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Umapathy A, Clark A, Sehgal A, Karanam V, Rajaraman G, Kalionis B, Jones H, James J, Murthi P. Molecular regulators of defective placental and cardiovascular development in fetal growth restriction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:761-775. [PMID: 38904187 PMCID: PMC11193155 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Placental insufficiency is one of the major causes of fetal growth restriction (FGR), a significant pregnancy disorder in which the fetus fails to achieve its full growth potential in utero. As well as the acute consequences of being born too small, affected offspring are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and other chronic diseases in later life. The placenta and heart develop concurrently, therefore placental maldevelopment and function in FGR may have profound effect on the growth and differentiation of many organ systems, including the heart. Hence, understanding the key molecular players that are synergistically linked in the development of the placenta and heart is critical. This review highlights the key growth factors, angiogenic molecules and transcription factors that are common causes of defective placental and cardiovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandita Umapathy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alys Clark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Bioengineering Institute, New Zealand
| | - Arvind Sehgal
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia and Monash Newborn, Monash Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vijaya Karanam
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne and Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gayathri Rajaraman
- First year college, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne and Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen N. Jones
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Jo James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Bioengineering Institute, New Zealand
| | - Padma Murthi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne and Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Jäger R, Geyer SH, Kavirayani A, Kiss MG, Waltenberger E, Rülicke T, Binder CJ, Weninger WJ, Kralovics R. Effects of Tulp4 deficiency on murine embryonic development and adult phenotype. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:854-866. [PMID: 38115643 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models have the potential to unravel fundamental biological processes and provide mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of human diseases. We have previously observed that germline genetic variation at the TULP4 locus influences clinical characteristics in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. To elucidate the role of TULP4 in pathological and physiological processes in vivo, we generated a Tulp4 knockout mouse model. Systemic Tulp4 deficiency exerted a strong impact on embryonic development in both Tulp4 homozygous null (Tulp4-/-) and heterozygous (Tulp4+/-) knockout mice, the former exhibiting perinatal lethality. High-resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM) of day 14.5 embryos allowed for the identification of multiple developmental defects in Tulp4-/- mice, including severe heart defects. Moreover, in Tulp4+/- embryos HREM revealed abnormalities of several organ systems, which per se do not affect prenatal or postnatal survival. In adult Tulp4+/- mice, extensive examinations of hematopoietic and cardiovascular features, involving histopathological surveys of multiple tissues as well as blood counts and immunophenotyping, did not provide evidence for anomalies as observed in corresponding embryos. Finally, evaluating a potential obesity-related phenotype as reported for other TULP family members revealed a trend for increased body weight of Tulp4+/- mice. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: To study the role of the TULP4 gene in vivo, we generated a Tulp4 knockout mouse model. Correlative analyses involving HREM revealed a strong impact of Tulp4 deficiency on murine embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Jäger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan H Geyer
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Imaging Cluster, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anoop Kavirayani
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH, Austrian BioImaging/CMI, Vienna, Austria
| | - Máté G Kiss
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Waltenberger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang J Weninger
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Imaging Cluster, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Kralovics
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Karahoda R, Vachalova V, Portillo R, Mahrla F, Viñas-Noguera M, Abad C, Staud F. Developmental expression of catecholamine system in the human placenta and rat fetoplacental unit. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6948. [PMID: 38521816 PMCID: PMC10960862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Catecholamines norepinephrine and dopamine have been implicated in numerous physiological processes within the central nervous system. Emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of tightly regulated monoamine levels for placental functions and fetal development. However, the complexities of synthesis, release, and regulation of catecholamines in the fetoplacental unit have not been fully unraveled. In this study, we investigated the expression of enzymes and transporters involved in synthesis, degradation, and transport of norepinephrine and dopamine in the human placenta and rat fetoplacental unit. Quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses were performed in early-to-late gestation in humans (first trimester vs. term placenta) and mid-to-late gestation in rats (placenta and fetal brain, intestines, liver, lungs, and heart). In addition, we analyzed the gene expression patterns in isolated primary trophoblast cells from the human placenta and placenta-derived cell lines (HRP-1, BeWo, JEG-3). In both human and rat placentas, the study identifies the presence of only PNMT, COMT, and NET at the mRNA and protein levels, with the expression of PNMT and NET showing gestational age dependency. On the other hand, rat fetal tissues consistently express the catecholamine pathway genes, revealing distinct developmental expression patterns. Lastly, we report significant transcriptional profile variations in different placental cell models, emphasizing the importance of careful model selection for catecholamine metabolism/transport studies. Collectively, integrating findings from humans and rats enhances our understanding of the dynamic regulatory mechanisms that underlie catecholamine dynamics during pregnancy. We identified similar patterns in both species across gestation, suggesting conserved molecular mechanisms and potentially shedding light on shared biological processes influencing placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vachalova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ramon Portillo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Mahrla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mireia Viñas-Noguera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cilia Abad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Lee JG, Yon JM, Kim G, Lee SG, Kim CY, Cheong SA, Kim HY, Yu J, Kim K, Sung YH, Yoo HJ, Woo DC, Rho JK, Ha CH, Pack CG, Oh SH, Lim JS, Han YM, Hong EJ, Seong JK, Lee HW, Lee SW, Lee KU, Kim CJ, Nam SY, Cho YS, Baek IJ. PIBF1 regulates trophoblast syncytialization and promotes cardiovascular development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1487. [PMID: 38374152 PMCID: PMC10876648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Proper placental development in early pregnancy ensures a positive outcome later on. The developmental relationship between the placenta and embryonic organs, such as the heart, is crucial for a normal pregnancy. However, the mechanism through which the placenta influences the development of embryonic organs remains unclear. Trophoblasts fuse to form multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts (SynT), which primarily make up the placental materno-fetal interface. We discovered that endogenous progesterone immunomodulatory binding factor 1 (PIBF1) is vital for trophoblast differentiation and fusion into SynT in humans and mice. PIBF1 facilitates communication between SynT and adjacent vascular cells, promoting vascular network development in the primary placenta. This process affected the early development of the embryonic cardiovascular system in mice. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that PIBF1 promotes the development of cardiovascular characteristics in heart organoids. Our findings show how SynTs organize the barrier and imply their possible roles in supporting embryogenesis, including cardiovascular development. SynT-derived factors and SynT within the placenta may play critical roles in ensuring proper organogenesis of other organs in the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Geol Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science & Toxicology Division, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, 52834, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Yon
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Department of Cell and Genetic Engineering, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Globinna Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Department of Cell and Genetic Engineering, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Seung-A Cheong
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | | | - Jiyoung Yu
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Department of Digital Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Sung
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Department of Cell and Genetic Engineering, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Department of Digital Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Dong-Cheol Woo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Rho
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Ha
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Chan-Gi Pack
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seak Hee Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Joon Seo Lim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Yu Mi Han
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul, 08826, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Lee
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Ki-Up Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Nam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - You Sook Cho
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Department of Cell and Genetic Engineering, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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Rakha S, Mohamed AA, Yussif SM. Placental Histopathologic Findings in the Setting of Prenatally Diagnosed Major Congenital Heart Disease. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2023; 42:922-935. [PMID: 37817745 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2266489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Studies suggest an association between placenta and congenital heart disease (CHD). We evaluated placental pathologies associated with major CHD. Methods: A prospective study included fetuses with major CHD, identified by fetal echocardiography. Fetal Doppler of umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and placental histopathology were assessed. Outcome was measured by mortality at one month of age. Results: 21 cases were analyzed. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome was the commonest lesion (23.8%). Significant differences were detected among categories regarding MCA systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio & pulsatility index (p = 0.023; 0.036), respectively. Placental histopathologies were demonstrated in 18(85.7%), predominately involved fetal malperfusion lesions 16/21(76.2%), especially chorangiosis (33.3%). No significant association was detected between placental histopathological abnormalities and Doppler parameter, diagnostic category, or mortality. Conclusion: The high prevalence of abnormal placental histopathological findings in major fetal CHD provides additional evidence of placental-cardiac interlinkage. No association was detected between abnormal placental histopathology and fetal Doppler measurements or neonatal outcome of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Rakha
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Alhussein Ahmed Mohamed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M Yussif
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Rabaglino MB, Sánchez JM, McDonald M, O’Callaghan E, Lonergan P. Maternal blood transcriptome as a sensor of fetal organ maturation at the end of organogenesis in cattle†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:749-758. [PMID: 37658765 PMCID: PMC10651065 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Harnessing information from the maternal blood to predict fetal growth is attractive yet scarcely explored in livestock. The objectives were to determine the transcriptomic modifications in maternal blood and fetal liver, gonads, and heart according to fetal weight and to model a molecular signature based on the fetal organs allowing the prediction of fetal weight from the maternal blood transcriptome in cattle. In addition to a contemporaneous maternal blood sample, organ samples were collected from 10 male fetuses at 42 days of gestation for RNA-sequencing. Fetal weight ranged from 1.25 to 1.69 g (mean = 1.44 ± 0.15 g). Clustering data analysis revealed clusters of co-expressed genes positively correlated with fetal weight and enriching ontological terms biologically relevant for the organ. For the heart, the 1346 co-expressed genes were involved in energy generation and protein synthesis. For the gonads, the 1042 co-expressed genes enriched seminiferous tubule development. The 459 co-expressed genes identified in the liver were associated with lipid synthesis and metabolism. Finally, the cluster of 571 co-expressed genes determined in maternal blood enriched oxidative phosphorylation and thermogenesis. Next, data from the fetal organs were used to train a regression model of fetal weight, which was predicted with the maternal blood data. The best prediction was achieved when the model was trained with 35 co-expressed genes overlapping between heart and maternal blood (root-mean-square error = 0.04, R2 = 0.93). In conclusion, linking transcriptomic information from maternal blood with that from the fetal heart unveiled maternal blood as a predictor of fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Belen Rabaglino
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - José María Sánchez
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael McDonald
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Elena O’Callaghan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Pat Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Mahadevan A, Tipler A, Jones H. Shared developmental pathways of the placenta and fetal heart. Placenta 2023; 141:35-42. [PMID: 36604258 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) remain the most common class of birth defect worldwide, affecting 1 in every 110 live births. A host of clinical and morphological indicators of placental dysfunction are observed in pregnancies complicated by fetal CHD and, with the recent emergence of single-cell sequencing capabilities, the molecular and physiological associations between the embryonic heart and developing placenta are increasingly evident. In CHD pregnancies, a hostile intrauterine environment may negatively influence and alter fetal development. Placental maldevelopment and dysfunction creates this hostile in-utero environment and may manifest in the development of various subtypes of CHD, with downstream perfusion and flow-related alterations leading to yet further disruption in placental structure and function. The adverse in-utero environment of CHD-complicated pregnancies is well studied, however the specific etiological role that the placenta plays in CHD development remains unclear. Many mouse and rat models have been used to characterize the relationship between CHD and placental dysfunction, but these paradigms present substantial limitations in the assessment of both the heart and placenta. Improvements in non-invasive placental assessment can mitigate these limitations and drive human-specific investigation in relation to fetal and placental development. Here, we review the clinical, structural, and molecular relationships between CHD and placental dysfunction, the CHD subtype-dependence of these changes, and the future of Placenta-Heart axis modeling and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Mahadevan
- Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, USA; Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, University of Florida, USA
| | - Alyssa Tipler
- Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, USA; Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, University of Florida, USA
| | - Helen Jones
- Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, USA; Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, University of Florida, USA.
