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Foster MW, Riley JM, Kaki PC, Al Soueidy A, Aligholiazadeh E, Rame JE. Metabolic Adaptation in Heart Failure and the Role of Ketone Bodies as Biomarkers. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2024:10.1007/s11897-024-00678-6. [PMID: 39242479 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-024-00678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The development and progression of heart failure is characterized by metabolic and physiologic adaptations allowing patients to cope with cardiac insufficiency. This review explores the changes in metabolism in heart failure and the potential role of biomarkers, particularly ketone bodies, in staging and prognosticating heart failure progression. RECENT FINDINGS Recent insights into myocardial metabolism shed light on the heart's response to stress, highlighting the shift towards reliance on ketone bodies as an alternative fuel source. Elevated blood ketone levels have been shown to correlate with the severity of cardiac dysfunction, emphasizing their potential as prognostic indicators. Furthermore, studies exploring therapeutic interventions targeting specific metabolic pathways offer promise for improving outcomes in heart failure. Ketones have prognostic utility in heart failure, and potentially, an avenue for therapeutic intervention. Challenges remain in deciphering the optimal balance between metabolic support and exacerbating cardiac remodeling. Future research endeavors must address these complexities to advance personalized approaches in managing heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Foster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 600, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Joshua M Riley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 600, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Praneet C Kaki
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amine Al Soueidy
- Department of Medicine, Copper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA
| | | | - J Eduardo Rame
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 600, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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2
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Liang Y, Wei S, Peng X, Feng Q, Li L, Liang D, Wu H, Zhang X, Huang C, Lin Y. Identification of differentially expressed genes, pathways, and immune infiltration in diabetes. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2024; 79:100436. [PMID: 39096856 PMCID: PMC11345339 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to perform exhaustive bioinformatic analysis by using GSE29221 micro-array maps obtained from healthy controls and Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) patients. Raw data are downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and processed by the limma package in R software to identify Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs). Gene ontology functional analysis and Kyoto Gene Encyclopedia and Genome Pathway analysis are performed to determine the biological functions and pathways of DEGs. A protein interaction network is constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software to identify key genes. Finally, immune infiltration analysis is performed using the Cibersort method. This study has implications for understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of T2DM and provides potential targets for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - ShuXiang Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Tongjiang Hospital, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - QiLing Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - LingLing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - DieFei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - HongShi Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - XiaoYun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - ChuLin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - YongQing Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
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Al Sultan A, Rattray Z, Rattray NJW. Cytotoxicity and toxicoproteomics analysis of thiazolidinedione exposure in human-derived cardiomyocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:1214-1235. [PMID: 38654465 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) (e.g. pioglitazone and rosiglitazone), known insulin sensitiser agents for type II diabetes mellitus, exhibit controversial effects on cardiac tissue. Despite consensus on their association with increased heart failure risk, limiting TZD use in diabetes management, the underlying mechanisms remain uncharacterised. Herein, we report a comprehensive in vitro investigation utilising a novel toxicoproteomics pipeline coupled with cytotoxicity assays in human adult cardiomyocytes to elucidate mechanistic insights into TZD cardiotoxicity. The cytotoxicity assay findings showed a significant loss of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production upon exposure to either TZD agents, which may underpin TZD cardiotoxicity. Our toxicoproteomics analysis revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction primarily stems from oxidative phosphorylation impairment, with distinct signalling mechanisms observed for both agents. The type of cell death differed strikingly between the two agents, with rosiglitazone exhibiting features of caspase-dependent apoptosis and pioglitazone implicating mitochondrial-mediated necroptosis, as evidenced by the protein upregulation in the phosphoglycerate mutase family 5-dynamin-related protein 1 axis. Furthermore, our analysis revealed additional mechanistic aspects of cardiotoxicity, showcasing drug specificity. The downregulation of various proteins involved in protein machinery and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum was observed in rosiglitazone-treated cells, implicating proteostasis in the rosiglitazone cardiotoxicity. Regarding pioglitazone, the findings suggested the potential activation of the interplay between the complement and coagulation systems and the disruption of the cytoskeletal architecture, which was primarily mediated through the integrin-signalling pathways responsible for pioglitazone-induced myocardial contractile failure. Collectively, this study unlocks substantial mechanistic insight into TZD cardiotoxicity, providing the rationale for future optimisation of antidiabetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Sultan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Zahra Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas J W Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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4
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Rurek M. Mitochondria in COVID-19: from cellular and molecular perspective. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1406635. [PMID: 38974521 PMCID: PMC11224649 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1406635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a closer analysis of cell functioning during β-coronavirus infection. This review will describe evidence for COVID-19 as a syndrome with a strong, albeit still underestimated, mitochondrial component. Due to the sensitivity of host mitochondria to coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV-2 affects mitochondrial signaling, modulates the immune response, modifies cellular energy metabolism, induces apoptosis and ageing, worsening COVID-19 symptoms which can sometimes be fatal. Various aberrations across human systems and tissues and their relationships with mitochondria were reported. In this review, particular attention is given to characterization of multiple alterations in gene expression pattern and mitochondrial metabolism in COVID-19; the complexity of interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial proteins is presented. The participation of mitogenome fragments in cell signaling and the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNA within membranous compartments, including mitochondria is widely discussed. As SARS-CoV-2 severely affects the quality system of mitochondria, the cellular background for aberrations in mitochondrial dynamics in COVID-19 is additionally characterized. Finally, perspectives on the mitigation of COVID-19 symptoms by affecting mitochondrial biogenesis by numerous compounds and therapeutic treatments are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Rurek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Sharma AK, Khandelwal R, Wolfrum C. Futile cycles: Emerging utility from apparent futility. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1184-1203. [PMID: 38565147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Futile cycles are biological phenomena where two opposing biochemical reactions run simultaneously, resulting in a net energy loss without appreciable productivity. Such a state was presumed to be a biological aberration and thus deemed an energy-wasting "futile" cycle. However, multiple pieces of evidence suggest that biological utilities emerge from futile cycles. A few established functions of futile cycles are to control metabolic sensitivity, modulate energy homeostasis, and drive adaptive thermogenesis. Yet, the physiological regulation, implication, and pathological relevance of most futile cycles remain poorly studied. In this review, we highlight the abundance and versatility of futile cycles and propose a classification scheme. We further discuss the energetic implications of various futile cycles and their impact on basal metabolic rate, their bona fide and tentative pathophysiological implications, and putative drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Radhika Khandelwal
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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Nicolson GL, Ferreira de Mattos G. Membrane Lipid Replacement for reconstituting mitochondrial function and moderating cancer-related fatigue, pain and other symptoms while counteracting the adverse effects of cancer cytotoxic therapy. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024; 41:199-217. [PMID: 38879842 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-related fatigue, pain, gastrointestinal and other symptoms are among the most familiar complaints in practically every type and stage of cancer, especially metastatic cancers. Such symptoms are also related to cancer oxidative stress and the damage instigated by cancer cytotoxic therapies to cellular membranes, especially mitochondrial membranes. Cancer cytotoxic therapies (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) often cause adverse symptoms and induce patients to terminate their anti-neoplastic regimens. Cancer-related fatigue, pain and other symptoms and the adverse effects of cancer cytotoxic therapies can be safely moderated with oral Membrane Lipid Replacement (MLR) glycerolphospholipids and mitochondrial cofactors, such as coenzyme Q10. MLR provides essential membrane lipids and precursors to maintain mitochondrial and other cellular membrane functions and reduces fatigue, pain, gastrointestinal, inflammation and other symptoms. In addition, patients with a variety of chronic symptoms benefit from MLR supplements, and MLR also has the ability to enhance the bioavailability of nutrients and slowly remove toxic, hydrophobic molecules from cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, 92647, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 9355, S. Laguna Beach, CA, 92652, USA.
