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Bordini M, Wang Z, Soglia F, Petracci M, Schmidt CJ, Abasht B. RNA-sequencing revisited data shed new light on wooden breast myopathy. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103902. [PMID: 38908127 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Wooden Breast (WB) abnormality represents one of the major challenges that the poultry industry has faced in the last 10 years. Despite the enormous progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying WB, the precise initial causes remain to be clarified. In this scenario, the present research is intended to characterize the gene expression profiles of broiler Pectoralis major muscles affected by WB, comparing them to the unaffected counterpart, to provide new insights into the biological mechanisms underlying this defect and potentially identifying novel genes likely involved in its occurrence. To this purpose, data obtained in a previous study through the RNA-sequencing technology have been used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 6 affected and 5 unaffected broilers' breast muscles, by using the newest reference genome assembly for Gallus gallus (GRCg7b). Also, to deeply investigate molecular and biological pathways involved in the WB progression, pathways analyses have been performed. The results achieved through the differential gene expression analysis mainly evidenced the downregulation of glycogen metabolic processes, gluconeogenesis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle in WB muscles, thus corroborating the evidence of a dysregulated energy metabolism characterizing breasts affected by this abnormality. Also, genes related to hypertrophic muscle growth have been identified as differentially expressed (e.g., WFIKKN1). Together with that, a downregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and functionality has been detected. Among them, PPARGC1A and PPARGC1B chicken genes are particularly noteworthy. These genes not only have essential roles in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis but also play pivotal roles in maintaining glucose and energy homeostasis. In view of that, their downregulation in WB-affected muscle may be considered as potentially related to both the mitochondrial dysfunction and altered glucose metabolism in WB muscles, and their key involvement in the molecular alterations characterizing this muscular abnormality might be hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bordini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Francesca Soglia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.
| | - Carl J Schmidt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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2
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Wang Z, Khondowe P, Brannick E, Abasht B. Spatial transcriptomics reveals alterations in perivascular macrophage lipid metabolism in the onset of Wooden Breast myopathy in broiler chickens. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3450. [PMID: 38342952 PMCID: PMC10859375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to use spatial transcriptomics to characterize the cell-type-specific expression profile associated with the microscopic features observed in Wooden Breast myopathy. 1 cm3 muscle sample was dissected from the cranial part of the right pectoralis major muscle from three randomly sampled broiler chickens at 23 days post-hatch and processed with Visium Spatial Gene Expression kits (10X Genomics), followed by high-resolution imaging and sequencing on the Illumina Nextseq 2000 system. WB classification was based on histopathologic features identified. Sequence reads were aligned to the chicken reference genome (Galgal6) and mapped to histological images. Unsupervised K-means clustering and Seurat integrative analysis differentiated histologic features and their specific gene expression pattern, including lipid laden macrophages (LLM), unaffected myofibers, myositis and vasculature. In particular, LLM exhibited reprogramming of lipid metabolism with up-regulated lipid transporters and genes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors pathway, possibly through P. Moreover, overexpression of fatty acid binding protein 5 could enhance fatty acid uptake in adjacent veins. In myositis regions, increased expression of cathepsins may play a role in muscle homeostasis and repair by mediating lysosomal activity and apoptosis. A better knowledge of different cell-type interactions at early stages of WB is essential in developing a comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Wang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Paul Khondowe
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Erin Brannick
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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3
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Pizzol MSD, Ibelli AMG, Cantão ME, Campos FG, de Oliveira HC, de Oliveira Peixoto J, Fernandes LT, de Castro Tavernari F, Morés MAZ, Bastos APA, Ledur MC. Differential expression of miRNAs associated with pectoral myopathies in young broilers: insights from a comparative transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:104. [PMID: 38262955 PMCID: PMC10807067 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION White Striping (WS) and Wooden Breast (WB) pectoral myopathies are relevant disorders for contemporary broiler production worldwide. Several studies aimed to elucidate the genetic components associated with the occurrence of these myopathies. However, epigenetic factors that trigger or differentiate these two conditions are still unclear. The aim of this study was to identify miRNAs differentially expressed (DE) between normal and WS and WB-affected broilers, and to verify the possible role of these miRNAs in metabolic pathways related to the manifestation of these pectoral myopathies in 28-day-old broilers. RESULTS Five miRNAs were DE in the WS vs control (gga-miR-375, gga-miR-200b-3p, gga-miR-429-3p, gga-miR-1769-5p, gga-miR-200a-3p), 82 between WB vs control and 62 between WB vs WS. Several known miRNAs were associated with WB, such as gga-miR-155, gga-miR-146b, gga-miR-222, gga-miR-146-5p, gga-miR- 29, gga-miR-21-5p, gga-miR-133a-3p and gga-miR-133b. Most of them had not previously been associated with the development of this myopathy in broilers. We also have predicted 17 new miRNAs expressed in the broilers pectoral muscle. DE miRNA target gene ontology analysis enriched 6 common pathways for WS and WB compared to control: autophagy, insulin signaling, FoxO signaling, endocytosis, and metabolic pathways. The WS vs control contrast had two unique pathways, ERBB signaling and the mTOR signaling, while WB vs control had 14 unique pathways, with ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and endoplasmic reticulum protein processing being the most significant. CONCLUSIONS We found miRNAs DE between normal broilers and those affected with breast myopathies at 28 days of age. Our results also provide novel evidence of the miRNAs role on the regulation of WS and in the differentiation of both WS and WB myopathies. Overall, our study provides insights into miRNA-mediated and pathways involved in the occurrence of WS and WB helping to better understand these chicken growth disorders in an early age. These findings can help developing new approaches to reduce these complex issues in poultry production possibly by adjustments in nutrition and management conditions. Moreover, the miRNAs and target genes associated with the initial stages of WS and WB development could be potential biomarkers to be used in selection to reduce the occurrence of these myopathies in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Spudeit Dal Pizzol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC-Oeste, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Adriana Mércia Guaratini Ibelli
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
- Present Address: Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Francelly Geralda Campos
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Haniel Cedraz de Oliveira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jane de Oliveira Peixoto
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando de Castro Tavernari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC-Oeste, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Almeida Bastos
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mônica Corrêa Ledur
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC-Oeste, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Che S, Pham PH, Barbut S, Bienzle D, Susta L. Transcriptomic Profiles of Pectoralis major Muscles Affected by Spaghetti Meat and Woody Breast in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:176. [PMID: 38254345 PMCID: PMC10812457 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Spaghetti meat (SM) and woody breast (WB) are breast muscle myopathies of broiler chickens, characterized by separation of myofibers and by fibrosis, respectively. This study sought to investigate the transcriptomic profiles of breast muscles affected by SM and WB. Targeted sampling was conducted on a flock to obtain 10 WB, 10 SM, and 10 Normal Pectoralis major muscle samples from 37-day-old male chickens. Total RNA was extracted, cDNA was used for pair-end sequencing, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined by a false discovery rate of <0.1 and a >1.5-fold change. Principal component and heatmap cluster analyses showed that the SM and WB samples clustered together. No DEGs were observed between SM and WB fillets, while a total of 4018 and 2323 DEGs were found when comparing SM and WB, respectively, against Normal samples. In both the SM and WB samples, Gene Ontology terms associated with extracellular environment and immune response were enriched. The KEGG analysis showed enrichment of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathways in both myopathies. Although SM and WB are macroscopically different, the similar transcriptomic profiles suggest that these conditions may share a common pathogenesis. This is the first study to compare the transcriptomes of SM and WB, and it showed that, while both myopathies had profiles different from the normal breast muscle, SM and WB were similar, with comparable enriched metabolic pathways and processes despite presenting markedly different macroscopic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunoh Che
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada; (S.C.); (P.H.P.)
