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Wang Y, Li J, Nakahata S, Iha H. Complex Role of Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) in the Tumor Microenvironment: Their Molecular Mechanisms and Bidirectional Effects on Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7346. [PMID: 39000453 PMCID: PMC11242872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) possess unique immunosuppressive activity among CD4-positive T cells. Tregs are ubiquitously present in mammals and function to calm excessive immune responses, thereby suppressing allergies or autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, due to their immunosuppressive function, Tregs are thought to promote cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a multicellular system composed of many cell types, including tumor cells, infiltrating immune cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Within this environment, Tregs are recruited by chemokines and metabolic factors and impede effective anti-tumor responses. However, in some cases, their presence can also improve patient's survival rates. Their functional consequences may vary across tumor types, locations, and stages. An in-depth understanding of the precise roles and mechanisms of actions of Treg is crucial for developing effective treatments, emphasizing the need for further investigation and validation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the complex and multifaceted roles of Tregs within the TME, elucidating cellular communications, signaling pathways, and their impacts on tumor progression and highlighting their potential anti-tumor mechanisms through interactions with functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Japan;
| | - Jiazhou Li
- Division of Biological Information Technology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
- Division of HTLV-1/ATL Carcinogenesis and Therapeutics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Shingo Nakahata
- Division of HTLV-1/ATL Carcinogenesis and Therapeutics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Hidekatsu Iha
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Japan;
- Division of Pathophysiology, The Research Center for GLOBAL and LOCAL Infectious Diseases (RCGLID), Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan
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2
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Deng R, Zhu Y, Liu K, Zhang Q, Hu S, Wang M, Zhang Y. Genetic loss of Nrf1 and Nrf2 leads to distinct metabolism reprogramming of HepG2 cells by opposing regulation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling pathway. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107212. [PMID: 38377819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
As a vital hallmarker of cancer, the metabolic reprogramming has been shown to play a pivotal role in tumour occurrence, metastasis and drug resistance. Amongst a vast variety of signalling molecules and metabolic enzymes involved in the regulation of cancer metabolism, two key transcription factors Nrf1 and Nrf2 are required for redox signal transduction and metabolic homeostasis. However, the regulatory effects of Nrf1 and Nrf2 (both encoded by Nfe2l1 and Nfe2l2, respectively) on the metabolic reprogramming of hepatocellular carcinoma cells have been not well understood to date. Here, we found that the genetic deletion of Nrf1 and Nrf2 from HepG2 cells resulted in distinct metabolic reprogramming. Loss of Nrf1α led to enhanced glycolysis, reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption, enhanced gluconeogenesis and activation of the pentose phosphate pathway in the hepatocellular carcinoma cells. By striking contrast, loss of Nrf2 attenuated the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways, but with not any significant effects on the pentose phosphate pathway. Moreover, knockout of Nrf1α also caused fat deposition and increased amino acid synthesis and transport, especially serine synthesis, whilst Nrf2 deficiency did not cause fat deposition, but attenuated amino acid synthesis and transport. Further experiments revealed that such distinctive metabolic programming of between Nrf1α-/- and Nrf2-/- resulted from substantial activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling pathway upon the loss of Nrf1, leading to increased expression of critical genes for the glucose uptake, glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the de novo lipid synthesis, whereas deficiency of Nrf2 resulted in the opposite phenomenon by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Altogether, these provide a novel insight into the cancer metabolic reprogramming and guide the exploration of a new strategy for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhen Deng
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuping Zhu
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China; school of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No. 6 Aokang Avenue, Gui'an New District, Guizhou 561113, China
| | - Keli Liu
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shaofan Hu
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yiguo Zhang
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Huang L, Li H, Zhang C, Chen Q, Liu Z, Zhang J, Luo P, Wei T. Unlocking the potential of T-cell metabolism reprogramming: Advancing single-cell approaches for precision immunotherapy in tumour immunity. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1620. [PMID: 38468489 PMCID: PMC10928360 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
As single-cell RNA sequencing enables the detailed clustering of T-cell subpopulations and facilitates the analysis of T-cell metabolic states and metabolite dynamics, it has gained prominence as the preferred tool for understanding heterogeneous cellular metabolism. Furthermore, the synergistic or inhibitory effects of various metabolic pathways within T cells in the tumour microenvironment are coordinated, and increased activity of specific metabolic pathways generally corresponds to increased functional activity, leading to diverse T-cell behaviours related to the effects of tumour immune cells, which shows the potential of tumour-specific T cells to induce persistent immune responses. A holistic understanding of how metabolic heterogeneity governs the immune function of specific T-cell subsets is key to obtaining field-level insights into immunometabolism. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms underlying the interplay between T-cell metabolism and immune functions will pave the way for precise immunotherapy approaches in the future, which will empower us to explore new methods for combating tumours with enhanced efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihaoyun Huang
- Department of OncologyZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The First Clinical Medical SchoolSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of OncologyTaishan People's HospitalGuangzhouChina
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of PathophysiologyPeking Union Medical CollegeInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of OncologyZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The First Clinical Medical SchoolSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of OncologyZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The First Clinical Medical SchoolSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of OncologyZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The First Clinical Medical SchoolSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Moosburner M, Alibegovic L, Hasselmann K, Gaiderov A, Hildebrand J, Philippou-Massier J, Blum H, Fischer L, Dreyling M, Silkenstedt E. Combined treatment with crizotinib and temsirolimus is an effective strategy in mantle cell lymphoma and can overcome acquired resistance to temsirolimus. Hematol Oncol 2023; 41:858-868. [PMID: 37300279 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR-pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), leading to approval of the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus for relapsed or refractory MCL. Yet, despite favorable initial response rates, early relapses under treatment have been observed. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of temsirolimus resistance and developing strategies to overcome it is highly warranted. Here, we established a new temsirolimus-resistant MCL cell line to evaluate the molecular background of resistance to this drug. Transcriptome profiling and gene set enrichment analysis comparing temsirolimus-sensitive and -resistant cell lines showed significant upregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTor-, RAS signaling- and the RTK-dependent PDGFR-, FGFR-, Met- and ALK-signaling-pathways in the resistant cells. Furthermore, MET, known as important proto-oncogene and mediator of drug resistance, was among the most upregulated genes in the resistant cells. Importantly, Met protein was overexpressed in both, MCL cells with acquired as well as intrinsic temsirolimus resistance, but could not be detected in any of the temsirolimus sensitive ones. Combined pharmacological inhibition of mTOR and Met signaling with temsirolimus and the RTK inhibitor crizotinib significantly restored sensitivity to temsirolimus. Furthermore, this combined treatment proved to be synergistic in all MCL cell lines investigated and was also active in primary MCL cells. In summary, we showed for the first time that overexpression of MET plays an important role for mediating temsirolimus resistance in MCL and combined treatment with temsirolimus and crizotinib is a very promising therapeutic approach for MCL and an effective strategy to overcome temsirolimus resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Moosburner
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lamija Alibegovic
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Korbinian Hasselmann
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anton Gaiderov
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Hildebrand
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Philippou-Massier
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Fischer
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital Großhadern of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dreyling
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital Großhadern of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Silkenstedt
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital Großhadern of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Dedert CJ, Bagdady KR, Fisher JS. Prior Treatment with AICAR Causes the Selective Phosphorylation of mTOR Substrates in C2C12 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8040-8052. [PMID: 37886951 PMCID: PMC10605383 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic stress in skeletal muscle cells causes sustained metabolic changes, but the mechanisms of the prolonged effects are not fully known. In this study, we tested C2C12 cells with the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) stimulator AICAR and measured the changes in the metabolic pathways and signaling kinases. AICAR caused an acute increase in the phosphorylation of the AMPK target ULK1, the mTORC1 substrate S6K, and the mTORC2 target Akt. Intriguingly, prior exposure to AICAR only decreased glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity when it underwent three-hour recovery after exposure to AICAR in a bicarbonate buffer containing glucose (KHB) instead of Dulbecco's Minimum Essential Medium (DMEM). The phosphorylation of the mTORC1 target S6K was increased after recovery in DMEM but not KHB, although this appeared to be specific to S6K, as the phosphorylation of the mTORC1 target site on ULK1 was not altered when the cells recovered in DMEM. The phosphorylation of mTORC2 target sites was also heterogenous under these conditions, with Akt increasing at serine 473 while other targets (SGK1 and PKCα) were unaffected. The exposure of cells to rapamycin (an mTORC1 inhibitor) and PP242 (an inhibitor of both mTOR complexes) revealed the differential phosphorylation of mTORC2 substrates. Taken together, the data suggest that prior exposure to AICAR causes the selective phosphorylation of mTOR substrates, even after prolonged recovery in a nutrient-replete medium.
