1
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Liang P, Wan YCS, Yu K, Hartzell HC, Yang H. Niclosamide potentiates TMEM16A and induces vasoconstriction. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313460. [PMID: 38814250 PMCID: PMC11138202 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The TMEM16A calcium-activated chloride channel is a promising therapeutic target for various diseases. Niclosamide, an anthelmintic medication, has been considered a TMEM16A inhibitor for treating asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but was recently found to possess broad-spectrum off-target effects. Here, we show that, under physiological Ca2+ (200-500 nM) and voltages, niclosamide acutely potentiates TMEM16A. Our computational and functional characterizations pinpoint a putative niclosamide binding site on the extracellular side of TMEM16A. Mutations in this site attenuate the potentiation. Moreover, niclosamide potentiates endogenous TMEM16A in vascular smooth muscle cells, triggers intracellular calcium increase, and constricts the murine mesenteric artery. Our findings advise caution when considering clinical applications of niclosamide as a TMEM16A inhibitor. The identification of the putative niclosamide binding site provides insights into the mechanism of TMEM16A pharmacological modulation and provides insights into developing specific TMEM16A modulators to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yui Chun S. Wan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kuai Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H. Criss Hartzell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Huanghe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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2
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Genovese M, Galietta LJV. Anoctamin pharmacology. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102905. [PMID: 38788257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
TMEM16 proteins, also known as anoctamins, are a family of ten membrane proteins with various tissue expression and subcellular localization. TMEM16A (anoctamin 1) is a plasma membrane protein that acts as a calcium-activated chloride channel. It is expressed in many types of epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells and some neurons. In airway epithelial cells, TMEM16A expression is particularly enhanced by inflammatory stimuli that also promote goblet cell metaplasia and mucus hypersecretion. Therefore, pharmacological modulation of TMEM16A could be beneficial to improve mucociliary clearance in chronic obstructive respiratory diseases. However, the correct approach to modulate TMEM16A activity (activation or inhibition) is still debated. Pharmacological inhibitors of TMEM16A could also be useful as anti-hypertensive agents given the TMEM16A role in smooth muscle contraction. In contrast to TMEM16A, TMEM16F (anoctamin 6) behaves as a calcium-activated phospholipid scramblase, responsible for the externalization of phosphatidylserine on cell surface. Inhibitors of TMEM16F could be useful as anti-coagulants and anti-viral agents. The role of other anoctamins as therapeutic targets is still unclear since their physiological role is still to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Genovese
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Luis J V Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples "Federico II", Italy.
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3
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Friedrich F, Petry LM, Garcia LDCE, Pieta MP, Meneses ADS, Bittencourt LB, Xavier LF, Antunes MOB, Grun LK, Lumertz M, Kunzelmann K, Pinto LA. Benzbromarone as adjuvant therapy for cystic fibrosis lung disease: a pilot clinical trial. J Bras Pneumol 2024; 50:e20230292. [PMID: 38896732 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20230292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cystic fibrosis (CF) affects multiple organs, the most severe consequences being observed in the lungs. Despite significant progress in developing CF transmembrane conductance regulator-specific treatments for CF lung disease, exploring alternative CF-targeted medications seems reasonable. We sought to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of oral benzbromarone as an adjuvant therapy in CF patients with reduced lung function. METHODS This was a prospective open-label pilot study of oral benzbromarone (100 mg/day) administered once daily for 90 days. Patients were followed at a tertiary referral center in southern Brazil. Safety was assessed by the number of reported adverse events. Secondary objectives included percent predicted FEV1 (FEV1%) and pulmonary exacerbations. RESULTS Ten patients were enrolled. Benzbromarone was found to be safe, with no serious drug-related adverse events. Eight patients completed the study; the median relative change in FEV1% tended to increase during the treatment, showing an 8% increase from baseline at the final visit. However, a nonparametric test showed that the change was not significant (p = 0.06). Of a total of ten patients, only one experienced at least one pulmonary exacerbation during the study. CONCLUSIONS Oral benzbromarone appears to be safe, and improved FEV1% has been observed in patients with CF. Further assessment in larger trials is warranted to elucidate whether oral benzbromarone can be a potential adjuvant therapy for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Friedrich
- Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| | - Lucas Montiel Petry
- Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| | - Laura de Castro E Garcia
- Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| | - Marina Puerari Pieta
- Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| | - Amanda da Silva Meneses
- Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| | - Luana Braga Bittencourt
- Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| | - Luiza Fernandes Xavier
- Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| | - Marcos Otávio Brum Antunes
- Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| | - Lucas Kich Grun
- Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| | - Magali Lumertz
- Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Araujo Pinto
- Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
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4
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Ousingsawat J, Talbi K, Gómez-Martín H, Koy A, Fernández-Jaén A, Tekgül H, Serdaroğlu E, Schreiber R, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Kunzelmann K. Broadening the clinical spectrum: molecular mechanisms and new phenotypes of ANO3-dystonia. Brain 2024; 147:1982-1995. [PMID: 38079528 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin 3 (ANO3) belongs to a family of transmembrane proteins that form phospholipid scramblases and ion channels. A large number of ANO3 variants were identified as the cause of craniocervical dystonia, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain obscure. It was suggested that ANO3 variants may dysregulate intracellular Ca2+ signalling, as variants in other Ca2+ regulating proteins like hippocalcin were also identified as a cause of dystonia. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the clinical, radiological and molecular characteristics of four individuals from four families who carried heterozygous variants in ANO3. The median age at follow-up was 6.6 years (ranging from 3.8 to 8.7 years). Three individuals presented with hypotonia and motor developmental delay. Two patients exhibited generalized progressive dystonia, while one patient presented with paroxysmal dystonia. Additionally, another patient exhibited early dyskinetic encephalopathy. One patient underwent bipallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) and showed a mild but noteworthy response, while another patient is currently being considered for DBS treatment. Neuroimaging analysis of brain MRI studies did not reveal any specific abnormalities. The molecular spectrum included two novel ANO3 variants (V561L and S116L) and two previously reported ANO3 variants (A599D and S651N). As anoctamins are suggested to affect intracellular Ca2+ signals, we compared Ca2+ signalling and activation of ion channels in cells expressing wild-type ANO3 and cells expressing anoctamin variants. Novel V561L and S116L variants were compared with previously reported A599D and S651N variants and with wild-type ANO3 expressed in fibroblasts isolated from patients or when overexpressed in HEK293 cells. We identified ANO3 as a Ca2+-activated phospholipid scramblase that also conducts ions. Impaired Ca2+ signalling and compromised activation of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels were detected in cells expressing ANO3 variants. In the brain striatal cells of affected patients, impaired activation of KCa3.1 channels due to compromised Ca2+ signals may lead to depolarized membrane voltage and neuronal hyperexcitability and may also lead to reduced cellular viability, as shown in the present study. In conclusion, our study reveals the association between ANO3 variants and paroxysmal dystonia, representing the first reported link between these variants and this specific dystonic phenotype. We demonstrate that ANO3 functions as a Ca2+-activated phospholipid scramblase and ion channel; cells expressing ANO3 variants exhibit impaired Ca2+ signalling and compromised activation of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels. These findings provide a mechanism for the observed clinical manifestations and highlight the importance of ANO3 for neuronal excitability and cellular viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaoula Talbi
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hilario Gómez-Martín
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Castilla y Leon, Spain
| | - Anne Koy
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University, Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Alberto Fernández-Jaén
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Europea De Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hasan Tekgül
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Ege Children's Hospital, Ege University Medical School, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Serdaroğlu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Gazi University, Emniyet, 06560 Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Juan Dario Ortigoza-Escobar
- U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Pediatric Neurology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Gu X, Liu Z, Shan S, Ren T, Wang S. Airway basal cell‑derived exosomes suppress epithelial‑mesenchymal transition of lung cells by inhibiting the expression of ANO1. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:219. [PMID: 38590572 PMCID: PMC11000454 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of activated lung cells is an important strategy to inhibit the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The present study investigated the role of exosomes derived from airway basal cells on EMT of lung cells and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Exosomes were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy imaging and markers detection. The role of exosome on the EMT of lung epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts induced by TGF-β1 was detected. RNA sequencing screened dysregulated genes in exosome-treated group, followed by the bioinformatical analysis. One of the candidates, anoctamin-1 (ANO1), was selected for further gain-and-loss phenotype assays. A bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model was used to evaluate the treatment effect of exosomes. Exosomes were round-like and positively expressed CD63 and tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein. Treatment with exosomes inhibited the EMT of lung cells activated by TGF-β1. 4158 dysregulated genes were identified in exosome-treated group under the threshold of |log2 fold-change| value >1 and they were involved in the metabolism of various molecules, as well as motility-related biological processes. A key gene, ANO1, was verified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, whose overexpression induced the EMT of lung cells. By contrast, ANO1 knockdown reversed the EMT induced by TGF-β1. In vivo assay indicated that exosome treatment ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis and inhibited the upregulation of ANO1 induced by bleomycin. In conclusion, airway basal cell-derived exosomes suppressed the EMT of lung cells via the downregulation of ANO1. These exosomes represent a potential therapeutic option for patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Xuhui, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Xuhui, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Shan Shan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Xuhui, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Xuhui, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Shaoyang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Xuhui, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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6