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Bragança J, Pinto R, Silva B, Marques N, Leitão HS, Fernandes MT. Charting the Path: Navigating Embryonic Development to Potentially Safeguard against Congenital Heart Defects. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1263. [PMID: 37623513 PMCID: PMC10455635 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are structural or functional defects present at birth due to improper heart development. Current therapeutic approaches to treating severe CHDs are primarily palliative surgical interventions during the peri- or prenatal stages, when the heart has fully developed from faulty embryogenesis. However, earlier interventions during embryonic development have the potential for better outcomes, as demonstrated by fetal cardiac interventions performed in utero, which have shown improved neonatal and prenatal survival rates, as well as reduced lifelong morbidity. Extensive research on heart development has identified key steps, cellular players, and the intricate network of signaling pathways and transcription factors governing cardiogenesis. Additionally, some reports have indicated that certain adverse genetic and environmental conditions leading to heart malformations and embryonic death may be amendable through the activation of alternative mechanisms. This review first highlights key molecular and cellular processes involved in heart development. Subsequently, it explores the potential for future therapeutic strategies, targeting early embryonic stages, to prevent CHDs, through the delivery of biomolecules or exosomes to compensate for faulty cardiogenic mechanisms. Implementing such non-surgical interventions during early gestation may offer a prophylactic approach toward reducing the occurrence and severity of CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rute Pinto
- Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Nuno Marques
- Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Helena S. Leitão
- Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Mónica T. Fernandes
- Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- School of Health, University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Kelly A, Chan J, Powell TL, Cox LA, Jansson T, Rosario FJ. Maternal obesity alters the placental transcriptome in a fetal sex-dependent manner. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1178533. [PMID: 37397247 PMCID: PMC10309565 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1178533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants born to obese mothers have an increased risk of developing obesity and metabolic diseases in childhood and adulthood. Although the molecular mechanisms linking maternal obesity during pregnancy to the development of metabolic diseases in offspring are poorly understood, evidence suggests that changes in the placental function may play a role. Using a mouse model of diet-induced obesity with fetal overgrowth, we performed RNA-seq analysis at embryonic day 18.5 to identify genes differentially expressed in the placentas of obese and normal-weight dams (controls). In male placentas, 511 genes were upregulated and 791 genes were downregulated in response to maternal obesity. In female placentas, 722 genes were downregulated and 474 genes were upregulated in response to maternal obesity. The top canonical pathway downregulated in maternal obesity in male placentas was oxidative phosphorylation. In contrast, sirtuin signaling, NF-kB signaling, phosphatidylinositol, and fatty acid degradation were upregulated. In female placentas, the top canonical pathways downregulated in maternal obesity were triacylglycerol biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and endocytosis. In contrast, bone morphogenetic protein, TNF, and MAPK signaling were upregulated in the female placentas of the obese group. In agreement with RNA-seq data, the expression of proteins associated with oxidative phosphorylation was downregulated in male but not female placentas of obese mice. Similarly, sex-specific changes in the protein expression of mitochondrial complexes were found in placentas collected from obese women delivering large-for-gestational-age (LGA) babies. In conclusion, maternal obesity with fetal overgrowth differentially regulates the placental transcriptome in male and female placentas, including genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Kelly
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeannie Chan
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Theresa L. Powell
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Laura A. Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Fredrick J. Rosario
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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10
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Carver AJ, Taylor RJ, Stevens HE. Mouse In Vivo Placental Targeted CRISPR Manipulation. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/64760. [PMID: 37125793 PMCID: PMC10664715 DOI: 10.3791/64760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is an essential organ that regulates and maintains mammalian development in utero. The placenta is responsible for the transfer of nutrients and waste between the mother and fetus and the production and delivery of growth factors and hormones. Placental genetic manipulations in mice are critical for understanding the placenta's specific role in prenatal development. Placental-specific Cre-expressing transgenic mice have varying effectiveness, and other methods for placental gene manipulation can be useful alternatives. This paper describes a technique to directly alter placental gene expression using CRISPR gene manipulation, which can be used to modify the expression of targeted genes. Using a relatively advanced surgical approach, pregnant dams undergo a laparotomy on embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5), and a CRISPR plasmid is delivered by a glass micropipette into the individual placentas. The plasmid is immediately electroporated after each injection. After dam recovery, the placentas and embryos can continue development until assessment at a later time point. The evaluation of the placenta and offspring after the use of this technique can determine the role of time-specific placental function in development. This type of manipulation will allow for a better understanding of how placental genetics and function impact fetal growth and development in multiple disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie J Carver
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa; Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Robert J Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Hanna E Stevens
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa; Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa; Hawk-IDDRC, University of Iowa;
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11
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de la Pompa JL. Don't Break the Axis: Placental Inflammation Leads to Congenital Heart Disease. Circulation 2023; 147:973-976. [PMID: 36944033 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.063657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain. Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Radford BN, Zhao X, Glazer T, Eaton M, Blackwell D, Mohammad S, Lo Vercio LD, Devine J, Shalom-Barak T, Hallgrimsson B, Cross JC, Sucov HM, Barak Y, Dean W, Hemberger M. Defects in placental syncytiotrophoblast cells are a common cause of developmental heart disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1174. [PMID: 36859534 PMCID: PMC9978031 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental abnormalities have been sporadically implicated as a source of developmental heart defects. Yet it remains unknown how often the placenta is at the root of congenital heart defects (CHDs), and what the cellular mechanisms are that underpin this connection. Here, we selected three mouse mutant lines, Atp11a, Smg9 and Ssr2, that presented with placental and heart defects in a recent phenotyping screen, resulting in embryonic lethality. To dissect phenotype causality, we generated embryo- and trophoblast-specific conditional knockouts for each of these lines. This was facilitated by the establishment of a new transgenic mouse, Sox2-Flp, that enables the efficient generation of trophoblast-specific conditional knockouts. We demonstrate a strictly trophoblast-driven cause of the CHD and embryonic lethality in one of the three lines (Atp11a) and a significant contribution of the placenta to the embryonic phenotypes in another line (Smg9). Importantly, our data reveal defects in the maternal blood-facing syncytiotrophoblast layer as a shared pathology in placentally induced CHD models. This study highlights the placenta as a significant source of developmental heart disorders, insights that will transform our understanding of the vast number of unexplained congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany N Radford
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tali Glazer
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Malcolm Eaton
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Danielle Blackwell
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shuhiba Mohammad
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Lucas Daniel Lo Vercio
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jay Devine
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tali Shalom-Barak
- Magee-Women's Research Institute, Dept. of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Benedikt Hallgrimsson
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - James C Cross
- Dept. of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Henry M Sucov
- Dept. of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Division of Cardiology, Dept. of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC, 29403, USA
| | - Yaacov Barak
- Magee-Women's Research Institute, Dept. of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Wendy Dean
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Myriam Hemberger
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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13
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Association between placental DNA methylation and fetal congenital heart disease. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:243-251. [PMID: 36396788 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a worldwide problem with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of congenital heart disease is still a challenge in clinical work. In recent years, few studies indicated that placental methylation may be predictors of CHD. More studies are needed to confirm the association between placental methylation and CHD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between prenatal placental DNA methylation and CHD. Placental tissues were obtained from four fetuses during the second trimester with isolated, non-syndromic congenital heart disease, including three cases with double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and one case with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and four unaffected fetuses as controls. The Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 850K BeadChip assay was employed to identify differential methylation sites (DMSs) and differential methylation regions (DMRs). Differential methylation was evaluated by comparing the β-values for individual CpG loci in cases vs. controls. In addition, the function of genes was assessed through KEGG enrichment analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. Compared with the control group, we identified 9625 differential methylation genes on 26,202 DMSs (p < 0.05), of which 6997 were hyper-methylation and 2628 were hypo-methylation. The top 30 terms of GO biological process and KEGG enrichment analysis of DMSs were connected with multiple important pathways of heart development and disease. Ten differentially methylated regions and the genes related to DMRs, such as TLL1, CRABP1, FDFT1, and PCK2, were identified. The deformity caused by the loss of function of these genes is remarkably consistent with the clinical phenotype of our cases. The DNA methylation level of placental tissue is closely associated with fetal congenital heart disease.
