1
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Szelenyi ER, Navarrete JS, Murry AD, Zhang Y, Girven KS, Kuo L, Cline MM, Bernstein MX, Burdyniuk M, Bowler B, Goodwin NL, Juarez B, Zweifel LS, Golden SA. An arginine-rich nuclear localization signal (ArgiNLS) strategy for streamlined image segmentation of single cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320250121. [PMID: 39074275 PMCID: PMC11317604 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320250121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
High-throughput volumetric fluorescent microscopy pipelines can spatially integrate whole-brain structure and function at the foundational level of single cells. However, conventional fluorescent protein (FP) modifications used to discriminate single cells possess limited efficacy or are detrimental to cellular health. Here, we introduce a synthetic and nondeleterious nuclear localization signal (NLS) tag strategy, called "Arginine-rich NLS" (ArgiNLS), that optimizes genetic labeling and downstream image segmentation of single cells by restricting FP localization near-exclusively in the nucleus through a poly-arginine mechanism. A single N-terminal ArgiNLS tag provides modular nuclear restriction consistently across spectrally separate FP variants. ArgiNLS performance in vivo displays functional conservation across major cortical cell classes and in response to both local and systemic brain-wide AAV administration. Crucially, the high signal-to-noise ratio afforded by ArgiNLS enhances machine learning-automated segmentation of single cells due to rapid classifier training and enrichment of labeled cell detection within 2D brain sections or 3D volumetric whole-brain image datasets, derived from both staining-amplified and native signal. This genetic strategy provides a simple and flexible basis for precise image segmentation of genetically labeled single cells at scale and paired with behavioral procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Szelenyi
- Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Jovana S. Navarrete
- Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Alexandria D. Murry
- Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Yizhe Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Kasey S. Girven
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Lauren Kuo
- Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Undergraduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Marcella M. Cline
- Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Mollie X. Bernstein
- Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | | | - Bryce Bowler
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Nastacia L. Goodwin
- Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Barbara Juarez
- Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Larry S. Zweifel
- Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Sam A. Golden
- Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
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2
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Rault N, Bergmans T, Delfstra N, Kleijnen BJ, Zeldenrust F, Celikel T. Where Top-Down Meets Bottom-Up: Cell-Type Specific Connectivity Map of the Whisker System. Neuroinformatics 2024; 22:251-268. [PMID: 38767789 PMCID: PMC11329691 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-024-09658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Sensorimotor computation integrates bottom-up world state information with top-down knowledge and task goals to form action plans. In the rodent whisker system, a prime model of active sensing, evidence shows neuromodulatory neurotransmitters shape whisker control, affecting whisking frequency and amplitude. Since neuromodulatory neurotransmitters are mostly released from subcortical nuclei and have long-range projections that reach the rest of the central nervous system, mapping the circuits of top-down neuromodulatory control of sensorimotor nuclei will help to systematically address the mechanisms of active sensing. Therefore, we developed a neuroinformatic target discovery pipeline to mine the Allen Institute's Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas. Using network connectivity analysis, we identified new putative connections along the whisker system and anatomically confirmed the existence of 42 previously unknown monosynaptic connections. Using this data, we updated the sensorimotor connectivity map of the mouse whisker system and developed the first cell-type-specific map of the network. The map includes 157 projections across 18 principal nuclei of the whisker system and neuromodulatory neurotransmitter-releasing. Performing a graph network analysis of this connectome, we identified cell-type specific hubs, sources, and sinks, provided anatomical evidence for monosynaptic inhibitory projections into all stages of the ascending pathway, and showed that neuromodulatory projections improve network-wide connectivity. These results argue that beyond the modulatory chemical contributions to information processing and transfer in the whisker system, the circuit connectivity features of the neuromodulatory networks position them as nodes of sensory and motor integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rault
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tido Bergmans
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja Delfstra
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fleur Zeldenrust
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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3
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Zaborszky L, Varsanyi P, Alloway K, Chavez C, Gielow M, Gombkoto P, Kondo H, Nadasdy Z. Functional architecture of the forebrain cholinergic system in rodents. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4504727. [PMID: 38947053 PMCID: PMC11213185 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4504727/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) participates in functions that are global across the brain, such as sleep-wake cycles, but also participates in capacities that are more behaviorally and anatomically specific, including sensory perception. To better understand the underlying organization principles of the BFCS, more and higher quality anatomical data and analysis is needed. Here, we created a "virtual Basal Forebrain", combining data from numerous rats with cortical retrograde tracer injections into a common 3D reference coordinate space and developed a "spatial density correlation" methodology to analyze patterns in BFCS cortical projection targets, revealing that the BFCS is organized into three principal networks: somatosensory-motor, auditory, and visual. Within each network, clusters of cholinergic cells with increasing complexity innervate cortical targets. These networks represent hierarchically organized building blocks that may enable the BFCS to coordinate spatially selective signaling, including parallel modulation of multiple functionally interconnected yet diverse groups of cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Gombkoto
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich)
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4
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Szelenyi ER, Navarrete JS, Murry AD, Zhang Y, Girven KS, Kuo L, Cline MM, Bernstein MX, Burdyniuk M, Bowler B, Goodwin NL, Juarez B, Zweifel LS, Golden SA. An arginine-rich nuclear localization signal (ArgiNLS) strategy for streamlined image segmentation of single-cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.22.568319. [PMID: 38045271 PMCID: PMC10690249 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.568319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput volumetric fluorescent microscopy pipelines can spatially integrate whole-brain structure and function at the foundational level of single-cells. However, conventional fluorescent protein (FP) modifications used to discriminate single-cells possess limited efficacy or are detrimental to cellular health. Here, we introduce a synthetic and non-deleterious nuclear localization signal (NLS) tag strategy, called 'Arginine-rich NLS' (ArgiNLS), that optimizes genetic labeling and downstream image segmentation of single-cells by restricting FP localization near-exclusively in the nucleus through a poly-arginine mechanism. A single N-terminal ArgiNLS tag provides modular nuclear restriction consistently across spectrally separate FP variants. ArgiNLS performance in vivo displays functional conservation across major cortical cell classes, and in response to both local and systemic brain wide AAV administration. Crucially, the high signal-to-noise ratio afforded by ArgiNLS enhances ML-automated segmentation of single-cells due to rapid classifier training and enrichment of labeled cell detection within 2D brain sections or 3D volumetric whole-brain image datasets, derived from both staining-amplified and native signal. This genetic strategy provides a simple and flexible basis for precise image segmentation of genetically labeled single-cells at scale and paired with behavioral procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Szelenyi
- University of Washington Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Biological Structure, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jovana S. Navarrete
- University of Washington Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Biological Structure, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexandria D. Murry
- University of Washington Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Biological Structure, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yizhe Zhang
- University of Washington Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Biological Structure, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kasey S. Girven
- University of Washington, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
| | - Lauren Kuo
- University of Washington Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington Undergraduate Program in Biochemistry
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marcella M. Cline
- University of Washington Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Pharmacology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cajal Neuroscience, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mollie X. Bernstein
- University of Washington Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Pharmacology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Bryce Bowler
- University of Washington, Department of Biological Structure, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nastacia L. Goodwin
- University of Washington Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Biological Structure, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barbara Juarez
- University of Washington Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Pharmacology, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Larry S. Zweifel
- University of Washington Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Pharmacology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sam A. Golden
- University of Washington Center of Excellence in Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Biological Structure, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Brunner C, Montaldo G, Urban A. Functional ultrasound imaging of stroke in awake rats. eLife 2023; 12:RP88919. [PMID: 37988288 PMCID: PMC10662948 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia is a major confounding factor in preclinical stroke research as stroke rarely occurs in sedated patients. Moreover, anesthesia affects both brain functions and the stroke outcome acting as neurotoxic or protective agents. So far, no approaches were well suited to induce stroke while imaging hemodynamics along with simultaneous large-scale recording of brain functions in awake animals. For this reason, the first critical hours following the stroke insult and associated functional alteration remain poorly understood. Here, we present a strategy to investigate both stroke hemodynamics and stroke-induced functional alterations without the confounding effect of anesthesia, i.e., under awake condition. Functional ultrasound (fUS) imaging was used to continuously monitor variations in cerebral blood volume (CBV) in +65 brain regions/hemispheres for up to 3 hr after stroke onset. The focal cortical ischemia was induced using a chemo-thrombotic agent suited for permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in awake rats and followed by ipsi- and contralesional whiskers stimulation to investigate on the dynamic of the thalamocortical functions. Early (0-3 hr) and delayed (day 5) fUS recording enabled to characterize the features of the ischemia (location, CBV loss), spreading depolarizations (occurrence, amplitude) and functional alteration of the somatosensory thalamocortical circuits. Post-stroke thalamocortical functions were affected at both early and later time points (0-3 hr and 5 days) after stroke. Overall, our procedure facilitates early, continuous, and chronic assessments of hemodynamics and cerebral functions. When integrated with stroke studies or other pathological analyses, this approach seeks to enhance our comprehension of physiopathologies towards the development of pertinent therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Brunner
- Neuro-Electronics Research FlandersLeuvenBelgium
- Vlaams Instituut voor BiotechnologieLeuvenBelgium
- Interuniversity Microelectronics CentreLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Gabriel Montaldo
- Neuro-Electronics Research FlandersLeuvenBelgium
- Vlaams Instituut voor BiotechnologieLeuvenBelgium
- Interuniversity Microelectronics CentreLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Alan Urban
- Neuro-Electronics Research FlandersLeuvenBelgium
- Vlaams Instituut voor BiotechnologieLeuvenBelgium
- Interuniversity Microelectronics CentreLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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6
