1
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Zhou Q, Cao T, Li F, Zhang M, Li X, Zhao H, Zhou Y. Mitochondria: a new intervention target for tumor invasion and metastasis. Mol Med 2024; 30:129. [PMID: 39179991 PMCID: PMC11344364 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, responsible for cellular energy synthesis and signal transduction, intricately regulate diverse metabolic processes, mediating fundamental biological phenomena such as cell growth, aging, and apoptosis. Tumor invasion and metastasis, key characteristics of malignancies, significantly impact patient prognosis. Tumor cells frequently exhibit metabolic abnormalities in mitochondria, including alterations in metabolic dynamics and changes in the expression of relevant metabolic genes and associated signal transduction pathways. Recent investigations unveil further insights into mitochondrial metabolic abnormalities, revealing their active involvement in tumor cell proliferation, resistance to chemotherapy, and a crucial role in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. This paper comprehensively outlines the latest research advancements in mitochondrial structure and metabolic function. Emphasis is placed on summarizing the role of mitochondrial metabolic abnormalities in tumor invasion and metastasis, including alterations in the mitochondrial genome (mutations), activation of mitochondrial-to-nuclear signaling, and dynamics within the mitochondria, all intricately linked to the processes of tumor invasion and metastasis. In conclusion, the paper discusses unresolved scientific questions in this field, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and novel perspectives for developing innovative strategies targeting tumor invasion and metastasis based on mitochondrial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanling Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
- Department of Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Tingping Cao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
- Department of Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Fujun Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
- Department of Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China.
- Department of Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China.
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2
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Moisoi N. Mitochondrial proteases modulate mitochondrial stress signalling and cellular homeostasis in health and disease. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00141-X. [PMID: 38906365 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis requires a plethora of coordinated quality control and adaptations' mechanisms in which mitochondrial proteases play a key role. Their activation or loss of function reverberate beyond local mitochondrial biochemical and metabolic remodelling into coordinated cellular pathways and stress responses that feedback onto the mitochondrial functionality and adaptability. Mitochondrial proteolysis modulates molecular and organellar quality control, metabolic adaptations, lipid homeostasis and regulates transcriptional stress responses. Defective mitochondrial proteolysis results in disease conditions most notably, mitochondrial diseases, neurodegeneration and cancer. Here, it will be discussed how mitochondrial proteases and mitochondria stress signalling impact cellular homeostasis and determine the cellular decision to survive or die, how these processes may impact disease etiopathology, and how modulation of proteolysis may offer novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Moisoi
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Leicester Institute for Pharmaceutical Health and Social Care Innovations, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Hawthorn Building 1.03, LE1 9BH, Leicester, UK.
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3
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Cilleros-Holgado P, Gómez-Fernández D, Piñero-Pérez R, Romero Domínguez JM, Talaverón-Rey M, Reche-López D, Suárez-Rivero JM, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Romero-González A, López-Cabrera A, Oliveira MCD, Rodríguez-Sacristan A, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Polydatin and Nicotinamide Rescue the Cellular Phenotype of Mitochondrial Diseases by Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (mtUPR) Activation. Biomolecules 2024; 14:598. [PMID: 38786005 PMCID: PMC11118892 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases result from mutations in nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes, encoding proteins crucial for mitochondrial structure or function. Given that few disease-specific therapies are available for mitochondrial diseases, novel treatments to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction are necessary. In this work, we explored new therapeutic options in mitochondrial diseases using fibroblasts and induced neurons derived from patients with mutations in the GFM1 gene. This gene encodes the essential mitochondrial translation elongation factor G1 involved in mitochondrial protein synthesis. Due to the severe mitochondrial defect, mutant GFM1 fibroblasts cannot survive in galactose medium, making them an ideal screening model to test the effectiveness of pharmacological compounds. We found that the combination of polydatin and nicotinamide enabled the survival of mutant GFM1 fibroblasts in stress medium. We also demonstrated that polydatin and nicotinamide upregulated the mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (mtUPR), especially the SIRT3 pathway. Activation of mtUPR partially restored mitochondrial protein synthesis and expression, as well as improved cellular bioenergetics. Furthermore, we confirmed the positive effect of the treatment in GFM1 mutant induced neurons obtained by direct reprogramming from patient fibroblasts. Overall, we provide compelling evidence that mtUPR activation is a promising therapeutic strategy for GFM1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cilleros-Holgado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - David Gómez-Fernández
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Rocío Piñero-Pérez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - José Manuel Romero Domínguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Diana Reche-López
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Juan Miguel Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Ana Romero-González
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Alejandra López-Cabrera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Marta Castro De Oliveira
- Neuropediatria, Neurolinkia, C. Jardín de la Isla, 8, Local 4 y 5, 41014 Sevilla, Spain;
- FEA Pediatría, Centro Universitario Hospitalar de Faro, R. Leão Penedo, 8000-386 Faro, Portugal
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Sacristan
- Neuropediatría, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
- Departamento de Farmacología, Radiología y Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
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4
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Chi ZC. Progress in understanding of relationship between inflammation and tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2024; 32:23-40. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been clear evidence that inflammation plays a key role in tumorigenesis. Tumor extrinsic inflammation is caused by many factors, including bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune diseases, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, etc., all of which can increase cancer risk and stimulate malignant progression. Conversely, inflammation inherent in cancer or caused by cancer can be triggered by cancer-initiating mutations and can promote malignant progression through recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells. Both exogenous and endogenous inflammation can lead to immunosuppression, thus providing a preferred opportunity for tumor development. Studies have confirmed that chronic inflammation is involved in various steps of tumorigenesis, including cell transformation, promotion, survival, prolifer-ation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Recent research has shed new light on the molecular and cellular circuits between inflammation and cancer. Two pathways have been preliminarily identified: Intrinsic and extrinsic. In the intrinsic pathway, genetic events leading to tumors initiate the expression of inflammatory related programs and guide the construction of the inflammatory microenvironment. In the extrinsic pathway, inflammatory conditions promote the development of cancer. This article reviews the recent progress in the understanding of the relationship between inflammation and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Chun Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
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5
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Wu M, Wu J, Liu K, Jiang M, Xie F, Yin X, Wu J, Meng Q. LONP1 ameliorates liver injury and improves gluconeogenesis dysfunction in acute-on-chronic liver failure. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:190-199. [PMID: 38184784 PMCID: PMC10798737 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe liver disease with complex pathogenesis. Clinical hypoglycemia is common in patients with ACLF and often predicts a worse prognosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that glucose metabolic disturbance, especially gluconeogenesis dysfunction, plays a critical role in the disease progression of ACLF. Lon protease-1 (LONP1) is a novel mediator of energy and glucose metabolism. However, whether gluconeogenesis is a potential mechanism through which LONP1 modulates ACLF remains unknown. METHODS In this study, we collected liver tissues from ACLF patients, established an ACLF mouse model with carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and D-galactose (D-gal), and constructed an in vitro hypoxia and hyperammonemia-triggered hepatocyte injury model. LONP1 overexpression and knockdown adenovirus were used to assess the protective effect of LONP1 on liver injury and gluconeogenesis regulation. Liver histopathology, biochemical index, mitochondrial morphology, cell viability and apoptosis, and the expression and activity of key gluconeogenic enzymes were detected to explore the underlying protective mechanisms of LONP1 in ACLF. RESULTS We found that LONP1 and the expressions of gluconeogenic enzymes were downregulated in clinical ACLF liver tissues. Furthermore, LONP1 overexpression remarkably attenuated liver injury, which was characterized by improved liver histopathological lesions and decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in ACLF mice. Moreover, mitochondrial morphology was improved upon overexpression of LONP1. Meanwhile, the expression and activity of the key gluconeogenic enzymes were restored by LONP1 overexpression. Similarly, the hepatoprotective effect was also observed in the hepatocyte injury model, as evidenced by improved cell viability, reduced cell apoptosis, and improved gluconeogenesis level and activity, while LONP1 knockdown worsened liver injury and gluconeogenesis disorders. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that gluconeogenesis dysfunction exists in ACLF, and LONP1 could ameliorate liver injury and improve gluconeogenic dysfunction, which would provide a promising therapeutic target for patients with ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muchen Wu