| | - Gonzalo Ferreira de Mattos
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Department of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Zhang H, Muhetarijiang M, Chen RJ, Hu X, Han J, Zheng L, Chen T. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Roadmap for Understanding and Tackling Cardiovascular Aging. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0058. [PMID: 38739929 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular aging is a progressive remodeling process constituting a variety of cellular and molecular alterations that are closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, gaining a deeper understanding of the changes in mitochondrial function during cardiovascular aging is crucial for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac aging is accompanied by fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, metabolic changes, and infiltration of immune cells, collectively contributing to the overall remodeling of the heart. Similarly, during vascular aging, there is a profound remodeling of blood vessel structure. These remodeling present damage to endothelial cells, increased vascular stiffness, impaired formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), the development of arteriosclerosis, and chronic vascular inflammation. This review underscores the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac aging, exploring its impact on fibrosis and myocardial alterations, metabolic remodeling, immune response remodeling, as well as in vascular aging in the heart. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of mitochondria-targeted therapies in preventing cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mairedan Muhetarijiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ryan J Chen
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Gerhardt P, Begall S, Frädrich C, Renko K, Heinrich A, Köhrle J, Henning Y. Low thyroxine serves as an upstream regulator of ecophysiological adaptations in Ansell's mole-rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1329083. [PMID: 38567302 PMCID: PMC10985354 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1329083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction About 10% of all rodent species have evolved a subterranean way of life, although life in subterranean burrows is associated with harsh environmental conditions that would be lethal to most animals living above ground. Two key adaptations for survival in subterranean habitats are low resting metabolic rate (RMR) and core body temperature (Tb). However, the upstream regulation of these traits was unknown thus far. Previously, we have reported exceptionally low concentrations of the thyroid hormone (TH) thyroxine (T4), and peculiarities in TH regulating mechanisms in two African mole-rat species, the naked mole-rat and the Ansell's mole-rat. Methods In the present study, we treated Ansell's mole-rats with T4 for four weeks and analyzed treatment effects on the tissue and whole organism level with focus on metabolism and thermoregulation. Results We found RMR to be upregulated by T4 treatment but not to the extent that was expected based on serum T4 concentrations. Our data point towards an extraordinary capability of Ansell's mole-rats to effectively downregulate TH signaling at tissue level despite very high serum TH concentrations, which most likely explains the observed effects on RMR. On the other hand, body weight was decreased in T4-treated animals and Tb was upregulated by T4 treatment. Moreover, we found indications of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis potentially influencing the treatment effects. Conclusion Taken together, we provide the first experimental evidence that the low serum T4 concentrations of Ansell's mole-rats serve as an upstream regulator of low RMR and Tb. Thus, our study contributes to a better understanding of the ecophysiological evolution of the subterranean lifestyle in African mole-rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gerhardt
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Begall
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Caroline Frädrich
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kostja Renko
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Heinrich
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoshiyuki Henning
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Beiter T, Zügel M, Hudemann J, Schild M, Fragasso A, Burgstahler C, Krüger K, Mooren FC, Steinacker JM, Nieß AM. The Acute, Short-, and Long-Term Effects of Endurance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome Profiles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2881. [PMID: 38474128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are involved in skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise is fundamentally important to take full advantage of the enormous benefits that exercise training offers in disease prevention and therapy. The aim of this study was to elucidate the transcriptional signatures that distinguish the endurance-trained and untrained muscles in young adult males (24 ± 3.5 years). We characterized baseline differences as well as acute exercise-induced transcriptome responses in vastus lateralis biopsy specimens of endurance-trained athletes (ET; n = 8; VO2max, 67.2 ± 8.9 mL/min/kg) and sedentary healthy volunteers (SED; n = 8; VO2max, 40.3 ± 7.6 mL/min/kg) using microarray technology. A second cohort of SED volunteers (SED-T; n = 10) followed an 8-week endurance training program to assess expression changes of selected marker genes in the course of skeletal muscle adaptation. We deciphered differential baseline signatures that reflected major differences in the oxidative and metabolic capacity of the endurance-trained and untrained muscles. SED-T individuals in the training group displayed an up-regulation of nodal regulators of oxidative adaptation after 3 weeks of training and a significant shift toward the ET signature after 8 weeks. Transcriptome changes provoked by 1 h of intense cycling exercise only poorly overlapped with the genes that constituted the differential baseline signature of ETs and SEDs. Overall, acute exercise-induced transcriptional responses were connected to pathways of contractile, oxidative, and inflammatory stress and revealed a complex and highly regulated framework of interwoven signaling cascades to cope with exercise-provoked homeostatic challenges. While temporal transcriptional programs that were activated in SEDs and ETs were quite similar, the quantitative divergence in the acute response transcriptomes implicated divergent kinetics of gene induction and repression following an acute bout of exercise. Together, our results provide an extensive examination of the transcriptional framework that underlies skeletal muscle plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Beiter
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martina Zügel
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Hudemann
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Schild
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, University of Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany
| | - Annunziata Fragasso
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christof Burgstahler
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, University of Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany
| | - Frank C Mooren
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, 58455 Witten, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Steinacker
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas M Nieß
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Moorthy R, Bhattamisra SK, Pandey M, Mayuren J, Kow CS, Candasamy M. Mitochondria and diabetes: insights and potential therapies. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2024; 19:141-154. [PMID: 38347803 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2024.2307526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes (T2D) presents significant global health and economic challenges, contributing to complications such as stroke, cardiovascular disease, kidney dysfunction, and cancer. The current review explores the crucial role of mitochondria, essential for fuel metabolism, in diabetes-related processes. AREAS COVERED Mitochondrial deficits impact insulin-resistant skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, liver, and pancreatic β-cells, affecting glucose and lipid balance. Exercise emerges as a key factor in enhancing mitochondrial function, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial uncoupling, which generates heat instead of ATP, is discussed. We explore the intricate link between mitochondrial function and diabetes, investigating genetic interventions to mitigate diabetes-related complications. We also cover the impact of insulin deficiency on mitochondrial function, the role of exercise in addressing mitochondrial defects in insulin resistance, and the potential of mitochondrial uncoupling. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of Mitochondrial Replacement Therapies (MRT) techniques is presented. EXPERT OPINION MRTs hold promise in preventing the transmission of mitochondrial disease. However, addressing ethical, regulatory, and technical considerations is crucial. Integrating mitochondrial-based treatments requires a careful balance between innovation and safety. Ethical dimensions and regulatory aspects of MRT are examined, emphasizing collaborative efforts for the responsible advancement of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renupiriya Moorthy
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, GITAM School of Pharmacy, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Jayashree Mayuren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chia Siang Kow
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Popescu RG, Dinischiotu A, Soare T, Vlase E, Marinescu GC. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Works in Type 2 Diabetes through Unexpected Effects in Adipose Tissue, Not by Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2594. [PMID: 38473844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has emerged as a promising therapeutic intervention for age-related disorders, including type 2 diabetes. In this study, we confirmed the previously observed effects of NMN treatment on glucose uptake and investigated its underlying mechanisms in various tissues and cell lines. Through the most comprehensive proteomic analysis to date, we discovered a series of novel organ-specific effects responsible for glucose uptake as measured by the IPGTT: adipose tissue growing (suggested by increased protein synthesis and degradation and mTOR proliferation signaling upregulation). Notably, we observed the upregulation of thermogenic UCP1, promoting enhanced glucose conversion to heat in intermuscular adipose tissue while showing a surprising repressive effect on mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle and the brain. Additionally, liver and muscle cells displayed a unique response, characterized by spliceosome downregulation and concurrent upregulation of chaperones, proteasomes, and ribosomes, leading to mildly impaired and energy-inefficient protein synthesis machinery. Furthermore, our findings revealed remarkable metabolic rewiring in the brain. This involved increased production of ketone bodies, downregulation of mitochondrial OXPHOS and TCA cycle components, as well as the induction of well-known fasting-associated effects. Collectively, our data elucidate the multifaceted nature of NMN action, highlighting its organ-specific effects and their role in improving glucose uptake. These findings deepen our understanding of NMN's therapeutic potential and pave the way for novel strategies in managing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roua Gabriela Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Independent Research Association, 012416 Bucharest, Romania
- Blue Screen SRL, 012416 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodoru Soare
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ene Vlase
- Animals Facility Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Institute for Medico-Military Research and Development, 013821 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Cătălin Marinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Independent Research Association, 012416 Bucharest, Romania
- Blue Screen SRL, 012416 Bucharest, Romania
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Yu HY, Kim KK, Baek SH, Park CI, Jeon HJ, Song AR, Park HJ, Park IB, Kang JS, Kim JM, Kim TW, Jang SM, Cha JY, Kim J. Effect of YC-1102 on the Improvement of Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1437-1450. [PMID: 38392211 PMCID: PMC10887656 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major risk factors for metabolic diseases worldwide. This study examined the effects of YC-1102, an extract derived from the roots of Rosa multiflora, on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. In vivo experiments involved the oral administration of YC-1102 (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) daily to mice for eight weeks. YC-1102 was found to downregulate the expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα during adipogenesis, inhibiting adipocyte differentiation and upregulating the expression of PGC-1α for energy metabolism to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. It has been shown that daily administration of YC-1102 to mice receiving a HFD prevented an increase in body weight and the accumulation of body fat. YC-1102 administration also reduced TG, TC, and LDL cholesterol levels, as well as glucose and leptin levels, and increased adiponectin levels, thus effectively inhibiting the metabolism of lipids. YC-1102-treated mice showed significant reductions in the mRNA expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. The levels of PGC-1α involved in energy metabolism increased significantly in the YC-1102-treated mice when compared to the HFD-treated mice. According to the findings of this study, YC-1102 has a dual mechanism that reduces transcription factors that promote the differentiation of adipocytes and increases transcription factors that promote energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Young Yu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Kon Kim
- Newgen Healthcare Co., Ltd., 56 Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Hwa Baek
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho I Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jeon
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Ri Song
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Je Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Bum Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Kang
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Seoul 07335, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Newgen Healthcare Co., Ltd., 56 Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Newgen Healthcare Co., Ltd., 56 Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Min Jang
- Newgen Healthcare Co., Ltd., 56 Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Cha
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 57907, Republic of Korea
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13
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Le J, Chen Y, Yang W, Chen L, Ye J. Metabolic basis of solute carrier transporters in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:437-454. [PMID: 38322335 PMCID: PMC10840401 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Solute carriers (SLCs) constitute the largest superfamily of membrane transporter proteins. These transporters, present in various SLC families, play a vital role in energy metabolism by facilitating the transport of diverse substances, including glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides, and ions. They actively participate in the regulation of glucose metabolism at various steps, such as glucose uptake (e.g., SLC2A4/GLUT4), glucose reabsorption (e.g., SLC5A2/SGLT2), thermogenesis (e.g., SLC25A7/UCP-1), and ATP production (e.g., SLC25A4/ANT1 and SLC25A5/ANT2). The activities of these transporters contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Notably, SLC5A2 has emerged as a valid drug target for T2DM due to its role in renal glucose reabsorption, leading to groundbreaking advancements in diabetes drug discovery. Alongside SLC5A2, multiple families of SLC transporters involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis hold potential applications for T2DM therapy. SLCs also impact drug metabolism of diabetic medicines through gene polymorphisms, such as rosiglitazone (SLCO1B1/OATP1B1) and metformin (SLC22A1-3/OCT1-3 and SLC47A1, 2/MATE1, 2). By consolidating insights into the biological activities and clinical relevance of SLC transporters in T2DM, this review offers a comprehensive update on their roles in controlling glucose metabolism as potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Le
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yilong Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Research Center for Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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14
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Udompornpitak K, Bhunyakarnjanarat T, Saisorn W, Manipuntee C, Plengplang K, Sittichaitaweekul S, Jenphatanapong P, Udomkarnjananun S, Kaewduangduen W, Ariya-anandech K, Samaeng A, Insin N, Ritprajak P, Leelahavanichkul A. Polymeric Particle BAM15 Targeting Macrophages Attenuates the Severity of LPS-Induced Sepsis: A Proof of Concept for Specific Immune Cell-Targeted Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2695. [PMID: 38140036 PMCID: PMC10747619 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization requires different energy sources and metabolic processes. Therefore, cell energy interference to alter macrophage functions has been proposed as a treatment for severe inflammatory diseases, including sepsis. In this study, targeting cell energy using BAM15 (a mitochondrial uncoupling agent) in human THP-1 and mouse RAW264.7 macrophages prominently interfered with M1 but not M2 polarization. Free BAM15 (BAM15) and BAM15-loaded PLGA particles (BAM15 particles) reduced the inflammatory response of M1 macrophages and enhanced the expression of M2 signature genes with the restoration of mitochondrial activity (extracellular flux analysis) in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, BAM15 particles but not BAM15 showed specific effects on the inflammatory response of macrophages but not neutrophils, and the particles were actively captured by splenic and liver macrophages in vivo. Administration of BAM15 and BAM15 particles attenuated the severity of sepsis in LPS-induced sepsis mice. Interestingly, BAM15 particles but not BAM15 alleviated LPS-induced liver injury by reducing hepatic inflammation. Our findings substantiate the superior efficacy of macrophage-targeted therapy using a BAM15 particle-delivery system and provide further support for clinical development as a potential therapy for severe inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyarat Udompornpitak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.U.)
