1
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Gu S, Lu F, Gao Z, Zhou Y, Xiao Y, Bao W, Wang H. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses of graphene oxide toxicity on porcine alveolar macrophages. Toxicology 2024; 509:153953. [PMID: 39265697 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a type of nanomaterial widely used in tissue engineering, photocatalysis, and biomedicine. GO has been found to produce adverse effects on a broad range of cells and tissues. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying GO toxicity still remain to be explored. In this study, using porcine alveolar macrophages as a study model, we explored the toxic effects of GO and performed genome-wide detection of genes and metabolites associated with GO exposure using RNA-seq and liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer techniques. GO exposure significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in porcine alveolar macrophages. Further, GO exposure promoted cellular inflammation by upregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12). Transcriptomic analysis of GO-exposed cells revealed 424 differentially expressed genes. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the pathways of Ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In addition, metabolic analysis identified 203 differential metabolites, and these metabolites were significantly enriched in biosynthesis of cofactors, purine metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. Integrative analyses of transcriptome and metabolome showed that OXPHOS was the most significantly enriched pathway and the involved genes were downregulated. This study revealed the toxic effects of GO on porcine alveolar macrophages and provided global insights to the metabolomic and transcriptomic alterations related to GO exposure. The results contributed to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of GO, and may further promote the detection of biomarkers for the prediction and control of GO toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshen Gu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhongcheng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yajing Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yeyi Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haifei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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2
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Ni H, Chan BKW, Ye L, Wu H, Heng H, Xu Q, Chen K, Cheung RYC, Wang H, Chan EWC, Li F, Chen S. Lowering mortality risk in CR-HvKP infection in intestinal immunohistological and microbiota restoration. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107254. [PMID: 38862069 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Gut damage during carbapenem-resistant and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-HvKP) infection is associated with a death risk. Understanding the mechanisms by which CR-HvKP causes intestinal damage and gut microbiota alteration, and the impact on immunity, is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies. This study investigated if gastrointestinal tract damage and disruption of gut microbiota induced by CR-HvKP infection undermined host immunity and facilitated multi-organ invasion of CR-HvKP; whether the therapeutic value of the rifampicin (RIF) and zidovudine (ZDV) combination was attributed to their ability to repair damages and restore host immunity was determined. A sepsis model was utilized to assess the intestinal pathological changes. Metagenomic analysis was performed to characterize the alteration of gut microbiota. The effects of the RIF and ZDV on suppressing inflammatory responses and improving immune functions and gut microbiota were evaluated by immunopathological and transcriptomic analyses. Rapid colonic damage occurred upon activation of the inflammation signaling pathways during lethal infections. Gut inflammation compromised host innate immunity and led to a significant decrease in probiotics abundance, including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Treatment with combination drugs significantly attenuated the inflammatory response, up-regulated immune cell differentiation signaling pathways, and promoted the abundance of Bifidobacterium (33.40 %). Consistently, supplementation of Bifidobacterium alone delayed the death in sepsis model. Gut inflammation and disrupted microbiota are key disease features of CR-HvKP infection but can be reversed by the RIF and ZDV drug combination. The finding that these drugs can restore host immunity through multiple mechanisms is novel and deserves further investigation of their clinical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuhang Ni
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Bill Kwan-Wai Chan
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lianwei Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Haoze Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Heng Heng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kaichao Chen
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Rex Yan-Chu Cheung
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Edward Wai-Chi Chan
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Fuyong Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Key Lab for Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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3
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Kosowska K, Korycka P, Jankowska-Snopkiewicz K, Gierałtowska J, Czajka M, Florys-Jankowska K, Dec M, Romanik-Chruścielewska A, Małecki M, Westphal K, Wszoła M, Klak M. Graphene Oxide (GO)-Based Bioink with Enhanced 3D Printability and Mechanical Properties for Tissue Engineering Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:760. [PMID: 38727354 PMCID: PMC11085087 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Currently, a major challenge in material engineering is to develop a cell-safe biomaterial with significant utility in processing technology such as 3D bioprinting. The main goal of this work was to optimize the composition of a new graphene oxide (GO)-based bioink containing additional extracellular matrix (ECM) with unique properties that may find application in 3D bioprinting of biomimetic scaffolds. The experimental work evaluated functional properties such as viscosity and complex modulus, printability, mechanical strength, elasticity, degradation and absorbability, as well as biological properties such as cytotoxicity and cell response after exposure to a biomaterial. The findings demonstrated that the inclusion of GO had no substantial impact on the rheological properties and printability, but it did enhance the mechanical properties. This enhancement is crucial for the advancement of 3D scaffolds that are resilient to deformation and promote their utilization in tissue engineering investigations. Furthermore, GO-based hydrogels exhibited much greater swelling, absorbability and degradation compared to non-GO-based bioink. Additionally, these biomaterials showed lower cytotoxicity. Due to its properties, it is recommended to use bioink containing GO for bioprinting functional tissue models with the vascular system, e.g., for testing drugs or hard tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kosowska
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (K.J.-S.); (J.G.); (M.C.); (K.F.-J.); (M.D.); (A.R.-C.); (K.W.); (M.W.)