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Lu X, Wang Y, Liu Z, Gou Y, Jaeger D, St-Pierre F. Widefield imaging of rapid pan-cortical voltage dynamics with an indicator evolved for one-photon microscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6423. [PMID: 37828037 PMCID: PMC10570354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Widefield imaging with genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) is a promising approach for understanding the role of large cortical networks in the neural coding of behavior. However, the limited performance of current GEVIs restricts their deployment for single-trial imaging of rapid neuronal voltage dynamics. Here, we developed a high-throughput platform to screen for GEVIs that combine fast kinetics with high brightness, sensitivity, and photostability under widefield one-photon illumination. Rounds of directed evolution produced JEDI-1P, a green-emitting fluorescent indicator with enhanced performance across all metrics. Next, we optimized a neonatal intracerebroventricular delivery method to achieve cost-effective and wide-spread JEDI-1P expression in mice. We also developed an approach to correct optical measurements from hemodynamic and motion artifacts effectively. Finally, we achieved stable brain-wide voltage imaging and successfully tracked gamma-frequency whisker and visual stimulations in awake mice in single trials, opening the door to investigating the role of high-frequency signals in brain computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lu
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yunmiao Wang
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zhuohe Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yueyang Gou
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dieter Jaeger
- Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - François St-Pierre
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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7
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Reiten I, Olsen GM, Bjaalie JG, Witter MP, Leergaard TB. The efferent connections of the orbitofrontal, posterior parietal, and insular cortex of the rat brain. Sci Data 2023; 10:645. [PMID: 37735463 PMCID: PMC10514078 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The orbitofrontal, posterior parietal, and insular cortices are sites of higher-order cognitive processing implicated in a wide range of behaviours, including working memory, attention guiding, decision making, and spatial navigation. To better understand how these regions contribute to such functions, we need detailed knowledge about the underlying structural connectivity. Several tract-tracing studies have investigated specific aspects of orbitofrontal, posterior parietal and insular connectivity, but a digital resource for studying the cortical and subcortical projections from these areas in detail is not available. We here present a comprehensive collection of brightfield and fluorescence microscopic images of serial coronal sections from 49 rat brain tract-tracing experiments, in which discrete injections of the anterograde tracers biotinylated dextran amine and/or Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin were placed in the orbitofrontal, parietal, or insular cortex. The images are spatially registered to the Waxholm Space Rat brain atlas. The image collection, with corresponding reference atlas maps, is suitable as a reference framework for investigating the brain-wide efferent connectivity of these cortical association areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Reiten
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe M Olsen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan G Bjaalie
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Menno P Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trygve B Leergaard
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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8
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Dorman R, Bos JJ, Vinck MA, Marchesi P, Fiorilli J, Lorteije JAM, Reiten I, Bjaalie JG, Okun M, Pennartz CMA. Spike-based coupling between single neurons and populations across rat sensory cortices, perirhinal cortex, and hippocampus. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:8247-8264. [PMID: 37118890 PMCID: PMC10425201 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical computations require coordination of neuronal activity within and across multiple areas. We characterized spiking relationships within and between areas by quantifying coupling of single neurons to population firing patterns. Single-neuron population coupling (SNPC) was investigated using ensemble recordings from hippocampal CA1 region and somatosensory, visual, and perirhinal cortices. Within-area coupling was heterogeneous across structures, with area CA1 showing higher levels than neocortical regions. In contrast to known anatomical connectivity, between-area coupling showed strong firing coherence of sensory neocortices with CA1, but less with perirhinal cortex. Cells in sensory neocortices and CA1 showed positive correlations between within- and between-area coupling; these were weaker for perirhinal cortex. All four areas harbored broadcasting cells, connecting to multiple external areas, which was uncorrelated to within-area coupling strength. When examining correlations between SNPC and spatial coding, we found that, if such correlations were significant, they were negative. This result was consistent with an overall preservation of SNPC across different brain states, suggesting a strong dependence on intrinsic network connectivity. Overall, SNPC offers an important window on cell-to-population synchronization in multi-area networks. Instead of pointing to specific information-coding functions, our results indicate a primary function of SNPC in dynamically organizing communication in systems composed of multiple, interconnected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinder Dorman
- Systems and Cognitive Neuroscience Group, SILS Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Bos
- Systems and Cognitive Neuroscience Group, SILS Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, 6500 HC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin A Vinck
- Systems and Cognitive Neuroscience Group, SILS Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Plank Society, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pietro Marchesi
- Systems and Cognitive Neuroscience Group, SILS Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Fiorilli
- Systems and Cognitive Neuroscience Group, SILS Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanette A M Lorteije
- Systems and Cognitive Neuroscience Group, SILS Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Reiten
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan G Bjaalie
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Okun
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Cyriel M A Pennartz
- Systems and Cognitive Neuroscience Group, SILS Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Hudson HM, Guggenmos DJ, Azin M, Vitale N, McKenzie KA, Mahnken JD, Mohseni P, Nudo RJ. Broad Therapeutic Time Window for Driving Motor Recovery After TBI Using Activity-Dependent Stimulation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2023; 37:384-393. [PMID: 36636754 DOI: 10.1177/15459683221145144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After an acquired injury to the motor cortex, the ability to generate skilled movements is impaired, leading to long-term motor impairment and disability. While rehabilitative therapy can improve outcomes in some individuals, there are no treatments currently available that are able to fully restore lost function. OBJECTIVE We previously used activity-dependent stimulation (ADS), initiated immediately after an injury, to drive motor recovery. The objective of this study was to determine if delayed application of ADS would still lead to recovery and if the recovery would persist after treatment was stopped. METHODS Rats received a controlled cortical impact over primary motor cortex, microelectrode arrays were implanted in ipsilesional premotor and somatosensory areas, and a custom brain-machine interface was attached to perform the ADS. Stimulation was initiated either 1, 2, or 3 weeks after injury and delivered constantly over a 4-week period. An additional group was monitored for 8 weeks after terminating ADS to assess persistence of effect. Results were compared to rats receiving no stimulation. RESULTS ADS was delayed up to 3 weeks from injury onset and still resulted in significant motor recovery, with maximal recovery occurring in the 1-week delay group. The improvements in motor performance persisted for at least 8 weeks following the end of treatment. CONCLUSIONS ADS is an effective method to treat motor impairments following acquired brain injury in rats. This study demonstrates the clinical relevance of this technique as it could be initiated in the post-acute period and could be explanted/ceased once recovery has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Hudson
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - David J Guggenmos
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Meysam Azin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas Vitale
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katelyn A McKenzie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jonathan D Mahnken
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Pedram Mohseni
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Randolph J Nudo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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10
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Quezada A, Ward C, Bader ER, Zolotavin P, Altun E, Hong S, Killian NJ, Xie C, Batista-Brito R, Hébert JM. An In Vivo Platform for Rebuilding Functional Neocortical Tissue. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:263. [PMID: 36829757 PMCID: PMC9952056 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in cortical stem cell transplantation has demonstrated its potential to repair the brain. However, current transplant models have yet to demonstrate that the circuitry of transplant-derived neurons can encode useful function to the host. This is likely due to missing cell types within the grafts, abnormal proportions of cell types, abnormal cytoarchitecture, and inefficient vascularization. Here, we devised a transplant platform for testing neocortical tissue prototypes. Dissociated mouse embryonic telencephalic cells in a liquid scaffold were transplanted into aspiration-lesioned adult mouse cortices. The donor neuronal precursors differentiated into upper and deep layer neurons that exhibited synaptic puncta, projected outside of the graft to appropriate brain areas, became electrophysiologically active within one month post-transplant, and responded to visual stimuli. Interneurons and oligodendrocytes were present at normal densities in grafts. Grafts became fully vascularized by one week post-transplant and vessels in grafts were perfused with blood. With this paradigm, we could also organize cells into layers. Overall, we have provided proof of a concept for an in vivo platform that can be used for developing and testing neocortical-like tissue prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Quezada
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Claire Ward
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Edward R. Bader
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Pavlo Zolotavin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Esra Altun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Sarah Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nathaniel J. Killian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Renata Batista-Brito
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jean M. Hébert
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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11
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Hemodynamic transient and functional connectivity follow structural connectivity and cell type over the brain hierarchy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2202435120. [PMID: 36693103 PMCID: PMC9945945 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202435120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural circuit of the brain is organized as a hierarchy of functional units with wide-ranging connections that support information flow and functional connectivity. Studies using MRI indicate a moderate coupling between structural and functional connectivity at the system level. However, how do connections of different directions (feedforward and feedback) and regions with different excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) neurons shape the hemodynamic activity and functional connectivity over the hierarchy are unknown. Here, we used functional MRI to detect optogenetic-evoked and resting-state activities over a somatosensory pathway in the mouse brain in relation to axonal projection and E/I distribution. Using a highly sensitive ultrafast imaging, we identified extensive activation in regions up to the third order of axonal projections following optogenetic excitation of the ventral posteriomedial nucleus of the thalamus. The evoked response and functional connectivity correlated with feedforward projections more than feedback projections and weakened with the hierarchy. The hemodynamic response exhibited regional and hierarchical differences, with slower and more variable responses in high-order areas and bipolar response predominantly in the contralateral cortex. Electrophysiological recordings suggest that these reflect differences in neural activity rather than neurovascular coupling. Importantly, the positive and negative parts of the hemodynamic response correlated with E/I neuronal densities, respectively. Furthermore, resting-state functional connectivity was more associated with E/I distribution, whereas stimulus-evoked effective connectivity followed structural wiring. These findings indicate that the structure-function relationship is projection-, cell-type- and hierarchy-dependent. Hemodynamic transients could reflect E/I activity and the increased complexity of hierarchical processing.