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Song M, Wang Y, Annex BH, Popel AS. Experiment-based computational model predicts that IL-6 classic and trans-signaling exhibit similar potency in inducing downstream signaling in endothelial cells. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:45. [PMID: 37735165 PMCID: PMC10514195 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokine mediated responses are important in the development of many diseases that are associated with angiogenesis. Targeting angiogenesis as a prominent strategy has shown limited effects in many contexts such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. One potential reason for the unsuccessful outcome is the mutual dependent role between inflammation and angiogenesis. Inflammation-based therapies primarily target inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) in T cells, macrophages, cancer cells, and muscle cells, and there is a limited understanding of how these cytokines act on endothelial cells. Thus, we focus on one of the major inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, mediated intracellular signaling in endothelial cells by developing a detailed computational model. Our model quantitatively characterized the effects of IL-6 classic and trans-signaling in activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to phosphorylate STAT3, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt, respectively. We applied the trained and validated experiment-based computational model to characterize the dynamics of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), Akt (pAkt), and ERK (pERK) in response to IL-6 classic and/or trans-signaling. The model predicts that IL-6 classic and trans-signaling induced responses are IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) dose-dependent. Also, IL-6 classic and trans-signaling showed similar potency in inducing downstream signaling; however, trans-signaling induces stronger downstream responses and plays a dominant role in the overall effects from IL-6 due to the in vitro experimental setting of abundant sIL-6R. In addition, both IL-6 and sIL-6R levels regulate signaling strength. Moreover, our model identifies the influential species and kinetic parameters that specifically modulate the downstream inflammatory and/or angiogenic signals, pSTAT3, pAkt, and pERK responses. Overall, the model predicts the effects of IL-6 classic and/or trans-signaling stimulation quantitatively and provides a framework for analyzing and integrating experimental data. More broadly, this model can be utilized to identify potential targets that influence IL-6 mediated signaling in endothelial cells and to study their effects quantitatively in modulating STAT3, Akt, and ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Youli Wang
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Devos M, Dias Nunes J, Donfack Jiatsa N, Demeestere I. Regulation of follicular activation signaling pathways by in vitro inhibition of YAP/TAZ activity in mouse ovaries. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15346. [PMID: 37714905 PMCID: PMC10504383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of follicular activation, which constitutes the first step of the folliculogenesis process. Disruption of this pathway occurs in several non-physiological contexts, after fragmentation for ovarian tissue cryopreservation procedures or chemotherapy exposure, leading to massive follicular growth and depletion. This study aimed to investigate the effect of controlling the Hippo pathway using verteporfin (VERT) during in vitro ovarian culture and to evaluate its potential preventive effects on chemotherapy-induced follicle activation using a mouse model. After exposure of cut ovaries to different concentrations of VERT for 3 h, a dose-dependent effect of VERT was observed that reached significant inhibition of YAP activity at 3 µmol/L. To assess the potential effect of controlling chemotherapy-induced Hippo pathway disruption, whole mouse ovaries were exposed to VERT alone or as a co-treatment with 4-hydroperoxycylophosphamide (4HC). VERT co-treatment prevented chemotherapy-induced YAP activation but had a limited impact on downstream effector gene, Ccn2. Surprisingly, VERT co-treatment also prevented mTOR and survival signaling pathway alterations following chemotherapy exposure. These results suggest an interaction between the two main signaling pathways regulating follicle activation and a protective effect of VERT on 4HC-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Devos
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme CP636, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joana Dias Nunes
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme CP636, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Donfack Jiatsa
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme CP636, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Demeestere
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme CP636, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
- Fertility Clinic, HUB-Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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Mayor E. Neurotrophic effects of intermittent fasting, calorie restriction and exercise: a review and annotated bibliography. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1161814. [PMID: 37334045 PMCID: PMC10273285 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1161814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, important progress has been achieved in the understanding of the neurotrophic effects of intermittent fasting (IF), calorie restriction (CR) and exercise. Improved neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis (NSPAN) are essential examples of these neurotrophic effects. The importance in this respect of the metabolic switch from glucose to ketone bodies as cellular fuel has been highlighted. More recently, calorie restriction mimetics (CRMs; resveratrol and other polyphenols in particular) have been investigated thoroughly in relation to NSPAN. In the narrative review sections of this manuscript, recent findings on these essential functions are synthesized and the most important molecules involved are presented. The most researched signaling pathways (PI3K, Akt, mTOR, AMPK, GSK3β, ULK, MAPK, PGC-1α, NF-κB, sirtuins, Notch, Sonic hedgehog and Wnt) and processes (e.g., anti-inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis) that support or thwart neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis are then briefly presented. This provides an accessible entry point to the literature. In the annotated bibliography section of this contribution, brief summaries are provided of about 30 literature reviews relating to the neurotrophic effects of interest in relation to IF, CR, CRMs and exercise. Most of the selected reviews address these essential functions from the perspective of healthier aging (sometimes discussing epigenetic factors) and the reduction of the risk for neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease) and depression or the improvement of cognitive function.
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Gomes D, Sobolewski C, Conzelmann S, Schaer T, Lefai E, Alfaiate D, Tseligka ED, Goossens N, Tapparel C, Negro F, Foti M, Clément S. ANGPTL4 is a potential driver of HCV-induced peripheral insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6767. [PMID: 37185283 PMCID: PMC10130097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is associated with the development of metabolic disorders, including both hepatic and extra-hepatic insulin resistance (IR). Here, we aimed at identifying liver-derived factor(s) potentially inducing peripheral IR and uncovering the mechanisms whereby HCV can regulate the action of these factors. We found ANGPTL4 (Angiopoietin Like 4) mRNA expression levels to positively correlate with HCV RNA (r = 0.46, p < 0.03) and HOMA-IR score (r = 0.51, p = 0.01) in liver biopsies of lean CHC patients. Moreover, we observed an upregulation of ANGPTL4 expression in two models recapitulating HCV-induced peripheral IR, i.e. mice expressing core protein of HCV genotype 3a (HCV-3a core) in hepatocytes and hepatoma cells transduced with HCV-3a core. Treatment of differentiated myocytes with recombinant ANGPTL4 reduced insulin-induced Akt-Ser473 phosphorylation. In contrast, conditioned medium from ANGPTL4-KO hepatoma cells prevented muscle cells from HCV-3a core induced IR. Treatment of HCV-3a core expressing HepG2 cells with PPARγ antagonist resulted in a decrease of HCV-core induced ANGPTL4 upregulation. Together, our data identified ANGPTL4 as a potential driver of HCV-induced IR and may provide working hypotheses aimed at understanding the pathogenesis of IR in the setting of other chronic liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gomes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, CHU Lille, Inserm, University Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Conzelmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tifany Schaer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Lefai
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dulce Alfaiate
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon University Hospitals, Lyon, France
| | - Eirini D Tseligka
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Goossens
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Negro
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Clinical Pathology Division, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Clément
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Clinical Pathology Division, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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An In Vitro Analysis of TKI-Based Sequence Therapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065648. [PMID: 36982721 PMCID: PMC10058472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) cabozantinib might impede the growth of the sunitinib-resistant cell lines by targeting MET and AXL overexpression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We studied the role of MET and AXL in the response to cabozantinib, particularly following long-term administration with sunitinib. Two sunitinib-resistant cell lines, 786-O/S and Caki-2/S, and the matching 786-O/WT and Caki-2/WT cells were exposed to cabozantinib. The drug response was cell-line-specific. The 786-O/S cells were less growth-inhibited by cabozantinib than 786-O/WT cells (p-value = 0.02). In 786-O/S cells, the high level of phosphorylation of MET and AXL was not affected by cabozantinib. Despite cabozantinib hampering the high constitutive phosphorylation of MET, the Caki-2 cells showed low sensitivity to cabozantinib, and this was independent of sunitinib pretreatment. In both sunitinib-resistant cell lines, cabozantinib increased Src-FAK activation and impeded mTOR expression. The modulation of ERK and AKT was cell-line-specific, mirroring the heterogeneity among the patients. Overall, the MET- and AXL-driven status did not affect cell responsiveness to cabozantinib in the second-line treatment. The activation of Src-FAK might counteract cabozantinib activity and contribute to tumor survival and may be considered an early indicator of therapy response.
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11
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Harries LW. Dysregulated RNA processing and metabolism: a new hallmark of ageing and provocation for cellular senescence. FEBS J 2023; 290:1221-1234. [PMID: 35460337 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The human genome is capable of producing hundreds of thousands of different proteins and non-coding RNAs from <20 000 genes, in a co-ordinated and regulated fashion. This is achieved by a collection of phenomena known as mRNA processing and metabolism, and encompasses events in the life cycle of an RNA from synthesis to degradation. These factors are critical determinants of cellular adaptability and plasticity, which allows the cell to adjust its transcriptomic output in response to its internal and external environment. Evidence is building that dysfunctional RNA processing and metabolism may be a key contributor to the development of cellular senescence. Senescent cells by definition have exited cell cycle, but have gained functional features such as the secretion of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a known driver of chronic disease and perhaps even ageing itself. In this review, I will outline the impact of dysregulated mRNA processing and metabolism on senescence and ageing at the level of genes, cells and systems, and describe the mechanisms by which progressive deterioration in these processes may impact senescence and organismal ageing. Finally, I will present the evidence implicating this important process as a new hallmark of ageing, which could be harnessed in the future to develop new senotherapeutic interventions for chronic disease.