| | - Phuc H. Pham
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada; (S.C.); (P.H.P.)
| | - Shai Barbut
- Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada;
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada; (S.C.); (P.H.P.)
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada; (S.C.); (P.H.P.)
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Pejšková L, Rønning SB, Kent MP, Solberg NT, Høst V, Thu-Hien T, Wold JP, Lunde M, Mosleth E, Pisconti A, Kolset SO, Carlson CR, Pedersen ME. Characterization of wooden breast myopathy: a focus on syndecans and ECM remodeling. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1301804. [PMID: 38130476 PMCID: PMC10737271 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1301804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The skeletal muscle deformity of commercial chickens (Gallus gallus), known as the wooden breast (WB), is associated with fibrotic myopathy of unknown etiology. For future breeding strategies and genetic improvements, it is essential to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotype. The pathophysiological hallmarks of WB include severe skeletal muscle fibrosis, inflammation, myofiber necrosis, and multifocal degeneration of muscle tissue. The transmembrane proteoglycans syndecans have a wide spectrum of biological functions and are master regulators of tissue homeostasis. They are upregulated and shed (cleaved) as a regulatory mechanism during tissue repair and regeneration. During the last decades, it has become clear that the syndecan family also has critical functions in skeletal muscle growth, however, their potential involvement in WB pathogenesis is unknown. Methods: In this study, we have categorized four groups of WB myopathy in broiler chickens and performed a comprehensive characterization of the molecular and histological profiles of two of them, with a special focus on the role of the syndecans and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Results and discussion: Our findings reveal differential expression and shedding of the four syndecan family members and increased matrix metalloproteinase activity. Additionally, we identified alterations in key signaling pathways such as MAPK, AKT, and Wnt. Our work provides novel insights into a deeper understanding of WB pathogenesis and suggests potential therapeutic targets for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew Peter Kent
- Center for Integrative Genetics, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences (BIOVIT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | | | - Vibeke Høst
- Raw Materials and Optimization, Nofima AS, Ås, Norway
| | - To Thu-Hien
- Center for Integrative Genetics, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences (BIOVIT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | | | - Marianne Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Mosleth
- Raw Materials and Optimization, Nofima AS, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Svein Olav Kolset
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Rein Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Gratta F, Bošković Cabrol M, Xiccato G, Birolo M, Bordignon F, Trocino A. Effect of light restriction on productive results and behavior of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103084. [PMID: 37826901 PMCID: PMC10568561 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of light restriction (18L:6D vs. 14L:10D), genotype (A vs. B), and sex on performance, behavior, and meat quality, and the occurrence of wooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS) in broiler chickens. To this purpose 704 one-day-old chickens of 2 genotypes, half males and half females, were reared from hatching until slaughtering at 45 d of age in 32 collective pens (22 chickens per pen). Light restriction reduced growth rate and final live weight (LW), but improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.01) and reduced inactive behaviors of chickens (P < 0.001). Light restriction also reduced WS occurrence in breasts (89.5 to 64.6%; P < 0.001) and reduced meat shear force (2.64 to 2.20 kg/g; P < 0.05) and ether extract content (2.29 to 1.87%; P < 0.05). Regarding genotype, compared to genotype B, chickens of genotype A were heavier (3,242 g vs. 3,124 g; P < 0.01) with higher cold carcass weight and Pectoralis major muscle yield (12.9 vs. 12.0%; P < 0.001) and a higher FCR (1.63 vs. 1.61; P < 0.01). Finally, females had lower final LW (2,852 g vs. 3,513 g) and higher FCR (1.64 vs. 1.59) than males (P < 0.001), but a higher proportion of breast and P. major (P < 0.001), lower cooking losses (P < 0.001) and shear force (P < 0.01), and higher protein content (21.6 vs. 20.7%; P < 0.001). In conclusion, light restriction depressed growth, but was effective in decreasing WS occurrence and improved feed conversion. The decrease in inactive behaviors (sitting/laying) of light-restricted chickens can be positively considered in view of animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gratta
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - M Bošković Cabrol
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - G Xiccato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - M Birolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - F Bordignon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - A Trocino
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy; Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
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7
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Liu X, Ma Z, Wang Y, Jia H, Wang Z, Zhang L. Heat stress exposure cause alterations in intestinal microbiota, transcriptome, and metabolome of broilers. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1244004. [PMID: 37795292 PMCID: PMC10547010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1244004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heat stress can affect the production of poultry through complex interactions between genes, metabolites and microorganisms. At present, it is unclear how heat stress affects genetic, metabolic and microbial changes in poultry, as well as the complex interactions between them. Methods Thus, at 28 days of age a total of 200 Arbor Acres broilers with similar body weights were randomly divided into the control (CON) and heat stress treatment (HS). There were 5 replicates in CON and HS, respectively, 20 per replication. From the 28-42 days, the HS was kept at 31 ± 1°C (9:00-17:00, 8 h) and other time was maintained at 21 ± 1°C as in the CON. At the 42nd day experiment, we calculated the growth performance (n = 8) of broilers and collected 3 and 6 cecal tissues for transcriptomic and metabolomic investigation and 4 cecal contents for metagenomic investigation of each treatment. Results and discussion The results indicate that heat stress significantly reduced the average daily gain and body weight of broilers (value of p < 0.05). Transcriptome KEGG enrichment showed that the differential genes were mainly enriched in the NF-kB signaling pathway. Metabolomics results showed that KEGG enrichment showed that the differential metabolites were mainly enriched in the mTOR signaling pathway. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing results indicated that heat stress increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes. Multi-omics analysis showed that the co-participating pathway of differential genes, metabolites and microorganisms KEGG enrichment was purine metabolism. Pearson correlation analysis found that ornithine was positively correlated with SULT1C3, GSTT1L and g_Lactobacillus, and negatively correlated with CALB1. PE was negatively correlated with CALB1 and CHAC1, and positively with g_Alistipes. In conclusion, heat stress can generate large amounts of reactive oxygen and increase the types of harmful bacteria, reduce intestinal nutrient absorption and antioxidant capacity, and thereby damage intestinal health and immune function, and reduce growth performance indicators. This biological process is manifested in the complex regulation, providing a foundational theoretical basis for solving the problem of heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zheng Wang
- Shanxi Key Lab. for the Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Lihuan Zhang
- Shanxi Key Lab. for the Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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8
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Bailey RA. Strategies and opportunities to control breast myopathies: An opinion paper. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1173564. [PMID: 37089423 PMCID: PMC10115961 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1173564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