- Polbionica Sp. z o.o., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Korycka
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (K.J.-S.); (J.G.); (M.C.); (K.F.-J.); (M.D.); (A.R.-C.); (K.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Kamila Jankowska-Snopkiewicz
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (K.J.-S.); (J.G.); (M.C.); (K.F.-J.); (M.D.); (A.R.-C.); (K.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Joanna Gierałtowska
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (K.J.-S.); (J.G.); (M.C.); (K.F.-J.); (M.D.); (A.R.-C.); (K.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Milena Czajka
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (K.J.-S.); (J.G.); (M.C.); (K.F.-J.); (M.D.); (A.R.-C.); (K.W.); (M.W.)
- Polbionica Sp. z o.o., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Florys-Jankowska
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (K.J.-S.); (J.G.); (M.C.); (K.F.-J.); (M.D.); (A.R.-C.); (K.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Magdalena Dec
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (K.J.-S.); (J.G.); (M.C.); (K.F.-J.); (M.D.); (A.R.-C.); (K.W.); (M.W.)
- Polbionica Sp. z o.o., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Romanik-Chruścielewska
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (K.J.-S.); (J.G.); (M.C.); (K.F.-J.); (M.D.); (A.R.-C.); (K.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Maciej Małecki
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Westphal
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (K.J.-S.); (J.G.); (M.C.); (K.F.-J.); (M.D.); (A.R.-C.); (K.W.); (M.W.)
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6124 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michał Wszoła
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (K.J.-S.); (J.G.); (M.C.); (K.F.-J.); (M.D.); (A.R.-C.); (K.W.); (M.W.)
- Polbionica Sp. z o.o., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
- Medispace Medical Centre, 01-044 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Klak
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (K.J.-S.); (J.G.); (M.C.); (K.F.-J.); (M.D.); (A.R.-C.); (K.W.); (M.W.)
- Polbionica Sp. z o.o., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Sun Y, Huang A, Zhao Z, Song C, Lai G. [Immunogenic and toxic effects of graphene oxide nanoparticles in mouse skeletal muscles and human red blood cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:617-626. [PMID: 38708493 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate immunogenic and toxic effects of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles in mouse skeletal muscles and in human blood in vitro. METHODS GO nanoparticles prepared using a probe sonicator were supended in deionized H2O or PBS, and particle size and surface charge of the nanoparticles were measured with dynamic light scattering (DLS). Different concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL) of GO suspension or PBS were injected at multiple sites in the gastrocnemius muscle (GN) of C57BL/6 mice, and inflammatory response and immune cell infiltrations were detected with HE and immunofluorescence staining. We also examined the effects of GO nanoparticles on human red blood cell (RBC) morphology, hemolysis and blood coagulation using scanning electron microscope (SEM), spectrophotometry, and thromboelastography (TEG). RESULTS GO nanoparticles suspended in PBS exhibited better colloidal dispersity, stability and surface charge effects than those in deionized H2O. In mouse GNs, injection of GO suspensions dose- and time-dependently resulted in sustained muscular inflammation and myofiber degeneration at the injection sites, which lasted till 8 weeks after the injection; immunofluorescence staining revealed obvious infiltration of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells around the injection sites in mouse GNs. In human RBCs, incubation with GO suspensions at 0.2, 2.0 and 20 mg/mL, but not at 0.002 or 0.02 mg/mL, caused significant alterations of cell morphology and hemolysis. TEG analysis showed significant abnormalities of blood coagulation parameters following treatment with high concentrations of GO. CONCLUSION GO nanoparticles can induce sustained inflammatory and immunological responses in mouse GNs and cause RBC hemolysis and blood coagulation impairment, suggesting its muscular toxicity and hematotoxicity at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Ailan Huang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics of First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guihua Lai
- Department of Human Anatomy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233030, China
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5
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Lin H, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Kaur J, Wick P, Pelin M, Tubaro A, Carniel FC, Tretiach M, Flahaut E, Iglesias D, Vázquez E, Cellot G, Ballerini L, Castagnola V, Benfenati F, Armirotti A, Sallustrau A, Taran F, Keck M, Bussy C, Vranic S, Kostarelos K, Connolly M, Navas JM, Mouchet F, Gauthier L, Baker J, Suarez-Merino B, Kanerva T, Prato M, Fadeel B, Bianco A. Environmental and Health Impacts of Graphene and Other Two-Dimensional Materials: A Graphene Flagship Perspective. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6038-6094. [PMID: 38350010 PMCID: PMC10906101 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted tremendous interest ever since the isolation of atomically thin sheets of graphene in 2004 due to the specific and versatile properties of these materials. However, the increasing production and use of 2D materials necessitate a thorough evaluation of the potential impact on human health and the environment. Furthermore, harmonized test protocols are needed with which to assess the safety of 2D materials. The Graphene Flagship project (2013-2023), funded by the European Commission, addressed the identification of the possible hazard of graphene-based materials as well as emerging 2D materials including transition metal dichalcogenides, hexagonal boron nitride, and others. Additionally, so-called green chemistry approaches were explored to achieve the goal of a safe and sustainable production and use of this fascinating family of nanomaterials. The present review provides a compact survey of the findings and the lessons learned in the Graphene Flagship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Lin
- CNRS,
UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, ISIS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jasreen Kaur
- Nanosafety
& Nanomedicine Laboratory, Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 177 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Wick
