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Sproten R, Nohr D, Guseva D. Nutritional strategies modulating the gut microbiome as a preventative and therapeutic approach in normal and pathological age-related cognitive decline: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical findings. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:1042-1057. [PMID: 38165747 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2296727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The proportion of the elderly population is on the rise across the globe, and with it the prevalence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The gut microbiota, whose composition is highly regulated by dietary intake, has emerged as an exciting research field in neurology due to its pivotal role in modulating brain functions via the gut-brain axis. OBJECTIVES We aimed at conducting a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies investigating the effects of dietary interventions on cognitive ageing in conjunction with changes in gut microbiota composition and functionality. METHODS PubMed and Scopus were searched using terms related to ageing, cognition, gut microbiota and dietary interventions. Studies were screened, selected based on previously determined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and evaluated for methodological quality using recommended risk of bias assessment tools. RESULTS A total of 32 studies (18 preclinical and 14 clinical) were selected for inclusion. We found that most of the animal studies showed significant positive intervention effects on cognitive behavior, while outcomes on cognition, microbiome features, and health parameters in humans were less pronounced. The effectiveness of dietary interventions depended markedly on the age, gender, degree of cognitive decline and baseline microbiome composition of participants. CONCLUSION To harness the full potential of microbiome-inspired nutrition for cognitive health, one of the main challenges remains to better understand the interplay between host, his microbiome, dietary exposures, whilst also taking into account environmental influences. Future research should aim toward making use of host-specific microbiome data to guide the development of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieke Sproten
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Donatus Nohr
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daria Guseva
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Chindo BA, Yakubu MI, Jimoh AA, Waziri PM, Abdullahi I, Ayuba GI, Becker A. Ficus platyphylla alleviates seizure severity and neurobehavioral comorbidities in pentylenetetrazole-kindled rats via modulation of oxidative stress. Brain Res 2024; 1838:148994. [PMID: 38729331 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
PTZ kindling induces oxidative stress, neuronal cell degeneration, and neurobehavioral alterations in rodents that mimic neuropsychiatric comorbidities of epilepsy, which could be initiated or aggravated by some antiepileptic drugs. Here, we investigated the effects of the methanol extract of Ficus platyphylla (FP) on severity scores for seizures, neuronal cell degeneration, and neurobehavioral alterations in rats kindled with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and probed the involvement of oxidative stress in these ameliorative effects of FP. FP (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) ameliorated seizure severity, neuronal cell degeneration, depressive behaviors, cognitive dysfunctions, and oxidative stress in rats kindled with PTZ (42.5 mg/kg, i.p.). The findings from this study give additional insights into the potential values of FP in the treatment of persistent epilepsy and major neuropsychiatric comorbidities via modulation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Chindo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.
| | - Musa I Yakubu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Abdulfatai A Jimoh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Peter M Waziri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Idris Abdullahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Godwin I Ayuba
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Axel Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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3
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Lana JV, Rios A, Takeyama R, Santos N, Pires L, Santos GS, Rodrigues IJ, Jeyaraman M, Purita J, Lana JF. Nebulized Glutathione as a Key Antioxidant for the Treatment of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Conditions. Nutrients 2024; 16:2476. [PMID: 39125356 PMCID: PMC11314501 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide synthesized intracellularly, serves as a pivotal antioxidant, neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) while maintaining redox homeostasis and detoxifying xenobiotics. Its potent antioxidant properties, particularly attributed to the sulfhydryl group (-SH) in cysteine, are crucial for cellular health across various organelles. The glutathione-glutathione disulfide (GSH-GSSG) cycle is facilitated by enzymes like glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), thus aiding in detoxification processes and mitigating oxidative damage and inflammation. Mitochondria, being primary sources of reactive oxygen species, benefit significantly from GSH, which regulates metal homeostasis and supports autophagy, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, playing a fundamental role in neuroprotection. The vulnerability of the brain to oxidative stress underscores the importance of GSH in neurological disorders and regenerative medicine. Nebulization of glutathione presents a novel and promising approach to delivering this antioxidant directly to the central nervous system (CNS), potentially enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. This method may offer significant advantages in mitigating neurodegeneration by enhancing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway signaling and mitochondrial function, thereby providing direct neuroprotection. By addressing oxidative stress and its detrimental effects on neuronal health, nebulized GSH could play a crucial role in managing and potentially ameliorating conditions such as Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Further clinical research is warranted to elucidate the therapeutic potential of nebulized GSH in preserving mitochondrial health, enhancing CNS function, and combating neurodegenerative conditions, aiming to improve outcomes for individuals affected by brain diseases characterized by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor Lana
- Medical School, Max Planck University Center (UniMAX), Indaiatuba 13343-060, SP, Brazil; (J.V.L.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Alexandre Rios
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.R.); (R.T.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.)
| | - Renata Takeyama
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.R.); (R.T.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.)
| | - Napoliane Santos
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.R.); (R.T.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.)
| | - Luyddy Pires
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.R.); (R.T.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.)
| | - Gabriel Silva Santos
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.R.); (R.T.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.)
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (M.J.); (J.P.)
| | - Izair Jefthé Rodrigues
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.R.); (R.T.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.)
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (M.J.); (J.P.)
- Department of Orthopedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Joseph Purita
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (M.J.); (J.P.)
| | - Jose Fábio Lana
- Medical School, Max Planck University Center (UniMAX), Indaiatuba 13343-060, SP, Brazil; (J.V.L.); (J.F.L.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.R.); (R.T.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.)
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (M.J.); (J.P.)
- Medical School, Jaguariúna University Center (UniFAJ), Jaguariúna 13918-110, SP, Brazil
- Clinical Research, Anna Vitória Lana Institute (IAVL), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil
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Ogunsuyi OB, Ogunruku OO, Umar HI, Oboh G. Effect of curcumin-donepezil combination on spatial memory, astrocyte activation, and cholinesterase expressions in brain of scopolamine-treated rats. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:864. [PMID: 39073463 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study investigated the effect of co-administration of curcumin and donepezil on several markers of cognitive function (such as spatial memory, astrocyte activation, cholinesterase expressions) in the brain cortex and hippocampus of scopolamine-treated rats. METHOD AND RESULTS For seven consecutive days, a pre-treatment of curcumin (50 mg/kg) and/or donepezil (2.5 mg/kg) was administered. On the seventh day, scopolamine (1 mg/kg) was administered to elicit cognitive impairment, 30 min before memory test was conducted. This was followed by evaluating changes in spatial memory, cholinesterase, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities, as well as nitric oxide (NO) level were determined. Additionally, RT-qPCR for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and cholinesterase gene expressions was performed in the brain cortex and hippocampus. Also, GFAP immunohistochemistry of the brain tissues for neuronal injury were performed in the brain cortex and hippocampus. In comparison to the control group, rats given scopolamine had impaired memory, higher levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and ADA activities, as well as elevated markers of oxidative stress. In addition to enhanced GFAP immunoreactivity, there was also overexpression of the GFAP and BChE genes in the brain tissues. The combination of curcumin and donepezil was, however, observed to better ameliorate these impairments in comparison to the donepezil-administered rat group. CONCLUSION Hence, this evidence provides more mechanisms to support the hypothesis that the concurrent administration of curcumin and donepezil mitigates markers of cognitive dysfunction in scopolamine-treated rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Babatunde Ogunsuyi
- Department of Biomedical Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
- Drosophila Research Lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
| | | | - Haruna Isiyaku Umar
- Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Drosophila Research Lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Zajdel K, Sztandera W, Zajdel R. Genus Sambucus: Exploring Its Potential as a Functional Food Ingredient with Neuroprotective Properties Mediated by Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7843. [PMID: 39063085 PMCID: PMC11277136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Sambucus, mainly Sambucus nigra, has emerged as a valuable source of bioactive compounds with potential neuroprotective properties. This review explores the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroregenerative effects of Sambucus-derived compounds and their implications for brain health and cognitive function. In vitro studies have demonstrated the ability of Sambucus extracts to mitigate oxidative stress, modulate inflammatory responses, and promote neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. In vivo studies using animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, have shown that Sambucus compounds can improve cognitive function, motor performance, and neuronal survival while attenuating neuroinflammation and oxidative damage. The neuroprotective effects of Sambucus are primarily attributed to its rich content of polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, which exert their benefits through multiple mechanisms, including the modulation of signaling pathways involved in inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the potential of Sambucus as a functional food ingredient is discussed, highlighting its application in various food products and the challenges associated with the stability and bioavailability of its bioactive compounds. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on the neuroprotective potential of Sambucus and its derivatives, offering valuable insights for the development of dietary strategies to promote brain health and prevent age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-725 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Wiktoria Sztandera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland;
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Zhang Y, Jiang J, Yin D. Impact of food insecurity on cognitive health in older adults: insights from the NHANES 2011-2014 data. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1421970. [PMID: 39021595 PMCID: PMC11252057 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1421970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the relationship between food insecurity and cognitive decline among elderly Americans. Methods Utilizing NHANES 2011-2014 data, we examined cognitive function via the Immediate Recall Test (IRT), Delayed Recall Test (DRT), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and assessed food security through the US Food Security Survey Module. Multiple regression models were used to adjust for demographic and health variables. Results Food insecurity demonstrated a significant association with lower cognitive function scores. The effects of food insecurity on cognitive function were moderated by factors such as smoking and alcohol use, indicating a direct influence of food insecurity on cognitive decline. Conclusion This study underscores the importance of food security for cognitive health in the elderly and advocates for targeted interventions to address nutritional disparities and enhance cognitive functioning in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - JiaWen Jiang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dekun Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Funing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
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Khazani H, Jalali Kondori B, Sahraei H, Meftahi GH. Terminalia chebula attenuates restraint stress-induced memory impairment and synaptic loss in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala by inhibiting oxidative damage. Brain Res Bull 2024; 213:110975. [PMID: 38734185 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Chronic restraint stress induces cognitive abnormalities through changes in synapses and oxidant levels in the amygdala and hippocampus. Given the neuroprotective effects of fruit of Terminalia chebula (Halileh) in different experimental models, the present investigation aimed to address whether Terminalia chebula is able to reduce chronic restraint stress-induced behavioral, synaptic and oxidant markers in the rat model. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control (did not receive any treatment and were not exposed to stress), stress (restraint stress for 2 h a day for 14 consecutive days), Terminalia chebula (received 200 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula), and stress + Terminalia chebula groups (received 200 mg/kg extract of Terminalia chebula twenty minutes before stress) (n = 8 in each group). We used the shuttle box test to assess learning and memory, Golgi-Cox staining to examine dendritic spine density in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus and the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) in the brain. The shuttle box test results demonstrated that Terminalia chebula treatment had a profound positive effect on memory parameters, including step-through latency (STL) and time spent in the dark room, when compared to the stress group. Daily oral treatment with Terminalia chebula effectively suppressed the loss of neural spine density in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus and the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala caused by chronic restraint stress, as demonstrated by Golgi-Cox staining. Additionally, the results indicate that Terminalia chebula significantly reduced the TOS and increased TAC in the brain compared to the stress group. In conclusion, our results suggest that Terminalia chebula improved memory impairment and synaptic loss in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala induced by restraint stress via inhibiting oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Khazani
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Jalali Kondori
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Sahraei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Meftahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Anwar S, Alrumaihi F, Sarwar T, Babiker AY, Khan AA, Prabhu SV, Rahmani AH. Exploring Therapeutic Potential of Catalase: Strategies in Disease Prevention and Management. Biomolecules 2024; 14:697. [PMID: 38927099 PMCID: PMC11201554 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant defense mechanisms play a critical role in mitigating the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase stands out as a paramount enzymatic antioxidant. It efficiently catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen, a potentially harmful byproduct of cellular metabolism. This reaction detoxifies H2O2 and prevents oxidative damage. Catalase has been extensively studied as a therapeutic antioxidant. Its applications range from direct supplementation in conditions characterized by oxidative stress to gene therapy approaches to enhance endogenous catalase activity. The enzyme's stability, bioavailability, and the specificity of its delivery to target tissues are significant hurdles. Furthermore, studies employing conventional catalase formulations often face issues related to enzyme purity, activity, and longevity in the biological milieu. Addressing these challenges necessitates rigorous scientific inquiry and well-designed clinical trials. Such trials must be underpinned by sound experimental designs, incorporating advanced catalase formulations or novel delivery systems that can overcome existing limitations. Enhancing catalase's stability, specificity, and longevity in vivo could unlock its full therapeutic potential. It is necessary to understand the role of catalase in disease-specific contexts, paving the way for precision antioxidant therapy that could significantly impact the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehwaz Anwar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Mohan Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Sciences, Mohan Group of Institutions, Bareilly 243302, India;
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarique Sarwar
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Yousif Babiker
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sitrarasu Vijaya Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirapalli 620001, India;
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Arsecularatne A, Kapini R, Liu Y, Chang D, Münch G, Zhou X. Combination Therapy for Sustainable Fish Oil Products: Improving Cognitive Function with n-3 PUFA and Natural Ingredients. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1237. [PMID: 38927446 PMCID: PMC11201817 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are recommended as beneficial dietary supplements for enhancing cognitive function. Although fish oil (FO) is renowned for its abundant n-3 PUFA content, combining FO with other natural products is considered as a viable option to support the sustainable development of FO products. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights into the advanced effects of combining FO or its components of DHA and EPA with natural products on protecting cognitive function. In two double-blind random control trials, no advanced effects were observed for adding curcumin to FO on cerebral function protection. However, 16 week's treatment of FO combined with vitamin E did not yield any advanced effects in cognitive factor scores. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that combinations of FO with natural products can exhibit advanced effects in addressing pathological components in cognitive impairment, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal survival. In conclusion, evidence from clinical trials for beneficial use of FO and natural ingredients combination is lacking. Greater cohesion is needed between preclinical and clinical data to substantiate the efficacy of FO and natural product combinations in preventing or slowing the progression of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Arsecularatne
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.A.); (R.K.); (D.C.); (G.M.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Rotina Kapini
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.A.); (R.K.); (D.C.); (G.M.)
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Paramatta, NSW 2150, Australia
| | - Yang Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.A.); (R.K.); (D.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.A.); (R.K.); (D.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Gerald Münch
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.A.); (R.K.); (D.C.); (G.M.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.A.); (R.K.); (D.C.); (G.M.)