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14
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Cell-free DNA in maternal blood and artificial intelligence: accurate prenatal detection of fetal congenital heart defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 228:76.e1-76.e10. [PMID: 35948071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA cytosine nucleotide methylation (epigenomics and epigenetics) is an important mechanism for controlling gene expression in cardiac development. Combined artificial intelligence and whole-genome epigenomic analysis of circulating cell-free DNA in maternal blood has the potential for the detection of fetal congenital heart defects. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to use genome-wide DNA cytosine methylation and artificial intelligence analyses of circulating cell-free DNA for the minimally invasive detection of fetal congenital heart defects. STUDY DESIGN In this prospective study, whole-genome cytosine nucleotide methylation analysis was performed on circulating cell-free DNA using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array. Multiple artificial intelligence approaches were evaluated for the detection of congenital hearts. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis program was used to identify gene pathways that were epigenetically altered and important in congenital heart defect pathogenesis to further elucidate the pathogenesis of isolated congenital heart defects. RESULTS There were 12 cases of isolated nonsyndromic congenital heart defects and 26 matched controls. A total of 5918 cytosine nucleotides involving 4976 genes had significantly altered methylation, that is, a P value of <.05 along with ≥5% whole-genome cytosine nucleotide methylation difference, in congenital heart defect cases vs controls. Artificial intelligence analysis of the methylation data achieved excellent congenital heart defect predictive accuracy (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve, ≥0.92). For example, an artificial intelligence model using a combination of 5 whole-genome cytosine nucleotide markers achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.87-1.0) with 98% sensitivity and 94% specificity. We found epigenetic changes in genes and gene pathways involved in the following important cardiac developmental processes: "cardiovascular system development and function," "cardiac hypertrophy," "congenital heart anomaly," and "cardiovascular disease." This lends biologic plausibility to our findings. CONCLUSION This study reported the feasibility of minimally invasive detection of fetal congenital heart defect using artificial intelligence and DNA methylation analysis of circulating cell-free DNA for the prediction of fetal congenital heart defect. Furthermore, the findings supported an important role of epigenetic changes in congenital heart defect development.
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15
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Workalemahu T, Dalton S, Allshouse A, Carey AZ, Page JM, Blue NR, Thorsten V, Goldenberg RL, Pinar H, Reddy UM, Silver RM. Copy number variants and placental abnormalities in stillborn fetuses: A secondary analysis of the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network study. BJOG 2022; 129:2125-2131. [PMID: 35876766 PMCID: PMC9643668 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of fetal/placental DNA copy number variants (CNVs) with pathologic placental lesions (PPLs) in pregnancies complicated by stillbirth. DESIGN A secondary analysis of stillbirth cases in the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network case-control study. SETTING Multicenter, 59 hospitals in five geographical regions in the USA. POPULATION 387 stillbirth cases (2006-2008). METHODS Using standard definitions, PPLs were categorised by type including maternal vascular, fetal vascular, inflammatory and immune/idiopathic lesions. Single-nucleotide polymorphism array detected CNVs of at least 500 kb. CNVs were classified into two groups: normal, defined as no CNV >500 kb or benign CNVs, and abnormal, defined as pathogenic or variants of unknown clinical significance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The proportions of abnormal CNVs and normal CNVs compared between stillbirth cases with and without PPLs using the Wald Chi-square test. RESULTS Of 387 stillborn fetuses, 327 (84.5%) had maternal vascular PPLs and 60 (15.6%) had abnormal CNVs. Maternal vascular PPLs were more common in stillborn fetuses with abnormal CNVs than in those with normal CNVs (81.7% versus 64.2%; P = 0.008). The proportions of fetal vascular, maternal/fetal inflammatory and immune/idiopathic PPLs were similar among stillborn fetuses with abnormal CNVs and those with normal CNVs. Pathogenic CNVs in stillborn fetuses with maternal vascular PPLs spanned several known genes. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal placental/fetal CNVs were associated with maternal vascular PPLs in stillbirth cases. The findings may provide insight into the mechanisms of specific genetic abnormalities associated with placental dysfunction and stillbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jessica M. Page
- University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Vanessa Thorsten
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | | | - Halit Pinar
- Division of Perinatal Pathology, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - Uma M. Reddy
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Robert M. Silver
- University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT
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16
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Chang S, Fulmer D, Hur SK, Thorvaldsen JL, Li L, Lan Y, Rhon-Calderon EA, Leu NA, Chen X, Epstein JA, Bartolomei MS. Dysregulated H19/Igf2 expression disrupts cardiac-placental axis during development of Silver-Russell syndrome-like mouse models. eLife 2022; 11:e78754. [PMID: 36441651 PMCID: PMC9704805 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the imprinted H19/IGF2 locus can lead to Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) in humans. However, the mechanism of how abnormal H19/IGF2 expression contributes to various SRS phenotypes remains unclear, largely due to incomplete understanding of the developmental functions of these two genes. We previously generated a mouse model with humanized H19/IGF2 imprinting control region (hIC1) on the paternal allele that exhibited H19/Igf2 dysregulation together with SRS-like growth restriction and perinatal lethality. Here, we dissect the role of H19 and Igf2 in cardiac and placental development utilizing multiple mouse models with varying levels of H19 and Igf2. We report severe cardiac defects such as ventricular septal defects and thinned myocardium, placental anomalies including thrombosis and vascular malformations, together with growth restriction in mouse embryos that correlated with the extent of H19/Igf2 dysregulation. Transcriptomic analysis using cardiac endothelial cells of these mouse models shows that H19/Igf2 dysregulation disrupts pathways related to extracellular matrix and proliferation of endothelial cells. Our work links the heart and placenta through regulation by H19 and Igf2, demonstrating that accurate dosage of both H19 and Igf2 is critical for normal embryonic development, especially related to the cardiac-placental axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhee Chang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Diana Fulmer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Stella K Hur
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Joanne L Thorvaldsen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Yemin Lan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Eric A Rhon-Calderon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Nicolae Adrian Leu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Marisa S Bartolomei
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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Segar DE, Zhang J, Yan K, Reid A, Frommelt M, Cohen S. The Relationship Between Placental Pathology and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Complex Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Cardiol 2022; 44:1143-1149. [PMID: 36201029 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-022-03018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Complex congenital heart disease (CCHD) is associated with impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes. Peri- and post-operative factors are known contributors while the impact of the prenatal environment is not yet delineated. Variations in fetal circulation, seen in transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and single ventricular physiology (SVP), are associated with placenta abnormalities. These abnormalities may be associated with placental insufficiency, a risk factor for poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. We hypothesized there is a correlation between placental pathology and impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with CCHD. We performed a single center retrospective cohort study with patients with TGA and SVP from 2010 to 2017 at Children's Wisconsin. Patient variables were obtained from the medical record. Bayley Scales of Infant Development Third Edition standard scores for cognitive, motor, and language performance were collected from neurodevelopmental visits. Placenta pathology reports were reviewed with tabulation of predetermined anatomical and pathological characteristics. We identified 79 patients in our cohort and 61 (77.2%) had abnormal placentas. There was no significant difference between the two groups in any demographic or clinical variables. For cognitive and motor performance, without adjusting for the covariates, infants with placental abnormalities had significantly lower scores compared to infants without (p = 0.026, p = 0.045 respectively). Conversely, there was no significant difference in language scores between the two groups (p = 0.12). Placenta abnormalities are common in patients with CCHD, and placenta abnormalities are associated with impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes. These results underscore the complex causal pathways of neurodevelopmental impairment in infants with CCHD and offer opportunities for targeted postnatal developmental interventions after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Segar
- , 8915 W Connell Ct, Milwaukee, WI, 53226-3067, USA.