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López TA, García PA, Tica L, Pieniazek F, Schebor C, Sosa N. Classification, quality characteristics, sensory perception and texture prediction of wooden breast myopathy in broilers from Argentina. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:233-242. [PMID: 36618063 PMCID: PMC9813286 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the wooden breast (WB) myopathy in the poultry industry, and establish degrees of severity by analyzing the composition and important characteristics of meat quality. 175 chickens from the COBB-500 commercial line were analyzed, and three WB categories were established: normal, moderate, and severe. The prevalence was: 4.00% severe, 46.29% moderate, and 49.71% normal, and it was affected by sex and weight. The WB characterization was carried out on 7 breasts of each WB degree. A decrease in protein and ashes, an increase in fat and loss of water by dripping, and color changes were observed as the degree of severity advanced. The texture was evaluated by instrumental, sensory, and image analysis techniques. Severe samples showed alterations in compression test, cohesiveness and juiciness, together with significant differences on the parameters, "contrast" and "energy". A characterization of WB myopathy was achieved for the first time in Argentina. The decline in meat quality could lead to industrial losses. Image analysis proved to be a promising technique for differentiating the severity of WB myopathy in raw chicken. Differences between raw and cooked samples were detected, thus both types of meat should be studied in detail. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05608-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Anahí López
- Facultad de Bromatología, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Pte. Perón 1154, 2820 Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos Argentina
- Desarrollo y Mejoramiento de Alimentos de Calidad a partir de Recursos de Entre Ríos (DyMACRER) - Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos de Entre Ríos (ICTAER), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos Argentina
| | | | - Lautaro Tica
- Facultad de Bromatología, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Pte. Perón 1154, 2820 Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos Argentina
| | - Facundo Pieniazek
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (UNIDEF-MINDEF-CITEDEF), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Schebor
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ, UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Sosa
- Facultad de Bromatología, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Pte. Perón 1154, 2820 Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos Argentina
- Desarrollo y Mejoramiento de Alimentos de Calidad a partir de Recursos de Entre Ríos (DyMACRER) - Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos de Entre Ríos (ICTAER), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos Argentina
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Metabolomic Analysis of Wooden Breast Myopathy Shows a Disturbed Lipid Metabolism. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010020. [PMID: 36676945 PMCID: PMC9862534 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopathies have risen strongly in recent years, likely linked to selection for appetite. For white striping (WS), causes have been identified; but for wooden breast (WB), the cause remains speculative. We used metabolomics to study the breast muscle of 51 birds that were scored for both at 35 days of age to better understand potential causes. A partial least square discriminant analysis revealed that WS and WB had distinct metabolic profiles, implying different etiologies. Arginine and proline metabolism were affected in both, although differently: WB increased arginine in breast muscle implying that the birds did not use this pathway to increase tissue blood flow. Antioxidant defenses were impeded as shown by low anserine and beta-alanine. In contrast, GSH and selenium concentrations were increased. Serine, linked to anti-inflammatory properties, was increased. Taurine, which can stabilize the cell's sarcolemma as well as modulate potassium channels and cellular calcium homeostasis, was also increased. Mineral data and depressed phosphatidylethanolamine, cAMP, and creatine-phosphate suggested compromised energy metabolism. WB also had drastically lower diet-derived lipids, suggesting compromised lipid digestion. In conclusion, WB may be caused by impaired lipid digestion triggered by a very high appetite: the ensuing deficiencies may well impair blood flow into muscle resulting in irreparable damage.
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Sumanu VO, Naidoo V, Oosthuizen MC, Chamunorwa JP. Adverse effects of heat stress during summer on broiler chickens production and antioxidant mitigating effects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:2379-2393. [PMID: 36169706 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Broiler chicken meat is a good source of protein consumed universally, and is one of the most commonly farmed species in world. In addition to providing food, poultry non-edible byproducts also have value. A major advantage of broiler chicken production is their short production cycle, which results in a greater rate of production in comparison to other species. However, as with any production system, there are constraints in broiler production with one of the most pressing being energy requirements to keep the birds warm as chicks and cool later in the growth cycle, as a result of the cost needing mechanical heating and cooling. While this is feasible in more advanced economies, this is not readily affordable in developing economies. As a result, farmers rely on natural ventilation to cool the rearing houses, which generally becoming excessively warm with the resultant heat stress on the birds. Since little can be done without resorting to mechanical ventilation and cooling, exploring the use of other means to reduce heat stress is needed. For this review, we cover the various factors that induce heat stress, the physiological and behavioral responses of broiler chickens to heat stress. We also look at mitigating the adverse effect of heat stress through the use of antioxidants which possess either an anti-stress and/or antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V O Sumanu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
| | - V Naidoo
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - M C Oosthuizen
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - J P Chamunorwa
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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12
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Kim H, Choo H, Cha J, Jang M, Son J, Jeong T, Choi BH, Lim Y, Chai HH, Lee J, Lim D, Shin D, Park W, Park JE. Blood transcriptome comparison between sexes and their function in 4-week Rhode Island red chickens. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:358-368. [PMID: 36605592 PMCID: PMC9809412 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2146187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex is a major biological factor in the development and physiology of a sexual reproductive organism, and its role in the growing process is needed to be investigated in various species. We compare blood transcriptome between 5 males and 5 females in 4-week-old Rhode Island Red chickens and perform functional annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The results are as follows. 141 and 109 DEGs were located in autosomes and sex chromosomes, respectively. The gene ontology (GO) terms are significantly (p < 0.05) enriched, which were limb development, inner ear development, positive regulation of dendrite development, the KEGG pathway the TGF-beta signaling pathway, and melanogenesis (p < 0.05). These pathways are related to morphological maintenance and growth of the tissues. In addition, the SMAD2W and the BMP5 were involved in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, and both play an important role in maintaining tissue development. The major DEGs related to the development of neurons and synapses include the up-regulated NRN1, GDF10, SLC1A1, BMP5, NBEA, and NRXN1. Also, 7 DEGs were validated using RT-qPCR with high correlation (r 2 = 0.74). In conclusion, the differential expression of blood tissue in the early growing chicken was enriched in TGF-beta signaling and related to the development of neurons and synapses including SMAD2W and BMP5. These results suggest that blood in the early growing stage is differentially affected in tissue development, nervous system, and pigmentation by sex. For future research, experimental characterization of DEGs and a holistic investigation of various tissues and growth stages will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kim
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Hyojun Choo
- Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang, Korea
| | - Jihye Cha
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Myoungjin Jang
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Juhwan Son
