1
|
Rhea EM, Leclerc M, Yassine HN, Capuano AW, Tong H, Petyuk VA, Macauley SL, Fioramonti X, Carmichael O, Calon F, Arvanitakis Z. State of the Science on Brain Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Decline Due to Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1688-1725. [PMID: 37611907 PMCID: PMC11272209 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common and increasing in prevalence worldwide, with devastating public health consequences. While peripheral insulin resistance is a key feature of most forms of T2DM and has been investigated for over a century, research on brain insulin resistance (BIR) has more recently been developed, including in the context of T2DM and non-diabetes states. Recent data support the presence of BIR in the aging brain, even in non-diabetes states, and found that BIR may be a feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contributes to cognitive impairment. Further, therapies used to treat T2DM are now being investigated in the context of AD treatment and prevention, including insulin. In this review, we offer a definition of BIR, and present evidence for BIR in AD; we discuss the expression, function, and activation of the insulin receptor (INSR) in the brain; how BIR could develop; tools to study BIR; how BIR correlates with current AD hallmarks; and regional/cellular involvement of BIR. We close with a discussion on resilience to both BIR and AD, how current tools can be improved to better understand BIR, and future avenues for research. Overall, this review and position paper highlights BIR as a plausible therapeutic target for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia due to AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Rhea
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center - Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Han Tong
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Shannon L Macauley
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA.
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Bordeaux, France and Quebec, Canada.
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Frederic Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center - Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Bordeaux, France and Quebec, Canada.
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gendron WH, Fertan E, Roddick KM, Wong AA, Maliougina M, Hiani YE, Anini Y, Brown RE. Intranasal insulin treatment ameliorates spatial memory, muscular strength, and frailty deficits in 5xFAD mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 281:114583. [PMID: 38750806 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The 5xFAD mouse model shows age-related weight loss as well as cognitive and motor deficits. Metabolic dysregulation, especially impaired insulin signaling, is also present in AD. This study examined whether intranasal delivery of insulin (INI) at low (0.875 U) or high (1.750 U) doses would ameliorate these deficits compared to saline in 10-month-old female 5xFAD and B6SJL wildtype (WT) mice. INI increased forelimb grip strength in the wire hang test in 5xFAD mice in a dose-dependent manner but did not improve the performance of 5xFAD mice on the balance beam. High INI doses reduced frailty scores in 5xFAD mice and improved spatial memory in both acquisition and reversal probe trials in the Morris water maze. INI increased swim speed in 5xFAD mice but had no effect on object recognition memory or working memory in the spontaneous alternation task, nor did it improve memory in the contextual or cued fear memory tasks. High doses of insulin increased the liver, spleen, and kidney weights and reduced brown adipose tissue weights. P-Akt signaling in the hippocampus was increased by insulin in a dose-dependent manner. Altogether, INI increased strength, reduced frailty scores, and improved visual spatial memory. Hypoglycemia was not present after INI, however alterations in tissue and organ weights were present. These results are novel and important as they indicate that intra-nasal insulin can reverse cognitive, motor and frailty deficits found in this mouse model of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William H Gendron
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Emre Fertan
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kyle M Roddick
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Aimée A Wong
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Maria Maliougina
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Younes Anini
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Richard E Brown
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rudolph MD, Sutphen CL, Register TC, Whitlow CT, Solingapuram Sai KK, Hughes TM, Bateman JR, Dage JL, Russ KA, Mielke MM, Craft S, Lockhart SN. Associations among plasma, MRI, and amyloid PET biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and the impact of health-related comorbidities in a community-dwelling cohort. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4159-4173. [PMID: 38747525 PMCID: PMC11180870 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated associations between plasma and neuroimaging-derived biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and the impact of health-related comorbidities. METHODS We examined plasma biomarkers (neurofilament light chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein, amyloid beta [Aβ] 42/40, phosphorylated tau 181) and neuroimaging measures of amyloid deposition (Aβ-positron emission tomography [PET]), total brain volume, white matter hyperintensity volume, diffusion-weighted fractional anisotropy, and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging free water. Participants were adjudicated as cognitively unimpaired (CU; N = 299), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; N = 192), or dementia (DEM; N = 65). Biomarkers were compared across groups stratified by diagnosis, sex, race, and APOE ε4 carrier status. General linear models examined plasma-imaging associations before and after adjusting for demographics (age, sex, race, education), APOE ε4 status, medications, diagnosis, and other factors (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], body mass index [BMI]). RESULTS Plasma biomarkers differed across diagnostic groups (DEM > MCI > CU), were altered in Aβ-PET-positive individuals, and were associated with poorer brain health and kidney function. DISCUSSION eGFR and BMI did not substantially impact associations between plasma and neuroimaging biomarkers. HIGHLIGHTS Plasma biomarkers differ across diagnostic groups (DEM > MCI > CU) and are altered in Aβ-PET-positive individuals. Altered plasma biomarker levels are associated with poorer brain health and kidney function. Plasma and neuroimaging biomarker associations are largely independent of comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc D. Rudolph
- Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Courtney L. Sutphen
- Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Thomas C. Register
- Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Christopher T. Whitlow
- Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kiran K. Solingapuram Sai
- Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Timothy M. Hughes
- Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - James R. Bateman
- Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jeffrey L. Dage
- Department Of NeurologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Kristen A. Russ
- Department Of NeurologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Michelle M. Mielke
- Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Samuel N. Lockhart
- Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rae CD, Baur JA, Borges K, Dienel G, Díaz-García CM, Douglass SR, Drew K, Duarte JMN, Duran J, Kann O, Kristian T, Lee-Liu D, Lindquist BE, McNay EC, Robinson MB, Rothman DL, Rowlands BD, Ryan TA, Scafidi J, Scafidi S, Shuttleworth CW, Swanson RA, Uruk G, Vardjan N, Zorec R, McKenna MC. Brain energy metabolism: A roadmap for future research. J Neurochem 2024; 168:910-954. [PMID: 38183680 PMCID: PMC11102343 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Although we have learned much about how the brain fuels its functions over the last decades, there remains much still to discover in an organ that is so complex. This article lays out major gaps in our knowledge of interrelationships between brain metabolism and brain function, including biochemical, cellular, and subcellular aspects of functional metabolism and its imaging in adult brain, as well as during development, aging, and disease. The focus is on unknowns in metabolism of major brain substrates and associated transporters, the roles of insulin and of lipid droplets, the emerging role of metabolism in microglia, mysteries about the major brain cofactor and signaling molecule NAD+, as well as unsolved problems underlying brain metabolism in pathologies such as traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and metabolic downregulation during hibernation. It describes our current level of understanding of these facets of brain energy metabolism as well as a roadmap for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D. Rae
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052 & Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karin Borges
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerald Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Carlos Manlio Díaz-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Kelly Drew
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - João M. N. Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tibor Kristian
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Center System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (S.T.A.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dasfne Lee-Liu
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Britta E. Lindquist
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care, Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ewan C. McNay
- Behavioral Neuroscience, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Michael B. Robinson
- Departments of Pediatrics and System Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas L. Rothman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Rowlands
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Scafidi
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susanna Scafidi
- Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - C. William Shuttleworth
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Raymond A. Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gökhan Uruk
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mary C. McKenna
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Todorovic S, Simeunovic V, Prvulovic M, Dakic T, Jevdjovic T, Sokanovic S, Kanazir S, Mladenovic A. Dietary restriction alters insulin signaling pathway in the brain. Biofactors 2024; 50:450-466. [PMID: 37975613 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Insulin is known to be a key hormone in the regulation of peripheral glucose homeostasis, but beyond that, its effects on the brain are now undisputed. Impairments in insulin signaling in the brain, including changes in insulin levels, are thought to contribute significantly to declines in cognitive performance, especially during aging. As one of the most widely studied experimental interventions, dietary restriction (DR) is considered to delay the neurodegenerative processes associated with aging. Recently, however, data began to suggest that the onset and duration of a restrictive diet play a critical role in the putative beneficial outcome. Because the effects of DR on insulin signaling in the brain have been poorly studied, we decided to examine the effects of DR that differed in onset and duration: long-term DR (LTDR), medium-term DR (MTDR), and short-term DR (STDR) on the expression of proteins involved in insulin signaling in the hippocampus of 18- and 24-month-old male Wistar rats. We found that DR-induced changes in insulin levels in the brain may be independent of what happens in the periphery after restricted feeding. Significantly changed insulin content in the hippocampus, together with altered insulin signaling were found under the influence of DR, but the outcome was highly dependent on the onset and duration of DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smilja Todorovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Valentina Simeunovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Prvulovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Dakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jevdjovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Sokanovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Selma Kanazir