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12
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Song M, Wang Y, Annex BH, Popel AS. Experiment-based Computational Model Predicts that IL-6 Trans-Signaling Plays a Dominant Role in IL-6 mediated signaling in Endothelial Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.526721. [PMID: 36778489 PMCID: PMC9915676 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.526721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokine mediated responses are important in the development of many diseases that are associated with angiogenesis. Targeting angiogenesis as a prominent strategy has shown limited effects in many contexts such as peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and cancer. One potential reason for the unsuccessful outcome is the mutual dependent role between inflammation and angiogenesis. Inflammation-based therapies primarily target inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) in T cells, macrophages, cancer cells, muscle cells, and there is a limited understanding of how these cytokines act on endothelial cells. Thus, we focus on one of the major inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, mediated intracellular signaling in endothelial cells by developing a detailed computational model. Our model quantitatively characterized the effects of IL-6 classic and trans-signaling in activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to phosphorylate STAT3, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt, respectively. We applied the trained and validated experiment-based computational model to characterize the dynamics of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), Akt (pAkt), and extracellular regulated kinase (pERK) in response to IL-6 classic and/or trans-signaling. The model predicts that IL-6 classic and trans-signaling induced responses are IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) dose-dependent. Also, IL-6 trans-signaling induces stronger downstream signaling and plays a dominant role in the overall effects from IL-6. In addition, both IL-6 and sIL-6R levels regulate signaling strength. Moreover, our model identifies the influential species and kinetic parameters that specifically modulate the pSTAT3, pAkt, and pERK responses, which represent potential targets for inflammatory cytokine mediated signaling and angiogenesis-based therapies. Overall, the model predicts the effects of IL-6 classic and/or trans-signaling stimulation quantitatively and provides a framework for analyzing and integrating experimental data. More broadly, this model can be utilized to identify targets that influence inflammatory cytokine mediated signaling in endothelial cells and to study the effects of angiogenesis- and inflammation-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21205
| | - Youli Wang
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA 30912
| | - Brian H. Annex
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA 30912
| | - Aleksander S. Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21205
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13
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Chen QY, Gao B, Tong D, Huang C. Crosstalk between extracellular vesicles and tumor-associated macrophage in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2023; 552:215979. [PMID: 36306939 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In concert with hijacking key genes to drive tumor progression, cancer cells also have the unique ability to dynamically interact with host microenvironment and discreetly manipulate the surrounding stroma, also known as the tumor microenvironment (TME), to provide optimal conditions for tumor cells to thrive and evade host immunity. Complex cellular crosstalk and molecular signaling between cancer cells, surrounding non-malignant cells, and non-cellular components are involved in this process. While intercellular communication traditionally centers around chemokines, cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and growth factors, emerging pathways involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining increasing attention. The immunosuppressive TME is created and maintained in part by the large abundance of tumor-associated macrophages (TMAs), which are associated with drug resistance, poor prognosis, and have emerged as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. TMAs are highly dynamic, and can be polarized into either M1 or M2-like macrophages. EVs are efficient cell-cell communication molecules that have been catapulted to the center of TMA polarization. In this article, we provide detailed examination of the determinative role of EVs in sustaining the TME through mediating crosstalk between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Dongdong Tong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Biomedical Experimental Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Environmenta and Genes Related to Diseases Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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14
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Tanaka K, Chamoto K, Saeki S, Hatae R, Ikematsu Y, Sakai K, Ando N, Sonomura K, Kojima S, Taketsuna M, Kim YH, Yoshida H, Ozasa H, Sakamori Y, Hirano T, Matsuda F, Hirai T, Nishio K, Sakagami T, Fukushima M, Nakanishi Y, Honjo T, Okamoto I. Combination bezafibrate and nivolumab treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabq0021. [PMID: 36516270 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of cancer immunotherapies such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, patients often develop resistance. New combination therapies with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are needed to overcome this issue. Bezafibrate, a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor complexes, has shown a synergistic antitumor effect with PD-1 blockade in mice that is mediated by activation of mitochondria in T cells. We have therefore now performed a phase 1 trial (UMIN000017854) of bezafibrate with nivolumab in previously treated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The primary end point was the percentage of patients who experience dose-limiting toxicity, and this combination regimen was found to be well tolerated. Preplanned comprehensive analysis of plasma metabolites and gene expression in peripheral cytotoxic T cells indicated that bezafibrate promoted T cell function through up-regulation of mitochondrial metabolism including fatty acid oxidation and may thereby have prolonged the duration of response. This combination strategy targeting T cell metabolism thus has the potential to maintain antitumor activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors and warrants further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenji Chamoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sho Saeki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hatae
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Ikematsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Omuta National Hospital, Omuta 837-0911, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Ando
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sonomura
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Life Science Research Center, Technology Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kojima
- Translational Research Center for Medical Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masanori Taketsuna
- Translational Research Center for Medical Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Young Hak Kim
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hironori Yoshida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ozasa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sakamori
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hirano
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takuro Sakagami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | | | - Yoichi Nakanishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Kitakyushu City Hospital Organization, Kitakyushu 802-0082, Japan
| | - Tasuku Honjo
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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15
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Toma G, Karapetian E, Massa C, Quandt D, Seliger B. Characterization of the effect of histone deacetylation inhibitors on CD8 + T cells in the context of aging. J Transl Med 2022; 20:539. [PMID: 36419167 PMCID: PMC9682763 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttranslational protein modifications regulate essential cellular processes, including the immune cell activation. Despite known age-related alterations of the phenotype, composition and cytokine profiles of immune cells, the role of acetylation in the aging process of the immune system was not broadly investigated. Therefore, in the current study the effect of acetylation on the protein expression profiles and function of CD8+ T cells from donors of distinct age was analyzed using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). METHODS CD8+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 30 young (< 30 years) and 30 old (> 60 years) healthy donors were activated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies in the presence and absence of a cocktail of HDACi. The protein expression profiles of untreated and HDACi-treated CD8+ T cells were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins with a differential expression level (less than 0.66-fold decrease or more than 1.5-fold increase) between CD8+ T cells of young and old donors were identified by matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Functional enrichment analysis of proteins identified was performed using the online tool STRING. The function of CD8+ T cells was assessed by analyses of cytokine secretion, surface expression of activation markers, proliferative capacity and apoptosis rate. RESULTS The HDACi treatment of CD8+ T cells increased in an age-independent manner the intracellular acetylation of proteins, in particular cytoskeleton components and chaperones. Despite a strong similarity between the protein expression profiles of both age groups, the functional activity of CD8+ T cells significantly differed with an age-dependent increase in cytokine secretion and expression of activation markers for CD8+ T cells from old donors, which was maintained after HDACi treatment. The proliferation and apoptosis rate of CD8+ T cells after HDACi treatment was equal between both age groups. CONCLUSIONS Despite a comparable effect of HDACi treatment on the protein signature of CD8+ T cells from donors of different ages, an initial higher functionality of CD8+ T cells from old donors when compared to CD8+ T cells from young donors was detected, which might have clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Toma
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Eliza Karapetian
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Chiara Massa
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Dagmar Quandt
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle, Germany ,grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Zandani G, Anavi-Cohen S, Yudelevich T, Nyska A, Dudai N, Madar Z, Gorelick J. Chiliadenus iphionoides Reduces Body Weight and Improves Parameters Related to Hepatic Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in a High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mice Model of NAFLD. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214552. [PMID: 36364811 PMCID: PMC9657349 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an epidemic with increasing prevalence. Limited treatment options and poor adherence emphasize the urgent need for novel therapies for the treatment and/or prevention of NAFLD. Bioactive natural compounds found in medicinal plants are promising as novel therapeutic agents for NAFLD. Chiliadenus iphionoides, a medicinal plant with several health-promoting properties, is an encouraging candidate. The current study aimed to elucidate the metabolic effects of C. iphionoides consumption in a high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced model of NAFLD. Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 40, 7–8-week-old) were fed a HFD (60% fat) with/without 0.5 or 2.5 gr C. iphionoides for fifteen weeks. Diet supplementation with C. iphionoides significantly ameliorated HFD-induced weight gain. Likewise, liver and adipose tissue weights were profoundly lower in the C. iphionoides-fed groups. Reduced liver steatosis in those groups was corroborated by histology, plasma liver enzyme levels, and lipid profile, indicating improved liver function and lipid metabolism in addition to enhanced insulin sensitivity. The addition of C. iphionoides to an obesogeneic diet can beneficially alleviate metabolic alterations and may be a practicable strategy for the management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Zandani
- The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7670110, Israel
| | - Sarit Anavi-Cohen
- School of Nutritional Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot 7610202, Israel
| | - Tamar Yudelevich
- The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7670110, Israel
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Nativ Dudai
- Unit of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
| | - Zecharia Madar
- The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7670110, Israel
| | - Jonathan Gorelick
- Eastern Regional R&D Center, Kiryat Arba 90100, Israel
- Correspondence:
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17
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The Promotion of Migration and Myogenic Differentiation in Skeletal Muscle Cells by Quercetin and Underlying Mechanisms. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194106. [PMID: 36235757 PMCID: PMC9572605 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and muscle disorders frequently cause a decrease in myoblast migration and differentiation, leading to losses in skeletal muscle function and regeneration. Several studies have reported that natural flavonoids can stimulate muscle development. Quercetin, one such flavonoid found in many vegetables and fruits, has been used to promote muscle development. In this study, we investigated the effect of quercetin on migration and differentiation, two processes critical to muscle regeneration. We found that quercetin induced the migration and differentiation of mouse C2C12 cells. These results indicated quercetin could induce myogenic differentiation at the early stage through activated p-IGF-1R. The molecular mechanisms of quercetin include the promotion of myogenic differentiation via activated transcription factors STAT3 and the AKT signaling pathway. In addition, we demonstrated that AKT activation is required for quercetin induction of myogenic differentiation to occur. In addition, quercetin was found to promote myoblast migration by regulating the ITGB1 signaling pathway and activating phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin. In conclusion, quercetin can potentially be used to induce migration and differentiation and thus improve muscle regeneration.