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12
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Babij R, Ferrer C, Donatelle A, Wacks S, Buch AM, Niemeyer JE, Ma H, Duan ZRS, Fetcho RN, Che A, Otsuka T, Schwartz TH, Huang BS, Liston C, De Marco García NV. Gabrb3 is required for the functional integration of pyramidal neuron subtypes in the somatosensory cortex. Neuron 2023; 111:256-274.e10. [PMID: 36446382 PMCID: PMC9852093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic circuits is strongly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, it is unclear how genetic predispositions impact circuit assembly. Using in vivo two-photon and widefield calcium imaging in developing mice, we show that Gabrb3, a gene strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Angelman syndrome (AS), is enriched in contralaterally projecting pyramidal neurons and is required for inhibitory function. We report that Gabrb3 ablation leads to a developmental decrease in GABAergic synapses, increased local network synchrony, and long-lasting enhancement in functional connectivity of contralateral-but not ipsilateral-pyramidal neuron subtypes. In addition, Gabrb3 deletion leads to increased cortical response to tactile stimulation at neonatal stages. Using human transcriptomics and neuroimaging datasets from ASD subjects, we show that the spatial distribution of GABRB3 expression correlates with atypical connectivity in these subjects. Our studies reveal a requirement for Gabrb3 during the emergence of interhemispheric circuits for sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Babij
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Camilo Ferrer
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexander Donatelle
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sam Wacks
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Amanda M Buch
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - James E Niemeyer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New-York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hongtao Ma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New-York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Zhe Ran S Duan
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Robert N Fetcho
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alicia Che
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Current affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Takumi Otsuka
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Theodore H Schwartz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New-York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ben S Huang
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Conor Liston
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Natalia V De Marco García
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Lead Contact,Correspondence to
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13
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Bokiniec P, Whitmire CJ, Leva TM, Poulet JFA. Brain-wide connectivity map of mouse thermosensory cortices. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4870-4885. [PMID: 36255325 PMCID: PMC10110442 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the thermal system, skin cooling is represented in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the posterior insular cortex (pIC). Whether S1 and pIC are nodes in anatomically separate or overlapping thermal sensorimotor pathways is unclear, as the brain-wide connectivity of the thermal system has not been mapped. We address this using functionally targeted, dual injections of anterograde viruses or retrograde tracers into the forelimb representation of S1 (fS1) and pIC (fpIC). Our data show that inputs to fS1 and fpIC originate from separate neuronal populations, supporting the existence of parallel input pathways. Outputs from fS1 and fpIC are more widespread than their inputs, sharing a number of cortical and subcortical targets. While, axonal projections were separable, they were more overlapping than the clusters of input cells. In both fS1 and fpIC circuits, there was a high degree of reciprocal connectivity with thalamic and cortical regions, but unidirectional output to the midbrain and hindbrain. Notably, fpIC showed connectivity with regions associated with thermal processing. Together, these data indicate that cutaneous thermal information is routed to the cortex via parallel circuits and is forwarded to overlapping downstream regions for the binding of somatosensory percepts and integration with ongoing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Bokiniec
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clarissa J Whitmire
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias M Leva
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - James F A Poulet
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Khalilzad Sharghi V, Maltbie EA, Pan WJ, Keilholz SD, Gopinath KS. Selective blockade of rat brain T-type calcium channels provides insights on neurophysiological basis of arousal dependent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging signals. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:909999. [PMID: 36003960 PMCID: PMC9393715 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.909999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies point to slow (0.1–2 Hz) brain rhythms as the basis for the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) signal. Slow waves exist in the absence of stimulation, propagate across the cortex, and are strongly modulated by vigilance similar to large portions of the rsfMRI signal. However, it is not clear if slow rhythms serve as the basis of all neural activity reflected in rsfMRI signals, or just the vigilance-dependent components. The rsfMRI data exhibit quasi-periodic patterns (QPPs) that appear to increase in strength with decreasing vigilance and propagate across the brain similar to slow rhythms. These QPPs can complicate the estimation of functional connectivity (FC) via rsfMRI, either by existing as unmodeled signal or by inducing additional wide-spread correlation between voxel-time courses of functionally connected brain regions. In this study, we examined the relationship between cortical slow rhythms and the rsfMRI signal, using a well-established pharmacological model of slow wave suppression. Suppression of cortical slow rhythms led to significant reduction in the amplitude of QPPs but increased rsfMRI measures of intrinsic FC in rats. The results suggest that cortical slow rhythms serve as the basis of only the vigilance-dependent components (e.g., QPPs) of rsfMRI signals. Further attenuation of these non-specific signals enhances delineation of brain functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Khalilzad Sharghi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University-Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Eric A. Maltbie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University-Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wen-Ju Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University-Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shella D. Keilholz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University-Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kaundinya S. Gopinath
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kaundinya S. Gopinath,
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15
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Renard A, Harrell ER, Bathellier B. Olfactory modulation of barrel cortex activity during active whisking and passive whisker stimulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3830. [PMID: 35780224 PMCID: PMC9250522 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents depend on olfaction and touch to meet many of their fundamental needs. However, the impact of simultaneous olfactory and tactile inputs on sensory representations in the cortex remains elusive. To study these interactions, we recorded large populations of barrel cortex neurons using 2-photon calcium imaging in head-fixed mice during olfactory and tactile stimulation. Here we show that odors bidirectionally alter activity in a small but significant population of barrel cortex neurons through at least two mechanisms, first by enhancing whisking, and second by a central mechanism that persists after whisking is abolished by facial nerve sectioning. Odor responses have little impact on tactile information, and they are sufficient for decoding odor identity, while behavioral parameters like whisking, sniffing, and facial movements are not odor identity-specific. Thus, barrel cortex activity encodes specific olfactory information that is not linked with odor-induced changes in behavior. Rodents use both touch and smell to get around. This work describes how olfactory information is combined with touch perception in the cortex to guide behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Renard
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM, Institut de l'Audition, 63 rue de Charenton, F-75012, Paris, France.,Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, UMR9197 CNRS/University Paris-Saclay, Campus CEA, 151 Rte de la Rotonde, 91400, Saclay, France.,Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Station 19, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evan R Harrell
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM, Institut de l'Audition, 63 rue de Charenton, F-75012, Paris, France.,Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, UMR9197 CNRS/University Paris-Saclay, Campus CEA, 151 Rte de la Rotonde, 91400, Saclay, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR CNRS 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 146 rue Leo Saignat, CS 61292 CASE 130, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Brice Bathellier
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM, Institut de l'Audition, 63 rue de Charenton, F-75012, Paris, France. .,Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, UMR9197 CNRS/University Paris-Saclay, Campus CEA, 151 Rte de la Rotonde, 91400, Saclay, France.