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Mladenovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Das-Earl P, Schreihofer DA, Sumien N, Schreihofer AM. Temporal and region-specific tau hyperphosphorylation in the medulla and forebrain coincides with development of functional changes in male obese Zucker rats. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:689-708. [PMID: 38416718 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00409.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with development of tauopathies that contribute to cognitive decline. Without functional leptin receptors, male obese Zucker rats (OZRs) develop MetS, and they have increased phosphorylated tau (ptau) with impaired cognitive function. In addition to regulating energy balance, leptin enhances activation of the hippocampus, which is essential for spatial learning and memory. Whether spatial learning and memory are always impaired in OZRs or develop with MetS is unknown. We hypothesized that male OZRs develop MetS traits that promote regional increases in ptau and functional deficits associated with those brain regions. In the medulla and cortex, tau-pSer199,202 and tau-pSer396 were comparable in juvenile (7-8 wk old) lean Zucker rats (LZRs) and OZRs but increased in 18- to 19-wk-old OZRs. Elevated tau-pSer396 was concentrated in the dorsal vagal complex of the medulla, and by this age OZRs had hypertension with increased arterial pressure variability. In the hippocampus, tau-pSer199,202 and tau-pSer396 were still comparable in 18- to 19-wk-old OZRs and LZRs but elevated in 28- to 29-wk-old OZRs, with emergence of deficits in Morris water maze performance. Comparable escape latencies observed during acquisition in 18- to 19-wk-old OZRs and LZRs were increased in 28- to 29-wk-old OZRs, with greater use of nonspatial search strategies. Increased ptau developed with changes in the insulin/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in the hippocampus and cortex but not medulla, suggesting different underlying mechanisms. These data demonstrate that leptin is not required for spatial learning and memory in male OZRs. Furthermore, early development of MetS-associated autonomic dysfunction by the medulla may be predictive of later hippocampal dysfunction and cognitive impairment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Male obese Zucker rats (OZRs) lack functional leptin receptors and develop metabolic syndrome (MetS). At 16-19 wk, OZRs are insulin resistant, with increased ptau in dorsal medulla and impaired autonomic regulation of AP. At 28-29 wk OZRs develop increased ptau in hippocampus with deficits in spatial learning and memory. Juvenile OZRs lack elevated ptau and these deficits, demonstrating that leptin is not essential for normal function. Elevated ptau and deficits emerge before the onset of diabetes in insulin-resistant OZRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Das-Earl
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Derek A Schreihofer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Ann M Schreihofer
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen JF, Zhang YP, Han JX, Wang YD, Fu GF. Systematic evaluation of the prevalence of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with diabetes in China. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 225:107557. [PMID: 36603334 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the prevalence of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with diabetes in China. METHODS Computerized searches of the Chinese Biomedical, WanFang, Vip, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were used to collect research literature on cognitive impairment in older Chinese patients with diabetes from the time of database creation to May 5, 2021. A meta-analysis was performed using the Stata v14.0 software after two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted the information, and evaluated the bias risk of the included studies. RESULTS A total of 17 studies containing the records of 4380 elderly patients with diabetes were included. The meta-analysis results showed that the incidence of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with diabetes was 48% (95% confidence interval [0.40-0.55]). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of cognitive impairment was higher in the elderly population with diabetes who were female, older, with a lower education level, no spouse, living alone, and with a monthly income of less than 2000 yuan. CONCLUSION Current evidence showed that the incidence of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with diabetes in China was 48%, with a higher incidence in the elderly population who were female, older, with a lower education level, a low income, no spouse, and living alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Feng Chen
- School of Nursing, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Jia-Xia Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Yu-Dong Wang
- School of Nursing, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Gui-Fen Fu
- Department of Nursing, Guangxi Academy ofMedical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sood A, Fernandes V, Preeti K, Khot M, Khatri DK, Singh SB. Fingolimod Alleviates Cognitive Deficit in Type 2 Diabetes by Promoting Microglial M2 Polarization via the pSTAT3-jmjd3 Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:901-922. [PMID: 36385233 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine receptors (S1PRs) are implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders like obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The link between S1PRs and cognition in type 2 diabetes, as well as the mechanisms that underpin it, are yet unknown. Neuroinflammation is the common pathology shared among T2D and cognitive impairment. However, the interplay between the M1 and M2 polarization state of microglia, a primary driver of neuroinflammation, could be the driving factor for impaired learning and memory in diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of fingolimod (S1PR1 modulator) on cognition in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. We further assessed the potential pathways linking microglial polarization and cognition in T2D. Fingolimod (0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg) improved M2 polarization and synaptic plasticity while ameliorating cognitive decline and neuroinflammation. Sphingolipid dysregulation was mimicked in vitro using palmitate in BV2 cells, followed by conditioned media exposure to Neuro2A cells. Mechanistically, type 2 diabetes induced microglial activation, priming microglia towards the M1 phenotype. In the hippocampus and cortex of type 2 diabetic mice, there was a substantial drop in pSTAT3, which was reversed by fingolimod. This protective effect of fingolimod on microglial M2 polarization was primarily suppressed by selective jmjd3 blockade in vitro using GSK-J4, revealing that jmjd3 was involved downstream of STAT3 in the fingolimod-enabled shift of microglia from M1 to M2 polarization state. This study suggested that fingolimod might effectively improve cognition in type 2 diabetes by promoting M2 polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anika Sood
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Valencia Fernandes
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kumari Preeti
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mayuri Khot
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, Hyderabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gu S, Zhou Z, Zhang S, Cai Y. Advances in Anti-Diabetic Cognitive Dysfunction Effect of Erigeron Breviscapus (Vaniot) Hand-Mazz. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010050. [PMID: 36678547 PMCID: PMC9867432 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is the decline in memory, learning, and executive function caused by diabetes. Although its pathogenesis is unclear, molecular biologists have proposed various hypotheses, including insulin resistance, amyloid β hypothesis, tau protein hyperphosphorylation hypothesis, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. DCD patients have no particular treatment options and current pharmacological regimens are suboptimal. In recent years, Chinese medicine research has shown that herbs with multi-component, multi-pathway and multi-target synergistic activities can prevent and treat DCD. Yunnan is home to the medicinal herb Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz. (EBHM). Studies have shown that EBHM and its active components have a wide range of pharmacological effects and applications in cognitive disorders. EBHM's anti-DCD properties have been seldom reviewed. Through a literature study, we were able to evaluate the likely pathophysiology of DCD, prescribe anti-DCD medication and better grasp EBHM's therapeutic potential. EBHM's pharmacological mechanism and active components for DCD treatment were also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanye Gu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yefeng Cai
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-3133-3842
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hamzé R, Delangre E, Tolu S, Moreau M, Janel N, Bailbé D, Movassat J. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: Shared Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Common Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315287. [PMID: 36499613 PMCID: PMC9739879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease is increasing alarmingly with the aging of the population. Numerous epidemiological data suggest that there is a strong association between type 2 diabetes and an increased risk of dementia. These diseases are both degenerative and progressive and share common risk factors. The amyloid cascade plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. The accumulation of amyloid beta peptides gradually leads to the hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, which then form neurofibrillary tangles, resulting in neurodegeneration and cerebral atrophy. In Alzheimer's disease, apart from these processes, the alteration of glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in the brain seems to induce early neuronal loss and the impairment of synaptic plasticity, years before the clinical manifestation of the disease. The large amount of evidence on the existence of insulin resistance in the brain during Alzheimer's disease has led to the description of this disease as "type 3 diabetes". Available animal models have been valuable in the understanding of the relationships between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, but to date, the mechanistical links are poorly understood. In this non-exhaustive review, we describe the main molecular mechanisms that may link these two diseases, with an emphasis on impaired insulin and IGF-1 signaling. We also focus on GSK3β and DYRK1A, markers of Alzheimer's disease, which are also closely associated with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes, and thus may represent common therapeutic targets for both diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rim Hamzé
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Delangre
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Stefania Tolu
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Manon Moreau
- Team Degenerative Process, Stress and Aging, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Team Degenerative Process, Stress and Aging, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Danielle Bailbé
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-57-27-77-82; Fax: +33-1-57-27-77-91
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marissal-Arvy N, Moisan MP. Diabetes and associated cognitive disorders: Role of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal axis. Metabol Open 2022; 15:100202. [PMID: 35958117 PMCID: PMC9357829 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both diabetes types, types 1 and 2, are associated with cognitive impairments. Each period of life is concerned, and this is an increasing public health problem. Animal models have been developed to investigate the biological actors involved in such impairments. Many levels of the brain function (structure, volume, neurogenesis, neurotransmission, behavior) are involved. In this review, we detailed the part potentially played by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal axis in these dysfunctions. Notably, regulating glucocorticoid levels, their receptors and their bioavailability appear to be relevant for future research studies, and treatment development.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mapping the dynamics of insulin-responsive pathways in the blood-brain barrier endothelium using time-series transcriptomics data. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2022; 8:29. [PMID: 35974022 PMCID: PMC9381797 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-022-00235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical functions of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), including cerebral blood flow, energy metabolism, and immunomodulation, are regulated by insulin signaling pathways. Therefore, endothelial insulin resistance could lead to BBB dysfunction, which is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current study aims to map the dynamics of insulin-responsive pathways in polarized human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell (hCMEC/D3) monolayers. RNA-Sequencing was performed on hCMEC/D3 monolayers with and without insulin treatment at various time points. The Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) method was used to identify gene clusters with distinct and representative expression patterns. Functional annotation and pathway analysis of genes from selected clusters were conducted using Webgestalt and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Quantitative expression differences of 16,570 genes between insulin-treated and control monolayers were determined at five-time points. The STEM software identified 12 significant clusters with 6880 genes that displayed distinct temporal patterns upon insulin exposure, and the clusters were further divided into three groups. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis demonstrated that biological processes protecting BBB functions such as regulation of vascular development and actin cytoskeleton reorganization were upregulated after insulin treatment (Group 1 and 2). In contrast, GO pathways related to inflammation, such as response to interferon-gamma, were downregulated (Group 3). The IPA analyses further identified insulin-responsive cellular and molecular pathways that are associated with AD pathology. These findings unravel the dynamics of insulin action on the BBB endothelium and inform about downstream signaling cascades that are potentially disrupted due to brain insulin resistance prevalent in AD.
