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Borgonetti V, Galeotti N. Novel Combination of Choline with Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, and Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wetts Reduced Oxidative Stress in Microglia Cells, Promoting Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14038. [PMID: 37762339 PMCID: PMC10531461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory deficit is one of the major negative outcomes of chronic stress. Cholinergic system modulates memory not only through the neuronal cells, but also via interactions with non-neuronal cells, suggesting that microglia can influence synaptic function and plasticity, contributing to cognition and memory function. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (WS) and Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst (BM), are traditional herbal medicinal products used for the temporary relief of symptoms of stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether choline (CLN) activity could be enhanced via an association with adaptogens: WS and BM extracts. First, we optimized an in vitro model of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-induced oxidative stress on microglial BV2 cells. CRH 100 nM reduced BV2 cell viability and induced morphological changes and neurotoxicity after 24 h of microglia stimulation. Moreover, it induced an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dysregulated antioxidant protein (i.e., SIRT-1 and NRF-2). The association between choline and adaptogens (CBW) 10 μg/mL counteracted the effect of CRH on BV2 cells and reduced the neurotoxicity produced by BV2 CRH-conditioned medium in the SH-SY5Y cell lines. CBW 200 mg/kg produced an ameliorative effect on recognition memory in the novel object recognition test (NORT) test in mice. In conclusion, combining choline with adaptogen plant extracts might represent a promising intervention in chronic stress associated with memory disturbances through the attenuation of microglia-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
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Frasch MG, Yoon BJ, Helbing DL, Snir G, Antonelli MC, Bauer R. Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Neuro-Immunometabolic Hypothesis of the Developmental Origins. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:914. [PMID: 37508346 PMCID: PMC10375982 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Fetal neuroinflammation and prenatal stress (PS) may contribute to lifelong neurological disabilities. Astrocytes and microglia, among the brain's non-neuronal "glia" cell populations, play a pivotal role in neurodevelopment and predisposition to and initiation of disease throughout lifespan. One of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders manifesting between 1-4 years of age is the autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A pathological glial-neuronal interplay is thought to increase the risk for clinical manifestation of ASD in at-risk children, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood, and integrative, multi-scale models are needed. We propose a model that integrates the data across the scales of physiological organization, from genome to phenotype, and provides a foundation to explain the disparate findings on the genomic level. We hypothesize that via gene-environment interactions, fetal neuroinflammation and PS may reprogram glial immunometabolic phenotypes that impact neurodevelopment and neurobehavior. Drawing on genomic data from the recently published series of ovine and rodent glial transcriptome analyses with fetuses exposed to neuroinflammation or PS, we conducted an analysis on the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI) Gene database. We confirmed 21 gene hits. Using unsupervised statistical network analysis, we then identified six clusters of probable protein-protein interactions mapping onto the immunometabolic and stress response networks and epigenetic memory. These findings support our hypothesis. We discuss the implications for ASD etiology, early detection, and novel therapeutic approaches. We conclude with delineation of the next steps to verify our model on the individual gene level in an assumption-free manner. The proposed model is of interest for the multidisciplinary community of stakeholders engaged in ASD research, the development of novel pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, early prevention, and detection as well as for policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Frasch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Byung-Jun Yoon
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dario Lucas Helbing
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gal Snir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marta C Antonelli
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 2 a, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Sequeira MK, Bolton JL. Stressed Microglia: Neuroendocrine-Neuroimmune Interactions in the Stress Response. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad088. [PMID: 37279575 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stressful life experiences are associated with the development of neuropsychiatric disorders like depression. Emerging evidence indicates that microglia, the specialized resident macrophages of the brain, may be a key mediator of the relationship between psychosocial stressor exposure and adaptive or maladaptive responses at the level of synaptic, circuit, and neuroimmune alterations. Here, we review current literature regarding how psychosocial stressor exposure changes microglial structure and function, thereby altering behavioral and brain outcomes, with a particular focus on age- and sex-dependent effects. We argue that additional emphasis should be placed in future research on investigating sex differences and the impacts of stressor exposure during sensitive periods of development, as well as going beyond traditional morphological measurements to interrogate microglial function. The bidirectional relationship between microglia and the stress response, particularly the role of microglia in the neuroendocrine control of stress-related circuits, is also an important area for future investigation. Finally, we discuss emerging themes and future directions that point to the possibility of the development of novel therapeutics for stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica L Bolton
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Microglia involvement in sex-dependent behaviors and schizophrenia occurrence in offspring with maternal dexamethasone exposure. SCHIZOPHRENIA 2022; 8:71. [PMID: 36075925 PMCID: PMC9458670 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fetal microglia that are particularly sensitive cells to the changes in utero environment might be involved in the sex-biased onset and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. To address this issue, we administered a 50 µg/kg dexamethasone (DEX) to dams subcutaneously from gestational days 16 to 18 and a series of behavioral assessments were performed in the offspring. Prenatal exposure to dexamethasone (PN-DEX) induced schizophrenia (SCZ)-relevant behaviors in male mice and depressive-like behavior in female mice. SCZ-relevant behavioral patterns occurred in 10-week-old (10 W) male mice but not in 4-week-old (4 W) male mice. Microglia in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the striatum (STR) of 10 W males prenatally treated with dexamethasone (10 W PN-DEX-M) showed hyper-ramified morphology and dramatically reduced spine density in mPFC. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that microglia in the mPFC of the 10 W PN-DEX-M group interacted with pre-synaptic Bassoon and post-synaptic density 95 (PSD95) puncta. PN-DEX-M also showed significantly changed dopamine system proteins. However, a testosterone surge during adolescence was not a trigger on SCZ-relevant behavior occurrence in 10 W PN-DEX-M. Furthermore, females prenatally treated with dexamethasone (PN-DEX-F) displayed depressive-like behavior, in addition to HPA-axis activation and inflammatory microglial phenotypes in their hippocampus (HPC). We propose that altered microglial function, such as increased synaptic pruning, may be involved in the occurrence of SCZ-relevant behavior in PN-DEX-M and sex-biased abnormal behavior in the PN-DEX model.