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16
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Liu Y, Foustoukos G, Crochet S, Petersen CC. Axonal and Dendritic Morphology of Excitatory Neurons in Layer 2/3 Mouse Barrel Cortex Imaged Through Whole-Brain Two-Photon Tomography and Registered to a Digital Brain Atlas. Front Neuroanat 2022; 15:791015. [PMID: 35145380 PMCID: PMC8821665 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.791015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between cortical areas contributes importantly to sensory perception and cognition. On the millisecond time scale, information is signaled from one brain area to another by action potentials propagating across long-range axonal arborizations. Here, we develop and test methodology for imaging and annotating the brain-wide axonal arborizations of individual excitatory layer 2/3 neurons in mouse barrel cortex through single-cell electroporation and two-photon serial section tomography followed by registration to a digital brain atlas. Each neuron had an extensive local axon within the barrel cortex. In addition, individual neurons innervated subsets of secondary somatosensory cortex; primary somatosensory cortex for upper limb, trunk, and lower limb; primary and secondary motor cortex; visual and auditory cortical regions; dorsolateral striatum; and various fiber bundles. In the future, it will be important to assess if the diversity of axonal projections across individual layer 2/3 mouse barrel cortex neurons is accompanied by functional differences in their activity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carl C.H. Petersen
- Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Yang D, Qi G, Ding C, Feldmeyer D. Layer 6A Pyramidal Cell Subtypes Form Synaptic Microcircuits with Distinct Functional and Structural Properties. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2095-2111. [PMID: 34628499 PMCID: PMC9113278 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neocortical layer 6 plays a crucial role in sensorimotor co-ordination and integration through functionally segregated circuits linking intracortical and subcortical areas. We performed whole-cell recordings combined with morphological reconstructions to identify morpho-electric types of layer 6A pyramidal cells (PCs) in rat barrel cortex. Cortico-thalamic (CT), cortico-cortical (CC), and cortico-claustral (CCla) PCs were classified based on their distinct morphologies and have been shown to exhibit different electrophysiological properties. We demonstrate that these three types of layer 6A PCs innervate neighboring excitatory neurons with distinct synaptic properties: CT PCs establish weak facilitating synapses onto other L6A PCs; CC PCs form synapses of moderate efficacy, while synapses made by putative CCla PCs display the highest release probability and a marked short-term depression. For excitatory-inhibitory synaptic connections in layer 6, both the presynaptic PC type and the postsynaptic interneuron type govern the dynamic properties of the respective synaptic connections. We have identified a functional division of local layer 6A excitatory microcircuits which may be responsible for the differential temporal engagement of layer 6 feed-forward and feedback networks. Our results provide a basis for further investigations on the long-range CC, CT, and CCla pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Yang
- Research Center Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 10, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Guanxiao Qi
- Research Center Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 10, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Chao Ding
- Research Center Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 10, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Dirk Feldmeyer
- Research Center Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 10, 52425 Juelich, Germany.,RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Dept of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Translational Brain Medicine (JARA Brain), Aachen, Germany
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18
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Moon HS, Jiang H, Vo TT, Jung WB, Vazquez AL, Kim SG. Contribution of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neuronal Activity to BOLD fMRI. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4053-4067. [PMID: 33895810 PMCID: PMC8328221 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The BOLD fMRI response in the cortex is often assumed to reflect changes in excitatory neural activity. However, the contribution of inhibitory neurons to BOLD fMRI is unclear. Here, the role of inhibitory and excitatory activity was examined using multimodal approaches: electrophysiological recording, 15.2 T fMRI, optical intrinsic signal imaging, and modeling. Inhibitory and excitatory neuronal activity in the somatosensory cortex were selectively modulated by 20-s optogenetic stimulation of VGAT-ChR2 and CaMKII-ChR2 mice, respectively. Somatosensory stimulation and optogenetic stimulation of excitatory neurons induced positive BOLD responses in the somatosensory network, whereas stimulation of inhibitory neurons produced biphasic responses at the stimulation site, initial positive and later negative BOLD signals, and negative BOLD responses at downstream sites. When the stimulation duration was reduced to 5 s, the hemodynamic response of VGAT-ChR2 mice to optogenetic stimulation was only positive. Lastly, modeling performed from neuronal and hemodynamic data shows that the hemodynamic response function (HRF) of excitatory neurons is similar across different conditions, whereas the HRF of inhibitory neurons is highly sensitive to stimulation frequency and peaks earlier than that of excitatory neurons. Our study provides insights into the neurovascular coupling of excitatory and inhibitory neurons and the interpretation of BOLD fMRI signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seok Moon
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Tan Vo
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Beom Jung
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Alberto L Vazquez
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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19
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Effects of Optogenetic Stimulation of Primary Somatosensory Cortex and Its Projections to Striatum on Vibrotactile Perception in Freely Moving Rats. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0453-20.2021. [PMID: 33593733 PMCID: PMC7986534 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0453-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tactile sensation is one of our primary means to collect information about the nearby environment and thus crucial for daily activities and survival. Therefore, it is of high importance to restore sensory feedback after sensory loss. Optogenetic manipulation allows local or pathway-specific write-in of information. However, it remains elusive whether optogenetic stimulation can be interpreted as tactile sensation to guide operant behavior and how it is integrated with tactile stimuli. To address these questions, we employed a vibrotactile detection task combined with optogenetic neuromodulation in freely moving rats. By bidirectionally manipulating the activity of neurons in primary somatosensory cortex (S1), we demonstrated that optical activation as well as inhibition of S1 reduced the detection rate for vibrotactile stimuli. Interestingly, activation of corticostriatal terminals improved the detection of tactile stimuli, while inhibition of corticostriatal terminals did not affect the performance. To manipulate the corticostriatal pathway more specifically, we employed a dual viral system. Activation of corticostriatal cell bodies disturbed the tactile perception while activation of corticostriatal terminals slightly facilitated the detection of vibrotactile stimuli. In the absence of tactile stimuli, both corticostriatal cell bodies as well as terminals caused a reaction. Taken together, our data confirmed the possibility to restore sensation using optogenetics and demonstrated that S1 and its descending projections to striatum play differential roles in the neural processing underlying vibrotactile detection.
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20
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A somatosensory cortex input to the caudal dorsolateral striatum controls comorbid anxiety in persistent pain. Pain 2021; 161:416-428. [PMID: 31651582 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain and anxiety symptoms are frequently encountered clinically, but the neural circuit mechanisms underlying the comorbid anxiety symptoms in pain (CASP) in context of chronic pain remain unclear. Using viral neuronal tracing in mice, we identified a previously unknown pathway whereby glutamatergic neurons from layer 5 of the hindlimb primary somatosensory cortex (S1) (Glu), a well-known brain region involved in pain processing, project to GABAergic neurons in the caudal dorsolateral striatum (GABA). In a persistent inflammatory pain model induced by complete Freund's adjuvant injection, enhanced excitation of the Glu→GABA pathway was found in mice exhibiting CASP. Reversing this pathway using chemogenetic or optogenetic approaches alleviated CASP. In addition, the optical activation of Glu terminals in the cDLS produced anxiety-like behaviors in naive mice. Overall, the current study demonstrates the putative importance of a novel Glu→GABA pathway in controlling at least some aspects of CASP.
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21
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Terlau J, Yang J, Khastkhodaei Z, Seidenbecher T, Luhmann HJ, Pape H, Lüttjohann A. Spike‐wave discharges in absence epilepsy: segregation of electrographic components reveals distinct pathways of seizure activity. J Physiol 2020; 598:2397-2414. [DOI: 10.1113/jp279483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Terlau
- Institute of Physiology IWestfälische Wilhelms University Münster Münster Germany
| | - Jenq‐Wei Yang
- Institute of PhysiologyUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Zeinab Khastkhodaei
- Institute of PhysiologyUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Thomas Seidenbecher
- Institute of Physiology IWestfälische Wilhelms University Münster Münster Germany
| | - Heiko J. Luhmann
- Institute of PhysiologyUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Hans‐Christian Pape
- Institute of Physiology IWestfälische Wilhelms University Münster Münster Germany
| | - Annika Lüttjohann
- Institute of Physiology IWestfälische Wilhelms University Münster Münster Germany
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22
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Andreoli E, Petrenko V, Constanthin PE, Contestabile A, Bocchi R, Egervari K, Quairiaux C, Salmon P, Kiss JZ. Transplanted Embryonic Neurons Improve Functional Recovery by Increasing Activity in Injured Cortical Circuits. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4708-4725. [PMID: 32266929 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of appropriate neuronal precursors after injury is a promising strategy to reconstruct cortical circuits, but the efficiency of these approaches remains limited. Here, we applied targeted apoptosis to selectively ablate layer II/III pyramidal neurons in the rat juvenile cerebral cortex and attempted to replace lost neurons with their appropriate embryonic precursors by transplantation. We demonstrate that grafted precursors do not migrate to replace lost neurons but form vascularized clusters establishing reciprocal synaptic contacts with host networks and show functional integration. These heterotopic neuronal clusters significantly enhance the activity of the host circuits without causing epileptic seizures and attenuate the apoptotic injury-induced functional deficits in electrophysiological and behavioral tests. Chemogenetic activation of grafted neurons further improved functional recovery, and the persistence of the graft was necessary for maintaining restored functions in adult animals. Thus, implanting neuronal precursors capable to form synaptically integrated neuronal clusters combined with activation-based approaches represents a useful strategy for helping long-term functional recovery following brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Andreoli
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Volodymyr Petrenko
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Eugène Constanthin
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Contestabile
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Bocchi
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kristof Egervari
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles Quairiaux
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Salmon
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jozsef Zoltan Kiss
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Activity in grafted human iPS cell-derived cortical neurons integrated in stroke-injured rat brain regulates motor behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9094-9100. [PMID: 32253308 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000690117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation can improve behavioral recovery after stroke in animal models but whether stem cell-derived neurons become functionally integrated into stroke-injured brain circuitry is poorly understood. Here we show that intracortically grafted human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived cortical neurons send widespread axonal projections to both hemispheres of rats with ischemic lesions in the cerebral cortex. Using rabies virus-based transsynaptic tracing, we find that at 6 mo after transplantation, host neurons in the contralateral somatosensory cortex receive monosynaptic inputs from grafted neurons. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrates myelination of the graft-derived axons in the corpus callosum and that their terminals form excitatory, glutamatergic synapses on host cortical neurons. We show that the stroke-induced asymmetry in a sensorimotor (cylinder) test is reversed by transplantation. Light-induced inhibition of halorhodopsin-expressing, grafted neurons does not recreate the impairment, indicating that its reversal is not due to neuronal activity in the graft. However, we find bilateral decrease of motor performance in the cylinder test after light-induced inhibition of either grafted or endogenous halorhodopsin-expressing cortical neurons, located in the same area, and after inhibition of endogenous halorhodopsin-expressing cortical neurons by exposure of their axons to light on the contralateral side. Our data indicate that activity in the grafted neurons, probably mediated through transcallosal connections to the contralateral hemisphere, is involved in maintaining normal motor function. This is an example of functional integration of efferent projections from grafted neurons into the stroke-affected brain's neural circuitry, which raises the possibility that such repair might be achievable also in humans affected by stroke.