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18
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Ingelson-Filpula WA, Cheng H, Eaton L, Pamenter ME, Storey KB. Small RNA sequencing in hypoxic naked mole-rat hearts suggests microRNA regulation of RNA- and translation-related processes. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2821-2833. [PMID: 36120811 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) regularly endures intermittent periods of hypoxia in its burrows, surviving in part due to metabolic rate depression (MRD)-a strategy of conserving cellular resources by downregulating nonessential gene expression and reorganizing cellular processes. MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, noncoding RNAs already implicated for their roles in numerous models of extreme environmental stress; given their rapid, reversible nature, they are ideal for implementing MRD. We performed small RNA sequencing on cardiac tissue from normoxic vs. 24 h hypoxic naked mole-rats, and used bioinformatics to predict eighteen miRNAs which may be differentially regulated during hypoxia. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway mapping further suggest these miRNAs play roles in largely translation-related functions, including RNA processing and catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Aline Ingelson-Filpula
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Hang Cheng
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Marie-Curie Pvt, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 9A7, Canada
| | - Liam Eaton
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Marie-Curie Pvt, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 9A7, Canada
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Marie-Curie Pvt, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 9A7, Canada.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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19
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Asare O, Ayala Y, Hafeez BB, Ramirez-Correa GA, Cho YY, Kim DJ. Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and its Impacts on Cutaneous Phosphorylation Signaling in Carcinogenesis: Focusing on Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases †. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 99:344-355. [PMID: 36029171 DOI: 10.1111/php.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight exposure is a significant risk factor for UV-induced deteriorating transformations of epidermal homeostasis leading to skin carcinogenesis. The ability of UVB radiation to cause melanoma, as well as basal and squamous cell carcinomas, makes UVB the most harmful among the three known UV ranges. UVB-induced DNA mutations and dysregulation of signaling pathways contribute to skin cancer formation. Among various signaling pathways modulated by UVB, tyrosine phosphorylation signaling which is mediated by the action of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) on specific tyrosine residues is highly implicated in photocarcinogenesis. Following UVB irradiation, PTKs get activated and their downstream signaling pathways contribute to photocarcinogenesis by promoting the survival of damaged keratinocytes and increasing cell proliferation. While UVB activates oncogenic signaling pathways, it can also activate tumor suppressive signaling pathways as initial protective mechanisms to maintain epidermal homeostasis. Tyrosine dephosphorylation is one of the protective mechanisms and is mediated by the action of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTP can counteract UVB-mediated PTK activation and downregulate oncogenic signaling pathways. However, PTPs have not been studied extensively in photocarcinogenesis with previous studies regarding their inactivation induced by UVB. This current review will summarize the recent progress in the protective function of PTPs in epidermal photocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obed Asare
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX
| | - Yasmin Ayala
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX
| | - Bilal Bin Hafeez
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX.,South Texas Center for Excellence in Cancer Research, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX
| | - Genaro A Ramirez-Correa
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Korea
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX.,South Texas Center for Excellence in Cancer Research, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX.,Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX
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20
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Pandit M, Timilshina M, Gu Y, Acharya S, Chung Y, Seo SU, Chang JH. AMPK suppresses Th2 cell responses by repressing mTORC2. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1214-1224. [PMID: 35999454 PMCID: PMC9440126 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic inflammation is a T helper 2 (Th2) cell-driven pathophysiological phenomenon, but the mechanism by which the metabolic cascade affects Th2 cell differentiation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and intracellular energy sensors in Th2 cell differentiation and the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation. Accordingly, T-cell-specific AMPK or Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1)-knockout mice were subjected to allergic inflammation, and their Th2 cell responses were investigated. The results demonstrated that inducing allergic inflammation in AMPK- and Sirt1-knockout mice increased Th2 cell responses and exacerbated allergic phenotypes. Furthermore, treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, ameliorated allergic inflammation in mice. Mechanistically, our findings revealed that AMPK repressed mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), which downregulated the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 (SOCS5) in CD4+ T cells. In addition, the loss of AMPK signaling reduced SOCS5 expression and increased interleukin-4-STAT6-GATA3 axis-mediated Th2 cell differentiation. Finally, the T-cell-specific deletion of Rictor, a member of mTORC2, in Sirt1T-KO mice led to the reversal of allergic exacerbation to the level in control mice. Overall, our findings suggest that AMPK in CD4+ T cells inhibits the differentiation of Th2 cells by repressing mTORC2 and thus serves as a potential target for Th2 cell-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Pandit
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ye Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Suman Acharya
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hoon Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Chen Z, Guo Q, Song G, Hou Y. Molecular regulation of hematopoietic stem cell quiescence. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:218. [PMID: 35357574 PMCID: PMC11072845 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are primarily dormant in a cell-cycle quiescence state to preserve their self-renewal capacity and long-term maintenance, which is essential for the homeostasis of hematopoietic system. Dysregulation of quiescence causes HSC dysfunction and may result in aberrant hematopoiesis (e.g., myelodysplastic syndrome and bone marrow failure syndromes) and leukemia transformation. Accumulating evidence indicates that both intrinsic molecular networks and extrinsic signals regulate HSC quiescence, including cell-cycle regulators, transcription factors, epigenetic factors, and niche factors. Further, the transition between quiescence and activation of HSCs is a continuous developmental path driven by cell metabolism (e.g., protein synthesis, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and autophagy). Elucidating the complex regulatory networks of HSC quiescence will expand the knowledge of HSC hemostasis and benefit for clinical HSC use. Here, we review the current understanding and progression on the molecular and metabolic regulation of HSC quiescence, providing a more complete picture regarding the mechanisms of HSC quiescence maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Yu Hou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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22
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Martin-Fernandez ML. Fluorescence Imaging of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030686. [PMID: 35158954 PMCID: PMC8833717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with a low (<21%) 5-year survival rate. Lung cancer is often driven by the misfunction of molecules on the surface of cells of the epithelium, which orchestrate mechanisms by which these cells grow and proliferate. Beyond common non-specific treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, among molecular-specific treatments, a number of small-molecule drugs that block cancer-driven molecular activity have been developed. These drugs initially have significant success in a subset of patients, but these patients systematically develop resistance within approximately one year of therapy. Substantial efforts towards understanding the mechanisms of resistance have focused on the genomics of cancer progression, the response of cells to the drugs, and the cellular changes that allow resistance to develop. Fluorescence microscopy of many flavours has significantly contributed to the last two areas, and is the subject of this review. Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a complex disease often driven by activating mutations or amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, which expresses a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase. Targeted anti-EGFR treatments include small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), among which gefitinib and erlotinib are the best studied, and their function more often imaged. TKIs block EGFR activation, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells addicted to EGFR signals. It is not understood why TKIs do not work in tumours driven by EGFR overexpression but do so in tumours bearing classical activating EGFR mutations, although the latter develop resistance in about one year. Fluorescence imaging played a crucial part in research efforts to understand pro-survival mechanisms, including the dysregulation of autophagy and endocytosis, by which cells overcome the intendedly lethal TKI-induced EGFR signalling block. At their core, pro-survival mechanisms are facilitated by TKI-induced changes in the function and conformation of EGFR and its interactors. This review brings together some of the main advances from fluorescence imaging in investigating TKI function and places them in the broader context of the TKI resistance field, highlighting some paradoxes and suggesting some areas where super-resolution and other emerging methods could make a further contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
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23
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Arumugam D, Ganesan S, Ayyakkalai Marikkannu KK. Molecular docking analysis of mTOR protein kinase with chromatographically characterized compounds from Clerodendrum inerme L. leaves extract. Bioinformation 2022; 18:381-386. [PMID: 36909695 PMCID: PMC9997495 DOI: 10.6026/97320630018381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mTOR protein is known to be linked with cancer. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis of mTOR protein kinase with chromatographically characterized compounds from Clerodendrum inerme L. leaves extract. The GC-MS analysis suggested that, totally 25 bioactive compounds were present in the extract of Clerodendrum inerme. Molecular docking analysis show that the bioactive compounds such as Triethoxysilanol, Piperazine dihydrochloridehydrate, 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 5-methyl and 4',7-Dihydroxyflavanone showed good glide score and glide energy within the acceptable and permissible limits of ADME properties for further consideration in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanalakshmi Arumugam
- Department of Zoology, N. M. S. S. Vellaichamy Nadar College, Madurai 625019, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sasireka Ganesan
- Department of Zoology, Sri Meenakshi Government Arts College for Women, Madurai 625002, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Bagheri P, Hoang K, Fung AA, Hussain S, Shi L. Visualizing Cancer Cell Metabolic Dynamics Regulated With Aromatic Amino Acids Using DO-SRS and 2PEF Microscopy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:779702. [PMID: 34977157 PMCID: PMC8714916 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.779702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative imbalance plays an essential role in the progression of many diseases that include cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Aromatic amino acids (AAA) such as phenylalanine and tryptophan have the capability of escalating oxidative stress because of their involvement in the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Here, we use D2O (heavy water) probed stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (DO-SRS) and two Photon Excitation Fluorescence (2PEF) microscopy as a multimodal imaging approach to visualize metabolic changes in HeLa cells under excess AAA such as phenylalanine or trytophan in culture media. The cellular spatial distribution of de novo lipogenesis, new protein synthesis, NADH, Flavin, unsaturated lipids, and saturated lipids were all imaged and quantified in this experiment. Our studies reveal ∼10% increase in de novo lipogenesis and the ratio of NADH to flavin, and ∼50% increase of the ratio of unsaturated lipids to saturated lipid in cells treated with excess phenylalanine or trytophan. In contrast, these cells exhibited a decrease in the protein synthesis rate by ∼10% under these AAA treatments. The cellular metabolic activities of these biomolecules are indicators of elevated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, 3D reconstruction images of lipid droplets were acquired and quantified to observe their spatial distribution around cells’ nuceli under different AAA culture media. We observed a higher number of lipid droplets in excess AAA conditions. Our study showcases that DO-SRS imaging can be used to quantitatively study how excess AAA regulates metabolic activities of cells with subcellular resolution in situ.