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Taejoon Jeong
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Bong-Hwan Choi
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Youngjo Lim
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Han-Ha Chai
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Jungjae Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Dajeong Lim
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Woncheoul Park
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea, Jong-Eun Park Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, 63243, Korea; Woncheoul Park Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea, Jong-Eun Park Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, 63243, Korea; Woncheoul Park Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, Korea
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13
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Liu R, Kong F, Xing S, He Z, Bai L, Sun J, Tan X, Zhao D, Zhao G, Wen J. Dominant changes in the breast muscle lipid profiles of broiler chickens with wooden breast syndrome revealed by lipidomics analyses. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:93. [PMID: 35927736 PMCID: PMC9354336 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chicken is the most consumed meat worldwide and the industry has been facing challenging myopathies. Wooden breast (WB), which is often accompanied by white striping (WS), is a serious myopathy adversely affecting meat quality of breast muscles. The underlying lipid metabolic mechanism of WB affected broilers is not fully understood. RESULTS A total of 150 chickens of a white-feathered, fast-growing pure line were raised and used for the selection of WB, WB + WS and control chickens. The lipids of the breast muscle, liver, and serum from different chickens were extracted and measured using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) plus Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. In the breast, 560 lipid molecules were identified. Compared to controls, 225/225 of 560 lipid molecules (40.2%) were identified with differential abundance (DA), including 92/100 significantly increased neutral lipids and 107/98 decreased phospholipids in the WB/WB + WS groups, respectively. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was significantly higher, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were significantly lower in the affected breasts. In the liver, 434 lipid molecules were identified, and 39/61 DA lipid molecules (6.7%/14.1%) were detected in the WB and WB + WS groups, respectively. In the serum, a total of 529 lipid molecules were identified and 4/44 DA lipid molecules (0.8%/8.3%) were detected in WB and WB + WS group, respectively. Compared to controls, the content of MUFAs in the serum and breast of the WB + WS group were both significantly increased, and the content of SFAs in two tissues were both significantly decreased. Only five lipid molecules were consistently increased in both liver and serum in WB + WS group. CONCLUSIONS We have found for the first time that the dominant lipid profile alterations occurred in the affected breast muscle. The relative abundance of 40.2% of lipid molecules were changed and is characteristic of increased neutral lipids and decreased phospholipids in the affected breasts. Minor changes of lipid profiles in the liver and serum of the affected groups were founded. Comprehensive analysis of body lipid metabolism indicated that the abnormal lipid profile of WB breast may be independent of the liver metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Fuli Kong
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Xing
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxiao He
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahong Sun
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
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14
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Bordignon F, Xiccato G, Boskovic Cabrol M, Birolo M, Trocino A. Factors Affecting Breast Myopathies in Broiler Chickens and Quality of Defective Meat: A Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:933235. [PMID: 35846009 PMCID: PMC9283645 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.933235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast-growing broiler chickens are subjected to breast myopathies such as white striping (WS), wooden breast (WB), and spaghetti meat (SM). Available studies about risk factors for myopathy occurrence often used flock data whereas a few reports evaluated chicken individual data. Thus, the present study aimed to elucidate the effect of growth and slaughter traits, besides sex and genotype on myopathy occurrence. Data were obtained from eight experimental trials, which used a total of 6,036 broiler chickens. Sex, genotype, daily weight gain, slaughter weight, and breast yield were evaluated as potential risk factors by logistic regression analyses. Then, the effects of myopathy and sex were evaluated on meat rheological traits (pH, colour, cooking losses and shear force). Based on a logistic regression, WS occurrence was associated with genotype, breast weight, and breast yield. Compared with chickens with intermediate breast weight and breast yield, higher odds of having WS were found in chickens with high breast weight (OR: 1.49) and yield (OR: 1.27), whereas lower odds were found in those with low breast weight (OR: 0.57) and yield (OR: 0.82). As for WB and SM, females had lower odds of having WB (OR: 0.55) and higher odds of showing SM (OR: 15.4) compared to males. In males, higher odds of having WB were found in chickens with a high daily weight gain (OR: 1.75) compared to those with an intermediate daily weight gain. In females, higher odds of having SM were associated to a high slaughter weight (OR: 2.10) while lower odds to a low slaughter weight (OR: 0.87). As for meat quality, only WB meat was clearly different for some technological and sensorial properties, which can play a major role also in meat processing. In conclusion, our analysis identified breast development as a potential risk factor for WS, while a high growth was the risk factor for WB and SM. A different probability of having WB or SM in females and male was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bordignon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gerolamo Xiccato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marija Boskovic Cabrol
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marco Birolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Trocino
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Angela Trocino,
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15
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Jia L, Zhang X, Li X, Schilling MW, Peebles ED, Kiess AS, Zhang L. Internal organ and skeletal muscle development in commercial broilers with woody breast myopathy. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102012. [PMID: 35896053 PMCID: PMC9326126 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing growth rate, body weight, and breast muscle yield have been linked to broiler muscle problems such as woody breast (WB). The aim of this study was to investigate the internal organ and skeletal muscle development of broilers with WB myopathy under dietary and Eimeria challenge treatments. A 3 diet (control, antibiotic, or probiotic) × 2 challenge (control or Eimeria) × 2 sex factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized complete block design. Ross × Ross 708 chicks were randomly assigned to 96 floor pens with 12 treatment combinations (8 replicates per treatment). Internal organs were sampled on d 13 and 41. Skeletal muscles were sampled on d 41. Internal organ and skeletal muscle weights were analyzed using a 3-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Relationships between WB and internal organ and skeletal muscle weights were analyzed using one-way ANOVA as all treatments were pooled together and regrouped according to WB scores. On d 41, absolute and relative heart weights were greater in males when they were averaged over diet and challenge treatments (P < 0.001 and P = 0.026, respectively). The birds with WB score 3 had greater absolute heart (P = 0.0002) and spleen weights (P = 0.016), but there was no difference in relative spleen weight (P > 0.05). When averaged over diet and challenge treatments, males have greater absolute duodenum, jejunum, and ileum weights (for all P < 0.0001). Compared with birds with normal breasts, the birds with WB scores 1, 2, and 3 had a greater live weight (for all P < 0.0001) and absolute and relative breast weights (for all P < 0.0001). The birds with WB score 1, 2, and 3 had greater (P < 0.0001) absolute but lower (P < 0.0001) relative drumstick, thigh, and wing weights. Results indicated that broilers with WB had lower relative proventriculus and gizzard weights and greater relative breast meat weight with lower relative drumstick, thigh, and wing muscle weights.