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Wattanathorn J, Thukham-Mee W. Omega-3-Rich Tuna Oil Derived from By-Products of the Canned Tuna Industry Enhances Memory in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Menopause. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:637. [PMID: 38929077 PMCID: PMC11201088 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To increase the value of the by-products of the canned tuna industry, the memory enhancement effect and the possible mechanisms of omega-3-rich tuna oil in bilateral ovariectomized (OVX) rats were assessed. Female rats were orally given tuna oil at doses of 140, 200, and 250 mg/kg of body weight (BW) for 28 days before OVX and for 21 days continually after OVX. Memory performance was assessed every week, whereas the parameters regarding mechanisms of action were assessed at the end of the study. All doses of tuna oil enhanced memory, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities but decreased cortisol, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Medium and high doses of tuna oil suppressed monoamine oxidase (MAO) but increased eNOS activity. A high dose of tuna oil suppressed gamma-aminotransferase (GABA-T) but increased glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and sirtuin-1. A medium dose of tuna oil decreased homocysteine (Hcys) and C-reactive protein. No change in telomere or estradiol was observed in this study. Our results suggest the memory-enhancing effect of tuna oil in an OVX rat model of menopause. The main mechanisms may involve a reduction in oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotransmitter regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Research Institute for High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wipawee Thukham-Mee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Research Institute for High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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11
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Zwilling CE, Wu J, Barbey AK. Investigating nutrient biomarkers of healthy brain aging: a multimodal brain imaging study. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:27. [PMID: 38773079 PMCID: PMC11109270 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The emerging field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience aims to uncover specific foods and nutrients that promote healthy brain aging. Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be targeted in nutritional interventions designed to promote brain health with respect to multimodal neuroimaging measures of brain structure, function, and metabolism. The present study therefore conducted one of the largest and most comprehensive nutrient biomarker studies examining multimodal neuroimaging measures of brain health within a sample of 100 older adults. To assess brain health, a comprehensive battery of well-established cognitive and brain imaging measures was administered, along with 13 blood-based biomarkers of diet and nutrition. The findings of this study revealed distinct patterns of aging, categorized into two phenotypes of brain health based on hierarchical clustering. One phenotype demonstrated an accelerated rate of aging, while the other exhibited slower-than-expected aging. A t-test analysis of dietary biomarkers that distinguished these phenotypes revealed a nutrient profile with higher concentrations of specific fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins. Study participants with this nutrient profile demonstrated better cognitive scores and delayed brain aging, as determined by a t-test of the means. Notably, participant characteristics such as demographics, fitness levels, and anthropometrics did not account for the observed differences in brain aging. Therefore, the nutrient pattern identified by the present study motivates the design of neuroscience-guided dietary interventions to promote healthy brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Zwilling
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jisheng Wu
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Aron K Barbey
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Zhu Y, Zhu F, Guo X, Huang S, Yang Y, Zhang Q. Appendicular lean mass and the risk of stroke and Alzheimer's disease: a mendelian randomization study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:438. [PMID: 38762444 PMCID: PMC11102192 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appendicular lean mass (ALM) is a good predictive biomarker for sarcopenia. And previous studies have reported the association between ALM and stroke or Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, the causal relationship is still unclear, The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether genetically predicted ALM is causally associated with the risk of stroke and AD by performing Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. METHODS A two-sample MR study was designed. Genetic variants associated with the ALM were obtained from a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) and utilized as instrumental variables (IVs). Summary-level data for stroke and AD were generated from the corresponding GWASs. We used random-effect inverse-variance weighted (IVW) as the main method for estimating causal effects, complemented by several sensitivity analyses, including the weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) methods. Multivariable analysis was further conducted to adjust for confounding factors, including body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), low density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C), and atrial fibrillation (AF). RESULTS The present MR study indicated significant inverse associations of genetically predicted ALM with any ischemic stroke ([AIS], odds ratio [OR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89-0.97; P = 0.002) and AD (OR, 090; 95% CI 0.85-0.96; P = 0.001). Regarding the subtypes of AIS, genetically predicted ALM was related to the risk of large artery stroke ([LAS], OR, 0.86; 95% CI 0.77-0.95; P = 0.005) and small vessel stroke ([SVS], OR, 0.80; 95% CI 0.73-0.89; P < 0.001). Regarding multivariable MR analysis, ALM retained the stable effect on AIS when adjusting for BMI, LDL-C, and AF, while a suggestive association was observed after adjusting for T2DM. And the estimated effect of ALM on LAS was significant after adjustment for BMI and AF, while a suggestive association was found after adjusting for T2DM and LDL-C. Besides, the estimated effects of ALM were still significant on SVS and AD after adjustment for BMI, T2DM, LDL-C, and AF. CONCLUSIONS The two-sample MR analysis indicated that genetically predicted ALM was negatively related to AIS and AD. And the subgroup analysis of AIS revealed a negative causal effect of genetically predicted ALM on LAS or SVS. Future studies are required to further investigate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shunmei Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunmei Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Yoon KN, Cui Y, Quan QL, Lee DH, Oh JH, Chung JH. Tomato and lemon extracts synergistically improve cognitive function by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in aged mice. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1105-1114. [PMID: 38016800 PMCID: PMC10918522 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Brain ageing, the primary risk factor for cognitive impairment, occurs because of the accumulation of age-related neuropathologies. Identifying effective nutrients that increase cognitive function may help maintain brain health. Tomatoes and lemons have various bioactive functions and exert protective effects against oxidative stress, ageing and cancer. Moreover, they have been shown to enhance cognitive function. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of tomato and lemon ethanolic extracts (TEE and LEE, respectively) and their possible synergistic effects on the enhancement of cognitive function and neurogenesis in aged mice. The molecular mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of TEE and LEE were investigated. For the in vivo experiment, TEE, LEE or their mixture was orally administered to 12-month-old mice for 9 weeks. A single administration of either TEE or LEE improved cognitive function and neurogenesis in aged mice to some extent, as determined using the novel object recognition test and doublecortin immunohistochemical staining, respectively. However, a significant enhancement of cognitive function and neurogenesis in aged mice was observed after the administration of the TEE + LEE mixture, which had a synergistic effect. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 2B, postsynaptic density protein 95, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation also synergistically increased after the administration of the mixture compared with those in the individual treatments. In conclusion, compared with their separate treatments, treatment with the TEE + LEE mixture synergistically improved the cognitive function, neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in aged mice via the BDNF/TrkB/ERK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-No Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yidan Cui
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Qing-Ling Quan
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Oh
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kong J, Fan R, Zhang Y, Jia Z, Zhang J, Pan H, Wang Q. Oxidative stress in the brain-lung crosstalk: cellular and molecular perspectives. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1389454. [PMID: 38633980 PMCID: PMC11021774 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1389454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to counteract their harmful effects, playing a key role in the pathogenesis of brain and lung-related diseases. This review comprehensively examines the intricate mechanisms by which oxidative stress influences cellular and molecular pathways, contributing to neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and respiratory disorders. Emphasizing the detrimental effects on both brain and lung health, we discuss innovative diagnostic biomarkers, such as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and the potential of antioxidant therapies. For these topics, we provide insights into future research directions in the field of oxidative stress treatment, including the development of personalized treatment approaches, the discovery and validation of novel biomarkers, and the development of new drug delivery systems. This review not only provides a new perspective on understanding the role of oxidative stress in brain and lung-related diseases but also offers new insights for future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianda Kong
- College of Sports Science, Qufu Normal University, Jining, China
| | - Rao Fan
- College of Sports Science, Qufu Normal University, Jining, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhang
- College of Sports Science, Qufu Normal University, Jining, China
| | - Zixuan Jia
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Huixin Pan
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Qinglu Wang
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
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15