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24
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Böhm M, Chung DY, Gómez CA, Qin T, Takizawa T, Sadeghian H, Sugimoto K, Sakadžić S, Yaseen MA, Ayata C. Neurovascular coupling during optogenetic functional activation: Local and remote stimulus-response characteristics, and uncoupling by spreading depression. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:808-822. [PMID: 31063009 PMCID: PMC7168797 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19845934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling is a fundamental response that links activity to perfusion. Traditional paradigms of neurovascular coupling utilize somatosensory stimulation to activate the primary sensory cortex through subcortical relays. Therefore, examination of neurovascular coupling in disease models can be confounded if the disease process affects these multisynaptic pathways. Optogenetic stimulation is an alternative to directly activate neurons, bypassing the subcortical relays. We employed minimally invasive optogenetic cortical activation through intact skull in Thy1-channelrhodopsin-2 transgenic mice, examined the blood flow changes using laser speckle imaging, and related these to evoked electrophysiological activity. Our data show that optogenetic activation of barrel cortex triggers intensity- and frequency-dependent hyperemia both locally within the barrel cortex (>50% CBF increase), and remotely within the ipsilateral motor cortex (>30% CBF increase). Intriguingly, activation of the barrel cortex causes a small (∼10%) but reproducible hypoperfusion within the contralateral barrel cortex, electrophysiologically linked to transhemispheric inhibition. Cortical spreading depression, known to cause neurovascular uncoupling, diminishes optogenetic hyperemia by more than 50% for up to an hour despite rapid recovery of evoked electrophysiological activity, recapitulating a unique feature of physiological neurovascular coupling. Altogether, these data establish a minimally invasive paradigm to investigate neurovascular coupling for longitudinal characterization of cerebrovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Böhm
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Y Chung
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos A Gómez
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tao Qin
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tsubasa Takizawa
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Homa Sadeghian
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kazutaka Sugimoto
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Mohammad A Yaseen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Orefice LL. Peripheral Somatosensory Neuron Dysfunction: Emerging Roles in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Neuroscience 2020; 445:120-129. [PMID: 32035119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in somatosensory (touch and pain) behaviors are highly prevalent among people with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the neural mechanisms underlying abnormal touch and pain-related behaviors in ASDs and how altered somatosensory reactivity might contribute to ASD pathogenesis has not been well studied. Here, we provide a brief review of somatosensory alterations observed in people with ASDs and recent evidence from animal models that implicates peripheral neurons as a locus of dysfunction for somatosensory abnormalities in ASDs. Lastly, we describe current efforts to understand how altered peripheral sensory neuron dysfunction may impact brain development and complex behaviors in ASD models, and whether targeting peripheral somatosensory neurons to improve their function might also improve related ASD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Orefice
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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26
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Averna A, Pasquale V, Murphy MD, Rogantin MP, Van Acker GM, Nudo RJ, Chiappalone M, Guggenmos DJ. Differential Effects of Open- and Closed-Loop Intracortical Microstimulation on Firing Patterns of Neurons in Distant Cortical Areas. Cereb Cortex 2019; 30:2879-2896. [PMID: 31832642 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracortical microstimulation can be used successfully to modulate neuronal activity. Activity-dependent stimulation (ADS), in which action potentials recorded extracellularly from a single neuron are used to trigger stimulation at another cortical location (closed-loop), is an effective treatment for behavioral recovery after brain lesion, but the related neurophysiological changes are still not clear. Here, we investigated the ability of ADS and random stimulation (RS) to alter firing patterns of distant cortical locations. We recorded 591 neuronal units from 23 Long-Evan healthy anesthetized rats. Stimulation was delivered to either forelimb or barrel field somatosensory cortex, using either RS or ADS triggered from spikes recorded in the rostral forelimb area (RFA). Both RS and ADS stimulation protocols rapidly altered spike firing within RFA compared with no stimulation. We observed increase in firing rates and change of spike patterns. ADS was more effective than RS in increasing evoked spikes during the stimulation periods, by producing a reliable, progressive increase in stimulus-related activity over time and an increased coupling of the trigger channel with the network. These results are critical for understanding the efficacy of closed-loop electrical microstimulation protocols in altering activity patterns in interconnected brain networks, thus modulating cortical state and functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Averna
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child science (DINOGMI), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy.,Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Pasquale
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Maxwell D Murphy
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | | | - Gustaf M Van Acker
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Randolph J Nudo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | | | - David J Guggenmos
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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27
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Jung WB, Shim HJ, Kim SG. Mouse BOLD fMRI at ultrahigh field detects somatosensory networks including thalamic nuclei. Neuroimage 2019; 195:203-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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28
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Real R, Peter M, Trabalza A, Khan S, Smith MA, Dopp J, Barnes SJ, Momoh A, Strano A, Volpi E, Knott G, Livesey FJ, De Paola V. In vivo modeling of human neuron dynamics and Down syndrome. Science 2018; 362:science.aau1810. [PMID: 30309905 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing the potential of human stem cells for modeling the physiology and diseases of cortical circuitry requires monitoring cellular dynamics in vivo. We show that human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons transplanted into the adult mouse cortex consistently organized into large (up to ~100 mm3) vascularized neuron-glia territories with complex cytoarchitecture. Longitudinal imaging of >4000 grafted developing human neurons revealed that neuronal arbors refined via branch-specific retraction; human synaptic networks substantially restructured over 4 months, with balanced rates of synapse formation and elimination; and oscillatory population activity mirrored the patterns of fetal neural networks. Lastly, we found increased synaptic stability and reduced oscillations in transplants from two individuals with Down syndrome, demonstrating the potential of in vivo imaging in human tissue grafts for patient-specific modeling of cortical development, physiology, and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Real
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Manuel Peter
- Gurdon Institute and ARUK Stem Cell Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Antonio Trabalza
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Shabana Khan
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mark A Smith
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joana Dopp
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Samuel J Barnes
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ayiba Momoh
- Gurdon Institute and ARUK Stem Cell Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Alessio Strano
- Gurdon Institute and ARUK Stem Cell Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Emanuela Volpi
- University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish St., London W1W 6UW, UK
| | | | - Frederick J Livesey
- Gurdon Institute and ARUK Stem Cell Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK. .,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St., London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Vincenzo De Paola
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK. .,Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, UK
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29
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Massé IO, Ross S, Bronchti G, Boire D. Asymmetric Direct Reciprocal Connections Between Primary Visual and Somatosensory Cortices of the Mouse. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4361-4378. [PMID: 27522075 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies show direct connections between primary sensory cortices involved in multisensory integration. The purpose of this study is to understand the microcircuitry of the reciprocal connections between visual and somatosensory cortices. The laminar distribution of retrogradely labeled cell bodies in V1 and in the somatosensory cortex both in (S1BF) and outside (S1) the barrel field was studied to provide layer indices in order to determine whether the connections are of feedforward, feedback or lateral type. Single axons were reconstructed and the size of their swellings was stereologically sampled. The negative layer indices in S1 and S1BF and the layer index near zero in V1 indicate that the connection from S1BF to V1 is of feedback type while the opposite is of lateral type. The greater incidence of larger axonal swellings in the projection from V1 to S1BF strongly suggests that S1BF receives a stronger driver input from V1 and that S1BF inputs to V1 have a predominant modulatory influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian O Massé
- Département d'anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, CanadaG9A 2W7
| | - Stéphanie Ross
- Département d'anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, CanadaG9A 2W7
| | - Gilles Bronchti
- Département d'anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, CanadaG9A 2W7
| | - Denis Boire
- Département d'anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, CanadaG9A 2W7
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30
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Almeida-Corrêa S, Czisch M, Wotjak CT. In Vivo Visualization of Active Polysynaptic Circuits With Longitudinal Manganese-Enhanced MRI (MEMRI). Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:42. [PMID: 29887796 PMCID: PMC5981681 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) is a powerful tool for in vivo non-invasive whole-brain mapping of neuronal activity. Mn2+ enters active neurons via voltage-gated calcium channels and increases local contrast in T1-weighted images. Given the property of Mn2+ of axonal transport, this technique can also be used for tract tracing after local administration of the contrast agent. However, MEMRI is still not widely employed in basic research due to the lack of a complete description of the Mn2+ dynamics in the brain. Here, we sought to investigate how the activity state of neurons modulates interneuronal Mn2+ transport. To this end, we injected mice with low dose MnCl2 2. (i.p., 20 mg/kg; repeatedly for 8 days) followed by two MEMRI scans at an interval of 1 week without further MnCl2 injections. We assessed changes in T1 contrast intensity before (scan 1) and after (scan 2) partial sensory deprivation (unilateral whisker trimming), while keeping the animals in a sensory enriched environment. After correcting for the general decay in Mn2+ content, whole brain analysis revealed a single cluster with higher signal in scan 1 compared to scan 2: the left barrel cortex corresponding to the right untrimmed whiskers. In the inverse contrast (scan 2 > scan 1), a number of brain structures, including many efferents of the left barrel cortex were observed. These results suggest that continuous neuronal activity elicited by ongoing sensory stimulation accelerates Mn2+ transport from the uptake site to its projection terminals, while the blockage of sensory-input and the resulting decrease in neuronal activity attenuates Mn2+ transport. The description of this critical property of Mn2+ dynamics in the brain allows a better understanding of MEMRI functional mechanisms, which will lead to more carefully designed experiments and clearer interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen Almeida-Corrêa