| | - Jian Zhang
- , 8915 W Connell Ct, Milwaukee, WI, 53226-3067, USA
| | - Ke Yan
- , 8915 W Connell Ct, Milwaukee, WI, 53226-3067, USA
| | - Aidan Reid
- , 8915 W Connell Ct, Milwaukee, WI, 53226-3067, USA
| | | | - Susan Cohen
- , 8915 W Connell Ct, Milwaukee, WI, 53226-3067, USA
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18
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Micro-RNAs in Human Placenta: Tiny Molecules, Immense Power. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185943. [PMID: 36144676 PMCID: PMC9501247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding single-stranded RNAs that modulate the expression of various target genes after transcription. The expression and distribution of kinds of miRNAs have been characterized in human placenta during different gestational stages. The identified miRNAs are recognized as key mediators in the regulation of placental development and in the maintenance of human pregnancy. Aberrant expression of miRNAs is associated with compromised pregnancies in humans, and dysregulation of those miRNAs contributes to the occurrence and development of related diseases during pregnancy, such as pre-eclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), recurrent miscarriage, preterm birth (PTB) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA). Thus, having a better understanding of the expression and functions of miRNAs in human placenta during pregnancy and thereby developing novel drugs targeting the miRNAs could be a potentially promising method in the prevention and treatment of relevant diseases in future. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the expression pattern and function regulation of miRNAs in human placental development and related diseases.
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Analysis of commonly expressed genes between first trimester fetal heart and placenta cell types in the context of congenital heart disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10756. [PMID: 35750800 PMCID: PMC9232495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is often associated with fetal growth abnormalities. During the first trimester of pregnancy, the heart and placenta develop concurrently, and share key developmental pathways. It is hypothesized that defective morphogenesis of either organ is synergistically linked. However, many studies determined to understand the mechanisms behind CHD overlook the contribution of the placenta. In this study, we aimed to identify commonly expressed genes between first trimester heart and placenta cells using two publicly available single cell sequencing databases. Using a systematic computational approach, we identified 328 commonly expressed genes between heart and placenta endothelial cells and enrichment in pathways including Vasculature Development (GO:0001944, FDR 2.90E−30), and Angiogenesis (GO:0001525, FDR 1.18E−27). We also found, in comparison with fetal heart endothelial cells, 197 commonly expressed genes with placenta extravillous trophoblasts, 128 with cytotrophoblasts and 80 with syncytiotrophoblasts, and included genes such as FLT1, GATA2, ENG and CDH5. Finally, comparison of first trimester cardiomyocytes and placenta cytotrophoblasts revealed 53 commonly expressed genes and enrichment in biological processes integral to cellular function including Cellular Respiration (GO:0045333; FDR 5.05E−08), Ion Transport (GO:0006811; FDR 2.08E−02), and Oxidation–Reduction Process (GO:0055114; FDR 1.58E−07). Overall, our results identify specific genes and cellular pathways common between first trimester fetal heart and placenta cells which if disrupted may concurrently contribute to the developmental perturbations resulting in CHD.
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20
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Linglart L, Bonnet D. Epigenetics and Congenital Heart Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9060185. [PMID: 35735814 PMCID: PMC9225036 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9060185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a frequent occurrence, with a prevalence rate of almost 1% in the general population. However, the pathophysiology of the anomalous heart development is still unclear in most patients screened. A definitive genetic origin, be it single-point mutation or larger chromosomal disruptions, only explains about 35% of identified cases. The precisely choreographed embryology of the heart relies on timed activation of developmental molecular cascades, spatially and temporally regulated through epigenetic regulation: chromatin conformation, DNA priming through methylation patterns, and spatial accessibility to transcription factors. This multi-level regulatory network is eminently susceptible to outside disruption, resulting in faulty cardiac development. Similarly, the heart is unique in its dynamic development: growth is intrinsically related to mechanical stimulation, and disruption of the intrauterine environment will have a direct impact on fetal embryology. These two converging axes offer new areas of research to characterize the cardiac epigenetic regulation and identify points of fragility in order to counteract its teratogenic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Linglart
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Damien Bonnet
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France;
- School of Medicine, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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21
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Liu J, Wu Y, Sun H, Liu X, Gu X, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Han J, He Y. Placental DNA Methylation Abnormalities in Prenatal Conotruncal Heart Defects. Front Genet 2022; 13:878063. [PMID: 35646082 PMCID: PMC9139681 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.878063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to characterize the abnormal changes in placental DNA methylation associated with conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) and the level of methylation as epigenetic biomarkers for CTDs detection. Methods: This was a prospective study involving 28 fetuses diagnosed with CTDs in the second trimester at Beijing Anzhen Hospital between September 2020 and June 2021. These cases were classified into four groups based on their subtypes. 12 normal fetuses were used as controls. Placental tissue was obtained after inducing labor in fetuses. To identify differential methylation sites (DMSs) and regions (DMRs) in cases vs. controls, an Infinium Human Methylation 850 k bead chip was used. Differential methylation was assessed by comparing the β-values for individual CpG loci. Based on the p-value (<0.05), the most discriminating CpG sites were identified. The area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve (AUC) was used to determine the predictive accuracy of CpG loci with significant methylation changes for CTDs. The function of genes was assessed through KEGG enrichment analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and KEGG pathway analysis. Results: In comparison to the control group, the DNA methylation of the placental tissue is significantly different in fetuses with CTDs. We identified the most significantly different methylated loci and they demonstrated excellent individual predictive accuracy for CTDs detection with AUC >0.9 in cases compared with controls. HOXD9, CNN1, NOTCH1, and ECE1 were identified as CTDs-detection candidate genes. Conclusion Our study established the abnormal changes in placental methylation associated with CTDs and potential epigenetic biomarkers for CTDs detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuduo Wu
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hairui Sun
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gu
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiancheng Han
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua He
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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22
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Kalisch-Smith JI, Morris EC, Strevens MAA, Redpath AN, Klaourakis K, Szumska D, Outhwaite JE, Sun X, Vieira JM, Smart N, De Val S, Riley PR, Sparrow DB. Analysis of Placental Arteriovenous Formation Reveals New Insights Into Embryos With Congenital Heart Defects. Front Genet 2022; 12:806136. [PMID: 35126469 PMCID: PMC8809359 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.806136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The placental vasculature provides the developing embryo with a circulation to deliver nutrients and dispose of waste products. However, in the mouse, the vascular components of the chorio-allantoic placenta have been largely unexplored due to a lack of well-validated molecular markers. This is required to study how these blood vessels form in development and how they are impacted by embryonic or maternal defects. Here, we employed marker analysis to characterize the arterial/arteriole and venous/venule endothelial cells (ECs) during normal mouse placental development. We reveal that placental ECs are potentially unique compared with their embryonic counterparts. We assessed embryonic markers of arterial ECs, venous ECs, and their capillary counterparts-arteriole and venule ECs. Major findings were that the arterial tree exclusively expressed Dll4, and venous vascular tree could be distinguished from the arterial tree by Endomucin (EMCN) expression levels. The relationship between the placenta and developing heart is particularly interesting. These two organs form at the same stages of embryogenesis and are well known to affect each other's growth trajectories. However, although there are many mouse models of heart defects, these are not routinely assessed for placental defects. Using these new placental vascular markers, we reveal that mouse embryos from one model of heart defects, caused by maternal iron deficiency, also have defects in the formation of the placental arterial, but not the venous, vascular tree. Defects to the embryonic cardiovascular system can therefore have a significant impact on blood flow delivery and expansion of the placental arterial tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta I. Kalisch-Smith
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emily C. Morris
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mary A. A. Strevens
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andia N. Redpath
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kostantinos Klaourakis
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dorota Szumska
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludvig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xin Sun
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joaquim Miguel Vieira
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Smart
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah De Val
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludvig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Riley
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan B. Sparrow
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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23
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Boyd R, McMullen H, Beqaj H, Kalfa D. Environmental Exposures and Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatrics 2022; 149:183839. [PMID: 34972224 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-052151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital abnormality worldwide, affecting 8 to 12 infants per 1000 births globally and causing >40% of prenatal deaths. However, its causes remain mainly unknown, with only up to 15% of CHD cases having a determined genetic cause. Exploring the complex relationship between genetics and environmental exposures is key in understanding the multifactorial nature of the development of CHD. Multiple population-level association studies have been conducted on maternal environmental exposures and their association with CHD, including evaluating the effect of maternal disease, medication exposure, environmental pollution, and tobacco and alcohol use on the incidence of CHD. However, these studies have been done in a siloed manner, with few examining the interplay between multiple environmental exposures. Here, we broadly and qualitatively review the current literature on maternal and paternal prenatal exposures and their association with CHD. We propose using the framework of the emerging field of the exposome, the environmental complement to the genome, to review all internal and external prenatal environmental exposures and identify potentiating or alleviating synergy between exposures. Finally, we propose mechanistic pathways through which susceptibility to development of CHD may be induced via the totality of prenatal environmental exposures, including the interplay between placental and cardiac development and the internal vasculature and placental morphology in early stages of pregnancy.
