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Chib S, Dutta BJ, Chalotra R, Abubakar M, Kumar P, Singh TG, Singh R. Role of Flavonoids in Mitigating the Pathological Complexities and Treatment Hurdles in Alzheimer's Disease. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 39660432 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
With the passage of time, people step toward old age and become more prone to several diseases associated with the age. One such is Alzheimer's disease (AD) which results into neuronal damage and dementia with the progression of age. The existing therapeutics has been hindered by various enkindles like less eminent between remote populations, affordability issues and toxicity profiles. Moreover, lack of suitable therapeutic option further worsens the quality of life in older population. Developing an efficient therapeutic intervention to cure AD is still a challenge for medical fraternity. Recently, alternative approaches attain the attention of researchers to focus on plant-based therapy in mitigating AD. In this context, flavonoids gained centrality as a feasible treatment in modifying various neurological deficits. This review mainly focuses on the pathological facets and economic burden of AD. Furthermore, we have explored the possible mechanism of flavonoids with the preclinical and clinical aspects for curing AD. Flavonoids being potential therapeutic, target the pathogenic factors of AD such as oxidative stress, inflammation, metal toxicity, Aβ accumulation, modulate neurotransmission and insulin signaling. In this review, we emphasized on potential neuroprotective effects of flavonoids in AD pathology, with focus on both experimental and clinical findings. While preclinical studies suggest promising therapeutic benefits, clinical data remains limited and inconclusive. Thus, further high-quality clinical trials are necessary to validate the efficacy of flavonoids in AD. The study aim is to promote the plant-based therapies and encourage people to add flavonoids to regular diet to avail the beneficial effects in preventive therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Chib
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Bhaskar Jyoti Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, India
| | - Rishabh Chalotra
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Md Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Randhir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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2
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Flores-Montoya G, Tian Z, Michii A, Chan SY, Sanchez N. The effects of developmental sub-chronic low-level lead exposure on microglia and a test of possible mitigation by apigenin in C57BL/6J young mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 107:107406. [PMID: 39638160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
Developmental chronic low-level lead (Pb) exposure disrupts central nervous system function and diminishes neurocognition. Microglial cell activation might contribute to these deficits. The present study evaluated the effects of developmental sub-chronic low-level lead exposure on microglial cells and the possible effectiveness of a natural anti-inflammatory intervention with apigenin to mitigate these effects. From PND 0 to 28, 87 C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to one of six treatment conditions: 0 ppm Pb; 30 ppm Pb; 430 ppm Pb; 30 ppm Pb + 400 ppm apigenin; 430 ppm Pb + 400 ppm apigenin; or 400 ppm apigenin, via dams' drinking water. Following sacrifice, brain tissue was harvested and microglial cells were labeled via immunohistochemistry and counted within the dentate gyrus (DG) using unbiased stereology methods. It was hypothesized that developmental sub-chronic low-level lead exposure would increase microglial cell numbers within the DG and that apigenin treatment may mitigate these effects. A significant effect of treatment group was found and post-hoc analyses revealed that Pb-exposure generated an increased number of microglial cells as compared to controls. Interestingly, the 30 ppm Pb with apigenin treatment group did not generate microglial cell numbers different from the control group unexposed to Pb. These results suggested that developmental sub-chronic low-level lead exposure increased microglial cell activation within the DG and that, at low-levels of Pb exposure, apigenin treatment may mitigate these effects. These results provided the groundwork for studies that could identify an effective intervention to alleviate the effects of developmental chronic low-level lead exposure in child neurocognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisel Flores-Montoya
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Neurotoxicology, Carleton College, Psychology Department, United States of America.
| | - Zichen Tian
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Neurotoxicology, Carleton College, Psychology Department, United States of America
| | - Ayasa Michii
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Neurotoxicology, Carleton College, Psychology Department, United States of America
| | - Sze Ying Chan
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Neurotoxicology, Carleton College, Psychology Department, United States of America
| | - Natalie Sanchez
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Neurotoxicology, Carleton College, Psychology Department, United States of America
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3
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Olasehinde TA, Olaokun OO. Apigenin and inflammation in the brain: can apigenin inhibit neuroinflammation in preclinical models? Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:3099-3108. [PMID: 39126572 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Apigenin is a flavone-kind of flavonoid present in fruits and vegetables. Apigenin exhibits biological activities including neuropharmacological effects against different neurological disorders. In this study, we summarize and discuss the molecular mechanisms of the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of apigenin in neurological disorders. A systematic review was conducted by searching Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed. A total of 461 records were retrieved from the search. After screening of the records based on the inclusion criteria, 16 articles were selected and discussed in this study. The results from the selected studies showed that apigenin exhibited anti-neuroinflammatory effect in preclinical studies. The anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms exhibited by apigenin include inhibition of overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, attenuation of microglia activation via reduction of CD-11b-positive cells, inhibition of ROCK-1 expression and upregulation of miR-15a, p-ERK1/2, p-CREB, and BDNF, downregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, iNOS and COX-2 expression, reduction of Toll-like receptor-4 expression and inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) activation. Overall, apigenin inhibited neuroinflammation which suggests it confers neuroprotective effect against neuronal degeneration in some neurodegenerative conditions. This review provides important neuropharmacological information on the neuroprotective mechanisms of apigenin against neuroinflammation which may be useful for future preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin A Olasehinde
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Food Technology Department, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Oyinlola O Olaokun
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Pretoria, 0208, South Africa
