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Hopp MT, Vaidya SM, Grimmig KM, Strudthoff LJ, Clauser JC, Yuan X, Singh S, Müller J, Oldenburg J, Hamza I, Imhof D. Quantitative analysis of heme and hemoglobin for the detection of intravascular hemolysis. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1312:342766. [PMID: 38834280 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravascular hemolysis is associated with massive release of hemoglobin and consequently labile heme into the blood, resulting in prothrombotic and proinflammatory events in patients. Though heme is well-known to participate in these adverse effects, it is not monitored. Instead, haptoglobin and hemoglobin serve as clinical biomarkers. The quantification of labile heme together with hemoglobin, however, should be considered in clinical diagnosis as well, to obtain a complete picture of the hemolytic state in patients. So far, quantification techniques for labile heme were not yet systematically analyzed and compared for their clinical application potential, especially in the presence of hemoglobin. RESULTS Two commercial assays (Heme Assay Kit®, Hemin Assay Kit®) and five common approaches (pyridine hemochromogen assay, apo-horseradish peroxidase-based assay, UV/Vis spectroscopy, HPLC, mass spectrometry) were analyzed concerning their linearity, accuracy, and precision, as well as their ability to distinguish between hemoglobin-bound heme and labile heme. Further, techniques for the quantification of hemoglobin (Harboe method, SLS method, Hemastix®) were included to study their selectivity for hemoglobin and potential interference by the presence of labile heme. Both, indirect and direct approaches were suitable for the determination of a wide concentration of heme (∼0.02-45 μM) and hemoglobin (∼0.002-17 μM). A clear distinction between hemoglobin-bound heme and labile heme with one method was not possible. Thus, a novel combined approach is presented and applied to human and porcine plasma samples for the determination of hemoglobin and labile heme. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrate the need to develop improved techniques to differentiate labile and protein-bound heme for early detection of intravascular hemolysis. Here, we present a novel strategy by combining two spectroscopic methods, which is most reliable as an easy-to-use tool for the determination of hemoglobin and heme levels in plasma samples for the diagnosis of intravascular hemolysis and in basic biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-T Hopp
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121, Bonn, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, University of Koblenz, D-56070, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Sonali M Vaidya
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karina M Grimmig
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lasse J Strudthoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johanna C Clauser
- Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xiaojing Yuan
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, US-21201, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sneha Singh
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, US-21201, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diana Imhof
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121, Bonn, Germany.
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Sahebi K, Foroozand H, Amirsoleymani M, Eslamzadeh S, Negahdaripour M, Tajbakhsh A, Rahimi Jaberi A, Savardashtaki A. Advancing stroke recovery: unlocking the potential of cellular dynamics in stroke recovery. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:321. [PMID: 38992073 PMCID: PMC11239950 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke stands as a predominant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and there is a pressing need for effective therapies to improve outcomes and enhance the quality of life for stroke survivors. In this line, effective efferocytosis, the clearance of apoptotic cells, plays a crucial role in neuroprotection and immunoregulation. This process involves specialized phagocytes known as "professional phagocytes" and consists of four steps: "Find-Me," "Eat-Me," engulfment/digestion, and anti-inflammatory responses. Impaired efferocytosis can lead to secondary necrosis and inflammation, resulting in adverse outcomes following brain pathologies. Enhancing efferocytosis presents a potential avenue for improving post-stroke recovery. Several therapeutic targets have been identified, including osteopontin, cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor, the µ opioid receptor antagonist β-funaltrexamine, and PPARγ and RXR agonists. Ferroptosis, defined as iron-dependent cell death, is now emerging as a novel target to attenuate post-stroke tissue damage and neuronal loss. Additionally, several biomarkers, most importantly CD163, may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke, aiding in stroke diagnosis and prognosis. Non-pharmacological approaches involve physical rehabilitation, hypoxia, and hypothermia. Mitochondrial dysfunction is now recognized as a major contributor to the poor outcomes of brain stroke, and medications targeting mitochondria may exhibit beneficial effects. These strategies aim to polarize efferocytes toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, limit the ingestion of distressed but viable neurons, and stimulate efferocytosis in the late phase of stroke to enhance post-stroke recovery. These findings highlight promising directions for future research and development of effective stroke recovery therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Sahebi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Foroozand
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Saghi Eslamzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Abbas Rahimi Jaberi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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3
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Belot A, Puy H, Hamza I, Bonkovsky HL. Update on heme biosynthesis, tissue-specific regulation, heme transport, relation to iron metabolism and cellular energy. Liver Int 2024. [PMID: 38888238 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Heme is a primordial macrocycle upon which most aerobic life on Earth depends. It is essential to the survival and health of nearly all cells, functioning as a prosthetic group for oxygen-carrying proteins and enzymes involved in oxidation/reduction and electron transport reactions. Heme is essential for the function of numerous hemoproteins and has numerous other roles in the biochemistry of life. In mammals, heme is synthesised from glycine, succinyl-CoA, and ferrous iron in a series of eight steps. The first and normally rate-controlling step is catalysed by 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS), which has two forms: ALAS1 is the housekeeping form with highly variable expression, depending upon the supply of the end-product heme, which acts to repress its activity; ALAS2 is the erythroid form, which is regulated chiefly by the adequacy of iron for erythroid haemoglobin synthesis. Abnormalities in the several enzymes of the heme synthetic pathway, most of which are inherited partial enzyme deficiencies, give rise to rare diseases called porphyrias. The existence and role of heme importers and exporters in mammals have been debated. Recent evidence established the presence of heme transporters. Such transporters are important for the transfer of heme from mitochondria, where the penultimate and ultimate steps of heme synthesis occur, and for the transfer of heme from cytoplasm to other cellular organelles. Several chaperones of heme and iron are known and important for cell health. Heme and iron, although promoters of oxidative stress and potentially toxic, are essential cofactors for cellular energy production and oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Belot
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Herve Puy
- Centre Français des Porphyries, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1149, Paris, France
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Herbert L Bonkovsky
- Section on Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Tullie S, Nicholson T, Bishop JRB, McGee KC, Asiri A, Sullivan J, Chen YY, Sardeli AV, Belli A, Harrison P, Moiemen NS, Lord JM, Hazeldine J. Severe thermal and major traumatic injury results in elevated plasma concentrations of total heme that are associated with poor clinical outcomes and systemic immune suppression. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1416820. [PMID: 38947312 PMCID: PMC11211257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic and thermal injuries result in a state of systemic immune suppression, yet the mechanisms that underlie its development are poorly understood. Released from injured muscle and lysed red blood cells, heme is a damage associated molecular pattern with potent immune modulatory properties. Here, we measured plasma concentrations of total heme in over 200 traumatic and thermally-injured patients in order to examine its relationship with clinical outcomes and post-injury immune suppression. Methods Blood samples were collected from 98 burns (≥15% total body surface area) and 147 traumatically-injured (injury severity score ≥8) patients across the ultra-early (≤1 hour) and acute (4-72 hours) post-injury settings. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged whole blood leukocytes was studied, and plasma concentrations of total heme, and its scavengers haptoglobin, hemopexin and albumin measured, alongside the expression of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). LPS-induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production by THP-1 cells and monocytes following in vitro heme treatment was also examined. Results Burns and traumatic injury resulted in significantly elevated plasma concentrations of heme, which coincided with reduced levels of hemopexin and albumin, and correlated positively with circulating levels of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. PBMCs isolated from trauma patients 4-12 and 48-72 hours post-injury exhibited increased HO-1 gene expression. Non-survivors of burn injury and patients who developed sepsis, presented on day 1 with significantly elevated heme levels, with a difference of 6.5 µM in heme concentrations corresponding to a relative 52% increase in the odds of post-burn mortality. On day 1 post-burn, heme levels were negatively associated with ex vivo LPS-induced TNF-α and interleukin-6 production by whole blood leukocytes. THP-1 cells and monocytes pre-treated with heme exhibited significantly reduced TNF-α production following LPS stimulation. This impairment was associated with decreased gene transcription, reduced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and an impaired glycolytic response. Conclusions Major injury results in elevated plasma concentrations of total heme that may contribute to the development of endotoxin tolerance and increase the risk of poor clinical outcomes. Restoration of the heme scavenging system could be a therapeutic approach by which to improve immune function post-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Tullie
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Nicholson
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. B. Bishop
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty C. McGee
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Asiri
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Sullivan
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yung-Yi Chen
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda V. Sardeli
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Belli
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Birmingham National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Harrison
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- The Scar Free Foundation Centre for Conflict Wound Research, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Naiem S. Moiemen
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Birmingham National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- The Scar Free Foundation Centre for Conflict Wound Research, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M. Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- The Scar Free Foundation Centre for Conflict Wound Research, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council (MRC)-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Hazeldine
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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5
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Abdelgawad IY, George B, Grant MKO, Huang Y, Shan Y, Huang RS, Zordoky BN. Sex-related differences in delayed doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1191-1208. [PMID: 38244039 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer survivors may experience long-term cardiovascular complications due to chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX). The exact mechanism of delayed DOX-induced cardiotoxicity has not been fully elucidated. Sex is an important risk factor for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In the current study, we identified sex differences in delayed DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and determined the underlying molecular determinants of the observed sexual dimorphism. Five-week-old male and female mice were administered intraperitoneal injections of DOX (4 mg/kg/week) or saline for 6 weeks. Echocardiography was performed 5 weeks after the last dose of DOX to evaluate cardiac function. Thereafter, mice were sacrificed and gene expression of markers of apoptosis, senescence, and inflammation was measured by PCR in hearts and livers. Proteomic profiling of the heart from both sexes was conducted to determine differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Only DOX-treated male, but not female, mice demonstrated cardiac dysfunction, cardiac atrophy, and upregulated cardiac expression of Nppb and Myh7. No sex-related differences were observed in DOX-induced expression of most apoptotic, senescence, and pro-inflammatory markers. However, the gene expression of Trp53 was significantly reduced in hearts of DOX-treated female mice only. The anti-inflammatory marker Il-10 was significantly reduced in hearts of DOX-treated male mice only, while the pro-inflammatory marker Il-1α was significantly reduced in livers of DOX-treated female mice only. Gene expression of Tnf-α was reduced in hearts of both DOX-treated male and female mice. Proteomic analysis identified several DEPs after DOX treatment in a sex-specific manner, including anti-inflammatory acute phase proteins. This is the first study to assess sex-specific proteomic changes in a mouse model of delayed DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Our proteomic analysis identified several sexually dimorphic DEPs, many of which are associated with the anti-inflammatory marker Il-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Y Abdelgawad
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Benu George
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Marianne K O Grant
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yingbo Huang
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yuting Shan
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - R Stephanie Huang
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Beshay N Zordoky
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Callahan RC, Bhagavatula G, Curry J, Staley AW, Schaefer REM, Minhajuddin F, Zhou L, Neuhart R, Atif SM, Orlicky DJ, Cartwright IM, Gerich M, Theiss AL, Hall CHT, Colgan SP, Onyiah JC. Epithelial heme oxygenase-1 enhances colonic tumorigenesis by inhibiting ferroptosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.06.583112. [PMID: 38496569 PMCID: PMC10942430 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.06.583112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer has been linked to chronic colitis and red meat consumption, which can increase colonic iron and heme. Heme oxygenase-1 ( Hmox1 ) metabolizes heme and releases ferrous iron, but its role in colonic tumorigenesis is not well-described. Recent studies suggest that ferroptosis, the iron-dependent form of cell death, protects against colonic tumorigenesis. Ferroptosis culminates in excessive lipid peroxidation that is constrained by the antioxidative glutathione pathway. We observed increased mucosal markers of ferroptosis and glutathione metabolism in the setting of murine and human colitis, as well as murine colonic neoplasia. We obtained similar results in murine and human colonic epithelial organoids exposed to heme and the ferroptosis activator erastin, especially induction of Hmox1 . RNA sequencing of colonic organoids from mice with deletion of intestinal epithelial Hmox1 (Hmox1 ΔIEC ) revealed increased ferroptosis and activated glutathione metabolism after heme exposure. In a colitis-associated cancer model we observed significantly fewer and smaller tumors in Hmox1 ΔIEC mice compared to littermate controls. Transcriptional profiling of Hmox1 ΔIEC tumors and tumor organoids revealed increased ferroptosis and oxidative stress markers in tumor epithelial cells. In total, our findings reveal ferroptosis as an important colitis-associated cancer signature pathway, and Hmox1 as a key regulator in the tumor microenvironment.