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research on Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thansita Bhunyakarnjanarat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.U.)
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research on Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Saisorn
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research on Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chonnavee Manipuntee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research Unit in Integrative Immuno-Microbial Biochemistry and Bioresponsive Nanomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.K.)
| | - Kittawat Plengplang
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research on Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Samarch Sittichaitaweekul
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research on Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panisa Jenphatanapong
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research on Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suwasin Udomkarnjananun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Warerat Kaewduangduen
- Research Unit in Integrative Immuno-Microbial Biochemistry and Bioresponsive Nanomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.K.)
| | - Kasirapat Ariya-anandech
- Research Unit in Integrative Immuno-Microbial Biochemistry and Bioresponsive Nanomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.K.)
| | - Amanee Samaeng
- Research Unit in Integrative Immuno-Microbial Biochemistry and Bioresponsive Nanomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.K.)
| | - Numpon Insin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research Unit in Integrative Immuno-Microbial Biochemistry and Bioresponsive Nanomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.K.)
| | - Patcharee Ritprajak
- Research Unit in Integrative Immuno-Microbial Biochemistry and Bioresponsive Nanomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.U.)
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research on Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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15
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Kang GS, Jo HJ, Lee YR, Oh T, Park HJ, Ahn GO. Sensing the oxygen and temperature in the adipose tissues - who's sensing what? Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2300-2307. [PMID: 37907745 PMCID: PMC10689767 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues, composed of various cell types, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, neurons, and immune cells, are organs that are exposed to dynamic environmental challenges. During diet-induced obesity, white adipose tissues experience hypoxia due to adipocyte hypertrophy and dysfunctional vasculature. Under these conditions, cells in white adipose tissues activate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor that activates signaling pathways involved in metabolism, angiogenesis, and survival/apoptosis to adapt to such an environment. Exposure to cold or activation of the β-adrenergic receptor (through catecholamines or chemicals) leads to heat generation, mainly in brown adipose tissues through activating uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a proton uncoupler in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. White adipose tissues can undergo a similar process under this condition, a phenomenon known as 'browning' of white adipose tissues or 'beige adipocytes'. While UCP1 expression has largely been confined to adipocytes, HIF can be expressed in many types of cells. To dissect the role of HIF in specific types of cells during diet-induced obesity, researchers have generated tissue-specific knockout (KO) mice targeting HIF pathways, and many studies have commonly revealed that intact HIF-1 signaling in adipocytes and adipose tissue macrophages exacerbates tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. In this review, we highlight some of the key findings obtained from these transgenic mice, including Ucp1 KO mice and other models targeting the HIF pathway in adipocytes, macrophages, or endothelial cells, to decipher their roles in diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Sue Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hye-Ju Jo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ye-Rim Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Taerim Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hye-Joon Park
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - G-One Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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16
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Jin H, Oh HJ, Lee BY. GABA Prevents Age-Related Sarcopenic Obesity in Mice with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity. Cells 2023; 12:2146. [PMID: 37681878 PMCID: PMC10487108 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is characterized by concurrent obesity and muscle wasting (sarcopenia) and is common in the elderly. Sarcopenic obesity has steadily increased as the aging population has grown and is an increasing public health burden. Both obesity and sarcopenia independently increase health risks of the elderly, but sarcopenic obesity has a greater effect on metabolic disease than either obesity or sarcopenia alone. The metabolic mechanisms of obesity and sarcopenia are strongly interconnected, and obesity and sarcopenia form a vicious cycle, with each pathology exacerbating the other. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity is more complex than either disease alone and remains incompletely understood, underscoring the significant unmet clinical need for effective sarcopenic obesity treatments. We aimed to determine the efficacy and underlying regulatory mechanisms of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in sarcopenic obesity in high-fat-diet-fed obese aged mice and alterations in related mechanisms to determine the potential of GABA as a therapeutic modality for sarcopenic obesity. In this study, we used young (3 months) and aged (20 months) mice to evaluate age-related sarcopenic obesity. The daily administration of GABA for 8 weeks resulted in decreased fat mass and increased muscle mass and strength in aged mice. GABA also enhanced energy expenditure in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. In addition, GABA promoted muscle synthesis and decreased muscle degradation by activating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. These findings demonstrate that GABA has potential uses in preventing age-related sarcopenic obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (H.J.); (H.-J.O.)
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17
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Serradell A, Montero D, Terova G, Rimoldi S, Makol A, Acosta F, Bajek A, Haffray P, Allal F, Torrecillas S. Functional Additives in a Selected European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Genotype: Effects on the Stress Response and Gill Antioxidant Response to Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2O 2) Treatment. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2265. [PMID: 37508043 PMCID: PMC10376812 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional ingredients have profiled as suitable candidates for reinforcing the fish antioxidant response and stress tolerance. In addition, selective breeding strategies have also demonstrated a correlation between fish growth performance and susceptibility to stressful culture conditions as a key component in species domestication processes. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the ability of a selected high-growth genotype of 300 days post-hatch European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles to use different functional additives as endogenous antioxidant capacity and stress resistance boosters when supplemented in low fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) diets. Three isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets (10% FM/6% FO) were supplemented with 200 ppm of a blend of garlic and Labiatae plant oils (PHYTO0.02), 1000 ppm of a mixture of citrus flavonoids and Asteraceae and Labiatae plant essential oils (PHYTO0.1) or 5000 ppm of galactomannan-oligosaccharides (GMOS0.5). A reference diet was void of supplementation. The fish were fed the experimental diets for 72 days and subjected to a H2O2 exposure oxidative stress challenge. The fish stress response was evaluated through measuring the circulating plasma cortisol levels and the fish gill antioxidant response by the relative gene expression analysis of nfΚβ2, il-1b, hif-1a, nd5, cyb, cox, sod, cat, gpx, tnf-1α and caspase 9. After the oxidative stress challenge, the genotype origin determined the capacity of the recovery of basal cortisol levels after an acute stress response, presenting GS fish with a better pattern of recovery. All functional diets induced a significant upregulation of cat gill gene expression levels compared to fish fed the control diet, regardless of the fish genotype. Altogether, suggesting an increased capacity of the growth selected European sea bass genotype to cope with the potential negative side-effects associated to an H2O2 bath exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Serradell
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Daniel Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Alex Makol
- Global Solution Aquaculture Unit, Delacon Biotechnik Gmbh, 4209 Engerwitzdorf, Austria
| | - Félix Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Aline Bajek
- Ecloserie Marine de Graveline Ichtus, Route des Enrochements, 59820 Gravelines, France
| | - Pierrick Haffray
- SYSAAF, French Association of Poultry and Aquaculture Breeders, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - François Allal
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Silvia Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Spain
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18
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Taneera J, Khalique A, Salima A, Mohammed AK, Sawan AS, Aneis H, Habib P, Abdrabh S, Elemam NM, Sharif-Askari NS, Abu-Gharbieh E, Saber-Ayad M, El-Huneidi W. Disrupting of family with sequence similarity 105, member A (Fam105a) deteriorates pancreatic β-cell physiology and insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023:111987. [PMID: 37311518 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of "Family with sequence similarity 105, member A" (FAM105A) in pancreatic β-cell function in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is not fully understood. To address this issue, various molecular and functional experiments were conducted on primary human islets and INS-1 cells. RNA-seq expression analysis showed that FAM105A is highly expressed in human islets and its expression is reduced in diabetic islets compared to healthy islets. FAM105A expression correlated negatively with HbA1c levels and body mass index (BMI). Co-expression analysis showed a significant correlation between FAM105A with PDX1, GCK, GLUT1 and INSR, but not the INS gene. Silencing of Fam105a impaired insulin release, content, glucose uptake, and mitochondria ATP content but did not affect cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or apoptosis levels. Silencing of Fam105a was associated with reduced Pdx1 and Glut2 expression at mRNA and protein levels. RNA-seq analysis of dysregulated genes in Fam105a-silenced cells showed an overall downregulation of gene expression in β-cells and insulin secretion pathway. Disrupting Pdx1 did not affect Fam105a expression in INS-1 cells. Overall, the results suggest that FAM105A plays an important role in pancreatic β-cells biology and may be involved in the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Taneera
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Anila Khalique
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aissaoui Salima
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mohammed Seddik Benyahia-Jijel, Jijel, Algeria
| | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Saad Sawan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamam Aneis
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter Habib
- School of Information Technology and Computer Science (ITCS), Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sham Abdrabh
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noha M Elemam
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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19