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Hwang Y, Kim HC, Shin EJ. Effect of rottlerin on astrocyte phenotype polarization after trimethyltin insult in the dentate gyrus of mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:142. [PMID: 35690821 PMCID: PMC9188234 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that reactive astrocytes can be polarized into pro-inflammatory A1 phenotype or anti-inflammatory A2 phenotype under neurotoxic and neurodegenerative conditions. Microglia have been suggested to play a critical role in astrocyte phenotype polarization by releasing pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. In this study, we examined whether trimethyltin (TMT) insult can induce astrocyte polarization in the dentate gyrus of mice, and whether protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) plays a role in TMT-induced astrocyte phenotype polarization. METHODS Male C57BL/6 N mice received TMT (2.6 mg/kg, i.p.), and temporal changes in the mRNA expression of A1 and A2 phenotype markers were evaluated in the hippocampus. In addition, temporal and spatial changes in the protein expression of C3, S100A10, Iba-1, and p-PKCδ were examined in the dentate gyrus. Rottlerin (5 mg/kg, i.p. × 5 at 12-h intervals) was administered 3-5 days after TMT treatment, and the expression of A1 and A2 transcripts, p-PKCδ, Iba-1, C3, S100A10, and C1q was evaluated 6 days after TMT treatment. RESULTS TMT treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of A1 and A2 phenotype markers, and the increased expression of A1 markers remained longer than that of A2 markers. The immunoreactivity of the representative A1 phenotype marker, C3 and A2 phenotype marker, S100A10 peaked 6 days after TMT insult in the dentate gyrus. While C3 was expressed evenly throughout the dentate gyrus, S100A10 was highly expressed in the hilus and inner molecular layer. In addition, TMT insult induced microglial p-PKCδ expression. Treatment with rottlerin, a PKCδ inhibitor, decreased Iba-1 and C3 expression, but did not affect S100A10 expression, suggesting that PKCδ inhibition attenuates microglial activation and A1 astrocyte phenotype polarization. Consistently, rottlerin significantly reduced the expression of C1q and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), which has been suggested to be released by activated microglia and induce A1 astrocyte polarization. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the temporal and spatial profiles of astrocyte polarization after TMT insult in the dentate gyrus of mice. Taken together, our results suggest that PKCδ plays a role in inducing A1 astrocyte polarization by promoting microglial activation and consequently increasing the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators after TMT insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Cheiran Pereira G, Piton E, Moreira Dos Santos B, Ramanzini LG, Muniz Camargo LF, Menezes da Silva R, Bochi GV. Microglia and HPA axis in depression: An overview of participation and relationship. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:165-182. [PMID: 34100334 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1939154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This narrative review article provides an overview on the involvement of microglia and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the pathophysiology of depression, as well investigates the mutual relationship between these two entities: how microglial activation can contribute to the dysregulation of the HPA axis, and vice versa.Methods: Relevant studies and reviews already published in the Pubmed electronic database involving the themes microglia, HPA axis and depression were used to meet the objectives.Results: Exposition to stressful events is considered a common factor in the mechanisms proposed to explain the depressive disorder. Stress can activate microglial cells, important immune components of the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, another system involved in the physiological response to stressors is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the main stress response system responsible for the production of the glucocorticoid hormone (GC). Also, mediators released after microglial activation can stimulate the HPA axis, inducing production of GC. Likewise, high levels of GCs are also capable of activating microglia, generating a vicious cycle.Conclusion: Immune and neuroendocrine systems seems to work in a coordinated manner and that their dysregulation may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression since neuroinflammation and hypercortisolism are often observed in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cheiran Pereira
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Center of Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Elisa Piton
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Brenda Moreira Dos Santos
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Center of Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luis Guilherme Ramanzini
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Muniz Camargo
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Rossano Menezes da Silva
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Vargas Bochi
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Center of Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is a Possible Blood Biomarker of Schizoid Personality Traits among Females. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020131. [PMID: 35207620 PMCID: PMC8875671 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) have been suggested to indicate higher suicide risk and various psychiatric symptoms. Previously, we reported that lower serum LDL-C levels are associated with loneliness, social phobia, isolated life with little social support, and lower trust in others among young non-clinical females. Thus, we hypothesize that schizoid personality traits may be associated with lower serum LDL-C. We here verified this hypothesis using non-clinical data and clinical data with schizophrenia. Using the database from the Midlife in Japan (MIDJA), a cohort of residents living in Tokyo, we analyzed whether schizoid-related interpersonal characteristics were associated with LDL-C. In addition, we assessed the association between blood biomarkers including LDL-C and schizoid personality traits in 101 adult non-clinical volunteers. Finally, we evaluated the interaction between LDL-C and social decision making of patients with schizophrenia. In female non-clinical volunteers, serum LDL-C level was a predictive factor and negatively correlated with schizoid personality traits. Female patients with schizophrenia, whose serum LDL-C levels were lower, tended not to trust other females. The present findings suggest that LDL-C may influence schizoid personality traits in females, which provide a basis for further investigation into the biological aspects of schizoid personality disorder.