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16
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Brannan KE, Helfrich KK, Flentke GR, Smith SM, Livingston KA, van Rensburg CJ. Influence of incubation, diet, and sex on avian uncoupling protein expression and oxidative stress in market age broilers following exposure to acute heat stress. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101748. [PMID: 35278756 PMCID: PMC8917286 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic selection for rapid growth in broilers has inadvertently resulted in increased susceptibility to heat stress, particularly in male birds. Increased oxidative stress associated with hyperthermia may be reduced by avian uncoupling protein (avUCP), which has been proposed to modulate free radical production. However, the relationship between avUCP expression and current heat stress management strategies is unclear. Embryonic acclimation or thermal manipulation (TM) and dietary fat source are 2 heat stress interventions that may alter avUCP expression and oxidative stress, but the literature is inconclusive. The objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of TM and dietary fat source on avUCP gene expression and oxidative damage in the breast meat of market age broilers before and after acute heat challenge. The influence of bird sex was also evaluated as broilers exhibit a high degree of sexual dimorphism in growth and stress susceptibility. Concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was measured as a marker of oxidative damage. Embryonic TM occurred from incubation d 7 to 16 for 12 h daily at 39.5°C. Dietary treatments were applied during the finisher period using either poultry fat, soya oil, or olive oil supplemented at 4.5% in the diet. Acute heat stress (AHS) occurred on d 43 at 32°C for 4 h. Bird performance was decreased by TM, but no significant differences were noted between dietary fat source treatments. Neither avUCP nor TBARS concentrations were significantly influenced by TM or dietary fat source. Downregulation of avUCP was observed following AHS, concurrent with an increase in TBARS concentration. Male birds exhibited higher levels of both avUCP expression and TBARS compared to females and a significant interaction was noted for heat stress by sex, with avUCP expression being greatest in males prior to AHS. The increase in avUCP expression and TBARS concentrations in male birds may be associated with an increased susceptibility to stress arising from the increased growth rate noted for male broilers.
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17
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Valentino T, Figueiredo VC, Mobley CB, McCarthy JJ, Vechetti IJ. Evidence of myomiR regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway during mechanical load-induced hypertrophy. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15137. [PMID: 34889054 PMCID: PMC8661100 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the molecular and cellular mechanisms discovered to regulate skeletal muscle hypertrophy were first identified using the rodent synergist ablation model. This model reveals the intrinsic capability and necessary pathways of skeletal muscle growth in response to mechanical overload (MOV). Reminiscent of the rapid cellular growth observed with cancer, we hypothesized that in response to MOV, skeletal muscle would undergo metabolic programming to sustain increased demands to support hypertrophy. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the gene expression of specific metabolic pathways taken from transcriptomic microarray data of a MOV time course. We found an upregulation of genes involved in the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathways (PPP) and mitochondrial branch of the folate cycle suggesting an increase in the production of NADPH. In addition, we sought to determine the potential role of skeletal muscle-enriched microRNA (myomiRs) and satellite cells in the regulation of the metabolic pathways that changed during MOV. We observed an inverse pattern in gene expression between muscle-enriched myomiR-1 and its known target gene glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6pdx, suggesting myomiR regulation of PPP activation in response to MOV. Satellite cell fusion had a significant but modest impact on PPP gene expression. These transcriptomic findings suggest the robust muscle hypertrophy induced by MOV requires enhanced redox metabolism via PPP production of NADPH which is potentially regulated by a myomiR network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Valentino
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Vandre C. Figueiredo
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Physical TherapyCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | | | - John J. McCarthy
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Ivan J. Vechetti
- Department of Nutrition and Health SciencesCollege of Education and Human SciencesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
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18
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Praud C, Pampouille E, Le Bihan-Duval E, Berri C. Refining the Diagnosis of Growth-Related Muscle Abnormalities in Chickens Based on the Nomenclature Used to Characterise Human Myopathies. Front Physiol 2021; 12:745031. [PMID: 34790133 PMCID: PMC8592233 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.745031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cécile Berri
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, Nouzilly, France
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19
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Santos MN, Rothschild D, Widowski TM, Barbut S, Kiarie EG, Mandell I, Guerin MT, Edwards AM, Torrey S. In pursuit of a better broiler: carcass traits and muscle myopathies in conventional and slower-growing strains of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101309. [PMID: 34280646 PMCID: PMC8318900 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection for accelerated growth rate and high breast yield in broiler chickens have been associated with an increase in myopathies, including wooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS). To investigate effects of growth rate on carcass traits and incidence of myopathies, 14 strains were evaluated, encompassing 2 conventional (CONV; strains B and C: ADG0-48 > 60 g/d) and 12 slower-growing (SL) strains. The latter were categorized based on growth rate: FAST (strains F, G, I and M; ADG0-62=53-55 g/d), MOD (strains E, H, O and S; ADG0-62=50-51 g/d), and SLOW (strains D, J, K and N; ADG0-62<50 g/d). In a randomized incomplete block design, 7,216 mixed-sex birds were equally allocated into 164 pens (44 birds/pen; 30 kg/m2), with each strain represented in 8 to 12 pens over 2 to 3 production cycles. From each pen, 4 males and 4 females were processed at 2 Target Weights (TWs) based on their expected time to reach 2.1 kg BW (TW 1: 34 d for CONV; 48 d for SL strains) and 3.2 kg BW (TW 2: 48 d for CONV; 62 d for SL strains). Weights and yields for the carcass, breast, drumsticks, thighs, and wings were obtained; breast fillets were assessed to determine the presence and severity of WB and WS. At both TWs, breast yield was higher as growth rate increased (P < 0.001), with CONV having greater breast yield than other categories. Strain F had the greatest breast yield at both TWs (P < 0.001) within the FAST category. At TW 2, CONV had the greatest incidence of WB and WS (P < 0.001). However, within FAST, strain F had the greatest incidence of myopathies (P < 0.001) at both TWs, exhibiting values as high or as greater than CONV birds. The incidence of WB and WS in strains with differing growth rates but high breast meat yield suggests that the latter may play a major role in the occurrence of these myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midian N Santos
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Daniel Rothschild
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tina M Widowski
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shai Barbut
- Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ira Mandell
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michele T Guerin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - A Michelle Edwards
- Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Stephanie Torrey
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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20
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Kong B, Khatri B, Kang S, Shouse S, Kadhim H, Kidd M, Lassiter K, Hiltz J, Mallmann B, Orlowski S, Anthony N, Bottje W, Kuenzel W, Owens C. Blood Plasma Biomarkers for Woody Breast Disease in Commercial Broilers. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712694. [PMID: 34366899 PMCID: PMC8339902 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Woody breast (WB) myopathy results in poor muscle quality. The increasing incidence of WB over the last several years indicates a need for improved prediction or early diagnosis. We hypothesized that the use of body fluids, including blood, may be more suitable than breast muscle tissue in developing a minimally invasive diagnostic tool for WB detection. To identify potential early-age-biomarkers that may represent the potential onset of WB, blood samples were collected from 100, 4 wks old commercial male broilers. At 8 wks of age, WB conditions were scored by manual palpation. A total of 32 blood plasma samples (eight for each group of WB and non-WB control birds at two time points, 4 wks and 8 wks) were subjected to shotgun proteomics and untargeted metabolomics to identify differentially abundant plasma proteins and metabolites in WB broilers compared to non-WB control (Con) broilers. From the proteomics assay, 25 and 16 plasma proteins were differentially abundant (p < 0.05) in the 4 and 8 wks old samples, respectively, in WB compared with Con broilers. Of those, FRA10A associated CGG repeat 1 (FRAG10AC1) showed >2-fold higher abundance in WB compared with controls. In the 8 wks old broilers, 4 and 12 plasma proteins displayed higher and lower abundances, respectively, in WB compared with controls. Myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) showed more than 2-fold higher abundances in WB compared with controls, while transferrin (TF) and complement C1s (C1S) showed more than 2-fold lower abundances compared with controls. From the untargeted metabolomics assay, 33 and 19 plasma metabolites were differentially abundant in birds at 4 and 8 wks of age, respectively, in WB compared with controls. In 4 wks old broilers, plasma 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HB) and raffinose concentrations showed the highest and lowest fold changes, respectively, in WB compared with controls. The blood plasma 3-HB and raffinose concentrations were confirmed with targeted biochemical assays. Blood biomarkers, such as 3-HB and raffinose, may be suitable candidate targets in the prediction of WB onset at early ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungwhi Kong