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24
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Neuroplacentology in congenital heart disease: placental connections to neurodevelopmental outcomes. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:787-794. [PMID: 33864014 PMCID: PMC9064799 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are living longer due to effective medical and surgical management. However, the majority have neurodevelopmental delays or disorders. The role of the placenta in fetal brain development is unclear and is the focus of an emerging field known as neuroplacentology. In this review, we summarize neurodevelopmental outcomes in CHD and their brain imaging correlates both in utero and postnatally. We review differences in the structure and function of the placenta in pregnancies complicated by fetal CHD and introduce the concept of a placental inefficiency phenotype that occurs in severe forms of fetal CHD, characterized by a myriad of pathologies. We propose that in CHD placental dysfunction contributes to decreased fetal cerebral oxygen delivery resulting in poor brain growth, brain abnormalities, and impaired neurodevelopment. We conclude the review with key areas for future research in neuroplacentology in the fetal CHD population, including (1) differences in structure and function of the CHD placenta, (2) modifiable and nonmodifiable factors that impact the hemodynamic balance between placental and cerebral circulations, (3) interventions to improve placental function and protect brain development in utero, and (4) the role of genetic and epigenetic influences on the placenta-heart-brain connection. IMPACT: Neuroplacentology seeks to understand placental connections to fetal brain development. In fetuses with CHD, brain growth abnormalities begin in utero. Placental microstructure as well as perfusion and function are abnormal in fetal CHD.
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25
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Lee JG, Kim G, Park SG, Yon JM, Yeom J, Song HE, Cheong SA, Lim JS, Sung YH, Kim K, Yoo HJ, Hong EJ, Nam KH, Seong JK, Kim CJ, Nam SY, Baek IJ. Lipid signatures reflect the function of the murine primary placentation. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:583-596. [PMID: 34850819 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta regulates maternal-fetal communication, and its defect leads to significant pregnancy complications. The maternal and embryonic circulations are primitively connected in early placentation, but the function of the placenta during this developmentally essential period is relatively unknown. We thus performed a comparative proteomic analysis of the placenta before and after primary placentation and found that the metabolism and transport of lipids were characteristically activated in this period. The placental fatty acid (FA) carriers in specific placental compartments were upregulated according to gestational age, and metabolomic analysis also showed that the placental transport of FAs increased in a time-dependent manner. Further analysis of two mutant mice models with embryonic lethality revealed that lipid-related signatures could reflect the functional state of the placenta. Our findings highlight the importance of the nutrient transport function of the primary placenta in the early gestational period and the role of lipids in embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Geol Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Globinna Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gi Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Mouse Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongwon-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Yon
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Yeom
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Song
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-A Cheong
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seo Lim
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Sung
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hoan Nam
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Mouse Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongwon-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Nam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Rosario FJ, Pardo S, Michelsen TM, Erickson K, Moore L, Powell TL, Weintraub ST, Jansson T. Characterization of the Primary Human Trophoblast Cell Secretome Using Stable Isotope Labeling With Amino Acids in Cell Culture. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:704781. [PMID: 34595166 PMCID: PMC8476785 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.704781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The placental villus syncytiotrophoblast, the nutrient-transporting and hormone-producing epithelium of the human placenta, is a critical regulator of fetal development and maternal physiology. However, the identities of the proteins synthesized and secreted by primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells remain unknown. Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture followed by mass spectrometry analysis of the conditioned media was used to identify secreted proteins and obtain information about their relative rates of synthesis in syncytialized multinucleated PHT cells isolated from normal term placental villus tissue (n = 4/independent placenta). A total of 1,344 proteins were identified, most of which have not previously been reported to be secreted by the human placenta or trophoblast. The majority of secreted proteins are involved in energy and carbon metabolism, glycolysis, biosynthesis of amino acids, purine metabolism, and fatty acid degradation. Histone family proteins and mitochondrial proteins were among proteins with the slowest synthesis rate whereas proteins associated with signaling and the plasma membrane were synthesized rapidly. There was a significant overlap between the PHT secretome and proteins known be secreted to the fetal circulation by the human placenta in vivo. The generated data will guide future experiments to determine the function of individual secreted proteins and will help us better understand how the placenta controls maternal and fetal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick J Rosario
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sammy Pardo
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Trond M Michelsen
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathryn Erickson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lorna Moore
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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27
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Balasubramanian R, Vuppalapati S, Avanthika C, Jhaveri S, Peddi NC, Ahmed S, Reddy A, Kaur J. Epidemiology, Genetics and Epigenetics of Congenital Heart Diseases in Twins. Cureus 2021; 13:e17253. [PMID: 34540478 PMCID: PMC8448266 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) refer to abnormalities in the heart function that arise at the fetal stages. It is the most common birth defect that affects 0.8% of all liveborn infants. There is an increase in the incidence of congenital heart disease in monochorionic twin gestation. A six-fold increase in CHDs exists among monochorionic twins especially in association with twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) compared to dichorionic twin pregnancy. In this review article, we discussed the epidemiology, the role of genetics like protein-coding genes, epigenetics, placenta, hemodynamics and environmental factors in the etiology of CHD in twins. We conducted a literature search in PubMed indexed journals using the medical terms "twin pregnancy" and "congenital heart defect" to provide an overview of the uptrend in CHD in twin pregnancies, primarily due to assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and multiple other factors. Both the heart and placenta are vascular and share a common development window; therefore, CHD can develop secondary to placental pathologies. Among environmental factors, the strongest association of maternal smoking with CHD has been seen. We studied the causative factors to suggest improvement in echocardiographic skills in case of abnormal findings in twin gestations to decrease the CHD-associated morbidity and mortality, as early diagnosis allows doctors to precisely determine the risk of CHD. Systemic ultrasound scanning with five transverse views is very effective in diagnosing fetal CHD in twin pregnancy. In the case of genetics, prenatal counseling allows the expectant to understand the full ramifications of possible events after the pregnancy. The pathological basis of malformations specific to conjoined twinning and twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence is addressed. Also, there is evidence that folate supplementation may be protective against CHD but more research is needed to clarify the mechanisms. We concluded from the literature that monochorionic twins are at high risk of CHD. Chorionicity seems to play a more vital role than zygosity. Even the type of heart defect in monochorial twin pregnancies was unique from single, dizygotic, or dichorionic twin pregnancies. We also emphasize improving echocardiographic skills of technicians in referring ART dichorionic twin fetuses with suspicious findings to fetal cardiologists and performing postnatal scans in the case of TTTS. To understand the role of the placenta, making use of newer technologies and examining the placenta both during pregnancy and beyond delivery will play a vital role in understanding the etiology. Even identifying early signals impacting the heart and placental vasculature and correcting them using advanced technology could downtrend the incidence in coming years. Increased maternal age as well as multiple pregnancies increasing the risk of CHD has also been implicated. For more clarity on the role of genetics, the cost of DNA sequencing needs to decrease. This will enable whole-genome sequencing in the future thus helping to discover the gene responsible for CHD ultimately proving beneficial for future generations. For environmental factors, we have to rely on observational studies to assess the risk to the unborn child. There is difficulty in studying natural factors due to the unreliability of exposure to contaminants like pesticides and air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sravya Vuppalapati
- Pediatrics, People's Education Society Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, IND
| | | | - Sharan Jhaveri
- Internal Medicine, Smt. Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Nikhil Chowdary Peddi
- Pediatrics, People's Education Society Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, IND
| | - Sana Ahmed
- Internal Medicine, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College, Pune, IND
| | - Apeksha Reddy
- Pediatrics, People's Education Society Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, IND
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28
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Snoep MC, Aliasi M, van der Meeren LE, Jongbloed MRM, DeRuiter MC, Haak MC. Placenta morphology and biomarkers in pregnancies with congenital heart disease - A systematic review. Placenta 2021; 112:189-196. [PMID: 34388551 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.07.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Impaired placentation is an important contributing factor to intra-uterine growth restriction and pre-eclampsia in fetuses with congenital heart defects (CHD). These pregnancy complications occur more frequently in pregnancies with fetal CHD. One of the most important factors influencing the life of children with CHD is neurodevelopmental delay, which seems to start already in utero. Delayed neurodevelopment in utero may be correlated or even (partly) explained by impaired placentation in CHD cases. This systematic review provides an overview of published literature on placental development in pregnancies with fetal CHD. A systematic search was performed and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to access data quality. Primary outcomes were placenta size and weight, vascular and villous architecture, immunohistochemistry, angiogenic biomarkers and/or placental gene expression. A total of 1161 articles were reviewed and 21 studies were included. Studies including CHD with a genetic disorder or syndrome and/or multiple pregnancies were excluded. Lower placental weight and elevated rates of abnormal umbilical cord insertions were found in CHD. Cases with CHD more frequently showed microscopic placental abnormalities (i.e. abnormal villous maturation and increased maternal vascular malperfusion lesions), reduced levels of angiogenic biomarkers and increased levels of anti-angiogenic biomarkers in maternal serum and umbilical cord blood. Altered gene expression involved in placental development and fetal growth were found in maternal serum and CHD placentas. In conclusion, abnormal placentation is found in CHD. More extensive studies are needed to elucidate the contribution of impaired placentation to delayed neurodevelopment in CHD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje C Snoep