Collapse
|
13
|
Singh A, Bodakhe SH. Resveratrol attenuates behavioural impairment associated with learning and memory in HFD-STZ induced diabetic rats. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4673-4691. [PMID: 35710260 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Literature have indicated that a high-fat diet (HFD) is a common risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated cognitive-impairments. Mounting evidence supports that, in the diabetic animal model, resveratrol (RSV, SIRT1-modulator) can regulate the fasting glucose and antioxidant levels, as well as the lipid profile, and may alleviate the cognitive-dysfunction associated with diabetes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Albino rats were fed 60% HFD-STZ (45mg/kg,i.p, single dose) to induce T2DM so that the experimental T2DM animal model could be used. After 14 weeks of the animals being in a confirmed diabetic condition, they were divided into various groups and treated with metformin(200mg/kg,i.p.) and RSV(50 and 100 mg/kg,i.p.) for four weeks. A multimodal approach involving oxidative-nitroso-stress, SIRT1, TGF-β1 levels, inflammation, cholinergic activity (serum, hippocampus, cerebral cortex), and a battery of behavioural studies associated with learning-memory were performed during and after the experimental-protocol. KEY RESULTS The administration of RSV significantly attenuated the increased glucose levels (pre, and post-prandial), impaired glucose tolerance, HbA1c, and decreased the body weights of the T2DM rats. Moreover, RSV ameliorated the impaired learning and memory-associated with increased SIRT1 and the decreased TGF-β1, TNF-α, oxidative-nitroso-stress and cholinergic activities in the serum and the brains of the T2DM-animals. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION Our investigations demonstrate that SIRT1-modulation can inter-play with TGF-β1 signalling, as well as mitigate hyperglycaemia and subsequent learning-memory impairments, in the T2DM-animals. Moreover, our study showed that novel therapeutic-targets, including TGF-β1, may add to our knowledge of RSV when used in the treatment of impaired memory-associated with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.,Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Surendra H Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gąsiorowski K, Brokos JB, Sochocka M, Ochnik M, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Zajączkowska K, Fułek M, Leszek J. Current and Near-Future Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1144-1157. [PMID: 34856906 PMCID: PMC9886829 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211202124239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have improved our understanding of the multifactorial nature of AD. While in early asymptomatic stages of AD, increased amyloid-β synthesis and tau hyperphosphorylation play a key role, while in the latter stages of the disease, numerous dysfunctions of homeostatic mechanisms in neurons, glial cells, and cerebrovascular endothelium determine the rate of progression of clinical symptoms. The main driving forces of advanced neurodegeneration include increased inflammatory reactions in neurons and glial cells, oxidative stress, deficiencies in neurotrophic growth and regenerative capacity of neurons, brain insulin resistance with disturbed metabolism in neurons, or reduction of the activity of the Wnt-β catenin pathway, which should integrate the homeostatic mechanisms of brain tissue. In order to more effectively inhibit the progress of neurodegeneration, combination therapies consisting of drugs that rectify several above-mentioned dysfunctions should be used. It should be noted that many widely-used drugs from various pharmacological groups, "in addition" to the main therapeutic indications, have a beneficial effect on neurodegeneration and may be introduced into clinical practice in combination therapy of AD. There is hope that complex treatment will effectively inhibit the progression of AD and turn it into a slowly progressing chronic disease. Moreover, as the mechanisms of bidirectional communication between the brain and microbiota are better understood, it is expected that these pathways will be harnessed to provide novel methods to enhance health and treat AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Sochocka
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Ochnik
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | - Michał Fułek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, 10 Ludwika Pasteura Str., 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; Tel:+48603880572; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rauskolb S, Andreska T, Fries S, von Collenberg CR, Blum R, Monoranu CM, Villmann C, Sendtner M. Insulin-like growth factor 5 associates with human Aß plaques and promotes cognitive impairment. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:68. [PMID: 35513854 PMCID: PMC9074221 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors such as dysregulation of Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling have been linked to Alzheimer's disease. Here we show that Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 (Igfbp5), an inhibitory binding protein for insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf-1) accumulates in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and in amyloid plaques in brains of Alzheimer patients. We investigated the pathogenic relevance of this finding with transgenic mice overexpressing Igfbp5 in pyramidal neurons of the brain. Neuronal overexpression of Igfbp5 prevents the training-induced increase of hippocampal and cortical Bdnf expression and reduces the effects of exercise on memory retention, but not on learning acquisition. Hence, elevated IGFBP5 expression could be responsible for some of the early cognitive deficits that occur during the course of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Rauskolb
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Andreska
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Fries
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cora Ruedt von Collenberg
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia-Maria Monoranu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Villmann
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
González A, Calfío C, Churruca M, Maccioni RB. Glucose metabolism and AD: evidence for a potential diabetes type 3. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:56. [PMID: 35443732 PMCID: PMC9022265 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-00996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly. Neuronal death and synaptic dysfunctions are considered the main hallmarks of this disease. The latter could be directly associated to an impaired metabolism. In particular, glucose metabolism impairment has demonstrated to be a key regulatory element in the onset and progression of AD, which is why nowadays AD is considered the type 3 diabetes. METHODS We provide a thread regarding the influence of glucose metabolism in AD from three different perspectives: (i) as a regulator of the energy source, (ii) through several metabolic alterations, such as insulin resistance, that modify peripheral signaling pathways that influence activation of the immune system (e.g., insulin resistance, diabetes, etc.), and (iii) as modulators of various key post-translational modifications for protein aggregation, for example, influence on tau hyperphosphorylation and other important modifications, which determine its self-aggregating behavior and hence Alzheimer's pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS In this revision, we observed a 3 edge-action in which glucose metabolism impairment is acting in the progression of AD: as blockade of energy source (e.g., mitochondrial dysfunction), through metabolic dysregulation and post-translational modifications in key proteins, such as tau. Therefore, the latter would sustain the current hypothesis that AD is, in fact, the novel diabetes type 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea González
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Avda. Vitacura 3568, D 511-512, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Calfío
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Avda. Vitacura 3568, D 511-512, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Churruca
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Avda. Vitacura 3568, D 511-512, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo B Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Avda. Vitacura 3568, D 511-512, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile. .,Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile. .,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine East Campus Hospital Salvador, University of Chile, Salvador 486, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liao W, Xu J, Li B, Ruan Y, Li T, Liu J. Deciphering the Roles of Metformin in Alzheimer's Disease: A Snapshot. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:728315. [PMID: 35153733 PMCID: PMC8829062 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.728315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease predominantly affecting millions of elderly people. To date, no effective therapy has been identified to reverse the progression of AD. Metformin, as a first-line medication for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), exerts multiple beneficial effects on various neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. Evidence from clinical studies has demonstrated that metformin use contributes to a lower risk of developing AD and better cognitive performance, which might be modified by interactors such as diabetic status and APOE-ε4 status. Previous mechanistic studies have gradually unveiled the effects of metformin on AD pathology and pathophysiology, including neuronal loss, neural dysfunction, amyloid-β (Aβ) depositions, tau phosphorylation, chronic neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. Current evidence remains ambiguous and even conflicting. Herein, we review the current state of knowledge concerning the mechanisms of metformin in AD pathology while summarizing current evidence from clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Ruan
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lima JEBF, Moreira NCS, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: From risk factors to oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and hyperglycemia. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 874-875:503437. [PMID: 35151421 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex multifactorial disease that emerges from the combination of genetic and environmental factors, and obesity, lifestyle, and aging are the most relevant risk factors. Hyperglycemia is the main metabolic feature of T2D as a consequence of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Among the cellular alterations induced by hyperglycemia, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently oxidative stress, accompanied by a reduced antioxidant response and impaired DNA repair pathways, represent essential mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of T2D and the development of late complications. Mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and inflammation are also closely correlated with insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. This review focus on the mechanisms by which oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, and inflammation are involved in the pathophysiology of T2D, highlighting the importance of the antioxidant response and DNA repair mechanisms counteracting the development of the disease. Moreover, we indicate evidence on how nutritional interventions effectively improve diabetes care. Additionally, we address key molecular characteristics and signaling pathways shared between T2D and Alzheimer's disease (AD), which might probably be implicated in the risk of T2D patients to develop AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E B F Lima
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia C S Moreira
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elza T Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Goncharova N, Chigarova O, Oganyan T. Age-related and individual features of the HPA axis stress responsiveness under constant light in nonhuman primates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1051882. [PMID: 36699023 PMCID: PMC9870316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1051882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a key adaptive neuroendocrine system, dysfunction of which plays an important role in the increasing incidence of stress-dependent age-related pathology. Among the environmental factors effecting increase age-related diseases, great importance is given to disturbances of the light-dark schedule, particularly with increased illumination at night. While disruption of the light-dark schedule has long been recognized as a powerful behavioral stressor, little is known regarding stress reactivity of the HPA under constant light (CL) conditions, especially with aging and depending on the features of stress behavior. The purpose of this investigation was to study the age-related and individual features of the HPA axis response to acute stress exposure (ASE) under chronic CL in nonhuman primates that are known to differ in behavioral responsiveness to stress. Young and old female rhesus monkeys (with control standard behavior or anxiety and depression-like behavior) were exposed to CL (24 h light/day, 330-400 lux for 4 to 8 weeks). Control young and old monkeys were exposed to standard lighting (SL) with natural light during the day and darkness at night. All animals were subjected to ASE (restriction of mobility for 2 hours), functional tests with corticotrophin-releasing hormone and arginine-vasopressin, and study of circadian rhythms of cortisol and pineal melatonin secretion. For the first time an inhibitory effect of CL on the reaction of the adrenal cortex to ASE was revealed in all individuals, regardless of age and preexisting behavior stress reactivity, the mechanisms of which were age-dependent: due to inhibition of the pituitary ACTH secretion in young animals and mainly not affecting the ACTH secretion in old individuals. There were no significant changes in melatonin secretion both in young and old animals. The observed CL inhibition of adrenal cortical reactivity to ASE may be useful to correct increased vulnerability to ASE observed in individuals with preexisting anxiety and depression-like stress behaviors. On the other hand, the CL induced decrease in adrenal stress reactivity of behaviorally normal animals suggests a potential risk of reducing the adaptive capacity of the organism under conditions of continuous light exposure.