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25
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Akbarzadeh M, Mihanfar A, Akbarzadeh S, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. Crosstalk between miRNA and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in cancer. Life Sci 2021; 285:119984. [PMID: 34592229 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is one of the most important proliferative signaling pathways with critical undeniable function in various aspects of cancer initiation/progression, including proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. On the other hand, numerous genetic alterations in the key genes involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway have been identified in multiple solid and hematological tumors. In addition, accumulating recent evidences have demonstrated a reciprocal interaction between this signaling pathway and microRNAs, a large group of small non-coding RNAs. Therefore, in this review, it was attempted to discuss about the interaction between key components of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway with various miRNAs and their importance in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Department of biochemistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Department of biochemistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shabnam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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26
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Lioulia E, Mokos P, Panteris E, Dafou D. UBE2T promotes β-catenin nuclear translocation in hepatocellular carcinoma through MAPK/ERK-dependent activation. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1694-1713. [PMID: 34614271 PMCID: PMC9019890 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) has been implicated in many types of cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process plays a fundamental role during tumor metastasis and progression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying EMT in HCC in accordance with UBE2T still remain unknown. In this study, we showed that UBE2T overexpression augmented the oncogenic properties and specifically EMT in HCC cell lines, while its silencing attenuated them. UBE2T affected the activation of EMT‐associated signaling pathways: MAPK/ERK, AKT/mTOR, and Wnt/β‐catenin. In addition, we revealed that the epithelial protein complex of E‐cadherin/β‐catenin, a vital regulator of signal transduction in tumor initiation and progression, was totally disrupted at the cell membrane. In particular, we observed that UBE2T overexpression led to E‐cadherin loss accompanied by a simultaneous elevation of both cytoplasmic and nuclear β‐catenin, while its silencing resulted in a strong E‐cadherin turnover at the cell membrane. Interestingly, chemical inhibition of the MAPK/ERK, AKT/mTOR, and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathways demonstrated that the nuclear translocation of β‐catenin and subsequent EMT was enhanced mainly by MAPK/ERK. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the UBE2T/MAPK‐ERK/β‐catenin axis as a critical regulator of cell state transition and EMT in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Lioulia
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Mokos
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Dafou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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27
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PMEPA1/TMEPAI Is a Unique Tumorigenic Activator of AKT Promoting Proteasomal Degradation of PHLPP1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194934. [PMID: 34638419 PMCID: PMC8508116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane prostate androgen-induced protein (TMEPAI), also known as PMEPA1, is highly expressed in many types of cancer and promotes oncogenic abilities. However, the mechanisms whereby TMEPAI facilitates tumorigenesis are not fully understood. We previously established TMEPAI-knockout (KO) cells from human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines and found that TMEPAI-KO cells showed reduced tumorigenic abilities. Here, we report that TMEPAI-KO cells upregulated the expression of pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1) and suppressed AKT Ser473 phosphorylation, which was consistent with TCGA dataset analysis. Additionally, the knockdown (KD) of PHLPP1 in TMEPAI-KO cells partially but significantly rescued AKT Ser473 phosphorylation, as well as in vitro and in vivo tumorigenic activities, thus showing that TMEPAI functions as an oncogenic protein through the regulation of PHLPP1 subsequent to AKT activation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TMEPAI PPxY (PY) motifs are essential for binding to NEDD4-2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and PHLPP1-downregulatory ability. Moreover, TMEPAI enhanced the complex formation of PHLPP1 with NEDD4-2 and PHLPP1 polyubiquitination, which leads to its proteasomal degradation. These findings indicate that the PY motifs of TMEPAI suppress the amount of PHLPP1 and maintain AKT Ser473 phosphorylation at high levels to enhance the tumorigenic potentiality of TNBC.
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28
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Wu F, Chen Z, Liu J, Hou Y. The Akt-mTOR network at the interface of hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis. Exp Hematol 2021; 103:15-23. [PMID: 34464661 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are immature blood cells that exhibit multilineage differentiation capacity. Homeostasis is critical for HSC potential and lifelong hematopoiesis, and HSC homeostasis is tightly governed by both intrinsic molecular networks and microenvironmental signals. The evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase B (PKB, also referred to as Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is universal to nearly all multicellular organisms and plays an integral role in most cellular processes. Emerging evidence has revealed a central role of the Akt-mTOR network in HSC homeostasis, because it responds to multiple intracellular and extracellular signals and regulates various downstream targets, eventually affecting several cellular processes, including the cell cycle, mitochondrial metabolism, and protein synthesis. Dysregulated Akt-mTOR signaling greatly affects HSC self-renewal, maintenance, differentiation, survival, autophagy, and aging, as well as transformation of HSCs to leukemia stem cells. Here, we review recent works and provide an advanced understanding of how the Akt-mTOR network regulates HSC homeostasis, thus offering insights into future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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29
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Lv L, Yi Q, Yan Y, Chao F, Li M. SPNS2 Downregulation Induces EMT and Promotes Colorectal Cancer Metastasis via Activating AKT Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682773. [PMID: 34249729 PMCID: PMC8264774 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinster homologue 2 (SPNS2), a transporter of S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate), has been reported to mediate immune response, vascular development, and pathologic processes of diseases such as cancer via S1P signaling pathways. However, its biological functions and expression profile in colorectal cancer (CRC) is elusive. In this study, we disclosed that SPNS2 expression, which was regulated by copy number variation and DNA methylation of its promoter, was dramatically upregulated in colon adenoma and CRC compared to normal tissues. However, its expression was lower in CRC than in colon adenoma, and low expression of SPN2 correlated with advanced T/M/N stage and poor prognosis in CRC. Ectopic expression of SPNS2 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis in CRC cell lines, while silencing SPNS2 had the opposite effects. Meanwhile, measuring the intracellular and extracellular level of S1P after overexpression of SPNS2 pinpointed a S1P-independent model of SPNS2. Mechanically, SPNS2 led to PTEN upregulation and inactivation of Akt. Moreover, AKT inhibitor (MK2206) abrogated SPNS2 knockdown-induced promoting effects on the migration and invasion, while AKT activator (SC79) reversed the repression of migration and invasion by SPNS2 overexpression in CRC cells, confirming the pivotal role of AKT for SPNS2’s function. Collectively, our study demonstrated the suppressor role of SPNS2 during CRC metastasis, providing new insights into the pathology and molecular mechanisms of CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lv
- Department of Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiyi Yi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fengmei Chao
- Department of Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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30
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Kucera J, Horska K, Hruska P, Kuruczova D, Micale V, Ruda-Kucerova J, Bienertova-Vasku J. Interacting effects of the MAM model of schizophrenia and antipsychotic treatment: Untargeted proteomics approach in adipose tissue. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 108:110165. [PMID: 33152383 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disease associated with substantially higher mortality. Reduced life expectancy in schizophrenia relates to an increased prevalence of metabolic disturbance, and antipsychotic medication is a major contributor. Molecular mechanisms underlying adverse metabolic effects of antipsychotics are not fully understood; however, adipose tissue homeostasis deregulation appears to be a critical factor. We employed mass spectrometry-based untargeted proteomics to assess the effect of chronic olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol treatment in visceral adipose tissue of prenatally methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate exposed rats, a well-validated neurodevelopmental animal model of schizophrenia. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins was performed to highlight the pathways affected by MAM and the antipsychotics treatment. MAM model was associated with the deregulation of the TOR (target of rapamycin) signalling pathway. Notably, alterations in protein expression triggered by antipsychotics were observed only in schizophrenia-like MAM animals where we revealed hundreds of affected proteins according to our two-fold threshold, but not in control animals. Treatments with all antipsychotics in MAM rats resulted in the downregulation of mRNA processing and splicing, while drug-specific effects included among others upregulation of insulin resistance (olanzapine), upregulation of fatty acid metabolism (risperidone), and upregulation of nucleic acid metabolism (haloperidol). Our data indicate that deregulation of several energetic and metabolic pathways in adipose tissue is associated with APs administration and is prominent in MAM schizophrenia-like model but not in control animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kucera
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Horska
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hruska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kuruczova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Ruda-Kucerova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Julie Bienertova-Vasku
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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31
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Isolation and Establishment of a Highly Proliferative, Cancer Stem Cell-Like, and Naturally Immortalized Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line, KAIMRC2. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061303. [PMID: 34073849 PMCID: PMC8225085 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies of a disease are key to any in vivo investigation in understanding the disease and developing new therapy regimens. Immortalized cancer cell lines are the best and easiest model for studying cancer in vitro. Here, we report the establishment of a naturally immortalized highly tumorigenic and triple-negative breast cancer cell line, KAIMRC2. This cell line is derived from a Saudi Arabian female breast cancer patient with invasive ductal carcinoma. Immunocytochemistry showed a significant ratio of the KAIMRC2 cells’ expressing key breast epithelial and cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers, including CD47, CD133, CD49f, CD44, and ALDH-1A1. Gene and protein expression analysis showed overexpression of ABC transporter and AKT-PI3Kinase as well as JAK/STAT signaling pathways. In contrast, the absence of the tumor suppressor genes p53 and p73 may explain their high proliferative index. The mice model also confirmed the tumorigenic potential of the KAIMRC2 cell line, and drug tolerance studies revealed few very potent candidates. Our results confirmed an aggressive phenotype with metastatic potential and cancer stem cell-like characteristics of the KAIMR2 cell line. Furthermore, we have also presented potent small molecule inhibitors, especially Ryuvidine, that can be further developed, alone or in synergy with other potent inhibitors, to target multiple cancer-related pathways.