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Bai H, Zhang Z, Zhu M, Sun Y, Wang Y, Li B, Wang Q, Kuang H. Research progress of treating hyperuricemia in rats and mice with traditional Chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1428558. [PMID: 39101136 PMCID: PMC11294118 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1428558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a common chronic metabolic disease caused by abnormal purine metabolism and uric acid excretion. Despite extensive research on HUA, no clear treatment has been found so far. Improving purine metabolism and promoting uric acid excretion is crucial for the effective treatment of HUA. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions have shown good effects in treating HUA. This article summarizes the latest progress in treating HUA in rats and mice using traditional Chinese medicine and prescriptions, elaborates on the pathogenesis of HUA, explores the application of commonly used traditional Chinese medicine treatment methods and prescriptions, and discusses the previous pharmacological mechanisms. In general, our research indicates that traditional Chinese medicine can effectively relieve the symptoms related to elevated uric acid levels in HUA rats and mice. However, further exploration and research are needed to verify its efficacy, safety, and feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Zidong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingtao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Biao Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Szulc A, Wiśniewska K, Żabińska M, Gaffke L, Szota M, Olendzka Z, Węgrzyn G, Pierzynowska K. Effectiveness of Flavonoid-Rich Diet in Alleviating Symptoms of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Foods 2024; 13:1931. [PMID: 38928874 PMCID: PMC11202533 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, there has been a significant increase in the burden of neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, on a global scale. This is linked to a widespread demographic trend in which developed societies are aging, leading to an increased proportion of elderly individuals and, concurrently, an increase in the number of those afflicted, posing one of the main public health challenges for the coming decades. The complex pathomechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and resulting varied symptoms, which differ depending on the disease, environment, and lifestyle of the patients, make searching for therapies for this group of disorders a formidable challenge. Currently, most neurodegenerative diseases are considered incurable. An important aspect in the fight against and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases may be broadly understood lifestyle choices, and more specifically, what we will focus on in this review, a diet. One proposal that may help in the fight against the spread of neurodegenerative diseases is a diet rich in flavonoids. Flavonoids are compounds widely found in products considered healthy, such as fruits, vegetables, and herbs. Many studies indicated not only the neuroprotective effects of these compounds but also their ability to reverse changes occurring during the progression of diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we present the main groups of flavonoids, discussing their characteristics and mechanisms of action. The most widely described mechanisms point to neuroprotective functions due to strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, accompanied with their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, as well as the ability to inhibit the formation of protein aggregates. The latter feature, together with promoting removal of the aggregates is especially important in neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss a therapeutic potential of selected flavonoids in the fight against neurodegenerative diseases, based on in vitro studies, and their impact when included in the diet of animals (laboratory research) and humans (population studies). Thus, this review summarizes flavonoids' actions and impacts on neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic use of these compounds in the future is potentially possible but depends on overcoming key challenges such as low bioavailability, determining the therapeutic dose, and defining what a flavonoid-rich diet is and determining its potential negative effects. This review also suggests further research directions to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (K.W.); (M.Ż.); (L.G.); (M.S.); (Z.O.); (K.P.)
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El Oirdi M. Harnessing the Power of Polyphenols: A New Frontier in Disease Prevention and Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:692. [PMID: 38931359 PMCID: PMC11206774 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There are a wide variety of phytochemicals collectively known as polyphenols. Their structural diversity results in a broad range of characteristics and biological effects. Polyphenols can be found in a variety of foods and drinks, including fruits, cereals, tea, and coffee. Studies both in vitro and in vivo, as well as clinical trials, have shown that they possess potent antioxidant activities, numerous therapeutic effects, and health advantages. Dietary polyphenols have demonstrated the potential to prevent many health problems, including obesity, atherosclerosis, high blood sugar, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and neurological diseases. In this paper, the protective effects of polyphenols and the mechanisms behind them are investigated in detail, citing the most recent available literature. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the role of polyphenols in preventing and managing chronic diseases. The cited publications are derived from in vitro, in vivo, and human-based studies and clinical trials. A more complete understanding of these naturally occurring metabolites will pave the way for the development of novel polyphenol-rich diet and drug development programs. This, in turn, provides further evidence of their health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Oirdi
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Charrière K, Schneider V, Perrignon-Sommet M, Lizard G, Benani A, Jacquin-Piques A, Vejux A. Exploring the Role of Apigenin in Neuroinflammation: Insights and Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5041. [PMID: 38732259 PMCID: PMC11084463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a hallmark of various central nervous system disorders, is often associated with oxidative stress and neuronal or oligodendrocyte cell death. It is therefore very interesting to target neuroinflammation pharmacologically. One therapeutic option is the use of nutraceuticals, particularly apigenin. Apigenin is present in plants: vegetables (parsley, celery, onions), fruits (oranges), herbs (chamomile, thyme, oregano, basil), and some beverages (tea, beer, and wine). This review explores the potential of apigenin as an anti-inflammatory agent across diverse neurological conditions (multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease), cancer, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive and memory disorders, and toxicity related to trace metals and other chemicals. Drawing upon major studies, we summarize apigenin's multifaceted effects and underlying mechanisms in neuroinflammation. Our review underscores apigenin's therapeutic promise and calls for further investigation into its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Charrière
- Université de Franche-Comté, CHU Besançon, UMR 1322 LINC, INSERM CIC 1431, 25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Vincent Schneider
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (V.S.); (M.P.-S.); (A.B.); (A.J.-P.)
- Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, CHU F. Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Manon Perrignon-Sommet
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (V.S.); (M.P.-S.); (A.B.); (A.J.-P.)
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Alexandre Benani
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (V.S.); (M.P.-S.); (A.B.); (A.J.-P.)
| | - Agnès Jacquin-Piques
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (V.S.); (M.P.-S.); (A.B.); (A.J.-P.)
- Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, CHU F. Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
- Memory Resource and Research Center (CMRR), CHU F. Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anne Vejux
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (V.S.); (M.P.-S.); (A.B.); (A.J.-P.)