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Maeda A, Pandey D, Inokuchi R, Spano S, Chaba A, Phongphithakchai A, Eastwood G, Jahanabadi H, Vo H, Seevanayagam S, Motley A, Bellomo R. Carboxyhemoglobin in Cardiac Surgery Patients and Its Association with Risk Factors and Biomarkers of Hemolysis. Anesth Analg 2024:00000539-990000000-00780. [PMID: 38446702 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with hemolysis. Yet, there is no easily available and frequently measured marker to monitor this hemolysis. However, carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb), formed by the binding of carbon monoxide (a product of heme breakdown) to hemoglobin, may reflect such hemolysis. We hypothesized that CO-Hb might increase after cardiac surgery and show associations with operative risk factors and indirect markers for hemolysis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective descriptive cohort study of data from on-pump cardiac surgery patients. We analyzed temporal changes in CO-Hb levels and applied a generalized linear model to assess patient characteristics associated with peak CO-Hb levels. Additionally, we examined their relationship with red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and bilirubin levels. RESULTS We studied 38,487 CO-Hb measurements in 1735 patients. CO-Hb levels increased significantly after cardiac surgery, reaching a peak CO-Hb level 2.1 times higher than baseline (P < .001) at a median of 17 hours after the initiation of surgery. Several factors were independently associated with higher peak CO-Hb, including age (P < .001), preoperative respiratory disease (P = .001), New York Heart Association Class IV (P = .019), the number of packed RBC transfused (P < .001), and the duration of CPB (P = .002). Peak CO-Hb levels also significantly correlated with postoperative total bilirubin levels (Rho = 0.27, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS CO-Hb may represent a readily obtainable and frequently measured biomarker that has a moderate association with known biomarkers of and risk factors for hemolysis in on-pump cardiac surgery patients. These findings have potential clinical implications and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Maeda
- From the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dinesh Pandey
- Data Analytics Research and Evaluation Centre, The University of Melbourne and Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Analytics and Reporting, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ryota Inokuchi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sofia Spano
- From the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anis Chaba
- From the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Glenn Eastwood
- From the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hossein Jahanabadi
- Data Analytics Research and Evaluation Centre, The University of Melbourne and Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Analytics and Reporting, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hung Vo
- Data Analytics Research and Evaluation Centre, The University of Melbourne and Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Analytics and Reporting, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siven Seevanayagam
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Motley
- Department of Haematology and Blood Bank, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- From the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Data Analytics Research and Evaluation Centre, The University of Melbourne and Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Zhang Y, Qian W, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Qian J, Li J, Wei X, Long Y, Wan X. Pediococcus acidilactici reduces tau pathology and ameliorates behavioral deficits in models of neurodegenerative disorders. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:84. [PMID: 38291511 PMCID: PMC10826277 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), affecting many elders worldwide, is characterized by A-beta and tau-related cognitive decline. Accumulating evidence suggests that brain iron accumulation is an important characteristic of AD. However, the function and mechanism of the iron-mediated gut-brain axis on AD is still unclear. METHODS A Caenorhabditis elegans model with tau-overexpression and a high-Fe diet mouse model of cognitive impairment was used for probiotic function evaluation. With the use of qPCR, and immunoblotting, the probiotic regulated differential expression of AD markers and iron related transporting genes was determined. Colorimetric kits, IHC staining, and immunofluorescence have been performed to explore the probiotic mechanism on the development of gut-brain links and brain iron accumulation. RESULTS In the present study, a high-Fe diet mouse model was used for evaluation in which cognitive impairment, higher A-beta, tau and phosphorylated (p)-tau expression, and dysfunctional phosphate distribution were observed. Considering the close crosstalk between intestine and brain, probiotics were then employed to delay the process of cognitive impairment in the HFe mouse model. Pediococcus acidilactici (PA), but not Bacillus subtilis (BN) administration in HFe-fed mice reduced brain iron accumulation, enhanced global alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, accelerated dephosphorylation, lowered phosphate levels and increased brain urate production. In addition, because PA regulated cognitive behavior in HFe fed mice, we used the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans with over-expressed human p-tau for model, and then PA fed worms became more active and longer lived than E.coli fed worms, as well as p-tau was down-regulated. These results suggest that brain iron accumulation influences AD risk proteins and various metabolites. Furthermore, PA was shown to reverse tau-induced pathogenesis via iron transporters and AP-urate interaction. CONCLUSIONS PA administration studies demonstrate that PA is an important mediator of tau protein reduction, p-tau expression and neurodegenerative behavior both in Caenorhabditis elegans and iron-overload mice. Finally, our results provide candidates for AP modulation strategies as preventive tools for promoting brain health. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Shunde Innovation School, Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Weiyi Qian
- Shunde Innovation School, Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yitong Zhang
- Shunde Innovation School, Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Shunde Innovation School, Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiamin Qian
- Shunde Innovation School, Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Xun Wei
- Shunde Innovation School, Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Yan Long
- Shunde Innovation School, Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100192, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Shunde Innovation School, Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100192, China.
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Cervia-Hasler C, Brüningk SC, Hoch T, Fan B, Muzio G, Thompson RC, Ceglarek L, Meledin R, Westermann P, Emmenegger M, Taeschler P, Zurbuchen Y, Pons M, Menges D, Ballouz T, Cervia-Hasler S, Adamo S, Merad M, Charney AW, Puhan M, Brodin P, Nilsson J, Aguzzi A, Raeber ME, Messner CB, Beckmann ND, Borgwardt K, Boyman O. Persistent complement dysregulation with signs of thromboinflammation in active Long Covid. Science 2024; 383:eadg7942. [PMID: 38236961 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg7942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Long Covid is a debilitating condition of unknown etiology. We performed multimodal proteomics analyses of blood serum from COVID-19 patients followed up to 12 months after confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Analysis of >6500 proteins in 268 longitudinal samples revealed dysregulated activation of the complement system, an innate immune protection and homeostasis mechanism, in individuals experiencing Long Covid. Thus, active Long Covid was characterized by terminal complement system dysregulation and ongoing activation of the alternative and classical complement pathways, the latter associated with increased antibody titers against several herpesviruses possibly stimulating this pathway. Moreover, markers of hemolysis, tissue injury, platelet activation, and monocyte-platelet aggregates were increased in Long Covid. Machine learning confirmed complement and thromboinflammatory proteins as top biomarkers, warranting diagnostic and therapeutic interrogation of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cervia-Hasler
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah C Brüningk
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Hoch
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bowen Fan
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Muzio
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ryan C Thompson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Laura Ceglarek
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Meledin
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Westermann
- Precision Proteomics Center, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Taeschler
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yves Zurbuchen
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michele Pons
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Menges
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tala Ballouz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Cervia-Hasler
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Adamo
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Merad
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexander W Charney
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Milo Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petter Brodin
- Unit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miro E Raeber
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph B Messner
- Precision Proteomics Center, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Noam D Beckmann
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Data Driven and Digital Medicine (D3M), Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Karsten Borgwardt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Stone J, Mitrofanis J, Johnstone DM, Robinson SR. The Catastrophe of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Drives the Capillary-Hemorrhage Dementias, Including Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1069-1081. [PMID: 38217606 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
This review advances an understanding of several dementias, based on four premises. One is that capillary hemorrhage is prominent in the pathogenesis of the dementias considered (dementia pugilistica, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, traumatic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease). The second premise is that hemorrhage introduces four neurotoxic factors into brain tissue: hypoxia of the tissue that has lost its blood supply, hemoglobin and its breakdown products, excitotoxic levels of glutamate, and opportunistic pathogens that can infect brain cells and induce a cytotoxic immune response. The third premise is that where organisms evolve molecules that are toxic to itself, like the neurotoxicity ascribed to hemoglobin, amyloid- (A), and glutamate, there must be some role for the molecule that gives the organism a selection advantage. The fourth is the known survival-advantage roles of hemoglobin (oxygen transport), of A (neurotrophic, synaptotrophic, detoxification of heme, protective against pathogens) and of glutamate (a major neurotransmitter). From these premises, we propose 1) that the brain has evolved a multi-factor response to intracerebral hemorrhage, which includes the expression of several protective molecules, including haptoglobin, hemopexin and A; and 2) that it is logical, given these premises, to posit that the four neurotoxic factors set out above, which are introduced into the brain by hemorrhage, drive the progression of the capillary-hemorrhage dementias. In this view, A expressed at the loci of neuronal death in these dementias functions not as a toxin but as a first responder, mitigating the toxicity of hemoglobin and the infection of the brain by opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stone
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Fonds de Dotation, Clinatec, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen R Robinson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
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11
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Beletić A, Kuleš J, Rešetar Maslov D, Farkaš V, Rubić I, Beer Ljubić B, Đuričić D, Žubčić D, Samardžija M, Mrljak V. Profiling the alterations of serum proteome in dairy cows with retained placenta using high-throughput tandem mass tags quantitative approach. Vet Q 2023; 43:1-13. [PMID: 36588465 PMCID: PMC9848263 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2164908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retained placenta (RP), a quite common disorder in dairy cows, shows a high negative impact on their health status and milk production. AIM To investigate the difference in the serum proteome between the cows with RP and the physiologic puerperium (PP). MATERIAL & METHODS Analysis of serum samples from nine cows with RP and six with PP using high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach. The proteins differing in the relative abundance between the PP and RP groups were classified using the Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationship tool. For the pathway enrichment analysis, the REACTOME tool, with the human genome as the background, was employed. The criterion for significance was the false discovery rate corrected P-value less than 0.05. RESULTS In total 651 proteins were identified with altered relative abundance of ten proteins. Among them, seven had higher, and three showed lower relative abundance in RP than in the PP group. The differently abundant proteins participated in 15 pathways: six related to hemostasis, three involved in lipoprotein metabolism, and the remaining ones associated with for instance redox homeostasis, post-translational modification, and scavenging. Finally, the validation of the proteomic results showed that haptoglobin and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels reliably differentiated between the RP and PP groups. CONCLUSION The pattern of serum proteome alterations in the cows with RP mirrored several interplaying mechanisms underlying the systematic response to the presence of RP, therefore representing a source to mine for predictive or prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđelo Beletić
- Laboratory of proteomics, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia,CONTACT Anđelo Beletić Laboratory of Proteomics, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Kuleš
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dina Rešetar Maslov
- Laboratory of proteomics, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Farkaš
- Laboratory of proteomics, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Rubić
- Laboratory of proteomics, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blanka Beer Ljubić
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Damir Žubčić