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8
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Chun EK, Donovan M, Liu Y, Wang Z. Behavioral, neurochemical, and neuroimmune changes associated with social buffering and stress contagion. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 16:100427. [PMID: 35036478 PMCID: PMC8749234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Social buffering can provide protective effects on stress responses and their subsequent negative health outcomes. Although social buffering is beneficial for the recipient, it can also have anxiogenic effects on the provider of the social buffering - a phenomena referred to as stress contagion. Social buffering and stress contagion usually occur together, but they have traditionally been studied independently, thus limiting our understanding of this dyadic social interaction. In the present study, we examined the effects of preventative social buffering and stress contagion in socially monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). We tested the hypothesis that this dynamic social interaction is associated with coordinated alterations in behaviors, neurochemical activation, and neuroimmune responses. To do so, adult male prairie voles were stressed via an acute immobilization restraint tube (IMO) either alone (Alone) or with their previously pair-bonded female partner (Partner) in the cage for 1 h. In contrast, females were placed in a cage containing either an empty IMO tube (Empty) or one that contained their pair-bonded male (Partner). Anxiety-like behavior was tested on the elevated plus maze (EPM) following the 60-mins test and brain sections were processed for neurochemical/neuroimmune marker labeling for all subjects. Our data indicate that females in the Partner group were in contact with and sniffed the IMO tube more, showed fewer anxiety-like behaviors, and had a higher level of oxytocin expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) compared to the Empty group females. Males in the Partner group had lower levels of anxiety-like behavior during the EPM test, greater activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons in the PVN, lower activation of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe, and lower levels of microgliosis in the nucleus accumbens. Taken together, these data suggest brain region- and neurochemical-specific alterations as well as neuroinflammatory changes that may be involved in the regulation of social buffering and stress contagion behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen K. Chun
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Meghan Donovan
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, 1700 N Wheeling St, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Zuoxin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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Clayton RW, Lovell-Badge R, Galichet C. The Properties and Functions of Glial Cell Types of the Hypothalamic Median Eminence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:953995. [PMID: 35966104 PMCID: PMC9363565 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.953995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The median eminence (ME) is part of the neuroendocrine system (NES) that functions as a crucial interface between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The ME contains many non-neuronal cell types, including oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), tanycytes, astrocytes, pericytes, microglia and other immune cells, which may be involved in the regulation of NES function. For example, in mice, ablation of tanycytes (a special class of ependymal glia with stem cell-like functions) results in weight gain, feeding, insulin insensitivity and increased visceral adipose, consistent with the demonstrated ability of these cells to sense and transport both glucose and leptin, and to differentiate into neurons that control feeding and metabolism in the hypothalamus. To give a further example, OPCs in the ME of mice have been shown to rapidly respond to dietary signals, in turn controlling composition of the extracellular matrix in the ME, derived from oligodendrocyte-lineage cells, which may contribute to the previously described role of these cells in actively maintaining leptin-receptor-expressing dendrites in the ME. In this review, we explore and discuss recent advances such as these, that have developed our understanding of how the various cell types of the ME contribute to its function in the NES as the interface between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. We also highlight avenues of future research which promise to uncover additional functions of the ME and the glia, stem and progenitor cells it contains.
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Jayakumar P, Martínez-Moreno CG, Lorenson MY, Walker AM, Morales T. Prolactin Attenuates Neuroinflammation in LPS-Activated SIM-A9 Microglial Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB Pathways Via ERK1/2. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2171-2186. [PMID: 33821330 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a pleiotropic hormone with multiple functions in several tissues and organs, including the brain. PRL decreases lesion-induced microgliosis and modifies gene expression related to microglial functions in the hippocampus, thereby providing a possible mechanism through which it might participate in neuroimmune modulatory responses and prevent neuronal cell damage. However, the direct contribution of microglial cells to PRL-mediated neuroprotection is still unclear and no studies have yet documented whether PRL can directly activate cellular pathways in microglial cells. The aim of this study is to elucidate in vitro actions of PRL on the immortalized SIM-A9 microglia cell line in basal and LPS-stimulated conditions. PRL alone induced a time-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation. Pretreatment with PRL attenuated LPS (200 ng/ml) stimulated pro-inflammatory markers: nitric oxide (NO) levels, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukins (IL)-6, -1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) expression at 20 nM dosage. PRL suppressed LPS-induced nuclear factor (NF)-κappaB (NF-κB) p65 subunit phosphorylation and its upstream p-ERK1/2 activity. In conclusion, PRL exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated SIM-A9 microglia by downregulating pro-inflammatory mediators corresponding to suppression of LPS-activated ERK1/2 and NF-κB phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Jayakumar
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Carlos G Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Mary Y Lorenson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ameae M Walker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Teresa Morales
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico.