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France;
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Feizolahi F, Arabzadeh E, Sarshin A, Falahi F, Dehghannayeri Z, Ali Askari A, Wong A, Aghaei F, Zargani M. Effects of Exercise Training and L-Arginine Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles on Hippocampus Histopathology, β-Secretase Enzyme Function, APP, Tau, Iba1and APOE-4 mRNA in Aging Rats. Neurotox Res 2024; 42:21. [PMID: 38441819 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-024-00699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined and independent effects of exercise training and L-Arginine loaded chitosan nanoparticles (LA CNPs) supplementation on hippocampal Tau, App, Iba1, and ApoE gene expression, oxidative stress, β-secretase enzyme activity, and hippocampus histopathology in aging rats. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 7 in each): Young (8 weeks old), Old (20 months old), old + L-arginine supplementation (Old Sup), old + exercise (Old Exe) and old + L-arginine supplementation + exercise (Old Sup + Exe). LA CNPs were administered to the supplement groups through gavage at a dosage of 500 mg/kg/day for 6-weeks. Exercise groups were subjected to a swimming exercise program five days/week for the same duration. Upon the completion of their interventions, the animals underwent behavioral and open-field task tests and were subsequently sacrificed for hippocampus genetic and histopathological evaluation. For histopathological analysis of brain, Cresyl violet staining was used. Congo Red staining was employed to confirm amyloid plaques in the hippocampus. Expressions of Tau, App, Iba1, and ApoE genes were determined by real-time PCR. In contrast to the Old group, Old Exe and Old Sup + Exe groups spent more time in the central space in the open field task (p < 0.05) and have more live cells in the hippocampus. Old rats (Old, Old Sup and Old Exe groups) exhibited a significant Aβ peptide accumulation and increases in APP, Tau, Iba1, APOE-4 mRNA and MDA, along with decreases in SOD compared to the young group (p < 0.05). However, LA CNPs supplementation, exercise, and their combination (Old Sup, Old Exe and Old Sup + Exe) significantly reduced MDA, Aβ plaque as well as APP, Tau, Iba1, and APOE-4 mRNA compared to the Old group (p < 0.05). Consequently, the administration of LA CNPs supplements and exercise might regulate the risk factors of hippocampus cell and tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foad Feizolahi
- Clinical Care and Health Promotion Research Center, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sarshin
- Clinical Care and Health Promotion Research Center, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farshad Falahi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Dehghannayeri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Ali Askari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Fariba Aghaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zargani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
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Ni X, Bao H, Guo J, Li D, Wang L, Zhang W, Sun G. Discussion on the mechanism of Danggui Sini decoction in treating diabetic foot based on network pharmacology and molecular docking and verification of the curative effect by meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1347021. [PMID: 38464966 PMCID: PMC10921091 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1347021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The main active components and mechanism of Danggui Sini decoction (DSD) in treating diabetic foot (DF) were studied and verified by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Evidence-based medicine was used to prove its efficacy. Methods The TCMSP systematic pharmacology platform screened out DSD's practical components and targets-screening disease targets in GeneCards database, using Cytoscape 3.7.2 to draw DSD-active ingredient-target network diagram, and drawing the protein interaction network diagram through STRING database. The Metascape platform was used to analyze the GO function enrichment and KEGG signal pathway. The molecular docking experiment was carried out by using Auto Dock vina 4.2. The related literature on DSD in treating DF in China Zhiwang, Wanfang, Weipu, and China Biomedical Literature Database was searched. The literature was screened, data was extracted, and quality was evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 256 targets of all effective components of DSD were obtained. Among 1,272 disease targets, there are 113 common targets. The GO analysis received 6,179 entries, and the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found 251 related pathways. The molecular docking results of the main targets of diabetic foot and the active substances of DSD all showed a high docking activity. The meta-analysis included six literature, all of which were randomized controlled experiments. The quality grade of the literature was C, and the results showed that the total effective rate of clinical efficacy in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusions DSD may treat DF by participating in biological processes such as cell proliferation regulation, inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress reaction, and promotion of angiogenesis. DSD treats DF through AKT1, TP53, IL6, TNF, VEGFA, and other targets. DSD plays a role in treating DF mainly through the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. The molecular docking results of AKT1, TP53, IL-6, TNF, and VEGFA with the active substances of DSD show that they all have a high docking activity; among them, VEGFA has a higher docking activity. Compared with conventional treatment, DSD has a high effective rate, short wound healing time, large wound healing area, and high ABI index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Ni
- Graduate School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Huhe Bao
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiaxing Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Deer Li
- Traumatic Orthopedics, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, China
| | - Lihang Wang
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou Medical College, Baotau, China
| | - Wanyin Zhang
- Graduate School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Guanwen Sun
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
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Nájera-Maldonado JM, Salazar R, Alvarez-Fitz P, Acevedo-Quiroz M, Flores-Alfaro E, Hernández-Sotelo D, Espinoza-Rojo M, Ramírez M. Phenolic Compounds of Therapeutic Interest in Neuroprotection. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:227-246. [PMID: 38390994 PMCID: PMC10885129 DOI: 10.3390/jox14010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of elderly people is projected to double in the next 50 years worldwide, resulting in an increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. Aging causes changes in brain tissue homeostasis, thus contributing to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Current treatments are not entirely effective, so alternative treatments or adjuvant agents are being actively sought. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds are of particular interest for neurodegenerative diseases whose psychopathological mechanisms strongly rely on oxidative stress at the brain level. Moreover, phenolic compounds display other advantages such as the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the interesting molecular mechanisms that we reviewed in this work. We began by briefly outlining the physiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases to understand the mechanisms that result in irreversible brain damage, then we provided an overall classification of the phenolic compounds that would be addressed later. We reviewed in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as some clinical trials in which neuroprotective mechanisms were demonstrated in models of different neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), ischemia, and traumatic brain injury (TBI).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Salazar
- CONAHCYT National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Mexico
| | - Patricia Alvarez-Fitz
- CONAHCYT National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Mexico
| | - Macdiel Acevedo-Quiroz
- National Technological Institute of Mexico, Technological/IT Institute of Zacatepec, Zacatepec 62780, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernández-Sotelo
- Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Mexico
| | - Mónica Espinoza-Rojo
- Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Mexico
| | - Mónica Ramírez
- CONAHCYT National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Mexico
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11