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Briottet M, Sy K, London C, Aissat A, Shum M, Escabasse V, Louis B, Urbach V. Specialized proresolving mediator resolvin E1 corrects the altered cystic fibrosis nasal epithelium cilia beating dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313089121. [PMID: 38252817 PMCID: PMC10835060 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313089121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), impaired mucociliary clearance leads to chronic infection and inflammation. However, cilia beating features in a CF altered environment, consisting of dehydrated airway surface liquid layer and abnormal mucus, have not been fully characterized. Furthermore, acute inflammation is normally followed by an active resolution phase requiring specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) and allowing return to homeostasis. However, altered SPMs biosynthesis has been reported in CF. Here, we explored cilia beating dynamics in CF airways primary cultures and its response to the SPMs, resolvin E1 (RvE1) and lipoxin B4 (LXB4). Human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) from CF and non-CF donors were grown at air-liquid interface. The ciliary beat frequency, synchronization, orientation, and density were analyzed from high-speed video microscopy using a multiscale Differential Dynamic Microscopy algorithm and an in-house developed method. Mucins and ASL layer height were studied by qRT-PCR and confocal microscopy. Principal component analysis showed that CF and non-CF hNEC had distinct cilia beating phenotypes, which was mostly explained by differences in cilia beat organization rather than frequency. Exposure to RvE1 (10 nM) and to LXB4 (10 nM) restored a non-CF-like cilia beating phenotype. Furthermore, RvE1 increased the airway surface liquid (ASL) layer height and reduced the mucin MUC5AC thickness. The calcium-activated chloride channel, TMEM16A, was involved in the RvE1 effect on cilia beating, hydration, and mucus. Altogether, our results provide evidence for defective cilia beating in CF airway epithelium and a role of RvE1 and LXB4 to restore the main epithelial functions involved in the mucociliary clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Briottet
- INSERM U955, Créteil94000, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil94000, France
| | - Khadeeja Sy
- INSERM U955, Créteil94000, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil94000, France
| | - Charlie London
- INSERM U955, Créteil94000, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil94000, France
| | - Abdel Aissat
- INSERM U955, Créteil94000, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil94000, France
| | - Mickael Shum
- INSERM U955, Créteil94000, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil94000, France
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil94000, France
| | - Virginie Escabasse
- INSERM U955, Créteil94000, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil94000, France
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil94000, France
| | - Bruno Louis
- INSERM U955, Créteil94000, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil94000, France
| | - Valérie Urbach
- INSERM U955, Créteil94000, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil94000, France
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7
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Ousingsawat J, Centeio R, Reyne N, McCarron A, Cmielewski P, Schreiber R, diStefano G, Römermann D, Seidler U, Donnelley M, Kunzelmann K. Inhibition of mucus secretion by niclosamide and benzbromarone in airways and intestine. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1464. [PMID: 38233410 PMCID: PMC10794189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+ activated Cl- channel TMEM16A (anoctamin 1; ANO1) is expressed in secretory epithelial cells of airways and intestine. Previous studies provided evidence for a role of ANO1 in mucus secretion. In the present study we investigated the effects of the two ANO1-inhibitors niclosamide (Niclo) and benzbromarone (Benz) in vitro and in vivo in mouse models for cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma. In human CF airway epithelial cells (CFBE), Ca2+ increase and activation of ANO1 by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or ionomycin was strongly inhibited by 200 nM Niclo and 1 µM Benz. In asthmatic mice airway mucus secretion was inhibited by intratracheal instillation of Niclo or Benz. In homozygous F508del-cftr mice, intestinal mucus secretion and infiltration by CD45-positive cells was inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of Niclo (13 mg/kg/day for 7 days). In homozygous F508del-cftr rats intestinal mucus secretion was inhibited by oral application of Benz (5 mg/kg/day for 60 days). Taken together, well tolerated therapeutic concentrations of niclosamide and benzbromarone corresponding to plasma levels of treated patients, inhibit ANO1 and intracellular Ca2+ signals and may therefore be useful in inhibiting mucus hypersecretion and mucus obstruction in airways and intestine of patients suffering from asthma and CF, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Reyne
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra McCarron
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Patricia Cmielewski
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gabriella diStefano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothee Römermann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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8
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Singh P, Li FJ, Dsouza K, Stephens CT, Zheng H, Kumar A, Dransfield MT, Antony VB. Low dose cadmium exposure regulates miR-381-ANO1 interaction in airway epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:246. [PMID: 38168913 PMCID: PMC10762153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the 3rd leading cause of death worldwide. Cigarette smoke which has approximately 2-3 µg of Cadmium (Cd) per cigarette contributes to the environmental exposure and development and severity of COPD. With the lack of a cadmium elimination mechanism in humans, the contribution of cadmium induced stress to lung epithelial cells remains unclear. Studies on cadmium responsive miRNAs suggest regulation of target genes with an emphasis on the critical role of miRNA-mRNA interaction for cellular homeostasis. Mir-381, the target miRNA in this study is negatively regulated by cadmium in airway epithelial cells. miR-381 is reported to also regulate ANO1 (Anoctamin 1) expression negatively and in this study low dose cadmium exposure to airway epithelial cells was observed to upregulate ANO1 mRNA expression via mir-381 inhibition. ANO1 which is a Ca2+-activated chloride channel has multiple effects on cellular functions such as proliferation, mucus hypersecretion and fibroblast differentiation in inflamed airways in chronic respiratory diseases. In vitro studies with cadmium at a high concentration range of 100-500 µM is reported to activate chloride channel, ANO1. The secretory epithelial cells are regulated by chloride channels like CFTR, ANO1 and SLC26A9. We examined "ever" smokers with COPD (n = 13) lung tissue sections compared to "never" smoker without COPD (n = 9). We found that "ever" smokers with COPD had higher ANO1 expression. Using mir-381 mimic to inhibit ANO1, we demonstrate here that ANO1 expression is significantly (p < 0.001) downregulated in COPD derived airway epithelial cells exposed to cadmium. Exposure to environmental cadmium contributes significantly to ANO1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kevin Dsouza
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Crystal T Stephens
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Huaxiu Zheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- UAB Superfund Center Advisory Board, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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9
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Delpiano L, Rodenburg LW, Burke M, Nelson G, Amatngalim GD, Beekman JM, Gray MA. Dynamic regulation of airway surface liquid pH by TMEM16A and SLC26A4 in cystic fibrosis nasal epithelia with rare mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307551120. [PMID: 37967223 PMCID: PMC10666107 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307551120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), defects in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel lead to an acidic airway surface liquid (ASL), which compromises innate defence mechanisms, predisposing to pulmonary failure. Restoring ASL pH is a potential therapy for people with CF, particularly for those who cannot benefit from current highly effective modulator therapy. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying ASL pH regulation. The calcium-activated chloride channel, TMEM16A, and the anion exchanger, SLC26A4, have been proposed as targets for restoring ASL pH, but current results are contradictory and often utilise nonphysiological conditions. To provide better evidence for a role of these two proteins in ASL pH homeostasis, we developed an efficient CRISPR-Cas9-based approach to knock-out (KO) relevant transporters in primary airway basal cells lacking CFTR and then measured dynamic changes in ASL pH under thin-film conditions in fully differentiated airway cultures, which better simulate the in vivo situation. Unexpectantly, we found that both proteins regulated steady-state as well as agonist-stimulated ASL pH, but only under inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, we identified two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs which raised ASL pH by activating SLC26A4. While we identified a role for SLC26A4 in fluid absorption, KO had no effect on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated fluid secretion in airway organoids. Overall, we have identified a role of TMEM16A in ASL pH homeostasis and shown that both TMEM16A and SLC26A4 could be important alternative targets for ASL pH therapy in CF, particularly for those people who do not produce any functional CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Delpiano
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa W Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of the European Reference Network-LUNG, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Burke
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Nelson
- Bioimaging Unit, Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gimano D Amatngalim
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of the European Reference Network-LUNG, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of the European Reference Network-LUNG, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- Centre for Living Technologies, Alliance Eindhoven University of Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A Gray
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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10
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Cho DY, Zhang S, Skinner D, Koch CG, Smith MJ, Lim DJ, Grayson JW, Tearney GJ, Rowe SM, Woodworth BA. Red ginseng aqueous extract improves mucociliary transport dysfunction and histopathology in CF rat airways. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:1113-1119. [PMID: 37704464 PMCID: PMC10843063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously discovered that Korean red ginseng aqueous extract (RGAE) potentiates the TMEM16A channel, improved mucociliary transport (MCT) parameters in CF nasal epithelia in vitro, and thus could serve as a therapeutic strategy to rescue the MCT defect in cystic fibrosis (CF) airways. The hypothesis of this study is that RGAE can improve epithelial Cl- secretion, MCT, and histopathology in an in-vivo CF rat model. METHODS Seventeen 4-month old CFTR-/- rats were randomly assigned to receive daily oral control (saline, n = 9) or RGAE (Ginsenosides 0.4mg/kg/daily, n = 8) for 4 weeks. Outcomes included nasal Cl- secretion measured with the nasal potential difference (NPD), functional microanatomy of the trachea using micro-optical coherence tomography, histopathology, and immunohistochemical staining for TMEM16a. RESULTS RGAE-treated CF rats had greater mean NPD polarization with UTP (control = -5.48 +/- 2.87 mV, RGAE = -9.49 +/- 2.99 mV, p < 0.05), indicating, at least in part, potentiation of UTP-mediated Cl- secretion through TMEM16A. All measured tracheal MCT parameters (airway surface liquid, periciliary liquid, ciliary beat frequency, MCT) were significantly increased in RGAE-treated CF rats with MCT exhibiting a 3-fold increase (control, 0.45+/-0.31 vs. RGAE, 1.45+/-0.66 mm/min, p < 0.01). Maxillary mucosa histopathology was markedly improved in RGAE-treated cohort (reduced intracellular mucus, goblet cells with no distention, and shorter epithelial height). TMEM16A expression was similar between groups. CONCLUSION RGAE improves TMEM16A-mediated transepithelial Cl- secretion, functional microanatomy, and histopathology in CF rats. Therapeutic strategies utilizing TMEM16A potentiators to treat CF airway disease are appropriate and provide a new avenue for mutation-independent therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yeon Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shaoyan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Daniel Skinner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Connor G Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Metta J Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dong-Jin Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jessica W Grayson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bradford A Woodworth