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Loth MK, Donaldson ZR. Oxytocin, Dopamine, and Opioid Interactions Underlying Pair Bonding: Highlighting a Potential Role for Microglia. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6046188. [PMID: 33367612 PMCID: PMC7787427 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pair bonds represent some of the strongest attachments we form as humans. These relationships positively modulate health and well-being. Conversely, the loss of a spouse is an emotionally painful event that leads to numerous deleterious physiological effects, including increased risk for cardiac dysfunction and mental illness. Much of our understanding of the neuroendocrine basis of pair bonding has come from studies of monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), laboratory-amenable rodents that, unlike laboratory mice and rats, form lifelong pair bonds. Specifically, research using prairie voles has delineated a role for multiple neuromodulatory and neuroendocrine systems in the formation and maintenance of pair bonds, including the oxytocinergic, dopaminergic, and opioidergic systems. However, while these studies have contributed to our understanding of selective attachment, few studies have examined how interactions among these 3 systems may be essential for expression of complex social behaviors, such as pair bonding. Therefore, in this review, we focus on how the social neuropeptide, oxytocin, interacts with classical reward system modulators, including dopamine and endogenous opioids, during bond formation and maintenance. We argue that an understanding of these interactions has important clinical implications and is required to understand the evolution and encoding of complex social behaviors more generally. Finally, we provide a brief consideration of future directions, including a discussion of the possible roles that glia, specifically microglia, may have in modulating social behavior by acting as a functional regulator of these 3 neuromodulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith K Loth
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Zoe R Donaldson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Correspondence: Zoe R. Donaldson, PhD, University of Colorado Boulder, 347 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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12
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Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Depression: Effects on the Neuroendocrine-Immune Network. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010065. [PMID: 33466877 PMCID: PMC7830381 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems are two critical biological systems in the pathogenesis of depression. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that the activation of the neuroinflammatory response of the immune system and hyperactivity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis of the neuroendocrine system commonly coexist in patients with depression and that these two systems bidirectionally regulate one another through neural, immunological, and humoral intersystem interactions. The neuroendocrine-immune network poses difficulties associated with the development of antidepressant agents directed toward these biological systems for the effective treatment of depression. On the other hand, multidrug and multitarget Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) has great potential to assist in the development of novel medications for the systematic pharmacotherapy of depression. In this narrative essay, we conclusively analyze the mechanisms of action of CHM antidepressant constituents and formulas, specifically through the modulation of the neuroendocrine-immune network, by reviewing recent preclinical studies conducted using depressive animal models. Some CHM herbal constituents and formulas are highlighted as examples, and their mechanisms of action at both the molecular and systems levels are discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the crosstalk of these two biological systems and the systems pharmacology approach for understanding the system-wide mechanism of action of CHM on the neuroendocrine-immune network in depression treatment. The holistic, multidrug, and multitarget nature of CHM represents an excellent example of systems medicine in the effective treatment of depression.
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Enomoto S, Kato TA. Involvement of microglia in disturbed fear memory regulation: Possible microglial contribution to the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder. Neurochem Int 2020; 142:104921. [PMID: 33232758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, immune cells in the brain, play a crucial role in brain inflammation and synaptic plasticity by releasing inflammatory mediators and neurotrophic factors as well as, phagocytosing synaptic elements. Recent studies have shown peripheral inflammation, immune alteration in the brain are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in humans. Several preclinical studies using Pavlovian fear conditioning have suggested that microglia are involved in fear memory dysregulation and altered fear neuronal networks. Microglial priming resulting from previous stressful experiences may also have an effect. This review will introduce the current knowledge of microglial contribution to disturbed fear memory regulation, a fundamental feature of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Enomoto
- Self Defense Force, Fukuoka Hospital, 1-61 Kokura Higashi, Kasuga-Si, Fukuoka, 816-0826, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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14
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Du Preez A, Law T, Onorato D, Lim YM, Eiben P, Musaelyan K, Egeland M, Hye A, Zunszain PA, Thuret S, Pariante CM, Fernandes C. The type of stress matters: repeated injection and permanent social isolation stress in male mice have a differential effect on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, and associated biological alterations. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:325. [PMID: 32958745 PMCID: PMC7505042 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress can alter the immune system, adult hippocampal neurogenesis and induce anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour in rodents. However, previous studies have not discriminated between the effect(s) of different types of stress on these behavioural and biological outcomes. We investigated the effect(s) of repeated injection vs. permanent social isolation on behaviour, stress responsivity, immune system functioning and hippocampal neurogenesis, in young adult male mice, and found that the type of stress exposure does indeed matter. Exposure to 6 weeks of repeated injection resulted in an anxiety-like phenotype, decreased systemic inflammation (i.e., reduced plasma levels of TNFα and IL4), increased corticosterone reactivity, increased microglial activation and decreased neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG). In contrast, exposure to 6 weeks of permanent social isolation resulted in a depressive-like phenotype, increased plasma levels of TNFα, decreased plasma levels of IL10 and VEGF, decreased corticosterone reactivity, decreased microglial cell density and increased cell density for radial glia, s100β-positive cells and mature neuroblasts-all in the DG. Interestingly, combining the two distinct stress paradigms did not have an additive effect on behavioural and biological outcomes, but resulted in yet a different phenotype, characterized by increased anxiety-like behaviour, decreased plasma levels of IL1β, IL4 and VEGF, and decreased hippocampal neuronal differentiation, without altered neuroinflammation or corticosterone reactivity. These findings demonstrate that different forms of chronic stress can differentially alter both behavioural and biological outcomes in young adult male mice, and that combining multiple stressors may not necessarily cause more severe pathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Du Preez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Law
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Diletta Onorato
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yau M Lim
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paola Eiben
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ksenia Musaelyan
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Egeland
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Abdul Hye
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia A Zunszain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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15