- Department of Liver Disease, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Liver Disease, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Liver Disease, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Minjie Jiang
- Department of Liver Disease, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Liver Disease, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuehong Yin
- Department of Liver Disease, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jushan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qinghua Meng
- Department of Liver Disease, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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6
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Cilleros-Holgado P, Gómez-Fernández D, Piñero-Pérez R, Romero-Domínguez JM, Reche-López D, López-Cabrera A, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Munuera-Cabeza M, Talaverón-Rey M, Suárez-Carrillo A, Romero-González A, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Mitochondrial Quality Control via Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (mtUPR) in Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1789. [PMID: 38136659 PMCID: PMC10741690 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in cellular functions, including energy production and oxidative stress regulation. For this reason, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and proteostasis (homeostasis of the proteome) is essential for cellular health. Therefore, there are different mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs), mitophagy, or mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR). The last item is a stress response that occurs when stress is present within mitochondria and, especially, when the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the mitochondrial matrix surpasses the folding capacity of the mitochondrion. In response to this, molecular chaperones and proteases as well as the mitochondrial antioxidant system are activated to restore mitochondrial proteostasis and cellular function. In disease contexts, mtUPR modulation holds therapeutic potential by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction. In particular, in the case of neurodegenerative diseases, such as primary mitochondrial diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), or Friedreich's Ataxia (FA), there is a wealth of evidence demonstrating that the modulation of mtUPR helps to reduce neurodegeneration and its associated symptoms in various cellular and animal models. These findings underscore mtUPR's role as a promising therapeutic target in combating these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jose Antonio Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.-D.); (D.R.-L.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.)
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7
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Zhang J, Qiao W, Luo Y. Mitochondrial quality control proteases and their modulation for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:399-436. [PMID: 36208112 DOI: 10.1002/med.21929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the main provider of energy in eukaryotic cells, contains more than 1000 different proteins and is closely related to the development of cells. However, damaged proteins impair mitochondrial function, further contributing to several human diseases. Evidence shows mitochondrial proteases are critically important for protein maintenance. Most importantly, quality control enzymes exert a crucial role in the modulation of mitochondrial functions by degrading misfolded, aged, or superfluous proteins. Interestingly, cancer cells thrive under stress conditions that damage proteins, so targeting mitochondrial quality control proteases serves as a novel regulator for cancer cells. Not only that, mitochondrial quality control proteases have been shown to affect mitochondrial dynamics by regulating the morphology of optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), which is closely related to the occurrence and progression of cancer. In this review, we introduce mitochondrial quality control proteases as promising targets and related modulators in cancer therapy with a focus on caseinolytic protease P (ClpP), Lon protease (LonP1), high-temperature requirement protein A2 (HrtA2), and OMA-1. Further, we summarize our current knowledge of the advances in clinical trials for modulators of mitochondrial quality control proteases. Overall, the content proposed above serves to suggest directions for the development of novel antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenliang Qiao
- Lung Cancer Center, Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Western China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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8
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Wu L, Yan X, Sun R, Ma Y, Yao W, Gao B, Zhang Q, You J, Wang H, Han Q, Sun X. Sirt3 restricts tumor initiation via promoting LONP1 deacetylation and K63 ubiquitination. J Transl Med 2023; 21:81. [PMID: 36739437 PMCID: PMC9899405 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) is a controversial regulator of carcinogenesis. It residents in the mitochondria and gradually decays during aging. In this study, we tried to investigate the role of Sirt3 in carcinogenesis and to explore its involvement in metabolic alteration. METHODS We generated conditional intestinal epithelium Sirt3-knockout mice by crossing ApcMin/+; Villin-Cre with Sirt3fl/fl (AVS) mice. The deacetylation site of Lon protease-1 (LONP1) was identified with Mass spectrometry. The metabolic flux phenotype was determined by Seahorse bioanalyzer. RESULTS We found that intestinal epithelial cell-specific ablation of Sirt3 promotes primary tumor growth via stabilizing mitochondrial LONP1. Notably, we newly identified that Sirt3 deacetylates human oncogene LONP1 at N terminal residue lysine 145 (K145). The LONP1 hyperacetylation-mutant K145Q enhances oxidative phosphorylation to accelerate tumor growth, whereas the deacetylation-mutant K145R produces calorie-restriction like phenotype to restrain tumorigenesis. Sirt3 deacetylates LONP1 at K145 and subsequently facilitates the ESCRT0 complex sorting and K63-ubiquitination that resulted in the degradation of LONP1. Our results sustain the notion that Sirt3 is a tumor-suppressor to maintain the appropriate ubiquitination and degradation of oncogene LONP1. CONCLUSION Sirt3 represents a targetable metabolic checkpoint of oncogenesis, which produces energy restriction effects via maintaining LONP1 K145 deacetylation and subsequent K63 ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Xinyi Yan
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Ruibo Sun
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Ye Ma
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Wanyu Yao
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Baogui Gao
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Junxiong You
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Hao Wang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Qinrui Han
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xuegang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujing Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Cilleros-Holgado P, Gómez-Fernández D, Piñero-Pérez R, Reche-López D, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Munuera-Cabeza M, Talaverón-Rey M, Povea-Cabello S, Suárez-Carrillo A, Romero-González A, Suárez-Rivero JM, Romero-Domínguez JM, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. mtUPR Modulation as a Therapeutic Target for Primary and Secondary Mitochondrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021482. [PMID: 36674998 PMCID: PMC9865803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key pathological event in many diseases. Its role in energy production, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis regulation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance render mitochondria essential for cell survival and fitness. However, there are no effective treatments for most primary and secondary mitochondrial diseases to this day. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches, such as the modulation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR), are being explored. mtUPRs englobe several compensatory processes related to proteostasis and antioxidant system mechanisms. mtUPR activation, through an overcompensation for mild intracellular stress, promotes cell homeostasis and improves lifespan and disease alterations in biological models of mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related diseases, cardiopathies, metabolic disorders, and primary mitochondrial diseases. Although mtUPR activation is a promising therapeutic option for many pathological conditions, its activation could promote tumor progression in cancer patients, and its overactivation could lead to non-desired side effects, such as the increased heteroplasmy of mitochondrial DNA mutations. In this review, we present the most recent data about mtUPR modulation as a therapeutic approach, its role in diseases, and its potential negative consequences in specific pathological situations.