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Tröltzsch M. Editorial: Immunological processes in maxillofacial bone pathology. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1394835. [PMID: 38545105 PMCID: PMC10965781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Tröltzsch
- Center for Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Reconstructive Surgery, Ansbach, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Muhammad A, Hamman LL, Chiroma SM, Attah MOO, Dibal NI. Adansonia digitata L. Stem Bark Attenuates Epileptic Seizure, Depression, and Neurodegeneration by Mediating GABA and Glutamate in Pentylenetetrazol-Kindled Rats. J Pharmacopuncture 2023; 26:327-337. [PMID: 38162471 PMCID: PMC10739472 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2023.26.4.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by repeated seizures attributable to synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. The study evaluated the effect of acetone extract of Adansonia digitata stem bark (ASBE) on seizure score, cognition, depression, and neurodegeneration as well as the level of Gamma-Aminobutyrate acid (GABA) and glutamate in Pentylenetetrazol-kindled rats. Methods Thirty-five rats were assigned into five groups (n = 7). Groups 1-2 received normal saline and 35 mg/kg PTZ every other day. Groups 3-4 received 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg ASBE orally while group 5 received 5 mg/kg diazepam daily for twenty-six days. Group 3-5 received PTZ every other day, 30 mins after ASBE and diazepam. Results The results showed that Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induces seizure, reduces mobility time in force swim test and decreases the normal cell number in the brain. It also significantly decreases (p < 0.05) catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione activities compared to the ASBE pre-treated rats. Pre-treatment with ASBE reportedly decreases seizure activities significantly (p < 0.05) and increases mobility time in the force swim test. ASBE also significantly elevate (p < 0.05) the normal cell number in the hippocampus, temporal lobe, and dentate gyrus. Conclusion ASBE reduced seizure activity and prevented depression in PTZ-treated rats. It also prevented neurodegeneration by regulating glutamate and GABA levels in the brain as well as preventing lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Muhammad
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | - Samaila Musa Chiroma
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Anatomy Working Group, Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Martha Orendu Oche Attah
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Faculty of Medicine, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nathan Isaac Dibal
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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Mahnashi MH, Ayaz M, Alqahtani YS, Alyami BA, Shahid M, Alqahtani O, Kabrah SM, Zeb A, Ullah F, Sadiq A. Quantitative-HPLC-DAD polyphenols analysis, anxiolytic and cognition enhancing potentials of Sorbaria tomentosa Lindl. Rehder. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116786. [PMID: 37328081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants of the family Rosaceae have a long history of traditional uses in the management of neurological disorders. Sorbaria tomentosa Lindl. Rehder is composed of antioxidant and neuroprotective polyphenolics. AIMS OF THE STUDY The current study was designed to explore phenolics profile via high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and validated the neuroprotective and anxiolytic potentials of S. tomentosa by applying in vitro and in vivo approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS The plant crude methanolic extract (St.Crm) and fractions were subjected to HPLC-DAD analysis for qualitative and quantitative assessment of phytochemicals. Samples were screened for in vitro free radicals scavenging assays by using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes inhibition assays. For cognitive and anxiolytic studies, mice were subjected to open field, elevated plus maze (EPM), light-dark model, Y-maze, shallow water maze (SWM), and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. RESULTS HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of high concentrations of phenolic compounds. For instance, in St.Cr, 21 phenolics were quantified, among which apigenin-7-glucoside (291.6 mg/g), quercetin (122.1 mg/g), quercetin-3-feruloylsophoroside-7-glucoside (52.6 mg/g), quercetin-7-glucoside (51.8 mg/g), ellagic acid (42.7 mg/g), luteolin (45.0 mg/g), kaempferol (40.5 mg/g), 5-feruloylquinic acid (43.7 mg/g) were present in higher concentrations. Likewise, in ethyl acetate fraction (St.Et.Ac), 21 phenolics were identified as 3,5-di-caffeoylquinic acid (177.4 mg/g) and 5-hydroxybenzoylquinic acid (46.9 mg/g) were most abundant phytochemicals. Highly valuable phenolics were also identified in other fractions including butanol (St.Bt), chloroform (St.Chf), and n-hexane (St.Hex). The various fractions exhibited concentration dependent inhibition of free radicals in DPPH and ABTS assays. Potent AChE inhibitory potentials were revealed by the test samples with St.Chf, St.Bt and St.EtAc being the most active having an IC50 of 298.1, 580.1, and 606.47 μg mL-1, respectively. Similarly, St.Chf, St.Bt, St.EtAc and St.Cr exhibited potent BChE inhibitory activity and was observed as 59.14, 54.73, 51.35 and 49.44%, respectively. A significant improvement in the exploratory behavior was observed in open field test and stress/anxiety was relieved effectively at 50-100 mg/kg. Likewise, EPM, light-dark and NOR tests revealed an anxiolytic and memory enhancing behaviors. These effects were further corroborated from the Y-maze and SWM transgenic studies that showed considerable improvement in cognition retention. CONCLUSIONS These findings concluded that S. tomentosa possessed potential anxiolytic and nootropic efficacies and may have therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mater H Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000, Dir (L), KP, Pakistan.
| | - Yahya S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bandar A Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Omaish Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saeed M Kabrah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alam Zeb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000, Dir (L), KP, Pakistan.
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000, Dir (L), KP, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000, Dir (L), KP, Pakistan.
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Patel J, Shah V, Lo DF. Association between selenium intake and cognitive function among older adults in the US: a critical analysis. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e105. [PMID: 38415241 PMCID: PMC10897508 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janki Patel
- Lumina Institute of Research, Cream Ridge, NJ, USA
- Department of Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Vrushank Shah
- Lumina Institute of Research, Cream Ridge, NJ, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - David F. Lo
- Lumina Institute of Research, Cream Ridge, NJ, USA
- Department of Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Scarfò G, Daniele S, Chelucci E, Rizza A, Fusi J, Freggia G, Costa B, Taliani S, Artini P, Martini C, Franzoni F. Regular exercise delays microvascular endothelial dysfunction by regulating antioxidant capacity and cellular metabolism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17671. [PMID: 37848614 PMCID: PMC10582030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the basis for several unfavorable conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this sense, regular physical activity (regular PA) has been proven to delay cellular aging and prevent endothelial dysfunction related to CVDs. Despite numerous studies involving athletes, little is known about cellular and molecular mechanisms of regular PA among master athletes. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of regular PA on local microcirculatory functions in elderly athletes as compared to age-matched sedentary controls. Moreover, molecular/epigenetic mechanisms (nitric oxide, oxidative stress, PGC-1α, SIRT1 and miR29) were also assessed. The results of the present study showed that regular PA significantly increased local blood flow in post-ischemia and post-heating conditions, as well as NO plasma concentrations, denoting a better endothelial function/microcirculatory efficiency. Moreover, athletes presented a greater plasma antioxidant and increased transcriptional levels of the metabolism regulator PGC-1α. Finally, regular PA enhanced plasma level of SIRT1 and miR29, suggested as epigenetic regulators of redox balance and cellular metabolism. In addition, stimulated local blood flow was directly related to plasma antioxidant capacity, and SIRT1 and miR29 levels. Overall, our data confirm the beneficial effects of regular PA on the cardiovascular profile in elderly athletes and shed light on molecular signals involved in the positive adaptations to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Scarfò
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Antonio Rizza
- Interventional Cardiology Division, Gaetano Pasquinucci Heart Hospital, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 54100, Massa, Italy
| | - Jonathan Fusi
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Freggia
- Cardiology Unit, Gaetano Pasquinucci Heart Hospital, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 54100, Massa, Italy
| | - Barbara Costa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Artini
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Al-Mazidi SH. The Physiology of Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Current and Future Challenges. Cureus 2023; 15:e46581. [PMID: 37808604 PMCID: PMC10557542 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is among the most challenging characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although ASD is one of the common neurodevelopmental disorders, we are still behind in diagnosing and treating cognitive impairment in ASD. Cognitive impairment in ASD varies, meaning it could be at the sensory perception level to cognitive processing, learning, and memory. There are no diagnostic criteria for cognitive impairment that are specific to ASD. The leading causes of cognitive impairment in ASD could be neurological, immune, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Immune dysfunction might lead to neuroinflammation, affecting neural connectivity, glutamate/gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) balance, and plasticity. The gut-brain axes are essential in the developing brain. Special retinal changes have recently been detected in ASD, which need clinical investigation to find their possible role in early diagnosis. Early intervention is crucial for ASD cognitive dysfunction. Due to the heterogeneity of the disease, the clinical manifestation of ASD makes it difficult for clinicians to develop gold-standard diagnostic and therapeutic criteria. We suggest a triad for diagnosis, which includes clinical tests for immune and gastrointestinal dysfunction biomarkers, clinical examination for the retina, and an objective neurocognitive evaluation for ASD, and to develop a treatment strategy involving these three aspects. Developing clear treatment criteria for cognitive impairment for ASD would improve the quality of life of ASD people and their caregivers and would delay or prevent dementia-related disorders in ASD people.