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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11
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Oliver KE, Carlon MS, Pedemonte N, Lopes-Pacheco M. The revolution of personalized pharmacotherapies for cystic fibrosis: what does the future hold? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1545-1565. [PMID: 37379072 PMCID: PMC10528905 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2230129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF), a potentially fatal genetic disease, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding for the CFTR chloride/bicarbonate channel. Modulator drugs rescuing mutant CFTR traffic and function are now in the clinic, providing unprecedented breakthrough therapies for people with CF (PwCF) carrying specific genotypes. However, several CFTR variants are unresponsive to these therapies. AREA COVERED We discussed several therapeutic approaches that are under development to tackle the fundamental cause of CF, including strategies targeting defective CFTR mRNA and/or protein expression and function. Alternatively, defective chloride secretion and dehydration in CF epithelia could be restored by exploiting pharmacological modulation of alternative targets, i.e., ion channels/transporters that concur with CFTR to maintain the airway surface liquid homeostasis (e.g., ENaC, TMEM16A, SLC26A4, SLC26A9, and ATP12A). Finally, we assessed progress and challenges in the development of gene-based therapies to replace or correct the mutant CFTR gene. EXPERT OPINION CFTR modulators are benefiting many PwCF responsive to these drugs, yielding substantial improvements in various clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, the CF therapy development pipeline continues to expand with the development of novel CFTR modulators and alternative therapeutic strategies with the ultimate goal of providing effective therapies for all PwCF in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Oliver
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marianne S. Carlon
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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12
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Kunzelmann K, Ousingsawat J, Kraus A, Park JH, Marquardt T, Schreiber R, Buchholz B. Pathogenic Relationships in Cystic Fibrosis and Renal Diseases: CFTR, SLC26A9 and Anoctamins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13278. [PMID: 37686084 PMCID: PMC10487509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cl--transporting proteins CFTR, SLC26A9, and anoctamin (ANO1; ANO6) appear to have more in common than initially suspected, as they all participate in the pathogenic process and clinical outcomes of airway and renal diseases. In the present review, we will therefore concentrate on recent findings concerning electrolyte transport in the airways and kidneys, and the role of CFTR, SLC26A9, and the anoctamins ANO1 and ANO6. Special emphasis will be placed on cystic fibrosis and asthma, as well as renal alkalosis and polycystic kidney disease. In essence, we will summarize recent evidence indicating that CFTR is the only relevant secretory Cl- channel in airways under basal (nonstimulated) conditions and after stimulation by secretagogues. Information is provided on the expressions of ANO1 and ANO6, which are important for the correct expression and function of CFTR. In addition, there is evidence that the Cl- transporter SLC26A9 expressed in the airways may have a reabsorptive rather than a Cl--secretory function. In the renal collecting ducts, bicarbonate secretion occurs through a synergistic action of CFTR and the Cl-/HCO3- transporter SLC26A4 (pendrin), which is probably supported by ANO1. Finally, in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the secretory function of CFTR in renal cyst formation may have been overestimated, whereas ANO1 and ANO6 have now been shown to be crucial in ADPKD and therefore represent new pharmacological targets for the treatment of polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.S.)
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.S.)
| | - Andre Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Julien H. Park
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.H.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.H.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.S.)
| | - Björn Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.B.)
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13
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Liang P, Wan YCS, Yu K, Hartzell HC, Yang H. Niclosamide potentiates TMEM16A and induces vasoconstriction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551400. [PMID: 37577682 PMCID: PMC10418162 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The TMEM16A calcium-activated chloride channel is a promising therapeutic target for various diseases. Niclosamide, an anthelmintic medication, has been considered as a TMEM16A inhibitor for treating asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but was recently found to possess broad-spectrum off-target effects. Here we show that, under physiological conditions, niclosamide acutely potentiates TMEM16A without having any inhibitory effect. Our computational and functional characterizations pinpoint a putative niclosamide binding site on the extracellular side of TMEM16A. Mutations in this site attenuate the potentiation. Moreover, niclosamide potentiates endogenous TMEM16A in vascular smooth muscle cells, triggers intracellular calcium increase, and constricts the murine mesenteric artery. Our findings advise caution when considering niclosamide as a TMEM16A inhibitor to treat diseases such as asthma, COPD, and hypertension. The identification of the putative niclosamide binding site provides insights into the mechanism of TMEM16A pharmacological modulation, shining light on developing specific TMEM16A modulators to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yui Chun S. Wan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kuai Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, GA 30322, USA
| | - H. Criss Hartzell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, GA 30322, USA
| | - Huanghe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, NC 27710, USA
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14
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Yang Z, Zhang Q, Wu X, Hao S, Hao X, Jones E, Zhang Y, Qiu J, Xu L. Repurposing Niclosamide as a Novel Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Drug by Restricting Entry Protein CD147. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2019. [PMID: 37509657 PMCID: PMC10377517 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and the search for effective treatments has been limited. Furthermore, the rapid mutations of SARS-CoV-2 have posed challenges to existing vaccines and neutralizing antibodies, as they struggle to keep up with the increased viral transmissibility and immune evasion. However, there is hope in targeting the CD147-spike protein, which serves as an alternative point for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. This protein has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the development of drugs against COVID-19. Here, we demonstrate that the RNA-binding protein Human-antigen R (HuR) plays a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulation of CD147 by directly binding to its 3'-untranslated region (UTR). We observed a decrease in CD147 levels across multiple cell lines upon HuR depletion. Furthermore, we identified that niclosamide can reduce CD147 by lowering the cytoplasmic translocation of HuR and reducing CD147 glycosylation. Moreover, our investigation revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces an upregulation of CD147 in ACE2-expressing A549 cells, which can be effectively neutralized by niclosamide in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, our study unveils a novel regulatory mechanism of regulating CD147 through HuR and suggests niclosamide as a promising therapeutic option against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Siyuan Hao
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Xinbao Hao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jianming Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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15
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Danahay H, Lilley S, Adley K, Charlton H, Fox R, Gosling M. Niclosamide does not modulate airway epithelial function through blocking of the calcium activated chloride channel, TMEM16A. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1142342. [PMID: 36950016 PMCID: PMC10025480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1142342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Niclosamide and benzbromarone have been described as inhibitors of the calcium activated chloride channel, TMEM16A, and on this basis have been considered and tested as clinical candidates for the treatment of airway diseases. However, both compounds have previously demonstrated activity on a range of additional biological targets and it is unclear from the literature to what extent any activity on TMEM16A may contribute to efficacy in these models of airway disease. The aim of the present study was therefore to examine the pharmacology and selectivity of these clinical candidates together with a structurally unrelated TMEM16A blocker, Ani9, in a range of functional assays to better appreciate the putative role of TMEM16A in the regulation of both epithelial ion transport and the development of an airway epithelial mucus secretory phenoptype. Benzbromarone and Ani9 both attenuated recombinant TMEM16A activity in patch clamp studies, whereas in contrast, niclosamide induced a paradoxical potentiation of the TMEM16A-mediated current. Niclosamide and benzbromarone were also demonstrated to attenuate receptor-dependent increases in intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) which likely contributed to their concomitant attenuation of the Ca2+-stimulated short-circuit current responses of FRT-TMEM16A and primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. In contrast, Ani9 attenuated the Ca2+-stimulated short-circuit current responses of both cell systems without influencing [Ca2+]i which supports a true channel blocking mechanism for this compound. Additional studies using HBE cells revealed effects of both niclosamide and benzbromarone on global ion transport processes (absorptive and secretory) as well as signs of toxicity (elevated LDH levels, loss of transepithelial resistance) that were not shared by Ani9. Ani9 also failed to influence the IL-13 induced differentiation of HBE towards a goblet cell rich, mucus hypersecreting epithelium, whereas niclosamide and benzbromarone attenuated numbers of both goblet and multiciliated cells, that would be consistent with cellular toxicity. Together these data challenge the description of niclosamide as a TMEM16A blocker and illustrate a range of off-target effects of both niclosamide and benzbromarone which may contribute to the reported activity in models of airway function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Danahay
- Enterprise Therapeutics Ltd., Brighton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Henry Danahay,
| | - Sarah Lilley
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Adley
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Charlton
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Roy Fox
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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16
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Jimenez C, Hawn MB, Akin E, Leblanc N. Translational potential of targeting Anoctamin-1-Encoded Calcium-Activated chloride channels in hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115320. [PMID: 36279919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCC) provide a depolarizing stimulus to a variety of tissues through chloride efflux in response to a rise in internal Ca2+ and voltage. One of these channels, Anoctamin-1 (ANO1 or TMEM16A) is now recognized to play a central role in promoting smooth muscle tone in various types of blood vessels. Its role in hypertension, and thus the therapeutic promise of targeting ANO1, is less straightforward. This review gives an overview of our current knowledge about the potential role ANO1 may play in hypertension within the systemic, portal, and pulmonary vascular systems and the importance of this information when pursuing potential treatment strategies. While the role of ANO1 is well-established in several forms of pulmonary hypertension, its contributions to both the generation of vascular tone and its role in hypertension within the systemic and portal systems are much less clear. This, combined with ANO1's various roles throughout a multitude of tissues throughout the body, command caution when targeting ANO1 as a therapeutic target and may require tissue-selective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Jimenez
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Matthew B Hawn
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Elizabeth Akin
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Normand Leblanc
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA.