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Cavalier AN, Clayton ZS, Wahl D, Hutton DA, McEntee CM, Seals DR, LaRocca TJ. Protective effects of apigenin on the brain transcriptome with aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 217:111889. [PMID: 38007051 PMCID: PMC10843586 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Brain aging is associated with reduced cognitive function that increases the risk for dementia. Apigenin is a bioactive plant compound that inhibits cellular aging processes and could protect against age-related cognitive dysfunction, but its mechanisms of action in the brain have not been comprehensively studied. We characterized brain transcriptome changes in young and old mice treated with apigenin in drinking water. We observed improved learning/memory in old treated mice, and our transcriptome analyses indicated that differentially expressed genes with aging and apigenin were primarily related to immune responses, inflammation, and cytokine regulation. Moreover, we found that genes/transcripts that were increased in old vs. young mice but downregulated with apigenin treatment in old animals were associated with immune activation/inflammation, whereas transcripts that were reduced with aging but increased with apigenin were related neuronal function and signaling. We also found that these transcriptome differences with aging and apigenin treatment were driven in part by glial cells. To follow up on these in vivo transcriptome findings, we studied aged astrocytes in vitro, and we found that apigenin reduced markers of inflammation and cellular senescence in these cells. Collectively, our data suggest that apigenin may protect against age-related cognitive dysfunction by suppressing neuro-inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N Cavalier
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Zachary S Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Devin Wahl
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - David A Hutton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Cali M McEntee
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
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12
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Olasehinde TA, Olaokun OO. The Beneficial Role of Apigenin against Cognitive and Neurobehavioural Dysfunction: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Investigations. Biomedicines 2024; 12:178. [PMID: 38255283 PMCID: PMC10813036 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a flavone widely present in different fruits and vegetables and has been suggested to possess neuroprotective effects against some neurological disorders. In this study, we systematically reviewed preclinical studies that investigated the effects of apigenin on learning and memory, locomotion activity, anxiety-like behaviour, depressive-like behaviour and sensorimotor and motor coordination in rats and mice with impaired memory and behaviour. We searched SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar for relevant articles. A total of 34 studies were included in this review. The included studies revealed that apigenin enhanced learning and memory and locomotion activity, exhibited anxiolytic effects, attenuated depressive-like behaviour and improved sensorimotor and motor coordination in animals with cognitive impairment and neurobehavioural deficit. Some of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of apigenin include activation of the ERK/CREB/BDNF signalling pathway; modulation of neurotransmitter levels and monoaminergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic systems; inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production; and attenuation of oxidative neuronal damage. These results revealed the necessity for further research using established doses and short or long durations to ascertain effective and safe doses of apigenin. These results also point to the need for a clinical experiment to ascertain the therapeutic effect of apigenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin A. Olasehinde
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Food Technology Department, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos 100261, Nigeria
| | - Oyinlola O. Olaokun
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa;
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13
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Can B, Sanlier N. Alzheimer, Parkinson, dementia, and phytochemicals: insight review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38189347 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2299340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia are the leading neurodegenerative diseases that threaten the world with the aging population. Although the pathophysiology of each disease is unique, the steps to be taken to prevent diseases are similar. One of the changes that a person can make alone is to gain the habit of an antioxidant-rich diet. Phytochemicals known for their antioxidant properties have been reported to prevent neurodegenerative diseases in various studies. Phytochemicals with similar chemical structures are grouped. Accordingly, there are two main groups of phytochemicals, flavonoid and non-flavonoid. Various in vitro and in vivo studies on phytochemicals have proven neuroprotective effects by increasing cognitive function with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to summarize the in vitro and in vivo studies on phytochemicals with neuroprotective effects and to provide insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Can
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- School of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Gamage R, Rossetti I, Niedermayer G, Münch G, Buskila Y, Gyengesi E. Chronic neuroinflammation during aging leads to cholinergic neurodegeneration in the mouse medial septum. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:235. [PMID: 37833764 PMCID: PMC10576363 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade, chronic inflammation in the central nervous system characterized by glial reactivity is one of the major hallmarks for aging-related neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) provide the primary source of cholinergic innervation of the human cerebral cortex and may be differentially vulnerable in various neurodegenerative diseases. However, the impact of chronic neuroinflammation on the cholinergic function is still unclear. METHODS To gain further insight into age-related cholinergic decline, we investigated the cumulative effects of aging and chronic neuroinflammation on the structure and function of the septal cholinergic neurons in transgenic mice expressing interleukin-6 under the GFAP promoter (GFAP-IL6), which maintains a constant level of gliosis. Immunohistochemistry combined with unbiased stereology, single cell 3D morphology analysis and in vitro whole cell patch-clamp measurements were used to validate the structural and functional changes of BFCN and their microglial environment in the medial septum. RESULTS Stereological estimation of MS microglia number displayed significant increase across all three age groups, while a significant decrease in cholinergic cell number in the adult and aged groups in GFAP-IL6 mice compared to control. Moreover, we observed age-dependent alterations in the electrophysiological properties of cholinergic neurons and an increased excitability profile in the adult GFAP-IL6 group due to chronic neuroinflammation. These results complimented the significant decrease in hippocampal pyramidal spine density seen with aging and neuroinflammation. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence of the significant impact of both aging and chronic glial activation on the cholinergic and microglial numbers and morphology in the MS, and alterations in the passive and active electrophysiological membrane properties of septal cholinergic neurons, resulting in cholinergic dysfunction, as seen in AD. Our results indicate that aging combined with gliosis is sufficient to cause cholinergic disruptions in the brain, as seen in dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gamage
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Ilaria Rossetti
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Garry Niedermayer
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Yossi Buskila
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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15