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Collyer E, Blanco-Suarez E. Astrocytes in stroke-induced neurodegeneration: a timeline. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2023; 3:1240862. [PMID: 39086680 PMCID: PMC11285566 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2023.1240862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is a condition characterized by sudden deprivation of blood flow to a brain region and defined by different post-injury phases, which involve various molecular and cellular cascades. At an early stage during the acute phase, fast initial cell death occurs, followed by inflammation and scarring. This is followed by a sub-acute or recovery phase when endogenous plasticity mechanisms may promote spontaneous recovery, depending on various factors that are yet to be completely understood. At later time points, stroke leads to greater neurodegeneration compared to healthy controls in both clinical and preclinical studies, this is evident during the chronic phase when recovery slows down and neurodegenerative signatures appear. Astrocytes have been studied in the context of ischemic stroke due to their role in glutamate re-uptake, as components of the neurovascular unit, as building blocks of the glial scar, and synaptic plasticity regulators. All these roles render astrocytes interesting, yet understudied players in the context of stroke-induced neurodegeneration. With this review, we provide a summary of previous research, highlight astrocytes as potential therapeutic targets, and formulate questions about the role of astrocytes in the mechanisms during the acute, sub-acute, and chronic post-stroke phases that may lead to neurorestoration or neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Blanco-Suarez
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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22
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AbdElrazek DA, Ibrahim MA, Hassan NH, Hassanen EI, Farroh KY, Abass HI. Neuroprotective effect of quercetin and nano-quercetin against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain: Role of Nrf2/ HO-1/Keap-1 signaling pathway. Neurotoxicology 2023; 98:16-28. [PMID: 37419146 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin (Qu) is a powerful flavanol antioxidant that is naturally found in plants and is part of the flavonoid family. Qu has a wide range of biological properties, such as neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and radical scavenging capabilities. However, the in vivo application of Qu is limited by its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. These issues could be addressed by utilizing Qu nanoformulations. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent that causes severe neuronal damage and cognitive impairment due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. The present study aimed to explore the proposed neuroprotective mechanism of quercetin (Qu) and quercetin-loaded Chitosan nanoparticles (Qu-Ch NPs) against the brain oxidative damage induced by CP in male albino rats. For this aim, thirty-six adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6). Rats were pretreated with Qu and Qu-Ch NPs orally in doses of 10 mg/kg bwt/day for 2 weeks, and CP (75 mg/kg bwt) was administered intraperitoneally 24 h before the termination of the experiment. After 2 weeks, some neurobehavioral parameters were evaluated, and then euthanization was done to collect the brain and blood samples. Results showed that CP induces neurobehavioral deteriorations and impaired brain neurochemical status demonstrated by a significant decrease in brain glutathione (GSH), serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and serotonin (5-HT) levels while malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and choline esterase (ChE) concentrations increased significantly compared to the control group. Pretreatment with Qu and Qu-Ch NPs showed a significant anti-oxidative, anti-depressive, and neuroprotective effect through modification of the above-mentioned parameters. The results were further validated by assessing the expression levels of selected genes in brain homogenates and histopathological investigations were done to pinpoint the exact brain-altered regions. It could be concluded that Qu and Qu-Ch NPs can be useful neuroprotective adjunct therapy to overcome neurochemical damage induced by CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A AbdElrazek
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Neven H Hassan
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman I Hassanen
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Khaled Y Farroh
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - H I Abass
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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23
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Llido JP, Jayanti S, Tiribelli C, Gazzin S. Bilirubin and Redox Stress in Age-Related Brain Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1525. [PMID: 37627520 PMCID: PMC10451892 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular redox status has a crucial role in brain physiology, as well as in pathologic conditions. Physiologic senescence, by dysregulating cellular redox homeostasis and decreasing antioxidant defenses, enhances the central nervous system's susceptibility to diseases. The reduction of free radical accumulation through lifestyle changes, and the supplementation of antioxidants as a prophylactic and therapeutic approach to increase brain health, are strongly suggested. Bilirubin is a powerful endogenous antioxidant, with more and more recognized roles as a biomarker of disease resistance, a predictor of all-cause mortality, and a molecule that may promote health in adults. The alteration of the expression and activity of the enzymes involved in bilirubin production, as well as an altered blood bilirubin level, are often reported in neurologic conditions and neurodegenerative diseases (together denoted NCDs) in aging. These changes may predict or contribute both positively and negatively to the diseases. Understanding the role of bilirubin in the onset and progression of NCDs will be functional to consider the benefits vs. the drawbacks and to hypothesize the best strategies for its manipulation for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Llido
- Liver Brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (J.P.L.); or (S.J.); (S.G.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Bicutan, Taguig City 1631, Philippines
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sri Jayanti
- Liver Brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (J.P.L.); or (S.J.); (S.G.)
- Eijkman Research Centre for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Liver Brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (J.P.L.); or (S.J.); (S.G.)
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Liver Brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (J.P.L.); or (S.J.); (S.G.)
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24
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Shilpa VS, Shams R, Dash KK, Pandey VK, Dar AH, Ayaz Mukarram S, Harsányi E, Kovács B. Phytochemical Properties, Extraction, and Pharmacological Benefits of Naringin: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5623. [PMID: 37570594 PMCID: PMC10419872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the various innovative approaches implemented for naringin extraction as well as the recent developments in the field. Naringin was assessed in terms of its structure, chemical composition, and potential food sources. How naringin works pharmacologically was discussed, including its potential as an anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective substance. Citrus flavonoids are crucial herbal additives that have a huge spectrum of organic activities. Naringin is a nutritional flavanone glycoside that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of a few chronic disorders associated with ageing. Citrus fruits contain a common flavone glycoside that has specific pharmacological and biological properties. Naringin, a flavone glycoside with a range of intriguing characteristics, is abundant in citrus fruits. Naringin has been shown to have a variety of biological, medicinal, and pharmacological effects. Naringin is hydrolyzed into rhamnose and prunin by the naringinase, which also possesses l-rhamnosidase activity. D-glucosidase subsequently catalyzes the hydrolysis of prunin into glucose and naringenin. Naringin is known for having anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and tumor-fighting effects. Numerous test animals and cell lines have been used to correlate naringin exposure to asthma, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, cancer, hyperthyroidism, and osteoporosis. This study focused on the many documented actions of naringin in in-vitro and in-vivo experimental and preclinical investigations, as well as its prospective therapeutic advantages, utilizing the information that is presently accessible in the literature. In addition to its pharmacokinetic characteristics, naringin's structure, distribution, different extraction methods, and potential use in the cosmetic, food, pharmaceutical, and animal feed sectors were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- VS Shilpa
- Department of Food Technology & Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India
| | - Rafeeya Shams
- Department of Food Technology & Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India
| | - Kshirod Kumar Dash
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology Malda, Malda 732141, West Bengal, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Axis Institute of Higher Education, Kanpur 209402, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aamir Hussain Dar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora 192122, Kashmir, India
| | - Shaikh Ayaz Mukarram
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Endre Harsányi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, Institute of Land Utilization, Engineering and Precision Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Kovács
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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25
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Gaspar-Silva F, Trigo D, Magalhaes J. Ageing in the brain: mechanisms and rejuvenating strategies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:190. [PMID: 37354261 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is characterized by the progressive loss of cellular homeostasis, leading to an overall decline of the organism's fitness. In the brain, ageing is highly associated with cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. With the rise in life expectancy, characterizing the brain ageing process becomes fundamental for developing therapeutic interventions against the increased incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases and to aim for an increase in human life span and, more importantly, health span. In this review, we start by introducing the molecular/cellular hallmarks associated with brain ageing and their impact on brain cell populations. Subsequently, we assess emerging evidence on how systemic ageing translates into brain ageing. Finally, we revisit the mainstream and the novel rejuvenating strategies, discussing the most successful ones in delaying brain ageing and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Gaspar-Silva
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Trigo
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Magalhaes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
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26