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17
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Stermann T, Nguyen T, Stahlmecke B, Todea AM, Woeste S, Hacheney I, Krutmann J, Unfried K, Schins RPF, Rossi A. Carbon nanoparticles adversely affect CFTR expression and toxicologically relevant pathways. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14255. [PMID: 35995803 PMCID: PMC9395428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) that can lead to terminal respiratory failure. Ultrafine carbonaceous particles, which are ubiquitous in ambient urban and indoor air, are increasingly considered as major contributors to the global health burden of air pollution. However, their effects on the expression of CFTR and associated genes in lung epithelial cells have not yet been investigated. We therefore evaluated the effects of carbon nanoparticles (CNP), generated by spark-ablation, on the human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE14o- at air-liquid interface (ALI) culture conditions. The ALI-cultured cells exhibited epithelial barrier integrity and increased CFTR expression. Following a 4-h exposure to CNP, the cells exhibited a decreased barrier integrity, as well as decreased expression of CFTR transcript and protein levels. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that the CNP-exposed cells showed signs of oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage. In conclusion, this study describes spark-ablated carbon nanoparticles in a realistic exposure of aerosols to decrease CFTR expression accompanied by transcriptomic signs of oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Stermann
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thach Nguyen
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Ana Maria Todea
- IUTA - Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e.V., Duisburg, Germany
| | - Selina Woeste
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Inken Hacheney
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Unfried
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Rossi
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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18
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Schreiber R, Cabrita I, Kunzelmann K. Paneth Cell Secretion in vivo Requires Expression of Tmem16a and Tmem16f. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 1:1088-1098. [PMID: 39131261 PMCID: PMC11308424 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Paneth cells play a central role in intestinal innate immune response. These cells are localized at the base of small intestinal crypts of Lieberkuhn. The calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A and the phospholipid scramblase TMEM16F control intracellular Ca2+ signaling and exocytosis. We analyzed the role of TMEM16A and TMEM16F for Paneth cells secretion. Methods Mice with intestinal epithelial knockout of Tmem16a (Tmem16a-/-) and Tmem16f (Tmem16f-/-) were generated. Tissue structures and Paneth cells were analyzed, and Paneth cell exocytosis was examined in small intestinal organoids in vitro. Intracellular Ca2+ signals were measured and were compared between wild-type and Tmem16 knockout mice. Bacterial colonization and intestinal apoptosis were analyzed. Results Paneth cells in the crypts of Lieberkuhn from Tmem16a-/- and Tmem16f-/- mice demonstrated accumulation of lysozyme. Tmem16a and Tmem16f were localized in wild-type Paneth cells but were absent in cells from knockout animals. Paneth cell number and size were enhanced in the crypt base and mucus accumulated in intestinal goblet cells of knockout animals. Granule fusion and exocytosis on cholinergic and purinergic stimulation were examined online. Both were strongly compromised in the absence of Tmem16a or Tmem16f and were also blocked by inhibition of Tmem16a/f. Purinergic Ca2+ signaling was largely inhibited in Tmem16a knockout mice. Jejunal bacterial content was enhanced in knockout mice, whereas cellular apoptosis was inhibited. Conclusion The present data demonstrate the role of Tmem16 for exocytosis in Paneth cells. Inhibition or activation of Tmem16a/f is likely to affect microbial content and immune functions present in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Ines Cabrita
- Nephrologisches Forschungslabor, University of Cologne, Köln, NRW, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
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19
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Galietta LJ. TMEM16A (ANO1) as a therapeutic target in cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 64:102206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Lam AKM, Rutz S, Dutzler R. Inhibition mechanism of the chloride channel TMEM16A by the pore blocker 1PBC. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2798. [PMID: 35589730 PMCID: PMC9120017 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A, a calcium-activated chloride channel involved in multiple cellular processes, is a proposed target for diseases such as hypertension, asthma, and cystic fibrosis. Despite these therapeutic promises, its pharmacology remains poorly understood. Here, we present a cryo-EM structure of TMEM16A in complex with the channel blocker 1PBC and a detailed functional analysis of its inhibition mechanism. A pocket located external to the neck region of the hourglass-shaped pore is responsible for open-channel block by 1PBC and presumably also by its structural analogs. The binding of the blocker stabilizes an open-like conformation of the channel that involves a rearrangement of several pore helices. The expansion of the outer pore enhances blocker sensitivity and enables 1PBC to bind at a site within the transmembrane electric field. Our results define the mechanism of inhibition and gating and will facilitate the design of new, potent TMEM16A modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy K M Lam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurer Str. 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sonja Rutz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurer Str. 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raimund Dutzler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurer Str. 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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21
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Pifferi S, Boccaccio A. Ca 2+-Activated Chloride Channels and Phospholipid Scramblases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042158. [PMID: 35216275 PMCID: PMC8875746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pifferi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Boccaccio
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 16149 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (A.B.)
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22
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Ousingsawat J, Centeio R, Cabrita I, Talbi K, Zimmer O, Graf M, Göpferich A, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. Airway Delivery of Hydrogel-Encapsulated Niclosamide for the Treatment of Inflammatory Airway Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1085. [PMID: 35163010 PMCID: PMC8835663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Repurposing of the anthelminthic drug niclosamide was proposed as an effective treatment for inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Niclosamide may also be effective for the treatment of viral respiratory infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza. While systemic application of niclosamide may lead to unwanted side effects, local administration via aerosol may circumvent these problems, particularly when the drug is encapsulated into small polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrospheres. In the present study, we examined whether PEG-encapsulated niclosamide inhibits the production of mucus and affects the pro-inflammatory mediator CLCA1 in mouse airways in vivo, while effects on mucociliary clearance were assessed in excised mouse tracheas. The potential of encapsulated niclosamide to inhibit TMEM16A whole-cell Cl- currents and intracellular Ca2+ signalling was assessed in airway epithelial cells in vitro. We achieved encapsulation of niclosamide in PEG-microspheres and PEG-nanospheres (Niclo-spheres). When applied to asthmatic mice via intratracheal instillation, Niclo-spheres strongly attenuated overproduction of mucus, inhibited secretion of the major proinflammatory mediator CLCA1, and improved mucociliary clearance in tracheas ex vivo. These effects were comparable for niclosamide encapsulated in PEG-nanospheres and PEG-microspheres. Niclo-spheres inhibited the Ca2+ activated Cl- channel TMEM16A and attenuated mucus production in CFBE and Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells. Both inhibitory effects were explained by a pronounced inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ signals. The data indicate that poorly dissolvable compounds such as niclosamide can be encapsulated in PEG-microspheres/nanospheres and deposited locally on the airway epithelium as encapsulated drugs, which may be advantageous over systemic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (K.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (K.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Inês Cabrita
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (K.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Khaoula Talbi
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (K.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Oliver Zimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (O.Z.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Moritz Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (O.Z.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Achim Göpferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (O.Z.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (K.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (K.T.); (R.S.)