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Pérez-Fernández V, Thananjeyan AL, Ullah F, Münch G, Cameron M, Gyengesi E. The effects of a highly bioavailable curcumin Phytosome TM preparation on the retinal architecture and glial reactivity in the GFAP-IL6 mice. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 3:1205542. [PMID: 38983084 PMCID: PMC11182199 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1205542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Uncontrolled, chronic inflammation in the retina can disturb retinal structure and function leading to impaired visual function. For the first time, in a mouse model of chronic neuroinflammation (GFAP-IL6), we investigated the impact of chronic glial activation on the retinal microglia population and structure. In addition, we tested a curcumin PhytosomeTM preparation with enhanced bioavailability to investigate the effects of a cytokine-suppressing anti-inflammatory drug on retinal architecture. Curcumin PhytosomeTM was fed to 3-month old GFAP-IL6 mice for 4 weeks and compared to their untreated GFAP-IL6 counterparts as well as wild type mice on control diet. Microglial numbers and morphology together with neuronal numbers were characterized using immunohistochemistry and cell reconstruction in the retina, using retinal wholemount and slices. GFAP-IL6 mice showed a significant increase in Iba1-labelled mononuclear phagocytes, including microglia, and displayed altered glial morphology. This resulted in a reduction in cone density and a thinning of the retinal layers compared to wild type mice. Curcumin PhytosomeTM treatment contributed to decreased microglial density, significantly decreasing both soma and cell size compared to control diet, as well as preventing the thinning of the retinal layers. This study is the first to characterize the impact of chronic retinal inflammation in the GFAP-IL6 mouse and the therapeutic benefit of enhanced bioavailable curcumin PhytosomeTM to significantly reduce microglia density and prevent neuronal loss. These data suggest that curcumin could be used as a complementary therapy alongside traditional treatments to reduce associated retinal inflammation in a variety of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Faheem Ullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Gerald Münch
- Department of Pharmacology, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Morven Cameron
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- Department of Pharmacology, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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16
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Liu J, Li T, Zhong G, Pan Y, Gao M, Su S, Liang Y, Ma C, Liu Y, Wang Q, Shi Q. Exploring the therapeutic potential of natural compounds for Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms of action and pharmacological properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115406. [PMID: 37659206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a global public health priority characterized by high mortality rates in adults and an increasing prevalence in aging populations worldwide. Despite significant advancements in comprehending the pathogenesis of AD since its initial report in 1907, there remains a lack of effective curative or preventive measures for the disease. In recent years, natural compounds sourced from diverse origins have garnered considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents for AD, owing to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. This review aims to consolidate the therapeutic effects of natural compounds on AD, specifically targeting the reduction of β-amyloid (Aβ) overproduction, anti-apoptosis, autophagy, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, the identified compounds exhibiting these effects predominantly originate from plants. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of natural compounds as a reservoir of novel therapeutic agents for AD, thereby stimulating further research and contributing to the development of efficacious treatments for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinman Liu
- Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529099, China
| | - Tianyao Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Guangcheng Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yaru Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Minghuang Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shijie Su
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Cuiru Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yuanyue Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Qing Shi
- Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529099, China.
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17
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Kumar P, Mathew S, Gamage R, Bodkin F, Doyle K, Rossetti I, Wagnon I, Zhou X, Raju R, Gyengesi E, Münch G. From the Bush to the Brain: Preclinical Stages of Ethnobotanical Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Drug Discovery-An Australian Example. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11086. [PMID: 37446262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Australian rainforest is a rich source of medicinal plants that have evolved in the face of dramatic environmental challenges over a million years due to its prolonged geographical isolation from other continents. The rainforest consists of an inherent richness of plant secondary metabolites that are the most intense in the rainforest. The search for more potent and more bioavailable compounds from other plant sources is ongoing, and our short review will outline the pathways from the discovery of bioactive plants to the structural identification of active compounds, testing for potency, and then neuroprotection in a triculture system, and finally, the validation in an appropriate neuro-inflammatory mouse model, using some examples from our current research. We will focus on neuroinflammation as a potential treatment target for neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) for these plant-derived, anti-inflammatory molecules and highlight cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs (CSAIDs) as a better alternative to conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payaal Kumar
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Shintu Mathew
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Rashmi Gamage
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Frances Bodkin
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Kerrie Doyle
- Indigenous Health Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Ilaria Rossetti
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Ingrid Wagnon
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ritesh Raju
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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18
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Ikzf1 as a novel regulator of microglial homeostasis in inflammation and neurodegeneration. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:144-161. [PMID: 36702234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, microglia have emerged as key contributors to disease progression in many neurological disorders, not only by exerting their classical immunological functions but also as extremely dynamic cells with the ability to modulate synaptic and neural activity. This dynamic behavior, together with their heterogeneous roles and response to diverse perturbations in the brain parenchyma has raised the idea that microglia activation is more diverse than anticipated and that understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying microglial states is essential to unravel their role in health and disease from development to aging. The Ikzf1 (a.k.a. Ikaros) gene plays crucial roles in modulating the function and maturation of circulating monocytes and lymphocytes, but whether it regulates microglial functions and states is unknown. Using genetic tools, here we describe that Ikzf1 is specifically expressed in the adult microglia in brain regions such as cortex and hippocampus. By characterizing the Ikzf1 deficient mice, we observed that these mice displayed spatial learning deficits, impaired hippocampal CA3-CA1 long-term potentiation, and decreased spine density in pyramidal neurons of the CA1, which correlates with an increased expression of synaptic markers within microglia. Additionally, these Ikzf1 deficient microglia exhibited a severe abnormal morphology in the hippocampus, which is accompanied by astrogliosis, an aberrant composition of the inflammasome, and an altered expression of disease-associated microglia molecules. Interestingly, the lack of Ikzf1 induced changes on histone 3 acetylation and methylation levels in the hippocampus. Since the lack of Ikzf1 in mice appears to induce the internalization of synaptic markers within microglia, and severe gliosis we then analyzed hippocampal Ikzf1 levels in several models of neurological disorders. Ikzf1 levels were increased in the hippocampus of these neurological models, as well as in postmortem hippocampal samples from Alzheimer's disease patients. Finally, over-expressing Ikzf1 in cultured microglia made these cells hyporeactive upon treatment with lipopolysaccharide, and less phagocytic compared to control microglia. Altogether, these results suggest that altered Ikzf1 levels in the adult hippocampus are sufficient to induce synaptic plasticity and memory deficits via altering microglial state and function.