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Moska Aliasi
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Monique R M Jongbloed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marco C DeRuiter
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Monique C Haak
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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29
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Ozcan T, Kikano S, Plummer S, Strainic J, Ravishankar S. The Association of Fetal Congenital Cardiac Defects and Placental Vascular Malperfusion. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2021; 24:187-192. [PMID: 33491545 DOI: 10.1177/1093526620986497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abnormal early angiogenesis appears to impact both placental disorders and fetal congenital heart defects (CHD). We sought to assess the association of placental perfusion defects (PPD) and fetal (CHD). METHODS Singleton pregnancies with isolated severe fetal CHD were compared to controls without congenital anomalies or maternal malperfusion (MVM) risk factors. CHD was categorized into group 1: single left ventricle morphology and transposition of the great vessels (TGA) and group 2: single right ventricle and two ventricle morphology. Malperfusion was defined as fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM), MVM, and both FVM and MVM. RESULTS PPD was increased for all CHD (n = 47), CHD with or without risk factors, and CHD groups compared to controls (n = 92). Overall CHD cases and CHD with risk factors had an increased risk of FVM (30% and 80% vs 14%), and MVM (43% and 50% vs 21%), respectively. MVM rates were similar in CHD with and without maternal risk factors. FVM (38% vs 14%) and MVM (44% vs 21%) were increased in Group 1. MVM (42% vs 21%) and both FVM and MVM (16% vs 3%) were increased in Group 2. CONCLUSIONS PPD risk is increased in severe isolated fetal CHD. The highest risk is seen in fetal CHD with maternal risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulin Ozcan
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of OB/GYN, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sandra Kikano
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sarah Plummer
- Divison of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James Strainic
- Divison of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sanjita Ravishankar
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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30
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Shi R, Zhou X, Li Z, Sun W, Zhao L, Yuan L. Maternal obesity increases the risk of fetal cardiac dysfunction via visceral adipose tissue derived exosomes. Placenta 2021; 105:85-93. [PMID: 33556718 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a strong association between gestational obesity and fetal cardiac dysfunction, while the exact mechanisms remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of exosomes from maternal visceral adipose tissue in abnormal embryonic development in obese pregnancy. METHODS Female C57BL/6J obese mice were induced by a high-fat diet (containing 60% fat). Fetal cardiac function and morphology were examined by echocardiography and histology. The placenta was extracted for histological examination. miRNA expression in exosomes from the visceral adipose tissue was profiled by RNA-seq. Gene expression of inflammatory factors was analyzed by qPCR. RESULTS In the obese pregnant mice, there were obvious inflammation and lipid droplets in the placenta. And the fetal cardiac function in obese pregnancy was also compromised. Moreover, injection of the visceral adipose tissue exosomes from the obese mice significantly decreased the fetal cardiac function in the normal lean pregnant mice. Mechanistically, the decreased expression of miR-19b might be responsible for the enhanced inflammation in the placenta. DISCUSSION Exosomes derived from visceral adipose tissue in obese mice contribute to fetal heart dysfunction, at least partially via affecting the function of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunnan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijing Shi
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhelong Li
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Sun
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianbi Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China.
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Vedel C, Rode L, Jørgensen FS, Petersen OB, Sundberg K, Tabor A, Ekelund CK. Prenatally detected isolated ventricular septum defects and the association with chromosomal aberrations-A nationwide register-based study from Denmark. Prenat Diagn 2020; 41:347-353. [PMID: 33085118 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between prenatally detected isolated ventricular septum defects (VSDs) and chromosomal aberrations in a nationwide study in Denmark. METHOD Nationwide, register-based study with prospectively collected data including all singleton pregnancies from 2014-2018. From the Danish Fetal Medicine Database, we retrieved data on maternal characteristics, first-trimester biomarkers, pre- and postnatal diagnoses, genetic test results, and pregnancy outcomes. VSDs were considered isolated in the absence of other malformations or soft markers, and with a low first-trimester risk assessment for trisomies 21, 18 and 13. All cases of an isolated VSD with a chromosomal anomaly were audited. The genetic tests included karyotyping and chromosomal microarray. RESULTS We retrieved data on 292 108 singleton pregnancies; 323 registered with a prenatally detected VSD and 697 with a VSD detected postnatally (incidence of 0.35%). Only 1/153 (0.7%, 95% CI 0.02;3.6%) of the isolated prenatally detected VSDs had an abnormal genetic test result (del (8)(q23.1)). Moreover, they had a lower free β-hCG MoM (0.9 MoM vs 0.99 MoM, P = 0.02), and were more likely born small for gestational age (SGA), defined as birthweight 2 or more SD below the mean, compared with the control population (5.2% vs 2.5%, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION We found a prevalence of chromosomal aberrations of 0.7% in fetuses with a prenatally detected isolated VSD. Moreover, we found an association between isolated VSDs and a larger proportion being born SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Vedel
- Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Rode
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Finn Stener Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Olav Bjørn Petersen
- Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Sundberg
- Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann Tabor
- Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Kvist Ekelund
- Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Joseph S, Walejko JM, Zhang S, Edison AS, Keller-Wood M. Maternal hypercortisolemia alters placental metabolism: a multiomics view. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E950-E960. [PMID: 32954824 PMCID: PMC7790119 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00190.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that increases in maternal cortisol or maternal stress in late pregnancy increase the risk of stillbirth at term. In an ovine model with increased maternal cortisol over the last 0.20 of gestation, we have previously found evidence of disruption of fetal serum and cardiac metabolomics and altered expression of genes related to mitochondrial function and metabolism in biceps femoris, diaphragm, and cardiac muscle. The present studies were designed to test for effects of chronically increased maternal cortisol on gene expression and metabolomics in placentomes near term. We hypothesized that changes in placenta might underlie or contribute to the alterations in fetal serum metabolomics and thereby contribute to changes in striated muscle metabolism. Placentomes were collected from pregnancies in early labor (143 ± 1 days gestation) of control ewes (n = 7) or ewes treated with cortisol (1 mg·kg-1·day-1 iv; n = 5) starting at day 115 of gestation. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed using an ovine gene expression microarray (Agilent 019921) and HR-MAS NMR, respectively. Multiomic analysis indicates that amino acid metabolism, particularly of branched-chain amino acids and glutamate, occur in placenta; changes in amino acid metabolism, degradation, or biosynthesis in placenta were consistent with changes in valine, isoleucine, leucine, and glycine in fetal serum. The analysis also indicates changes in glycerophospholipid metabolism and suggests changes in endoplasmic reticulum stress and antioxidant status in the placenta. These findings suggest that changes in placental function occurring with excess maternal cortisol in late gestation may contribute to metabolic dysfunction at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene Joseph
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jacquelyn M Walejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Sicong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Arthur S Edison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Maureen Keller-Wood
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Abad C, Karahoda R, Kastner P, Portillo R, Horackova H, Kucera R, Nachtigal P, Staud F. Profiling of Tryptophan Metabolic Pathways in the Rat Fetoplacental Unit During Gestation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207578. [PMID: 33066440 PMCID: PMC7589826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental homeostasis of tryptophan is essential for fetal development and programming. The two main metabolic pathways (serotonin and kynurenine) produce bioactive metabolites with immunosuppressive, neurotoxic, or neuroprotective properties and their concentrations in the fetoplacental unit must be tightly regulated throughout gestation. Here, we investigated the expression/function of key enzymes/transporters involved in tryptophan pathways during mid-to-late gestation in rat placenta and fetal organs. Quantitative PCR and heatmap analysis revealed the differential expression of several genes involved in serotonin and kynurenine pathways. To identify the flux of substrates through these pathways, Droplet Digital PCR, western blot, and functional analyses were carried out for the rate-limiting enzymes and transporters. Our findings show that placental tryptophan metabolism to serotonin is crucial in mid-gestation, with a subsequent switch to fetal serotonin synthesis. Concurrently, at term, the close interplay between transporters and metabolizing enzymes of both placenta and fetal organs orchestrates serotonin homeostasis and prevents hyper/hypo-serotonemia. On the other hand, the placental production of kynurenine increases during pregnancy, with a low contribution of fetal organs throughout gestation. Any external insult to this tightly regulated harmony of transporters and enzymes within the fetoplacental unit may affect optimal in utero conditions and have a negative impact on fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cilia Abad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (R.K.); (R.P.); (H.H.)
| | - Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (R.K.); (R.P.); (H.H.)
| | - Petr Kastner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Ramon Portillo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (R.K.); (R.P.); (H.H.)
| | - Hana Horackova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (R.K.); (R.P.); (H.H.)
| | - Radim Kucera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (R.K.); (R.P.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-495-067-407
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34
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Advances in imaging feto-placental vasculature: new tools to elucidate the early life origins of health and disease. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:168-178. [PMID: 32746961 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Optimal placental function is critical for fetal development, and therefore a crucial consideration for understanding the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). The structure of the fetal side of the placental vasculature is an important determinant of fetal growth and cardiovascular development. There are several imaging modalities for assessing feto-placental structure including stereology, electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, micro-computed tomography, light-sheet microscopy, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. In this review, we present current methodologies for imaging feto-placental vasculature morphology ex vivo and in vivo in human and experimental models, their advantages and limitations and how these provide insight into placental function and fetal outcomes. These imaging approaches add important perspective to our understanding of placental biology and have potential to be new tools to elucidate a deeper understanding of DOHaD.