- Department of Stress Neurobiology & Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Czisch
- Core Unit Neuroimaging, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten T Wotjak
- Department of Stress Neurobiology & Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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31
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Abbasi A, Goueytes D, Shulz DE, Ego-Stengel V, Estebanez L. A fast intracortical brain–machine interface with patterned optogenetic feedback. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:046011. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aabb80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Zuo X, Hou Q, Jin J, Chen X, Zhan L, Tang Y, Shi Z, Sun W, Xu E. Inhibition of Cathepsins B Induces Neuroprotection Against Secondary Degeneration in Ipsilateral Substantia Nigra After Focal Cortical Infarction in Adult Male Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:125. [PMID: 29867438 PMCID: PMC5954112 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability in the world. In general, recovery from stroke is incomplete. Accumulating evidences have shown that focal cerebral infarction leads to dynamic trans-neuronal degeneration in non-ischemic remote brain regions, with the disruption of connections to synapsed neurons sustaining ischemic insults. Previously, we had reported that the ipsilateral striatum, thalamus degenerated in succession after permanent distal branch of middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and cathepsin (Cath) B was activated before these relay degeneration. Here, we investigate the role of CathB in the secondary degeneration of ipsilateral substantia nigra (SN) after focal cortical infarction. We further examined whether the inhibition of CathB with L-3-trans-(Propyl-carbamoyloxirane-2-carbonyl)-L-isoleucyl-L-proline methyl ester (CA-074Me) would attenuate secondary degeneration through enhancing the cortico-striatum-nigral connections and contribute to the neuroprotective effects. Our results demonstrated that secondary degeneration in the ipsilateral SN occurred and CathB was upregulated in the ipsilateral SN after focal cortical infarction. The inhibition of CathB with CA-074Me reduced the neuronal loss and gliosis in the ipsilateral SN. Using biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) or pseudorabies virus (PRV) 152 as anterograde or retrograde tracer to trace striatum-nigral and cortico-nigral projections pathway, CA-074Me can effectively enhance the cortico-striatum-nigral connections and exert neuroprotection against secondary degeneration in the ipsilateral SN after cortical ischemia. Our study suggests that the lysosomal protease CathB mediates the secondary damage in the ipsilateral SN after dMCAO, thus it can be a promising neuroprotective target for the rehabilitation of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialin Zuo
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Hou
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jizi Jin
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - En Xu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Estebanez L, Hoffmann D, Voigt BC, Poulet JFA. Parvalbumin-Expressing GABAergic Neurons in Primary Motor Cortex Signal Reaching. Cell Rep 2018; 20:308-318. [PMID: 28700934 PMCID: PMC5522533 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of targeted reaching is thought to be shaped by distinct subtypes of local GABAergic inhibitory neurons in primary forelimb motor cortex (M1). However, little is known about their action potential firing dynamics during reaching. To address this, we recorded the activity of parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) GABAergic neurons identified from a larger population of fast-spiking units and putative excitatory regular-spiking units in layer 5 of the mouse forelimb M1 during an M1-dependent, sensory-triggered reaching task. PV+ neurons showed short latency responses to the acoustic cue and vibrotactile trigger stimulus and an increase in firing at reaching onset that scaled with the amplitude of reaching. Unexpectedly, PV+ neurons fired before regular-spiking units at reach onset and showed high overall firing rates during both sensory-triggered and spontaneous reaches. Our data suggest that increasing M1 PV+ neuron firing rates may play a role in the initiation of voluntary reaching. Extracellular recordings from layer 5 M1 PV+ neurons during sensory-triggered reaching Task-related sensory- and motor-evoked responses in forelimb M1 neurons PV+ neuron firing rates are positively correlated with reaching amplitude PV+ neurons are activated before regular-spiking units at reaching onset
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Estebanez
- Department of Neuroscience, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Neuroscience Research Center and Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Hoffmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Neuroscience Research Center and Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit C Voigt
- Department of Neuroscience, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Neuroscience Research Center and Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - James F A Poulet
- Department of Neuroscience, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Neuroscience Research Center and Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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34
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Abstract
Top-down processes conveying contextual information play a major role in shaping odor representations within the olfactory system, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The hippocampus (HPC) is a major source of olfactory top-down modulation, providing direct excitatory inputs to the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON). However, HPC-AON projections remain uncharacterized. In an effort to understand how hippocampal inputs are distributed within the AON, we systematically outlined their organization using anterograde and retrograde tracing methods. We found that AON-projecting hippocampal pyramidal neurons are located mostly in the ventral two-thirds of the HPC and are organized topographically such that cells with a ventral to intermediate hippocampal point of origin terminate, respectively, at the medial to lateral AON. Our neuroanatomical findings suggest a potential role for the HPC in the early processing and contextualization of odors which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afif J Aqrabawi
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jun Chul Kim
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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35
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McElvain LE, Friedman B, Karten HJ, Svoboda K, Wang F, Deschênes M, Kleinfeld D. Circuits in the rodent brainstem that control whisking in concert with other orofacial motor actions. Neuroscience 2018; 368:152-170. [PMID: 28843993 PMCID: PMC5849401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The world view of rodents is largely determined by sensation on two length scales. One is within the animal's peri-personal space; sensorimotor control on this scale involves active movements of the nose, tongue, head, and vibrissa, along with sniffing to determine olfactory clues. The second scale involves the detection of more distant space through vision and audition; these detection processes also impact repositioning of the head, eyes, and ears. Here we focus on orofacial motor actions, primarily vibrissa-based touch but including nose twitching, head bobbing, and licking, that control sensation at short, peri-personal distances. The orofacial nuclei for control of the motor plants, as well as primary and secondary sensory nuclei associated with these motor actions, lie within the hindbrain. The current data support three themes: First, the position of the sensors is determined by the summation of two drive signals, i.e., a fast rhythmic component and an evolving orienting component. Second, the rhythmic component is coordinated across all orofacial motor actions and is phase-locked to sniffing as the animal explores. Reverse engineering reveals that the preBötzinger inspiratory complex provides the reset to the relevant premotor oscillators. Third, direct feedback from somatosensory trigeminal nuclei can rapidly alter motion of the sensors. This feedback is disynaptic and can be tuned by high-level inputs. A holistic model for the coordination of orofacial motor actions into behaviors will encompass feedback pathways through the midbrain and forebrain, as well as hindbrain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E McElvain
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Beth Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Harvey J Karten
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karel Svoboda
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Martin Deschênes
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Québec City, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Section of Neurobiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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36
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Bale MR, Maravall M. Organization of sensory feature selectivity in the whisker system. Neuroscience 2017; 368:70-80. [PMID: 28918260 PMCID: PMC5798594 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurons in the whisker system are selective to spatial and dynamical properties – features – of sensory stimuli. At each stage of the pathway, different neurons encode distinct features, generating a rich population representation. Whisker touch is robustly represented; neurons respond to touch-driven fast fluctuations in forces at the whisker base. Cortical neurons have more complex and context-dependent selectivity than subcortical, e.g., to collective whisker motion. Understanding how these signals are integrated to construct whisker-mediated percepts requires further research.
Our sensory receptors are faced with an onslaught of different environmental inputs. Each sensory event or encounter with an object involves a distinct combination of physical energy sources impinging upon receptors. In the rodent whisker system, each primary afferent neuron located in the trigeminal ganglion innervates and responds to a single whisker and encodes a distinct set of physical stimulus properties – features – corresponding to changes in whisker angle and shape and the consequent forces acting on the whisker follicle. Here we review the nature of the features encoded by successive stages of processing along the whisker pathway. At each stage different neurons respond to distinct features, such that the population as a whole represents diverse properties. Different neuronal types also have distinct feature selectivity. Thus, neurons at the same stage of processing and responding to the same whisker nevertheless play different roles in representing objects contacted by the whisker. This diversity, combined with the precise timing and high reliability of responses, enables populations at each stage to represent a wide range of stimuli. Cortical neurons respond to more complex stimulus properties – such as correlated motion across whiskers – than those at early subcortical stages. Temporal integration along the pathway is comparatively weak: neurons up to barrel cortex (BC) are sensitive mainly to fast (tens of milliseconds) fluctuations in whisker motion. The topographic organization of whisker sensitivity is paralleled by systematic organization of neuronal selectivity to certain other physical features, but selectivity to touch and to dynamic stimulus properties is distributed in “salt-and-pepper” fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Bale
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Maravall
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom.