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Gamazon ER, Zwinderman AH, Cox NJ, Denys D, Derks EM. Multi-tissue transcriptome analyses identify genetic mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric traits. Nat Genet 2019; 51:933-940. [PMID: 31086352 PMCID: PMC6590703 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders is characterized by a large number of small-effect variants1 located primarily in non-coding regions, suggesting that the underlying causal effects may influence disease risk by modulating gene expression2-4. We provide comprehensive analyses using transcriptome data from an unprecedented collection of tissues to gain pathophysiological insights into the role of the brain, neuroendocrine factors (adrenal gland) and gastrointestinal systems (colon) in psychiatric disorders. In each tissue, we perform PrediXcan analysis and identify trait-associated genes for schizophrenia (n associations = 499; n unique genes = 275), bipolar disorder (n associations = 17; n unique genes = 13), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n associations = 19; n unique genes = 12) and broad depression (n associations = 41; n unique genes = 31). Importantly, both PrediXcan and summary-data-based Mendelian randomization/heterogeneity in dependent instruments analyses suggest potentially causal genes in non-brain tissues, showing the utility of these tissues for mapping psychiatric disease genetic predisposition. Our analyses further highlight the importance of joint tissue approaches as 76% of the genes were detected only in difficult-to-acquire tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Gamazon
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Data Science Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Aeilko H Zwinderman
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eske M Derks
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- QIMR Berghofer, Translational Neurogenomics Group, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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16
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Digging deeper in the differential effects of inflammatory and psychosocial stressors in remitted depression: Effects on cognitive functioning. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:356-363. [PMID: 30423462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) covers a wide spectrum of symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction, which can persist during remission. Both inflammatory states and psychosocial stress play a role in MDD pathogenesis. METHODS The effects of inflammatory (i.e., Salmonella typhi vaccine) and psychosocial stressor (i.e., Trier Social Stress Test), as well as their combination were investigated on cognition in women (aged 25-45 years, n = 21) with (partially) remitted MDD and healthy controls (n = 18) in a single-blind placebo-controlled study. In a crossover design, patients received on the first day one of the aforementioned interventions and on the other day a placebo, or vice versa, with a washout period of 7-14 days. Short-term and verbal memory, working memory, attention, verbal fluency, information processing speed, psychomotor function, and measures of attentional bias to emotions were measured. Exploratory analyses were performed to assess the correlation between biomarkers of inflammation and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis and cognitive functioning. RESULTS In patients, inflammatory stress decreased information processing speed and verbal memory, and increased working memory; after psychosocial stress, there was an increase in attention. There was also an increased negative attentional bias in patients after inflammatory stress. Neither stressor had any effect in controls. LIMITIATIONS Limitations are the relatively small sample size and antidepressant use by a part of the participants. The effects of the stressors were also measured a relatively short period after administration. CONCULSION Patients were sensitive to the cognitive effects of inflammation and psychosocial stress on cognition, while controls were not.
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17
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Suzuki H, Ohgidani M, Kuwano N, Chrétien F, Lorin de la Grandmaison G, Onaya M, Tominaga I, Setoyama D, Kang D, Mimura M, Kanba S, Kato TA. Suicide and Microglia: Recent Findings and Future Perspectives Based on Human Studies. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:31. [PMID: 30814929 PMCID: PMC6381042 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is one of the most disastrous outcomes for psychiatric disorders. Recent advances in biological psychiatry have suggested a positive relationship between some specific brain abnormalities and specific symptoms in psychiatric disorders whose organic bases were previously completely unknown. Microglia, immune cells in the brain, are regarded to play crucial roles in brain inflammation by releasing inflammatory mediators and are suggested to contribute to various psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. Recently, activated microglia have been suggested to be one of the possible contributing cells to suicide and suicidal behaviors via various mechanisms especially including the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway. Animal model research focusing on psychiatric disorders has a long history, however, there are only limited animal models that can properly express psychiatric symptoms. In particular, to our knowledge, animal models of human suicidal behaviors have not been established. Suicide is believed to be limited to humans, therefore human subjects should be the targets of research despite various ethical and technical limitations. From this perspective, we introduce human biological studies focusing on suicide and microglia. We first present neuropathological studies using the human postmortem brain of suicide victims. Second, we show recent findings based on positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and peripheral blood biomarker analysis on living subjects with suicidal ideation and/or suicide-related behaviors especially focusing on the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway. Finally, we propose future perspectives and tasks to clarify the role of microglia in suicide using multi-dimensional analytical methods focusing on human subjects with suicidal ideation, suicide-related behaviors and suicide victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaomi Suzuki
- National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohgidani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuki Kuwano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fabrice Chrétien
- Neuropathology Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France.,Human Histopathology and Animal Models Laboratory, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Mitsumoto Onaya
- National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Itaru Tominaga
- National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daiki Setoyama
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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18
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Park MJ, Park HS, You MJ, Yoo J, Kim SH, Kwon MS. Dexamethasone Induces a Specific Form of Ramified Dysfunctional Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1421-1436. [PMID: 29948944 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The functional status of dynamic microglial cells plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis of microenvironment in CNS. In a previous study, we reported that microglia phenotype might be involved in stress vulnerability and depression recurrence. Here, we aimed to clarify a character of microglia exposed persistently to glucocorticoid (GC), which is representative a stress hormone, in primary cultured microglial cells. Five nanomolars of dexamethasone (DEX, GC agonist) for 72 h decreased CX3CR1 and CD200R expression and induced ramified form of microglial cells in similar morphology to in vivo resident microglia. However, the ramified form of microglia did not increase microglia signature genes such as P2RY12, OLFML3, TMEM119, and TGFBR1. In addition, DEX-treated microglia showed a reduction of phagocytosis function, pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine production, and cell proliferation. DEX washout did not restore these changes. Based on transcriptomic analysis and functional characters of DEX-treated microglia, we performed senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β gal) assay in DEX-treated microglia and DEX-treated microglia showed more SA-β gal activity with alteration of cell cycle-related genes. Thus, our results suggest that DEX can induce a specific phenotype of microglia (like-senescence).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHABIOCOMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHABIOCOMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung You