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Samardžija
- Reproduction and Obstetrics Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- Laboratory of proteomics, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia,Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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12
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Li Y, Chen R, Wang C, Deng J, Luo S. Double-edged functions of hemopexin in hematological related diseases: from basic mechanisms to clinical application. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274333. [PMID: 38022615 PMCID: PMC10653390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now understood that hemolysis and the subsequent release of heme into circulation play a critical role in driving the progression of various diseases. Hemopexin (HPX), a heme-binding protein with the highest affinity for heme in plasma, serves as an effective antagonist against heme toxicity resulting from severe acute or chronic hemolysis. In the present study, changes in HPX concentration were characterized at different stages of hemolytic diseases, underscoring its potential as a biomarker for assessing disease progression and prognosis. In many heme overload-driven conditions, such as sickle cell disease, transfusion-induced hemolysis, and sepsis, endogenous HPX levels are often insufficient to provide protection. Consequently, there is growing interest in developing HPX therapeutics to mitigate toxic heme exposure. Strategies include HPX supplementation when endogenous levels are depleted and enhancing HPX's functionality through modifications, offering a potent defense against heme toxicity. It is worth noting that HPX may also exert deleterious effects under certain circumstances. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of HPX's roles in the progression and prognosis of hematological diseases. It highlights HPX-based clinical therapies for different hematological disorders, discusses advancements in HPX production and modification technologies, and offers a theoretical basis for the clinical application of HPX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Robinson TP, Hamidi T, Counts B, Guttridge DC, Ostrowski MC, Zimmers TA, Koniaris LG. The impact of inflammation and acute phase activation in cancer cachexia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207746. [PMID: 38022578 PMCID: PMC10644737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cachexia in the setting of cancer or other chronic diseases is a significant detriment for patients. Cachexia is associated with a decreased ability to tolerate therapies, reduction in ambulation, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Cachexia appears intricately linked to the activation of the acute phase response and is a drain on metabolic resources. Work has begun to focus on the important inflammatory factors associated with the acute phase response and their role in the immune activation of cachexia. Furthermore, data supporting the liver, lung, skeletal muscle, and tumor as all playing a role in activation of the acute phase are emerging. Although the acute phase is increasingly being recognized as being involved in cachexia, work in understanding underlying mechanisms of cachexia associated with the acute phase response remains an active area of investigation and still lack a holistic understanding and a clear causal link. Studies to date are largely correlative in nature, nonetheless suggesting the possibility for a role for various acute phase reactants. Herein, we examine the current literature regarding the acute phase response proteins, the evidence these proteins play in the promotion and exacerbation of cachexia, and current evidence of a therapeutic potential for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler P. Robinson
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Tewfik Hamidi
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brittany Counts
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Denis C. Guttridge
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Michael C. Ostrowski
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Teresa A. Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Leonidas G. Koniaris
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
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14
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Khan S, Lang M. A Comprehensive Review on the Roles of Metals Mediating Insect-Microbial Pathogen Interactions. Metabolites 2023; 13:839. [PMID: 37512546 PMCID: PMC10384549 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects and microbial pathogens are ubiquitous and play significant roles in various biological processes, while microbial pathogens are microscopic organisms that can cause diseases in multiple hosts. Insects and microbial pathogens engage in diverse interactions, leveraging each other's presence. Metals are crucial in shaping these interactions between insects and microbial pathogens. However, metals such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, Mo, and Ni are integral to various physiological processes in insects, including immune function and resistance against pathogens. Insects have evolved multiple mechanisms to take up, transport, and regulate metal concentrations to fight against pathogenic microbes and act as a vector to transport microbial pathogens to plants and cause various plant diseases. Hence, it is paramount to inhibit insect-microbe interaction to control pathogen transfer from one plant to another or carry pathogens from other sources. This review aims to succinate the role of metals in the interactions between insects and microbial pathogens. It summarizes the significance of metals in the physiology, immune response, and competition for metals between insects, microbial pathogens, and plants. The scope of this review covers these imperative metals and their acquisition, storage, and regulation mechanisms in insect and microbial pathogens. The paper will discuss various scientific studies and sources, including molecular and biochemical studies and genetic and genomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhanullah Khan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minglin Lang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
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15
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Sharma R, Antypiuk A, Vance SZ, Manwani D, Pearce Q, Cox JE, An X, Yazdanbakhsh K, Vinchi F. Macrophage metabolic rewiring improves heme-suppressed efferocytosis and tissue damage in sickle cell disease. Blood 2023; 141:3091-3108. [PMID: 36952641 PMCID: PMC10315632 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is hallmarked by an underlying chronic inflammatory condition, which is contributed by heme-activated proinflammatory macrophages. Although previous studies addressed heme ability to stimulate macrophage inflammatory skewing through Toll-like receptor4 (TLR4)/reactive oxygen species signaling, how heme alters cell functional properties remains unexplored. Macrophage-mediated immune cell recruitment and apoptotic cell (AC) clearance are relevant in the context of SCD, in which tissue damage, cell apoptosis, and inflammation occur owing to vaso-occlusive episodes, hypoxia, and ischemic injury. Here we show that heme strongly alters macrophage functional response to AC damage by exacerbating immune cell recruitment and impairing cell efferocytic capacity. In SCD, heme-driven excessive leukocyte influx and defective efferocytosis contribute to exacerbated tissue damage and sustained inflammation. Mechanistically, these events depend on heme-mediated activation of TLR4 signaling and suppression of the transcription factor proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and its coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α). These changes reduce efferocytic receptor expression and promote mitochondrial remodeling, resulting in a coordinated functional and metabolic reprogramming of macrophages. Overall, this results in limited AC engulfment, impaired metabolic shift to mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, and, ultimately, reduced secretion of the antiinflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10, with consequent inhibition of continual efferocytosis, resolution of inflammation, and tissue repair. We further demonstrate that impaired phagocytic capacity is recapitulated by macrophage exposure to plasma of patients with SCD and improved by hemopexin-mediated heme scavenging, PPARγ agonists, or IL-4 exposure through functional and metabolic macrophage rewiring. Our data indicate that therapeutic improvement of heme-altered macrophage functional properties via heme scavenging or PGC1α/PPARγ modulation significantly ameliorates tissue damage associated with SCD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- Iron Research Laboratory, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
| | - Ada Antypiuk
- Iron Research Laboratory, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
| | - S. Zebulon Vance
- Iron Research Laboratory, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
| | - Deepa Manwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
- Pediatric Hematology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, New York, NY
| | - Quentinn Pearce
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Metabolomics, Mass Spectrometry, and Proteomics Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - James E. Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Metabolomics, Mass Spectrometry, and Proteomics Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Xiuli An
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Francesca Vinchi
- Iron Research Laboratory, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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16
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Abstract
The medical disorders of alcoholism rank among the leading public health problems worldwide and the need for predictive and prognostic risk markers for assessing alcohol use disorders (AUD) has been widely acknowledged. Early-phase detection of problem drinking and associated tissue toxicity are important prerequisites for timely initiations of appropriate treatments and improving patient's committing to the objective of reducing drinking. Recent advances in clinical chemistry have provided novel approaches for a specific detection of heavy drinking through assays of unique ethanol metabolites, phosphatidylethanol (PEth) or ethyl glucuronide (EtG). Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements can be used to indicate severe alcohol problems. Hazardous drinking frequently manifests as heavy episodic drinking or in combinations with other unfavorable lifestyle factors, such as smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet or adiposity, which aggravate the metabolic consequences of alcohol intake in a supra-additive manner. Such interactions are also reflected in multiple disease outcomes and distinct abnormalities in biomarkers of liver function, inflammation and oxidative stress. Use of predictive biomarkers either alone or as part of specifically designed biological algorithms helps to predict both hepatic and extrahepatic morbidity in individuals with such risk factors. Novel approaches for assessing progression of fibrosis, a major determinant of prognosis in AUD, have also been made available. Predictive algorithms based on the combined use of biomarkers and clinical observations may prove to have a major impact on clinical decisions to detect AUD in early pre-symptomatic stages, stratify patients according to their substantially different disease risks and predict individual responses to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Seinäjoki, Finland.
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17
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Pires IS, Berthiaume F, Palmer AF. Engineering Therapeutics to Detoxify Hemoglobin, Heme, and Iron. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:1-21. [PMID: 37289555 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-081622-031203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hemolysis (i.e., red blood cell lysis) can increase circulatory levels of cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) and its degradation by-products, namely heme (h) and iron (Fe). Under homeostasis, minor increases in these three hemolytic by-products (Hb/h/Fe) are rapidly scavenged and cleared by natural plasma proteins. Under certain pathophysiological conditions, scavenging systems become overwhelmed, leading to the accumulation of Hb/h/Fe in the circulation. Unfortunately, these species cause various side effects such as vasoconstriction, hypertension, and oxidative organ damage. Therefore, various therapeutics strategies are in development, ranging from supplementation with depleted plasma scavenger proteins to engineered biomimetic protein constructs capable of scavenging multiple hemolytic species. In this review, we briefly describe hemolysis and the characteristics of the major plasma-derived protein scavengers of Hb/h/Fe. Finally, we present novel engineering approaches designed to address the toxicity of these hemolytic by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Pires
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
| | - François Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
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18
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Chatterjee T, Arora I, Underwood L, Gryshyna A, Lewis TL, Masjoan Juncos JX, Goodin BR, Heath S, Aggarwal S. High Heme and Low Heme Oxygenase-1 Are Associated with Mast Cell Activation/Degranulation in HIV-Induced Chronic Widespread Pain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1213. [PMID: 37371943 PMCID: PMC10295513 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An overwhelming number of people with HIV (PWH) experience chronic widespread pain (CWP) throughout their lifetimes. Previously, we demonstrated that PWH with CWP have increased hemolysis and attenuated heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) levels. HO-1 degrades reactive, cell-free heme into antioxidants like biliverdin and carbon monoxide (CO). We found that high heme or low HO-1 caused hyperalgesia in animals, likely through multiple mechanisms. In this study, we hypothesized that high heme or low HO-1 caused mast cell activation/degranulation, resulting in the release of pain mediators like histamine and bradykinin. PWH who self-report CWP were recruited from the University of Alabama at Birmingham HIV clinic. Animal models included HO-1-/- mice and hemolytic mice, where C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHZ). Results demonstrated that plasma histamine and bradykinin were elevated in PWH with CWP. These pain mediators were also high in HO-1-/- mice and in hemolytic mice. Both in vivo and in vitro (RBL-2H3 mast cells), heme-induced mast cell degranulation was inhibited by treatment with CORM-A1, a CO donor. CORM-A1 also attenuated mechanical and thermal (cold) allodynia in hemolytic mice. Together, the data suggest that mast cell activation secondary to high heme or low HO-1 seen in cells and animals correlates with elevated plasma levels of heme, histamine, and bradykinin in PWH with CWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanima Chatterjee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (T.C.); (L.U.); (A.G.); (T.L.L.); (J.X.M.J.)