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pelin
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aurelia Tubaro
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT,
Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT,
UPS, 31062 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France
| | - Daniel Iglesias
- Facultad
de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto
Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Facultad
de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto
Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Giada Cellot
- International
School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Ballerini
- International
School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Castagnola
- Center
for
Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center
for
Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical
Chemistry Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Antoine Sallustrau
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Mathilde Keck
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Cyrill Bussy
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Graphene Institute, Manchester M13 9PT, United
Kingdom
| | - Sandra Vranic
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Graphene Institute, Manchester M13 9PT, United
Kingdom
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Graphene Institute, Manchester M13 9PT, United
Kingdom
| | - Mona Connolly
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología
Agraria
y Alimentaria (INIA), CSIC, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7,5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Maria Navas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología
Agraria
y Alimentaria (INIA), CSIC, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7,5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Florence Mouchet
- Laboratoire
Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Laury Gauthier
- Laboratoire
Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - James Baker
- TEMAS Solutions GmbH, 5212 Hausen, Switzerland
| | | | - Tomi Kanerva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Nanosafety
& Nanomedicine Laboratory, Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 177 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS,
UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, ISIS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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6
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Reshetnikov V, Terenin I, Shepelkova G, Yeremeev V, Kolmykov S, Nagornykh M, Kolosova E, Sokolova T, Zaborova O, Kukushkin I, Kazakova A, Kunyk D, Kirshina A, Vasileva O, Seregina K, Pateev I, Kolpakov F, Ivanov R. Untranslated Region Sequences and the Efficacy of mRNA Vaccines against Tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:888. [PMID: 38255961 PMCID: PMC10815675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have been shown to be effective in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. The amount of research on the use of mRNAs as preventive and therapeutic modalities has undergone explosive growth in the last few years. Nonetheless, the issue of the stability of mRNA molecules and their translation efficiency remains incompletely resolved. These characteristics of mRNA directly affect the expression level of a desired protein. Regulatory elements of RNA-5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs)-are responsible for translation efficiency. An optimal combination of the regulatory sequences allows mRNA to significantly increase the target protein's expression. We assessed the translation efficiency of mRNA encoding of firefly luciferase with various 5' and 3'UTRs in vitro on cell lines DC2.4 and THP1. We found that mRNAs containing 5'UTR sequences from eukaryotic genes HBB, HSPA1A, Rabb, or H4C2, or from the adenoviral leader sequence TPL, resulted in higher levels of luciferase bioluminescence 4 h after transfection of DC2.4 cells as compared with 5'UTR sequences used in vaccines mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 from Moderna and BioNTech. mRNA containing TPL as the 5'UTR also showed higher efficiency (as compared with the 5'UTR from Moderna) at generating a T-cell response in mice immunized with mRNA vaccines encoding a multiepitope antigen. By contrast, no effects of various 5'UTRs and 3'UTRs were detectable in THP1 cells, suggesting that the observed effects are cell type specific. Further analyses enabled us to identify potential cell type-specific RNA-binding proteins that differ in landing sites within mRNAs with various 5'UTRs and 3'UTRs. Taken together, our data indicate high translation efficiency of TPL as a 5'UTR, according to experiments on DC2.4 cells and C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy Reshetnikov
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ilya Terenin
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Semyon Kolmykov
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Maxim Nagornykh
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Elena Kolosova
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Tatiana Sokolova
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Olga Zaborova
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Ivan Kukushkin
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Alisa Kazakova
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kunyk
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Anna Kirshina
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Olga Vasileva
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Kristina Seregina
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Ildus Pateev
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Fedor Kolpakov
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Roman Ivanov
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
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7