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32
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Deland L, Keane S, Olsson Bontell T, Sjögren H, Fagman H, Øra I, De La Cuesta E, Tisell M, Nilsson JA, Ejeskär K, Sabel M, Abel F. Discovery of a rare GKAP1-NTRK2 fusion in a pediatric low-grade glioma, leading to targeted treatment with TRK-inhibitor larotrectinib. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:184-195. [PMID: 33820494 PMCID: PMC8043191 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1899573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report a case of an 11-year-old girl with an inoperable tumor in the optic chiasm/hypothalamus, who experienced several tumor progressions despite three lines of chemotherapy treatment. Routine clinical examination classified the tumor as a BRAF-negative pilocytic astrocytoma. Copy-number variation profiling of fresh frozen tumor material identified two duplications in 9q21.32–33 leading to breakpoints within the GKAP1 and NTRK2 genes. RT-PCR Sanger sequencing revealed a GKAP1-NTRK2 exon 10–16 in-frame fusion, generating a putative fusion protein of 658 amino acids with a retained tyrosine kinase (TK) domain. Functional analysis by transient transfection of HEK293 cells showed the GKAP1-NTRK2 fusion protein to be activated through phosphorylation of the TK domain (Tyr705). Subsequently, downstream mediators of the MAPK- and PI3K-signaling pathways were upregulated in GKAP1-NTRK2 cells compared to NTRK2 wild-type; phosphorylated (p)ERK (3.6-fold), pAKT (1.8- fold), and pS6 ribosomal protein (1.4-fold). Following these findings, the patient was enrolled in a clinical trial and treated with the specific TRK-inhibitor larotrectinib, resulting in the arrest of tumor growth. The patient’s condition is currently stable and the quality of life has improved significantly. Our findings highlight the value of comprehensive clinical molecular screening of BRAF-negative pediatric low-grade gliomas, to reveal rare fusions serving as targets for precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Deland
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Keane
- Translational Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Thomas Olsson Bontell
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helene Sjögren
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Øra
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,HOPE/ITCC Phase I/II Trial Unit, Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Esther De La Cuesta
- Pharmaceuticals, Global Medical Affairs - Oncology, Bayer U.S., Whippany, USA
| | - Magnus Tisell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas A Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Ejeskär
- Translational Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sabel
- Childhood Cancer Centre, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frida Abel
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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33
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Sexual dimorphism in immunometabolism and autoimmunity: Impact on personalized medicine. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102775. [PMID: 33609790 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells play essential roles in metabolic homeostasis and thus, undergo analogous changes in normal physiology (e.g., puberty and pregnancy) and in various metabolic and immune diseases. An essential component of this close relationship between the two is sex differences. Many autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematous and multiple sclerosis, feature strikingly increased prevalence in females, whereas in contrast, infectious diseases, such as Ebola and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, affect more men than women. Therefore, there are fundamental aspects of metabolic homeostasis and immune functions that are regulated differently in males and females. This can be observed in sex hormone-immune interaction where androgens, such as testosterone, have shown immunosuppressive effects whilst estrogen is on the opposite side of the spectrum with immunoenhancing facilitation of mechanisms. In addition, the two sexes exhibit significant differences in metabolic regulation, with estrous cycles in females known to induce variability in traits and more pronounced metabolic disease phenotype exhibited by males. It is likely that these differences underlie both the development of metabolic and autoimmune diseases and the response to current treatment options. Sexual dimorphism in immunometabolism has emerged to become an area of intense research, aiming to uncover sex-biased effector molecules in the various metabolic tissues and immune cell types, identify sex-biased cell-type-specific functions of common effector molecules, and understand whether the sex differences in metabolic and immune functions influence each other during autoimmune pathogenesis. In this review, we will summarize recent findings that address these critical questions of sexual dimorphism in immunometabolism as well as their translational implications for the clinical management of autoimmune diseases.
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Singh K, Pruski M, Bland R, Younes M, Guha S, Thosani N, Maitra A, Cash BD, McAllister F, Logsdon CD, Chang JT, Bailey-Lundberg JM. Kras mutation rate precisely orchestrates ductal derived pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and pancreatic cancer. J Transl Med 2021; 101:177-192. [PMID: 33009500 PMCID: PMC8172380 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Despite the high prevalence of Kras mutations in pancreatic cancer patients, murine models expressing the oncogenic mutant Kras (Krasmut) in mature pancreatic cells develop PDAC at a low frequency. Independent of cell of origin, a second genetic hit (loss of tumor suppressor TP53 or PTEN) is important for development of PDAC in mice. We hypothesized ectopic expression and elevated levels of oncogenic mutant Kras would promote PanIN arising in pancreatic ducts. To test our hypothesis, the significance of elevating levels of K-Ras and Ras activity has been explored by expression of a CAG driven LGSL-KrasG12V allele (cKras) in pancreatic ducts, which promotes ectopic Kras expression. We predicted expression of cKras in pancreatic ducts would generate neoplasia and PDAC. To test our hypothesis, we employed tamoxifen dependent CreERT2 mediated recombination. Hnf1b:CreERT2;KrasG12V (cKrasHnf1b/+) mice received 1 (Low), 5 (Mod) or 10 (High) mg per 20 g body weight to recombine cKras in low (cKrasLow), moderate (cKrasMod), and high (cKrasHigh) percentages of pancreatic ducts. Our histologic analysis revealed poorly differentiated aggressive tumors in cKrasHigh mice. cKrasMod mice had grades of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN), recapitulating early and advanced PanIN observed in human PDAC. Proteomics analysis revealed significant differences in PTEN/AKT and MAPK pathways between wild type, cKrasLow, cKrasMod, and cKrasHigh mice. In conclusion, in this study, we provide evidence that ectopic expression of oncogenic mutant K-Ras in pancreatic ducts generates early and late PanIN as well as PDAC. This Ras rheostat model provides evidence that AKT signaling is an important early driver of invasive ductal derived PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Melissa Pruski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rachael Bland
- Kings College London, Department of Pharmacology, London, UK
| | - Mamoun Younes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sushovan Guha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nirav Thosani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brooks D Cash
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer M Bailey-Lundberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Kumar A, Chamoto K. Immune metabolism in PD-1 blockade-based cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunol 2021; 33:17-26. [PMID: 32622347 PMCID: PMC7771015 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism plays an important role in proliferating cells. Recent reports indicate that metabolic regulation or metabolic products can control immune cell differentiation, fate and reactions. Cancer immunotherapy based on blockade of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has been used worldwide, but a significant fraction of patients remain unresponsive. Therefore, clarifying the mechanisms and overcoming the unresponsiveness are urgent issues. Because cancer immunity consists of interactions between the cancer and host immune cells, there has recently been a focus on the metabolic interactions and/or competition between the tumor and the immune system to address these issues. Cancer cells render their microenvironment immunosuppressive, driving T-cell dysfunction or exhaustion, which is advantageous for cancer cell survival. However, accumulating mechanistic evidence of T-cell and cancer cell metabolism has gradually revealed that controlling the metabolic pathways of either type of cell can overcome T-cell dysfunction and reprogram the metabolic balance in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we summarize the role of immune metabolism in T-cell-based immune surveillance and cancer immune escape. This new concept has boosted the development of combination therapy and predictive biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Chamoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Vatseba TS, Sokolova LK, Pushkarev VM. Activation of the PI3K/AKT/MTOR/P70S6K1 signaling cascade in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with type 2 diabetes. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Yao Z, Gao G, Yang J, Long Y, Wang Z, Hu W, Liu Y. Prognostic Role of the Activated p-AKT Molecule in Various Hematologic Malignancies and Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:588200. [PMID: 33363017 PMCID: PMC7758503 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.588200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of human death worldwide. Recently, many studies have firmly established the causal relationship between oxidative stress and cancer initiation and progression. As a key protein in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, p-AKT (phosphorylated Akt) participates in the process of oxidative stress and plays a prognostic role in various hematologic tumors and solid tumors. We conducted a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane libraries to identify studies published in the past decade involving cancer patients expressing p-AKT that reported overall survival (OS) during follow-up. In this study, 6,128 patients in total were evaluated from 29 enrolled articles, and we concluded that overexpression of p-AKT was closely related to worse OS in cancer patients with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.33 (95% CI: 1.67–4.00). Furthermore, we conducted a subgroup analysis, and the results indicated that overexpression of p-AKT was associated with worse OS in hematological tumor (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.41–1.92), and solid tumor (HR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.61–5.26). High expression of p-AKT is related to poor prognosis of various hematologic tumors and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yao
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Gao
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xingtang Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuming Long
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
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Vadlakonda L, Indracanti M, Kalangi SK, Gayatri BM, Naidu NG, Reddy ABM. The Role of Pi, Glutamine and the Essential Amino Acids in Modulating the Metabolism in Diabetes and Cancer. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1731-1775. [PMID: 33520860 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Re-examine the current metabolic models. Methods Review of literature and gene networks. Results Insulin activates Pi uptake, glutamine metabolism to stabilise lipid membranes. Tissue turnover maintains the metabolic health. Current model of intermediary metabolism (IM) suggests glucose is the source of energy, and anaplerotic entry of fatty acids and amino acids into mitochondria increases the oxidative capacity of the TCA cycle to produce the energy (ATP). The reduced cofactors, NADH and FADH2, have different roles in regulating the oxidation of nutrients, membrane potentials and biosynthesis. Trans-hydrogenation of NADH to NADPH activates the biosynthesis. FADH2 sustains the membrane potential during the cell transformations. Glycolytic enzymes assume the non-canonical moonlighting functions, enter the nucleus to remodel the genetic programmes to affect the tissue turnover for efficient use of nutrients. Glycosylation of the CD98 (4F2HC) stabilises the nutrient transporters and regulates the entry of cysteine, glutamine and BCAA into the cells. A reciprocal relationship between the leucine and glutamine entry into cells regulates the cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis and homeostasis in cells. Insulin promotes the Pi transport from the blood to tissues, activates the mitochondrial respiratory activity, and glutamine metabolism, which activates the synthesis of cholesterol and the de novo fatty acids for reorganising and stabilising the lipid membranes for nutrient transport and signal transduction in response to fluctuations in the microenvironmental cues. Fatty acids provide the lipid metabolites, activate the second messengers and protein kinases. Insulin resistance suppresses the lipid raft formation and the mitotic slippage activates the fibrosis and slow death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meera Indracanti
