9850659 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for patients suffering from depression. Yet the exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying the efficacy of ECT and indicators of who might respond best to it remain to be elucidated. Identifying neural markers that can inform about an individual's response to ECT would enable more optimal treatment strategies and increase clinical efficacy. METHODS Twenty-one acutely depressed inpatients completed an emotional working memory task during functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after receiving treatment with ECT. Neural activity was assessed in 5 key regions associated with the pathophysiology of depression: bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and pregenual, subgenual, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Associations between brain activation and clinical improvement, as reflected by Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores, were computed using linear regression models, t tests, and Pearson correlational analyses. RESULTS Significant neurobiological prognostic markers or changes in neural activity from pre- to post ECT did not emerge. CONCLUSIONS We could not confirm normalization effects and did not find significant neural markers related to treatment response. These results demonstrate that the search for reliable and clinically useful biomarkers for ECT treatment remains in its initial stages and still faces challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gruzman
- Correspondence: Rebecca Gruzman, MSc, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany ()
| | | | - Ann-Kathrin Domke
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Stippl
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Malek Bajbouj
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matti Gärtner
- MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Grimm
- MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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44
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Does Executive Function Training Impact on Communication? A Randomized Controlled tDCS Study on Post-Stroke Aphasia. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091265. [PMID: 36139001 PMCID: PMC9497246 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New approaches in aphasia rehabilitation have recently identified the crucial role of executive functions (EFs) in language recovery, especially for people with severe aphasia (PWSA). Indeed, EFs include high-order cognitive abilities such as planning and problem solving, which enable humans to adapt to novel situations and are essential for everyday functional communication. In a randomized double-blind crossover design, twenty chronic Italian PWSA underwent ten days of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (20 min, 2 mA) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Two conditions were considered, i.e., anodal and sham, while performing four types of cognitive training (alertness, selective attention, visuo-spatial working memory, and planning), all of which were related to executive functions. After anodal tDCS, a greater improvement in selective attention, visuospatial working memory and planning abilities was found compared to the sham condition; this improvement persisted one month after the intervention. Importantly, a significant improvement was also observed in functional communication, as measured through the Communication Activities of Daily Living Scale, in noun and verb naming, in auditory and written language comprehension tasks and in executive function abilities. This evidence emphasizes, for the first time, that tDCS over the right DLPFC combined with executive training enhances functional communication in severe aphasia.
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45
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Zhao J, Li Y, Zhang X, Yuan Y, Cheng Y, Hou J, Duan G, Liu B, Wang J, Wu D. Alteration of network connectivity in stroke patients with apraxia of speech after tDCS: A randomized controlled study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:969786. [PMID: 36188376 PMCID: PMC9521848 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.969786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine the changes in the functional connectivity of the cortical speech articulation network after anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (A-tDCS) over the left lip region of the primary motor cortex (M1) in subacute post-stroke patients with apraxia of speech (AoS), and the effect of A-tDCS on AoS. Methods A total of 24 patients with post-stroke AoS were randomized into two groups and received A-tDCS over the left lip region of M1 (tDCS group)/ sham tDCS (control group) as well as speech and language therapy two times per day for 5 days. Before and after the treatment, the AoS assessments and electroencephalogram (EEG) were evaluated. The cortical interconnections were measured using the EEG non-linear index of cross approximate entropy (C-ApEn). Results The analysis of EEG showed that, after the treatment, the activated connectivity was all in the left hemisphere, and not only regions in the speech articulation network but also in the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the domain-general network were activated in the tDCS group. In contrast, the connectivity was confined to the right hemisphere and between bilateral DLPFC and bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in the control group. In AoS assessments, the tDCS group improved significantly more than the control group in four of the five subtests. The results of multivariate linear regression analyses showed that only the group was significantly associated with the improvement of word repetition (P = 0.002). Conclusion A-tDCS over the left lip region of M1 coupled with speech therapy could upregulate the connectivity of both speech-specific and domain-general networks in the left hemisphere. The improved articulation performance in patients with post-stroke AoS might be related to the enhanced connectivity of networks in the left hemisphere induced by tDCS. Clinical trial registration ChiCTR-TRC-14005072.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Guoping Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Baohu Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Jie Wang