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23
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Abstract
Chloride transport across cell membranes is broadly involved in epithelial fluid transport, cell volume and pH regulation, muscle contraction, membrane excitability, and organellar acidification. The human genome encodes at least 53 chloride-transporting proteins with expression in cell plasma or intracellular membranes, which include chloride channels, exchangers, and cotransporters, some having broad anion specificity. Loss-of-function mutations in chloride transporters cause a wide variety of human diseases, including cystic fibrosis, secretory diarrhea, kidney stones, salt-wasting nephropathy, myotonia, osteopetrosis, hearing loss, and goiter. Although impactful advances have been made in the past decade in drug treatment of cystic fibrosis using small molecule modulators of the defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel, other chloride channels and solute carrier proteins (SLCs) represent relatively underexplored target classes for drug discovery. New opportunities have emerged for the development of chloride transport modulators as potential therapeutics for secretory diarrheas, constipation, dry eye disorders, kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease, hypertension, and osteoporosis. Approaches to chloride transport-targeted drug discovery are reviewed herein, with focus on chloride channel and exchanger classes in which recent preclinical advances have been made in the identification of small molecule modulators and in proof of concept testing in experimental animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Verkman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Luis J V Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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24
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Laselva O, Guerra L, Castellani S, Favia M, Di Gioia S, Conese M. Small-molecule drugs for cystic fibrosis: Where are we now? Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2021; 72:102098. [PMID: 34793977 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is due to the lack/dysfunction of the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR), a chloride channel expressed by epithelial cells as the main regulator of ion and fluid homeostasis. More than 2000 genetic variation in the CFTR gene are known, among which those with identified pathomechanism have been divided into six VI mutation classes. A major advancement in the pharmacotherapy of CF has been the development of small-molecule drugs hitting the root of the disease, i.e. the altered ion and fluid transport through the airway epithelium. These drugs, called CFTR modulators, have been advanced to the clinics to treat nearly 90% of CF patients, including the CFTR potentiator ivacaftor, approved for residual function mutations (Classes III and IV), and combinations of correctors (lumacaftor, tezacaftor, elexacaftor) and ivacaftor for patients bearing at least one the F508del mutation, the most frequent mutation belonging to class II. To cover the 10% of CF patients without etiological therapies, other novel small-molecule CFTR modulators are in evaluation of their effectiveness in all the CFTR mutation classes: read-through agents for Class I, correctors, potentiators and amplifiers from different companies for Class II-V, stabilizers for Class VI. In alternative, other solute carriers, such as SLC26A9 and SLC6A14, are the focus of intensive investigation. Finally, other molecular targets are being evaluated for patients with no approved CFTR modulator therapy or as means of enhancing CFTR modulatory therapy, including small molecules forming ion channels, inhibitors of the ENaC sodium channel and potentiators of the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A. This paper aims to give an up-to-date overview of old and novel CFTR modulators as well as of novel strategies based on small-molecule drugs. Further investigations in in-vivo and cell-based models as well as carrying out large prospective studies will be required to determine if novel CFTR modulators, stabilizers, amplifiers, and the ENaC inhibitors or TMEM16A potentiators will further improve the clinical outcomes in CF management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Laselva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guerra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Castellani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Favia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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25
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Hanssens LS, Duchateau J, Casimir GJ. CFTR Protein: Not Just a Chloride Channel? Cells 2021; 10:2844. [PMID: 34831067 PMCID: PMC8616376 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in a gene encoding a protein called Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR). The CFTR protein is known to acts as a chloride (Cl-) channel expressed in the exocrine glands of several body systems where it also regulates other ion channels, including the epithelial sodium (Na+) channel (ENaC) that plays a key role in salt absorption. This function is crucial to the osmotic balance of the mucus and its viscosity. However, the pathophysiology of CF is more challenging than a mere dysregulation of epithelial ion transport, mainly resulting in impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) with consecutive bronchiectasis and in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. This review shows that the CFTR protein is not just a chloride channel. For a long time, research in CF has focused on abnormal Cl- and Na+ transport. Yet, the CFTR protein also regulates numerous other pathways, such as the transport of HCO3-, glutathione and thiocyanate, immune cells, and the metabolism of lipids. It influences the pH homeostasis of airway surface liquid and thus the MCC as well as innate immunity leading to chronic infection and inflammation, all of which are considered as key pathophysiological characteristics of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence S. Hanssens
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jean Duchateau
- Laboratoire Académique de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Georges J. Casimir
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels, Belgium;
- Laboratoire Académique de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels, Belgium;
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26
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Bai W, Liu M, Xiao Q. The diverse roles of TMEM16A Ca 2+-activated Cl - channels in inflammation. J Adv Res 2021; 33:53-68. [PMID: 34603778 PMCID: PMC8463915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) Ca2+-activated Cl- channels have diverse physiological functions, such as epithelial secretion of Cl- and fluid and sensation of pain. Recent studies have demonstrated that TMEM16A contributes to the pathogenesis of infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. However, the role of TMEM16A in inflammation has not been clearly elucidated. Aim of review In this review, we aimed to provide comprehensive information regarding the roles of TMEM16A in inflammation by summarizing the mechanisms underlying TMEM16A expression and activation under inflammatory conditions, in addition to exploring the diverse inflammatory signaling pathways activated by TMEM16A. This review attempts to develop the idea that TMEM16A plays a diverse role in inflammatory processes and contributes to inflammatory diseases in a cellular environment-dependent manner. Key scientific concepts of review Multiple inflammatory mediators, including cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-6), histamine, bradykinin, and ATP/UTP, as well as bacterial and viral infections, promote TMEM16A expression and/or activity under inflammatory conditions. In addition, TMEM16A activates diverse inflammatory signaling pathways, including the IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the ERK signaling pathway, and contributes to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. These diseases include airway inflammatory diseases, lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, acute pancreatitis, and steatohepatitis. TMEM16A also plays multiple roles in inflammatory processes by increasing vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion, promoting inflammatory cytokine release, and sensing inflammation-induced pain. Furthermore, TMEM16A plays its diverse pathological roles in different inflammatory diseases depending on the disease severity, proliferating status of the cells, and its interacting partners. We herein propose cellular environment-dependent mechanisms that explain the diverse roles of TMEM16A in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qinghuan Xiao
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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27
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Abstract
TMEM16A Ca2+-activated chloride channels are involved in multiple cellular functions and are proposed targets for diseases such as hypertension, stroke, and cystic fibrosis. This therapeutic endeavor, however, suffers from paucity of selective and potent modulators. Here, exploiting a synthetic small molecule with a biphasic effect on the TMEM16A channel, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (A9C), we shed light on sites of the channel amenable for pharmacological intervention. Mutant channels with the intracellular gate constitutively open were generated. These channels were entirely insensitive to extracellular A9C when intracellular Ca2+ was omitted. However, when physiological Ca2+ levels were reestablished, the mutants regained sensitivity to A9C. Thus, intracellular Ca2+ is mandatory for the channel response to an extracellular modulator. The underlying mechanism is a conformational change in the outer pore that enables A9C to enter the pore to reach its binding site. The explanation of this structural rearrangement highlights a critical site for pharmacological intervention and reveals an aspect of Ca2+ gating in the TMEM16A channel.
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28
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Pinto MC, Silva IAL, Figueira MF, Amaral MD, Lopes-Pacheco M. Pharmacological Modulation of Ion Channels for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:693-723. [PMID: 34326672 PMCID: PMC8316759 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s255377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening monogenic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an anion channel that transports chloride and bicarbonate across epithelia. Despite clinical progress in delaying disease progression with symptomatic therapies, these individuals still develop various chronic complications in lungs and other organs, which significantly restricts their life expectancy and quality of life. The development of high-throughput assays to screen drug-like compound libraries have enabled the discovery of highly effective CFTR modulator therapies. These novel therapies target the primary defect underlying CF and are now approved for clinical use for individuals with specific CF genotypes. However, the clinically approved modulators only partially reverse CFTR dysfunction and there is still a considerable number of individuals with CF carrying rare CFTR mutations who remain without any effective CFTR modulator therapy. Accordingly, additional efforts have been pursued to identify novel and more potent CFTR modulators that may benefit a larger CF population. The use of ex vivo individual-derived specimens has also become a powerful tool to evaluate novel drugs and predict their effectiveness in a personalized medicine approach. In addition to CFTR modulators, pro-drugs aiming at modulating alternative ion channels/transporters are under development to compensate for the lack of CFTR function. These therapies may restore normal mucociliary clearance through a mutation-agnostic approach (ie, independent of CFTR mutation) and include inhibitors of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), modulators of the calcium-activated channel transmembrane 16A (TMEM16, or anoctamin 1) or of the solute carrier family 26A member 9 (SLC26A9), and anionophores. The present review focuses on recent progress and challenges for the development of ion channel/transporter-modulating drugs for the treatment of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena C Pinto
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Iris A L Silva
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miriam F Figueira
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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29
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Mucus Release and Airway Constriction by TMEM16A May Worsen Pathology in Inflammatory Lung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157852. [PMID: 34360618 PMCID: PMC8346050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the Ca2+ activated Cl− channel TMEM16A is proposed as a treatment in inflammatory airway disease. It is assumed that activation of TMEM16A will induce electrolyte secretion, and thus reduce airway mucus plugging and improve mucociliary clearance. A benefit of activation of TMEM16A was shown in vitro and in studies in sheep, but others reported an increase in mucus production and airway contraction by activation of TMEM16A. We analyzed expression of TMEM16A in healthy and inflamed human and mouse airways and examined the consequences of activation or inhibition of TMEM16A in asthmatic mice. TMEM16A was found to be upregulated in the lungs of patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis, as well as in the airways of asthmatic mice. Activation or potentiation of TMEM16A by the compounds Eact or brevenal, respectively, induced acute mucus release from airway goblet cells and induced bronchoconstriction in mice in vivo. In contrast, niclosamide, an inhibitor of TMEM16A, blocked mucus production and mucus secretion in vivo and in vitro. Treatment of airway epithelial cells with niclosamide strongly inhibited expression of the essential transcription factor of Th2-dependent inflammation and goblet cell differentiation, SAM pointed domain-containing ETS-like factor (SPDEF). Activation of TMEM16A in people with inflammatory airway diseases is likely to induce mucus secretion along with airway constriction. In contrast, inhibitors of TMEM16A may suppress pulmonary Th2 inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, mucus production, and bronchoconstriction, partially by inhibiting expression of SPDEF.
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30
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Emerging Modulators of TMEM16A and Their Therapeutic Potential. J Membr Biol 2021; 254:353-365. [PMID: 34263350 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-021-00188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) are widespread chloride channels which rely on calcium activation to perform their functions. In 2008, TMEM16A (also known as anoctamin1, ANO1) was identified as the molecular basis of the CaCCs, which provided the possibility to study the physiological function of CaCCs. TMEM16A is widely expressed in various cells and controls basic physiological functions, including neuronal and cardiac excitability, nerve transduction, smooth muscle contraction, epithelial Cl- secretion and fertilization. However, the abnormal function of TMEM16A may cause a variety of diseases, including asthma, gastrointestinal motility disorder and various cancers. Therefore, TMEM16A is a putative drug target for many diseases, and it is important to determine specific and efficient modulators of TMEM16A channel. In recent years, we and others have screened several natural modulators of TMEM16A against cancers and gastrointestinal motility dysfunction. This article reviews the screening methods, efficacy of TMEM16A modulators and pharmacological effects of TMEM16A modulators on different diseases. GRAPHIC ABSTACT.