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Mohamed AM, Ali DA, Kolieb E, Abdelaziz EZ. Ceftriaxone and selenium mitigate seizures and neuronal injury in pentylenetetrazole-kindled rats: Oxidative stress and inflammatory pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110304. [PMID: 37224649 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most serious worldwide neurological disorders that lead to the cognitive-psychosocial insults in recurrent seizures. About one third of the patients are drug-resistant, so innovative drugs are needed to manage seizures to improve the quality of life. Ceftriaxone is a cephalosporin antibiotic that increases the expression of glutamate transporters-1 and improves the neurobehavioral effects caused by increased glutamate level in the CNS. Selenium is well known antioxidant. The present study aimed to investigate ceftriaxone and selenium therapeutic effects against epilepsy in rats. Epilepsy was induced by PTZ given at a dose (50 mg/kg I.P) on alternative days for 13 days. Eighty rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: Group1-2; normal and vehicle control, Group 3; PTZ group, Group 4-8; kindled rats received selenium, ceftriaxone100, ceftriaxone200, selenium + ceftriaxone100 and selenium + ceftriaxone200 mg/kg/day respectively for a week. At the end of the study, behavioral tests were performed. Oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, neurotransmitters and GLT-1 were measured in brain tissue homogenate. Brain histopathological investigation was also done. PTZ-kindled rats exhibited increased Racine score, besides behavioral tests and histopathological changes, significant elevation in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, with decrease in serotonin, dopamine, GABA levels and GLT-1 expressions. Selenium and Ceftriaxone alone or combined treatment decreased Racine score with remarkable improvement in behavioral and histopathological changes. The antioxidant enzymes, neurotransmitters and GLT-1 expressions were increased, along with reduced TNF-α, IL-1 levels. Current study showed that selenium + ceftriaxone100 group represents a possible approach to improve epilepsy particularly through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Dina A Ali
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Eman Kolieb
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Eman Z Abdelaziz
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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27
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Pruneti C, Guidotti S. Need for Multidimensional and Multidisciplinary Management of Depressed Preadolescents and Adolescents: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials on Oral Supplementations (Omega-3, Fish Oil, Vitamin D 3). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102306. [PMID: 37242190 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Depression is a serious health problem with a high cost for public administration. Epidemiological studies report that one in five children have a mental disorder and about 50% of mental health problems exacerbate in childhood and adolescence. Moreover, the antidepressant efficacy in children and adolescents is poorly demonstrated and can cause severe behavioral adverse events such as suicidal ideation. (2) Methods: This systematic literature review examined oral supplementations (Omega-3, fish oil, Vitamin D3) to treat depressed children, preadolescents, and adolescents. MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and PsycInfo were searched for articles published in the last five years. Six studies met the eligibility criteria. The inclusion criteria encompassed children, preadolescents, and adolescents, a diagnosis of depression, and an intervention of oral supplementations such as Omega-3, fish oil, and Vitamin D3. (3) Results: Most of the studies demonstrated that dietary intervention provides positive outcomes in terms of depression symptoms. (4) Conclusions: Overall, the results demonstrate a positive effect for oral supplementation suggesting an increase intake of Omega-3, fish oil, and Vitamin D3. However, only a few studies assess the effectiveness of diet recommendations, as a monotherapy or combined treatment, for the management of depression at developmental ages. Thus, there is still a need to further investigate these aspects and to look more specifically at adolescents and preadolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pruneti
- Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychophysiology, and Clinical Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Guidotti
- Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychophysiology, and Clinical Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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28
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Safari S, Mirazi N, Ahmadi N, Asadbegi M, Nourian A, Ghaderi S, Rashno M, Komaki A. The Protective Effects of Policosanol on Learning and Memory Impairments in a Male Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2507-2519. [PMID: 36680733 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive performance and memory formation. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of policosanol (PCO) on cognitive function, oxidative-antioxidative status, and amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque formation in an AD rat model induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ1-40. Healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: control, sham (5 μL, ICV injection of phosphate-buffered saline), AD model (5 μL, ICV injection of Aβ), acacia gum (50 mg/kg, 8 weeks, gavage), PCO (50 mg/kg, 8 weeks, gavage), AD + acacia gum (50 mg/kg, 8 weeks, gavage), and AD + PCO (50 mg/kg, 8 weeks, gavage). During the ninth and tenth weeks of the study, the cognitive function of the rats was assessed by commonly used behavioral paradigms. Subsequently, oxidative-antioxidative status was examined in the serum. Moreover, compact Aβ plaques were detected by Congo red staining. The results showed that injection of Aβ impaired recognition memory in the novel object recognition test, reduced the spatial cognitive ability in the Morris water maze, and alleviated retention and recall capability in the passive avoidance task. Additionally, injection of Aβ resulted in increased total oxidant status, decreased total antioxidant capacity, and enhanced Aβ plaque formation in the rats. Intriguingly, PCO treatment improved all the above-mentioned neuropathological changes in the Aβ-induced AD rats. The results suggest that PCO improves Aβ-induced cognitive decline, possibly through modulation of oxidative-antioxidative status and inhibition of Aβ plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Safari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Nesa Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Asadbegi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Shahab Ghaderi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masome Rashno
- Student Research Committee, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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29
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Esplugas R, Linares V, Bellés M, Domingo JL, Schuhmacher M. In vitro neurotoxic potential of emerging flame retardants on neuroblastoma cells in an acute exposure scenario. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 87:105523. [PMID: 36427757 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since 2004, some legacy flame retardants (FRs) were restricted or removed from the European markets due to their concern on human health. Both organophosphorus FRs (OPFRs) and novel brominated FRs (NBFRs) have replaced them because they are presumably safer and less persistent emerging FRs (EFRs) and their exposure is currently occurring in indoor environments at high levels. Little is known about the neurotoxic potential risk of these EFRs in humans. The present study was aimed at assessing the acute neurotoxicity potential of Tris(1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), Bis(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP) and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB) on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). SH-SY5Y were exposed to these EFRs at low concentrations -ranging 2.5-20 μM. during 2-24 h. We investigated viability, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, as well as neural plasticity and development. The results have demonstrated that selected EFRs (TDCPP, TPhP, EH-TBB and BEH-TBP) did not impair neural function on SH-SY5Y as acute response. To the best of our knowledge, this has been the first study focused on evaluating the neural affection of TPhP on SH-SY5Y cells and of EH-TBB and BEH-TBP on neural cells. We also assessed for the first time almost all endpoints after FR exposure on neural cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Esplugas
- Environmental Analysis and Management Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - Victoria Linares
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Montserrat Bellés
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Analysis and Management Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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30
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The interactions of amyloid β aggregates with phospholipid membranes and the implications for neurodegeneration. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:147-159. [PMID: 36629697 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Misfolding, aggregation and accumulation of Amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) in neuronal tissue and extracellular matrix are hallmark features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Soluble Aβ oligomers are involved in neuronal toxicity by interacting with the lipid membrane, compromising its integrity, and affecting the function of receptors. These facts indicate that the interaction between Aβ oligomers and cell membranes may be one of the central molecular level factors responsible for the onset of neurodegeneration. The present review provides a structural understanding of Aβ neurotoxicity via membrane interactions and contributes to understanding early events in Alzheimer's disease.
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31
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Effects of neuromodulation on executive functions and food desires in individuals with obesity: a systematic review. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:177-185. [PMID: 36537330 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Objective: to describe the effects of neuromodulation on the performance of executive functions in overweight and/or individuals with obesity. Methods: articles published in PubMed, ScienceDirect, BIREME, and Web of Science databases were selected using the following combination of descriptors: ("problem solving" OR "executive function" OR memory) AND (tDCS OR TMS) AND obesity. After applying the selection criteria, 08 articles were included for analysis. Results: the articles included had an average of 30.1 participants per study, with a minimum of 12 and a maximum of 76. The overall nutritional status ranged from underweight to grade 3 obesity, and the general mean body mass index was 28,1 kg/m2. Regarding the instruments used to assess executive functions, the most frequent were: the flanker paradigm; binocular rivalry for Continuous Flash Suppression (bCFS/NoCFS); Stroop task; Go/No-Go task; and N-back task. The primary outcomes were dependent on the neuromodulation target site. Reduced food craving and improved performance in the active group were observed from decreased response time and increased precision in cognitive tasks. Conclusion: neuromodulation can generate changes in executive functions, reducing food cravings in overweight and individuals with obesity.