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37
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Organization and somatotopy of corticothalamic projections from L5B in mouse barrel cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:8853-8858. [PMID: 28774955 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704302114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in cortical layer 5B (L5B) connect the cortex to numerous subcortical areas. Possibly the best-studied L5B cortico-subcortical connection is that between L5B neurons in the rodent barrel cortex (BC) and the posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus (POm). However, the spatial organization of L5B giant boutons in the POm and other subcortical targets is not known, and therefore it is unclear if this descending pathway retains somatotopy, i.e., body map organization, a hallmark of the ascending somatosensory pathway. We investigated the organization of the descending L5B pathway from the BC by dual-color anterograde labeling. We reconstructed and quantified the bouton clouds originating from adjacent L5B columns in the BC in three dimensions. L5B cells target six nuclei in the anterior midbrain and thalamus, including the posterior thalamus, the zona incerta, and the anterior pretectum. The L5B subcortical innervation is target specific in terms of bouton numbers, density, and projection volume. Common to all target nuclei investigated here is the maintenance of projection topology from different barrel columns in the BC, albeit with target-specific precision. We estimated low cortico-subcortical convergence and divergence, demonstrating that the L5B corticothalamic pathway is sparse and highly parallelized. Finally, the spatial organization of boutons and whisker map organization revealed the subdivision of the posterior group of the thalamus into four subnuclei (anterior, lateral, medial, and posterior). In conclusion, corticofugal L5B neurons establish a widespread cortico-subcortical network via sparse and somatotopically organized parallel pathways.
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38
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Mathews MA, Camp AJ, Murray AJ. Reviewing the Role of the Efferent Vestibular System in Motor and Vestibular Circuits. Front Physiol 2017; 8:552. [PMID: 28824449 PMCID: PMC5539236 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Efferent circuits within the nervous system carry nerve impulses from the central nervous system to sensory end organs. Vestibular efferents originate in the brainstem and terminate on hair cells and primary afferent fibers in the semicircular canals and otolith organs within the inner ear. The function of this efferent vestibular system (EVS) in vestibular and motor coordination though, has proven difficult to determine, and remains under debate. We consider current literature that implicate corollary discharge from the spinal cord through the efferent vestibular nucleus (EVN), and hint at a potential role in overall vestibular plasticity and compensation. Hypotheses range from differentiating between passive and active movements at the level of vestibular afferents, to EVS activation under specific behavioral and environmental contexts such as arousal, predation, and locomotion. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of EVS circuitry, its effects on vestibular hair cell and primary afferent activity, and discuss its potential functional roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A Mathews
- Sensory Systems and Integration Laboratory, Bosch Institute, Discipline of Biomedical Science, University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron J Camp
- Sensory Systems and Integration Laboratory, Bosch Institute, Discipline of Biomedical Science, University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
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39
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Guo C, Peng J, Zhang Y, Li A, Li Y, Yuan J, Xu X, Ren M, Gong H, Chen S. Single-axon level morphological analysis of corticofugal projection neurons in mouse barrel field. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2846. [PMID: 28588276 PMCID: PMC5460143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticofugal projection neurons are key components in connecting the neocortex and the subcortical regions. In the barrel field, these neurons have various projection targets and play crucial roles in the rodent whisker sensorimotor system. However, the projection features of corticofugal projection neurons at the single-axon level are far from comprehensive elucidation. Based on a brain-wide positioning system with high-resolution imaging for Thy1-GFP M-line mice brains, we reconstructed and analyzed more than one hundred corticofugal projection neurons in both layer V and VI of barrel cortex. The dual-color imaging made it possible to locate the neurons’ somata, trace their corresponding dendrites and axons and then distinguish the neurons as L5 type I/II or L6 type. The corticofugal projection pattern showed significant diversity across individual neurons. Usually, the L5 type I neurons have greater multi-region projection potential. The thalamus and the midbrain are the most frequent projection targets among the investigated multidirectional projection neurons, and the hypothalamus is particularly unique in that it only appears in multidirectional projection situations. Statistically, the average branch length of apical dendrites in multi-region projection groups is larger than that of single-region projection groups. This study demonstrated a single-axon-level analysis for barrel corticofugal projection neurons, which could provide a micro-anatomical basis for interpreting whisker sensorimotor circuit function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congdi Guo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yalun Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Miao Ren
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shangbin Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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40
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Tornero D, Tsupykov O, Granmo M, Rodriguez C, Grønning-Hansen M, Thelin J, Smozhanik E, Laterza C, Wattananit S, Ge R, Tatarishvili J, Grealish S, Brüstle O, Skibo G, Parmar M, Schouenborg J, Lindvall O, Kokaia Z. Synaptic inputs from stroke-injured brain to grafted human stem cell-derived neurons activated by sensory stimuli. Brain 2017; 140:692-706. [PMID: 28115364 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplanted neurons derived from stem cells have been proposed to improve function in animal models of human disease by various mechanisms such as neuronal replacement. However, whether the grafted neurons receive functional synaptic inputs from the recipient's brain and integrate into host neural circuitry is unknown. Here we studied the synaptic inputs from the host brain to grafted cortical neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells after transplantation into stroke-injured rat cerebral cortex. Using the rabies virus-based trans-synaptic tracing method and immunoelectron microscopy, we demonstrate that the grafted neurons receive direct synaptic inputs from neurons in different host brain areas located in a pattern similar to that of neurons projecting to the corresponding endogenous cortical neurons in the intact brain. Electrophysiological in vivo recordings from the cortical implants show that physiological sensory stimuli, i.e. cutaneous stimulation of nose and paw, can activate or inhibit spontaneous activity in grafted neurons, indicating that at least some of the afferent inputs are functional. In agreement, we find using patch-clamp recordings that a portion of grafted neurons respond to photostimulation of virally transfected, channelrhodopsin-2-expressing thalamo-cortical axons in acute brain slices. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that the host brain regulates the activity of grafted neurons, providing strong evidence that transplanted human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons can become incorporated into injured cortical circuitry. Our findings support the idea that these neurons could contribute to functional recovery in stroke and other conditions causing neuronal loss in cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tornero
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oleg Tsupykov
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, and State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, 01024, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marcus Granmo
- Neuronano Research Center, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cristina Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marita Grønning-Hansen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Thelin
- Neuronano Research Center, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Smozhanik
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, and State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, 01024, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Cecilia Laterza
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Somsak Wattananit
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ruimin Ge
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jemal Tatarishvili
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shane Grealish
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Galina Skibo
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, and State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, 01024, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Malin Parmar
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Schouenborg
- Neuronano Research Center, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Lindvall
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
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41
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Spisák T, Pozsgay Z, Aranyi C, Dávid S, Kocsis P, Nyitrai G, Gajári D, Emri M, Czurkó A, Kincses ZT. Central sensitization-related changes of effective and functional connectivity in the rat inflammatory trigeminal pain model. Neuroscience 2016; 344:133-147. [PMID: 28003158 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Central sensitization is a key mechanism in the pathology of several neuropathic pain disorders. We aimed to investigate the underlying brain connectivity changes in a rat model of chronic pain. Non-noxious whisker stimulation was used to evoke blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses in a block-design functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) experiment on 9.4T. Measurements were repeated two days and one week after injecting complete Freund's adjuvant into the rats' whisker pad. We found that acute pain reduced activation in the barrel cortex, most probably due to a plateau effect. After one week, increased activation of the anterior cingulate cortex was found. Analyses of effective connectivity driven by stimulus-related activation revealed that chronic pain-related central sensitization manifested as a widespread alteration in the activity of the somatosensory network. Changes were mainly mediated by the anterior cingulate cortex and the striatum and affected the somatosensory and motor cortices and the superior colliculus. Functional connectivity analysis of nested BOLD oscillations justified that the anterior cingular-somatosensory interplay is a key element of network changes. Additionally, a decreased cingulo-motor functional connectivity implies that alterations also involve the output tract of the network. Our results extend the knowledge about the role of the cingulate cortex in the chronification of pain and indicate that integration of multiple connectivity analysis could be fruitful in studying the central sensitization in the pain matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Spisák
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsófia Pozsgay
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Aranyi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Dávid
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Kocsis
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Dávid Gajári
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Emri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Czurkó
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsigmond Tamás Kincses
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Hungary; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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42
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Long-range projections coordinate distributed brain-wide neural activity with a specific spatiotemporal profile. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E8306-E8315. [PMID: 27930323 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616361113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One challenge in contemporary neuroscience is to achieve an integrated understanding of the large-scale brain-wide interactions, particularly the spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity that give rise to functions and behavior. At present, little is known about the spatiotemporal properties of long-range neuronal networks. We examined brain-wide neural activity patterns elicited by stimulating ventral posteromedial (VPM) thalamo-cortical excitatory neurons through combined optogenetic stimulation and functional MRI (fMRI). We detected robust optogenetically evoked fMRI activation bilaterally in primary visual, somatosensory, and auditory cortices at low (1 Hz) but not high frequencies (5-40 Hz). Subsequent electrophysiological recordings indicated interactions over long temporal windows across thalamo-cortical, cortico-cortical, and interhemispheric callosal projections at low frequencies. We further observed enhanced visually evoked fMRI activation during and after VPM stimulation in the superior colliculus, indicating that visual processing was subcortically modulated by low-frequency activity originating from VPM. Stimulating posteromedial complex thalamo-cortical excitatory neurons also evoked brain-wide blood-oxygenation-level-dependent activation, although with a distinct spatiotemporal profile. Our results directly demonstrate that low-frequency activity governs large-scale, brain-wide connectivity and interactions through long-range excitatory projections to coordinate the functional integration of remote brain regions. This low-frequency phenomenon contributes to the neural basis of long-range functional connectivity as measured by resting-state fMRI.