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Wojciechowska O, Costabile A, Kujawska M. The gut microbiome meets nanomaterials: exposure and interplay with graphene nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6349-6364. [PMID: 38024319 PMCID: PMC10662184 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00696d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanoparticles are widely applied in many technology and science sectors, raising concerns about potential health risks. Emerging evidence suggests that graphene-based nanomaterials may interact with microorganisms, both pathogens and commensal bacteria, that dwell in the gut. This review aims to demonstrate the current state of knowledge on the interplay between graphene nanomaterials and the gut microbiome. In this study, we briefly overview nanomaterials, their usage and the characteristics of graphene-based nanoparticles. We present and discuss experimental data from in vitro studies, screening tests on small animals and rodent experiments related to exposure and the effects of graphene nanoparticles on gut microbiota. With this in mind, we highlight the reported crosstalk between graphene nanostructures, the gut microbial community and the host immune system in order to shed light on the perspective to bear on the biological interactions. The studies show that graphene-based material exposure is dosage and time-dependent, and different derivatives present various effects on host bacteria cells. Moreover, the route of graphene exposure might influence a shift in the gut microbiota composition, including the alteration of functions and diversity and abundance of specific phyla or genera. However, the mechanism of graphene-based nanomaterials' influence on gut microbiota is poorly understood. Accordingly, this review emphasises the importance of studies needed to establish the most desirable synthesis methods, types of derivatives, properties, and safety aspects mainly related to the routes of exposure and dosages of graphene-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Wojciechowska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences Rokietnicka 3 Poznan 60-806 Poland
| | - Adele Costabile
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton London SW15 4JD UK
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences Rokietnicka 3 Poznan 60-806 Poland
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8
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Chen Q, Li L, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Xue X. Graphene oxide had adverse effects on sperm motility and morphology through oxidative stress. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 92:105653. [PMID: 37487874 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a new type of graphene material, but its effects on the male reproductive system are unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of GO on human sperm in vitro. Sperms were incubated with various doses of GO (0, 10, 20, or 40 μg/mL) for different times (1, 3, or 6 h) at 37 °C, followed by analyses of the sperm motility, viability, abnormalities, and DNA fragmentations. GO exposure significantly decreased sperm motility and viability, increased sperm abnormalities, and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, GO exposure resulted in a significant reduction of sperm mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which was confirmed by the ultrastructural changes of chromatin and mitochondria caused by GO. These data revealed the adverse effects of GO on sperm. Further research showed that GO exposure led to a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sperm cells and a significant decrease in total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). In addition, western blot analysis showed that the levels of Nrf-2 and HO-1 protein expression in GO-treated sperm cells were significantly increased compared to the control. These results indicated that GO had adverse effects on human sperm through oxidative stress, which was associated with Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinyan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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9
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Pelin M, Passerino C, Rodríguez-Garraus A, Carlin M, Sosa S, Suhonen S, Vales G, Alonso B, Zurutuza A, Catalán J, Tubaro A. Role of Chemical Reduction and Formulation of Graphene Oxide on Its Cytotoxicity towards Human Epithelial Bronchial Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2189. [PMID: 37570507 PMCID: PMC10420834 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials may pose a potential risk for human health due to occupational exposure, mainly by inhalation. This study was carried out on bronchial epithelial 16HBE14o- cells to evaluate the role of chemical reduction and formulation of graphene oxide (GO) on its cytotoxic potential. To this end, the effects of GO were compared to its chemically reduced form (rGO) and its stable water dispersion (wdGO), by means of cell viability reduction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, pro-inflammatory mediators release and genotoxicity. These materials induced a concentration-dependent cell viability reduction with the following potency rank: rGO > GO >> wdGO. After 24 h exposure, rGO reduced cell viability with an EC50 of 4.8 μg/mL (eight-fold lower than that of GO) and was the most potent material in inducing ROS generation, in contrast to wdGO. Cytokines release and genotoxicity (DNA damage and micronucleus induction) appeared low for all the materials, with wdGO showing the lowest effect, especially for the former. These results suggest a key role for GO reduction in increasing GO cytotoxic potential, probably due to material structure alterations resulting from the reduction process. In contrast, GO formulated in a stable dispersion seems to be the lowest cytotoxic material, presumably due to its lower cellular internalization and damaging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pelin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Fleming 22, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.P.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Clara Passerino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Fleming 22, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.P.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Adriana Rodríguez-Garraus
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (A.R.-G.); (S.S.); (G.V.); (J.C.)
| | - Michela Carlin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Fleming 22, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.P.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Silvio Sosa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Fleming 22, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.P.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Satu Suhonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (A.R.-G.); (S.S.); (G.V.); (J.C.)
| | - Gerard Vales
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (A.R.-G.); (S.S.); (G.V.); (J.C.)
| | - Beatriz Alonso
- Graphenea S.A., Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain; (B.A.); (A.Z.)
| | - Amaia Zurutuza
- Graphenea S.A., Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain; (B.A.); (A.Z.)
| | - Julia Catalán
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (A.R.-G.); (S.S.); (G.V.); (J.C.)