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19
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Barreto Chang OL, Maze M. Defining the role of Interleukin-6 for the development of perioperative neurocognitive disorders: Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1097606. [PMID: 36778590 PMCID: PMC9908597 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1097606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
For most, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority that may be thwarted by the consequences of a postoperative complication unrelated to the disorder which necessitated the surgical intervention. Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is an overarching term for cognitive impairment in surgical patients, that includes conditions from delirium to dementia, affecting more than 7 million patients annually in the US, and which threatens both functional independence and life. Clinical trials and meta-analyses have identified the association between PNDs and increased perioperative levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic cytokine that is both necessary and sufficient for postoperative memory decline in a preclinical model of PND. Recently, we reported that, in adult male wild-type mice subjected to tibial fracture under general anesthesia, IL-6 trans-signaling in hippocampal CA1 neurons mediates surgery-induced memory impairment. As there are no therapeutic options for preventing or reversing PNDs, patients and their caregivers, as well as the healthcare industry, endure staggering costs. Olamkicept, a highly selective IL-6 trans-signaling blocker has shown to be efficacious and safe in clinical trials involving patients with inflammatory bowel disease, another condition for which IL-6 trans-signaling is the mediating mechanism. Subject to a demonstration that olamkicept is effective in preventing cognitive impairment in vulnerable (aged and Alzheimer's Disease) preclinical PND models, clinical trials involving aged and/or cognitively impaired surgical patients should be undertaken to study olamkicept's utility for PNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odmara L. Barreto Chang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mervyn Maze
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Mervyn Maze, ✉
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20
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Sun Y, Gao C, Liu H, Liu X, Yue T. Exploring the mechanism by which aqueous Gynura divaricata inhibits diabetic foot based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental verification. Mol Med 2023; 29:11. [PMID: 36670362 PMCID: PMC9862864 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00605-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To predict and validate the potential mechanism by which Gynura divaricata (GD) functions in the treatment of diabetic foot (DF). METHODS The main chemical constituents of GD were identified by reviewing the literature, the traditional Chinese medicine database platform (TCMIP) and the BATMAN-TCM platform. DF disease targets were identified with the GeneCards database, and the compound-target network was constructed by using the intersection of drugs and disease. The STRING platform was used to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to visualize the results. Moreover, the Metascape database was used for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Molecular docking of the active ingredients of GD and core protein targets of DF was performed using AutoDock software. Finally, the predicted results were preliminarily verified with experiments. RESULTS A total of 140 potential targets of GD were identified and associated with DF. According to the PPI network analysis, GD accelerated DF wound healing, and the mechanism may be related to proteins such as AKT1, TP53, IL6, CASP3, TNF, and VEGFA. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that GD may play a role in the treatment of diabetic foot by affecting various signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that the proteins AKT1, TP53, IL6, CASP3, TNF, and VEGFA were closely associated with the components of GD. The animal experiments showed that GD reduced the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and increased the mRNA and protein expression of VEGFA in rats with DF. CONCLUSIONS GD regulates multiple targets and multiple pathways to promote wound healing in DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, No. 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, 404000 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cailiang Gao
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, No. 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, 404000 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiting Liu
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, No. 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, 404000 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Liu
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, No. 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, 404000 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tun Yue
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, No. 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, 404000 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Matrisciano F. Functional Nutrition as Integrated Intervention for In- and Outpatient with Schizophrenia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2409-2423. [PMID: 36946488 PMCID: PMC10616917 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230322160259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic and progressive disorder characterized by cognitive, emotional, and behavioral abnormalities associated with neuronal development and synaptic plasticity alterations. Genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in cortical parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons and consequent alterations in glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission during early neurodevelopment underlie schizophrenia manifestation and progression. Also, epigenetic alterations during pregnancy or early phases of postnatal life are associated with schizophrenia vulnerability and inflammatory processes, which are at the basis of brain pathology and a higher risk of comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. In addition, schizophrenia patients adopt an unhealthy lifestyle and poor nutrition, leading to premature death. Here, I explored the role of functional nutrition as an integrated intervention for the long-term management of patients with schizophrenia. Several natural bioactive compounds in plant-based whole foods, including flavonoids, phytonutrients, vitamins, fatty acids, and minerals, modulate brain functioning by targeting neuroinflammation and improving cognitive decline. Although further clinical studies are needed, a functional diet rich in natural bioactive compounds might be effective in synergism with standard treatments to improve schizophrenia symptoms and reduce the risk of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Matrisciano
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA
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22