Collapse
|
20
|
Goel H, Kalra V, Verma SK, Dubey SK, Tiwary AK. Convolutions in the rendition of nose to brain therapeutics from bench to bedside: Feats & fallacies. J Control Release 2021; 341:782-811. [PMID: 34906605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain, a subtle organ of multifarious nature presents plethora of physiological, metabolic and bio-chemical convolutions that impede the delivery of biomolecules and thereby resulting in truncated therapeutic outcome in pathological conditions of central nervous system (CNS). The absolute bottleneck in the therapeutic management of such devastating CNS ailments is the BBB. Another pitfall is the lack of efficient technological platforms (due to high cost and low approval rates) as well as limited clinical trials (due to failures of neuro‑leads in late-stage pipelines) for CNS disorders which has become a literal brain drain with poorest success rates compared to other therapeutic areas, owing to time consuming processes, tremendous convolutions and conceivable adverse effects. With the advent of intranasal delivery (via direct N2B or indirect nose to blood to brain), several novel drug delivery carriers viz. unmodified or surface modified nanoparticle based carriers, lipid based colloidal nanocarriers and drysolid/liquid/semisolid nanoformulations or delivery platforms have been designed as a means to deliver therapeutic agents (small and large molecules, peptides and proteins, genes) to brain, bypassing BBB for disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, schizophrenia and CNS malignancies primarily glioblastomas. Intranasal application offers drug delivery through both direct and indirect pathways for the peripherally administered psychopharmacological agents to CNS. This route could also be exploited for the repurposing of conventional drugs for new therapeutic uses. The limited clinical translation of intranasal formulations has been primarily due to existence of barriers of mucociliary clearance in the nasal cavity, enzyme degradation and low permeability of the nasal epithelium. The present review literature aims to decipher the new paradigms of nano therapeutic systems employed for specific N2B drug delivery of CNS drugs through in silico complexation studies using rationally chosen mucoadhesive polymers (exhibiting unique physicochemical properties of nanocarrier's i.e. surface modification, prolonging retention time in the nasal cavity, improving penetration ability, and promoting brain specific delivery with biorecognitive ligands) via molecular docking simulations. Further, the review intends to delineate the feats and fallacies associated with N2B delivery approaches by understanding the physiological/anatomical considerations via decoding the intranasal drug delivery pathways or critical factors such as rationale and mechanism of excipients, affecting the permeability of CNS drugs through nasal mucosa as well as better efficacy in terms of brain targeting, brain bioavailability and time to reach the brain. Additionally, extensive emphasis has also been laid on the innovative formulations under preclinical investigation along with their assessment by means of in vitro /ex vivo/in vivo N2B models and current characterization techniques predisposing an efficient intranasal delivery of therapeutics. A critical appraisal of novel technologies, intranasal products or medical devices available commercially has also been presented. Finally, it could be warranted that more reminiscent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships or validated computational models are mandated to obtain effective screening of molecular architecture of drug-polymer-mucin complexes for clinical translation of N2B therapeutic systems from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honey Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
| | - Vinni Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar Tiwary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lynn J, Park M, Ogunwale C, Acquaah-Mensah GK. A Tale of Two Diseases: Exploring Mechanisms Linking Diabetes Mellitus with Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:485-501. [PMID: 34842187 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dementias, including the type associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), are on the rise worldwide. Similarly, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases globally. Although mechanisms and treatments are well-established for T2DM, there remains much to be discovered. Recent research efforts have further investigated factors involved in the etiology of AD. Previously perceived to be unrelated diseases, commonalities between T2DM and AD have more recently been observed. As a result, AD has been labeled as "type 3 diabetes". In this review, we detail the shared processes that contribute to these two diseases. Insulin resistance, the main component of the pathogenesis of T2DM, is also present in AD, causing impaired brain glucose metabolism, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment. Dysregulation of insulin receptors and components of the insulin signaling pathway, including protein kinase B, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and mammalian target of rapamycin are reported in both diseases. T2DM and AD also show evidence of inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, advanced glycation end products, and amyloid deposition. The impact that changes in neurovascular structure and genetics have on the development of these conditions is also being examined. With the discovery of factors contributing to AD, innovative treatment approaches are being explored. Investigators are evaluating the efficacy of various T2DM medications for possible use in AD, including but not limited to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists. Furthermore, there are 136 active trials involving 121 therapeutic agents targeting novel AD biomarkers. With these efforts, we are one step closer to alleviating the ravaging impact of AD on our communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lynn
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences (MCPHS University)/Takeda Pharmaceuticals Biopharmaceutical Industry Fellowship Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingi Park
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences (MCPHS University)/Takeda Pharmaceuticals Biopharmaceutical Industry Fellowship Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - George K Acquaah-Mensah
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences (MCPHS University)/Takeda Pharmaceuticals Biopharmaceutical Industry Fellowship Program, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kumar M, Bansal N. A Revisit to Etiopathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:486-512. [PMID: 34792002 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666211118125233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a cluster of brain abnormalities that trigger progressive memory deficits and other cognitive abilities such as skills, language, or executive function. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the foremost type of age-associated dementia that involves progressive neurodegeneration accompanied by profound cognitive deficits in advanced stages that severely hamper social or occupational abilities with or without the involvement of any other psychiatric condition. The last two decades witnessed a sharp increase (~123%) in mortality due to AD type dementia, typically owing to a very low disclosure rate (~45%) and hence, the prophylactic, as well as the therapeutic cure of AD, has been a huge challenge. Although understanding of AD pathogenesis has witnessed a remarkable growth (e.g., tauopathy, oxidative stress, lipid transport, glucose uptake, apoptosis, synaptic dysfunction, inflammation, and immune system), still a dearth of an effective therapeutic agent in the management of AD prompts the quest for newer pharmacological targets in the purview of its growing epidemiological status. Most of the current therapeutic strategies focus on modulation of a single target, e.g., inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, glutamate excitotoxicity (memantine), or nootropics (piracetam), even though AD is a multifaceted neurological disorder. There is an impedance urgency to find not only symptomatic but effective disease-modifying therapies. The present review focuses on the risk / protective factors and pathogenic mechanisms involved in AD. In addition to the existing symptomatic therapeutic approach, a diverse array of possible targets linked to pathogenic cascades have been re-investigated to envisage the pharmacotherapeutic strategies in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University (CBLU), Bhiwani, Haryana 127021. India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hobday AL, Parmar MS. The Link Between Diabetes Mellitus and Tau Hyperphosphorylation: Implications for Risk of Alzheimer's Disease. Cureus 2021; 13:e18362. [PMID: 34725612 PMCID: PMC8555851 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by a lack of insulin, insulin resistance, or both. It is associated with the development of secondary complications resulting in several comorbidities. Recent studies have revealed an increased risk of developing cognitive dysfunction or dementia in diabetes patients. Diabetes mellitus is considered a risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is increasing evidence to support a link between DM and AD. Studies have shown the dysfunction of insulin signaling in the brain, resulting in increased tau protein phosphorylation (hyperphosphorylation), a hallmark and biomarker of AD pathology, leading to accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles. In DM, the insulin dysfunction in the brain is reported to alter the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity showing to enhance tau phosphorylation. In DM and AD, GSK-3β signaling has been involved in the physiological and pathological processes, respectively. This potentially explains why DM patients have an increased risk of developing AD with disease progression and aging. Interestingly, several in vivo studies with oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin treatment in DM have improved cognitive function and decreased tau hyperphosphorylation. This article will review the relationship between DM and AD as it relates to tau pathology. More understanding of the link between DM and AD could change the approach researchers and clinicians take toward both diseases, potentially leading to new treatments and preventative strategies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Hobday
- Foundational Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clearwater, USA
| | - Mayur S Parmar
- Foundational Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clearwater, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Reagan L, Cowan H, Woodruff J, Piroli G, Erichsen J, Evans A, Burzynski H, Maxwell N, Loyo-Rosado F, Macht V, Grillo C. Hippocampal-specific insulin resistance elicits behavioral despair and hippocampal dendritic atrophy. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100354. [PMID: 34258333 PMCID: PMC8252121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major contributor to the neuroplasticity deficits observed in patients with metabolic disorders. However, the relative contribution of peripheral versus central insulin resistance in the development of neuroplasticity deficits remains equivocal. To distinguish between peripheral and central insulin resistance, we developed a lentiviral vector containing an antisense sequence selective for the insulin receptor (LV-IRAS). We previously demonstrated that intra-hippocampal injection of this vector impairs synaptic transmission and hippocampal-dependent learning and memory in the absence of peripheral insulin resistance. In view of the increased risk for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with insulin resistance, the current study examined depressive and anxiety-like behaviors, as well as hippocampal structural plasticity in rats with hippocampal-specific insulin resistance. Following hippocampal administration of either the LV-control virus or the LV-IRAS, anhedonia was evaluated by the sucrose preference test, despair behavior was assessed in the forced swim test, and anxiety-like behaviors were determined in the elevated plus maze. Hippocampal neuron morphology was studied by Golgi-Cox staining. Rats with hippocampal insulin resistance exhibited anxiety-like behaviors and behavioral despair without differences in anhedonia, suggesting that some but not all components of depressive-like behaviors were affected. Morphologically, hippocampal-specific insulin resistance elicited atrophy of the basal dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons and dentate gyrus granule neurons, and also reduced the expression of immature dentate gyrus granule neurons. In conclusion, hippocampal-specific insulin resistance elicits structural deficits that are accompanied by behavioral despair and anxiety-like behaviors, identifying hippocampal insulin resistance as a key factor in depressive illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L.P. Reagan
- Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - H.B. Cowan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - J.L. Woodruff
- Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - G.G. Piroli
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - J.M. Erichsen
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - A.N. Evans
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - H.E. Burzynski
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - N.D. Maxwell
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - F.Z. Loyo-Rosado
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - V.A. Macht
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - C.A. Grillo
- Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Frison E, Proust-Lima C, Mangin JF, Habert MO, Bombois S, Ousset PJ, Pasquier F, Hanon O, Paquet C, Gabelle A, Ceccaldi M, Annweiler C, Krolak-Salmon P, Béjot Y, Belin C, Wallon D, Sauvee M, Beaufils E, Bourdel-Marchasson I, Jalenques I, Chupin M, Chêne G, Dufouil C. Diabetes Mellitus and Cognition: Pathway Analysis in the MEMENTO Cohort. Neurology 2021; 97:e836-e848. [PMID: 34210821 PMCID: PMC8397583 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the role of biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD), neurodegeneration, and small vessel disease (SVD) as mediators in the association between diabetes mellitus and cognition. METHODS The study sample was derived from MEMENTO, a cohort of French adults recruited in memory clinics and screened for either isolated subjective cognitive complaints or mild cognitive impairment. Diabetes was defined based on blood glucose assessment, use of antidiabetic agent, or self-report. We used structural equation modeling to assess whether latent variables of AD pathology (PET mean amyloid uptake, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, and CSF phosphorylated tau), SVD (white matter hyperintensities volume and visual grading), and neurodegeneration (mean cortical thickness, brain parenchymal fraction, hippocampal volume, and mean fluorodeoxyglucose uptake) mediate the association between diabetes and a latent variable of cognition (5 neuropsychological tests), adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS There were 254 (11.1%) participants with diabetes among 2,288 participants (median age 71.6 years; 61.8% women). The association between diabetes and lower cognition was significantly mediated by higher neurodegeneration (standardized indirect effect: -0.061, 95% confidence interval: -0.089, -0.032), but not mediated by SVD and AD markers. Results were similar when considering latent variables of memory or executive functioning. CONCLUSION In a large clinical cohort in the elderly, diabetes is associated with lower cognition through neurodegeneration, independently of SVD and AD biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Frison
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cecile Proust-Lima
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Francois Mangin
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stephanie Bombois
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Ousset
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Pasquier
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Olivier Hanon
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathieu Ceccaldi
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cédric Annweiler
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yannick Béjot
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Belin
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Wallon
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathilde Sauvee
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emilie Beaufils
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Bourdel-Marchasson
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Jalenques
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie Chupin
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Geneviève Chêne
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carole Dufouil
- From INSERM, UMR 1219 (E.F., C.P.-L., G.C., C.D.), and INSERM, CIC1401-EC (E.F., G.C., C.D.), Université de Bordeaux; Pole de Sante Publique Centre (E.F., G.C., C.D.) and Pole de Gérontologie Clinique (I.B.-M.), Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (J.-F.M., M.-O.H., M. Ceccaldi), Paris; Neurospin CEA Paris Saclay University (J.-F.M.), Gif-sur-Yvette; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (M.-O.H.), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université; Médecine Nucléaire (M.-O.H.), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; IM2A, AP-HP, INSERM, UMR-S975, Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (S.B.), and INSERM, U-1127, 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, CATI (M. Chupin), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris; INSERM UMR1027 (P.-J.O.), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Centre Mémoire (CMRR) Distalz (F.P.), CHU, INSERM 1171, Université de Lille; Service de Gériatrie (O.H.), Hôpital Broca, Université Paris Descartes; Centre de Neurologie (C.P.), INSERM U1144, Cognitive Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris; Department of Neurology, INSERM U1061, Clinical and Research Memory Center of Montpellier (A.G.), Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, CMMR, PACA Ouest (M. Ceccaldi), INSERM, CHU Timone APHM and Aix Marseille Université; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.A.), Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, Angers University Hospital, University of Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics (C.A.), Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche de Lyon (CMRR) (P.K.-S.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Hôpital des Charpennes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches (Y.B.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, EA7460, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP (C.B.), Paris; Departement de Neurologie (D.W.), UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, Université de Normandie; CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin (M.S.), CHU Grenoble; CMRR (E.B.), University Hospital Tours; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (I.B.-M.), UMR 5536 Université de Bordeaux/CNRS; and Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (I.J.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rojas M, Chávez-Castillo M, Pirela D, Parra H, Nava M, Chacín M, Angarita L, Añez R, Salazar J, Ortiz R, Durán Agüero S, Gravini-Donado M, Bermúdez V, Díaz-Camargo E. Metabolic Syndrome: Is It Time to Add the Central Nervous System? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072254. [PMID: 34208833 PMCID: PMC8308252 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a set of cardio-metabolic risk factors that includes central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemias. The syndrome affects 25% of adults worldwide. The definition of MS has evolved over the last 80 years, with various classification systems and criteria, whose limitations and benefits are currently the subject of some controversy. Likewise, hypotheses regarding the etiology of MS add more confusion from clinical and epidemiological points of view. The leading suggestion for the pathophysiology of MS is insulin resistance (IR). IR can affect multiple tissues and organs, from the classic “triumvirate” (myocyte, adipocyte, and hepatocyte) to possible effects on organs considered more recently, such as the central nervous system (CNS). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may be clinical expressions of CNS involvement. However, the association between MCI and MS is not understood. The bidirectional relationship that seems to exist between these factors raises the questions of which phenomenon occurs first and whether MCI can be a precursor of MS. This review explores shared pathophysiological mechanisms between MCI and MS and establishes a hypothesis of a possible MCI role in the development of IR and the appearance of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (M.R.); (D.P.); (H.P.); (M.N.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Daniela Pirela
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (M.R.); (D.P.); (H.P.); (M.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Heliana Parra
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (M.R.); (D.P.); (H.P.); (M.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (M.R.); (D.P.); (H.P.); (M.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 08002, Colombia;
| | - Lissé Angarita
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Sede Concepción 4260000, Chile;
| | - Roberto Añez
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (M.R.); (D.P.); (H.P.); (M.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Rina Ortiz
- Posgrado, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cantón de Cuenca 010101, Ecuador;
| | - Samuel Durán Agüero
- Facultad de Ciencias Para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Los Leones 8420524, Chile;
| | - Marbel Gravini-Donado
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia;
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia;
| | - Edgar Díaz-Camargo
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Siddiqui N, Ali J, Parvez S, Zameer S, Najmi AK, Akhtar M. Linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, ameliorates Aβ (1-42) peptides induced neurodegeneration and brain insulin resistance (BIR) via insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2021; 195:108662. [PMID: 34119519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most devastating neurodegenerative disorder, accounting over 46 million cases of dementia globally. Evidence supports that Brain Insulin Resistance (BIR) due to serine phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1) has an association with AD. GLP-1 an incretin hormone, rapidly degraded by Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) has also confirmed its efficacious role in AD. Linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor is hypothesized to increase GLP-1 level, which then crosses Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), decreases Amyloid-beta (Aβ) and insulin resistance in hippocampus. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate Linagliptin in Aβ (1-42) peptides induced rat model of AD. Following 1 week of induction, rats were administered with Linagliptin (0.513 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 5 mg/kg) orally for 8 weeks and donepezil (5 mg/kg) as a reference standard. At the end of scheduled treatment neurobehavioral parameters were assessed. After this, rats were sacrificed, hippocampus was isolated from the whole brain for histopathological analysis and biochemical parameters estimation. Linagliptin dose-dependently and significantly reversed motor and cognitive impairment, assessed through locomotor activity (LA) and Morris water maze (MWM) test respectively. Moreover, Linagliptin augmented GLP-1 level and attenuated soluble Aβ (1-42), IRS-1 (s307), GSK-3β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, AchE and oxidative/nitrosative stress level in hippocampus. H&E and Congo red staining also exhibited neuroprotective and anti-amylodogenic effect respectively. Our study findings implies the significant effect of Linagliptin in reversing the behavioural and biochemical deficits by altering Aβ (1-42) and BIR via IRS-1 confirming one of the mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Siddiqui
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Saima Zameer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Erichsen JM, Calva CB, Reagan LP, Fadel JR. Intranasal insulin and orexins to treat age-related cognitive decline. Physiol Behav 2021; 234:113370. [PMID: 33621561 PMCID: PMC8053680 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal (IN) administration of neuropeptides, such as insulin and orexins, has been suggested as a treatment strategy for age-related cognitive decline (ARCD). Because dysfunctional neuropeptide signaling is an observed characteristic of ARCD, it has been suggested that IN delivery of insulin and/or orexins may restore endogenous peptide signaling and thereby preserve cognition. IN administration is particularly alluring as it is a relatively non-invasive method that directly targets peptides to the brain. Several laboratories have examined the behavioral effects of IN insulin in young, aged, and cognitively impaired rodents and humans. These studies demonstrated improved performance on various cognitive tasks following IN insulin administration. Fewer laboratories have assessed the effects of IN orexins; however, this peptide also holds promise as an effective treatment for ARCD through the activation of the cholinergic system and/or the reduction of neuroinflammation. Here, we provide a brief overview of the advantages of IN administration and the delivery pathway, then summarize the current literature on IN insulin and orexins. Additional preclinical studies will be useful to ultimately uncover the mechanisms underlying the pro-cognitive effects of IN insulin and orexins, whereas future clinical studies will aid in the determination of the most efficacious dose and dosing paradigm. Eventually, IN insulin and/or orexin administration may be a widely used treatment strategy in the clinic for ARCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Erichsen
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
| | - Coleman B Calva
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Lawrence P Reagan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC 29208, United States; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - Jim R Fadel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The intranasal (IN) route enables the delivery of insulin to the central nervous system in the relative absence of systemic uptake and related peripheral side effects. Intranasally administered insulin is assumed to travel along olfactory and adjacent pathways and has been shown to rapidly accumulate in cerebrospinal fluid, indicating efficient transport to the brain. Two decades of studies in healthy humans and patients have demonstrated that IN insulin exerts functional effects on metabolism, such as reductions in food intake and body weight and improvements of glucose homeostasis, as well as cognition, ie, enhancements of memory performance both in healthy individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease; these studies moreover indicate a favourable safety profile of the acute and repeated use of IN insulin. Emerging findings suggest that IN insulin also modulates neuroendocrine activity, sleep-related mechanisms, sensory perception and mood. Some, but not all studies point to sex differences in the response to IN insulin that need to be further investigated along with the impact of age. "Brain insulin resistance" is an evolving concept that posits impairments in central nervous insulin signalling as a pathophysiological factor in metabolic and cognitive disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, and, notably, a target of interventions that rely on IN insulin. Still, the negative outcomes of longer-term IN insulin trials in individuals with obesity or Alzheimer's disease highlight the need for conceptual as well as methodological advances to translate the promising results of proof-of-concept experiments and pilot clinical trials into the successful clinical application of IN insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Hallschmid