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHABIOCOMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongman Yoo
- Department of Microbiology and School of Medicine, CHA University, CHABIOCOMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Cell Therapy Center and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Haengdang-dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHABIOCOMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Hayakawa K, Kato TA, Watabe M, Teo AR, Horikawa H, Kuwano N, Shimokawa N, Sato-Kasai M, Kubo H, Ohgidani M, Sagata N, Toda H, Tateno M, Shinfuku N, Kishimoto J, Kanba S. Blood biomarkers of Hikikomori, a severe social withdrawal syndrome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2884. [PMID: 29440704 PMCID: PMC5811600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hikikomori, a severe form of social withdrawal syndrome, is a growing social issue in Japan and internationally. The pathophysiology of hikikomori has not yet been elucidated and an effective treatment remains to be established. Recently, we revealed that avoidant personality disorder is the most common comorbidity of hikikomori. Thus, we have postulated that avoidant personality is the personality underpinning hikikomori. First, we herein show relationships between avoidant personality traits, blood biomarkers, hikikomori-related psychological features, and behavioural characteristics assessed by a trust game in non-hikikomori volunteers. Avoidant personality traits were negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and uric acid (UA) in men, and positively associated with fibrin degeneration products (FDP) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in women. Next, we recruited actual individuals with hikikomori, and compared avoidant personality traits, blood biomarkers, and psychological features between individuals with hikikomori and age-matched healthy controls. Individuals with hikikomori had higher avoidant personality scores in both sexes, and showed lower serum UA levels in men and lower HDL-C levels in women compared with healthy controls. This is the first report showing possible blood biomarkers for hikikomori, and opens the door to clarify the underlying biological pathophysiology of hikikomori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hayakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Motoki Watabe
- School of Business, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Alan R Teo
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Hideki Horikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuki Kuwano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Shimokawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mina Sato-Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kubo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohgidani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Toda
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaru Tateno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naotaka Shinfuku
- International Center for Medical Research, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Junji Kishimoto
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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20
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Niemegeers P, De Boer P, Dumont GJH, Van Den Eede F, Fransen E, Claes SJ, Morrens M, Sabbe BGC. Differential Effects of Inflammatory and Psychosocial Stress on Mood, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, and Inflammation in Remitted Depression. Neuropsychobiology 2018; 74:150-158. [PMID: 28445888 DOI: 10.1159/000466698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly recurrent. This may be due to increased stress sensitivity after remission. Both inflammatory and psychosocial stressors are implicated in the pathogenesis of MDD, but the additive or differential effect is unclear. METHODS We conducted a single-blind placebo-controlled study to investigate the effects of inflammatory stress (i.e., typhoid vaccination), psychosocial stress (i.e., Trier Social Stress Test [TSST]), or a combination of both in women (25-45 years old) with (partially) remitted recurrent MDD (n = 21) and healthy female controls (n = 18). We evaluated the effect on mood measured by the Profile of Mood States, markers of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, and inflammatory system activation. The study was performed during 2 testing days, separated by a washout of 7-14 days. In a crossover design, subjects received one of the interventions on one day and placebo on the other. RESULTS A lowering of mood was seen in patients (β [95% CI] = -4.79 [-6.82 to -2.75], p < 0.001) only after vaccination, but not after the TSST or the combination; this effect was not observed in controls. Controls experienced a significantly different response on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) after vaccination, with a general rise in ACTH not observed in patients. In both groups, the TSST activated the HPA axis and suppressed the inflammatory parameters. CONCLUSIONS There is a differential effect of inflammatory and psychosocial stress on mood and HPA axis activation in patients with remitted recurrent MDD. This may be an interesting treatment target in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Niemegeers
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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21
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Kempuraj D, Selvakumar GP, Thangavel R, Ahmed ME, Zaheer S, Raikwar SP, Iyer SS, Bhagavan SM, Beladakere-Ramaswamy S, Zaheer A. Mast Cell Activation in Brain Injury, Stress, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:703. [PMID: 29302258 PMCID: PMC5733004 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are localized throughout the body and mediate allergic, immune, and inflammatory reactions. They are heterogeneous, tissue-resident, long-lived, and granulated cells. Mast cells increase their numbers in specific site in the body by proliferation, increased recruitment, increased survival, and increased rate of maturation from its progenitors. Mast cells are implicated in brain injuries, neuropsychiatric disorders, stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Brain mast cells are the first responders before microglia in the brain injuries since mast cells can release prestored mediators. Mast cells also can detect amyloid plaque formation during Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Stress conditions activate mast cells to release prestored and newly synthesized inflammatory mediators and induce increased blood-brain barrier permeability, recruitment of immune and inflammatory cells into the brain and neuroinflammation. Stress induces the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus and mast cells. CRH activates glial cells and mast cells through CRH receptors and releases neuroinflammatory mediators. Stress also increases proinflammatory mediator release in the peripheral systems that can induce and augment neuroinflammation. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a traumatic-chronic stress related mental dysfunction. Currently there is no specific therapy to treat PTSD since its disease mechanisms are not yet clearly understood. Moreover, recent reports indicate that PTSD could induce and augment neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Mast cells play a crucial role in the peripheral inflammation as well as in neuroinflammation due to brain injuries, stress, depression, and PTSD. Therefore, mast cells activation in brain injury, stress, and PTSD may accelerate the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases including AD. This review focusses on how mast cells in brain injuries, stress, and PTSD may promote the pathogenesis of AD. We suggest that inhibition of mast cells activation and brain cells associated inflammatory pathways in the brain injuries, stress, and PTSD can be explored as a new therapeutic target to delay or prevent the pathogenesis and severity of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Govindhasamy P Selvakumar
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Mohammad E Ahmed
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Shankar S Iyer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Sachin M Bhagavan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Swathi Beladakere-Ramaswamy
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Asgar Zaheer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, United States
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22