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31
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Patent highlights February-March 2021. Pharm Pat Anal 2021; 10:183-190. [PMID: 34229448 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2021-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.
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32
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Yimnual C, Satitsri S, Ningsih BNS, Rukachaisirikul V, Muanprasat C. A fungus-derived purpactin A as an inhibitor of TMEM16A chloride channels and mucin secretion in airway epithelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111583. [PMID: 33901875 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A is a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel involved in mucus secretion in inflamed airways and proposed as a drug target for diseases associated with mucus hypersecretion including asthma. This study aimed to identify novel inhibitors of TMEM16A-mediated Cl- secretion in airway epithelial cells from a collection of compounds isolated from fungi indigenous in Thailand and examine its potential utility in mitigating airway mucus secretion using Calu-3 cells as a study model. Screening of > 400 fungal metabolites revealed purpactin A isolated from a soil-derived fungus Penicillium aculeatum PSU-RSPG105 as an inhibitor of TMEM16A-mediated Cl- transport with an IC50 value of ~2 µM. A consistent inhibitory effect of purpactin A on TMEM16A were observed regardless of TMEM16A activators or in the presence of an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), a negative regulator of TMEM16A. In addition, purpactin A did not affect cell viability, epithelial barrier integrity and activities of membrane transport proteins essential for maintaining airway hydration including CFTR Cl- channels and apical BK K+ channels. Intriguingly, purpactin A prevented a Ca2+-induced mucin release in cytokine-treated airway cells. Taken together, purpactin A represents the first class of TMEM16A inhibitor derived from fungus, which may be beneficial for the treatment of diseases associated with mucus hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantapol Yimnual
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand
| | - Saravut Satitsri
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand
| | - Baiq Nila Sari Ningsih
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand.
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Henckels KA, Fong D, Phillips JE. Development of a QPatch-Automated Electrophysiology Assay for Identifying TMEM16A Small-Molecule Inhibitors. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2021; 18:134-147. [PMID: 32319819 PMCID: PMC7268545 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2019.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-activated chloride channel, TMEM16A, is involved in airway hydration and bronchoconstriction and is a promising target for respiratory disease. Drug development efforts around channels require an electrophysiology-based assay for identifying inhibitors or activators. TMEM16A has proven to be a difficult channel to record on automated electrophysiology platforms due to its propensity for rundown. We developed an automated, whole-cell, electrophysiology assay on the QPatch-48 to evaluate small-molecule inhibitors of TMEM16A. In this assay, currents remained stable for a duration of roughly 11 min, allowing for the cumulative addition of five concentrations of compounds and resulted in reproducible IC50s. The absence of rundown was likely due to a low internal free-calcium level of 250 nM, which was high enough to produce large currents, but also maintained the voltage dependence of the channel. Current amplitude averaged 6 nA using the single-hole QPlate and the channel maintained outward rectification throughout the recording. Known TMEM16A inhibitors were tested and their IC50s aligned with those reported in the literature using manual patch-clamp. Once established, this assay was used to validate novel TMEM16A inhibitors that were identified in our high-throughput fluorescent-based assay, as well as to assist in structure–activity relationship efforts by the chemists. Overall, we demonstrate an easy to operate, reproducible, automated electrophysiology assay using the QPatch-48 for TMEM16A drug development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Henckels
- Department of Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - David Fong
- Department of Inflammation Discovery Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Jonathan E Phillips
- Department of Inflammation Discovery Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
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34
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Wang K. The Ca 2+-activated chloride channel ANO1/TMEM16A: An emerging therapeutic target for epithelium-originated diseases? Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1412-1433. [PMID: 34221860 PMCID: PMC8245819 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) or TMEM16A gene encodes a member of Ca2+ activated Cl– channels (CaCCs) that are critical for physiological functions, such as epithelial secretion, smooth muscle contraction and sensory signal transduction. The attraction and interest in ANO1/TMEM16A arise from a decade long investigations that abnormal expression or dysfunction of ANO1 is involved in many pathological phenotypes and diseases, including asthma, neuropathic pain, hypertension and cancer. However, the lack of specific modulators of ANO1 has impeded the efforts to validate ANO1 as a therapeutic target. This review focuses on the recent progress made in understanding of the pathophysiological functions of CaCC ANO1 and the current modulators used as pharmacological tools, hopefully illustrating a broad spectrum of ANO1 channelopathy and a path forward for this target validation.
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Key Words
- ANO1
- ANO1, anoctamin-1
- ASM, airway smooth muscle
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- CAMK, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
- CF, cystic fibrosis
- CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
- Ca2+-activated Cl– channels (CaCCs)
- CaCCinh-A01
- CaCCs, Ca2+ activated chloride channels
- Cancer
- Cystic fibrosis
- DRG, dorsal root ganglion
- Drug target
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ENaC, epithelial sodium channels
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- FRT, fisher rat thyroid
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumor
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- HTS, high-throughput screening
- ICC, interstitial cells of Cajal
- IPAH, idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PAR2, protease activated receptor 2
- PASMC, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
- PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
- PKD, polycystic kidney disease
- T16Ainh-A01
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TMEM16A
- VGCC, voltage gated calcium channel
- VRAC, volume regulated anion channel
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cells
- YFP, yellow fluorescent protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zongtao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Third People's Hospital, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- Corresponding authors.
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CLCA1 Regulates Airway Mucus Production and Ion Secretion Through TMEM16A. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105133. [PMID: 34066250 PMCID: PMC8151571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A, a Ca2+-activated chloride channel (CaCC), and its regulator, CLCA1, are associated with inflammatory airway disease and goblet cell metaplasia. CLCA1 is a secreted protein with protease activity that was demonstrated to enhance membrane expression of TMEM16A. Expression of CLCA1 is particularly enhanced in goblet cell metaplasia and is associated with various lung diseases. However, mice lacking expression of CLCA1 showed the same degree of mucous cell metaplasia and airway hyperreactivity as asthmatic wild-type mice. To gain more insight into the role of CLCA1, we applied secreted N-CLCA1, produced in vitro, to mice in vivo using intratracheal instillation. We observed no obvious upregulation of TMEM16A membrane expression by CLCA1 and no differences in ATP-induced short circuit currents (Iscs). However, intraluminal mucus accumulation was observed by treatment with N-CLCA1 that was not seen in control animals. The effects of N-CLCA1 were augmented in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Mucus production induced by N-CLCA1 in polarized BCi-NS1 human airway epithelial cells was dependent on TMEM16A expression. IL-13 upregulated expression of CLCA1 and enhanced mucus production, however, without enhancing purinergic activation of Isc. In contrast to polarized airway epithelial cells and mouse airways, which express very low levels of TMEM16A, nonpolarized airway cells express large amounts of TMEM16A protein and show strong CaCC. The present data show an only limited contribution of TMEM16A to airway ion secretion but suggest a significant role of both CLCA1 and TMEM16A for airway mucus secretion.
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Kunzelmann K. Getting hands on a drug for Covid-19: Inhaled and Intranasal Niclosamide. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE 2021; 4:100094. [PMID: 33870260 PMCID: PMC8041586 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053 Regensburg
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Reihill JA, Douglas LEJ, Martin SL. Modulation of Ion Transport to Restore Airway Hydration in Cystic Fibrosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030453. [PMID: 33810137 PMCID: PMC8004921 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting genetic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene which codes for the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel. Loss of Cl- secretion across the apical membrane of airway lining epithelial cells results in dehydration of the airway surface liquid (ASL) layer which impairs mucociliary clearance (MCC), and as a consequence promotes bacterial infection and inflammation of the airways. Interventions that restore airway hydration are known to improve MCC. Here we review the ion channels present at the luminal surface of airway epithelial cells that may be targeted to improve airway hydration and MCC in CF airways.
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Prediction of Functional Consequences of Missense Mutations in ANO4 Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052732. [PMID: 33800471 PMCID: PMC7962975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anoctamin (TMEM16) family of transmembrane protein consists of ten members in vertebrates, which act as Ca2+-dependent ion channels and/or Ca2+-dependent scramblases. ANO4 which is primarily expressed in the CNS and certain endocrine glands, has been associated with various neuronal disorders. Therefore, we focused our study on prioritizing missense mutations that are assumed to alter the structure and stability of ANO4 protein. We employed a wide array of evolution and structure based in silico prediction methods to identify potentially deleterious missense mutations in the ANO4 gene. Identified pathogenic mutations were then mapped to the modeled human ANO4 structure and the effects of missense mutations were studied on the atomic level using molecular dynamics simulations. Our data show that the G80A and A500T mutations significantly alter the stability of the mutant proteins, thus providing new perspective on the role of missense mutations in ANO4 gene. Results obtained in this study may help to identify disease associated mutations which affect ANO4 protein structure and function and might facilitate future functional characterization of ANO4.