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Liu T, Gao H, Zhang Y, Wang S, Lu M, Dai X, Liu Y, Shi H, Xu T, Yin J, Gao S, Wang L, Zhang D. Apigenin Ameliorates Hyperuricemia and Renal Injury through Regulation of Uric Acid Metabolism and JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1442. [PMID: 36422572 PMCID: PMC9697024 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a kind of metabolic disease with high incidence that still needs new countermeasures. Apigenin has uric-lowering and kidney-protective activities, but how apigenin attenuates HUA and renal injury remains largely unexploited. To this end, an acute HUA mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxazinate and oral administration with hypoxanthine for 7 consecutive days. Apigenin intervention decreased serum uric acid (UA), creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-18 (IL-18), liver xanthine oxidase (XOD), and urine protein levels, and increased serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) and urine UA and CRE levels in HUA mice. Moreover, administration of apigenin to HUA mice prevented renal injury, decreased renal glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) and urate anion transporter 1 (URAT1) levels, and increased renal organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1). These alterations were associated with an inhibition of IL-6, phospho-janus kinase 2 (P-JAK2), phospho-signal transducer, and activator of transcription 3 (P-STAT3), and suppression of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression in the kidneys. Additionally, the molecular docking results showed that apigenin had strong binding capacity with UA transporters and JAK2 proteins. In summary, apigenin could improve UA metabolism and attenuate renal injury through inhibiting UA production, promoting excretion, and suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in HUA mice. The results suggest that apigenin may be a suitable drug candidate for management of HUA and its associated renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yueyi Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meixi Lu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuan Dai
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yage Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hanfen Shi
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tianshu Xu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Kuru Bektaşoğlu P, Demir D, Koyuncuoğlu T, Yüksel M, Peker Eyüboğlu İ, Karagöz Köroğlu A, Akakın D, Yıldırım A, Çelikoğlu E, Gürer B. Possible anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of apigenin in the setting of mild traumatic brain injury: an investigation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 45:185-196. [PMID: 36168996 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2130076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apigenin is a plant flavone proven with biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. This study, it was aimed to examine the possible anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of apigenin in the setting of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) model. METHODS Wistar albino male rats were randomly assigned to groups: control (n = 9), TBI (n = 9), TBI + vehicle (n = 8), and TBI + Apigenin (20 and 40 mg/kg, immediately after trauma; n = 6 and n = 7). TBI was performed by dropping a 300 g weight from a height of 1 meter onto the skull under anesthesia. Neurological examination and tail suspension test applied before and 24 hours after trauma, as well as Y-maze and object recognition tests, after that rats were decapitated. In brain tissue, luminol- and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence levels and cytokine ELISA levels were measured. Histological damage was scored. Data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA. RESULTS After TBI, luminol (p < 0.001) and lucigenin (p < 0.001) levels increased, and luminol and lucigenin levels decreased with apigenin treatments (p < 0.01-0.001). The tail suspension test score increased with trauma (p < 0.01). According to the pre-traumatic values, the number of entrances to the arms (p < 0.01) in the Y-maze decreased after trauma (p < 0.01). In the object recognition test, discrimination (p < 0.05) and recognition indexes (p < 0.05) decreased with trauma. There was no significant difference among trauma apigenin groups in behavioral tests. Interleukin (IL)-10 levels, one of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, decreased with trauma (p < 0.05), and increased with 20 and 40 mg apigenin treatment (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The histological damage score in cortex were decreased in apigenin 20 mg treatment group significantly (p < 0.05), the decrease observed in apigenin 40 mg group was not significant. CONCLUSION The results of this study revelead that apigenin 20 and 40 mg treatment may have neuroprotective effects in mild TBI via decreasing the the level of luminol and lucigenin and increasing the IL-10 levels. Additionally, apigenin 20 mg treatment ameliorated the trauma-induced cortical tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dilan Demir
- University of Health Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Türkan Koyuncuoğlu
- Biruni University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Meral Yüksel
- Marmara University Vocational School of Health-Related Services, Department of Medical Laboratory, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - İrem Peker Eyüboğlu
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ayça Karagöz Köroğlu
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Dilek Akakın
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Alper Yıldırım
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Erhan Çelikoğlu
- University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Bora Gürer
- Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Türkiye
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24
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Germano C, Messina A, Tavella E, Vitale R, Avellis V, Barboni M, Attini R, Revelli A, Zola P, Manzoni P, Masturzo B. Fetal Brain Damage during Maternal COVID-19: Emerging Hypothesis, Mechanism, and Possible Mitigation through Maternal-Targeted Nutritional Supplementation. Nutrients 2022; 14:3303. [PMID: 36014809 PMCID: PMC9414753 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of the novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or CoV-2) pandemic in 2019 and the risk of CoV-2 infection during pregnancy led the scientific community to investigate the potential negative effects of Coronavirus infection on pregnancy outcomes and fetal development. In particular, as CoV-2 neurotropism has been demonstrated in adults, recent studies suggested a possible risk of fetal brain damage and fetal brain development impairment, with consequent psychiatric manifestations in offspring of mothers affected by COronaVIrus Disease (COVID) during pregnancy. Through the understanding of CoV-2's pathogenesis and the pathways responsible for cell damage, along with the available data about neurotropic virus attitudes, different strategies have been suggested to lower the risk of neurologic disease in newborns. In this regard, the role of nutrition in mitigating fetal damages related to oxidative stress and the inflammatory environment during viral infection has been investigated, and arginine, n3PUFA, vitamins B1 and B9, choline, and flavonoids were found to be promising in and out of pregnancy. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the mechanism of fetal brain damage and the impact of nutrition in reducing inflammation related to worse neurological outcomes in the context of CoV-2 infections during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Germano
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital “Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Messina
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Tavella
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaele Vitale
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Avellis
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Barboni
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Rossella Attini
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Revelli
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Zola
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Manzoni
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital “Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy
| | - Bianca Masturzo
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital “Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy