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Bhuwan Khatri
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Seong Kang
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Stephanie Shouse
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Hakeem Kadhim
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.,Veterinary Medicine College, University of Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - Michael Kidd
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kentu Lassiter
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Joseph Hiltz
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Barbara Mallmann
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Sara Orlowski
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Nicholas Anthony
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Walter Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Wayne Kuenzel
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Casey Owens
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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21
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Baldi G, Soglia F, Petracci M. Spaghetti Meat Abnormality in Broilers: Current Understanding and Future Research Directions. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684497. [PMID: 34135775 PMCID: PMC8202004 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spaghetti meat (SM) is a recent muscular abnormality that affects the Pectoralis major muscle of fast-growing broilers. As the appellative suggests, this condition phenotypically manifests as a loss of integrity of the breast muscle, which appears soft, mushy, and sparsely tight, resembling spaghetti pasta. The incidence of SM can reach up to 20% and its occurrence exerts detrimental effects on meat composition, nutritional value, and technological properties, accounting for an overall decreased meat value and important economic losses related to the necessity to downgrade affected meats. However, due to its recentness, the causative mechanisms are still partially unknown and less investigated compared to other muscular abnormalities (i.e., White Striping and Wooden Breast), for which cellular stress and hypoxia caused by muscle hypertrophy are believed to be the main triggering factors. Within this scenario, the present review aims at providing a clear and concise summary of the available knowledge concerning SM abnormality and concurrently presenting the existing research gaps, as well as the potential future developments in the field.
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Wang J, Clark DL, Jacobi SK, Velleman SG. Alpha-tocopherol acetate and alpha lipoic acid may mitigate the development of wooden breast myopathy in broilers at an early age. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:749-758. [PMID: 33988058 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1927985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. The objective of this study was to identify the effects of the antioxidant alpha-tocopherol acetate (ATA) and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) which have anti-inflammatory effects on developmental onset, severity and the progression of wooden breast (WB) based on Pectoralis major (P. major) muscle morphology and expression of genes associated with WB during the first three weeks post-hatch.2. A total of 160 newly hatched Ross 708 broiler chicks were randomly assigned in a replicated trial to either a control group or three dietary treatments (ATA 160 mg/kg feed, ALA 500 mg/kg feed or in combination).3. Microscopic changes associated with WB began at one week of age in all groups. The ATA acetate and ALA fed in combination decreased WB severity at two weeks of age (P = 0.05) and ATA alone or in combination reduced severity at three weeks of age compared to the control group (P = 0.05). Expression of myogenic determination factor 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma was reduced in all dietary treatments compared to the control at three weeks of age (P ≤ 0.05), which suggested reduced muscle degeneration and lipid deposition.4. ATA and ALA fed both independently and in combination had a positive effect on mitigating WB severity microscopically as early as two weeks of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - D L Clark
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - S K Jacobi
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - S G Velleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
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Soglia F, Petracci M, Davoli R, Zappaterra M. A critical review of the mechanisms involved in the occurrence of growth-related abnormalities affecting broiler chicken breast muscles. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101180. [PMID: 33975044 PMCID: PMC8131729 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the poultry industry has faced the occurrence of growth-related muscular abnormalities that mainly affect, with a high incidence rate, the Pectoralis major of the fast-growing genotypes selected for their production performances (high growth rate and breast yield). These myopathies are termed as White Striping, Wooden Breast, and Spaghetti Meat and exhibit distinctive phenotypes. A spatiotemporal distribution has been demonstrated for these disorders as in the early stage they primarily affect the superficial area in the cranial portion of the muscle and, as the birds grow older, involve the entire tissue. Aside from their distinctive phenotypes, these myopathies share common histological features. Thus, it might be speculated that common causative mechanisms might be responsible for the physiological and structural perturbations in the muscle associated with these conditions and might underpin their occurrence. The present review paper aims to represent a critical survey of the outcomes of all the histologic and ultrastructural observations carried out on White Striping, Wooden Breast, and Spaghetti Meat affected muscles. Our analysis has been performed by combining these outcomes with the findings of the genetic studies, trying to identify possible initial causative mechanisms triggering the onset and the time-series of the events ultimately resulting in the development and progression of the growth-related myopathies currently affecting broilers Pectoralis major muscles. Several evidences support the hypothesis that sarcoplasmic reticulum stress, primarily induced an accumulation of misfolded proteins (but also driven by other factors including altered calcium homeostasis and accumulation of fatty acids), may be responsible for the onset of these growth-related myopathies in broilers. At the same time, the development of hypoxic conditions, as a direct consequence of an inadequate vascularization, triggers a time-series sequence of events (i.e., phlebitis, oxidative stress, etc.) resulting in the activation of response mechanisms (i.e., modifications in the energetic metabolism, inflammation, degeneration, and regeneration) which are all strictly related to the progression of these myopathic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Soglia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Italy
| | - M Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - R Davoli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Italy
| | - M Zappaterra
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Italy
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Caldas-Cueva JP, Mauromoustakos A, Sun X, Owens CM. Detection of woody breast condition in commercial broiler carcasses using image analysis. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100977. [PMID: 33632474 PMCID: PMC8046952 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Image analysis could be an objective and rapid method to identify woody breast (WB) myopathy and benefit the global poultry industry. The objective of this study was to determine if there are conformational changes that can be used to detect WB characteristics in commercial broiler carcasses across strains, gender, and ages using image analysis. A total of 900 images of male and female broiler carcasses from commercial standard and high breast-yielding strains and 5 ages (6 through 10 wk) were captured before evisceration. These images were processed and analyzed using ImageJ software. Conformational measurements were M0: breast length; M1: breast width in the cranial region; M2: vertical line from the tip of keel to 1/5th of breast length; M3: breast width at the end of M2; M4: angle formed at the tip of keel and extending to outer points of M3; M5: area of the triangle formed by M3 and lines generated by M4; M6: area of the breast above M3; M7: M6 minus M5. Ratios of these measurements were also considered. Intact breast fillets were scored for WB severity based on tactile evaluation. Regardless of strain, sex, and age, M11 (M1/M0), M9 (M3/M2), and M4 had the highest correlation to WB score (rs ≥ 0.65; P < 0.01). Overall, the best validated model (Gen. R2 = 0.61) to predict WB included M1, M2, and M3. Using this model, 91% of broiler carcasses were properly classified as normal or WB along with a sensitivity of 71% to detect affected carcasses. Although the predictive performance of models for detecting the WB condition using these measurements was associated with the broiler strain, sex, and age or live weight, these data also support the feasibility of using image analysis to predict WB defect in broiler carcasses. The possible integration of these image measurements into commercial noncontact, nondestructive, and fast in-line vision grading systems would allow processors to identify broilers with WB and potentially sort, provide large-scale information downstream to further processing operations and upstream to live production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Caldas-Cueva
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - A Mauromoustakos
- Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - X Sun
- School of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Anhui, China 239000
| | - Casey M Owens
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA.