| | - Dongyu Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dongyu Wu
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46
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Omidvarnia A, Liégeois R, Amico E, Preti MG, Zalesky A, Van De Ville D. On the Spatial Distribution of Temporal Complexity in Resting State and Task Functional MRI. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1148. [PMID: 36010812 PMCID: PMC9407401 DOI: 10.3390/e24081148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the temporal complexity of functional MRI (fMRI) time series is one approach to assess how brain activity changes over time. In fact, hemodynamic response of the brain is known to exhibit critical behaviour at the edge between order and disorder. In this study, we aimed to revisit the spatial distribution of temporal complexity in resting state and task fMRI of 100 unrelated subjects from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). First, we compared two common choices of complexity measures, i.e., Hurst exponent and multiscale entropy, and observed a high spatial similarity between them. Second, we considered four tasks in the HCP dataset (Language, Motor, Social, and Working Memory) and found high task-specific complexity, even when the task design was regressed out. For the significance thresholding of brain complexity maps, we used a statistical framework based on graph signal processing that incorporates the structural connectome to develop the null distributions of fMRI complexity. The results suggest that the frontoparietal, dorsal attention, visual, and default mode networks represent stronger complex behaviour than the rest of the brain, irrespective of the task engagement. In sum, the findings support the hypothesis of fMRI temporal complexity as a marker of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Omidvarnia
- Applied Machine Learning Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Liégeois
- Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Amico
- Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Giulia Preti
- Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Hamoudi W, Tripathi MK, Ojha SK, Amal H. A cross-talk between nitric oxide and the glutamatergic system in a Shank3 mouse model of autism. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:83-91. [PMID: 35716826 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in synaptic transmission and neuronal function. Pioneering studies show that nitric oxide (NO) and S-nitrosylation (SNO, the NO-mediated posttranslational modification) can engender nitrosative stress in the brain, contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. Little is known, however, about the aberrant NO signaling in neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We have recently shown that the Shank3 mutation in mice representing a model of ASD causes excessive NO levels and aberrant protein SNO. The glutamatergic system is involved in ASD, specifically in SHANK3 pathology. We used SNOTRAP technology to identify the SNO-proteome in the brain of the Shank3 mutant mice to understand the role of SNO in the glutamatergic system during the development of these mice. We conducted a systems biology analysis of the SNO-proteome to investigate the biological processes and signaling pathways in the brain of juvenile and adult Shank3 mutant and wild-type mice. The Shank3 mutation caused significant SNO-enrichment of a glutamate signaling pathway in the juvenile and adult mutant mice, although different protein subsets were S-nitrosylated in both ages. Cellular compartments analysis showed that "glutamatergic Synapse" is SNO-enriched significantly in the mutant mice of both ages. We also found eight S-nitrosylated proteins involved in glutamate transmission in both ages. 38 SNO-proteins found in the mutant mice are among the high-risk SFARI gene list. Biochemical examination shows a reduction in the levels of NMDA Receptor (NR1) in the cortex and striatum of the mutant mice of both ages. Neuronal NOS knockdown in SHSY-5Y rescued NR1 levels. In conclusion, this study reveals novel SNO of key glutamatergic proteins in Shank3 mutant mice and a cross-talk between nitric oxide and the glutamatergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajeha Hamoudi
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Manish Kumar Tripathi
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Shashank Kumar Ojha
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Haitham Amal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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Reed CA, DuBois CK, Hutchison KA, Huppert TJ, Monfort SM. Influence of serial subtraction tasks on transient characteristics of postural control. Hum Mov Sci 2022; 83:102950. [PMID: 35397288 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2022.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We sought to better understand the influence of cognitive perturbations on transient aspects of postural control. Twenty healthy, younger adults had their postural control assessed during eyes open quiet stance. Participants completed three different conditions that either had no cognitive perturbation present, an easy cognitive perturbation (i.e., serial subtraction by ones), or a more difficult cognitive perturbation (i.e., serial subtraction by sevens). All trials finished with 60 s of undisturbed eyes open quiet stance, which was the focus of the balance assessment. 