| | - Itika Arora
- Division of Developmental Biology and the Reproductive Sciences Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Lilly Underwood
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (T.C.); (L.U.); (A.G.); (T.L.L.); (J.X.M.J.)
| | - Anastasiia Gryshyna
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (T.C.); (L.U.); (A.G.); (T.L.L.); (J.X.M.J.)
| | - Terry L. Lewis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (T.C.); (L.U.); (A.G.); (T.L.L.); (J.X.M.J.)
| | - Juan Xavier Masjoan Juncos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (T.C.); (L.U.); (A.G.); (T.L.L.); (J.X.M.J.)
| | - Burel R. Goodin
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 98105, USA;
| | - Sonya Heath
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (T.C.); (L.U.); (A.G.); (T.L.L.); (J.X.M.J.)
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19
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Schmidt HM, DeVallance ER, Lewis SE, Wood KC, Annarapu GK, Carreño M, Hahn SA, Seman M, Maxwell BA, Hileman EA, Xu JZ, Velayutham M, Geldenhuys WJ, Vitturi DA, Shiva S, Kelley EE, Straub AC. Release of hepatic xanthine oxidase (XO) to the circulation is protective in intravascular hemolytic crisis. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102636. [PMID: 36906950 PMCID: PMC10025133 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) catalyzes the catabolism of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid, generating oxidants as a byproduct. Importantly, XO activity is elevated in numerous hemolytic conditions including sickle cell disease (SCD); however, the role of XO in this context has not been elucidated. Whereas long-standing dogma suggests elevated levels of XO in the vascular compartment contribute to vascular pathology via increased oxidant production, herein, we demonstrate, for the first time, that XO has an unexpected protective role during hemolysis. Using an established hemolysis model, we found that intravascular hemin challenge (40 μmol/kg) resulted in a significant increase in hemolysis and an immense (20-fold) elevation in plasma XO activity in Townes sickle cell phenotype (SS) sickle mice compared to controls. Repeating the hemin challenge model in hepatocyte-specific XO knockout mice transplanted with SS bone marrow confirmed the liver as the source of enhanced circulating XO as these mice demonstrated 100% lethality compared to 40% survival in controls. In addition, studies in murine hepatocytes (AML12) revealed hemin mediates upregulation and release of XO to the medium in a toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that XO degrades oxyhemoglobin and releases free hemin and iron in a hydrogen peroxide-dependent manner. Additional biochemical studies revealed purified XO binds free hemin to diminish the potential for deleterious hemin-related redox reactions as well as prevents platelet aggregation. In the aggregate, data herein reveals that intravascular hemin challenge induces XO release by hepatocytes through hemin-TLR4 signaling, resulting in an immense elevation of circulating XO. This increased XO activity in the vascular compartment mediates protection from intravascular hemin crisis by binding and potentially degrading hemin at the apical surface of the endothelium where XO is known to be bound and sequestered by endothelial glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Evan R DeVallance
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sara E Lewis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Katherine C Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gowtham K Annarapu
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mara Carreño
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott A Hahn
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Madison Seman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brooke A Maxwell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Emily A Hileman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Julia Z Xu
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Hematology /Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Dario A Vitturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Adam C Straub
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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20
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Fordjour FA, Kwarteng A, Paintsil V, Amanor E, Ackah EB, Amuzu EX, Sackey DS, Akoto AOY. Hemolysis scavenger proteins and renal function marker in children with sickle cell disease at steady state: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1177. [PMID: 37008811 PMCID: PMC10062495 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Hemolysis is a fundamental feature of sickle cell disease (SCD) contributing to the vaso-occlusive crisis of patients. The objectives of the study were to assess the link between hemolysis proteins and hematological parameters, and to validate cystatin C (CYS C) as a potent renal marker in diagnoising SCD. Method Here, a cross-sectional study carried out at the pediatric SCD clinic of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital comprised 90 SCD children (HbSC, HbSF, and HbSS). ANOVA, t-test, and Spearman's rank correlation analysis were done. Elevated proteins levels were compared to standard values; alpha-1 microglobulin (A1M) (1.8-65 µg/L), CYS C (0.1-4.5 µmol/L), and haemopexin (HPX) (500-1500 µg/mL). Results The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 9.830 (±0.3217) years, and 46% of them were males. From simple descriptive analysis, we observed that all but one patient had their HPX level below the reference range (<500 µg/mL). Here, A1M levels were shown to be within the appropriate reference range for all the patients except few patients. CYS C levels were also all within the required reference values. A Spearman's rank correlation test between full blood count and HPX generally suggested a weak but positive correlation; RBC (coef. = 0.2448; p = 0.0248), HGB (coef. = 0.2310; p = 0.030), hematocrit (coef. = 0.2509; p = 0.020), and platelet (coef. = 0.1545; p = 0.160). Mean corpuscular volume (coef. = -0.5645; p = 0.610) had a stronger but negative correlation with HPX. This study depicts a positive and stronger association between CYS C and HPX levels (coef. = 0.9996; p < 0.0001), validating the use of CYS C as a useful marker of renal function in persons with SCDs. Conclusion In the present study, we show that A1M levels were normal for most of the patients, hence CYS C levels are not alarming in this study. Further, there exists a correlation between hemolysis scavenger proteins and hematological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima A. Fordjour
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity for Development StudiesTamaleGhana
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Alexander Kwarteng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical MedicineKumasiGhana
| | - Vivian Paintsil
- Child Health DirectorateKomfo Anokye Teaching HospitalKumasiGhana
- College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Ernest Amanor
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Ezekiel B. Ackah
- School of Public HealthKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Evans X. Amuzu
- Child Health DirectorateKomfo Anokye Teaching HospitalKumasiGhana
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21
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Suzaki A, Hayakawa S. Clinical and Microbiological Features of Fulminant Haemolysis Caused by Clostridium perfringens Bacteraemia: Unknown Pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040824. [PMID: 37110247 PMCID: PMC10143116 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteraemia brought on by Clostridium perfringens has a very low incidence but is severe and fatal in fifty per cent of cases. C. perfringens is a commensal anaerobic bacterium found in the environment and in the intestinal tracts of animals; it is known to produce six major toxins: α-toxin, β-toxin, ε-toxin, and others. C. perfringens is classified into seven types, A, B, C, D, E, F and G, according to its ability to produce α-toxin, enterotoxin, and necrotising enterotoxin. The bacterial isolates from humans include types A and F, which cause gas gangrene, hepatobiliary infection, and sepsis; massive intravascular haemolysis (MIH) occurs in 7-15% of C. perfringens bacteraemia cases, resulting in a rapid progression to death. We treated six patients with MIH at a single centre in Japan; however, unfortunately, they all passed away. From a clinical perspective, MIH patients tended to be younger and were more frequently male; however, there was no difference in the toxin type or genes of the bacterial isolates. In MIH cases, the level of θ-toxin in the culture supernatant of clinical isolates was proportional to the production of inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood, suggesting the occurrence of an intense cytokine storm. Severe and systemic haemolysis is considered an evolutionary maladaptation as it leads to the host's death before the bacterium obtains the benefit of iron utilisation from erythrocytes. The disease's extraordinarily quick progression and dismal prognosis necessitate a straightforward and expedient diagnosis and treatment. However, a reliable standard of diagnosis and treatment has yet to be put forward due to the lack of sufficient case analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Suzaki
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi Kamicho, Itabashiku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi Kamicho, Itabashiku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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22
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Dufrusine B, Valentinuzzi S, Bibbò S, Damiani V, Lanuti P, Pieragostino D, Del Boccio P, D’Alessandro E, Rabottini A, Berghella A, Allocati N, Falasca K, Ucciferri C, Mucedola F, Di Perna M, Martino L, Vecchiet J, De Laurenzi V, Dainese E. Iron Dyshomeostasis in COVID-19: Biomarkers Reveal a Functional Link to 5-Lipoxygenase Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:15. [PMID: 36613462 PMCID: PMC9819889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. After acute infection, some subjects develop a post-COVID-19 syndrome known as long-COVID. This study aims to recognize the molecular and functional mechanisms that occur in COVID-19 and long-COVID patients and identify useful biomarkers for the management of patients with COVID-19 and long-COVID. Here, we profiled the response to COVID-19 by performing a proteomic analysis of lymphocytes isolated from patients. We identified significant changes in proteins involved in iron metabolism using different biochemical analyses, considering ceruloplasmin (Cp), transferrin (Tf), hemopexin (HPX), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Moreover, our results show an activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in COVID-19 and in long-COVID possibly through an iron-dependent post-translational mechanism. Furthermore, this work defines leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as possible markers of COVID-19 and long-COVID and suggests novel opportunities for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Valentinuzzi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sandra Bibbò
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Verena Damiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ersilia D’Alessandro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Rabottini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Berghella
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Nerino Allocati
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Katia Falasca
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ucciferri
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Mucedola
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Di Perna
- Pneumology Department, “SS Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Martino
- Pneumology Department, “SS Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vecchiet
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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23
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The Emerging Role of Ferroptosis in Liver Cancers. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122128. [PMID: 36556493 PMCID: PMC9788082 DOI: 10.3390/life12122128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer represents a global health challenge with worldwide growth. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. Indeed, approximately 90% of HCC cases have a low survival rate. Moreover, cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is another malignant solid tumor originating from cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells of the biliary system. It is the second-most common primary liver tumor, with an increasing course in morbidity and mortality. Tumor cells always show high metabolic levels, antioxidant modifications, and an increased iron uptake to maintain unlimited growth. In recent years, alterations in iron metabolism have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC. Several findings show that a diet rich in iron can enhance HCC risk. Hence, elevated iron concentration inside the cell may promote the development of HCC. Growing evidence sustains that activating ferroptosis may potentially block the proliferation of HCC cells. Even in CC, it has been shown that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the treatment of tumors. Several data confirmed the inhibitory effect in cell growth of photodynamic therapy (PDT) that can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CC, leading to an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and a decrease in intracellular glutathione (GSH). MDA and GSH depletion/modulation are crucial in inducing ferroptosis, suggesting that PDT may have the potential to induce this kind of cell death through these ways. A selective induction of programmed cell death in cancer cells is one of the main treatments for malignant tumors; thus, ferroptosis may represent a novel therapeutic strategy against HCC and CC.