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Nogueira-Ferreira R, Santos I, Ferreira R, Fontoura D, Sousa-Mendes C, Falcão-Pires I, Lourenço A, Leite-Moreira A, Duarte IF, Moreira-Gonçalves D. Exercise training impacts skeletal muscle remodelling induced by metabolic syndrome in ZSF1 rats through metabolism regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166709. [PMID: 37030522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by a set of conditions that include obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Exercise training (EX) has been reported to improve MetS management, although the underlying metabolic adaptations that drive its benefits remain poorly understood. This work aims to characterize the molecular changes induced by EX in skeletal muscle in MetS, focusing on gastrocnemius metabolic remodelling. 1H NMR metabolomics and molecular assays were employed to assess the metabolic profile of skeletal muscle tissue from lean male ZSF1 rats (CTL), obese sedentary male ZSF1 rats (MetS-SED), and obese male ZF1 rats submitted to 4 weeks of treadmill EX (5 days/week, 60 min/day, 15 m/min) (MetS-EX). EX did not counteract the significant increase of body weight and circulating lipid profile, but had an anti-inflammatory effect and improved exercise capacity. The decreased gastrocnemius mass observed in MetS was paralleled with glycogen degradation into small glucose oligosaccharides, with the release of glucose-1-phosphate, and an increase in glucose-6-phosphate and glucose levels. Moreover, sedentary MetS animals' muscle exhibited lower AMPK expression levels and higher amino acids' metabolism such as glutamine and glutamate, compared to lean animals. In contrast, the EX group showed changes suggesting an increase in fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, EX mitigated MetS-induced fiber atrophy and fibrosis in the gastrocnemius muscle. EX had a positive effect on gastrocnemius metabolism by enhancing oxidative metabolism and, consequently, reducing susceptibility to fatigue. These findings reinforce the importance of prescribing EX programs to patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês Santos
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dulce Fontoura
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Sousa-Mendes
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Lourenço
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Iola F Duarte
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Moreira-Gonçalves
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Olanlokun JO, Oyebode OT, Popoola D, Bodede O, Idowu TO, Moodley R, Olorunsogo OO. In vitro effects of 2-methyl-3-propylbutane-1,4-diol purified from Alstonia boonei on erythrocyte membrane stabilization and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:678-689. [PMID: 36323654 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A recent review on the ethnomedicinal, chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of Alstonia boonei revealed the plant's potential in the treatment and management of a range of diseases. However, most of these pharmacological effects are only traceable to the crude form of the plant extract and not specific natural products. Phytochemical investigation of the methanol fraction of the methanol extract of the stem-bark of Alstonia boonei led to the isolation and identification of 2-methyl-3-propylbutane-1,4-diol. The structures were elucidated by the application of 1D-, and 2D-NMR spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with literature data. In this study, the membrane stabilizing activity, mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening, cytochrome c release, mitochondrial ATPase activity, and prevention of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation activity of 2-methyl-3-propylbutane-1,4-diol (MPBD) isolated from A. boonei were determined. The results showed that MPBD significantly (p < .05) prevented peroxidation of mitochondrial membrane lipids and hemolysis using both the heat-induced and hypotonic solution-induced membrane stabilization assays. On the contrary, the compound caused large amplitude swelling of rat liver mitochondria in the absence of calcium, significant (p < .05) cytochrome c release and enhancement of mitochondrial ATPase activity in vitro. Our findings suggest that MPBD showed characteristic biological properties useful in modulating cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Oludele Olanlokun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola Titilope Oyebode
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - David Popoola
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Bodede
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Oyebode Idowu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Roshila Moodley
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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21
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Liao YC, Lim YS, Chu PW, Chen SK. Inflammatory Milieu Induces Mitochondrial Alterations and Neuronal Activations in Hypothalamic POMC Neurons in a Time-Dependent Manner. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1164-1178. [PMID: 36417103 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has been associated with numerous neurological disorders. Inflammatory environments trigger a series of cellular and physiological alterations in the brain. However, how inflammatory milieu affects neuronal physiology and how neuronal alterations progress in the inflammatory environments are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the effects of pro-inflammatory milieu on mitochondrial functions and neuronal activities in the hypothalamic POMC neurons. Treating mHypoA-POMC/GFP1 with the conditioned medium collected from LPS activated macrophage were employed to mimic the inflammatory milieu during hypothalamic inflammation. After a 24-h treatment, intracellular ROS/RNS levels were elevated, and the antioxidant enzymes were reduced. Mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial functions, including basal respiratory rate, spared respiration capacity, and maximal respiration, were all significantly compromised by inflammatory milieu. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines altered mitochondrial dynamics in a time-dependent manner, resulting in the elongation of mitochondria in POMC neurons after a 24-h treatment. Additionally, the increase of C-Fos and Pomc genes expression indicated that the neurons were activated upon the stimulation of inflammatory environment. This neuronal activation of were confirmed on the LPS-challenged mice. Collectively, a short-term to midterm exposure to inflammatory milieu stimulated metabolic switch and neuronal activation, whereas chronic exposure triggered the elevation of oxidative stress, the decrease of the mitochondrial respiration, and the alterations of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, National ChengChi University, No. 64, Sec. 2, Zhinan Rd., Wenshan District, 11605, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeou San Lim
- Institute of Neuroscience, National ChengChi University, No. 64, Sec. 2, Zhinan Rd., Wenshan District, 11605, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Chu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National ChengChi University, No. 64, Sec. 2, Zhinan Rd., Wenshan District, 11605, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Kwaun Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National ChengChi University, No. 64, Sec. 2, Zhinan Rd., Wenshan District, 11605, Taipei, Taiwan.
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22
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Jack BU, Ramharack P, Malherbe C, Gabuza K, Joubert E, Pheiffer C. Cyclopia intermedia (Honeybush) Induces Uncoupling Protein 1 and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha Expression in Obese Diabetic Female db/db Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043868. [PMID: 36835279 PMCID: PMC9964215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that a crude polyphenol-enriched fraction of Cyclopia intermedia (CPEF), a plant consumed as the herbal tea, commonly known as honeybush, reduced lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and inhibited body weight gain in obese, diabetic female leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice. In the current study, the mechanisms underlying decreased body weight gain in db/db mice were further elucidated using western blot analysis and in silico approaches. CPEF induced uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1, 3.4-fold, p < 0.05) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα, 2.6-fold, p < 0.05) expression in brown adipose tissue. In the liver, CPEF induced PPARα expression (2.2-fold, p < 0.05), which was accompanied by a 31.9% decrease in fat droplets in Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-stained liver sections (p < 0.001). Molecular docking analysis revealed that the CPEF compounds, hesperidin and neoponcirin, had the highest binding affinities for UCP1 and PPARα, respectively. This was validated with stabilising intermolecular interactions within the active sites of UCP1 and PPARα when complexed with these compounds. This study suggests that CPEF may exert its anti-obesity effects by promoting thermogenesis and fatty acid oxidation via inducing UCP1 and PPARα expression, and that hesperidin and neoponcirin may be responsible for these effects. Findings from this study could pave the way for designing target-specific anti-obesity therapeutics from C. intermedia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babalwa Unice Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-219-380336
| | - Pritika Ramharack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Christiaan Malherbe
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Kwazi Gabuza
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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23
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Marks de Chabris NC, Sabir S, Perkins G, Cheng H, Ellisman MH, Pamenter ME. Short communication: Acute hypoxia does not alter mitochondrial abundance in naked mole-rats. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 276:111343. [PMID: 36379380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia poses a significant energetic challenge and most species exhibit metabolic remodelling when exposed to prolonged hypoxia. One component of this remodelling is mitochondrial biogenesis/mitophagy, which alter mitochondrial abundance and helps to adjust metabolic throughput to match changes in energy demands in hypoxia. However, how acute hypoxia impacts mitochondrial abundance in hypoxia-tolerant species is poorly understood. To help address this gap, we exposed hypoxia-tolerant naked mole-rats to 3 h of normoxia or acute hypoxia (5% O2) and measured changes in mitochondrial abundance using two well-established markers: citrate synthase (CS) enzyme activity and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abundance. We found that neither marker changed with hypoxia in brain, liver, or kidney, suggesting that mitochondrial biogenesis is not initiated during acute hypoxia in these tissues. Conversely in skeletal muscle, the ratio of CS activity to total protein decreased 50% with hypoxia. However, this change was likely driven by an increase in soluble protein density in hypoxia because CS activity was unchanged relative to wet tissue weight and the mtDNA copy number was unchanged. To confirm this, we examined skeletal muscle mitochondria using transmission electron microscopy and found no change in mitochondrial volume density. Taken together with previous studies of mitochondrial respiratory function, our present findings suggest that naked mole-rats primarily rely on tissue-specific functional remodelling of metabolic pathways and mitochondrial respiratory throughput, and not physical changes in mitochondrial number or volume, to adjust to short-term hypoxic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soulene Sabir
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hang Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marc H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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24
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Takeda Y, Harada Y, Yoshikawa T, Dai P. Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in the Regulation of Thermogenic Brown Fats and Human Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021352. [PMID: 36674862 PMCID: PMC9861294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown fats specialize in thermogenesis by increasing the utilization of circulating blood glucose and fatty acids. Emerging evidence suggests that brown adipose tissue (BAT) prevents the incidence of obesity-associated metabolic diseases and several types of cancers in humans. Mitochondrial energy metabolism in brown/beige adipocytes regulates both uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent and -independent thermogenesis for cold adaptation and the utilization of excess nutrients and energy. Many studies on the quantification of human BAT indicate that mass and activity are inversely correlated with the body mass index (BMI) and visceral adiposity. Repression is caused by obesity-associated positive and negative factors that control adipocyte browning, de novo adipogenesis, mitochondrial energy metabolism, UCP1 expression and activity, and noradrenergic response. Systemic and local factors whose levels vary between lean and obese conditions include growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitters, and metal ions such as selenium and iron. Modulation of obesity-associated repression in human brown fats is a promising strategy to counteract obesity and related metabolic diseases through the activation of thermogenic capacity. In this review, we highlight recent advances in mitochondrial metabolism, thermogenic regulation of brown fats, and human metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimasa Takeda
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.D.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5444 (Y.T.); +81-75-251-5135 (P.D.)