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10
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Bai M, Wu M, Jiang M, He J, Deng X, Xu S, Fan J, Miao M, Wang T, Li Y, Yu X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Huang S, Yang L, Jia Z, Zhang A. LONP1 targets HMGCS2 to protect mitochondrial function and attenuate chronic kidney disease. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16581. [PMID: 36629048 PMCID: PMC9906428 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria comprise the central metabolic hub of cells and their imbalance plays a pathogenic role in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we studied Lon protease 1 (LONP1), a major mitochondrial protease, as its role in CKD pathogenesis is unclear. LONP1 expression was decreased in human patients and mice with CKD, and tubular-specific Lonp1 overexpression mitigated renal injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in two different models of CKD, but these outcomes were aggravated by Lonp1 deletion. These results were confirmed in renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro. Mechanistically, LONP1 downregulation caused mitochondrial accumulation of the LONP1 substrate, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), which disrupted mitochondrial function and further accelerated CKD progression. Finally, computer-aided virtual screening was performed, which identified a novel LONP1 activator. Pharmacologically, the LONP1 activator attenuated renal fibrosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, these results imply that LONP1 is a promising therapeutic target for treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Bai
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mengqiu Wu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mingzhu Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jia He
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xu Deng
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiaojiao Fan
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mengqiu Miao
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug EvaluationYantai UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Li Yang
- Renal DivisionPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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11
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Zanini G, Selleri V, De Gaetano A, Gibellini L, Malerba M, Mattioli AV, Nasi M, Apostolova N, Pinti M. Differential Expression of Lonp1 Isoforms in Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233940. [PMID: 36497197 PMCID: PMC9739308 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonp1 is a mitochondrial protease that degrades oxidized and damaged proteins, assists protein folding, and contributes to the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. A higher expression of LonP1 has been associated with higher tumour aggressiveness. Besides the full-length isoform (ISO1), we identified two other isoforms of Lonp1 in humans, resulting from alternative splicing: Isoform-2 (ISO2) lacking aa 42-105 and isoform-3 (ISO3) lacking aa 1-196. An inspection of the public database TSVdb showed that ISO1 was upregulated in lung, bladder, prostate, and breast cancer, ISO2 in all the cancers analysed (including rectum, colon, cervical, bladder, prostate, breast, head, and neck), ISO3 did not show significant changes between cancer and normal tissue. We overexpressed ISO1, ISO2, and ISO3 in SW620 cells and found that the ISO1 isoform was exclusively mitochondrial, ISO2 was present in the organelle and in the cytoplasm, and ISO3 was exclusively cytoplasmatic. The overexpression of ISO1 and, at a letter extent, of ISO2 enhanced basal, ATP-linked, and maximal respiration without altering the mitochondria number or network, mtDNA amount. or mitochondrial dynamics. A higher extracellular acidification rate was observed in ISO1 and ISO2, overexpressing cells, suggesting an increase in glycolysis. Cells overexpressing the different isoforms did not show a difference in the proliferation rate but showed a great increase in anchorage-independent growth. ISO1 and ISO2, but not ISO3, determined an upregulation of EMT-related proteins, which appeared unrelated to higher mitochondrial ROS production, nor due to the activation of the MEK ERK pathway, but rather to global metabolic reprogramming of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Zanini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Selleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna De Gaetano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Mara Malerba
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- FISABIO—Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-205-5386
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12
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Kong X, Hu W, Cui Y, Gao J, Yao X, Ren J, Lin T, Sun J, Gao Y, Li X, Wang H, Li H, Che F, Wan Q. Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Regulates MCT1-PPA-PTEN-LONP1 Signaling to Confer Neuroprotection After Rat Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7423-7438. [PMID: 36190692 PMCID: PMC9616768 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Propionic acid (PPA) is a critical metabolite involved in microbial fermentation, which functions to reduce fat production, inhibit inflammation, and reduce serum cholesterol levels. The role of PPA in the context of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury has yet to be clarified. Increasing evidence indicate that transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a safe approach that confers neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia injury. Here, we show that the levels of PPA were reduced in the ischemic brain following a rat cerebral I/R injury and in the cultured rat cortical neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), an in vitro model of ischemic injury. We found that the decreased levels of transporter protein monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1) were responsible for the OGD-induced reduction of PPA. Supplementing PPA reduced ischemia-induced neuronal death after I/R. Moreover, our results revealed that the neuroprotective effect of PPA is mediated through downregulation of phosphatase PTEN and subsequent upregulation of Lon protease 1 (LONP1). We demonstrated that direct-current stimulation (DCS) increased MCT1 expression and PPA level in OGD-insulted neurons, while tDCS decreased the brain infarct volume in the MCAO rats via increasing the levels of MCT1 expression and PPA. This study supports a potential application of tDCS in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Kong
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Department of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jingchen Gao
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xujin Yao
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinyang Ren
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jiangdong Sun
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yunyi Gao
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huanting Li
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Central Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Qingdao University, 27 East Jiefang Road, Linyi, Shandong, China.
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Qingdao High-tech Industrial Development District, Qingdao Gui-Hong Intelligent Medical Technology Co. Ltd, 7 Fenglong Road, Qingdao, China.
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13
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Roles of LonP1 in Oral-Maxillofacial Developmental Defects and Tumors: A Novel Insight. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113370. [PMID: 36362158 PMCID: PMC9657610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated a central role for LonP1 in mitochondrial function. Its physiological functions include proteolysis, acting as a molecular chaperone, binding mitochondrial DNA, and being involved in cellular respiration, cellular metabolism, and oxidative stress. Given its vital role in energy metabolism, LonP1 has been suggested to be associated with multi-system neoplasms and developmental disorders. In this study, we investigated the roles, possible mechanisms of action, and therapeutic roles of LonP1 in oral and maxillofacial tumor development. LonP1 was highly expressed in oral-maxillofacial cancers and regulated their development through a sig-naling network. LonP1 may therefore be a promising anticancer therapy target. Mutations in LONP1 have been found to be involved in the etiology of cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular, and skeletal syndrome (CODAS). Only patients carrying specific LONP1 mutations have certain dental abnormalities (delayed eruption and abnormal morphology). LonP1 is therefore a novel factor in the development of oral and maxillofacial tumors. Greater research should therefore be conducted on the diagnosis and therapy of LonP1-related diseases to further define LonP1-associated oral phenotypes and their underlying molecular mechanisms.