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Suresh K Kalangi
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley Pachgaon, Manesar, Gurugram, HR 122413 India
| | - B Meher Gayatri
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Navya G Naidu
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Aramati B M Reddy
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
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Liaudanskaya V, Chung JY, Mizzoni C, Rouleau N, Berk AN, Wu L, Turner JA, Georgakoudi I, Whalen MJ, Nieland TJF, Kaplan DL. Modeling Controlled Cortical Impact Injury in 3D Brain-Like Tissue Cultures. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000122. [PMID: 32406202 PMCID: PMC7395313 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors suffer long term from mental illness, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. Studies of 3D tissue models have provided new insights into the pathobiology of many brain diseases. Here, a 3D in vitro contusion model is developed consisting of mouse cortical neurons grown on a silk scaffold embedded in collagen and used outcomes from an in vivo model for benchmarking. Molecular, cellular, and network events are characterized in response to controlled cortical impact (CCI). In this model, CCI induces degradation of neural network structure and function and release of glutamate, which are associated with the expression of programmed necrosis marker phosphorylated Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain Like Pseudokinase (pMLKL). Neurodegeneration is observed first in the directly impacted area and it subsequently spreads over time in 3D space. CCI reduces phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT) and Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) in neurons in vitro and in vivo, but discordant responses are observed in phosphprylated ribosomal S6 kinase (pS6) and phosphorylated Tau (pTau) expression. In summary, the 3D brain-like culture system mimicked many aspects of in vivo responses to CCI, providing evidence that the model can be used to study the molecular, cellular, and functional sequelae of TBI, opening up new possibilities for discovery of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volha Liaudanskaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, 02155, MA, USA
| | - Joon Yong Chung
- Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
| | - Craig Mizzoni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, 02155, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Rouleau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, 02155, MA, USA
| | - Alexander N Berk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, 02155, MA, USA
| | - Limin Wu
- Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
| | - Julia A Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, 02155, MA, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, 02155, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Whalen
- Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J F Nieland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, 02155, MA, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, 02155, MA, USA
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A Phase 1 Study of mTORC1/2 Inhibitor BI 860585 as a Single Agent or with Exemestane or Paclitaxel in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061425. [PMID: 32486385 PMCID: PMC7352719 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This phase 1 trial (NCT01938846) determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the mTOR serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, BI 860585, as monotherapy and with exemestane or paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors. This 3+3 dose-escalation study assessed BI 860585 monotherapy (5–300 mg/day; Arm A), BI 860585 (40–220 mg/day; Arm B) with 25 mg/day exemestane, and BI 860585 (80–220 mg/day; Arm C) with 60–80 mg/m2/week paclitaxel, in 28-day cycles. Primary endpoints were the number of patients with dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in cycle 1 and the MTD. Forty-one, 25, and 24 patients were treated (Arms A, B, and C). DLTs were observed in four (rash (n = 2), elevated alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase, diarrhea), four (rash (n = 3), stomatitis, and increased gamma-glutamyl transferase), and two (diarrhea, increased blood creatine phosphokinase) patients in cycle 1. The BI 860585 MTD was 220 mg/day (Arm A) and 160 mg/day (Arms B and C). Nine patients achieved an objective response (Arm B: Four partial responses (PRs); Arm C: Four PRs; one complete response). The disease control rate was 20%, 28%, and 58% (Arms A, B, and C). The most frequent treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were hyperglycemia (54%) and diarrhea (39%) (Arm A); diarrhea (40%) and stomatitis (40%) (Arm B); fatigue (58%) and diarrhea (58%) (Arm C). The MTD was determined in all arms. Antitumor activity was observed with BI 860585 monotherapy and in combination with exemestane or paclitaxel.
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Sefidgari-Abrasi S, Roshangar L, Karimi P, Morshedi M, Rahimiyan-Heravan M, Saghafi-Asl M. From the gut to the heart: L. plantarum and inulin administration as a novel approach to control cardiac apoptosis via 5-HT2B and TrkB receptors in diabetes. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:190-201. [PMID: 32446786 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Type 2 diabetes mellitus, as a metabolic disorder, can lead to diabetic cardiomyopathy, identified by cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and serotonin are two neurotransmitters that can control cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis through their cardiac receptors. In the present study, we investigated the impacts of L. plantarum and inulin supplementation on the inhibition of cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis by modulating intestinal, serum, and cardiac levels of serotonin and BDNF as well as their cardiac receptors. METHODS Diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin in male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into six groups and were supplemented with L. plantarum, inulin or their combination for 8 weeks. Finally, the rats were killed and levels of intestinal, serum, and cardiac parameters were evaluated. RESULTS Concurrent administration of L. plantarum and inulin caused a significant rise in the expression of cardiac serotonin and BDNF receptors (P < 0.001) as well as a significant fall in cardiac interstitial and perivascular fibrosis (P < 0.001, both) and apoptosis (P = 0.01). Moreover, there was a strong correlation of cardiac 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptors with interstitial/perivascular fibrosis and apoptosis (P < 0.001, both). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Results revealed beneficial effects of L. plantarum, inulin or their combination on intestinal, serum, and cardiac serotonin and BDNF accompanied by higher expression of their cardiac receptors and lower levels of cardiac apoptotic and fibrotic markers. It seems that L. plantarum and inulin supplementation could be considered as a novel adjunct therapy to reduce cardiac complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Sefidgari-Abrasi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Morshedi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Rahimiyan-Heravan
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Saghafi-Asl
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
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Wang Z, Zhao Q, Nie Y, Yu Y, Misra BB, Zabalawi M, Chou JW, Key CCC, Molina AJ, Quinn MA, Fessler MB, Parks JS, McCall CE, Zhu X. Solute Carrier Family 37 Member 2 (SLC37A2) Negatively Regulates Murine Macrophage Inflammation by Controlling Glycolysis. iScience 2020; 23:101125. [PMID: 32428862 PMCID: PMC7232099 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased flux of glucose through glycolysis is a hallmark of inflammatory macrophages and is essential for optimal effector functions. Solute carrier (SLC) 37A2 is an endoplasmic reticulum-anchored phosphate-linked glucose-6-phosphate transporter that is highly expressed in macrophages and neutrophils. We demonstrate that SLC37A2 plays a pivotal role in murine macrophage inflammatory activation and cellular metabolic rewiring. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rapidly increases macrophage SLC37A2 protein expression. SLC37A2 deletion reprograms macrophages to a hyper-glycolytic process and accelerates LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production, which partially depends on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis. Blockade of glycolysis normalizes the differential expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines between control and SLC37A2 deficient macrophages. Conversely, overexpression of SLC37A2 lowers macrophage glycolysis and significantly reduces LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. In conclusion, our study suggests that SLC37A2 dampens murine macrophage inflammation by down-regulating glycolytic reprogramming as a part of macrophage negative feedback system to curtail acute innate activation. LPS treatment rapidly elevates macrophage SLC37A2 protein expression SLC37A2 dampens early glycolytic reprogramming in acute macrophage inflammation SLC37A2 suppresses macrophage cell-surface and endosomal TLR activation SLC37A2 attenuates macrophage cellular ROS production
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Qingxia Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Yan Nie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Biswapriya B Misra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jeff W Chou
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Chia-Chi C Key
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony J Molina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Matthew A Quinn
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - John S Parks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Fusaric acid alters Akt and ampk signalling in c57bl/6 mice brain tissue. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Siddiqa A, Ahmad J, Ali A, Khan S. Deciphering the expression dynamics of ANGPTL8 associated regulatory network in insulin resistance using formal modelling approaches. IET Syst Biol 2020; 14:47-58. [PMID: 32196463 PMCID: PMC8687251 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2019.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ANGPTL8 is a recently identified novel hormone which regulates both glucose and lipid metabolism. The increase in ANGPTL8 during compensatory insulin resistance has been recently reported to improve glucose tolerance and a part of cytoprotective metabolic circuit. However, the exact signalling entities and dynamics involved in this process have remained elusive. Therefore, the current study was conducted with a specific aim to model the regulation of ANGPTL8 with emphasis on its role in improving glucose tolerance during insulin resistance. The main contribution of this study is the construction of a discrete model (based on kinetic logic of René Thomas) and its equivalent Stochastic Petri Net model of ANGPTL8 associated Biological Regulatory Network (BRN) which can predict its dynamic behaviours. The predicted results of these models are in‐line with the previous experimental observations and provide comprehensive insights into the signalling dynamics of ANGPTL8 associated BRN. The authors’ results support the hypothesis that ANGPTL8 plays an important role in supplementing the insulin signalling pathway during insulin resistance and its loss can aggravate the pathogenic process by quickly leading towards Diabetes Mellitus. The results of this study have potential therapeutic implications for treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and are suggestive of its potential as a glucose‐lowering agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnah Siddiqa
- Research Center for Modelling and Simulation (RCMS), National university of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan.