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32
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Antioxidant Activity of Crocodile Oil ( Crocodylus siamensis) on Cognitive Function in Rats. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040791. [PMID: 36832865 PMCID: PMC9956878 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Crocodile oil (CO) is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The antioxidant activity and cognitive effect of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids have been largely reported. This work aimed to investigate the effect of CO on antioxidant activity and cognitive function in rats. Twenty-one rats were divided into three treatment groups: (1) sterile water (NS), (2) 1 mL/kg of CO (NC1), and (3) 3 mL/kg of CO (NC3). Rats underwent oral gavage once daily for 8 weeks. CO treatment decreased the triglycerides level significantly compared with that in the NS group. CO had a free radical scavenging ability greater than that of olive oil but had no effect on levels of antioxidant markers in the brain. Expression of unique proteins in the CO-treatment group were correlated with the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide. Rats in the NC1 group had better memory function than rats in the NC3 group. Expression of unique proteins in the NC1 group was correlated with memory function. However, CO did not cause a decline in cognitive function in rats. CO can be an alternative dietary oil because it has a hypolipidemia effect and antioxidant activity. In addition, CO did not cause a negative effect on cognitive function.
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33
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Jeong EK, Selvaraj B, Clovis S, Son YJ, Park TH, Veeramanoharan A, Kim HI, Yoo KY, Lee JW, Park CM. Synthesis and neuroprotective effects of H 2S-donor-peptide hybrids on hippocampal neuronal cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:316-325. [PMID: 36528123 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an endogenous signaling molecule that functions in many physiological and pathological processes of human cells in health and disease, including neuromodulation and neuroprotection, inflammation, angiogenesis, and vasorelaxation. The limited clinical applications of current H2S donors have led to the development of H2S donor hybrid compounds that combine current H2S donors with bioactive molecules. Finely tuned multi-targeting hybrid molecules have been shown to have complementary neuroprotective effects against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress. In this study, we developed hybrid molecules combining a dithiolethione-based slow-releasing H2S donor that exerts neuroprotective effects, with the tripeptides glycyl-L-histidyl-l-lysine (GHK) and L-alanyl-L-cystinyl-l-glutamine (ACQ), two natural products that exhibit powerful antioxidant effects. In particular, a hybrid combination of a dithiolethione-based slow-releasing H2S donor and ACQ exhibited significant neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced oxidative damage in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells. This hybrid remarkably suppressed Ca2+ accumulation and ROS production. Furthermore, it efficiently inhibited apoptotic neuronal cell death by blocking apoptosis-inducing factor release and its translocation to the nucleus. These results indicate that the hybrid efficiently inhibited apoptotic neuronal cell damage by complementary neuroprotective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Kyun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, South Korea
| | - Baskar Selvaraj
- Natural Product Research Center, Institute of Natural Product, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, South Korea
| | - Shyaka Clovis
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, South Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Son
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, South Korea
| | - Tae Hoo Park
- Natural Product Research Center, Institute of Natural Product, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, South Korea
| | - Ashokkumar Veeramanoharan
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, South Korea
| | - Hoe-In Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, South Korea
| | - Ki-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Reseach Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, South Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Institute of Natural Product, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, South Korea.
| | - Chung-Min Park
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, South Korea.
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Health Related Quality of Life and Psychopathological Symptoms in People with Hemophilia, Bloodborne Co-Infections and Comorbidities: An Italian Multicenter Observational Study. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2023; 15:e2023005. [PMID: 36660351 PMCID: PMC9833307 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2023.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with hemophilia (PWH) is an important issue, especially considering people suffering from chronic diseases beyond hemophilia. The principal aim of this study was to investigate the presence and relevance of psychological symptoms, both internalizing and externalizing, lifestyle, and HRQoL in a group of Italian PWH with chronic bloodborne co-infections and comorbidities. Furthermore, the research describes the association between psychological aspects and the impact of disease-related characteristics (type of hemophilia, presence of co-infections, and comorbidities) on them. Methods Seventy patients (mean age 46.77±11.3), 64 with severe hemophilia A (Factor VIII: C < 1 IU/dL) and 6 with severe hemophilia B (Factor IX <1 IU/dL), were consecutively recruited from seven Hemophilia Centers in Italy of Italian Association of Hemophilia Centers (AICE). In order to assess psychological symptoms, HRQoL, and lifestyle, three psychological questionnaires were administered (the SCL-90-R, SF-36, and PSQ, respectively). Results A general decline in the quality of life and an increase in the tendency to adopt a lifestyle characterized by hyperactivity emerged. Inverse correlations were found between HRQoL and psychological distress. Although the SCL-90-R did not reveal symptoms above the clinical cut-off, co-infections significantly increased anxiety, depression, somatizations, paranoia, and social withdrawal. Lastly, HRQoL is impaired by co-infections as well as comorbidities. Conclusion Our preliminary results must be confirmed to deepen the findings between mental health and hemophilia.
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Barak T, Miller O, Melamed S, Tietel Z, Harari M, Belausov E, Elmann A. Neuroprotective Effects of Pulicaria incisa Infusion on Human Neuroblastoma Cells and Hippocampal Neurons. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010032. [PMID: 36670894 PMCID: PMC9854488 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress increase susceptibility to neurodegeneration and other age-related pathologies. We have previously demonstrated that an infusion prepared from Pulicaria incisa (Pi) has protective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects in glial cells. However, the neuroprotective activities of Pi infusion in cultured neurons and aging mice have never been studied. In the following study, the effects of Pi infusion were explored in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress model in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Profiling of the infusion by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and aucubin as some of its main constituents. H2O2-induced ROS accumulation and caspase 3 activity decreased SH-SY5Y viability and were prevented upon the pretreatment of cells with Pi infusion. Additionally, the Pi infusion upregulated cellular levels and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as well as the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Aging mice treated daily for 18 months with Pi infusion exhibited reduced neuronal cell death in the hippocampus as compared to age-matched controls. We, therefore, propose Pi infusion as a candidate regulator of oxidative stress in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Barak
- Department of Food Science, The Volcani Institute Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Oshrat Miller
- Department of Food Science, The Volcani Institute Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sarit Melamed
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat 853110, Israel
| | - Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat 853110, Israel
| | - Moti Harari
- The Southern Arava Research and Development, Hevel Eilot 88820, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Anat Elmann
- Department of Food Science, The Volcani Institute Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-968-3516
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Highly active antiretroviral therapy-silver nanoparticle conjugate interacts with neuronal and glial cells and alleviates anxiety-like behaviour in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:57-68. [PMID: 35769902 PMCID: PMC9234225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The inception of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients, with an improvement in life expectancy. However, neurological complications associated with high dosage and chronic administration of HAART have not been fully addressed. Therefore, this study evaluated the potential benefits of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) conjugated-HAART (HAART-AgNPs) and its interaction with neuronal and glial cells in type-2 diabetic rats. Forty-two (n = 42) adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 ± 13 g) were divided into non-diabetic and diabetic groups. Each rat was administered with either distilled water, HAART, or HAART-AgNPs for eight weeks. After that, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was excised for immunohistochemical, biochemical, and ultrastructural analysis. The formulated HAART-AgNPs were characterised by Ultraviolet-Visible, Transmission electron microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Of the various concentrations of HAART-AgNPs, 1.5 M exhibited 20.3 nm in size and a spherical shape was used for this study. Administration of HAART-AgNPs to diabetic rats significantly decreased (p < 0.05) blood glucose level, number of faecal pellets, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) compared with HAART-treated diabetic rats. Notably, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in antioxidant biomarkers (SOD and GSH), improvement in PFC-glial fibrillary acid protein (PFC-GFAP) positive cells and alleviation of anxiety-like behaviour in HAART-AgNPs treated diabetic rats. These results showed that HAART-AgNPs alleviates the anxiogenic effect and neuronal toxicity aggravated by HAART exposure via the reduction of oxidative and neuroinflammatory injury as well as preserving PFC GFAP-positive cells and neuronal cytoarchitecture.