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Ohgidani M, Kato TA, Haraguchi Y, Matsushima T, Mizoguchi Y, Murakawa-Hirachi T, Sagata N, Monji A, Kanba S. Microglial CD206 Gene Has Potential as a State Marker of Bipolar Disorder. Front Immunol 2017; 7:676. [PMID: 28119691 PMCID: PMC5220016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, especially the underlying mechanisms of the bipolarity between manic and depressive states, has yet to be clarified. Microglia, immune cells in the brain, play important roles in the process of brain inflammation, and recent positron emission tomography studies have indicated microglial overactivation in the brain of patients with bipolar disorder. We have recently developed a technique to induced microglia-like (iMG) cells from peripheral blood (monocytes). We introduce a novel translational approach focusing on bipolar disorder using this iMG technique. We hypothesize that immunological conditional changes in microglia may contribute to the shift between manic and depressive states, and thus we herein analyzed gene profiling patterns of iMG cells from three patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder during both manic and depressive states, respectively. We revealed that the gene profiling patterns are different between manic and depressive states. The profiling pattern of case 1 showed that M1 microglia is dominant in the manic state compared to the depressive state. However, the patterns of cases 2 and 3 were not consistent with the pattern of case 1. CD206, a mannose receptor known as a typical M2 marker, was significantly downregulated in the manic state among all three patients. This is the first report to indicate the importance of shifting microglial M1/M2 characteristics, especially the CD206 gene expression pattern between depressive and manic states. Further translational studies are needed to dig up the microglial roles in the underlying biological mechanisms of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ohgidani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Haraguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Saga University , Saga , Japan
| | - Toshio Matsushima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Yoshito Mizoguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Saga University , Saga , Japan
| | - Toru Murakawa-Hirachi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Saga University , Saga , Japan
| | - Noriaki Sagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Akira Monji
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Saga University , Saga , Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
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Luteinizing hormone-follicle stimulating hormone ratio as biological predictor of post-partum depression. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 72:25-33. [PMID: 27705838 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-partum depression (PPD) is the common adverse outcome of child bearing which affects the wellbeing of both mother and newborn and has long-term effects. Hence, reliable potential biological tests for early detection of PPD are essential. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were associated with depressive disorders and the present study estimated the levels of serum FSH, LH in postpartum depression and explored them as predictive biomarkers in the development of PPD. METHODS In this nested case control study done at a tertiary care hospital in South India, 450 postpartum women were screened at 6th week post-delivery for PPD. Socio-demographic and clinical data were recorded and depressive symptoms were assessed using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Out of 450 subjects screened, 100 women with depressive symptoms were categorized as cases and 100 controls were selected from the remaining subjects matching for age and BMI with cases. Serum levels of FSH and LH were measured using direct competitive immunoassay by chemiluminescene technology. RESULTS Serum LH/FSH ratio was found to be significantly (p=0.02) low in PPD women when compared to normal postpartum subjects. We also found a significant negative correlation between LH/FSH ratio and EPDS scores. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, the optimal cut-off value for serum of LH/FSH levels in predicting postpartum depression was estimated to be 0.22mlU/mL with an AUC of 0.598 (95%CI, 0.291-0.859). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that low LH/FSH ratio after delivery was associated with increased risk for the development of PPD. Low LH/FSH ratio at six-week post delivery can be used as a robust biochemical predictor of post-partum depression.
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Aripiprazole inhibits polyI:C-induced microglial activation possibly via TRPM7. Schizophr Res 2016; 178:35-43. [PMID: 27614570 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections during fetal and adolescent periods, as well as during the course of schizophrenia itself have been linked to the onset and/or relapse of a psychosis. We previously reported that the unique antipsychotic aripiprazole, a partial D2 agonist, inhibits the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α from interferon-γ-activated rodent microglial cells. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) has recently been used as a standard model of viral infections, and recent in vitro studies have shown that microglia are activated by polyI:C. Aripiprazole has been reported to ameliorate behavioral abnormalities in polyI:C-induced mice. To clarify the anti-inflammatory properties of aripiprazole, we investigated the effects of aripiprazole on polyI:C-induced microglial activation in a cellular model of murine microglial cells and possible surrogate cells for human microglia. PolyI:C treatment of murine microglial cells activated the production of TNF-α and enhanced the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, whereas aripiprazole inhibited these responses. In addition, polyI:C treatment of possible surrogate cells for human microglia markedly increased TNF-α mRNA expression in cells from three healthy volunteers. Aripiprazole inhibited this increase in cells from two individuals. PolyI:C consistently increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in murine microglial cells by influx of extracellular Ca2+. We demonstrated that transient receptor potential in melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channels contributed to this polyI:C-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. Taken together, these data suggest that aripiprazole may be therapeutic for schizophrenia by reducing microglial inflammatory reactions, and TRPM7 may be a novel therapeutic target for schizophrenia. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Ohgidani M, Kato TA, Sagata N, Hayakawa K, Shimokawa N, Sato-Kasai M, Kanba S. TNF-α from hippocampal microglia induces working memory deficits by acute stress in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 55:17-24. [PMID: 26551431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microglia in stress responses has recently been highlighted, yet the underlying mechanisms of action remain unresolved. The present study examined disruption in working memory due to acute stress using the water-immersion resistant stress (WIRS) test in mice. Mice were subjected to acute WIRS, and biochemical, immunohistochemical, and behavioral assessments were conducted. Spontaneous alternations (working memory) significantly decreased after exposure to acute WIRS for 2h. We employed a 3D morphological analysis and site- and microglia-specific gene analysis techniques to detect microglial activity. Morphological changes in hippocampal microglia were not observed after acute stress, even when assessing ramification ratios and cell somata volumes. Interestingly, hippocampal tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were significantly elevated after acute stress, and acute stress-induced TNF-α was produced by hippocampal-ramified microglia. Conversely, plasma concentrations of TNF-α were not elevated after acute stress. Etanercept (TNF-α inhibitor) recovered working memory deficits in accordance with hippocampal TNF-α reductions. Overall, results suggest that TNF-α from hippocampal microglia is a key contributor to early-stage stress-to-mental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ohgidani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Sagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Hayakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Norihiro Shimokawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mina Sato-Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Soens M, Wang JCF, Berta T, Strichartz G. Systemic Progesterone Administration in Early Life Alters the Hyperalgesic Responses to Surgery in the Adult: A Study on Female Rats. Anesth Analg 2015; 121:545-55. [PMID: 26076389 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has recently been a substantial increase in the survival of prematurely born neonates and an increase of in utero surgeries. Noxious