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24
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Syreeni A, Dahlström EH, Hägg-Holmberg S, Forsblom C, Eriksson MI, Harjutsalo V, Putaala J, Groop PH, Sandholm N, Thorn LM. Haptoglobin Genotype Does Not Confer a Risk of Stroke in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:2728-2738. [PMID: 36409784 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The exon copy number variant in the haptoglobin gene is associated with cardiovascular and kidney disease. For stroke, previous research is inconclusive. We aimed to study the relationship between the haptoglobin Hp1/2 genotype and stroke in individuals with type 1 diabetes from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study. We included two partially overlapping cohorts: one with haptoglobin genotypes determined using genotyping for 179 individuals with stroke and 517 matched control subjects, and the other using haptoglobin genotype imputation for a larger cohort of 500 individuals with stroke and 3,806 individuals without stroke. We observed no difference in the Hp1-1, Hp2-1, and Hp2-2 genotype frequencies between individuals with or without stroke, neither in the genotyping nor the imputation cohorts. Haptoglobin genotypes were also not associated with the ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke subtypes. In our imputed haptoglobin cohort, 61% of individuals with stroke died during follow-up. However, the risk of death was not related to the haptoglobin genotype. Diabetic kidney disease and cardiovascular events were common in the cohort, but the haptoglobin genotypes were not associated with stroke when stratified by these complications. To conclude, the Hp1/2 genotypes did not affect the risk of stroke or survival after stroke in our cohort with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Syreeni
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma H Dahlström
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefanie Hägg-Holmberg
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marika I Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lena M Thorn
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Cuddington CT, Wolfe SR, Belcher DA, Allyn M, Greenfield A, Gu X, Hickey R, Lu S, Salvi T, Palmer AF. Pilot scale production and characterization of next generation high molecular weight and tense quaternary state polymerized human hemoglobin. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:3447-3461. [PMID: 36120842 PMCID: PMC9828582 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymerized human hemoglobin (PolyhHb) is being studied as a possible red blood cell (RBC) substitute for use in scenarios where blood is not available. While the oxygen (O2 ) carrying capacity of PolyhHb makes it appealing as an O2 therapeutic, the commercial PolyhHb PolyHeme® (Northfield Laboratories Inc.) was never approved for clinical use due to the presence of large quantities of low molecular weight (LMW) polymeric hemoglobin (Hb) species (<500 kDa), which have been shown to elicit vasoconstriction, systemic hypertension, and oxidative tissue injury in vivo. Previous bench-top scale studies in our lab demonstrated the ability to synthesize and purify PolyhHb using a two-stage tangential flow filtration purification process to remove almost all undesirable Hb species (>0.2 µm and <500 kDa) in the material, to create a product that should be safer for transfusion. Therefore, to enable future large animal studies and eventual human clinical trials, PolyhHb synthesis and purification processes need to be scaled up to the pilot scale. Hence in this study, we describe the pilot scale synthesis and purification of PolyhHb. Characterization of pilot scale PolyhHb showed that PolyhHb could be successfully produced to yield biophysical properties conducive for its use as an RBC substitute. Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography showed that pilot scale PolyhHb yielded a high molecular weight Hb polymer containing a small percentage of LMW Hb species (<500 kDa). Additionally, the auto-oxidation rate of pilot scale PolyhHb was even lower than that of previous generations of PolyhHb. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PolyhHb has the ability to be seamlessly manufactured at the pilot scale to enable future large animal studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton T. Cuddington
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Savannah R. Wolfe
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Donald A. Belcher
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Megan Allyn
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Alisyn Greenfield
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Xiangming Gu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Richard Hickey
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Shuwei Lu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Tanmay Salvi
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Andre F. Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
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26
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Fan X, Zhang X, Liu LC, Zhang S, Pelger CB, Lughmani HY, Haller ST, Gunning WT, Cooper CJ, Gong R, Dworkin LD, Gupta R. Hemopexin accumulates in kidneys and worsens acute kidney injury by causing hemoglobin deposition and exacerbation of iron toxicity in proximal tubules. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1320-1330. [PMID: 36007598 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hemopexin, a heme scavenging protein, accumulates in the kidneys during acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the function of this accumulated hemopexin in the kidney is unclear. In both the cisplatin-induced and the unilateral kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury models of AKI, we found accumulation of hemoglobin and hemopexin in the kidneys localized to the proximal tubules. Next, hemopexin wild-type and knockout mice were compared in both AKI models and hemopexin wild type mice had significantly worse kidney injury. Furthermore, there was increased kidney expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (a biomarker of AKI) and heme oxygenase-1 (an indicator of oxidative stress) in hemopexin wild type compared with knockout mice in both models of AKI. Next, the interaction of hemopexin and hemoglobin in vitro was investigated using cultured proximal tubular cells. Co-incubation of hemopexin with hemoglobin resulted in hemoglobin deposition and exaggerated hemoglobin-induced injury. Deferoxamine, an iron chelator, and ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, inhibited this deleterious effect of hemoglobin and hemopexin in proximal tubular cells, implicating iron toxicity in the mechanism of hemopexin mediated injury. Furthermore, the protective effect of deferoxamine in cisplatin-induced AKI was apparent in hemopexin wild type, but not in hemopexin knockout mice, further implicating hemopexin as a mediator of iron toxicity in AKI. Thus, our findings demonstrate that hemopexin accumulates in the kidneys and worsens kidney injury in AKI by increasing hemoglobin deposition on proximal tubular cells to exaggerate hemoglobin-induced cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Lijun C Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Shungang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Cole B Pelger
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Haroon Y Lughmani
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - William T Gunning
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher J Cooper
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Rujun Gong
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Lance D Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
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Drvenica IT, Stančić AZ, Maslovarić IS, Trivanović DI, Ilić VL. Extracellular Hemoglobin: Modulation of Cellular Functions and Pathophysiological Effects. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1708. [PMID: 36421721 PMCID: PMC9688122 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin is essential for maintaining cellular bioenergetic homeostasis through its ability to bind and transport oxygen to the tissues. Besides its ability to transport oxygen, hemoglobin within erythrocytes plays an important role in cellular signaling and modulation of the inflammatory response either directly by binding gas molecules (NO, CO, and CO2) or indirectly by acting as their source. Once hemoglobin reaches the extracellular environment, it acquires several secondary functions affecting surrounding cells and tissues. By modulating the cell functions, this macromolecule becomes involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of various diseases. The up-to-date results disclose the impact of extracellular hemoglobin on (i) redox status, (ii) inflammatory state of cells, (iii) proliferation and chemotaxis, (iv) mitochondrial dynamic, (v) chemoresistance and (vi) differentiation. This review pays special attention to applied biomedical research and the use of non-vertebrate and vertebrate extracellular hemoglobin as a promising candidate for hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, as well as cell culture medium additive. Although recent experimental settings have some limitations, they provide additional insight into the modulatory activity of extracellular hemoglobin in various cellular microenvironments, such as stem or tumor cells niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana T. Drvenica
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Z. Stančić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irina S. Maslovarić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Drenka I. Trivanović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Lj. Ilić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
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28
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Li W, Li H, Yan C, Chen S, Zhao X. The transcriptome pattern of liver, spleen and hypothalamus provides insights into genetic and biological changes in roosters in response to castration. Front Genet 2022; 13:1030886. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1030886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken is widely accepted by consumers because of its delicate taste and abundant animal protein. The rooster after castration (capon) is believed to show better flavor, however, the molecular changes of the underpinned metabolism after castration is not yet understood. In this study, we aimed to figure out the alternation of meat quality and underpinned molecular mechanism via transcriptomic profiling of liver, spleen and hypothalamus as targeted organs in response to the castration. We identified differential expressed genes and their enriched functions and pathways in these organs between capon and rooster samples through RNA-seq analysis. In the liver, the lipid metabolism with targeted FABP1gene was found significantly enriched, which may be as one of the factors contributing to increased fat deposition and thus better meat flavor in capons than roosters, as predicted by the significantly lower shear force in capons than in roosters in meat quality experiments. However, the ability to xenobiotic detoxification and excretion, vitamin metabolism, and antioxidative effect of hemoglobin evidenced of the capon may be compromised by the alternation of SULT, AOX1, CYP3A5, HBA1, HBBA, and HBAD. Besides, in both the spleen and hypothalamus, PTAFR, HPX, CTLA4, LAG3, ANPEP, CD24, ITGA2B, ITGB3, CD2, CD7, and BLB2 may play an important role in the immune system including function of platelet and T cell, development of monocyte/macrophage and B cell in capons as compared to roosters. In conclusion, our study sheds lights into the possible molecular mechanism of better meat flavor, fatty deposit, oxidative detoxification and immune response difference between capons and roosters.
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29
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Variant Enrichment Analysis to Explore Pathways Disruption in a Necropsy Series of Asbestos-Exposed Shipyard Workers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113628. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The variant enrichment analysis (VEA), a recently developed bioinformatic workflow, has been shown to be a valuable tool for whole-exome sequencing data analysis, allowing finding differences between the number of genetic variants in a given pathway compared to a reference dataset. In a previous study, using VEA, we identified different pathway signatures associated with the development of pulmonary toxicities in mesothelioma patients treated with radical hemithoracic radiation therapy. Here, we used VEA to discover novel pathways altered in individuals exposed to asbestos who developed or not asbestos-related diseases (lung cancer or mesothelioma). A population-based autopsy study was designed in which asbestos exposure was evaluated and quantitated by investigating objective signs of exposure. We selected patients with similar exposure to asbestos. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues were used as a source of DNA and whole-exome sequencing analysis was performed, running VEA to identify potentially disrupted pathways in individuals who developed thoracic cancers induced by asbestos exposure. By using VEA analysis, we confirmed the involvement of pathways considered as the main culprits for asbestos-induced carcinogenesis: oxidative stress and chromosome instability. Furthermore, we identified protective genetic assets preserving genome stability and susceptibility assets predisposing to a worst outcome.