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Brain insulin signaling contributes to memory function and might be a viable target in the prevention and treatment of memory impairments including Alzheimer's disease. This short narrative review explores the potential of central nervous system (CNS) insulin administration via the intranasal pathway to improve memory performance in health and disease, with a focus on the most recent results. Proof-of-concept studies and (pilot) clinical trials in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease indicate that acute and prolonged intranasal insulin administration enhances memory performance, and suggest that brain insulin resistance is a pathophysiological factor in Alzheimer's disease with or without concomitant metabolic dysfunction. Intranasally administered insulin is assumed to trigger improvements in synaptic plasticity and regional glucose uptake as well as alleviations of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology; additional contributions of changes in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity and sleep-related mechanisms are discussed. While intranasal insulin delivery has been conclusively demonstrated to be effective and safe, the recent outcomes of large-scale clinical studies underline the need for further investigations, which might also yield new insights into sex differences in the response to intranasal insulin and contribute to the optimization of delivery devices to grasp the full potential of intranasal insulin for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Hallschmid
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen M, Huang N, Liu J, Huang J, Shi J, Jin F. AMPK: A bridge between diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2020; 400:113043. [PMID: 33307136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and etiology of diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share many common cellular and molecular themes. Recently, a growing body of research has shown that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a biomolecule that regulates energy balance and glucose and lipid metabolism, plays key roles in DM and AD. In this review, we summarize the relevant research on the roles of AMPK in DM and AD, including its functions in gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance (IR) and its relationships with amyloid β-protein (Aβ), Tau and AMPK activators. In DM, AMPK is involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and IR. AMPK is closely related to gluconeogenesis, which can not only be activated by the upstream kinases liver kinase B1 (LKB1), transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) but also regulate the downstream kinases glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK), thereby affecting gluconeogenesis and ameliorating DM. Moreover, AMPK can regulate glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and free fatty acids to improve IR. In AD, AMPK can ameliorate abnormal brain energy metabolism, not only by reduces Aβ deposition through β-secretase but also reduces tau hyperphosphorylation through sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Therefore, AMPK is a bridge between DM and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Nanqu Huang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ettcheto M, Busquets O, Espinosa-Jiménez T, Verdaguer E, Auladell C, Camins A. A Chronological Review of Potential Disease-Modifying Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1286-1299. [PMID: 32066356 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200211121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that has become a worldwide health problem. This pathology has been classically characterized for its affectation on cognitive function and the presence of depositions of extracellular amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) composed of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. To this day, no effective treatment has been developed. Multiple strategies have been proposed over the years with the aim of finding new therapeutic approaches, such as the sequestration of Aβ in plasma or the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs. Also, given the significant role of the insulin receptor in the brain in the proper maintenance of cognitive function, drugs focused on the amelioration of insulin resistance have been proposed as potentially useful and effective in the treatment of AD. In the present review, taking into account the molecular complexity of the disease, it has been proposed that the most appropriate therapeutic strategy is a combinatory treatment of several drugs that will regulate a wide spectrum of the described altered pathological pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Triana Espinosa-Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Auladell
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113367. [PMID: 33139628 PMCID: PMC7693664 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of older adults with diabetes has become a major social burden. Diabetes, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction are closely related to the mechanisms of aging. Insulin resistance, arteriosclerosis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction may be common mechanisms shared by frailty and cognitive impairment. Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, obesity, vascular factors, physical inactivity, and malnutrition are important risk factors for cognitive impairment and frailty in older adults with diabetes. The impact of nutrients on health outcomes varies with age; thus, shifting diet therapy strategies from the treatment of obesity/metabolic syndrome to frailty prevention may be necessary in patients with diabetes who are over 75 years of age, have frailty or sarcopenia, and experience malnutrition. For the prevention of frailty, optimal energy intake, sufficient protein and vitamin intake, and healthy dietary patterns should be recommended. The treatment of diabetes after middle age should include the awareness of proper glycemic control aimed at extending healthy life expectancy with proper nutrition, exercise, and social connectivity. Nutritional therapy in combination with exercise, optimal glycemic and metabolic control, and social participation/support for frailty prevention can extend healthy life expectancy and maintain quality of life in older adults with diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
|
34
|
Tyner E, Oropeza M, Figueroa J, Peña ICD. Childhood Hypertension and Effects on Cognitive Functions: Mechanisms and Future Perspectives. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:677-686. [PMID: 31749437 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666191017155442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric hypertension is currently one of the most common health concerns in children, given its effects not only on cardiovascular but also cognitive functions. There is accumulating evidence suggesting neurocognitive dysfunction in hypertensive children that could persist even into adulthood. Identifying the precise mechanism(s) underlying the association between childhood hypertension and cognitive dysfunction is crucial as it could potentially lead to the discovery of "druggable" biological targets facilitating the development of treatments. Here, we discuss some of the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underlying childhood hypertension and cognitive deficits and suggest strategies to address some of the current challenges in the field. The various research studies involving hypertensive adults indicate that long-term hypertension may produce abnormal cerebrovascular reactivity, chronic inflammation, autonomic dysfunction, or hyperinsulinemia and hypercholesterolemia, which could lead to alterations in the brain's structure and functions, resulting in cognitive dysfunction. In light of the current literature, we propose that dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal axis, modifications in endothelial brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the gut microbiome may also modulate cognitive functions in hypertensive individuals. Moreover, the above-mentioned pathological states may further intensify the detrimental effects of hypertension on cognitive functions. Thus, treatments that target not only hypertension but also its downstream effects may prove useful in ameliorating hypertension-induced cognitive deficits. Much remains to be clarified about the mechanisms and treatments of hypertension-induced cognitive outcomes in pediatric populations. Addressing the knowledge gaps in this field entails conducting not only clinical research but also rigorous basic and translational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tyner
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, 92350, United States
| | - Marie Oropeza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, 92350, United States
| | - Johnny Figueroa
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, and Physiology Division, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States
| | - Ike C Dela Peña
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, 92350, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sharma VK, Singh TG. Insulin resistance and bioenergetic manifestations: Targets and approaches in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2020; 262:118401. [PMID: 32926928 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Insulin has a well-established role in cognition, neuronal detoxification and synaptic plasticity. Insulin transduction affect neurotransmitter functions, influence bioenergetics and regulate neuronal survival through regulating glucose energy metabolism and downward pathways. METHODS A systematic literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out with the help of the keywords like "Alzheimer's disease; Hypometabolism; Oxidative stress; energy failure in AD, Insulin; Insulin resistance; Bioenergetics" till June 2020. The review was conducted using the above keywords to collect the latest articles and to understand the nature of the extensive work carried out on insulin resistance and bioenergetic manifestations in Alzheimer's disease. KEY FINDINGS The article sheds light on insulin resistance mediated hypometabolic state on pathological progression of AD. The disrupted insulin signaling has pathological outcome in form of disturbed glucose homeostasis, altered bioenergetic state which increases build-up of senile plaques (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles (τ), decline in transportation of glucose and activation of inflammatory pathways. The mechanistic link of insulin resistant state with therapeutically explorable potential transduction pathways is the focus of the reviewed work. SIGNIFICANCE The present work opines that the mechanism by which the insulin resistance mediates dysregulation of bioenergetics and progresses to neurodegenerative state holds the tangible potential to succeed in the development of novel dementia therapies. Further, hypometabolic complications and altered insulin signaling may be explored as a mechanistic relation between bioenergetic deficits and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; Govt. College of Pharmacy, Rohru, District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171207, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yu ZW, Liu R, Li X, Wang Y, Fu YH, Li HY, Yuan Y, Gao XY. Potential roles of Glucagon-like peptide-1 and its analogues in cognitive impairment associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
37
|
Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Rahman MS, Behl T, Jeandet P, Ashraf GM, Najda A, Bin-Jumah MN, El-Seedi HR, Abdel-Daim MM. Revisiting the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis: From Anti-Aβ Therapeutics to Auspicious New Ways for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165858. [PMID: 32824102 PMCID: PMC7461598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder related to age, characterized by the cerebral deposition of fibrils, which are made from the amyloid-β (Aβ), a peptide of 40–42 amino acids. The conversion of Aβ into neurotoxic oligomeric, fibrillar, and protofibrillar assemblies is supposed to be the main pathological event in AD. After Aβ accumulation, the clinical symptoms fall out predominantly due to the deficient brain clearance of the peptide. For several years, researchers have attempted to decline the Aβ monomer, oligomer, and aggregate levels, as well as plaques, employing agents that facilitate the reduction of Aβ and antagonize Aβ aggregation, or raise Aβ clearance from brain. Unluckily, broad clinical trials with mild to moderate AD participants have shown that these approaches were unsuccessful. Several clinical trials are running involving patients whose disease is at an early stage, but the preliminary outcomes are not clinically impressive. Many studies have been conducted against oligomers of Aβ which are the utmost neurotoxic molecular species. Trials with monoclonal antibodies directed against Aβ oligomers have exhibited exciting findings. Nevertheless, Aβ oligomers maintain equivalent states in both monomeric and aggregation forms; so, previously administered drugs that precisely decrease Aβ monomer or Aβ plaques ought to have displayed valuable clinical benefits. In this article, Aβ-based therapeutic strategies are discussed and several promising new ways to fight against AD are appraised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-171-022-0110
| | - Md. Tanvir Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Sohanur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh;
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France;
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Laboratory of Quality of Vegetables and Medicinal Plants, Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - May N. Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom 32512, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Goncharova ND. The HPA Axis under Stress and Aging: Individual Vulnerability is Associated with Behavioral Patterns and Exposure Time. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000007. [PMID: 32666621 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With aging, incidence of severe stress-related diseases increases. However, mechanisms, underlying individual vulnerability to stress and age-related diseases are not clear. The goal of this review is to analyze finding from the recent literature on age-related characteristics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis associated with stress reactivity in animals that show behavioral signs of anxiety and depression under mild stress, and in human patients with anxiety disorders and depression with emphasis on the impact of the circadian rhythm and the negative feedback mechanisms involved in the stress response. One can conclude that HPA axis reaction to psycho-emotional stress, at least acute stress, increases in the aged individuals with anxiety and depression behavior. Elevated stress reactivity is associated with disruption of the circadian rhythm and the mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated glucocorticoid negative feedback. The disordered function of the HPA axis in individuals with anxiety and depression behavior can contribute to aging-related pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda D Goncharova