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43
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Cacciola A, Milardi D, Anastasi GP, Basile GA, Ciolli P, Irrera M, Cutroneo G, Bruschetta D, Rizzo G, Mondello S, Bramanti P, Quartarone A. A Direct Cortico-Nigral Pathway as Revealed by Constrained Spherical Deconvolution Tractography in Humans. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:374. [PMID: 27507940 PMCID: PMC4960230 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantia nigra is an important neuronal structure, located in the ventral midbrain, that exerts a regulatory function within the basal ganglia circuitry through the nigro-striatal pathway. Although its subcortical connections are relatively well-known in human brain, little is known about its cortical connections. The existence of a direct cortico-nigral pathway has been demonstrated in rodents and primates but only hypothesized in humans. In this study, we aimed at evaluating cortical connections of substantia nigra in vivo in human brain by using probabilistic constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) tractography on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging data. We found that substantia nigra is connected with cerebral cortex as a whole, with the most representative connections involving prefrontal cortex, precentral and postcentral gyri and superior parietal lobule. These results may be relevant for the comprehension of the pathophysiology of several neurological disorders involving substantia nigra, such as parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and pathological addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Demetrio Milardi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo"Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe P Anastasi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo A Basile
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Ciolli
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Mariangela Irrera
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Cutroneo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Bruschetta
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Quartarone
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo"Messina, Italy
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44
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Papp EA, Leergaard TB, Csucs G, Bjaalie JG. Brain-Wide Mapping of Axonal Connections: Workflow for Automated Detection and Spatial Analysis of Labeling in Microscopic Sections. Front Neuroinform 2016; 10:11. [PMID: 27148038 PMCID: PMC4835481 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2016.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal tracing techniques are powerful tools for exploring the structural organization of neuronal connections. Tracers such as biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) and Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (Pha-L) allow brain-wide mapping of connections through analysis of large series of histological section images. We present a workflow for efficient collection and analysis of tract-tracing datasets with a focus on newly developed modules for image processing and assignment of anatomical location to tracing data. New functionality includes automatic detection of neuronal labeling in large image series, alignment of images to a volumetric brain atlas, and analytical tools for measuring the position and extent of labeling. To evaluate the workflow, we used high-resolution microscopic images from axonal tracing experiments in which different parts of the rat primary somatosensory cortex had been injected with BDA or Pha-L. Parameters from a set of representative images were used to automate detection of labeling in image series covering the entire brain, resulting in binary maps of the distribution of labeling. For high to medium labeling densities, automatic detection was found to provide reliable results when compared to manual analysis, whereas weak labeling required manual curation for optimal detection. To identify brain regions corresponding to labeled areas, section images were aligned to the Waxholm Space (WHS) atlas of the Sprague Dawley rat brain (v2) by custom-angle slicing of the MRI template to match individual sections. Based on the alignment, WHS coordinates were obtained for labeled elements and transformed to stereotaxic coordinates. The new workflow modules increase the efficiency and reliability of labeling detection in large series of images from histological sections, and enable anchoring to anatomical atlases for further spatial analysis and comparison with other data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter A Papp
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Gergely Csucs
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan G Bjaalie
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
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45
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Johnson BA, Frostig RD. Long, intrinsic horizontal axons radiating through and beyond rat barrel cortex have spatial distributions similar to horizontal spreads of activity evoked by whisker stimulation. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:3617-39. [PMID: 26438334 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of a single whisker evokes a peak of activity that is centered over the associated barrel in rat primary somatosensory cortex, and yet the evoked local field potential and the intrinsic signal optical imaging response spread symmetrically away from this barrel for over 3.5 mm to cross cytoarchitectonic borders into other "unimodal" sensory cortical areas. To determine whether long horizontal axons have the spatial distribution necessary to underlie this activity spread, we injected adeno-associated viral vectors into barrel cortex and characterized labeled axons extending from the injection site in transverse sections of flattened cortex. Combined qualitative and quantitative analyses revealed labeled axons radiating diffusely in all directions for over 3.5 mm from supragranular injection sites, with density declining over distance. The projection pattern was similar at four different cortical depths, including infragranular laminae. Infragranular vector injections produced patterns similar to the supragranular injections. Long horizontal axons were detected both using a vector with a permissive cytomegalovirus promoter to label all neuronal subtypes and using a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α vector to restrict labeling to excitatory cortical pyramidal neurons. Individual axons were successfully reconstructed from series of supragranular sections, indicating that they traversed gray matter only. Reconstructed axons extended from the injection site, left the barrel field, branched, and sometimes crossed into other sensory cortices identified by cytochrome oxidase staining. Thus, radiations of long horizontal axons indeed have the spatial characteristics necessary to explain horizontal activity spreads. These axons may contribute to multimodal cortical responses and various forms of cortical neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Johnson
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-4550, USA
| | - R D Frostig
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-4550, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Johnson BA, Frostig RD. Photonics meets connectomics: case of diffuse, long-range horizontal projections in rat cortex. NEUROPHOTONICS 2015; 2:041403. [PMID: 26158017 PMCID: PMC4478784 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.2.4.041403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen progress in characterizing connections between different regions of the rodent brain to establish a "connectome." This effort involves systematically collected new data together with tools to characterize network relationships in new and preexisting data. The choices made during data collection, analysis, and display in order to generate these connectomes have emphasized dense, specific connections between cortical regions defined using a priori parcellation schemes that may obscure certain spatial relationships in the data. One example of a pattern of connectivity not clearly evident in these connectomes is a diffusely radiating, apparently nonspecific, border-crossing, long-range horizontal axonal projection that is related to horizontal spreads of evoked activity in the rat cortex. Here, we describe the horizontal projection system and explore evidence for this projection within the connectome data. We consider how the differences in optical and histological methodologies and analyses used for the connectome studies and our own studies lead to different emphases concerning this important horizontal projection pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A. Johnson
- University of California–Irvine, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, 2205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ron D. Frostig
- University of California–Irvine, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, 2205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- University of California–Irvine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- University of California–Irvine, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 320 Qureshey Research Laboratory, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Zhang J, Chen L, Gu YD. Influence of contralateral homologous cortices on motor cortical reorganization after brachial plexus injuries in rats. Neurosci Lett 2015; 606:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zakiewicz IM, Majka P, Wójcik DK, Bjaalie JG, Leergaard TB. Three-Dimensional Histology Volume Reconstruction of Axonal Tract Tracing Data: Exploring Topographical Organization in Subcortical Projections from Rat Barrel Cortex. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137571. [PMID: 26398192 PMCID: PMC4580429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Topographical organization is a hallmark of the mammalian brain, and the spatial organization of axonal connections in different brain regions provides a structural framework accommodating specific patterns of neural activity. The presence, amount, and spatial distribution of axonal connections are typically studied in tract tracing experiments in which axons or neurons are labeled and examined in histological sections. Three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction techniques are used to achieve more complete visualization and improved understanding of complex topographical relationships. 3-D reconstruction approaches based on manually or semi-automatically recorded spatial points representing axonal labeling have been successfully applied for investigation of smaller brain regions, but are not practically feasible for whole-brain analysis of multiple regions. We here reconstruct serial histological images from four whole brains (originally acquired for conventional microscopic analysis) into volumetric images that are spatially registered to a 3-D atlas template. The aims were firstly to evaluate the quality of the 3-D reconstructions and the usefulness of the approach, and secondly to investigate axonal projection patterns and topographical organization in rat corticostriatal and corticothalamic pathways. We demonstrate that even with the limitations of the original routine histological material, the 3-D reconstructed volumetric images allow efficient visualization of tracer injection sites and axonal labeling, facilitating detection of spatial distributions and across-case comparisons. Our results further show that clusters of S1 corticostriatal and corticothalamic projections are distributed within narrow, elongated or spherical subspaces extending across the entire striatum / thalamus. We conclude that histology volume reconstructions facilitate mapping of spatial distribution patterns and topographical organization. The reconstructed image volumes are shared via the Rodent Brain Workbench (www.rbwb.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela M. Zakiewicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Majka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel K. Wójcik
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan G. Bjaalie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve B. Leergaard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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