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14
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Kuo CL, Ponneri Babuharisankar A, Lin YC, Lien HW, Lo YK, Chou HY, Tangeda V, Cheng LC, Cheng AN, Lee AYL. Mitochondrial oxidative stress in the tumor microenvironment and cancer immunoescape: foe or friend? J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:74. [PMID: 36154922 PMCID: PMC9511749 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The major concept of "oxidative stress" is an excess elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are generated from vigorous metabolism and consumption of oxygen. The precise harmonization of oxidative stresses between mitochondria and other organelles in the cell is absolutely vital to cell survival. Under oxidative stress, ROS produced from mitochondria and are the major mediator for tumorigenesis in different aspects, such as proliferation, migration/invasion, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immunoescape to allow cancer cells to adapt to the rigorous environment. Accordingly, the dynamic balance of oxidative stresses not only orchestrate complex cell signaling events in cancer cells but also affect other components in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Immune cells, such as M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells are the major components of the immunosuppressive TME from the ROS-induced inflammation. Based on this notion, numerous strategies to mitigate oxidative stresses in tumors have been tested for cancer prevention or therapies; however, these manipulations are devised from different sources and mechanisms without established effectiveness. Herein, we integrate current progress regarding the impact of mitochondrial ROS in the TME, not only in cancer cells but also in immune cells, and discuss the combination of emerging ROS-modulating strategies with immunotherapies to achieve antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Kuo
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ananth Ponneri Babuharisankar
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.,Joint PhD Program in Molecular Medicine, NHRI & NCU, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Lin
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Lien
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu Kang Lo
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yu Chou
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Vidhya Tangeda
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.,Joint PhD Program in Molecular Medicine, NHRI & NCU, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Cheng
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - An Ning Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Alan Yueh-Luen Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan. .,Joint PhD Program in Molecular Medicine, NHRI & NCU, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan. .,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, National Central University, Zhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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15
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Inigo JR, Chandra D. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt): shielding against toxicity to mitochondria in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:98. [PMID: 35864539 PMCID: PMC9306209 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for tumor growth and progression. However, the heavy demand for mitochondrial activity in cancer leads to increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), accumulation of mutations in mitochondrial DNA, and development of mitochondrial dysfunction. If left unchecked, excessive mtROS can damage and unfold proteins in the mitochondria to an extent that becomes lethal to the tumor. Cellular systems have evolved to combat mtROS and alleviate mitochondrial stress through a quality control mechanism called the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The UPRmt system is composed of chaperones and proteases, which promote protein folding or eliminate mitochondrial proteins damaged by mtROS, respectively. UPRmt is conserved and activated in cancer in response to mitochondrial stress to maintain mitochondrial integrity and support tumor growth. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria become dysfunctional in cancer and highlight the tumor-promoting functions of key components of the UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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16
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Evidence for mitochondrial Lonp1 expression in the nucleus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10877. [PMID: 35760833 PMCID: PMC9237102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated communication between the mitochondria and nucleus is essential for cellular activities. Nonetheless, the pathways involved in this crosstalk are scarcely understood. The protease Lonp1 was previously believed to be exclusively located in the mitochondria, with an important role in mitochondrial morphology, mtDNA maintenance, and cellular metabolism, in both normal and neoplastic cells. However, we recently detected Lonp1 in the nuclear, where as much as 22% of all cellular Lonp1 can be found. Nuclear localization is detectable under all conditions, but the amount is dependent on a response to heat shock (HS). Lonp1 in the nucleus interacts with heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and modulates the HS response. These findings reveal a novel extramitochondrial function for Lonp1 in response to stress.
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17
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Markov AV, Ilyina AA, Salomatina OV, Sen’kova AV, Okhina AA, Rogachev AD, Salakhutdinov NF, Zenkova MA. Novel Soloxolone Amides as Potent Anti-Glioblastoma Candidates: Design, Synthesis, In Silico Analysis and Biological Activities In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050603. [PMID: 35631429 PMCID: PMC9145754 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The modification of natural or semisynthetic triterpenoids with amines can be explored as a promising strategy for improving their pharmacological properties. Here, we report the design and synthesis of 11 novel amide derivatives of soloxolone methyl (SM), a cyano enone-bearing derivative of 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid. Analysis of their bioactivities in vitro and in silico revealed their high toxicity against a panel of tumor cells (average IC50(24 h) = 3.7 µM) and showed that the formation of amide moieties at the C-30 position of soloxolone did not enhance the cytotoxicity of derivatives toward tumor cells compared to SM, though it can impart an ability to pass across the blood–brain barrier. Further HPLC–MS/MS and mechanistic studies verified significant brain accumulation of hit compound 12 (soloxolone tryptamide) in a murine model and showed its high anti-glioblastoma potential. It was found that 12 induced ROS-dependent and autophagy-independent death of U87 and U118 glioblastoma cells via mitochondrial apoptosis and effectively blocked their clonogenicity, motility and capacity to form vessel-like structures. Further in vivo study demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of 12 at a dosage of 20 mg/kg effectively inhibited the growth of U87 glioblastoma in a mouse xenograft model, reducing the proliferative potential of the tumor and leading to a depletion of collagen content and normalization of blood vessels in tumor tissue. The obtained results clearly demonstrate that 12 can be considered as a promising leading compound for drug development in glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Markov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.I.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.S.); (M.A.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-383-363-51-61
| | - Anna A. Ilyina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.I.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.S.); (M.A.Z.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.O.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Oksana V. Salomatina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.I.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.S.); (M.A.Z.)
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Aleksandra V. Sen’kova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.I.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.S.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Alina A. Okhina
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.O.); (A.D.R.)
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Artem D. Rogachev
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.O.); (A.D.R.)
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Marina A. Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.I.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.S.); (M.A.Z.)
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18
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Taouktsi E, Kyriakou E, Smyrniotis S, Borbolis F, Bondi L, Avgeris S, Trigazis E, Rigas S, Voutsinas GE, Syntichaki P. Organismal and Cellular Stress Responses upon Disruption of Mitochondrial Lonp1 Protease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081363. [PMID: 35456042 PMCID: PMC9025075 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells engage complex surveillance mechanisms to maintain mitochondrial function and protein homeostasis. LonP1 protease is a key component of mitochondrial quality control and has been implicated in human malignancies and other pathological disorders. Here, we employed two experimental systems, the worm Caenorhabditis elegans and human cancer cells, to investigate and compare the effects of LONP-1/LonP1 deficiency at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. Deletion of the lonp-1 gene in worms disturbed mitochondrial function, provoked reactive oxygen species accumulation, and impaired normal processes, such as growth, behavior, and lifespan. The viability of lonp-1 mutants was dependent on the activity of the ATFS-1 transcription factor, and loss of LONP-1 evoked retrograde signaling that involved both the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic unfolded protein response (UPRmt and UPRcyt) pathways and ensuing diverse organismal stress responses. Exposure of worms to triterpenoid CDDO-Me, an inhibitor of human LonP1, stimulated only UPRcyt responses. In cancer cells, CDDO-Me induced key components of the integrated stress response (ISR), the UPRmt and UPRcyt pathways, and the redox machinery. However, genetic knockdown of LonP1 revealed a genotype-specific cellular response and induced apoptosis similar to CDDO-Me treatment. Overall, the mitochondrial dysfunction ensued by disruption of LonP1 elicits adaptive cytoprotective mechanisms that can inhibit cancer cell survival but diversely modulate organismal stress response and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Taouktsi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleni Kyriakou
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Stefanos Smyrniotis
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Rare Disease Genetics, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Fivos Borbolis
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Labrina Bondi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Rare Disease Genetics, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Socratis Avgeris
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Rare Disease Genetics, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Efstathios Trigazis
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Stamatis Rigas
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Gerassimos E. Voutsinas
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Rare Disease Genetics, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (G.E.V.); (P.S.); Tel.: +30-21-0650-3579 (G.E.V.); +30-21-0659-7474 (P.S.)
| | - Popi Syntichaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence: (G.E.V.); (P.S.); Tel.: +30-21-0650-3579 (G.E.V.); +30-21-0659-7474 (P.S.)