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, 103-5 Tanaka-Monzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan
| | - Ping Dai
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.D.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5444 (Y.T.); +81-75-251-5135 (P.D.)
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25
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Rendell MS. Obesity and diabetes: the final frontier. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:81-94. [PMID: 36710450 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2168643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a key target in the treatment and prevention of diabetes and independently to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease. We reviewed the options now available and anticipated to deal with obesity. AREAS COVERED We considered the epidemiology, genetics, and causation of obesity and the relationship to diabetes, and the dietary, pharmaceutical, and surgical management of the condition. The literature search covered both popular media via Google Search and the academic literature as indexed on PubMed with search terms including obesity, childhood obesity, adipocytes, insulin resistance, mechanisms of satiety, bariatric surgery, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Although bariatric surgery has been the primary approach to treating obese individuals, the emergence of agents impacting the brain satiety centers now promises effective, non-invasive treatment of obesity for individuals with and without diabetes. The GLP-1 receptor agonists have assumed the primary role in treating obesity with significant weight loss. Long-term results with semaglutide and tirzepatide are now approaching the success seen with bariatric surgery. Future agents combining the benefits of satiety control and thermogenesis to dissipate caloric excess are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc S Rendell
- The Association of Diabetes Investigators, Newport Coast, CA, USA
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26
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Astorga J, Gasaly N, Dubois-Camacho K, De la Fuente M, Landskron G, Faber KN, Urra FA, Hermoso MA. The role of cholesterol and mitochondrial bioenergetics in activation of the inflammasome in IBD. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1028953. [PMID: 36466902 PMCID: PMC9716353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is characterized by a loss of intestinal barrier function caused by an aberrant interaction between the immune response and the gut microbiota. In IBD, imbalance in cholesterol homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics have been identified as essential events for activating the inflammasome-mediated response. Mitochondrial alterations, such as reduced respiratory complex activities and reduced production of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (e.g., citric acid, fumarate, isocitric acid, malate, pyruvate, and succinate) have been described in in vitro and clinical studies. Under inflammatory conditions, mitochondrial architecture in intestinal epithelial cells is dysmorphic, with cristae destruction and high dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)-dependent fission. Likewise, these alterations in mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics promote metabolic shifts towards glycolysis and down-regulation of antioxidant Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling. Although the mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial dysfunction during mucosal inflammation are not fully understood at present, metabolic intermediates and cholesterol may act as signals activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in IBD. Notably, dietary phytochemicals exhibit protective effects against cholesterol imbalance and mitochondrial function alterations to maintain gastrointestinal mucosal renewal in vitro and in vivo conditions. Here, we discuss the role of cholesterol and mitochondrial metabolism in IBD, highlighting the therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals, restoring intestinal metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Astorga
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Naschla Gasaly
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Karen Dubois-Camacho
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjorie De la Fuente
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Research, School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Glauben Landskron
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Research, School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Félix A. Urra
- Laboratory of Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela A. Hermoso
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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27
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Luo J, Shen S, Xia J, Wang J, Gu Z. Mitochondria as the Essence of Yang Qi in the Human Body. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:336-348. [PMID: 36939762 PMCID: PMC9590506 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The concept of Yang Qi in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has many similarities with mitochondria in modern medicine. Both are indispensable to human beings and closely related to life and death. This article discusses the similarities in various aspects between mitochondria and Yang Qi, including body temperature, aging, newborns, circadian rhythm, immunity, and meridian. It is well-known that Yang Qi is vital for human health. Interestingly, decreased mitochondrial function is thought to be key to the development of various diseases. Here, we further explain diseases induced by Yang Qi deficiency, such as cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome, sleep disorder, senile dementia, and metabolic diseases, from the perspective of mitochondrial function. We aim to establish similarities and connections between two important concepts, and hope our essay can stimulate further discussion and investigation on unifying important concepts in western medicine and alternative medicine, especially TCM, and provide unique holistic insights into understanding human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Shiwei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jingjing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou, 511458 China
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28
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Dai Y, Santiago-Rivera JA, Hargett S, Salamoun JM, Hoehn KL, Santos WL. Conversion of oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines to imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazines via a tandem reduction-cyclization sequence generates new mitochondrial uncouplers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 73:128912. [PMID: 35907607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report new mitochondrial uncouplers derived from the conversion of [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines to 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazines. The in situ Fe-mediated reduction of the oxadiazole fragment followed by cyclization gave access to imidazopyrazines in moderate to good yields. A selection of orthoesters also allowed functionalization on the 2-position of the imidazole ring. This method afforded a variety of imidazopyrazine derivatives with varying substitution on the 2, 5 and 6 positions. Our studies suggest that both a 2-trifluoromethyl group and N-methylation are crucial for mitochondrial uncoupling capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - José A Santiago-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Stefan Hargett
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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29
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Nikitkina E, Shapiev I, Musidray A, Krutikova A, Plemyashov K, Bogdanova S, Leibova V, Shiryaev G, Turlova J. Assessment of Semen Respiratory Activity of Domesticated Species before and after Cryopreservation: Boars, Bulls, Stallions, Reindeers and Roosters. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100513. [PMID: 36288126 PMCID: PMC9610926 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Artificial insemination is actively used in animal husbandry. It is important to know the quality of the sperm for artificial insemination. One of the indicators of sperm quality can be an assessment of energy metabolism, since energy is needed for sperm to move and fertilize the egg. We studied the respiration rate in spermatozoa of different animal species: bulls, stallions, boars, reindeer and roosters. To determine the production of energy (ATP), the substance 2.4-dinetrophenol (2.4-DNP) was used, which stopped the production of ATP. Semen was assessed before and after freezing. The evaluation showed the same response to the addition of 2.4-DNP to the semen of different species, as well as a sufficient relationship between the reaction of semen respiration to the addition of 2.4-DNP and the fertilizing ability of sperm. At the same time, no relationship was found between the respiratory rate and fertility. The 2.4-DNP test can be a suitable additional measure of sperm quality. Abstract To assess sperm quality, it is important to evaluate energy metabolism. The test substance 2.4-dinitrophenol (2.4-DNP) is an agent for destroying oxidative phosphorylation. 2.4-DNP shuts off the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from oxidation and then, the respiration rate increases. If the respiratory chain is damaged, there is little or no response to adding 2.4-DNP. The aim of this study was to analyze the respiratory activity and oxidative phosphorylation in semen before and after freezing and compare the obtained data with the fertilizing ability of sperm. There was a reduction in sperm respiration rates in all species after thawing. The respiration of spermatozoa of boars, bulls, stallions, reindeers and chicken showed responses to 2.4-dinitrophenol. The only difference is in the strength of the response to the test substance. After freezing and thawing, respiratory stimulation by 2.4-DNP decreased. The results of our study show that respiration rate is not correlated with pregnancy rates and egg fertility. However, there was a high correlation between the stimulation of respiration by 2.4-dinitrophenol and pregnancy rates. The test for an increase in respiration rate after adding 2.4-dinitrophenol could be a suitable test of the fertilizing ability of sperm.
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30
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Stamerra CA, Di Giosia P, Giorgini P, Ferri C, Sukhorukov VN, Sahebkar A. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology and Emerging Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9530007. [PMID: 35958017 PMCID: PMC9363184 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9530007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria ensure the supply of cellular energy through the production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. The alteration of this process, called mitochondrial dysfunction, leads to a reduction in ATP and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by mitochondrial/nuclear DNA mutations, or it can be secondary to pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, aging, and environmental stress. The use of therapies aimed at the prevention/correction of mitochondrial dysfunction, in the context of the specific treatment of cardiovascular diseases, is a topic of growing interest. In this context, the data are conflicting since preclinical studies are numerous, but there are no large randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Andrea Stamerra
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mazzoni Hospital, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Giosia
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mazzoni Hospital, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgini
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, Moscow 121609, Russia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Čater M, Bombek LK. Protective Role of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins against Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081473. [PMID: 36009191 PMCID: PMC9404801 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of oxidative damage to DNA and other biomolecules plays an important role in the etiology of aging and age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is especially sensitive to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from the accumulation of mtDNA damage impairs normal cellular function and leads to a bioenergetic crisis that accelerates aging and associated diseases. Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction decreases ATP production, which directly affects insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells and triggers the gradual development of the chronic metabolic dysfunction that characterizes T2D. At the same time, decreased glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle due to mitochondrial damage leads to prolonged postprandial blood glucose rise, which further worsens glucose homeostasis. ROS are not only highly reactive by-products of mitochondrial respiration capable of oxidizing DNA, proteins, and lipids but can also function as signaling and effector molecules in cell membranes mediating signal transduction and inflammation. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of various tissues can be activated by ROS to protect cells from mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial UCPs facilitate the reflux of protons from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the matrix, thereby dissipating the proton gradient required for oxidative phosphorylation. There are five known isoforms (UCP1-UCP5) of mitochondrial UCPs. UCP1 can indirectly reduce ROS formation by increasing glutathione levels, thermogenesis, and energy expenditure. In contrast, UCP2 and UCP3 regulate fatty acid metabolism and insulin secretion by beta cells and modulate insulin sensitivity. Understanding the functions of UCPs may play a critical role in developing pharmacological strategies to combat T2D. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the protective role of various UCP homologs against age-related oxidative stress in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Čater
- Correspondence: (M.Č.); (L.K.B.); Tel.: +386-2-2345-847 (L.K.B.)