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Cabrita I, Benedetto R, Wanitchakool P, Lerias J, Centeio R, Ousingsawat J, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. TMEM16A Mediates Mucus Production in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:50-58. [PMID: 33026825 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0442oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A is a Ca2+-activated chloride channel that was shown to enhance production and secretion of mucus in inflamed airways. It is, however, not clear whether TMEM16A directly supports mucus production, or whether mucin and TMEM16A are upregulated independently during inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF). We examined this question using BCi-NS1 cells, a human airway basal cell line that maintains multipotent differentiation capacity, and the two human airway epithelial cell lines, Calu-3 and CFBE. The data demonstrate that exposure of airway epithelial cells to IL-8 and IL-13, two cytokines known to be enhanced in CF and asthma, respectively, leads to an increase in mucus production. Expression of MUC5AC was fully dependent on expression of TMEM16A, as shown by siRNA knockdown of TMEM16A. In addition, different inhibitors of TMEM16A attenuated IL-13-induced mucus production. Interestingly, in CFBE cells expressing F508 delCFTR, IL-13 was unable to upregulate membrane expression of TMEM16A or Ca2+-activated whole cell currents. The regulator of TMEM16A, CLCA1, strongly augmented both Ca2+- and cAMP-activated Cl- currents in cells expressing wtCFTR but failed to augment membrane expression of TMEM16A in F508 delCFTR-expressing CFBE cells. The data confirm the functional relationship between CFTR and TMEM16A and suggest an impaired upregulation of TMEM16A by IL-13 or CLCA1 in cells expressing the most frequent CF-causing mutation F508 delCFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Cabrita
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Benedetto
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Joana Lerias
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Amphotericin B induces epithelial voltage responses in people with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:540-550. [PMID: 33309058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 10% of people with cystic fibrosis (CF) have mutations that result in little to no CFTR production and thus cannot benefit from CFTR modulators. We previously found that Amphotericin B (AmB), a small molecule that forms anion channels, restored HCO3- secretion and increased host defenses in primary cultures of CF airway epithelia. Further, AmB increased ASL pH in CFTR-null pigs, suggesting an alternative CFTR-independent approach to achieve gain-of-function. However, it remains unclear whether this approach can be effective in people. METHODS To determine whether AmB can impact physiology in people with CF, we first tested whether Fungizone, a clinically approved AmB formulation, could cause electrophysiological effects consistent with anion secretion in primary cultures of CF airway epithelia. We then evaluated the capacity of AmB to change nasal potential difference (NPD), a key clinical biomarker, in people with CF not on CFTR modulators. RESULTS AmB increased transepithelial Cl- current and hyperpolarized calculated transepithelial voltage in primary cultures of CF airway epithelia from people with two nonsense mutations. In eight people with CF not on CFTR modulators, intranasal Fungizone treatment caused a statistically significant change in NPD. This change was similar in direction and magnitude to the effect of ivacaftor in people with a G551D mutation. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the first evidence that AmB can impact a clinical biomarker in people with CF. These results encourage additional clinical studies in people with CF to determine whether small molecule anion channels can provide benefit.
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Lara-Reyna S, Holbrook J, Jarosz-Griffiths HH, Peckham D, McDermott MF. Dysregulated signalling pathways in innate immune cells with cystic fibrosis mutations. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4485-4503. [PMID: 32367193 PMCID: PMC7599191 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common life-limiting recessive genetic disorders in Caucasians, caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CF is a multi-organ disease that involves the lungs, pancreas, sweat glands, digestive and reproductive systems and several other tissues. This debilitating condition is associated with recurrent lower respiratory tract bacterial and viral infections, as well as inflammatory complications that may eventually lead to pulmonary failure. Immune cells play a crucial role in protecting the organs against opportunistic infections and also in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. Innate immune cells are generally affected by CFTR mutations in patients with CF, leading to dysregulation of several cellular signalling pathways that are in continuous use by these cells to elicit a proper immune response. There is substantial evidence to show that airway epithelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages all contribute to the pathogenesis of CF, underlying the importance of the CFTR in innate immune responses. The goal of this review is to put into context the important role of the CFTR in different innate immune cells and how CFTR dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of CF, highlighting several signalling pathways that may be dysregulated in cells with CFTR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lara-Reyna
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Jonathan Holbrook
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Heledd H Jarosz-Griffiths
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Michael F McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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Zamoyski VL, Grigoriev VV, Aksinenko AY, Bachurin SO. Modulation of Calcium-Activated Chloride Currents in Rat Neurons with New 2-Aminotiophene-3-Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2020; 494:222-226. [PMID: 33119821 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672920040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Using the patch-clamp method in the whole cell configuration, it was shown that new conjugates of 2-aminothiophene-3-carboxylic acid with adamantane derivatives exhibit the ability to modulate CaCC activity in the single Purkinje neurons of rat cerebellum. It was noted that, depending on the nature of the substitution in the thiophene fragment, the nature of the effect on CaCC varies from inhibition to potentiation of CaCC currents. The described compounds are also blockers of the NMDA receptor ifenprodile site, which may have an additional neuroprotective contribution to the spectrum of biological activity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Zamoyski
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, Russia.
| | - V V Grigoriev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, Russia
| | - A Yu Aksinenko
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, Russia
| | - S O Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, Russia
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Pearson H, Todd EJAA, Ahrends M, Hover SE, Whitehouse A, Stacey M, Lippiat JD, Wilkens L, Fieguth HG, Danov O, Hesse C, Barr JN, Mankouri J. TMEM16A/ANO1 calcium-activated chloride channel as a novel target for the treatment of human respiratory syncytial virus infection. Thorax 2020; 76:64-72. [PMID: 33109690 PMCID: PMC7803913 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a common cause of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) globally and is one of the most fatal infectious diseases for infants in developing countries. Of those infected, 25%–40% aged ≤1 year develop severe lower RTIs leading to pneumonia and bronchiolitis, with ~10% requiring hospitalisation. Evidence also suggests that HRSV infection early in life is a major cause of adult asthma. There is no HRSV vaccine, and the only clinically approved treatment is immunoprophylaxis that is expensive and only moderately effective. New anti-HRSV therapeutic strategies are therefore urgently required. Methods It is now established that viruses require cellular ion channel functionality to infect cells. Here, we infected human lung epithelial cell lines and ex vivo human lung slices with HRSV in the presence of a defined panel of chloride (Cl−) channel modulators to investigate their role during the HRSV life-cycle. Results We demonstrate the requirement for TMEM16A, a calcium-activated Cl− channel, for HRSV infection. Time-of-addition assays revealed that the TMEM16A blockers inhibit HRSV at a postentry stage of the virus life-cycle, showing activity as a postexposure prophylaxis. Another important negative-sense RNA respiratory pathogen influenza virus was also inhibited by the TMEM16A-specific inhibitor T16Ainh-A01. Discussion These findings reveal TMEM16A as an exciting target for future host-directed antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mareike Ahrends
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan D Lippiat
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Olga Danov
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christina Hesse
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hanover, Germany
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Shan W, Hu Y, Ding J, Yang X, Lou J, Du Q, Liao Q, Luo L, Xu J, Xie R. Advances in Ca 2+ modulation of gastrointestinal anion secretion and its dysregulation in digestive disorders (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:8. [PMID: 32934673 PMCID: PMC7471861 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is a critical cell signaling component in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. Cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt), as a secondary messenger, controls GI epithelial fluid and ion transport, mucus and neuropeptide secretion, as well as synaptic transmission and motility. The key roles of Ca2+ signaling in other types of secretory cell (including those in the airways and salivary glands) are well known. However, its action in GI epithelial secretion and the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained to be fully elucidated. The present review focused on the role of [Ca2+]cyt in GI epithelial anion secretion. Ca2+ signaling regulates the activities of ion channels and transporters involved in GI epithelial ion and fluid transport, including Cl- channels, Ca2+-activated K+ channels, cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator and anion/HCO3- exchangers. Previous studies by the current researchers have focused on this field over several years, providing solid evidence that Ca2+ signaling has an important role in the regulation of GI epithelial anion secretion and uncovering underlying molecular mechanisms. The present review is largely based on previous studies by the current researchers and provides an overview of the currently known molecular mechanisms of GI epithelial anion secretion with an emphasis on Ca2+-mediated ion secretion and its dysregulation in GI disorders. In addition, previous studies by the current researchers demonstrated that different regulatory mechanisms are in place for GI epithelial HCO3- and Cl- secretion. An increased understanding of the roles of Ca2+ signaling and its targets in GI anion secretion may lead to the development of novel strategies to inhibit GI diseases, including the enhancement of fluid secretion in CF and protection of the GI mucosa in ulcer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qiushi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Luo
- Department of Oncology and Geriatrics, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chishui City, Guizhou 564700, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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Ma K, Liu S, Liang H, Wang G, Wang T, Luo S, Gao K, Wang H, Liu M, Bai L, Xiao Q. Ca 2+-activated Cl - channel TMEM16A inhibition by cholesterol promotes angiogenesis in endothelial cells. J Adv Res 2020; 29:23-32. [PMID: 33842002 PMCID: PMC8020148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ca2+-activated Cl- channel TMEM16A is expressed in endothelial cells, and contributes to many diseases such as hypertension, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and pulmonary hypertension. It remains unclear whether TMEM16A regulates endothelial angiogenesis, which participates in many physiological and pathological processes. Cholesterol regulates many ion channels including TMEM16A, and high cholesterol levels contribute to endothelial dysfunction. It remains to be determined whether cholesterol regulates TMEM16A expression and function in endothelial cells. Objective This study aimed to investigate whether cholesterol regulated TMEM16A expression and function in endothelial angiogenesis. Methods Whole-cell patch clamp techniques were used to record Ca2+-activated Cl- currents in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and HEK293 cells transfected with TMEM16A-overexpressing plasmids. Western blot was used to examine the expression of TMEM16A and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in HAECs. CCK-8 assay, would healing assay, and tube formation assay were used to test endothelial cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis, respectively. Results TMEM16A mediates the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel in HAECs. Cholesterol treatment inhibited TMEM16A expression via upregulation of DNMT1 in HAECs, and the inhibitory effect of cholesterol on TMEM16A expression was blocked by 5-aza, the DNMT1 inhibitor. In addition, direct application of cholesterol inhibited TMEM16A currents in heterologous HEK293 cells with an IC50 of 0.1209 μM. Similarly, cholesterol directly inhibited TMEM16A currents in HAECs. Furthermore, TMEM16A knockdown increased in vitro tube formation, cell migration and proliferation of HAECs, and TMEM16A overexpression produced the opposite effect. Conclusion This study reveals a novel mechanism of cholesterol-mediated TMEM16A inhibition, by which cholesterol reduces TMEM16A expression via DNMT1-mediated methylation and directly inhibits channel activities. TMEM16A channel inhibition promotes endothelial cell angiogenesis.