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30
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Sanyal S, Amin SA, Banerjee P, Gayen S, Jha T. A review of MMP-2 structures and binding mode analysis of its inhibitors to strategize structure-based drug design. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 74:117044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gáll T, Nagy P, Garai D, Potor L, Balla GJ, Balla G, Balla J. Overview on hydrogen sulfide-mediated suppression of vascular calcification and hemoglobin/heme-mediated vascular damage in atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102504. [PMID: 36240620 PMCID: PMC9576974 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques with hemorrhage considerably contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Calcification is the main characteristic of advanced atherosclerotic lesions and calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD). Lyses of red blood cells and hemoglobin (Hb) release occur in human hemorrhagic complicated lesions. During the interaction of cell-free Hb with plaque constituents, Hb is oxidized to ferric and ferryl states accompanied by oxidative changes of the globin moieties and heme release. Accumulation of both ferryl-Hb and metHb has been observed in atherosclerotic plaques. The oxidation hotspots in the globin chain are the cysteine and tyrosine amino acids associated with the generation of Hb dimers, tetramers and polymers. Moreover, fragmentation of Hb occurs leading to the formation of globin-derived peptides. A series of these pro-atherogenic cellular responses can be suppressed by hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Since H2S has been explored to exhibit a wide range of physiologic functions to maintain vascular homeostasis, it is not surprising that H2S may play beneficial effects in the progression of atherosclerosis. In the present review, we summarize the findings about the effects of H2S on atherosclerosis and CAVD with a special emphasis on the oxidation of Hb/heme in atherosclerotic plaque development and vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gáll
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH-UD Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group, 11003, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Oncochemistry, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Garai
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Potor
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH-UD Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group, 11003, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - György Balla
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH-UD Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group, 11003, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH-UD Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group, 11003, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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32
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Vyletelová V, Nováková M, Pašková Ľ. Alterations of HDL's to piHDL's Proteome in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, and HDL-Targeted Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1278. [PMID: 36297390 PMCID: PMC9611871 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, steatohepatitis, periodontitis, chronic kidney disease, and others are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which persists even after accounting for traditional cardiac risk factors. The common factor linking these diseases to accelerated atherosclerosis is chronic systemic low-grade inflammation triggering changes in lipoprotein structure and metabolism. HDL, an independent marker of cardiovascular risk, is a lipoprotein particle with numerous important anti-atherogenic properties. Besides the essential role in reverse cholesterol transport, HDL possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antithrombotic properties. Inflammation and inflammation-associated pathologies can cause modifications in HDL's proteome and lipidome, transforming HDL from atheroprotective into a pro-atherosclerotic lipoprotein. Therefore, a simple increase in HDL concentration in patients with inflammatory diseases has not led to the desired anti-atherogenic outcome. In this review, the functions of individual protein components of HDL, rendering them either anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory are described in detail. Alterations of HDL proteome (such as replacing atheroprotective proteins by pro-inflammatory proteins, or posttranslational modifications) in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases and their impact on cardiovascular health are discussed. Finally, molecular, and clinical aspects of HDL-targeted therapies, including those used in therapeutical practice, drugs in clinical trials, and experimental drugs are comprehensively summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ľudmila Pašková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Donegan RK. The role of host heme in bacterial infection. Biol Chem 2022; 403:1017-1029. [PMID: 36228088 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Heme is an indispensable cofactor for almost all aerobic life, including the human host and many bacterial pathogens. During infection, heme and hemoproteins are the largest source of bioavailable iron, and pathogens have evolved various heme acquisition pathways to satisfy their need for iron and heme. Many of these pathways are regulated transcriptionally by intracellular iron levels, however, host heme availability and intracellular heme levels have also been found to regulate heme uptake in some species. Knowledge of these pathways has helped to uncover not only how these bacteria incorporate host heme into their metabolism but also provided insight into the importance of host heme as a nutrient source during infection. Within this review is covered multiple aspects of the role of heme at the host pathogen interface, including the various routes of heme biosynthesis, how heme is sequestered by the host, and how heme is scavenged by bacterial pathogens. Also discussed is how heme and hemoproteins alter the behavior of the host immune system and bacterial pathogens. Finally, some unanswered questions about the regulation of heme uptake and how host heme is integrated into bacterial metabolism are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Donegan
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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Kurpe SR, Sukhovskaya IV, Borvinskaya EV, Morozov AA, Parshukov AN, Malysheva IE, Vasileva AV, Chechkova NA, Kuchko TY. Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Rainbow Trout with Severe, Moderate and Asymptomatic Course of Vibrio anguillarum Infection. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192642. [PMID: 36230384 PMCID: PMC9559680 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary During the past decades, bacterial infections have been a serious problem in aquaculture that causes very large economic losses. Currently, antibiotics are the most common method of disease prevention and control. A combination of water quality monitoring, early detection of fish infections, and other preventive biosecurity measures in fish farms can help prevent the spread of infection. We investigated the natural bacterial infection in fish farms and characterized the parameters of the health status of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) during disease. Depending on the course of the disease (severity of the pathology, leukocyte profile, and expression of immune-related genes), three subpopulations of fish with severe damage, a moderate course of the infectious process, and asymptomatic fish were characterized. An unexpected result was a small metabolic difference between fish with moderate symptoms and fish with weak signs of pathology. Thus, we have described the characteristics of a trout subpopulation with a mild course of infection which has potential for recovery after infection. Abstract This article describes the clinical manifestation of natural Vibrio anguillarum infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during an outbreak on a fish farm. (i) Using an integrated approach, we characterized the pathogenesis of vibriosis from the morphological, hematological, and biochemical points of view. The molecular mechanisms associated with the host immune response were investigated using mass spectrometric analysis of trout plasma proteins. (ii) According to the severity of infection (the extent of tissue damage, the level of expression of pro-inflammatory genes, and changes in the leukocyte profile) three fish populations were identified among infected trout: fish with severe lesions (SL), fish with the moderate infectious process (IP) and asymptomatic fish (AS). (iii) Lymphopenia, granulocytosis, and splenomegaly were strong trends during the progression of infection and informative indicators of severe manifestation of disease, associated with hemorrhagic shock, metabolic acidosis, and massive tissue damage. (iv) As expected, pro-inflammatory interleukins, complement components, acute phase proteins, and antimicrobial peptides were implicated in the acute pathogenesis. Systemic coagulopathy was accompanied by increased antithrombotic reactions. (v) Reconstruction of metabolic pathways also revealed a high energy requirement for the immune response in severely affected fish. (vi) An unexpected result was a small difference between fish with moderate symptoms and fish with no or minor external signs of pathology (putatively resistant to infection). Increased production of antiproteases and enhanced blood coagulation cascade were observed in healthier fish, which may underlie the mechanisms of a controlled, non-self-damaging immune response to infection. (vii) Depending on the progression of the disease and the presence of the pathogen, a stepwise or linear change in the abundance of some plasma proteins was revealed. These proteins could be proposed as molecular markers for diagnosing the health and immune status of trout when cultured in fish farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Rimaso Kurpe
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Agricultural Technologies of the Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU), 185640 Petrozavodsk, Russia
- Institute of Protein Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.R.K.); (I.V.S.)
| | - Irina Viktorovna Sukhovskaya
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Agricultural Technologies of the Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU), 185640 Petrozavodsk, Russia
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.R.K.); (I.V.S.)
| | | | - Alexey Anatolievich Morozov
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LIN SB RAS), 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Aleksey Nikolaevich Parshukov
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Irina Evgenyevna Malysheva
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Agricultural Technologies of the Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU), 185640 Petrozavodsk, Russia
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Alina Valeryevna Vasileva
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Agricultural Technologies of the Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU), 185640 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Alexandrovna Chechkova
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Agricultural Technologies of the Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU), 185640 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Tamara Yurevna Kuchko
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Agricultural Technologies of the Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU), 185640 Petrozavodsk, Russia
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High-Level Expression of Cell-Surface Signaling System Hxu Enhances Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infection. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0032922. [PMID: 36169312 PMCID: PMC9584290 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00329-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are associated with a high mortality rate in the clinic. However, the fitness mechanisms responsible for the evolution of virulence factors that facilitate the dissemination of P. aeruginosa to the bloodstream are poorly understood. In this study, a transcriptomic analysis of the BSI-associated P. aeruginosa clinical isolates showed a high-level expression of cell-surface signaling (CSS) system Hxu. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics of these isolates showed that a mutation in rnfE gene was responsible for the elevated expression of the Hxu-CSS pathway. Most importantly, deletion of the hxuIRA gene cluster in a laboratory strain PAO1 reduced its BSI capability while overexpression of the HxuIRA pathway promoted BSI in a murine sepsis model. We further demonstrated that multiple components in the blood plasma, including heme, hemoglobin, the heme-scavenging proteins haptoglobin, and hemopexin, as well as the iron-delivery protein transferrin, could activate the Hxu system. Together, these studies suggested that the Hxu-CSS system was an important signal transduction pathway contributing to the adaptive pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa in BSI.
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Iron Metabolism in the Disorders of Heme Biosynthesis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090819. [PMID: 36144223 PMCID: PMC9505951 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Given its remarkable property to easily switch between different oxidative states, iron is essential in countless cellular functions which involve redox reactions. At the same time, uncontrolled interactions between iron and its surrounding milieu may be damaging to cells and tissues. Heme—the iron-chelated form of protoporphyrin IX—is a macrocyclic tetrapyrrole and a coordination complex for diatomic gases, accurately engineered by evolution to exploit the catalytic, oxygen-binding, and oxidoreductive properties of iron while minimizing its damaging effects on tissues. The majority of the body production of heme is ultimately incorporated into hemoglobin within mature erythrocytes; thus, regulation of heme biosynthesis by iron is central in erythropoiesis. Additionally, heme is a cofactor in several metabolic pathways, which can be modulated by iron-dependent signals as well. Impairment in some steps of the pathway of heme biosynthesis is the main pathogenetic mechanism of two groups of diseases collectively known as porphyrias and congenital sideroblastic anemias. In porphyrias, according to the specific enzyme involved, heme precursors accumulate up to the enzyme stop in disease-specific patterns and organs. Therefore, different porphyrias manifest themselves under strikingly different clinical pictures. In congenital sideroblastic anemias, instead, an altered utilization of mitochondrial iron by erythroid precursors leads to mitochondrial iron overload and an accumulation of ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow. In line with the complexity of the processes involved, the role of iron in these conditions is then multifarious. This review aims to summarise the most important lines of evidence concerning the interplay between iron and heme metabolism, as well as the clinical and experimental aspects of the role of iron in inherited conditions of altered heme biosynthesis.