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19
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Sheng X, Liu C, Yan G, Li G, Liu J, Yang Y, Li S, Li Z, Zhou J, Zhen X, Zhang Y, Diao Z, Hu Y, Fu C, Yao B, Li C, Cao Y, Lu B, Yang Z, Qin Y, Sun H, Ding L. The mitochondrial protease LONP1 maintains oocyte development and survival by suppressing nuclear translocation of AIFM1 in mammals. EBioMedicine 2022; 75:103790. [PMID: 34974310 PMCID: PMC8733232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oogenesis is a fundamental process of human reproduction, and mitochondria play crucial roles in oocyte competence. Mitochondrial ATP-dependent Lon protease 1 (LONP1) functions as a critical protein in maintaining mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis in somatic cells. However, the essential role of LONP1 in maintaining mammalian oogenesis is far from elucidated. Methods Using conditional oocyte Lonp1-knockout mice, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and coimmunoprecipitation/liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (Co-IP/LC–MS) technology, we analysed the functions of LONP1 in mammalian oogenesis. Findings Conditional knockout of Lonp1 in mouse oocytes in both the primordial and growing follicle stages impairs follicular development and causes progressive oocyte death, ovarian reserve loss, and infertility. LONP1 directly interacts with apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria-associated 1 (AIFM1), and LONP1 ablation leads to the translocation of AIFM1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, causing apoptosis in mouse oocytes. In addition, women with pathogenic variants of LONP1 lack large antral follicles (>10 mm) in the ovaries, are infertile and present premature ovarian insufficiency. Interpretation We demonstrated the function of LONP1 in regulating oocyte development and survival, and in-depth analysis of LONP1 will be crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying premature ovarian insufficiency. Funding This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1004701), the National Nature Science Foundation of China (82001629, 81871128, 81571391, 81401166, 82030040), the Jiangsu Province Social Development Project (BE2018602), the Jiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talent (QNRC2016006), the Youth Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20200116) and Jiangsu Province Postdoctoral Research Funding (2021K277B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Sheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Chuanming Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Guijun Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong 250021, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China
| | - Shiyuan Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Zhongxun Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Jidong Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Xin Zhen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Zhenyu Diao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yali Hu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Chuanhai Fu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Bin Yao
- The Reproductive Medical Center, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Chaojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University & Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong 250021, China.
| | - Haixiang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
| | - Lijun Ding
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Clinical Center for Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytic Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
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20
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Borella R, De Biasi S, Paolini A, Boraldi F, Lo Tartaro D, Mattioli M, Fidanza L, Neroni A, Caro-Maldonado A, Meschiari M, Franceschini E, Quaglino D, Guaraldi G, Bertoldi C, Sita M, Busani S, Girardis M, Mussini C, Cossarizza A, Gibellini L. Metabolic reprograming shapes neutrophil functions in severe COVID-19. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:484-502. [PMID: 34870329 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the mechanisms at the basis of neutrophil functions during SARS-CoV-2, we studied patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. They had high blood proportion of degranulated neutrophils and elevated plasma levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), elastase, and MPO-DNA complexes, which are typical markers of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). Their neutrophils display dysfunctional mitochondria, defective oxidative burst, increased glycolysis, glycogen accumulation in the cytoplasm, and increase glycogenolysis. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (ΗΙF-1α) is stabilized in such cells, and it controls the level of glycogen phosphorylase L (PYGL), a key enzyme in glycogenolysis. Inhibiting PYGL abolishes the ability of neutrophils to produce NET. Patients displayed significant increases of plasma levels of molecules involved in the regulation of neutrophils' function including CCL2, CXCL10, CCL20, IL-18, IL-3, IL-6, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ. Our data suggest that metabolic remodelling is vital for the formation of NET and for boosting neutrophil inflammatory response, thus, suggesting that modulating ΗΙF-1α or PYGL could represent a novel approach for innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Borella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Paolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Domenico Lo Tartaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Mattioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucia Fidanza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anita Neroni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Marianna Meschiari
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Erica Franceschini
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guaraldi
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Bertoldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Sita
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Busani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Girardis
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Mussini
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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21
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Proteins Marking the Sequence of Genotoxic Signaling from Irradiated Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to CD34+ Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115844. [PMID: 34072546 PMCID: PMC8197937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-targeted effects (NTE) of ionizing radiation may initiate myeloid neoplasms (MN). Here, protein mediators (I) in irradiated human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) as the NTE source, (II) in MSC conditioned supernatant and (III) in human bone marrow CD34+ cells undergoing genotoxic NTE were investigated. Healthy sublethal irradiated MSC showed significantly increased levels of reactive oxygen species. These cells responded by increasing intracellular abundance of proteins involved in proteasomal degradation, protein translation, cytoskeleton dynamics, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, and those with antioxidant activity. Among the increased proteins were THY1 and GNA11/14, which are signaling proteins with hitherto unknown functions in the radiation response and NTE. In the corresponding MSC conditioned medium, the three chaperones GRP78, CALR, and PDIA3 were increased. Together with GPI, these were the only four altered proteins, which were associated with the observed genotoxic NTE. Healthy CD34+ cells cultured in MSC conditioned medium suffered from more than a six-fold increase in γH2AX focal staining, indicative for DNA double-strand breaks, as well as numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations within three days. At this stage, five proteins were altered, among them IQGAP1, HMGB1, and PA2G4, which are involved in malign development. In summary, our data provide novel insights into three sequential steps of genotoxic signaling from irradiated MSC to CD34+ cells, implicating that induced NTE might initiate the development of MN.