- Department of Anatomy Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Aurelia Tubaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Fleming 22, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.P.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
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10
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Qu T, He S, Wu Y, Wang Y, Ni C, Wen S, Cui B, Cheng Y, Wen L. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Immunoregulatory Activity of Rice Seed-Derived Peptide PEP1 on Dendritic Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:5224. [PMID: 37446885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some food-derived bioactive peptides exhibit prominent immunoregulatory activity. We previously demonstrated that the rice-derived PEP1 peptide, GIAASPFLQSAAFQLR, has strong immunological activity. However, the mechanism of this action is still unclear. In the present study, full-length transcripts of mouse dendritic cells (DC2.4) treated with PEP1 were sequenced using the PacBio sequencing platform, and the transcriptomes were compared via RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The characteristic markers of mature DCs, the cluster of differentiation CD86, and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II), were significantly upregulated after the PEP1 treatment. The molecular docking suggested that hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions played important roles in the binding between PEP1, MHC-II, and the T-cell receptor (TCR). In addition, the PEP1 peptide increased the release of anti-inflammatory factors (interleukin-4 and interleukin-10) and decreased the release of pro-inflammatory factors (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α). Furthermore, the RNA-seq results showed the expression of genes involved in several signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB, MAPK, JAK-STAT, and TGF-β pathways, were regulated by the PEP1 treatment, and the changes confirmed the immunomodulatory effect of PEP1 on DC2.4 cells. This findings revealed that the PEP1 peptide, derived from the byproduct of rice processing, is a potential natural immunoregulatory alternative for the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingmin Qu
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Shuwen He
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Ce Ni
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Shiyu Wen
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Bo Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yunhui Cheng
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Li Wen
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
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11
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Braiki M, Nasreddine K, Benzinou A, Hymery N. Fuzzy Model for the Automatic Recognition of Human Dendritic Cells. J Imaging 2023; 9:jimaging9010013. [PMID: 36662111 PMCID: PMC9866805 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: Nowadays, foodborne illness is considered one of the most outgrowing diseases in the world, and studies show that its rate increases sharply each year. Foodborne illness is considered a public health problem which is caused by numerous factors, such as food intoxications, allergies, intolerances, etc. Mycotoxin is one of the food contaminants which is caused by various species of molds (or fungi), which, in turn, causes intoxications that can be chronic or acute. Thus, even low concentrations of Mycotoxin have a severely harmful impact on human health. It is, therefore, necessary to develop an assessment tool for evaluating their impact on the immune response. Recently, researchers have approved a new method of investigation using human dendritic cells, yet the analysis of the geometric properties of these cells is still visual. Moreover, this type of analysis is subjective, time-consuming, and difficult to perform manually. In this paper, we address the automation of this evaluation using image-processing techniques. Methods: Automatic classification approaches of microscopic dendritic cell images are developed to provide a fast and objective evaluation. The first proposed classifier is based on support vector machines (SVM) and Fisher's linear discriminant analysis (FLD) method. The FLD-SVM classifier does not provide satisfactory results due to the significant confusion between the inhibited cells on one hand, and the other two cell types (mature and immature) on the other hand. Then, another strategy was suggested to enhance dendritic cell recognition results that are emitted from microscopic images. This strategy is mainly based on fuzzy logic which allows us to consider the uncertainties and inaccuracies of the given data. Results: These proposed methods are tested on a real dataset consisting of 421 images of microscopic dendritic cells, where the fuzzy classification scheme efficiently improved the classification results by successfully classifying 96.77% of the dendritic cells. Conclusions: The fuzzy classification-based tools provide cell maturity and inhibition rates which help biologists evaluate severe health impacts caused by food contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Braiki
- ENIB, UMR CNRS 6285 LabSTICC, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Kamal Nasreddine
- ENIB, UMR CNRS 6285 LabSTICC, 29238 Brest, France
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Nolwenn Hymery
- Univ Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, 29280 Plouzané, France
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12
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Pan-cancer analysis of LncRNA XIST and its potential mechanisms in human cancers. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10786. [PMID: 36212008 PMCID: PMC9535293 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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13
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Xie YX, Ma LM, Ren RR, Tian WW, Wang T. RETRACTED: The impact of second-donor lymphocyte infusion on secondary graft failure after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation through activation of Foxp3 and regulatory T cells. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:923-930. [PMID: 35365413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). The Editor of Cytotherapy has retracted this article. The article duplicates significant parts of a paper that had already appeared in Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Volume 28, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 152.e1-152.e7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtct.2021.12.017 In accordance with Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and Elsevier's policies, the authors have been contacted. After considering the author's response, the decision has been made to retract the paper. Redundant publications overweigh the relative importance of published findings and distort the academic record of the authors. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is therefore that authors declare explicitly that the paper has not been previously published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. As such this article represents a misuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xia Xie
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liang-Ming Ma
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui-Rui Ren
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei-Wei Tian
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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14