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Osorio-Conles Ó, Olbeyra R, Moizé V, Ibarzabal A, Giró O, Viaplana J, Jiménez A, Vidal J, de Hollanda A. Positive Effects of a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Almonds on Female Adipose Tissue Biology in Severe Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132617. [PMID: 35807797 PMCID: PMC9267991 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that weight-loss-independent Mediterranean diet benefits on cardiometabolic health and diabetes prevention may be mediated, at least in part, through the modulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) biology. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of a dietary intervention based on the Mediterranean diet supplemented with almonds (MDSA) on the main features of obesity-associated WAT dysfunction. A total of 38 women with obesity were randomly assigned to a 3-month intervention with MDSA versus continuation of their usual dietary pattern. Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) biopsies were obtained before and after the dietary intervention, and at the end of the study period, respectively. MDSA favored the abundance of small adipocytes in WAT. In SAT, the expression of angiogenesis genes increased after MDSA intervention. In VAT, the expression of genes implicated in adipogenesis, angiogenesis, autophagy and fatty acid usage was upregulated. In addition, a higher immunofluorescence staining for PPARG, CD31+ cells and M2-like macrophages and increased ADRB1 and UCP2 protein contents were found compared to controls. Changes in WAT correlated with a significant reduction in circulating inflammatory markers and LDL-cholesterol levels. These results support a protective effect of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with almonds on obesity-related WAT dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Osorio-Conles
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Ó.O.-C.); (V.M.); (J.V.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.); (O.G.); (A.J.)
| | - Romina Olbeyra
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.); (O.G.); (A.J.)
| | - Violeta Moizé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Ó.O.-C.); (V.M.); (J.V.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.); (O.G.); (A.J.)
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainitze Ibarzabal
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Oriol Giró
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.); (O.G.); (A.J.)
| | - Judith Viaplana
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Ó.O.-C.); (V.M.); (J.V.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.); (O.G.); (A.J.)
| | - Amanda Jiménez
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.); (O.G.); (A.J.)
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Ó.O.-C.); (V.M.); (J.V.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.); (O.G.); (A.J.)
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (A.d.H.); Tel.: +34-93-227-20-12 (J.V.); +34-93-227-98-46 (A.d.H.); Fax: +34-93-227-55-89 (J.V. & A.d.H.)
| | - Ana de Hollanda
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.); (O.G.); (A.J.)
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (A.d.H.); Tel.: +34-93-227-20-12 (J.V.); +34-93-227-98-46 (A.d.H.); Fax: +34-93-227-55-89 (J.V. & A.d.H.)
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Woyames J, Souza AFP, Miranda RA, Oliveira LS, Caetano B, Andrade CBV, Fortunato RS, Atella GC, Trevenzoli IH, Souza LL, Pazos-Moura CC. Maternal high-fat diet aggravates fructose-induced mitochondrial damage in skeletal muscles and causes differentiated adaptive responses on lipid metabolism in adult male offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 104:108976. [PMID: 35245653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with metabolic disturbances in the offspring. Fructose is a highly consumed lipogenic sugar; however, it is unknown whether skeletal muscle of maternal HFD offspring respond differentially to a fructose overload. Female Wistar rats received standard diet (STD: 9% fat) or isocaloric high-fat diet (HFD: 29% fat) during 8 weeks before mating until weaning. After weaning, male offspring received STD and, from 120 to 150 days-old, they drank water or 15% fructose in water (STD-F and HFD-F). At 150th day, we collected the oxidative soleus and glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Fructose-treated groups exhibited hypertriglyceridemia, regardless of maternal diet. Soleus of maternal HFD offspring showed increased triglycerides and monounsaturated fatty acid content, independent of fructose, with increased fatty acid transporters and lipogenesis markers. The EDL exhibited unaltered triglycerides content, with an apparent equilibrium between lipogenesis and lipid oxidation markers in HFD, and higher lipid uptake (fatty acid-binding protein 4) accompanied by enhanced monounsaturated fatty acid in fructose-treated groups. Mitochondrial complexes proteins and Tfam mRNA were increased in the soleus of HFD, while uncoupling protein 3 was decreased markedly in HFD-F. In EDL, maternal HFD increased ATP synthase, while fructose decreased Tfam predominantly in STD offspring. Maternal HFD and fructose induced mitochondria ultrastructural damage, intensified in HFD-F in both muscles. Thus, alterations in molecular markers of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in response to fructose are modified by an isocaloric and moderate maternal HFD and are fiber-type specific, representing adaptation/maladaptation mechanisms associated with higher skeletal muscle fructose-induced mitochondria injury in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Woyames
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lorraine Soares Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Caetano
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Laboratory of Lipid and Lipoproteins Biochemistry, Leopoldo de Meis Medical Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isis Hara Trevenzoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luana Lopes Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bays HE, Fitch A, Christensen S, Burridge K, Tondt J. Anti-Obesity Medications and Investigational Agents: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 2:100018. [PMID: 37990711 PMCID: PMC10662004 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This "Anti-Obesity Medications and Investigational Agents: An Obesity Medicine Association Clinical Practice Statement 2022" is intended to provide clinicians an overview of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved anti-obesity medications and investigational anti-obesity agents in development. Methods The scientific information for this Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results This CPS describes pharmacokinetic principles applicable to those with obesity, and discusses the efficacy and safety of anti-obesity medications [e.g., phentermine, semaglutide, liraglutide, phentermine/topiramate, naltrexone/bupropion, and orlistat, as well as non-systemic superabsorbent oral hydrogel particles (which is technically classified as a medical device)]. Other medications discussed include setmelanotide, metreleptin, and lisdexamfetamine dimesylate. Data regarding the use of combination anti-obesity pharmacotherapy, as well as use of anti-obesity pharmacotherapy after bariatric surgery are limited; however, published data support such approaches. Finally, this CPS discusses investigational anti-obesity medications, with an emphasis on the mechanisms of action and summary of available clinical trial data regarding tirzepatide. Conclusion This "Anti-Obesity Medications and Investigational Agents: An Obesity Medicine Association Clinical Practice Statement 2022" is one of a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians in the care of patients with pre-obesity/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold E. Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
| | - Angela Fitch
- Assistant Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School, Co-Director Massachusetts General Hospital Weight Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra Christensen
- Integrative Medical Weight Management, 2611 NE 125th St, Suite 100B, Seattle, WA, 98125, USA
| | - Karli Burridge
- Enara Health, 16501 106th Court, Orland Park, IL, 60467, USA
- Gaining Health, 528 Pennsylvania Ave #708, Glen Ellyn, IL, 60137, USA
| | - Justin Tondt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, P.O. Box 1980, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
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Chenna S, Koopman WJH, Prehn JHM, Connolly NMC. Mechanisms and mathematical modelling of ROS production by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C69-C83. [PMID: 35613354 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00455.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are recognised both as damaging molecules and intracellular signalling entities. In addition to its role in ATP generation, the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) constitutes a relevant source of mitochondrial ROS, in particular during pathological conditions. Mitochondrial ROS homeostasis depends on species- and site-dependent ROS production, their bioreactivity, diffusion, and scavenging. However, our quantitative understanding of mitochondrial ROS homeostasis has thus far been hampered by technical limitations, including lack of truly site- and/or ROS-specific reporter molecules. In this context, the use of computational models is of great value to complement and interpret empirical data, as well as to predict variables that are difficult to assess experimentally. During the last decades, various mechanistic models of ETC-mediated ROS production have been developed. Although these often-complex models have generated novel insights, their parameterisation, analysis, and integration with other computational models is not straightforward. In contrast, phenomenological (sometimes termed "minimal") models use a relatively small set of equations to describe empirical relationship(s) between ROS-related and other parameters, and generally aim to explore system behaviour and generate hypotheses for experimental validation. In this review, we first discuss ETC-linked ROS homeostasis and introduce various detailed mechanistic models. Next, we present how bioenergetic parameters (e.g. NADH/NAD+ ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential) relate to site-specific ROS production within the ETC and how these relationships can be used to design minimal models of ROS homeostasis. Finally, we illustrate how minimal models have been applied to explore pathophysiological aspects of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Chenna
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Disorders (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh M C Connolly
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Mitochondria homeostasis: Biology and involvement in hepatic steatosis to NASH. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1141-1155. [PMID: 35105958 PMCID: PMC9061859 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biology and behavior are central to the physiology of liver. Multiple mitochondrial quality control mechanisms remodel mitochondrial homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction and damage induced by overnutrition lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, liver cell death, and collagen production, which advance hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Accumulating evidence suggests that specific interventions that target mitochondrial homeostasis, including energy metabolism, antioxidant effects, and mitochondrial quality control, have emerged as promising strategies for NASH treatment. However, clinical translation of these findings is challenging due to the complex and unclear mechanisms of mitochondrial homeostasis in the pathophysiology of NASH.