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Hopp MT, Rathod DC, Winn KH, Ambast S, Imhof D. Novel insights into heme binding to hemoglobin. Biol Chem 2022; 403:1055-1066. [PMID: 36043538 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Under hemolytic conditions, hemoglobin and subsequently heme are rapidly released, leading to the toxic effects characterizing diseases such as β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Herein, we provide evidence that human hemoglobin can bind heme in a transient fashion via surface-exposed sequence motifs. Following the synthesis of potential heme-binding motifs (HBMs) as peptides, their heme-binding capacity was investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy and ranked according to their binding affinity. Heme binding to human hemoglobin was subsequently studied by UV-vis and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, revealing a heme-binding affinity in the sub- to micromolar range and a stoichiometry that clearly exceeds a 1:1 ratio. In silico molecular docking and simulation studies confirmed heme binding to the respective motifs in the β-chain of hemoglobin. Finally, the peroxidase-like activity of hemoglobin and the hemoglobin-heme complex was monitored, which indicated a much higher activity (>1800%) than other heme-peptide/protein complexes reported so far. The present study provides novel insights into the nature of intact hemoglobin concerning its transient interaction with heme, which suggests for the first time potential heme-scavenging properties of the protein at concomitant disassembly and, consequently, a potentiation of hemolysis and related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Hopp
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dhruv Chetanbhai Rathod
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristina Helena Winn
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Shubhi Ambast
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Diana Imhof
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
Thrombosis is a common disorder with a relevant burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among elderly patients. Growing evidence demonstrated a direct role of oxidative stress in thrombosis, with various cell types contributing to this process. Among them, erythrocytes produce high quantities of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase activation and haemoglobin autoxidation. Concomitantly, extracellular ROS released by other cells in the blood flow can be uptaken and accumulate within erythrocytes. This oxidative milieu can alter erythrocyte membrane structure, leading to an impaired erythrocyte function, and promoting erythrocytes lysis, binding to endothelial cells, activation of platelet and of coagulation factors, phosphatidylserine exposure and release of microvesicles. Moreover, these abnormal erythrocytes are able to adhere to the vessel wall, contributing to thrombin generation within the thrombus. This process results in accelerated haemolysis and in a hypercoagulable state, in which structurally impaired erythrocytes contribute to increase thrombus size, to reduce its permeability and susceptibility to lysis. However, the wide plethora of mechanisms by which oxidised erythrocytes contribute to thrombosis is not completely elucidated. This review discusses the main biochemical aspects linking erythrocytes, oxidative stress and thrombosis, addressing their potential implication for clinical and therapeutic management.
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Abstract
An abundant metal in the human body, iron is essential for key biological pathways including oxygen transport, DNA metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Most iron is bound to heme but it can also be incorporated into iron-sulfur clusters or bind directly to proteins. Iron's capacity to cycle between Fe2+ and Fe3+ contributes to its biological utility but also renders it toxic in excess. Heme is an iron-containing tetrapyrrole essential for diverse biological functions including gas transport and sensing, oxidative metabolism, and xenobiotic detoxification. Like iron, heme is essential yet toxic in excess. As such, both iron and heme homeostasis are tightly regulated. Here we discuss molecular and physiologic aspects of iron and heme metabolism. We focus on dietary absorption; cellular import; utilization; and export, recycling, and elimination, emphasizing studies published in recent years. We end with a discussion on current challenges and needs in the field of iron and heme biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Dutt
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Computational Modeling of Macrophage Iron Sequestration during Host Defense against Aspergillus. mSphere 2022; 7:e0007422. [PMID: 35862797 PMCID: PMC9429928 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00074-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential to the virulence of Aspergillus species, and restricting iron availability is a critical mechanism of antimicrobial host defense. Macrophages recruited to the site of infection are at the crux of this process, employing multiple intersecting mechanisms to orchestrate iron sequestration from pathogens. To gain an integrated understanding of how this is achieved in aspergillosis, we generated a transcriptomic time series of the response of human monocyte-derived macrophages to Aspergillus and used this and the available literature to construct a mechanistic computational model of iron handling of macrophages during this infection. We found an overwhelming macrophage response beginning 2 to 4 h after exposure to the fungus, which included upregulated transcription of iron import proteins transferrin receptor-1, divalent metal transporter-1, and ZIP family transporters, and downregulated transcription of the iron exporter ferroportin. The computational model, based on a discrete dynamical systems framework, consisted of 21 3-state nodes, and was validated with additional experimental data that were not used in model generation. The model accurately captures the steady state and the trajectories of most of the quantitatively measured nodes. In the experimental data, we surprisingly found that transferrin receptor-1 upregulation preceded the induction of inflammatory cytokines, a feature that deviated from model predictions. Model simulations suggested that direct induction of transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1) after fungal recognition, independent of the iron regulatory protein-labile iron pool (IRP-LIP) system, explains this finding. We anticipate that this model will contribute to a quantitative understanding of iron regulation as a fundamental host defense mechanism during aspergillosis. IMPORTANCE Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a major cause of death among immunosuppressed individuals despite the best available therapy. Depriving the pathogen of iron is an essential component of host defense in this infection, but the mechanisms by which the host achieves this are complex. To understand how recruited macrophages mediate iron deprivation during the infection, we developed and validated a mechanistic computational model that integrates the available information in the field. The insights provided by this approach can help in designing iron modulation therapies as anti-fungal treatments.
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Govender K, Jani VP, Cabrales P. The Disconnect Between Extracorporeal Circulation and the Microcirculation: A Review. ASAIO J 2022; 68:881-889. [PMID: 35067580 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal circulation (ECC) procedures, such as cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), take over the function of one or more organs, providing clinicians time to treat underlying pathophysiological conditions. ECMO and CPB carry significant mortality rates for patients, despite prior decades of research focused on the resulting failure of critical organs. Since the focus of these procedures is to support blood flow and provide oxygen-rich blood to tissues, a shift in research toward the effects of ECMO and CPB on the microcirculation is warranted. Along with provoking systemic responses, both procedures disrupt the integrity of red blood cells, causing release of hemoglobin (Hb) from excessive foreign surface contact and mechanical stresses. The effects of hemolysis are especially pronounced in the microcirculation, where plasma Hb leads to nitric oxide scavenging, oxidization, formation of reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory responses. A limited number of studies have investigated the implications of ECMO in the microcirculation, but more work is needed to minimize ECMO-induced reduction of microcirculatory perfusion and consequently oxygenation. The following review presents existing information on the implications of ECMO and CPB on microvascular function and proposes future studies to understand and leverage key mechanisms to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krianthan Govender
- From the Functional Cardiovascular Engineering Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Amorim CS, Moraes JA, Magdalena IDJ, López SG, Carneiro ACD, Nunes IKDC, Pizzatti L, Sardela VF, Aquino Neto FR, Mirotti LC, Pereira HMG, Renovato-Martins M. Extracellular Vesicles From Stored Red Blood Cells Convey Heme and Induce Spic Expression on Human Monocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833286. [PMID: 35663938 PMCID: PMC9157768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolinne Souza Amorim
- Laboratório Brasileiro de Controle de Dopagem-Laboratório de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (LBCD-LADETEC), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Redox, Programa de Pesquisa em Farmacologia e Inflamação, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Alfredo Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia Redox, Programa de Pesquisa em Farmacologia e Inflamação, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ingrid de Jesus Magdalena
- Laboratório Brasileiro de Controle de Dopagem-Laboratório de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (LBCD-LADETEC), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sheila Gutiérrez López
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Proteômica do Sangue-Laboratório de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (LABMOPS-LADETEC), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Dudenhoeffer Carneiro
- Laboratório Brasileiro de Controle de Dopagem-Laboratório de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (LBCD-LADETEC), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Karine da Costa Nunes
- Laboratório Brasileiro de Controle de Dopagem-Laboratório de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (LBCD-LADETEC), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pizzatti
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Proteômica do Sangue-Laboratório de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (LABMOPS-LADETEC), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Figueiredo Sardela
- Laboratório Brasileiro de Controle de Dopagem-Laboratório de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (LBCD-LADETEC), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco Radler Aquino Neto
- Laboratório Brasileiro de Controle de Dopagem-Laboratório de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (LBCD-LADETEC), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Cristina Mirotti
- Laboratório Brasileiro de Controle de Dopagem-Laboratório de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (LBCD-LADETEC), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henrique Marcelo Gualberto Pereira
- Laboratório Brasileiro de Controle de Dopagem-Laboratório de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (LBCD-LADETEC), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Renovato-Martins
- Laboratório Brasileiro de Controle de Dopagem-Laboratório de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (LBCD-LADETEC), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Inflamação e Metabolismo, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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Massey W, Osborn LJ, Banerjee R, Horak A, Fung KK, Orabi D, Chan ER, Sangwan N, Wang Z, Brown JM. Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) Is Critical for Dioxin-Induced Reorganization of the Gut Microbiome and Host Insulin Sensitivity. Metabolites 2022; 12:364. [PMID: 35448550 PMCID: PMC9029240 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to some environmental pollutants can have potent endocrine-disrupting effects, thereby promoting hormone imbalance and cardiometabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetes, and cardiorenal diseases. Recent evidence also suggests that many environmental pollutants can reorganize the gut microbiome to potentially impact these diverse human diseases. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is among the most potent endocrine-disrupting dioxin pollutants, yet our understanding of how TCDD impacts the gut microbiome and systemic metabolism is incompletely understood. Here, we show that TCDD exposure in mice profoundly stimulates the hepatic expression of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (Fmo3), which is a hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme that is also responsible for the production of the gut microbiome-associated metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Interestingly, an enzymatic product of FMO3 (TMAO) has been associated with the same cardiometabolic diseases that these environmental pollutants promote. Therefore, here, we examined TCDD-induced alterations in the gut microbiome, host liver transcriptome, and glucose tolerance in Fmo3+/+ and Fmo3-/- mice. Our results show that Fmo3 is a critical component of the transcriptional response to TCDD, impacting the gut microbiome, host liver transcriptome, and systemic glucose tolerance. Collectively, this work uncovers a previously underappreciated role for Fmo3 in integrating diet-pollutant-microbe-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Massey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (W.M.); (L.J.O.); (R.B.); (A.H.); (K.K.F.); (D.O.); (Z.W.)
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lucas J. Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (W.M.); (L.J.O.); (R.B.); (A.H.); (K.K.F.); (D.O.); (Z.W.)
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (W.M.); (L.J.O.); (R.B.); (A.H.); (K.K.F.); (D.O.); (Z.W.)
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Anthony Horak
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (W.M.); (L.J.O.); (R.B.); (A.H.); (K.K.F.); (D.O.); (Z.W.)
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kevin K. Fung
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (W.M.); (L.J.O.); (R.B.); (A.H.); (K.K.F.); (D.O.); (Z.W.)
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Danny Orabi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (W.M.); (L.J.O.); (R.B.); (A.H.); (K.K.F.); (D.O.); (Z.W.)
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - E. Ricky Chan
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Microbial Sequencing & Analytics Core Facility, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (W.M.); (L.J.O.); (R.B.); (A.H.); (K.K.F.); (D.O.); (Z.W.)
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (W.M.); (L.J.O.); (R.B.); (A.H.); (K.K.F.); (D.O.); (Z.W.)