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Svadlakova T, Holmannova D, Kolackova M, Malkova A, Krejsek J, Fiala Z. Immunotoxicity of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials, Starring Phagocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168889. [PMID: 36012161 PMCID: PMC9408998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of science, technology and medicine, carbon-based nanomaterials and nanoparticles (CNMs) are becoming attractive nanomaterials that are increasingly used. However, it is important to acknowledge the risk of nanotoxicity that comes with the widespread use of CNMs. CNMs can enter the body via inhalation, ingestion, intravenously or by any other route, spread through the bloodstream and penetrate tissues where (in both compartments) they interact with components of the immune system. Like invading pathogens, CNMs can be recognized by large numbers of receptors that are present on the surface of innate immune cells, notably monocytes and macrophages. Depending on the physicochemical properties of CNMs, i.e., shape, size, or adsorbed contamination, phagocytes try to engulf and process CNMs, which might induce pro/anti-inflammatory response or lead to modulation and disruption of basic immune activity. This review focuses on existing data on the immunotoxic potential of CNMs, particularly in professional phagocytes, as they play a central role in processing and eliminating foreign particles. The results of immunotoxic studies are also described in the context of the entry routes, impacts of contamination and means of possible elimination. Mechanisms of proinflammatory effect depending on endocytosis and intracellular distribution of CNMs are highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Svadlakova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Drahomira Holmannova
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kolackova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Malkova
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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15
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Martín-Moldes Z, Spey Q, Bhatacharya T, Kaplan DL. Silk-Elastin-Like-Protein/Graphene-Oxide Composites for Dynamic Electronic Biomaterials. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200122. [PMID: 35634798 PMCID: PMC9391278 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered silk-elastin-like-proteins (SELPs) synthesized with the combination of silk and elastin domains are bioengineered to also contain a graphene oxide (GO) binding domain. The conductivity and mechanical stability of graphene, combined with SELP-specific graphene interfaces are pursued as dynamic hybrid materials, toward biomaterial-based electronic switches. The resulting bioengineered proteins with added GO demonstrate cytocompatibility and conductivity that could be modulated by changing hydrogel size in response to temperature due to the SELP chemistry. Upon increased temperature, the gels coalesce and contract, providing sufficient condensed spacing to facilitate conductivity via the graphene domains, a feature that is lost at lower temperatures with the more expanded hydrogels. This thermally induced contraction-expansion is reversible and cyclable, providing an "on-off" conductive switch driven by temperature-driven hydrogel shape-change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Martín-Moldes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Quintin Spey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- OrganaBio LLC, 7800 SW 57th Ave, South Miami, FL 33143, USA
| | - Tiara Bhatacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- The Lakshmi Mittal and Family South Asia Institute, Harvard University, 1730 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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16
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Islam MS, Renner F, Foster K, Oderinde MS, Stefanski K, Mitra S. Enhanced aqueous dissolution of hydrophobic apixaban via direct incorporation of hydrophilic nanographene oxide. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 216:112512. [PMID: 35533561 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have directly incorporated nanographene oxide (nGO) into a hydrophobic drug for enhanced dissolution performance through an antisolvent technique. Apixaban (APX) drug composites were synthesized with nGO incorporation ranging from 0.8% to 2.0% concentration. It was observed that the nGO was successfully embedded without any changes to the original drug crystal structure or physical properties. Dissolution of the drug composites was evaluated using US Pharmacopeia Paddle Method (USP 42). The time needed to reach a 50% release (T50) reduced from 106 min to 24 min with the integration of 1.96% nGO in APX and the T80 also dropped accordingly. Alternatively, dissolution rate showed promising performance with increase in nGO concentration. Initial dissolution rate increased dramatically from 74 µg/min to 540 µg/min. Further, work done in intestinal media revealed T50 went from not dissolving to 79.0 min. Decreased lipophilicity or logP value and increased aqueous solubility are both accredited to hydrophilic nGO water dispersion, producing a hydrophilic channel into the drug crystal surfaces through intermolecular interaction. Additionally, physical, and chemical characterizations confirm that hydrophobic apixaban was successfully transformed into a hydrophilic composite, showing potential for this technology to improve dissolution rate of a model hydrophobic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saiful Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Faradae Renner
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA; Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Kimberly Foster
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Martins S Oderinde
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Kevin Stefanski
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Somenath Mitra
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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17
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Ghulam AN, dos Santos OAL, Hazeem L, Pizzorno Backx B, Bououdina M, Bellucci S. Graphene Oxide (GO) Materials-Applications and Toxicity on Living Organisms and Environment. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13020077. [PMID: 35735932 PMCID: PMC9224660 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based materials have attracted much attention due to their fascinating properties such as hydrophilicity, high dispersion in aqueous media, robust size, high biocompatibility, and surface functionalization ability due to the presence of functional groups and interactions with biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acid. Modified methods were developed for safe, direct, inexpensive, and eco-friendly synthesis. However, toxicity to the environment and animal health has been reported, raising concerns about their utilization. This review focuses primarily on the synthesis methods of graphene-based materials already developed and the unique properties that make them so interesting for different applications. Different applications are presented and discussed with particular emphasis on biological fields. Furthermore, antimicrobial potential and the factors that affect this activity are reviewed. Finally, questions related to toxicity to the environment and living organisms are revised by highlighting factors that may interfere with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminah N. Ghulam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (A.N.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Otávio A. L. dos Santos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Layla Hazeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (A.N.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Bianca Pizzorno Backx
- Numpex-Bio, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias 25245-390, Brazil;
| | - Mohamed Bououdina
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- Correspondence:
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18
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Uzhviyuk SV, Bochkova MS, Timganova VP, Khramtsov PV, Shardina KY, Kropaneva MD, Nechaev AI, Raev MB, Zamorina SA. Interaction of Human Dendritic Cells with Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles In Vitro. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 172:664-670. [PMID: 35353288 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of graphene oxide nanoparticles on the differentiation of human dendritic cells and uptake of nanoparticles by these cells in vitro. The objects of the study were mononuclear cells from healthy donors induced into the phenotype of dendritic cells by cytokines (IL-6 and GM-CSF). We used graphene oxide nanoparticles of different sizes functionalized with linear or branched PEG (P-GO or bP-GO) in concentrations of 5 and 25 μg/ml. It was found that graphene oxide nanoparticles did not affect the viability and percentage of dendritic cells in the culture. However, P-GO nanoparticles (25 μg/ml) suppressed the expression of CD83 on the surface of dendritic cells in cultures, thereby suppressing cell differentiation. Dendritic cells internalized P-GO nanoparticles, particles in high concentration were more actively engulfed, but the size of the particles and the type of PEG did not affect the intensity of this process. In general, P-GO nanoparticles in a concentration of 25 μg/ml can regulate differentiation of dendritic cells by suppressing their maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Uzhviyuk
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Affiliated Branch of Perm' Federal Research Center, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia.
| | - M S Bochkova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Affiliated Branch of Perm' Federal Research Center, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - V P Timganova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Affiliated Branch of Perm' Federal Research Center, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - P V Khramtsov
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Affiliated Branch of Perm' Federal Research Center, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - K Yu Shardina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Affiliated Branch of Perm' Federal Research Center, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - M D Kropaneva
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Affiliated Branch of Perm' Federal Research Center, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - A I Nechaev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Affiliated Branch of Perm' Federal Research Center, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - M B Raev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Affiliated Branch of Perm' Federal Research Center, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - S A Zamorina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Affiliated Branch of Perm' Federal Research Center, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
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19
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Ye R, Song W, Feng M, Zhou R. Potential interference of graphene nanosheets in immune response via disrupting the recognition of HLA-presented KK10 by TCR: a molecular dynamics simulation study. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:19255-19263. [PMID: 34787621 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05267e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives have emerged as a promising nanomaterial in biomedical applications. However, their impact on biosafety continues to be a concern in the field, particularly, their potential cytotoxicity to our immune system. In this study, we used all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the potential interference of graphene nanosheets in antigen presentation and recognition in immune response. For the illustrated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigen peptide KK10, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), and T cell receptor (TCR) ternary complex, we found that the graphene nanosheet could disrupt the critical protein-protein interactions between TCR and peptide-HLA and impair the antigen recognition by TCR, leaving the antigen presentation unaffected. Moreover, the hydrophobic interaction and van der Waals potential energy collectively drive the spontaneous separation of TCR from the peptide-HLA complex by graphene nanosheets. Our findings demonstrated theoretically how the graphene nanosheet could interfere with the immune response and provided useful insights for reducing the risk of graphene-based nanomaterials in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ye
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Department of Physics, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Wei Song
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Department of Physics, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Mei Feng
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Department of Physics, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Department of Physics, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, 10027, USA
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20
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Park SY, Song WC, Kim B, Oh JW, Park G. Nano-Graphene Oxide-Promoted Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells through Regulation of Phospholipase D Signaling. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102546. [PMID: 34684987 PMCID: PMC8540736 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nano-graphene oxide (Nano-GO) is an extensively studied multifunctional carbon nanomaterial with attractive applications in biomedicine and biotechnology. However, few studies have been conducted to assess the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We aimed to determine whether Nano-GO induces EMT by regulating phospholipase D (PLD) signaling in human RPE (ARPE-19) cells. The physicochemical characterization of Nano-GO was performed using a Zetasizer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. RPE cell viability assays were performed, and the migratory effects of RPE cells were evaluated. RPE cell collagen gel contraction was also determined. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were used to detect EMT-related protein expression. Phospholipase D (PLD) enzymatic activities were also measured. Nano-GO significantly enhanced the scratch-healing ability of RPE cells, indicating that the RPE cell migration ability was increased. Following Nano-GO treatment, the RPE cell penetration of the chamber was significantly promoted, suggesting that the migratory ability was strengthened. We also observed collagen gel contraction and the generation of intracellular ROS in RPE cells. The results showed that Nano-GO induced collagen gel contraction and intracellular ROS production in RPE cells. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis revealed that Nano-GO significantly regulated key molecules of EMT, including epithelial-cadherin, neural-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Interestingly, Nano-GO-induced RPE cell migration and intracellular ROS production were abrogated in PLD-knockdown RPE cells, indicating that PLD activation played a crucial role in the Nano-GO-induced RPE EMT process. We demonstrate for the first time that Nano-GO promotes RPE cell migration through PLD-mediated ROS production. We provide preliminary evidence to support the hypothesis that Nano-GO has adverse health effects related to RPE damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.Y.P.); (G.P.); Tel.: +82-51-510-3630 (S.Y.P.); +82-51-510-3740 (G.P.); Fax: +82-51-514-7065 (S.Y.P.); +82-51-518-4113 (G.P.)