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Huo DL, Bao MH, Cao J, Zhao ZJ. Cold exposure prevents fat accumulation in striped hamsters refed a high-fat diet following food restriction. BMC ZOOL 2022; 7:19. [PMID: 37170304 PMCID: PMC10127302 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In mammals, body mass lost during food restriction is often rapidly regained, and fat is accumulated when ad libitum feeding is resumed. Studies in small cold-acclimated mammals have demonstrated significant mobilization of fat deposits during cold exposure to meet the energy requirements of metabolic thermogenesis. However, no studies to our knowledge have examined the effect of cold exposure on fat accumulation during body mass recovery when refed ad libitum. In this study, striped hamsters restricted to 80% of their regular food intake were then refed ad libitum and exposed to one of three conditions: Intermittent cold temperature (5 °C) for 2 h per day (ICE-2 h/d), intermittent cold temperature (5 °C) for 12 h per day (ICE-12 h/d), or persistent cold exposure (PCE) for four weeks. We measured energy intake, fat deposit mass, serum thyroid hormone levels, and uncoupling protein 1 expression in brown adipose tissue.
Results
There was no significant effect of intermittent or persistent cold exposure on body mass regain, whereas energy intake increased significantly and total fat deposit decreased in the ICE-12 h/d and PCE groups compared to the ICE-2 h/d group and control group maintained at 23 °C (CON). In the ICE-12 h/d and PCE groups, hamsters had 39.6 and 38.3% higher serum 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine levels, respectively, and 81.6 and 71.3% up-regulated expression of uncoupling protein 1, respectively, in brown adipose tissue compared to their counterparts in the CON group. The rate of mitochondrial state III and state IV respiration O2 consumption and the activity of cytochrome c oxidase in BAT and liver were significantly higher in the ICE-12 h/d and PCE groups than in the ICE-2 h/d and CON groups.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest thyroid hormone-mediated heat production in brown adipose tissue and liver may be involved in preventing fat accumulation during refeeding in animals frequently or persistently exposed to cold conditions.
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Sawicka-Gutaj N, Erampamoorthy A, Zybek-Kocik A, Kyriacou A, Zgorzalewicz-Stachowiak M, Czarnywojtek A, Ruchała M. The Role of Thyroid Hormones on Skeletal Muscle Thermogenesis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040336. [PMID: 35448523 PMCID: PMC9032586 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays obesity becomes a significant global problem. Hence, recently more and more attention has been paid to substances present in the body that have a significant impact on metabolic processes and thermogenesis, in the context of their potential use in the prevention and treatment of obesity. It is well known that the relationship between thyroid hormones and obesity is multilayered, however recently, more and more information about the possible relation between thyroid hormones and muscle metabolism has been published. The aim of this review is to present the most updated information on the physiological impact of thyroid hormones on muscle tissue, as well as pathological changes related to the occurrence of various types of thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and sick euthyroid syndrome. However, the data in humans still remains insufficient, and further studies are needed to fully explore the thyroid-muscle cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.E.); (A.Z.-K.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-607-093-970
| | - Abikasinee Erampamoorthy
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.E.); (A.Z.-K.); (M.R.)
| | - Ariadna Zybek-Kocik
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.E.); (A.Z.-K.); (M.R.)
| | - Angelos Kyriacou
- CEDM, Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Limassol 3075, Cyprus;
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Obesity Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Foundation & University Teaching Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
- Medical School, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Małgorzata Zgorzalewicz-Stachowiak
- Laboratory of Medical Electrodiagnostics, Department of Health Prophylaxis, University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Agata Czarnywojtek
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.E.); (A.Z.-K.); (M.R.)
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Mendez-Romero O, Ricardez-García C, Castañeda-Tamez P, Chiquete-Félix N, Uribe-Carvajal S. Thriving in Oxygen While Preventing ROS Overproduction: No Two Systems Are Created Equal. Front Physiol 2022; 13:874321. [PMID: 35444563 PMCID: PMC9013945 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.874321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2.5 to 2.0 billion years ago, atmospheric oxygen concentration [O2] rose thousands of times, leading to the first mass extinction. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) produced by the non-catalyzed partial reduction of O2 were highly toxic eliminating many species. Survivors developed different strategies to cope with ROS toxicity. At the same time, using O2 as the final acceptor in respiratory chains increased ATP production manifold. Thus, both O2 and ROS were strong drivers of evolution, as species optimized aerobic metabolism while developing ROS-neutralizing mechanisms. The first line of defense is preventing ROS overproduction and two mechanisms were developed in parallel: 1) Physiological uncoupling systems (PUS), which increase the rate of electron fluxes in respiratory systems. 2) Avoidance of excess [O2]. However, it seems that as avoidance efficiency improved, PUSs became less efficient. PUS includes branched respiratory chains and proton sinks, which may be proton specific, the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) or unspecific, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP). High [O2] avoidance also involved different strategies: 1) Cell association, as in biofilms or in multi-cellularity allowed gas-permeable organisms (oxyconformers) from bacterial to arthropods to exclude O2. 2) Motility, to migrate from hypoxic niches. 3) Oxyregulator organisms: as early as in fish, and O2-impermeable epithelium excluded all gases and only exact amounts entered through specialized respiratory systems. Here we follow the parallel evolution of PUS and O2-avoidance, PUS became less critical and lost efficiency. In regard, to proton sinks, there is fewer evidence on their evolution, although UCPs have indeed drifted in function while in some species it is not clear whether PTPs exist.
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Akhlaghipour I, Bina AR, Mogharrabi MR, Fanoodi A, Ebrahimian AR, Khojasteh Kaffash S, Babazadeh Baghan A, Khorashadizadeh ME, Taghehchian N, Moghbeli M. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms as important risk factors of diabetes among Middle East population. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:11. [PMID: 35366956 PMCID: PMC8976361 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that leads to the dysfunction of various tissues and organs, including eyes, kidneys, and cardiovascular system. According to the World Health Organization, diabetes prevalence is 8.8% globally among whom about 90% of cases are type 2 diabetes. There are not any significant clinical manifestations in the primary stages of diabetes. Therefore, screening can be an efficient way to reduce the diabetic complications. Over the recent decades, the prevalence of diabetes has increased alarmingly among the Middle East population, which has imposed exorbitant costs on the health care system in this region. Given that the genetic changes are among the important risk factors associated with predisposing people to diabetes, we examined the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the pathogenesis of diabetes among Middle East population. In the present review, we assessed the molecular pathology of diabetes in the Middle East population that paves the way for introducing an efficient SNP-based diagnostic panel for diabetes screening among the Middle East population. Since, the Middle East has a population of 370 million people; the current review can be a reliable model for the introduction of SNP-based diagnostic panels in other populations and countries around the world.
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Yazdanimoghaddam F, Ghasemi M, Teamparvar H, Soltani N, Aghaei M, Rezazadeh H, Zadhoush F. Long-term GABA administration improves FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions in the skeletal muscle and serum irisin levels in chronic type 2 diabetic rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:417-428. [PMID: 35106626 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the anti-diabetic effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and insulin can be mediated through the regulation of gene expression related to irisin production and mitochondrial biogenesis in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rats. Four groups (n = 6) were used in this study: control, T2DM, T2DM + insulin, and T2DM + GABA groups. After T2DM induction for 3 months (high-fat diet + 35 mg/kg streptozotocin) and treatment with GABA or insulin for 3 months, circulating levels of FBG, triglyceride, LDL, Ox-LDL, and insulin as well as hepatic and serum irisin levels were measured. The mRNA expressions of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) were also evaluated in the skeletal muscle of all groups. GABA therapy improved the FBG and insulin levels in diabetic rats. Insulin treatment significantly reduced FBG and failed to maintain glucose close to the control level. Insulin or GABA therapy significantly decreased the levels of LDL, Ox-LDL, and HOMA-IR index. Circulating irisin levels were markedly decreased in insulin-treated group, while irisin levels did not show significant changes in GABA-treated group compared with control group. GABA or insulin therapy increased mRNA expressions of TFAM and UCP3 in diabetic rats. GABA therapy also led to a significant increase in FNDC5 mRNA. Our findings suggest that the anti-diabetic effect of GABA may be mediated, in part, by a decrease in Ox-LDL levels and an increase in the levels of irisin as well as FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 gene expression in T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Yazdanimoghaddam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hanif Teamparvar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nepton Soltani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Rezazadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fouzieh Zadhoush
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Cioffi F, Giacco A, Goglia F, Silvestri E. Bioenergetic Aspects of Mitochondrial Actions of Thyroid Hormones. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060997. [PMID: 35326451 PMCID: PMC8947633 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Much is known, but there is also much more to discover, about the actions that thyroid hormones (TH) exert on metabolism. Indeed, despite the fact that thyroid hormones are recognized as one of the most important regulators of metabolic rate, much remains to be clarified on which mechanisms control/regulate these actions. Given their actions on energy metabolism and that mitochondria are the main cellular site where metabolic transformations take place, these organelles have been the subject of extensive investigations. In relatively recent times, new knowledge concerning both thyroid hormones (such as the mechanisms of action, the existence of metabolically active TH derivatives) and the mechanisms of energy transduction such as (among others) dynamics, respiratory chain organization in supercomplexes and cristes organization, have opened new pathways of investigation in the field of the control of energy metabolism and of the mechanisms of action of TH at cellular level. In this review, we highlight the knowledge and approaches about the complex relationship between TH, including some of their derivatives, and the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Li F, Jiang M, Ma M, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Cui Y, Chen J, Zhao H, Sun Z, Dong D. Anthelmintics nitazoxanide protects against experimental hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in hamsters and mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1322-1338. [PMID: 35530137 PMCID: PMC9069401 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders contribute to hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis. It is ideal to develop drugs simultaneous improving both hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis. Nitazoxanide is an FDA-approved oral antiprotozoal drug with excellent pharmacokinetic and safety profile. We found that nitazoxanide and its metabolite tizoxanide induced mild mitochondrial uncoupling and subsequently activated AMPK in HepG2 cells. Gavage administration of nitazoxanide inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)-induced increases of liver weight, blood and liver lipids, and ameliorated HFD-induced renal lipid accumulation in hamsters. Nitazoxanide significantly improved HFD-induced histopathologic changes of hamster livers. In the hamsters with pre-existing hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis, nitazoxanide also showed therapeutic effect. Gavage administration of nitazoxanide improved HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6J mice and western diet (WD)-induced hepatic steatosis in Apoe -/- mice. The present study suggests that repurposing nitazoxanide as a drug for hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis treatment is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Man Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Minghui Ma