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Research Institute of Medical Primatology, 177 Mira Street, Veseloye, Adler, Sochi, Krasnodar, 354376, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sáez T, Toledo F, Sobrevia L. Extracellular Vesicles and Insulin Resistance: A Potential Interaction in Vascular Dysfunction. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 17:491-497. [PMID: 30277159 DOI: 10.2174/1570161116666181002095745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays a key role in cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders. In states of insulin resistance several circulating factors may contribute to a defective insulin sensitivity in different tissues, including the vasculature. One of these factors influencing the vascular insulin resistance are the extracellular vesicles. The extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies which are released to the circulation by different vascular cells. Since the cargo of extracellular vesicles seems to be altered in metabolic complications associated with insulin resistance, these vesicles may be candidates contributing to vascular insulin resistance. Despite the studies linking insulin resistance signalling pathways with the vascular effect of extracellular vesicles, the involvement of these structures in vascular insulin resistance is a phenomenon that remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sáez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2S2, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2S2, AB, Canada
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Bio-Bio University, Chillan 3780000, Chile.,Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain.,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Obafemi TO, Olasehinde OR, Olaoye OA, Jaiyesimi KF, Adewumi FD, Adewale OB, Afolabi BA. Metformin/Donepezil combination modulates brain antioxidant status and hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum stress in type 2 diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:499-510. [PMID: 32550202 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Diabetes mellitus is associated with perturbations in brain biochemical parameters associated with dementia. This study aimed at comparing the effect of metformin and metformin/donepezil combination on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in the brain of diabetic Wistar rats. Methods Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin after administration of 10% fructose for 14 days. Animals were randomly assigned to four groups of five animals each. Group 1 was the normal control and received only distilled water. Groups 2 and 3 were diabetic rats treated with metformin/donepezil combination and metformin only respectively, while group 4 was diabetic control. Treatment lasted for 21 days after confirmation of diabetes. Activities of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), butyrylcholinesterase (BchE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase were evaluated in the brain of diabetic rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to estimate brain levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) malondialdehyde and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4), while expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers - glucose regulated protein-78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) was determined using real-time PCR in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Results Treatment with metformin/donepezil combination significantly reduced the activities of AchE, BchE as well as levels of malondialdehyde, TNF-α and IL-6, while the activities of SOD, GPx and catalase were significantly increased in the brain. Moreover, expression of ER stress markers was attenuated in the hippocampus. Conclusion Metformin/donepezil combination appeared more efficacious than metformin only and could be considered for managing diabetes-associated dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tajudeen Olabisi Obafemi
- Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5454 Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun R Olasehinde
- Medical Biochemistry Unit, College of Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oyindamola A Olaoye
- Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5454 Nigeria
| | - Kikelomo F Jaiyesimi
- Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5454 Nigeria
| | - Funmilayo D Adewumi
- Industrial Chemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5454 Nigeria
| | - Olusola B Adewale
- Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5454 Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang Z, Wang X, Zhang D, Liu Y, Li L. Geniposide-mediated protection against amyloid deposition and behavioral impairment correlates with downregulation of mTOR signaling and enhanced autophagy in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:536-548. [PMID: 30684442 PMCID: PMC6366989 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Geniposide, an iridoid glycoside extract from the gardenia fruit, is used in traditional Chinese medicine to alleviate symptoms of liver and inflammatory diseases. Geniposide activates GLP-1 receptors, known to modulate the activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a key kinase regulating energy balance, proliferation, and survival in cells. mTOR activation inhibits autophagy, which is often disrupted in age-related diseases. Modulation of mTOR function to increase autophagy and inhibit apoptosis is involved in the protective effects of pharmacologic agents targeting diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated whether such mechanism could mediate geniposide’s neuroprotective effects in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. Eight-week treatment with geniposide improved cognitive scores in behavioral tests, reduced amyloid-β 1-40 plaque deposition, and reduced soluble Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels in the APP/PS1 mouse brain.This also showed increased p-Akt/Akt, p-mTOR/mTOR and decreased p-4E-BP1/4E-BP1 expression, and these patterns were partially reversed by geniposide. Evidence for enhanced autophagy, denoted by increased expression of LC3-II and Beclin1, was also seen after treatment with geniposide. Our data suggests that down regulation of mTOR signaling, leading to enhanced autophagy and lysosomal clearance of Aβ fibrils, underlies the beneficial effects of geniposide against neuropathological damage and cognitive deficits characteristic of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.,Shanxi Medical College for Continuing Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.,Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- Chemistry Department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yueze Liu
- Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sluggett JK, Koponen M, Bell JS, Taipale H, Tanskanen A, Tiihonen J, Uusitupa M, Tolppanen AM, Hartikainen S. Metformin and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease Among Community-Dwelling People With Diabetes: A National Case-Control Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5645285. [PMID: 31778170 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 2 diabetes has been linked with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies on the association between metformin use and AD have reported conflicting results. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether metformin use modifies the association between diabetes and incident, clinically verified AD. DESIGN Nested case-control study. SETTING All community-dwelling people in Finland. PARTICIPANTS Cases were all community-dwelling Finns with AD diagnosed from 2005 to 2011 and with diabetes diagnosed ≥ 3 years before AD (n = 9862). Cases were matched with up to 2 control persons by age, sex, and diabetes duration (n = 19 550). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Cumulative metformin exposure was determined from reimbursed dispensings over a 10- to 16-year period. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression to estimate associations, with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 7225 (73.3%) cases and 14528 (74.3%) controls received metformin at least once. Metformin use (ever use) was not associated with incident AD (aOR 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-1.05). The adjusted odds of AD were lower among people dispensed metformin for ≥ 10 years (aOR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.95), those dispensed cumulative defined daily doses (DDDs) of < 1825-3650 (aOR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.98) and > 3650 DDDs (aOR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.67-0.88), and among persons dispensed an average of 2 g metformin daily (aOR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.96). CONCLUSION In this large national sample we found no evidence that metformin use increases the risk of AD. Conversely, long-term and high-dose metformin use was associated with a lower risk of incident AD in older people with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet K Sluggett
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC Cognitive Decline Partnership Centre, Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Hospital, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marjaana Koponen
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Kuopio Research Centre for Geriatric Care, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Simon Bell
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC Cognitive Decline Partnership Centre, Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Hospital, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia
- Kuopio Research Centre for Geriatric Care, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heidi Taipale
- Kuopio Research Centre for Geriatric Care, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antti Tanskanen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Maija Tolppanen
- Kuopio Research Centre for Geriatric Care, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirpa Hartikainen
- Kuopio Research Centre for Geriatric Care, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fine JM, Kosyakovsky J, Baillargeon AM, Tokarev JV, Cooner JM, Svitak AL, Faltesek KA, Frey WH, Hanson LR. Intranasal deferoxamine can improve memory in healthy C57 mice, suggesting a partially non-disease-specific pathway of functional neurologic improvement. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01536. [PMID: 31960628 PMCID: PMC7066355 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intranasal deferoxamine (IN DFO) has been shown to decrease memory loss and have beneficial impacts across several models of neurologic disease and injury, including rodent models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. METHODS In order to assess the mechanism of DFO, determine its ability to improve memory from baseline in the absence of a diseased state, and assess targeting ability of intranasal delivery, we treated healthy mice with IN DFO (2.4 mg) or intraperitoneal (IP) DFO and compared behavioral and biochemical changes with saline-treated controls. Mice were treated 5 days/week for 4 weeks and subjected to behavioral tests 30 min after dosing. RESULTS We found that IN DFO, but not IP DFO, significantly enhanced working memory in the radial arm water maze, suggesting that IN administration is more efficacious as a targeted delivery route to the brain. Moreover, the ability of DFO to improve memory from baseline in healthy mice suggests a non-disease-specific mechanism of memory improvement. IN DFO treatment was accompanied by decreased GSK-3β activity and increased HIF-1α activity. CONCLUSIONS These pathways are suspected in DFO's ability to improve memory and perhaps represent a component of the common mechanism through which DFO enacts beneficial change in models of neurologic disease and injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Fine
- Neuroscience Research at HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jacob Kosyakovsky
- Neuroscience Research at HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Julian V Tokarev
- Neuroscience Research at HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jacob M Cooner
- Neuroscience Research at HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Aleta L Svitak
- Neuroscience Research at HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - William H Frey
- Neuroscience Research at HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Leah R Hanson
- Neuroscience Research at HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ramaholimihaso T, Bouazzaoui F, Kaladjian A. Curcumin in Depression: Potential Mechanisms of Action and Current Evidence-A Narrative Review. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:572533. [PMID: 33329109 PMCID: PMC7728608 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.572533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating disorders. Current available treatments are somehow limited, so alternative therapeutic approaches targeting different biological pathways are being investigated to improve treatment outcomes. Curcumin is the main active component in the spice turmeric that has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine to treat a variety of conditions, including anxiety and depressive disorders. In the past decades, curcumin has drawn researchers' attention and displays a broad range of properties that seem relevant to depression pathophysiology. In this review, we break down the potential mechanisms of action of curcumin with emphasis on the diverse systems that can be disrupted in MDD. Curcumin has displayed, in a number of studies, a potency in modulating neurotransmitter concentrations, inflammatory pathways, excitotoxicity, neuroplasticity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal disturbances, insulin resistance, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and endocannabinoid system, all of which can be involved in MDD pathophysiology. To date, a handful of clinical trials have been published and suggest a benefit of curcumin in MDD. With evidence that is progressively growing, curcumin appears as a promising alternative option in the management of MDD.