| | - Woo Chang Song
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (W.C.S.); (J.-W.O.)
| | - Beomjin Kim
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Jin-Woo Oh
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (W.C.S.); (J.-W.O.)
| | - Geuntae Park
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (W.C.S.); (J.-W.O.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.P.); (G.P.); Tel.: +82-51-510-3630 (S.Y.P.); +82-51-510-3740 (G.P.); Fax: +82-51-514-7065 (S.Y.P.); +82-51-518-4113 (G.P.)
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21
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Ghiasvand Mohammadkhani L, Khoshkam M, Kompany-Zareh M, Amiri M, Ramazani A. Metabolomics approach to study in vivo toxicity of graphene oxide nanosheets. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:506-515. [PMID: 34551125 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets are widely used in different fields, the mechanism of their toxicity remains relatively unknown. NMR-based metabolomics was used to study in vivo time and dose-dependent toxicity of GO nanosheets in mice. Sixty serum samples from mice in four different time intervals including 24 and 72 h and 7 and 21 days after injection of 0-, 1-, and 10-mg/kg b.w. were analyzed based on 1 HNMR spectra of each sample and multivariate methods. In comparison with the control group, 12 changed metabolites were identified in GO nanosheet-treated mice groups. These metabolites are involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis and steroid biosynthesis pathways. It was seen that the time factor is more important than the dose factor and the groups were separated in a time direction, completely. We found that GO nanosheets has toxicity and can affect steroidal hormones. However, this study shows that after 21 days, the treated groups regardless of their GO nanosheet dose are very close to the control group. This means that in one step exposure to GO nanosheets, their toxicity diminished after 21 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Khoshkam
- Chemistry Group, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohsen Kompany-Zareh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mahdi Amiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Imam Hossein Hospital, Iranian Social Security Organization (ISSO), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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22
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Stimulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells with Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Affect Cancer Progression. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:20. [PMID: 34327598 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sole nanomaterials or nanomaterials bound to specific biomolecules have been proposed to regulate the immune system. These materials have now emerged as new tools for eliciting immune-based therapies to treat various cancers. Graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO) are the latest nanomaterials among other carbon nanotubes that have attracted wide interest among medical industry players due to their extraordinary properties, inert-state, non-toxic and stable dispersion in a various solvent. Currently, GO and rGO are utilized in various biomedical application including cancer immunotherapy. This review will highlight studies that have been carried out in elucidating the stimulation of GO and rGO on selected innate and adaptive immune cells and their effect on cancer progression to shed some insights for researchers in the development of various GO- and rGO-based immune therapies against various cancers.
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23
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Bellet P, Gasparotto M, Pressi S, Fortunato A, Scapin G, Mba M, Menna E, Filippini F. Graphene-Based Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:404. [PMID: 33562559 PMCID: PMC7914745 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Leading-edge regenerative medicine can take advantage of improved knowledge of key roles played, both in stem cell fate determination and in cell growth/differentiation, by mechano-transduction and other physicochemical stimuli from the tissue environment. This prompted advanced nanomaterials research to provide tissue engineers with next-generation scaffolds consisting of smart nanocomposites and/or hydrogels with nanofillers, where balanced combinations of specific matrices and nanomaterials can mediate and finely tune such stimuli and cues. In this review, we focus on graphene-based nanomaterials as, in addition to modulating nanotopography, elastic modulus and viscoelastic features of the scaffold, they can also regulate its conductivity. This feature is crucial to the determination and differentiation of some cell lineages and is of special interest to neural regenerative medicine. Hereafter we depict relevant properties of such nanofillers, illustrate how problems related to their eventual cytotoxicity are solved via enhanced synthesis, purification and derivatization protocols, and finally provide examples of successful applications in regenerative medicine on a number of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Bellet
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (P.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Matteo Gasparotto
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (P.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Samuel Pressi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua & INSTM, 35131 Padua, Italy; (S.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Anna Fortunato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua & INSTM, 35131 Padua, Italy; (S.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Giorgia Scapin
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Miriam Mba
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua & INSTM, 35131 Padua, Italy; (S.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Enzo Menna
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua & INSTM, 35131 Padua, Italy; (S.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Francesco Filippini
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (P.B.); (M.G.)
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