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Segneanu AE, Vlase G, Lukinich-Gruia AT, Herea DD, Grozescu I. Untargeted Metabolomic Approach of Curcuma longa to Neurodegenerative Phytocarrier System Based on Silver Nanoparticles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2261. [PMID: 36421447 PMCID: PMC9686783 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcuma is one of the most famous medicinal and tropical aromatic plants. Its health benefits have been appreciated and exploited in traditional Asian medicine since ancient times. Various studies have investigated its complex chemical composition and demonstrated the remarkable therapeutic properties of curcuma's phytoconstituents. Oxidative stress is a decisive driving factor triggering numerous pathologies (neurodegenerative, psychiatric and cardiovascular diseases; diabetes; tumors, etc.). Numerous recent studies have focused on the use of natural compounds and nanomaterials as innovative molecular targeting agents as effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we report, for the first time, the development of a simple target phytocarrier system that capitalizes on the bioactive properties of curcuma and AgNPs. The complete metabolic profile of curcuma was determined based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS). A total of 80 metabolites were identified under mass spectra (MS)-positive mode from 10 secondary metabolite categories: terpenoids, amino acids, diarylheptanoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, steroids, fatty acids, coumarins, alkaloids and miscellaneous. In addition, the biological activity of each class of metabolites was discussed. A comprehensive characterization (FT-IR, UV-Vis, DLS, SEM, TEM, EDS, zeta potential and XRD) was performed to study the morphostructural properties of this new phytocarrier system. Antioxidant activity of the new phytocarrier system was evaluated using a combination of in vitro methods (total phenolic assay, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and cyclic voltammetric method (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) electrochemical assay)). Antioxidants assays showed that the phytocarrier system exhibits superior antioxidant properties to those of its components, i.e., curcuma or citrate-coated-AgNPs. These data confirm the potential to enhance relevant theoretical knowledge in the area of innovative antioxidant agents, with potential application in neurodegenerative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina-Elena Segneanu
- Institute for Advanced Environmental Research, West University of Timisoara (ICAM-WUT), Oituz nr. 4, 300086 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gabriela Vlase
- Institute for Advanced Environmental Research, West University of Timisoara (ICAM-WUT), Oituz nr. 4, 300086 Timisoara, Romania
- Res. Ctr. Thermal Anal Environm Problems, West University of Timisoara, Pestalozzi St. 16, 300115 Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Dumitru-Daniel Herea
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioan Grozescu
- CAICON Department, University Politehnica Timisoara, 2 P-ta Victoriei, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
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Scarfò G, Piccarducci R, Daniele S, Franzoni F, Martini C. Exploring the Role of Lipid-Binding Proteins and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Focus on the Neuroprotective Effects of Nutraceutical Supplementation and Physical Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2116. [PMID: 36358488 PMCID: PMC9686611 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is primarily composed of lipids, and their homeostasis is crucial to carry on normal neuronal functions. In order to provide an adequate amount of lipid transport in and out of the central nervous system, organisms need a set of proteins able to bind them. Therefore, alterations in the structure or function of lipid-binding proteins negatively affect brain homeostasis, as well as increase inflammation and oxidative stress with the consequent risk of neurodegeneration. In this regard, lifestyle changes seem to be protective against neurodegenerative processes. Nutraceutical supplementation with antioxidant molecules has proven to be useful in proving cognitive functions. Additionally, regular physical activity seems to protect neuronal vitality and increases antioxidant defenses. The aim of the present review was to investigate mechanisms that link lipid-binding protein dysfunction and oxidative stress to cognitive decline, also underlining the neuroprotective effects of diet and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Scarfò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of General Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Rehabilitative Medicine “Sport and Anatomy”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of General Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Rehabilitative Medicine “Sport and Anatomy”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Perspectives on the Molecular Mediators of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Strategies in the Context of Neuroprotection and Neurolongevity: An Extensive Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7743705. [PMID: 36062188 PMCID: PMC9439934 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7743705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecules with at least one unpaired electron in their outermost shell are known as free radicals. Free radical molecules are produced either within our bodies or by external sources such as ozone, cigarette smoking, X-rays, industrial chemicals, and air pollution. Disruption of normal cellular homeostasis by redox signaling may result in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Although ROS (reactive oxygen species) are formed in the GI tract, little is known about how they contribute to pathophysiology and disease etiology. When reactive oxygen species and antioxidants are in imbalance in our bodies, they can cause cell structure damage, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and other obesity-related disorders, as well as protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, glial cell activation, and subsequent cellular apoptosis. Neuron cells are gradually destroyed in neurodegenerative diseases. The production of inappropriately aggregated proteins is strongly linked to oxidative stress. This review's goal is to provide as much information as possible about the numerous neurodegenerative illnesses linked to oxidative stress. The possibilities of multimodal and neuroprotective therapy in human illness, using already accessible medications and demonstrating neuroprotective promise in animal models, are highlighted. Neuroprotection and neurolongevity may improve from the use of bioactive substances from medicinal herbs like Allium stadium, Celastrus paniculatus, and Centella asiatica. Many neuroprotective drugs' possible role has been addressed. Preventing neuroinflammation has been demonstrated in several animal models.
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Yang J, Jiang F, Yang M, Chen Z. Sarcopenia and nervous system disorders. J Neurol 2022; 269:5787-5797. [PMID: 35829759 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia has an insidious start that can induce physical malfunction, raise the risk of falls, disability, and mortality in the old, severely impair the aged persons' quality of life and health. More and more studies have demonstrated that sarcopenia is linked to neurological diseases in recent years. This review examines the advancement of sarcopenia and neurological illnesses research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, No.100 of Minjiang Street, Quzhou, 32400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feifei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, No.100 of Minjiang Street, Quzhou, 32400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, No.100 of Minjiang Street, Quzhou, 32400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhizhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, No.100 of Minjiang Street, Quzhou, 32400, Zhejiang, China.
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Dietary and nutraceutical-based therapeutic approaches to combat the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
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Theofanous T, Kourti M. Abrogating Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Strategy against Parkinson’s Disease: A Mini Review of the Recent Advances on Natural Therapeutic Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Agents. Med Chem 2022; 18:772-783. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666220304222401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in cell signaling when maintained at low concentrations. However, when ROS production exceeds the neutralizing capacity of endogenous antioxidants, oxidative stress is observed, which has been shown to contribute to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is a progressive disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the striatum, which leads to motor and nonmotor symptoms. Although the complex interplay of mechanisms responsible are yet to be fully understood, oxidative stress was found to be positively associated with PD. Despite active research, currently proposed regimens mainly focus on regulating dopamine metabolism within the brain, even though these treatments have shown limited long-term efficacy and several side effects. Due to the implication of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of PD, natural antioxidant compounds have attracted interest as potential therapeutics over the last years, with a more favorable anticipated safety profile due to their natural origin. Therefore, natural antioxidants are currently being explored as promising anti-PD agents.
Objective:
In this mini review, emphasis was given to presently studied natural antioxidant and neuroprotective agents that have shown positive results in PD animal models.
Methods:
For this purpose, recent scientific articles were reviewed and discussed, with the aim to highlight the most up-to-date advances on PD treatment strategies related to oxidative stress.
Results:
A plethora of natural compounds are actively being explored against PD, including kaemferol, icaritin, artemisinin, and α-bisabolol, with promising results. Most of these compounds have shown adequate neuroprotective ability along with redox balance restoration, normalized mitochondrial function and limitation of the oxidative damage.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, natural antioxidants may be the way forward to novel treatments against PD, when the limitations of correct dosing and appropriate combinations are resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malamati Kourti
- Angiogenesis and Cancer Drug discovery group, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, 2404, Cyprus
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