stimulation in the newborn alters the pain response to injury in adult life. Progesterone, an effective antihyperalgesic agent in the adult, is at high concentration in the pregnant mother. Therefore, we investigated the effects of early-life progesterone on postsurgical outcomes in adult rats. METHODS Female rat pups were administered progesterone or vehicle during the first 7 days postpartum (P1-P7). A second control group had no injections. Half of each of these groups received an incision of the hindpaw at P3 and the other half did not. At P60, all groups of these now adult rats received a second paw incision. Tactile sensitivity and thermal sensitivity were measured weekly at P14-P42 (period I), at P60 (just before the second incision), and every 2 days of P61-P70 (period II). At P67, rats were fixed by systemic paraformaldehyde perfusion and their spinal cords taken for staining and immunocytochemical analysis of activated p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. RESULTS Rats with surgery at P3 had greater tactile and thermal hyperalgesia in period I than the nonoperated rats, a difference abolished by progesterone treatment. P3 incision also resulted in long-lasting tactile and thermal hyperalgesia after the P60 incision (period II), both of which were markedly smaller in degree and faster to resolve in rats receiving early progesterone. Even in rats that were not operated on in period I, neonatal progesterone lessened the tactile hyperalgesia in period II. More spinal cells showed p-p38 staining in vehicle-treated rats as a result of the early-life incision but not in those treated with progesterone. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that endogenously high progesterone in utero may have a similarly protective action and that the development of nociceptive circuitry can be strongly influenced by neonatal progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Soens
- From the *Women's Pain Group and the †Pain Research Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and ‡Pain Signaling and Plasticity Laboratory, Departments of Anesthesiology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Reppermund S, Zhuang L, Wen W, Slavin MJ, Trollor JN, Brodaty H, Sachdev PS. White matter integrity and late-life depression in community-dwelling individuals: diffusion tensor imaging study using tract-based spatial statistics. Br J Psychiatry 2014; 205:315-20. [PMID: 25147370 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.142109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-life depression has been associated with white matter changes in studies using the regions of interest approach. AIMS To investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between white matter integrity and depression in community-dwelling individuals using diffusion tensor imaging with tract-based spatial statistics. METHOD The sample comprised 381 participants aged between 72 and 92 years who were assessed twice within 2 years. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale. Tract-based spatial statistics were applied to investigate white matter integrity in currently depressed v. non-depressed elderly people and in those with a history of depression v. no history of depression. The relationship between white matter integrity and development of depressive symptoms after 2 years were analysed with logistic regression. RESULTS Individuals with current depression had widespread white matter integrity reduction compared with non-depressed elderly people. Significant fractional anisotropy reductions were found in 45 brain areas with the most notable findings in the frontal lobe, association and projection fibres. A history of depression was not associated with reduced fractional anisotropy. White matter changes in the superior frontal gyrus, posterior thalamic radiation, superior longitudinal fasciculus and in the body of corpus callosum predicted depression at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Reduced white matter integrity is associated with late-life depression and predicts future depressive symptoms whereas a history of depression is not related to white matter changes. Disruption to white matter integrity may be a biomarker to predict late-life depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Reppermund
- Simone Reppermund, PhD, Lin Zhuang, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Wei Wen, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales and Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney; Melissa J. Slavin, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Julian N. Trollor, MD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Henry Brodaty, MD, DSc, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales and Aged Care Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney; Perminder S. Sachdev, MD, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney and Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lin Zhuang
- Simone Reppermund, PhD, Lin Zhuang, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Wei Wen, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales and Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney; Melissa J. Slavin, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Julian N. Trollor, MD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Henry Brodaty, MD, DSc, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales and Aged Care Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney; Perminder S. Sachdev, MD, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney and Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Simone Reppermund, PhD, Lin Zhuang, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Wei Wen, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales and Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney; Melissa J. Slavin, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Julian N. Trollor, MD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Henry Brodaty, MD, DSc, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales and Aged Care Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney; Perminder S. Sachdev, MD, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney and Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa J Slavin
- Simone Reppermund, PhD, Lin Zhuang, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Wei Wen, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales and Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney; Melissa J. Slavin, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Julian N. Trollor, MD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Henry Brodaty, MD, DSc, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales and Aged Care Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney; Perminder S. Sachdev, MD, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney and Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Simone Reppermund, PhD, Lin Zhuang, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Wei Wen, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales and Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney; Melissa J. Slavin, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Julian N. Trollor, MD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Henry Brodaty, MD, DSc, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales and Aged Care Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney; Perminder S. Sachdev, MD, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney and Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Simone Reppermund, PhD, Lin Zhuang, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Wei Wen, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales and Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney; Melissa J. Slavin, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Julian N. Trollor, MD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Henry Brodaty, MD, DSc, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales and Aged Care Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney; Perminder S. Sachdev, MD, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney and Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Simone Reppermund, PhD, Lin Zhuang, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Wei Wen, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales and Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney; Melissa J. Slavin, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Julian N. Trollor, MD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; Henry Brodaty, MD, DSc, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales and Aged Care Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney; Perminder S. Sachdev, MD, PhD, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney and Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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