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Upstream Regulator Analysis of Wooden Breast Myopathy Proteomics in Commercial Broilers and Comparison to Feed Efficiency Proteomics in Pedigree Male Broilers. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010104. [PMID: 33419207 PMCID: PMC7825620 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In an effort to understand the apparent trade-off between the continual push for growth performance and the recent emergence of muscle pathologies, shotgun proteomics was conducted on breast muscle obtained at ~8 weeks from commercial broilers with wooden breast (WB) myopathy and compared with that in pedigree male (PedM) broilers exhibiting high feed efficiency (FE). Comparison of the two proteomic datasets was facilitated using the overlay function of Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) (Qiagen, CA, USA). We focused on upstream regulator analysis and disease-function analysis that provides predictions of activation or inhibition of molecules based on (a) expression of downstream target molecules, (b) the IPA scientific citation database. Angiopoeitin 2 (ANGPT2) exhibited the highest predicted activation Z-score of all molecules in the WB dataset, suggesting that the proteomic landscape of WB myopathy would promote vascularization. Overlaying the FE proteomics data on the WB ANGPT2 upstream regulator network presented no commonality of protein expression and no prediction of ANGPT2 activation. Peroxisome proliferator coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) was predicted to be inhibited, suggesting that mitochondrial biogenesis was suppressed in WB. PGC1α was predicted to be activated in high FE pedigree male broilers. Whereas RICTOR (rapamycin independent companion of mammalian target of rapamycin) was predicted to be inhibited in both WB and FE datasets, the predictions were based on different downstream molecules. Other transcription factors predicted to be activated in WB muscle included epidermal growth factor (EGFR), X box binding protein (XBP1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2). Inhibitions of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT) and estrogen related receptor gamma (ESRRG) were also predicted in the WB muscle. These findings indicate that there are considerable differences in upstream regulators based on downstream protein expression observed in WB myopathy and in high FE PedM broilers that may provide additional insight into the etiology of WB myopathy.
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Abasht B, Papah MB, Qiu J. Evidence of vascular endothelial dysfunction in Wooden Breast disorder in chickens: Insights through gene expression analysis, ultra-structural evaluation and supervised machine learning methods. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243983. [PMID: 33395447 PMCID: PMC7781381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several gene expression studies have been previously conducted to characterize molecular basis of Wooden Breast myopathy in commercial broiler chickens. These studies have generally used a limited sample size and relied on a binary disease outcome (unaffected or affected by Wooden Breast), which are appropriate for an initial investigation. However, to identify biomarkers of disease severity and development, it is necessary to use a large number of samples with a varying degree of disease severity. Therefore, in this study, we assayed a relatively large number of samples (n = 96) harvested from the pectoralis major muscle of unaffected (U), partially affected (P) and markedly affected (A) chickens. Gene expression analysis was conducted using the nCounter MAX Analysis System and data were analyzed using four different supervised machine-learning methods, including support vector machines (SVM), random forests (RF), elastic net logistic regression (ENET) and Lasso logistic regression (LASSO). The SVM method achieved the highest prediction accuracy for both three-class (U, P and A) and two-class (U and P+A) classifications with 94% prediction accuracy for two-class classification and 85% for three-class classification. The results also identified biomarkers of Wooden Breast severity and development. Additionally, gene expression analysis and ultrastructural evaluations provided evidence of vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in the early pathogenesis of Wooden Breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Papah
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Applied Economics and Statistics, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
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27
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Wang J, Clark DL, Jacobi SK, Velleman SG. Effect of vitamin E and alpha lipoic acid on intestinal development associated with wooden breast myopathy in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100952. [PMID: 33652526 PMCID: PMC7936179 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal development is closely associated with inflammatory wooden breast (WB) myopathy. Vitamin E (VE) and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were used independently and in combination to evaluate their effects on intestinal developmental changes in ileal morphology and expression of genes related with gut nutrient transport, structure, and inflammation in broilers during the first 3 wk posthatch. A total of 160 newly hatched Ross 708 broiler chicks were randomly assigned into a control and 3 dietary treatments with 10 replicates of 4 birds each. Supplementation of VE (160 mg/kg) and ALA (500 mg/kg) independently and in combination were fed during the first 3 wk. At 1, 2, and 3 wk of age, one chick from each pen was harvested. Plasma VE concentration and ileal morphology were determined. Gene expression was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Broilers in VE and combination of ALA and VE group had higher plasma VE concentration than the control and ALA group at 1, 2, and 3 wk of age (P < 0.01). All dietary treatments increased ileal villus height at 1 wk of age (P < 0.01) and decreased intraepithelial lymphocytes at 3 wk of age compared to the control (P ≤ 0.05). Combination of VE and ALA increased collagen type IV alpha 1 chain expression (P ≤ 0.05) and improved basement membrane structure indicating increased gut basement membrane integrity at 2 and 3 wk of age compared to the control. Expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor associated with inflammation was decreased in all dietary treatments at 3 wk of age compared to the control (P < 0.01). Ileal morphology and gene expression were closely correlated with breast muscle morphology and gene expression. These results suggest that VE and ALA especially when they were combined in the diet had positive effects on mitigating intestinal inflammation and improving nutrient transport beginning at 1 wk of age, which is likely critical in reducing the severity of WB.