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22
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Zhu L, Luo X, Fu N, Chen L. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response: A novel pathway in metabolism and immunity. Pharmacol Res 2021; 168:105603. [PMID: 33838292 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mitoUPR) is a mitochondria stress response to maintain mitochondrial proteostasis during stress. Increasing evidence suggests that mitoUPR participates in diverse physiological processes especially metabolism and immunity. Although mitoUPR regulates metabolism in many aspects, it is mainly reflected in the regulation of energy metabolism. During stress, mitoUPR alters energy metabolism via suppressing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) or increasing glycolysis. MitoUPR also alters energy metabolism and regulates diverse metabolic diseases such as diabetes, cancers, fatty liver and obesity. In addition, mitoUPR also participates in immune process during stress. MitoUPR can induce innate immune response during various infections and may regulate inflammatory response during diverse inflammations. Considering the pleiotropic actions of mitoUPR, mitoUPR may supply diverse therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xuling Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Nian Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
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23
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Kingsley LJ, He X, McNeill M, Nelson J, Nikulin V, Ma Z, Lu W, Zhou VW, Manuia M, Kreusch A, Gao MY, Witmer D, Vaillancourt MT, Lu M, Greenblatt S, Lee C, Vashisht A, Bender S, Spraggon G, Michellys PY, Jia Y, Haling JR, Lelais G. Structure-Based Design of Selective LONP1 Inhibitors for Probing In Vitro Biology. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4857-4869. [PMID: 33821636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
LONP1 is an AAA+ protease that maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by removing damaged or misfolded proteins. Elevated activity and expression of LONP1 promotes cancer cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis-inducing reagents. Despite the importance of LONP1 in human biology and disease, very few LONP1 inhibitors have been described in the literature. Herein, we report the development of selective boronic acid-based LONP1 inhibitors using structure-based drug design as well as the first structures of human LONP1 bound to various inhibitors. Our efforts led to several nanomolar LONP1 inhibitors with little to no activity against the 20S proteasome that serve as tool compounds to investigate LONP1 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Kingsley
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiaohui He
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Matthew McNeill
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John Nelson
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Victor Nikulin
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Zhiwei Ma
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Wenshuo Lu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Vicki W Zhou
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mari Manuia
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andreas Kreusch
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mu-Yun Gao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Darbi Witmer
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mei-Ting Vaillancourt
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Min Lu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sarah Greenblatt
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christian Lee
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ajay Vashisht
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Steven Bender
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Glen Spraggon
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Pierre-Yves Michellys
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yong Jia
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacob R Haling
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Gérald Lelais
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
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24
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Decreased Expression of MPC2 Contributes to Aerobic Glycolysis and Colorectal Cancer Proliferation by Activating mTOR Pathway. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6618837. [PMID: 33791391 PMCID: PMC7984920 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6618837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier 1 (MPC1), one of the rate-limiting proteins involved in glycolysis metabolism, has been demonstrated as a tumor inhibitor in several cancers. This study was conducted with the aim of exploring the role and underlying mechanisms of MPC2 in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we found that MPC2 expression was decreased in CRC samples. According to the analysis on our TMA data, lower expression of MPC2 is correlated with a higher incidence of distant metastasis and lymph node invasion, bigger tumor size, low survival rate of patients, and advanced T stages. Functionally, in vivo/vitro experiments showed that MPC2 knockdown induced CRC cell proliferation and growth, while MPC2 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and growth of CRC. Further study demonstrated that MPC2 knockdown resulted in aerobic glycolysis in CRC cells. Similarly, MPC2 overexpression in CRC cells also caused inhibited aerobic glycolysis. Further study found that MPC2 knockdown in CRC cell lines activated the mTOR signaling pathway, and the addition of rapamycin reversed the promoting effect of MPC2 knockdown on CRC proliferation and glycolysis. Likewise, the addition of MHY1485 also reversed the MPC2 overexpression's role in hindering aerobic glycolysis in CRC cells. Collectively, our study established that low expression of MPC2 led to CRC growth as well as aerobic glycolysis through the regulation of the mTOR pathway in CRC cells, indicating a potential biomarker and therapy target for CRC.
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25
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Gibellini L, De Biasi S, Paolini A, Borella R, Boraldi F, Mattioli M, Lo Tartaro D, Fidanza L, Caro‐Maldonado A, Meschiari M, Iadisernia V, Bacca E, Riva G, Cicchetti L, Quaglino D, Guaraldi G, Busani S, Girardis M, Mussini C, Cossarizza A. Altered bioenergetics and mitochondrial dysfunction of monocytes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e13001. [PMID: 33078545 PMCID: PMC7645870 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 who experience an exaggerated inflammation leading to pneumonia, monocytes likely play a major role but have received poor attention. Thus, we analyzed peripheral blood monocytes from patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and found that these cells show signs of altered bioenergetics and mitochondrial dysfunction, had a reduced basal and maximal respiration, reduced spare respiratory capacity, and decreased proton leak. Basal extracellular acidification rate was also diminished, suggesting reduced capability to perform aerobic glycolysis. Although COVID-19 monocytes had a reduced ability to perform oxidative burst, they were still capable of producing TNF and IFN-γ in vitro. A significantly high amount of monocytes had depolarized mitochondria and abnormal mitochondrial ultrastructure. A redistribution of monocyte subsets, with a significant expansion of intermediate/pro-inflammatory cells, and high amounts of immature monocytes were found, along with a concomitant compression of classical monocytes, and an increased expression of inhibitory checkpoints like PD-1/PD-L1. High plasma levels of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including GM-CSF, IL-18, CCL2, CXCL10, and osteopontin, finally confirm the importance of monocytes in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and AdultsUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and AdultsUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Annamaria Paolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and AdultsUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Rebecca Borella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and AdultsUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Marco Mattioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and AdultsUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Domenico Lo Tartaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and AdultsUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Lucia Fidanza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and AdultsUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | | | - Marianna Meschiari
- Infectious Diseases ClinicsAOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Vittorio Iadisernia
- Infectious Diseases ClinicsAOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Erica Bacca
- Infectious Diseases ClinicsAOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Giovanni Riva
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyAUSL/AOU PoliclinicoModenaItaly
| | | | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Giovanni Guaraldi
- Infectious Diseases ClinicsAOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Stefano Busani
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive CareAOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Massimo Girardis
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive CareAOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Cristina Mussini
- Infectious Diseases ClinicsAOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and AdultsUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
- Institute for Cardiovascular ResearchBolognaItaly