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Key Words
- 5-aza, 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Angiogenesis
- CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit-8
- CaCCs, Ca2+-activated Cl− currents
- Cholesterol
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium
- DNMT1, DNA methyltransferase 1
- EGTA, ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid
- Endothelial cells
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HAECs, human aortic endothelial cells
- HEPES, N-2-hydroxyethil-piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid
- MβCD, methyl-β cyclodextrin
- NMDG, N-methyl-D-glucamine
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- RIPA, radio immunoprecipitation assay
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SE, standard error
- TMEM16A
- shRNAs, short hairpin RNAs
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qinghuan Xiao
- Corresponding author at: Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Editorial: Special Issue on "Therapeutic Approaches for Cystic Fibrosis". Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186657. [PMID: 32932926 PMCID: PMC7555172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Eber E, Trawinska-Bartnicka M, Sands D, Bellon G, Mellies U, Bolbás K, Quattrucci S, Mazurek H, Widmann R, Schoergenhofer C, Jilma B, Ratjen F. Aerosolized lancovutide in adolescents (≥12 years) and adults with cystic fibrosis - a randomized trial. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:61-67. [PMID: 32888826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lancovutide activates a chloride channel (TMEM-16A) other than the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator protein and could benefit CF patients. METHODS In this randomized, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial 161 patients ≥12 years with a confirmed diagnosis of CF were randomized to either placebo (saline) or active drug in 3 different dosing schemes of 2.5mg inhaled lancovutide (once daily, every other day or twice a week) for eight weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) percent predicted. Secondary endpoints included further lung function parameters (FEV1 (absolute), functional vital capacity percent predicted, forced expiratory flow percent predicted, pulse oximetry), quality of life assessment, pulmonary exacerbations, hospitalization due to pulmonary exacerbations, time to first pulmonary exacerbation, duration of anti-inflammatory, mucolytic or antibiotic treatment, and safety. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the change in FEV1 percent predicted, quality of life, other lung function parameters, pulmonary exacerbations or requirement of additional treatment between groups. Overall, the inhalation of lancovutide was safe although a higher rate of adverse events, especially related to the respiratory system, occurred as compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Lancovutide did not improve FEV1 percent predicted when compared to placebo (NCT00671736).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Eber
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Dept. of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Trawinska-Bartnicka
- Cystic Fibrosis Department, The Specialist Centre for Medical Care of Mother and Child, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Sands
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriel Bellon
- Department of Pediatrics and Cystic Fibrosis Pediatric Center, University Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Uwe Mellies
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Cystic Fibrosis Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katalin Bolbás
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaposi Mor Teaching Hospital, Mosdos, Hungary
| | - Serena Quattrucci
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Henryk Mazurek
- Department of Pneumonology and Cystic Fibrosis, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Rabka, Poland
| | | | | | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Ratjen
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Danahay H, Fox R, Lilley S, Charlton H, Adley K, Christie L, Ansari E, Ehre C, Flen A, Tuvim MJ, Dickey BF, Williams C, Beaudoin S, Collingwood SP, Gosling M. Potentiating TMEM16A does not stimulate airway mucus secretion or bronchial and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle contraction. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:464-477. [PMID: 32821878 PMCID: PMC7429354 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) TMEM16A enables chloride secretion across several transporting epithelia, including in the airways. Additional roles for TMEM16A have been proposed, which include regulating mucus production and secretion and stimulating smooth muscle contraction. The aim of the present study was to test whether the pharmacological regulation of TMEM16A channel function, could affect any of these proposed biological roles in the airways. In vitro, neither a potent and selective TMEM16A potentiator (ETX001) nor the potent TMEM16A inhibitor (Ani9) influenced either baseline mucin release or goblet cell numbers in well-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. In vivo, a TMEM16A potentiator was without effect on goblet cell emptying in an IL-13 stimulated goblet cell metaplasia model. Using freshly isolated human bronchi and pulmonary arteries, neither ETX001 or Ani9 had any effect on the contractile or relaxant responses of the tissues. In vivo, ETX001 also failed to influence either lung or cardiovascular function when delivered directly into the airways of telemetered rats. Together, these studies do not support a role for TMEM16A in the regulation of goblet cell numbers or baseline mucin release, or on the regulation of airway or pulmonary artery smooth muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Danahay
- Enterprise Therapeutics Ltd, Science Park SquareBrightonUK
| | - Roy Fox
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Sarah Lilley
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | | | - Kathryn Adley
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Lee Christie
- REPROCELL Europe Ltd, West of Scotland Science ParkGlasgowUK
| | - Ejaz Ansari
- REPROCELL Europe Ltd, West of Scotland Science ParkGlasgowUK
| | - Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung InstituteUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Alexis Flen
- Marsico Lung InstituteUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Michael J. Tuvim
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Burton F. Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | | | | | | | - Martin Gosling
- Enterprise Therapeutics Ltd, Science Park SquareBrightonUK
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
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49
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Transport properties in CFTR-/- knockout piglets suggest normal airway surface liquid pH and enhanced amiloride-sensitive Na + absorption. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1507-1519. [PMID: 32712714 PMCID: PMC7476968 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous analysis of CFTR-knockout (CFTR-/-) in piglets has provided important insights into the pathology of cystic fibrosis. However, controversies exist as to the true contribution of CFTR to the pH balance in airways and intestine. We therefore compared ion transport properties in newborn wild-type (CFTR+/+) and CFTR-knockout (CFTR-/- piglets). Tracheas of CFTR-/- piglets demonstrated typical cartilage malformations and muscle cell bundles. CFTR-/- airway epithelial cells showed enhanced lipid peroxidation, suggesting inflammation early in life. CFTR was mainly expressed in airway submucosal glands and was absent in lungs of CFTR-/- piglets, while expression of TMEM16A was uncompromised. mRNA levels for TMEM16A, TMEM16F, and αβγENaC were unchanged in CFTR-/- airways, while mRNA for SLC26A9 appeared reduced. CFTR was undetectable in epithelial cells of CFTR-/- airways and intestine. Small intestinal epithelium of CFTR-/- piglets showed mucus accumulation. Secretion of both electrolytes and mucus was activated by stimulation with prostaglandin E2 and ATP in the intestine of CFTR+/+, but not of CFTR-/- animals. pH was measured inside small bronchi using a pH microelectrode and revealed no difference between CFTR+/+ and CFTR-/- piglets. Intracellular pH in porcine airway epithelial cells revealed only a small contribution of CFTR to bicarbonate secretion, which was absent in cells from CFTR-/- piglets. In contrast to earlier reports, our data suggest a minor impact of CFTR on ASL pH. In contrast, enhanced amiloride-sensitive Na+ absorption may contribute to lung pathology in CFTR-/- piglets, along with a compromised CFTR- and TMEM16A-dependent Cl- transport.
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50
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Park JH, Ousingsawat J, Cabrita I, Bettels RE, Große-Onnebrink J, Schmalstieg C, Biskup S, Reunert J, Rust S, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K, Marquardt T. TMEM16A deficiency: a potentially fatal neonatal disease resulting from impaired chloride currents. J Med Genet 2020; 58:247-253. [PMID: 32487539 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-106978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TMEM16A is a calcium-activated chloride channel expressed in various secretory epithelia. Two siblings presented in early infancy with reduced intestinal peristalsis and recurrent episodes of haemorrhagic diarrhoea. In one of them, the episodes were characterised by hepatic pneumatosis with gas bubbles in the portal vein similar to necrotising enterocolitis of the newborn. METHODS Exome sequencing identified a homozygous truncating pathogenic variant in ANO1. Expression analysis was performed using reverse transcription PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Electrophysiological and cell biological studies were employed to characterise the effects on ion transport both in patient respiratory epithelial cells and in transfected HEK293 cells. RESULTS The identified variant led to TMEM16A dysfunction, which resulted in abolished calcium-activated Cl- currents. Secondarily, CFTR function is affected due to the close interplay between both channels without inducing cystic fibrosis (CF). CONCLUSION TMEM16A deficiency is a potentially fatal disorder caused by abolished calcium-activated Cl- currents in secretory epithelia. Secondary impairment of CFTR function did not cause a CF phenotyp, which may have implications for CF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien H Park
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | | | - Inês Cabrita
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bayern, Germany
| | - Ruth E Bettels
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Jörg Große-Onnebrink
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmalstieg
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | | | - Janine Reunert
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Stephan Rust
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bayern, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bayern, Germany
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
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