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35
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Steinbach RJ, Haese NN, Smith JL, Colgin LMA, MacAllister RP, Greene JM, Parkins CJ, Kempton JB, Porsov E, Wang X, Renner LM, McGill TJ, Dozier BL, Kreklywich CN, Andoh TF, Grafe MR, Pecoraro HL, Hodge T, Friedman RM, Houser LA, Morgan TK, Stenzel P, Lindner JR, Schelonka RL, Sacha JB, Roberts VHJ, Neuringer M, Brigande JV, Kroenke CD, Frias AE, Lewis AD, Kelleher MA, Hirsch AJ, Streblow DN. A neonatal nonhuman primate model of gestational Zika virus infection with evidence of microencephaly, seizures and cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227676. [PMID: 31935257 PMCID: PMC6959612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus infection during pregnancy is associated with miscarriage and with a broad spectrum of fetal and neonatal developmental abnormalities collectively known as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Symptomology of CZS includes malformations of the brain and skull, neurodevelopmental delay, seizures, joint contractures, hearing loss and visual impairment. Previous studies of Zika virus in pregnant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) have described injury to the developing fetus and pregnancy loss, but neonatal outcomes following fetal Zika virus exposure have yet to be characterized in nonhuman primates. Herein we describe the presentation of rhesus macaque neonates with a spectrum of clinical outcomes, including one infant with CZS-like symptoms including cardiomyopathy, motor delay and seizure activity following maternal infection with Zika virus during the first trimester of pregnancy. Further characterization of this neonatal nonhuman primate model of gestational Zika virus infection will provide opportunities to evaluate the efficacy of pre- and postnatal therapeutics for gestational Zika virus infection and CZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary J. Steinbach
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicole N. Haese
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Smith
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Lois M. A. Colgin
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Pathology Services Unit, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Rhonda P. MacAllister
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Clinical Medicine Unit, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Justin M. Greene
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Parkins
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - J. Beth Kempton
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Edward Porsov
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Lauren M. Renner
- Department of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Trevor J. McGill
- Department of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Brandy L. Dozier
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Clinical Medicine Unit, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Craig N. Kreklywich
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Takeshi F. Andoh
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Marjorie R. Grafe
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Heidi L. Pecoraro
- Veterinary Diagnostic Services Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Travis Hodge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Time Mated Breeding Services Unit, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Friedman
- Department of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Houser
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Behavioral Services Unit, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Terry K. Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Peter Stenzel
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Schelonka
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jonah B. Sacha
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Victoria H. J. Roberts
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Martha Neuringer
- Department of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - John V. Brigande
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Kroenke
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Antonio E. Frias
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Anne D. Lewis
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Pathology Services Unit, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Meredith A. Kelleher
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Alec J. Hirsch
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Daniel Neal Streblow
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
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Obeid R, Holzgreve W, Pietrzik K. Folate supplementation for prevention of congenital heart defects and low birth weight: an update. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2019; 9:S424-S433. [PMID: 31737547 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2019.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Women planning a pregnancy and pregnant women in the first trimester are recommended to use folate-containing supplements in order to prevent neural tube defects. The prevention of many cases of neural tube defects with folic acid is evident from meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies in humans and experimental evidence in animals. However, folate supplementation in pregnant women or a higher maternal folate status has been shown to be protective against other adverse birth outcomes such as congenital heart defects, low birth weight, and preterm birth. Additionally, infants and children with congenital heart defects often show disorders in folate metabolism (low folate, higher homocysteine, or low vitamin B12). Maternal genotype for several folate metabolizing genes has shown associations with the risk of having a child with congenital heart defect. There is some evidence that folate supplementation could have differential effects on sub-types of congenital heart defects, but it is not clear whether the prevention time window is the same as for neural tube defects. Some studies proposed a high dose of folic acid (in mg/d) to prevent congenital heart defects in women with a high global risk (such as those with diabetes or obesity). There are currently no RCTs to support that doses of folic acid in mg range are more effective than the currently recommended 400-800 µg/d taken at least 2-3 months before conception until the end of the first trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Pietrzik
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
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Turk EA, Stout JN, Ha C, Luo J, Gagoski B, Yetisir F, Golland P, Wald LL, Adalsteinsson E, Robinson JN, Roberts DJ, Barth WH, Grant PE. Placental MRI: Developing Accurate Quantitative Measures of Oxygenation. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 28:285-297. [PMID: 31592995 PMCID: PMC7323862 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Human Placenta Project has focused attention on the need for noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based techniques to diagnose and monitor placental function throughout pregnancy. The hope is that the management of placenta-related pathologies would be improved if physicians had more direct, real-time measures of placental health to guide clinical decision making. As oxygen alters signal intensity on MRI and oxygen transport is a key function of the placenta, many of the MRI methods under development are focused on quantifying oxygen transport or oxygen content of the placenta. For example, measurements from blood oxygen level-dependent imaging of the placenta during maternal hyperoxia correspond to outcomes in twin pregnancies, suggesting that some aspects of placental oxygen transport can be monitored by MRI. Additional methods are being developed to accurately quantify baseline placental oxygenation by MRI relaxometry. However, direct validation of placental MRI methods is challenging and therefore animal studies and ex vivo studies of human placentas are needed. Here we provide an overview of the current state of the art of oxygen transport and quantification with MRI. We suggest that as these techniques are being developed, increased focus be placed on ensuring they are robust and reliable across individuals and standardized to enable predictive diagnostic models to be generated from the data. The field is still several years away from establishing the clinical benefit of monitoring placental function in real time with MRI, but the promise of individual personalized diagnosis and monitoring of placental disease in real time continues to motivate this effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Abaci Turk
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Stout
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Ha
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Filiz Yetisir
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Polina Golland
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lawrence L. Wald
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Elfar Adalsteinsson
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Julian N. Robinson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | - William H. Barth
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P. Ellen Grant
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
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38
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Jenkins MM, Almli LM, Pangilinan F, Chong JX, Blue EE, Shapira SK, White J, McGoldrick D, Smith JD, Mullikin JC, Bean CJ, Nembhard WN, Lou XY, Shaw GM, Romitti PA, Keppler-Noreuil K, Yazdy MM, Kay DM, Carter TC, Olshan AF, Moore KJ, Nascone-Yoder N, Finnell RH, Lupo PJ, Feldkamp ML, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Brody LC, Reefhuis J. Exome sequencing of family trios from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study: Tapping into a rich resource of genetic and environmental data. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:1618-1632. [PMID: 31328417 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) is a multisite, population-based, case-control study of genetic and nongenetic risk factors for major structural birth defects. Eligible women had a pregnancy affected by a birth defect or a liveborn child without a birth defect between 1997 and 2011. They were invited to complete a telephone interview to collect pregnancy exposure data and were mailed buccal cell collection kits to collect specimens from themselves, their child (if living), and their child's father. Over 23,000 families representing more than 30 major structural birth defects provided DNA specimens. METHODS To evaluate their utility for exome sequencing (ES), specimens from 20 children with colonic atresia were studied. Evaluations were conducted on specimens collected using cytobrushes stored and transported in open versus closed packaging, on native genomic DNA (gDNA) versus whole genome amplified (WGA) products and on a library preparation protocol adapted to low amounts of DNA. RESULTS The DNA extracted from brushes in open packaging yielded higher quality sequence data than DNA from brushes in closed packaging. Quality metrics of sequenced gDNA were consistently higher than metrics from corresponding WGA products and were consistently high when using a low input protocol. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-principle study established conditions under which ES can be applied to NBDPS specimens. Successful sequencing of exomes from well-characterized NBDPS families indicated that this unique collection can be used to investigate the roles of genetic variation and gene-environment interaction effects in birth defect etiologies, providing a valuable resource for birth defect researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Jenkins
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lynn M Almli
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Carter Consulting Incorporated, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Faith Pangilinan
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jessica X Chong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elizabeth E Blue
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stuart K Shapira
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Janson White
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel McGoldrick
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joshua D Smith
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - James C Mullikin
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher J Bean
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wendy N Nembhard
- Fay W Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Xiang-Yang Lou