| | - Amjad Ali
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Sharifullah Khan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Pakistan
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Kwon EB, Kang MJ, Ryu HW, Lee S, Lee JW, Lee MK, Lee HS, Lee SU, Oh SR, Kim MO. Acacetin enhances glucose uptake through insulin-independent GLUT4 translocation in L6 myotubes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 68:153178. [PMID: 32126492 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lowering blood glucose levels by increasing glucose uptake in insulin target tissues, such as skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, is one strategy to discover and develop antidiabetic drugs from natural products used as traditional medicines. PURPOSE Our goal was to reveal the mechanism and activity of acacetin (5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone), one of the major compounds in Agastache rugose, in stimulating glucose uptake in muscle cells. METHODS To determine whether acacetin promotes GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake in cultured L6 skeletal muscle cells, we performed a [14C] 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) uptake assay after treating differentiated L6-GLUT4myc cells with acacetin. RESULTS Acacetin dose-dependently increased 2-DG uptake by enhancing GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane. Our results revealed that acacetin activated the CaMKII-AMPK pathway by increasing intracellular calcium concentrations. We also found that aPKCλ/ζ phosphorylation and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were involved in acacetin-induced GLUT4 translocation. Moreover, acacetin-activated AMPK inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation and increased 2-DG uptake in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that acacetin might be useful as an antidiabetic functional ingredient. Subsequent experiments using disease model animals are needed to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Bin Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea
| | - Myung-Ji Kang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea
| | - Seoghyen Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea
| | - Su Ui Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea
| | - Mun-Ock Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea.
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Michalopoulou E, Auciello FR, Bulusu V, Strachan D, Campbell AD, Tait-Mulder J, Karim SA, Morton JP, Sansom OJ, Kamphorst JJ. Macropinocytosis Renders a Subset of Pancreatic Tumor Cells Resistant to mTOR Inhibition. Cell Rep 2020; 30:2729-2742.e4. [PMID: 32101748 PMCID: PMC7043007 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) features a near-universal mutation in KRAS. Additionally, the tumor suppressor PTEN is lost in ∼10% of patients, and in mouse models, this dramatically accelerates tumor progression. While oncogenic KRAS and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) cause divergent metabolic phenotypes individually, how they synergize to promote tumor metabolic alterations and dependencies remains unknown. We show that in KRAS-driven murine PDAC cells, loss of Pten strongly enhances both mTOR signaling and macropinocytosis. Protein scavenging alleviates sensitivity to mTOR inhibition by rescuing AKT phosphorylation at serine 473 and consequently cell proliferation. Combined inhibition of mTOR and lysosomal processing of internalized protein eliminates the macropinocytosis-mediated resistance. Our results indicate that mTORC2, rather than mTORC1, is an important regulator of protein scavenging and that protein-mediated resistance could explain the lack of effectiveness of mTOR inhibitors in certain genetic backgrounds. Concurrent inhibition of mTOR and protein scavenging might be a valuable therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdokia Michalopoulou
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Francesca R Auciello
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Vinay Bulusu
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - David Strachan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Andrew D Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jacqueline Tait-Mulder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Saadia A Karim
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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47
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Al-Attar R, Childers CL, Nguyen VC, Pamenter ME, Storey KB. Differential protein phosphorylation is responsible for hypoxia-induced regulation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in naked mole rats. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 242:110653. [PMID: 31926299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole rats (NMRs, Heterocephalus glaber) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals known. They can reduce their metabolic rate (>85%) under severe hypoxia, remain moderately active and recover with no obvious signs of damage. Hence, NMRs are an excellent model for studying mammalian hypoxia tolerance. The current study characterized the involvement of posttranslational modifications in regulating the Akt/mTOR pathway that regulates protein synthesis, and the responses of key ribosomal proteins in order to assess tissue-specific responses to 4 h exposure to 7% O2 (compared to controls at 21% O2). Results showed a tissue-specific regulation of the Akt/mTOR pathway via differential phosphorylation. Relative amounts of p-TSC(S939) in brain and of p-TSC(S939), p-Akt(473) and p-PTEN(S380) in liver increased under hypoxia, whereas levels of IGF1R(Y1135/1136) in liver decreased. In skeletal muscle, levels of p-Akt(S473) and p-PTEN(S380) decreased during hypoxia, whereas lungs showed an increase in p-mTOR(S2884) content but a decrease in p-RPS6(S235-236) under the same conditions. Analysis of the phosphorylation states of ribosomal proteins revealed increases in p-4E-BP1(T37/46) content in brain and lungs under hypoxia, as well as a rise in total 4E-BP1 protein level in liver. Phosphorylated eIF-4B(S422) content also increased in liver while levels of p-eIF-2α(S51), and eIF-4E(S209) decreased during hypoxia in liver. Overall, hypoxia altered the Akt/mTOR pathway, which correlated with a general decrease in activity of the ribosomal protein biosynthesis machinery in muscle, lung, and brain of NMRs. However, the increase in eIF-4B in liver suggests the potential promotion of cap-independent mRNA translation mechanism operating under hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Al-Attar
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Vu C Nguyen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; uOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Canada
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48
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Souza-Moreira L, Soares VC, Dias SDSG, Bozza PT. Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Modulate Lipid Metabolism and Lipid Droplet Biogenesis via AKT/mTOR -PPARγ Signalling in Macrophages. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20304. [PMID: 31889120 PMCID: PMC6937267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a potential therapy for many chronic inflammatory diseases due to their regenerative, immunologic and anti-inflammatory properties. The two-way dialogue between MSCs and macrophages is crucial to tissue regeneration and repair. Previous research demonstrated that murine adipose-derived MSC conditioned medium (ASCcm) reprograms macrophages to an M2-like phenotype which protects from experimental colitis and sepsis. Here, our focus was to determine the molecular mechanism of lipid droplet biogenesis in macrophages re-educated using ASCcm. Adipose-derived MSC conditioned medium promotes phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR pathway proteins in macrophages. Furthermore, increased expression of PPARγ, lipid droplet biogenesis and PGE2 synthesis were observed in M2-like phenotype macrophages (high expression of arginase 1 and elevated IL-10). Treatment with mTOR inhibitor rapamycin or PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 suppressed lipid droplets and PGE2 secretion. However, these inhibitors had no effect on arginase-1 expression. Rapamycin, but not GW9662, inhibit IL-10 secretion. In conclusion, we demonstrate major effects of ASCcm to reprogram macrophage immunometabolism through mTOR and PPARγ dependent and independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Souza-Moreira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cardoso Soares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Suelen da Silva Gomes Dias
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil.
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49
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Malik N, Dunn KM, Cassels J, Hay J, Estell C, Sansom OJ, Michie AM. mTORC1 activity is essential for erythropoiesis and B cell lineage commitment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16917. [PMID: 31729420 PMCID: PMC6858379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that mediates phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signalling. This pathway is involved in a plethora of cellular functions including protein and lipid synthesis, cell migration, cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, we proposed to delineate the role of mTORC1 in haemopoietic lineage commitment using knock out (KO) mouse and cell line models. Mx1-cre and Vav-cre expression systems were used to specifically target Raptorfl/fl (mTORC1), either in all tissues upon poly(I:C) inoculation, or specifically in haemopoietic stem cells, respectively. Assessment of the role of mTORC1 during the early stages of development in Vav-cre+Raptorfl/fl mice, revealed that these mice do not survive post birth due to aberrations in erythropoiesis resulting from an arrest in development at the megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor stage. Furthermore, Raptor-deficient mice exhibited a block in B cell lineage commitment. The essential role of Raptor (mTORC1) in erythrocyte and B lineage commitment was confirmed in adult Mx1-cre+Raptorfl/fl mice upon cre-recombinase induction. These studies were supported by results showing that the expression of key lineage commitment regulators, GATA1, GATA2 and PAX5 were dysregulated in the absence of mTORC1-mediated signals. The regulatory role of mTOR during erythropoiesis was confirmed in vitro by demonstrating a reduction of K562 cell differentiation towards RBCs in the presence of established mTOR inhibitors. While mTORC1 plays a fundamental role in promoting RBC development, we showed that mTORC2 has an opposing role, as Rictor-deficient progenitor cells exhibited an elevation in RBC colony formation ex vivo. Collectively, our data demonstrate a critical role played by mTORC1 in regulating the haemopoietic cell lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Malik
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen M Dunn
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer Cassels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jodie Hay
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher Estell
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison M Michie
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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50
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McKeown CR, Cline HT. Nutrient restriction causes reversible G2 arrest in Xenopus neural progenitors. Development 2019; 146:146/20/dev178871. [PMID: 31649012 DOI: 10.1242/dev.178871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient status affects brain development; however, the effects of nutrient availability on neural progenitor cell proliferation in vivo are poorly understood. Without food, Xenopus laevis tadpoles enter a period of stasis during which neural progenitor proliferation is drastically reduced, but resumes when food becomes available. Here, we investigate how neural progenitors halt cell division in response to nutrient restriction and subsequently re-enter the cell cycle upon feeding. We demonstrate that nutrient restriction causes neural progenitors to arrest in G2 of the cell cycle with increased DNA content, and that nutrient availability triggers progenitors to re-enter the cell cycle at M phase. Initiation of the nutrient restriction-induced G2 arrest is rapamycin insensitive, but cell cycle re-entry requires mTOR. Finally, we show that activation of insulin receptor signaling is sufficient to increase neural progenitor cell proliferation in the absence of food. A G2 arrest mechanism provides an adaptive strategy to control brain development in response to nutrient availability by triggering a synchronous burst of cell proliferation when nutrients become available. This may be a general cellular mechanism that allows developmental flexibility during times of limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hollis T Cline
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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