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Kalvala AK, Yerra VG, Sherkhane B, Gundu C, Arruri V, Kumar R, Kumar A. Chronic hyperglycemia impairs mitochondrial unfolded protein response and precipitates proteotoxicity in experimental diabetic neuropathy: focus on LonP1 mediated mitochondrial regulation. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1627-1644. [PMID: 32720218 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis has been identified to contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy (DN). However, the role of Mitochondrial Lon peptidase 1 (Lonp1) and Heat shock proteins (HSP's) in DN remains elusive. Here we studied the role of these proteins in experimental DN. METHODS Rats were injected with STZ (55 mg/kg, ip) to induce diabetes. After confirmation of diabetes, animals were maintained for 8 weeks to develop neuropathy. Resveratrol was administered at two dose levels 10 and 20 mg/kg for last 2 weeks. Neuronal PC12 cells was challenged with 30 mM of β-D glucose to evaluate the molecular changes. RESULTS Diabetic rats showed reduced expression of various mitochondrial proteases in dorsal root ganglions (DRG). This effect may increase proteotoxicity and diminish electron transport chain (ETC) activity as evident by increased protein oxidation and reduced ETC complexes activities under diabetic condition. In particular, we focused on our efforts to characterize the expression pattern of Lonp1 which was found to be significantly (p < 0.01 vs. control group) under expressed in DRG of diabetic rats. We used Resveratrol to characterize the importance of Lonp1 in regulation of mitochondrial function. High glucose (HG) (30 mM) exposed PC12 cells suggested that Resveratrol treatment attenuated the HG induced mitochondrial damage via induction of mitochondrial proteases. Moreover, siRNA directed against Lonp1 has impaired the activity of Resveratrol in attenuating the HG induced mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSION These results would signify the importance of modulating mitochondrial proteases for the therapeutic management of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Kalvala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Veera Ganesh Yerra
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bhoomika Sherkhane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Chayanika Gundu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Vijay Arruri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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De Gaetano A, Gibellini L, Bianchini E, Borella R, De Biasi S, Nasi M, Boraldi F, Cossarizza A, Pinti M. Impaired Mitochondrial Morphology and Functionality in Lonp1wt/- Mice. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061783. [PMID: 32521756 PMCID: PMC7355737 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
LONP1 is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protease crucial for organelle homeostasis; mutations of LONP1 have been associated with Cerebral, Ocular, Dental, Auricular, and Skeletal anomalies (CODAS) syndrome. To clarify the role of LONP1 in vivo, we generated a mouse model in which Lonp1 was ablated. The homozygous Lonp−/− mouse was not vital, while the heterozygous Lonp1wt/− showed similar growth rate, weight, length, life-span and histologic features as wild type. Conversely, ultrastructural analysis of heterozygous enterocytes evidenced profound morphological alterations of mitochondria, which appeared increased in number, swollen and larger, with a lower complexity. Embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from Lonp1wt/− mice showed a reduced expression of Lonp1 and Tfam, whose expression is regulated by LONP1. Mitochondrial DNA was also reduced, and mitochondria were swollen and larger, albeit at a lesser extent than enterocytes, with a perinuclear distribution. From the functional point of view, mitochondria from heterozygous MEF showed a lower oxygen consumption rate in basal conditions, either in the presence of glucose or galactose, and a reduced expression of mitochondrial complexes than wild type. In conclusion, the presence of one functional copy of the Lonp1 gene leads to impairment of mitochondrial ultrastructure and functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna De Gaetano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.G.); (R.B.); (S.D.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Elena Bianchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (E.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Rebecca Borella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.G.); (R.B.); (S.D.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.G.); (R.B.); (S.D.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (E.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.G.); (R.B.); (S.D.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-205-5386; Fax: +39-059-205-5426
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Kalvala AK, Khan I, Gundu C, Kumar A. An Overview on ATP Dependent and Independent Proteases Including an Anterograde to Retrograde Control on Mitochondrial Function; Focus on Diabetes and Diabetic Complications. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2584-2594. [PMID: 31317835 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190718153901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the central power stations of the cell involved with a myriad of cell signalling pathways that contribute for whole health status of the cell. It is a well known fact that not only mitochondrial genome encodes for mitochondrial proteins but there are several other mitochondrial specific proteins encoded by nuclear genome which regulate plethora of cell catabolic and anabolic process. Anterograde pathways include nuclear gene encoded proteins and their specific transport into the mitochondria and regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. The retrograde pathways include crosstalk between the mitochondria and cytoplasmic proteins. Indeed, ATP dependent and independent proteases are identified to be very critical in balancing anterograde to retrograde signalling and vice versa to maintain the cell viability or cell death. Different experimental studies conducted on silencing the genes of these proteases have shown embryonic lethality, cancer cells death, increased hepatic glucose output, insulin tolerance, increased protein exclusion bodies, mitochondrial dysfunction, and defect in mitochondrial biogenesis, increased inflammation, Apoptosis etc. These experimental studies included from eubacteria to eukaryotes. Hence, many lines of theories proposed these proteases are conservative from eubacteria to eukaryotes. However, the regulation of these proteases at gene level is not clearly understood and still research is warranted. In this review, we articulated the origin and regulation of these proteases and the cross talk between the nucleus and mitochondria vice versa, and highlighted the role of these proteases in diabetes and diabetic complications in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Kalvala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, India
| | - Islauddin Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, India
| | - Chayanika Gundu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, India
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29
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Gibellini L, De Gaetano A, Mandrioli M, Van Tongeren E, Bortolotti CA, Cossarizza A, Pinti M. The biology of Lonp1: More than a mitochondrial protease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 354:1-61. [PMID: 32475470 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Initially discovered as a protease responsible for degradation of misfolded or damaged proteins, the mitochondrial Lon protease (Lonp1) turned out to be a multifaceted enzyme, that displays at least three different functions (proteolysis, chaperone activity, binding of mtDNA) and that finely regulates several cellular processes, within and without mitochondria. Indeed, LONP1 in humans is ubiquitously expressed, and is involved in regulation of response to oxidative stress and, heat shock, in the maintenance of mtDNA, in the regulation of mitophagy. Furthermore, its proteolytic activity can regulate several biochemical pathways occurring totally or partially within mitochondria, such as TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, steroid and heme biosynthesis and glutamine production. Because of these multiple activities, Lon protease is highly conserved throughout evolution, and mutations occurring in its gene determines severe diseases in humans, including a rare syndrome characterized by Cerebral, Ocular, Dental, Auricular and Skeletal anomalies (CODAS). Finally, alterations of LONP1 regulation in humans can favor tumor progression and aggressiveness, further highlighting the crucial role of this enzyme in mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna De Gaetano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mauro Mandrioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elia Van Tongeren
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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30
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Bartoszewska S, Collawn JF. Unfolded protein response (UPR) integrated signaling networks determine cell fate during hypoxia. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:18. [PMID: 32190062 PMCID: PMC7071609 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During hypoxic conditions, cells undergo critical adaptive responses that include the up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible proteins (HIFs) and the induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR). While their induced signaling pathways have many distinct targets, there are some important connections as well. Despite the extensive studies on both of these signaling pathways, the exact mechanisms involved that determine survival versus apoptosis remain largely unexplained and therefore beyond therapeutic control. Here we discuss the complex relationship between the HIF and UPR signaling pathways and the importance of understanding how these pathways differ between normal and cancer cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - James F. Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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31
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The Mitochondrial Lon Protease: Novel Functions off the Beaten Track? Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020253. [PMID: 32046155 PMCID: PMC7072132 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain organellar function, mitochondria contain an elaborate endogenous protein quality control system. As one of the two soluble energy-dependent proteolytic enzymes in the matrix compartment, the protease Lon is a major component of this system, responsible for the degradation of misfolded proteins, in particular under oxidative stress conditions. Lon defects have been shown to negatively affect energy production by oxidative phosphorylation but also mitochondrial gene expression. In this review, recent studies on the role of Lon in mammalian cells, in particular on its protective action under diverse stress conditions and its relationship to important human diseases are summarized and commented.