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhijie Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Deli Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Chen W, Yang H, Yan Q, Zhou X, Tan Z, Wang Z. Effects of maternal feed intake restriction on the blood parameters, fatty acid profile and lipogenetic genes expression of perirenal fat in offspring kids. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 238:106955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Burridge K, Christensen SM, Golden A, Ingersoll AB, Tondt J, Bays HE. Obesity history, physical exam, laboratory, body composition, and energy expenditure: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 1:100007. [PMID: 37990700 PMCID: PMC10661987 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2021.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on History, Physical Exam, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure is intended to provide clinicians an overview of the clinical and diagnostic evaluation of patients with pre-obesity/obesity. Methods The scientific information for this CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results This CPS outlines important components of medical, dietary, and physical activity history as well as physical exams, with a focus on specific aspects unique to managing patients with pre-obesity or obesity. Patients with pre-obesity/obesity benefit from the same preventive care and general laboratory testing as those without an increase in body fat. In addition, patients with pre-obesity/obesity may benefit from adiposity-specific diagnostic testing - both generally and individually - according to patient presentation and clinical judgment. Body composition testing, such as dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance, and other measures, each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Some patients in clinical research, and perhaps even clinical practice, may benefit from an assessment of energy expenditure. This can be achieved by several methods including direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry, doubly labeled water, or estimated by equations. Finally, a unifying theme regarding the etiology of pre-obesity/obesity and effectiveness of treatments of obesity centers on the role of biologic and behavior efficiencies and inefficiencies, with efficiencies more often associated with increases in fat mass and inefficiencies more often associated with decreases in fat mass. Conclusion The Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on History, Physical Exam, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure is one of a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians in the care of patients with the disease of pre-obesity/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn Burridge
- Gaining Health, 528 Pennsylvania Ave #708 Glen Ellyn, IL 60137, USA
| | - Sandra M. Christensen
- Integrative Medical Weight Management, 2611 NE 125th St., Suite 100B, Seattle, WA, 98125, USA
| | - Angela Golden
- NP Obesity Treatment Clinic and NP from Home, LLC, PO Box 25959, Munds Park, AZ, 86017, USA
| | - Amy B. Ingersoll
- Enara Health, 3050 S. Delaware Street, Suite 130, San Mateo, CA, 94403, USA
| | - Justin Tondt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, P.O. Box 1980, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
| | - Harold E. Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA
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Uncoupling Proteins and Regulated Proton Leak in Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031528. [PMID: 35163451 PMCID: PMC8835771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher concentration of protons in the mitochondrial intermembrane space compared to the matrix results in an electrochemical potential causing the back flux of protons to the matrix. This proton transport can take place through ATP synthase complex (leading to formation of ATP) or can occur via proton transporters of the mitochondrial carrier superfamily and/or membrane lipids. Some mitochondrial proton transporters, such as uncoupling proteins (UCPs), transport protons as their general regulating function; while others are symporters or antiporters, which use the proton gradient as a driving force to co-transport other substrates across the mitochondrial inner membrane (such as phosphate carrier, a symporter; or aspartate/glutamate transporter, an antiporter). Passage (or leakage) of protons across the inner membrane to matrix from any route other than ATP synthase negatively impacts ATP synthesis. The focus of this review is on regulated proton transport by UCPs. Recent findings on the structure and function of UCPs, and the related research methodologies, are also critically reviewed. Due to structural similarity of members of the mitochondrial carrier superfamily, several of the known structural features are potentially expandable to all members. Overall, this report provides a brief, yet comprehensive, overview of the current knowledge in the field.
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Beneficial effects of MgSO 4 on TFAM, UPC3 and FNDC5 mRNA expressions in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats: a possible mechanism to improve insulin resistance. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2795-2803. [PMID: 35064400 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypomagnesemia has been associated with development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. Irisin has beneficial effects on glucose uptake and improves hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term treatment of MgSO4 and insulin on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, serum and hepatic irisin levels, skeletal muscle gene expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in T2DM rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: Control group, diabetic control (DC) using a high-fat diet + streptozotocin, insulin-treated diabetic group (DC + Ins), MgSO4-treated diabetic group (DC + Mg). At the end of therapies, serum concentrations of FBG, TG, insulin, Ox-LDL, along with serum and hepatic irisin levels were measured. FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions were measured in the skeletal muscle by Real-time PCR. In comparison with DC group, MgSO4 therapy resulted in decreased FBG, TG, Ox-LDL, improved serum insulin and irisin levels, and increased mRNA expressions of FNDC5, UCP3 and TFAM. Insulin therapy significantly decreased FBG, Ox-LDL, FNDC5 and serum irisin levels compared with the control group. While, insulin therapy markedly increased TFAM and UCP3 compared with the DC group. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, MgSO4 can improve insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia partly through decreasing Ox-LDL, increasing serum irisin levels as well as increasing FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions in T2DM rats. These findings can be considered in the management of diabetes treatment.
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Toda-Oti KS, Stefano JT, Cavaleiro AM, Carrilho FJ, Correa-Gianella ML, Oliveira CPMDSD. Association of UCP3 Polymorphisms with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Metabolic Syndrome in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Brazilian Patients. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2022; 20:114-123. [PMID: 35020496 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the possible association of uncoupling protein 3 gene (UCP3) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Brazilian patients. Methods: UCP3 SNPs rs1726745, rs3781907, and rs11235972 were genotyped in 158 biopsy-proven NAFLD Brazilian patients. Statistics was performed with JMP, R, and SHEsis softwares. Results: The TT genotype of rs1726745 was associated with less occurrence of MetS (P = 0.006) and with lower body mass index (BMI) in the entire NAFLD sample (P = 0.01) and in the NASH group (P = 0.02). The rs1726745-T was associated with lower values of AST (P = 0.001), ALT (P = 0.0002), triglycerides (P = 0.01), and total cholesterol (P = 0.02) in the entire NAFLD sample. Between groups, there were lower values of aminotransferases strictly in individuals with NASH (AST, P = 0.002; ALT, P = 0.0007) and with MetS (AST, P = 0.002; ALT, P = 0.001). The rs3781907-G was associated with lower GGT elevation values in the entire NAFLD sample (P = 0.002), in the NASH group (P = 0.004), and with MetS group (P = 0.003) and with protection for advanced fibrosis (P = 0.01). The rs11235972-A was associated with lower GGT values in the entire NAFLD sample (P = 0.006) and in the NASH group (P = 0.01) and with MetS group (P = 0.005), with fibrosis absence (P = 0.01) and protection for advanced fibrosis (P = 0.01). The TAA haplotype was protective for NASH (P = 0.002), and TGG haplotype was protective for MetS (P = 0.01). Conclusion: UCP3 gene variants were associated with protection against NASH and MetS, in addition to lower values of liver enzymes, lipid profile, BMI and, lesser fibrosis severity in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Sawada Toda-Oti
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Tadeu Stefano
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Departamento de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Mercedes Cavaleiro
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunensaio (LIM-18), Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flair José Carrilho
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Departamento de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Correa-Gianella
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunensaio (LIM-18), Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Pinto Marques de Souza de Oliveira
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Departamento de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dietary conjugated linoleic acid and medium-chain triglycerides for obesity management. J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Cheng H, Sebaa R, Malholtra N, Lacoste B, El Hankouri Z, Kirby A, Bennett NC, van Jaarsveld B, Hart DW, Tattersall GJ, Harper ME, Pamenter ME. Naked mole-rat brown fat thermogenesis is diminished during hypoxia through a rapid decrease in UCP1. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6801. [PMID: 34815412 PMCID: PMC8610999 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals. During hypoxia, their body temperature (Tb) decreases via unknown mechanisms to conserve energy. In small mammals, non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is critical to Tb regulation; therefore, we hypothesize that hypoxia decreases naked mole-rat BAT thermogenesis. To test this, we measure changes in Tb during normoxia and hypoxia (7% O2; 1-3 h). We report that interscapular thermogenesis is high in normoxia but ceases during hypoxia, and Tb decreases. Furthermore, in BAT from animals treated in hypoxia, UCP1 and mitochondrial complexes I-V protein expression rapidly decrease, while mitochondria undergo fission, and apoptosis and mitophagy are inhibited. Finally, UCP1 expression decreases in hypoxia in three other social African mole-rat species, but not a solitary species. These findings suggest that the ability to rapidly down-regulate thermogenesis to conserve oxygen in hypoxia may have evolved preferentially in social species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cheng
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Rajaa Sebaa
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.449644.f0000 0004 0441 5692Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Shaqra, Duwadimi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikita Malholtra
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.412687.e0000 0000 9606 5108Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Ziyad El Hankouri
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Alexia Kirby
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Nigel C. Bennett
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Barry van Jaarsveld
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel W. Hart
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Glenn J. Tattersall
- grid.411793.90000 0004 1936 9318Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Matthew E. Pamenter
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
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