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25
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Yarim GF, Kazak F, Yarim M, Sozmen M, Genc B, Ertekin A, Gokceoglu A. Apigenin alleviates neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35698811 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2089136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of apigenin on inflammatory response in brain tissue in Parkinson's mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Parkinson's disease model was induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Sixty 8-10-weeks-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups control, Parkinson, prophylaxis, and treatment. Control (0.9% NaCl 0.5 ml, 10 days, i.p.), Parkinson (25 mg/kg MPTP, 5 days, i.p.), prophylaxis (50 mg/kg apigenin, 5 days + 25 mg/kg MPTP, 5 days, i.p.), and treatment (25 mg/kg MPTP, 5 days + 50 mg/kg apigenin, 5 days). The expressions and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) were determined using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis. RESULTS Apigenin administration attenuated MPTP-induced histopathological changes in brain tissue. Furthermore, apigenin reversed the changes in expressions and concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β. CONCLUSION This study suggests that apigenin could be used as a neuroprotective option to attenuate neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Fatma Yarim
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, Turkey
| | - Filiz Kazak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey
| | - Murat Yarim
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Sozmen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, Turkey
| | - Bugra Genc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Laboratory Animals, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, Turkey
| | - Ali Ertekin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, Turkey
| | - Ayris Gokceoglu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, Turkey
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26
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Zhou X, Venigalla M, Raju R, Münch G. Pharmacological considerations for treating neuroinflammation with curcumin in Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:755-771. [PMID: 35294663 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prof. Dr. Peter Riederer, the former Head of the Neurochemistry Department of the Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Clinic at the University of Würzburg (Germany), has been one of the pioneers of research into oxidative stress in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review will outline how his scientific contribution to the field has opened a new direction for AD treatment beyond "plaques and tangles". In the 1990s, Prof. Riederer was one of the first scientists who proposed oxidative stress and neuroinflammation as one of the major contributors to Alzheimer's disease, despite the overwhelming support for the "amyloid-only" hypothesis at the time, which postulated that the sole and only cause of AD is β-amyloid. His group also highlighted the role of advanced glycation end products, sugar and dicarbonyl-derived protein modifications, which crosslink proteins into insoluble aggregates and potent pro-inflammatory activators of microglia. For the treatment of chronic neuroinflammation, he and his group suggested that the most appropriate drug class would be cytokine-suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs (CSAIDs) which have a broader anti-inflammatory action range than conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. One of the most potent CSAIDs is curcumin, but it suffers from a variety of pharmacokinetic disadvantages including low bioavailability, which might have tainted many human clinical trials. Although a variety of oral formulations with increased bioavailability have been developed, curcumin's absorption after oral delivery is too low to reach therapeutic concentrations in the micromolar range in the systemic circulation and the brain. This review will conclude with evidence that rectally applied suppositories might be the best alternatives to oral medications, as this route will be able to evade first-pass metabolism in the liver and achieve high concentrations of curcumin in plasma and tissues, including the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, 158-160 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Madhuri Venigalla
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Ritesh Raju
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
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27
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Kuffner MTC, Koch SP, Kirchner M, Mueller S, Lips J, An J, Mertins P, Dirnagl U, Endres M, Boehm-Sturm P, Harms C, Hoffmann CJ. Paracrine Interleukin 6 Induces Cerebral Remodeling at Early Stages After Unilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:805095. [PMID: 35155612 PMCID: PMC8830347 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.805095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Carotid artery disease is frequent and can result in chronic modest hypoperfusion of the brain. If no transient ischemic attack or stroke occur, it is classified asymptomatic. In the long-term, though, it can lead to cognitive impairment. Fostering cerebral remodeling after carotid artery occlusion might be a new concept of treatment. Paracrine Interleukin 6 (IL-6) can induce such remodeling processes at early stages. However, it has neurodegenerative long-term effects. With this exploratory study, we investigated the effect of paracrine IL-6 on cerebral remodeling in early stages after asymptomatic carotid artery occlusion to identify new treatment targets. Methods and Results To mimic a human asymptomatic carotid artery disease, we used a mouse model of unilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion. We developed a mouse model for inducible paracrine cerebral IL-6 expression (Cx30-Cre-ERT2;FLEX-IL6) and induced IL-6 2 days after CCA occlusion. We studied the effects of paracrine IL-6 after CCA occlusion on neuronal connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging and on local proteome regulations of the hypo-perfused striatum and contralateral motor cortex using mass spectrometry of laser capture micro-dissected tissues. Paracrine IL-6 induced cerebral remodeling leading to increased inter-hemispheric connectivity and changes in motor system connectivity. We identified changes in local protein abundance which might have adverse effects on functional outcome such as upregulation of Synuclein gamma (Sncg) or downregulation of Proline Dehydrogenase 1 (Prodh). However, we also identified changes in local protein abundance having potentially beneficial effects such as upregulation of Caprin1 or downregulation of GABA transporter 1 (Gat1). Conclusions Paracrine cerebral IL-6 at early stages induces changes in motor system connectivity and the proteome after asymptomatic CCA occlusion. Our results may help to distinguish unfavorable from beneficial IL-6 dependent protein regulations. Focusing on these targets might generate new treatments to improve long-term outcome in patients with carotid artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie T. C. Kuffner
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan P. Koch
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janet Lips
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeehye An
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- QUEST Quality, Ethics, Open Science, Translation, Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Harms
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- Christoph Harms
| | - Christian J. Hoffmann
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian J. Hoffmann
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