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford, California
| | - Paul A Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kim Keppler-Noreuil
- Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Mahsa M Yazdy
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Denise M Kay
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Tonia C Carter
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kristin J Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nanette Nascone-Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Departments of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Marcia L Feldkamp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lawrence C Brody
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennita Reefhuis
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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39
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Miremberg H, Gindes L, Schreiber L, Raucher Sternfeld A, Bar J, Kovo M. The association between severe fetal congenital heart defects and placental vascular malperfusion lesions. Prenat Diagn 2019; 39:962-967. [PMID: 31254468 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown an association between infant with congenital heart defects (CHD) and the risk of preeclampsia. We aimed to characterize placental histopathology from pregnancies who underwent termination of pregnancy (TOP) because of severe CHD. METHODS This was a case control study. The medical files of all TOPs due to fetal congenital malformations were reviewed. Cases with CHD included hypoplastic left heart, transposition of great arteries, AV canal, tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet RV, and coractation of aorta. The controls included TOPs due to congenital central nervous system defects (CNS group) that were matched in a 1:1 ratio, by gestational age and maternal age. Placental lesions were classified to maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion (MVM and FVM) and inflammatory lesions. RESULTS Higher rates of any MVM or FVM lesion were observed in placentas from the CHD group (n = 32) as compared with the CNS group (n = 32), 40.6% versus 12.5% respectively, p = .02. As compared with the CNS group, the CHD group had more abnormal coiling of umbilical cord (p = .01). CONCLUSION Placental vascular malperfusion lesions are more common in pregnancies complicated with CHD as compared with CNS malformations. These findings support the hypothesis of similar etiopathogenetic factors, contributing to the development of preeclampsia and CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Miremberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Liat Gindes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Letizia Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | | | - Jacob Bar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Michal Kovo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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40
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Basu M, Garg V. Maternal hyperglycemia and fetal cardiac development: Clinical impact and underlying mechanisms. Birth Defects Res 2019; 110:1504-1516. [PMID: 30576094 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect and is both a significant pediatric and adult health problem, in light of a growing population of survivors. The etiology of CHD has been considered to be multifactorial with genetic and environmental factors playing important roles. The combination of advances in cardiac developmental biology, which have resulted in the elucidation of molecular pathways regulating normal cardiac morphogenesis, and genome sequencing technology have allowed the discovery of numerous genetic contributors of CHD ranging from chromosomal abnormalities to single gene variants. Conversely, mechanistic details of the contribution of environmental factors to CHD remain unknown. Maternal diabetes mellitus (matDM) is a well-established and increasingly prevalent environmental risk factor for CHD, but the underlying etiologic mechanisms by which pregestational matDM increases the vulnerability of embryos to cardiac malformations remains largely elusive. Here, we will briefly discuss the multifactorial etiology of CHD with a focus on the epidemiologic link between matDM and CHD. We will describe the animal models used to study the underlying mechanisms between matDM and CHD and review the numerous cellular and molecular pathways affected by maternal hyperglycemia in the developing heart. Last, we discuss how this increased understanding may open the door for the development of novel prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of CHD in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Basu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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41
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Verrall CE, Blue GM, Loughran-Fowlds A, Kasparian N, Gecz J, Walker K, Dunwoodie SL, Cordina R, Sholler G, Badawi N, Winlaw D. 'Big issues' in neurodevelopment for children and adults with congenital heart disease. Open Heart 2019; 6:e000998. [PMID: 31354955 PMCID: PMC6615801 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is established that neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) is common in neonates undergoing complex surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD); however, the trajectory of disability over the lifetime of individuals with CHD is unknown. Several ‘big issues’ remain undetermined and further research is needed in order to optimise patient care and service delivery, to assess the efficacy of intervention strategies and to promote best outcomes in individuals of all ages with CHD. This review article discusses ‘gaps’ in our knowledge of NDD in CHD and proposes future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Verrall
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gillian M Blue
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison Loughran-Fowlds
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Grace Centre for Newborn Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nadine Kasparian
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide School of Medicine, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karen Walker
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally L Dunwoodie
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael Cordina
- Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gary Sholler
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Grace Centre for Newborn Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Winlaw
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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42
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Radhakrishna U, Albayrak S, Zafra R, Baraa A, Vishweswaraiah S, Veerappa AM, Mahishi D, Saiyed N, Mishra NK, Guda C, Ali-Fehmi R, Bahado-Singh RO. Placental epigenetics for evaluation of fetal congenital heart defects: Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0200229. [PMID: 30897084 PMCID: PMC6428297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), the most common congenital heart defect, is characterized by a hole in the septum between the right and left ventricles. The pathogenesis of VSD is unknown in most clinical cases. There is a paucity of data relevant to epigenetic changes in VSD. The placenta is a fetal tissue crucial in cardiac development and a potentially useful surrogate for evaluating the development of heart tissue. To understand epigenetic mechanisms that may play a role in the development of VSD, genome-wide DNA methylation assay on placentas of 8 term subjects with isolated VSD and no known or suspected genetic syndromes and 10 unaffected controls was performed using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip assay. We identified a total of 80 highly accurate potential CpGs in 80 genes for detection of VSD; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC) 1.0 with significant 95% CI (FDR) p-values < 0.05 for each individual locus. The biological processes and functions for many of these differentially methylated genes are previously known to be associated with heart development or disease, including cardiac ventricle development (HEY2, ISL1), heart looping (SRF), cardiac muscle cell differentiation (ACTC1, HEY2), cardiac septum development (ISL1), heart morphogenesis (SRF, HEY2, ISL1, HEYL), Notch signaling pathway (HEY2, HEYL), cardiac chamber development (ISL1), and cardiac muscle tissue development (ACTC1, ISL1). In addition, we identified 8 microRNAs that have the potential to be biomarkers for the detection of VSD including: miR-191, miR-548F1, miR-148A, miR-423, miR-92B, miR-611, miR-2110, and miR-548H4. To our knowledge this is the first report in which placental analysis has been used for determining the pathogenesis of and predicting VSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uppala Radhakrishna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Samet Albayrak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rita Zafra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alosh Baraa
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Avinash M. Veerappa
- Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Genomic Sciences, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Deepthi Mahishi
- Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Genomic Sciences, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Nazia Saiyed
- Biotechnology, Nirma Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nitish K. Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Centre Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Centre Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Rouba Ali-Fehmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ray O. Bahado-Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
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43
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Fantasia I, Andrade W, Syngelaki A, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Impaired placental perfusion and major fetal cardiac defects. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2019; 53:68-72. [PMID: 30334326 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between fetal congenital heart defects (CHD) and placental perfusion assessed by uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI), in relation to development of pre-eclampsia (PE). METHODS This was a prospective screening study of singleton pregnancies at 19-24 weeks' gestation. Transvaginal ultrasound was used to measure UtA-PI and the values were converted into multiples of the normal median (MoM). Median MoM values in pregnancies with a fetus with isolated major CHD were compared to those without CHD, in relation to development of PE. RESULTS The 91 407 singleton pregnancies fulfilling the entry criteria included 206 (0.23%) with isolated major fetal CHD and 91 201 without CHD. The prevalence of PE was 4.4% in pregnancies with fetal CHD and 2.7% in those without CHD (relative risk (RR), 1.6 (95% CI, 0.84-3.04); P = 0.150); the respective values for preterm PE with delivery at < 37 weeks' gestation were 2.4% and 0.7% (RR, 3.4 (95% CI, 1.42-8.09); P = 0.006). In the total population, median UtA-PI MoM was significantly higher in those that developed PE compared to those without PE (1.22 (interquartile range (IQR), 0.94-1.57) vs 1.00 (IQR, 0.84-1.19); P < 0.0001) and, in the PE group, the median UtA-PI MoM was inversely related to gestational age at delivery (r = -0.458; P < 0.0001). The same pattern of inverse relationship between UtA-PI MoM and gestational age at delivery with PE was observed in pregnancies with and those without CHD, but, in the CHD group, compared to those without CHD, UtA-PI was significantly higher both in pregnancies with and in those without PE. CONCLUSIONS In pregnancies both with and without fetal CHD that develop PE, impedance to flow in the UtAs is increased and this increase is particularly marked in those with preterm PE. The prevalence of preterm PE is more than three times higher in pregnancies with than those without fetal major CHD, and the prevalence of major CHD in pregnancies with preterm PE is also more than three times higher than in those without PE. However, > 97% of pregnancies with fetal CHD do not develop preterm PE and > 99% of pregnancies with preterm PE are not associated with fetal CHD. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fantasia
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - W Andrade
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Syngelaki
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Akolekar
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, UK
| | - K H Nicolaides
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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