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32
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Kalvala AK, Yerra VG, Kumar A. LONP1 induction by SRT1720 attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction against high glucose induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 62:104695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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33
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Besse A, Brezavar D, Hanson J, Larson A, Bonnen PE. LONP1 de novo dominant mutation causes mitochondrial encephalopathy with loss of LONP1 chaperone activity and excessive LONP1 proteolytic activity. Mitochondrion 2020; 51:68-78. [PMID: 31923470 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
LONP1 is an ATP-dependent protease and chaperone that plays multiple vital roles in mitochondria. LONP1 is essential for mitochondrial homeostasis due to its role in maintenance of the mitochondrial genome and its central role in regulating mitochondrial processes such as oxidative phosphorylation, mitophagy, and heme biosynthesis. Bi-allelic LONP1 mutations have been reported to cause a constellation of clinical presentations. We report a patient heterozygous for a de novo mutation in LONP1: c.901C>T,p.R301W presenting as a neonate with seizures, encephalopathy, pachygyria and microcephaly. Assays of respiratory chain activity in muscle showed complex II-III function at 8% of control. Functional studies in patient fibroblasts showed a signature of dysfunction that included significant decreases in known proteolytic targets of LONP1 (TFAM, PINK1, phospho-PDH E1α) as well as loss of mitochondrial ribosome subunits MRPL44 and MRPL11 with concomitant decreased activity and level of protein subunits of oxidative phosphorylation complexes I and IV. These results indicate excessive LONP1 proteolytic activity and a loss of LONP1 chaperone activity. Further, we demonstrate that the LONP1 N-terminal domain is involved in hexamer stability of LONP1 and that the ability to make conformational changes is necessary for LONP1 to regulate proper functioning of both its proteolytic and chaperone activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Besse
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Daniel Brezavar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer Hanson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Austin Larson
- University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Penelope E Bonnen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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34
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Venkatesh S, Suzuki CK. Cell stress management by the mitochondrial LonP1 protease - Insights into mitigating developmental, oncogenic and cardiac stress. Mitochondrion 2019; 51:46-61. [PMID: 31756517 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial LonP1 is an essential stress response protease that mediates mitochondrial proteostasis, metabolism and bioenergetics. Homozygous and compound heterozygous variants in the LONP1 gene encoding the LonP1 protease have recently been shown to cause a diverse spectrum of human pathologies, ranging from classical mitochondrial disease phenotypes, profound neurologic impairment and multi-organ dysfunctions, some of which are uncommon to mitochondrial disorders. In this review, we focus primarily on human LonP1 and discuss findings, which demonstrate its multidimensional roles in maintaining mitochondrial proteostasis and adapting cells to metabolic flux and stress during normal physiology and disease processes. We also discuss emerging roles of LonP1 in responding to developmental, oncogenic and cardiac stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundararajan Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School - Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Carolyn K Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School - Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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35
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Borella R, Forti L, Gibellini L, De Gaetano A, De Biasi S, Nasi M, Cossarizza A, Pinti M. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of CDDO and CDDO-Me, Two Derivatives of Natural Triterpenoids. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224097. [PMID: 31766211 PMCID: PMC6891335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoids are natural compounds synthesized by plants through cyclization of squalene, known for their weak anti-inflammatory activity. 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), and its C28 modified derivative, methyl-ester (CDDO-Me, also known as bardoxolone methyl), are two synthetic derivatives of oleanolic acid, synthesized more than 20 years ago, in an attempt to enhance the anti-inflammatory behavior of the natural compound. These molecules have been extensively investigated for their strong ability to exert antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic activities, and to induce apoptosis and differentiation in cancer cells. Here, we discuss the chemical properties of natural triterpenoids, the pathways of synthesis and the biological effects of CDDO and its derivative CDDO-Me. At nanomolar doses, CDDO and CDDO-Me have been shown to protect cells and tissues from oxidative stress by increasing the transcriptional activity of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). At doses higher than 100 nM, CDDO and CDDO-Me are able to modulate the differentiation of a variety of cell types, both tumor cell lines or primary culture cell, while at micromolar doses these compounds exert an anticancer effect in multiple manners; by inducing extrinsic or intrinsic apoptotic pathways, or autophagic cell death, by inhibiting telomerase activity, by disrupting mitochondrial functions through Lon protease inhibition, and by blocking the deubiquitylating enzyme USP7. CDDO-Me demonstrated its efficacy as anticancer drugs in different mouse models, and versus several types of cancer. Several clinical trials have been started in humans for evaluating CDDO-Me efficacy as anticancer and anti-inflammatory drug; despite promising results, significant increase in heart failure events represented an obstacle for the clinical use of CDDO-Me.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Borella
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.B.); (L.F.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Luca Forti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.B.); (L.F.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.G.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Anna De Gaetano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.B.); (L.F.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.G.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.B.); (L.F.); (A.D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39 059 205 5386; Fax: +39 059 205 5426
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36
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Ghosh JC, Seo JH, Agarwal E, Wang Y, Kossenkov AV, Tang HY, Speicher DW, Altieri DC. Akt phosphorylation of mitochondrial Lonp1 protease enables oxidative metabolism and advanced tumor traits. Oncogene 2019; 38:6926-6939. [PMID: 31406245 PMCID: PMC6814529 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor mitochondria have heightened protein folding quality control, but the regulators of this process and how they impact cancer traits are not completely understood. Here we show that the ATP-directed mitochondrial protease, LonP1 is upregulated by stress conditions, including hypoxia, in tumor, but not normal cells. In mitochondria, LonP1 is phosphorylated by Akt on Ser173 and Ser181, enhancing its protease activity. Interference with this pathway induces accumulation of misfolded subunits of electron transport chain complex II and complex V, resulting in impaired oxidative bioenergetics and heightened ROS production. Functionally, this suppresses mitochondrial trafficking to the cortical cytoskeleton, shuts off tumor cell migration and invasion, and inhibits primary and metastatic tumor growth, in vivo. These data identify LonP1 as a key effector of mitochondrial reprogramming in cancer and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish C Ghosh
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jae Ho Seo
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ekta Agarwal
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David W Speicher
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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37
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Inhibition of LONP1 Suppresses Pancreatic Cancer Progression Via c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Pathway-Meditated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Pancreas 2019; 48:629-635. [PMID: 31091208 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of LONP1 in the progression of pancreatic cancer. METHODS Lentivirus was used to silence LONP1 in PANC-1 cells. Colony formation assay, cell counting kit (CCK8) assay, cell scratch-wound assay, and transwell assay were used to assess the effects of our strategy on inhibiting cancer growth, migration, and invasion. Protein expression was detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The expression of LONP1 in pancreatic carcinoma tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal pancreatic tissues. Downregulation of LONP1 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PANC-1 cells. Knockdown of LONP1 in PANC-1 cells inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition and matrix metalloprotein (MMP) 2/9 by downregulation of vimentin, snail, slug, MMP2, and MMP9 and upregulation of claudin-1. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway was inactivated in LONP1 knockdown PANC-1 cells. Activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway by anisomycin treatment significantly reversed the changes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and MMP2/9 induced by ablation of LONP1 in PANC-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS LONP1 plays a vital role in the proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic cancer, which provides a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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