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Li N, An P, Wang J, Zhang T, Qing X, Wu B, Sun L, Ding X, Niu L, Xie Z, Zhang M, Guo X, Chen X, Cai T, Luo J, Wang F, Yang F. Plasma proteome profiling combined with clinical and genetic features reveals the pathophysiological characteristics of β-thalassemia. iScience 2022; 25:104091. [PMID: 35378860 PMCID: PMC8976145 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotype of β-thalassemia underlies multigene interactions, making clinical stratification complicated. An increasing number of genetic modifiers affecting the disease severity have been identified, but are still unable to meet the demand of precision diagnosis. Here, we systematically conducted a comparative plasma proteomic profiling on patients with β-thalassemia and healthy controls. Among 246 dysregulated proteins, 13 core protein signatures with excellent biomarker potential are proposed. The combination of proteome and patients' clinical data revealed patients with codons 41/42 -TTCT mutations have an elevated risk of higher iron burden, dysplasia, and osteoporosis than patients with other genotypes. Notably, 85 proteins correlating to fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) were identified, among which the abundance of 27 proteins may affect the transfusion burden in patients with β-thalassemia. The current study thus provides protein signatures as potential diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic clues for β-thalassemia. 246 dysregulated proteins are detected in plasma of patients with β-thalassemia 13 potential biomarkers and 27 proteins related to disease progression are found Variations in plasma proteome reveal the disease pathophysiological characteristics Codons 41/42 -TTCT carriers have higher ferritin levels compared to non-carriers
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqing Qing
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bowen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhensheng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiulan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tanxi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianming Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021 China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Lu S, Allyn M, Weigand M, Chalmers JJ, Palmer AF. Tangential flow filtration facilitated washing of human red blood cells: A proof-of-concept study. Vox Sang 2022; 117:803-811. [PMID: 35262216 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Red blood cell (RBC) units in hypothermic storage degrade over time, commonly known as the RBC storage lesion. These older RBC units can cause adverse clinical effects when transfused, as older RBCs in the unit lyse and release cell-free haemoglobin (Hb), a potent vasodilator that can elicit vasoconstriction, systemic hypertension and oxidative tissue injury after transfusion. In this study, we examined a novel method of washing ex vivo stored single RBC units to remove accumulated cellular waste, specifically cell-free Hb, using tangential flow filtration (TFF) driven by a centrifugal pump. MATERIALS AND METHODS The TFF RBC washing system was run under hypothermic conditions at 4°C, at a constant system volume with 0.9 wt% saline as the wash solution. The RBC washing process was conducted on 10 separate RBC units. For this proof-of-concept study, RBC units were expired at the time of washing (60-70 days old). Cell-free Hb was quantified by UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy and analysed via the Winterbourn equations. Pre- and post-wash RBC samples were analysed by Hemox Analyser, Coulter counter and Brookfield rheometer. The RBC volume fraction in solution was measured throughout the wash process by standard haematocrit (HCT) analysis. RESULTS No substantial decrease in the HCT was observed during the TFF RBC washing process. However, there was a significant decrease in RBC concentration in the first half of the TFF RBC wash process, with no significant change in RBC concentration during the second half of the TFF cell wash process with an 87% overall cell recovery compared with the total number of cells before initiation of cell washing. Utilization of the extinction coefficients and characteristic peaks of each Hb species potentially present in solution was quantified by Winterbourn analysis on retentate and permeate samples for each diacycle to quantify Hb concentration during the washing process. Significant cell-free Hb reduction was observed within the first four diacycles with a starting cell-free Hb concentration in the RBC unit of 0.105 mM, which plateaus to a constant Hb concentration of 0.01 mM or a total extracellular Hb mass of 0.2 g in the resultant washed unit. The oxygen equilibrium curve showed a significant decrease in P50 between the initial and final RBC sample cell wash with an initial P50 of 15.6 ± 1.8 mm Hg and a final P50 of 14 ± 1.62 mm Hg. Cooperativity increased after washing from an initial Hill coefficient of 2.37 ± 0.19 compared with a final value of 2.52 ± 0.12. CONCLUSION Overall, this study investigated the proof-of-concept use of TFF for washing single RBC units with an emphasis on the removal of cell-free Hb from the unit. Compared with traditional cell washing procedures, the designed system was able to more efficiently remove extracellular Hb but resulted in longer wash times. For a more complete investigation of the TFF RBC washing process, further work should be done to investigate the effects of RBC unit storage after washing. The designed system is lightweight and transportable with the ability to maintain sterility between uses, providing a potential option for bedside ex vivo transfusion in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Lu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan Allyn
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mitchell Weigand
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Chalmers
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Chan SKN, Suresh S, Munday P, Ravasi T, Bernal MA, Schunter C. The alternative splicing landscape of a coral reef fish during a marine heatwave. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8738. [PMID: 35342554 PMCID: PMC8933327 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a molecular mechanism that enables a single gene to encode multiple transcripts and proteins by post-transcriptional modification of pre-RNA molecules. Changes in the splicing scheme of genes can lead to modifications of the transcriptome and the proteome. This mechanism can enable organisms to respond to environmental fluctuations. In this study, we investigated patterns of alternative splicing in the liver of the coral reef fish Acanthochromis polyacanthus in response to the 2016 marine heatwave on the Great Barrier Reef. The differentially spliced (DS; n = 40) genes during the onset of the heatwave (i.e., 29.49°C or +1°C from average) were related to essential cellular functions such as the MAPK signaling system, Ca(2+) binding, and homeostasis. With the persistence of the heatwave for a period of one month (February to March), 21 DS genes were detected, suggesting that acute warming during the onset of the heatwave is more influential on alternative splicing than the continued exposure to elevated temperatures. After the heatwave, the water temperature cooled to ~24.96°C, and fish showed differential splicing of genes related to cyto-protection and post-damage recovery (n = 26). Two-thirds of the DS genes detected across the heatwave were also differentially expressed, revealing that the two molecular mechanisms act together in A. polyacanthus to cope with the acute thermal change. This study exemplifies how splicing patterns of a coral reef fish can be modified by marine heatwaves. Alternative splicing could therefore be a potential mechanism to adjust cellular physiological states under thermal stress and aid coral reef fishes in their response to more frequent acute thermal fluctuations in upcoming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Kin Nok Chan
- Swire Institute of Marine ScienceSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Sneha Suresh
- Swire Institute of Marine ScienceSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Phillip Munday
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Marine Climate Change UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOnna‐sonJapan
| | - Moisés A. Bernal
- Department of Biological SciencesCollege of Science and MathematicsAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Celia Schunter
- Swire Institute of Marine ScienceSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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The dynamics of hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes. Relevance for oxidative stress. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mégier C, Peoc’h K, Puy V, Cordier AG. Iron Metabolism in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies and Fetal Consequences. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020129. [PMID: 35208204 PMCID: PMC8876952 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is required for energy production, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation, mainly as a component of the prosthetic group in hemoproteins and as part of iron-sulfur clusters. Iron is also a critical component of hemoglobin and plays an important role in oxygen delivery. Imbalances in iron metabolism negatively affect these vital functions. As the crucial barrier between the fetus and the mother, the placenta plays a pivotal role in iron metabolism during pregnancy. Iron deficiency affects 1.2 billion individuals worldwide. Pregnant women are at high risk of developing or worsening iron deficiency. On the contrary, in frequent hemoglobin diseases, such as sickle-cell disease and thalassemia, iron overload is observed. Both iron deficiency and iron overload can affect neonatal development. This review aims to provide an update on our current knowledge on iron and heme metabolism in normal and pathological pregnancies. The main molecular actors in human placental iron metabolism are described, focusing on the impact of iron deficiency and hemoglobin diseases on the placenta, together with normal metabolism. Then, we discuss data concerning iron metabolism in frequent pathological pregnancies to complete the picture, focusing on the most frequent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mégier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France;
| | - Katell Peoc’h
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique, HUPNVS, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy and Université de Paris, UFR de Médecine Xavier Bichat, INSERM U1149, F-75018 Paris, France;
| | - Vincent Puy
- Unité de biologie de la Reproduction CECOS, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Université Paris Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France;
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Gaël Cordier
- INSERM, 3PHM, UMR-S1139, F-75006 Paris, France
- PremUp Foundation, F-75014 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Université Paris-Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-145374441; Fax: +33-45374366
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Almarghalani DA, Boddu SHS, Ali M, Kondaka A, Ta D, Shah RA, Shah ZA. Small interfering RNAs based therapies for intracerebral hemorrhage: challenges and progress in drug delivery systems. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1717-1725. [PMID: 35017419 PMCID: PMC8820693 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke associated with higher rates of mortality. Currently, no effective drug treatment is available for ICH. The molecular pathways following ICH are complicated and diverse. Nucleic acid therapeutics such as gene knockdown by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been developed in recent years to modulate ICH’s destructive pathways and mitigate its outcomes. However, siRNAs delivery to the central nervous system is challenging and faces many roadblocks. Existing barriers to systemic delivery of siRNA limit the use of naked siRNA; therefore, siRNA-vectors developed to protect and deliver these therapies into the specific-target areas of the brain, or cell types seem quite promising. Efficient delivery of siRNA via nanoparticles emerged as a viable and effective alternative therapeutic tool for central nervous system-related diseases. This review discusses the obstacles to siRNA delivery, including the advantages and disadvantages of viral and nonviral vectors. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in nanotherapeutics areas, primarily focusing on the delivery system of siRNA for ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyah A Almarghalani
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Akhila Kondaka
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Devin Ta
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Rayyan A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Divergent roles of haptoglobin and hemopexin deficiency for disease progression of Shiga-toxin-induced hemolytic-uremic syndrome in mice. Kidney Int 2022; 101:1171-1185. [PMID: 35031328 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thrombotic microangiopathy, hemolysis and acute kidney injury are typical clinical characteristics of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), which is predominantly caused by Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Free heme aggravates organ damage in life-threatening infections, even with a low degree of systemic hemolysis. Therefore, we hypothesized that the presence of the hemoglobin- and the heme-scavenging proteins, haptoglobin and hemopexin, respectively impacts outcome and kidney pathology in HUS. Here, we investigated the effect of haptoglobin and hemopexin deficiency (haptoglobin-/-, hemopexin-/-) and haptoglobin treatment in a murine model of HUS-like disease. Seven-day survival was decreased in haptoglobin-/- (25%) compared to wild type mice (71.4%), whereas all hemopexin-/- mice survived. Shiga-toxin-challenged hemopexin-/- mice showed decreased kidney inflammation and attenuated thrombotic microangiopathy, indicated by reduced neutrophil recruitment and platelet deposition. These observations were associated with supranormal haptoglobin plasma levels in hemopexin-/- mice. Low dose haptoglobin administration to Shiga-toxin-challenged wild type mice attenuated kidney platelet deposition and neutrophil recruitment, suggesting that haptoglobin at least partially contributes to the beneficial effects. Surrogate parameters of hemolysis were elevated in Shiga-toxin-challenged wild type and haptoglobin-/- mice, while signs for hepatic hemoglobin degradation like heme oxygenase-1, ferritin and CD163 expression were only increased in Shiga-toxin-challenged wild type mice. In line with this observation, haptoglobin-/- mice displayed tubular iron deposition as an indicator for kidney hemoglobin degradation. Thus, haptoglobin and hemopexin deficiency play divergent roles in Shiga-toxin-mediated HUS, suggesting haptoglobin is involved, and hemopexin is redundant for the resolution of HUS pathology.
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