95% confidence ellipse area (EA) was calculated for 5-s epochs throughout the trial. The difference in EA from the first epoch after participants started (onset) or stopped (offset) the cognitive task to the last epoch of the trial (i.e., 55-60 s after perturbation) was used to characterize transient postural control behavior. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was also used to quantify changes in prefrontal cortex activation during the counting tasks to support interpretation of the transient balance findings. There was a significant effect of condition for transient balance characteristics following a cognitive perturbation (P < 0.001), with greater transient increases in postural sway for both difficult (Cohen's d = 0.40, P < 0.001) and easier (Cohen's d = 0.29, P = 0.013) cognitive perturbations relative to no cognitive perturbation. The onset of cognitive tasks was also associated with greater transient increases in postural sway than the offset of the cognitive tasks (Cohen's d = 0.24, P = 0.019). The functional near-infrared spectroscopy data indicated that a significant decrease in deoxygenated hemoglobin was observed for left Brodmann area 46 for both the subtraction by ones (T = -3.97; Benjamini-Hochberg significance value (q) = 0.008) and subtraction by sevens (T = -3.11; q = 0.036) conditions relative to the baseline condition. The subtraction by sevens condition was also associated with a relative increase in deoxygenated hemoglobin for the right Brodmann area 9 (T = 3.36; q = 0.026) compared to the subtraction by ones condition. In conclusion, serial subtraction can elicit transient increases in postural sway, with more difficult tasks and the onset of the cognitive-motor challenge exhibiting magnified effects. Additionally, even the cessation of a cognitive task (i.e., serial subtraction) can be associated with lingering perturbing effects on balance control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Reed
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.; Sanford Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Research, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Camryn K DuBois
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Keith A Hutchison
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Theodore J Huppert
- Department of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott M Monfort
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA..
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Impairment of semantic composition in schizophrenia: An ERP study with lexical stimuli. Neuropsychologia 2022; 171:108241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Kawata NYS, Nouchi R, Oba K, Matsuzaki Y, Kawashima R. Auditory Cognitive Training Improves Brain Plasticity in Healthy Older Adults: Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:826672. [PMID: 35431898 PMCID: PMC9010026 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.826672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of older adults is increasing globally. Aging is associated with cognitive and sensory decline. Additionally, declined auditory performance and cognitive function affect the quality of life of older adults. Therefore, it is important to develop an intervention method to improve both auditory and cognitive performances. The current study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of auditory and cognitive training on auditory ability and cognitive functions in healthy older adults. Fifty healthy older adults were randomly divided into four training groups—an auditory-cognitive training group (AC training; n = 13), an auditory training group (A training; n = 13), a cognitive training group (C training; n = 14), and an active control group (n = 12). During the training period, we reduced the sound intensity level in AC and A training groups and increase training task difficulty in AC, A, and C training groups based on participants’ performance. Cognitive function measures [digit-cancelation test (D-CAT); logical memory (LM); digit span (DS)], auditory measures [pure-tone audiometry (PTA)], and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed before and after the training periods. We found three key findings. First, the AC training group showed difference between other training groups (A, C, and active control training groups) in regional gray matter volume (rGMV) in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the left inferior temporal gyrus (L. ITG), the left superior frontal gyrus, the left orbitofrontal cortex, the right cerebellum (lobule 7 Crus 1). Second, the auditory training factor groups (ATFGs, the AC and A training groups) improved auditory measures and increased the rGMV and functional connectivity (FC) in the left temporal pole compared to the non-ATFGs (the C training group and active control group). Third, the cognitive training factor groups (CTFGs; the AC and C training groups) showed statistically significant improvement in cognitive performances in LM and D-CAT compared to the non-CTFGs (the A training group and active control group). Therefore, the auditory training factor and cognitive training factor would be useful in enhancing the quality of life of older adults. The current AC training study, the plasticity of the brain structure was observed after 4 weeks of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Y. S. Kawata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Natasha Y. S. Kawata,
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Rui Nouchi,
| | - Kentaro Oba
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuzaki
- Department of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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