Collapse
|
45
|
Jiang L, Wang J, Wang Z, Huang W, Yang Y, Cai Z, Li K. Role of the Glyoxalase System in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:887-899. [PMID: 30400091 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an insidious and progressive neurodegenerative disease. The main pathological features of AD are the formation of amyloid-β deposits in the anterior cerebral cortex and hippocampus as well as the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Thus far, accumulating evidence shows that glycation is closely related to AD. As a final product resulting from the crosslinking of a reducing sugar or other reactive carbonyls and a protein, the advanced glycation end products have been found to be associated with the formation of amyloid-β and neurofibrillary tangles in AD. As a saccharification inhibitor, the glyoxalase system and its substrate methylglyoxal (MG) were certified to be associated with AD onset and development. As an active substance of AGEs, MG could cause direct or indirect damage to nerve cells and tissues. MG is converted to D-lactic acid after decomposition by the glyoxalase system. Under normal circumstances, MG metabolism is in a dynamic equilibrium, whereas MG accumulates in cells in the case of aging or pathological states. Studies have shown that increasing glyoxalase activity and reducing the MG level can inhibit the generation of oxidative stress and AGEs, thereby alleviating the symptoms and signs of AD to some extent. This paper focuses on the relevant mechanisms of action of the glyoxalase system and MG in the pathogenesis of AD, as well as the potential of inhibiting the production of advanced glycation end products in the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianying Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixia Yang
- Department of Neurology, Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Keshen Li
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zheng Y, Guo H, Zhang L, Wu J, Li Q, Lv F. Machine Learning-Based Framework for Differential Diagnosis Between Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease Using Structural MRI Features. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1097. [PMID: 31708854 PMCID: PMC6823227 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be characterized by the same syndrome of dementia. This study aims to assess whether multi-parameter features derived from structural MRI can serve as the informative biomarker for differential diagnosis between VaD and AD using machine learning. Methods: A total of 93 patients imaged with brain MRI including 58 AD and 35 VaD confirmed by two chief physicians were recruited in this study from June 2013 to July 2019. Automated brain tissue segmentation was performed by the AccuBrain tool to extract multi-parameter volumetric measurements from different brain regions. Firstly, a total of 62 structural MRI biomarkers were addressed to select significantly different features between VaD and AD for dimensionality reduction. Then, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was further used to construct a feature set that is fed into a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. To ensure the unbiased evaluation of model performance, a comparative study of classification models was implemented by using different machine learning algorithms in order to determine which performs best in the application of differential diagnosis between VaD and AD. The diagnostic performance of the classification models was evaluated by the quantitative metrics derived from the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The experimental results demonstrate that the SVM with RBF achieved an encouraging performance with sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), and accuracy (ACC) values of 82.65%, 87.17%, and 84.35%, respectively (AUC = 0.861, 95% CI = 0.820–0.902), for the differential diagnosis between VaD and AD. Conclusions: The proposed computer-aided diagnosis method highlights the potential of combining structural MRI and machine learning to support clinical decision making in distinction of VaD vs. AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yineng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoming Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fajin Lv
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
McGrath ER, Himali JJ, Levy D, Conner SC, DeCarli CS, Pase MP, Courchesne P, Satizabal CL, Vasan RS, Beiser AS, Seshadri S. Circulating IGFBP-2: a novel biomarker for incident dementia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1659-1670. [PMID: 31373442 PMCID: PMC6764739 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between plasma insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) and cognitive outcomes. METHODS We measured plasma IGFBP-2 levels in 1596 (53% women, mean age 68.7 [SD 5.7] years) dementia-free Framingham Offspring cohort participants between 1998 and 2001. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models related plasma IGFBP-2 to subsequent risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease. MRI brain measures and cognitive performance were included as secondary outcomes. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 11.8 (Q1, Q3: 7.1, 13.3) years, 131 participants developed incident dementia, of whom 98 were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. The highest tertile of IGFBP-2, compared to the lowest tertile, was associated with an increased risk of incident all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 2.89, 95% CI 1.63-5.13) and Alzheimer's disease (HR 3.63, 95% CI 1.76-7.50) in multivariable analysis. Higher circulating IGFBP2 levels were also cross-sectionally associated with poorer performance on tests of abstract reasoning but not with MRI-based outcomes. After adding plasma IGFBP-2 levels to a conventional dementia prediction model, 32% of individuals with dementia were correctly assigned a higher predicted risk, while 8% of individuals without dementia were correctly assigned a lower predicted risk (overall net reclassification improvement index, 0.40, 95% CI 0.22-0.59). INTERPRETATION Elevated circulating IGFBP-2 levels were associated with an increased risk of both all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Addition of IGFBP2 plasma levels to a model of traditional risk factors significantly improved dementia risk classification. Manipulation of insulin-like growth factor signaling via IGFBP-2 may be a promising therapeutic target for dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emer R. McGrath
- Department of NeurologyBrigham & Women’s HospitalBostonMassachusetts
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
| | - Jayandra J. Himali
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusetts
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
- Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute of the National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland
| | - Sarah C. Conner
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | | | - Matthew P. Pase
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
- Melbourne Dementia Research CentreThe Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Paul Courchesne
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
- Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute of the National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusetts
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Sciences CenterSan AntonioTexas
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusetts
| | - Alexa S. Beiser
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusetts
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusetts
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Sciences CenterSan AntonioTexas
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yarube I, Ayo J, Magaji R, Umar I. Insulin treatment increases brain nitric oxide and oxidative stress, but does not affect memory function in mice. Physiol Behav 2019; 211:112640. [PMID: 31377312 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Insulin increases brain nitric oxide (NO) level but the mechanism and the significance of the effect on memory are not fully understood. This study aimed to demonstrate the mechanism of insulin-induced increase in oxidative stress (OS) and its consequences on learning and memory. Twenty four mice were assigned to groups (n = 6) and treated daily for seven days with water (control), insulin, insulin+Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and L-NAME, respectively. Memory was assessed using Y-maze; NO, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in brain homogenate were also determined. There was no difference between the groups in the number of entries into the arms and time spent in them, and in number of and percentage alternations performed by the mice, indicating normal memory function of the control and treated mice. NO level in the insulin group was higher compared to the control (p = .018), while those of the other groups were statistically the same compared to the control group. MDA values in the insulin group were higher (p = .001) than those of the control, while those of the other groups were statistically the same compared to those of the control group. GPx activity in the insulin group was lower compared to control (p = .004), while that of the other groups was not significantly different compared to control. It was concluded that insulin treatment increased brain level of NO and OS through increased malondialdehyde level and glutathione peroxidase activity; insulin treatment did not affect long-term visuo-spatial and short-term working memory in the animals. Insulin treatment may have deleterious effects on the brain through increased NO and OS levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isyaku Yarube
- Neuroscience and Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
| | - Joseph Ayo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Rabiu Magaji
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ismail Umar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chenodeoxycholic Acid Ameliorates AlCl 3-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Deterioration via Enhanced Insulin Signaling in Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101992. [PMID: 31137621 PMCID: PMC6571973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and synthetic Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) ligands have shown promising outcomes in ameliorating insulin resistance associated with various medical conditions. This study aimed to investigate whether CDCA treatment has any potential in AD management through improving insulin signaling. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups and treated for six consecutive weeks; control (vehicle), AD-model (AlCl3 50 mg/kg/day i.p) and CDCA-treated group (AlCl3 + CDCA 90 mg/kg/day p.o from day 15). CDCA improved cognition as assessed by Morris Water Maze and Y-maze tests and preserved normal histological features. Moreover, CDCA lowered hippocampal beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42). Although no significant difference was observed in hippocampal insulin level, CDCA reduced insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation at serine-307 (pSer307-IRS1), while increased protein kinase B (Akt) activation, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Additionally, CDCA activated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Ultimately, CDCA was able to improve insulin sensitivity in the hippocampi of AlCl3-treated rats, which highlights its potential in AD management.
Collapse
|
50
|
Falomir-Lockhart LJ, Cavazzutti GF, Giménez E, Toscani AM. Fatty Acid Signaling Mechanisms in Neural Cells: Fatty Acid Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:162. [PMID: 31105530 PMCID: PMC6491900 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are typically associated with structural and metabolic roles, as they can be stored as triglycerides, degraded by β-oxidation or used in phospholipids’ synthesis, the main components of biological membranes. It has been shown that these lipids exhibit also regulatory functions in different cell types. FAs can serve as secondary messengers, as well as modulators of enzymatic activities and substrates for cytokines synthesis. More recently, it has been documented a direct activity of free FAs as ligands of membrane, cytosolic, and nuclear receptors, and cumulative evidence has emerged, demonstrating its participation in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions. It has been long known that the central nervous system is enriched with poly-unsaturated FAs, such as arachidonic (C20:4ω-6) or docosohexaenoic (C22:6ω-3) acids. These lipids participate in the regulation of membrane fluidity, axonal growth, development, memory, and inflammatory response. Furthermore, a whole family of low molecular weight compounds derived from FAs has also gained special attention as the natural ligands for cannabinoid receptors or key cytokines involved in inflammation, largely expanding the role of FAs as precursors of signaling molecules. Nutritional deficiencies, and alterations in lipid metabolism and lipid signaling have been associated with developmental and cognitive problems, as well as with neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular mechanism behind these effects still remains elusive. But in the last two decades, different families of proteins have been characterized as receptors mediating FAs signaling. This review focuses on different receptors sensing and transducing free FAs signals in neural cells: (1) membrane receptors of the family of G Protein Coupled Receptors known as Free Fatty Acid Receptors (FFARs); (2) cytosolic transport Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins (FABPs); and (3) transcription factors Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs). We discuss how these proteins modulate and mediate direct regulatory functions of free FAs in neural cells. Finally, we briefly discuss the advantages of evaluating them as potential targets for drug design in order to manipulate lipid signaling. A thorough characterization of lipid receptors of the nervous system could provide a framework for a better understanding of their roles in neurophysiology and, potentially, help for the development of novel drugs against aging and neurodegenerative processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro Jorge Falomir-Lockhart
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gian Franco Cavazzutti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Martín Toscani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|