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Wang J, Clark DL, Jacobi SK, Velleman SG. Effect of early posthatch supplementation of vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids on the severity of wooden breast, breast muscle morphological structure, and gene expression in the broiler breast muscle. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5925-5935. [PMID: 33142510 PMCID: PMC7647921 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wooden breast (WB) has arisen primarily in the breast muscle of commercial broilers. It is characterized by palpation of a rigid pectoralis major (p. major) muscle and is under severe oxidative stress and inflammation. Previous studies have shown that vitamin E (VE) has antioxidant properties and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids have an anti-inflammatory effect. The objectives of this study were to identify the effects of VE and n-3 fatty acids on the severity of WB, morphological structure of the p. major muscle, expression of genes likely associated with WB and to determine the most beneficial supplementation period. A total of 210 Ross 708 broilers were randomly assigned into 7 treatments with 10 replicates of 3 birds each. The control group received a corn–soybean meal basal diet during the entire study (0–58 d). Supplementation of VE (200 IU/kg), n-3 fatty acids (n-6/n-3 ratio of 3.2:1), or combination of both were fed during the starter phase (0–10 d) or grower phase (11–24 d). All broilers were harvested at 58 d of age. Morphological assessment of the p. major muscle included myofiber width, perimysial and endomysial connective tissue space, overall morphological structure, and scoring of WB microscopically. Gene expression was measured using nanostring analysis. Genes associated with muscle development and growth factors, inflammation, extracellular matrix, and glucose metabolism were differentially expressed in the p. major muscle of the broilers supplemented with VE in the grower diet. Greater than 2 times more giant myofibers (≥70 μm) were found in the group supplemented with VE and n-3 fatty acids in the starter diet compared with the group fed VE in the grower diet (P = 0.02). Microscopic evaluation showed that VE supplementation in the grower diet had a 16.19% increase in muscle with no WB compared with the control group (P = 0.05). These data suggest that supplementation of VE during the grower phase may reduce the severity of WB in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster OH 44691
| | - Daniel L Clark
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster OH 44691
| | - Sheila K Jacobi
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster OH 44691
| | - Sandra G Velleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster OH 44691.
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Bailey RA, Souza E, Avendano S. Characterising the Influence of Genetics on Breast Muscle Myopathies in Broiler Chickens. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1041. [PMID: 32973559 PMCID: PMC7468472 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This report provides the first estimates of the genetic basis of all key breast muscle myopathies (BMM) in broiler chickens [Deep pectoral myopathy, wooden breast, white striping and spaghetti breast] and their relationship with body weight and breast yield. Data from a pure bred high yielding commercial broiler line were analysed to estimate the genetic parameters using a multivariate animal model with the appropriate fixed effects and permanent environmental effect of the dam. Heritabilities of the BMM ranged from 0.04 to 0.25 and the genetic correlation of the BMM with body weight and breast yield ranged from -0.06 to 0.41. Here we highlight that the genetic variance of BMM accounts for a low proportion of the phenotypic variance and the BMM have a low genetic relationship with performance traits. The large contribution of residual variance to the phenotypic variance for the BBM was >71.5% which indicates the importance of the non-genetic effects on BMM. The data presented also show that the moderate to low genetic influence for the development of BMM can be used, through balanced selection, to reduce the myopathy incidence in the long term. The impact of genetic selection against BMM was tested empirically by comparing the incidence of WB and % breast yield of a commercial broiler with a high generation (HG) broiler. The HG broiler used represents 2 years of genetic improvement compared to the commercial broiler; the HG broiler had an 18.4% relative decrease in WB and a 1.02% relative increase in breast yield compared to the commercial broiler. This paper describes the relationship between the genetic and non-genetic factors influencing BMM highlighting the importance of understanding the non-genetic effects on myopathy incidence. It also shows that the genetic component of BMM can be reduced whilst at the same time improving breast yield as part of balanced breeding goals.
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Oviedo-Rondón EO, Córdova-Noboa HA. The Potential of Guanidino Acetic Acid to Reduce the Occurrence and Severity of Broiler Muscle Myopathies. Front Physiol 2020; 11:909. [PMID: 32922302 PMCID: PMC7456982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is the biochemical precursor of creatine, which, in its phosphorylated form, is an essential high-energy carrier in the muscle. Although creatine has limited stability in feed processing, GAA is well established as a source of creatine in the animal feed industry. Published data demonstrate beneficial effects of GAA supplementation on muscle creatine, energy compounds, and antioxidant status, leading to improvements in broiler body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and breast meat yield. Although increases in weight gain and meat yield are often associated with wooden breast (WB) and other myopathies, recent reports have suggested the potential of GAA supplementation to reduce the occurrence and severity of WB while improving breast meat yield. This disorder increases the hardness of the Pectoralis major muscle and has emerged as a current challenge to the broiler industry worldwide by impacting meat quality. Genetic selection, fast-growth rates, and environmental stressors have been identified to be the main factors related to this myopathy, but the actual cause of this disorder is still unknown. Creatine supplementation has been used as a nutritional prescription in the treatment of several muscular myopathies in humans and other animals. Because GAA is a common feed additive in poultry production, the potential of GAA supplementation to reduce broiler myopathies has been investigated in experimental and commercial scenarios. In addition, a few studies have evaluated the potential of creatine in plasma and blood enzymes related to creatine to be used as potential markers for WB. The evidence indicates that GAA could potentially minimize the incidence of WB. More data are warranted to understand the factors affecting the potential efficacy of GAA to reduce the occurrence and severity of myopathies.
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Caldas-Cueva JP, Owens CM. A review on the woody breast condition, detection methods, and product utilization in the contemporary poultry industry. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa207. [PMID: 32783056 PMCID: PMC7419734 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the global poultry industry has been facing increasing and challenging myopathies such as the woody breast (WB) condition that has caused significant economic losses. Even though the etiological causes of WB myopathy are still unknown or partially understood, the intensive genetic selection for rapid-growth rates and high yields in broilers may be the main factor associated with the development of this abnormality. The severity of this anomaly and its incidence rates are associated with fast-growing and heavier broilers, especially with those from high breast yielding strains. Such WB myopathy is primarily characterized by a notorious hardness in broiler breast muscles, which exhibit morphometric and histopathological alterations coupled with physicochemical abnormalities that result in undesired sensory, nutritional, and technological properties. In this negative context, although scientists are trying to solve or reduce the prevalence of this meat quality problem, the poultry industry needs noncontact and rapid in-line methods for WB detection at the fillet and/or carcass level that could help to establish automated objective grading or sorting systems according to its severity. Another need is the development and selection of profitable alternatives for the utilization of WB meat once poultry carcasses or deboned fillets affected by this abnormality are objectively detected and sorted. Indeed, there is a need for studies to expand the industrial applications of WB meat in further processed products, optimizing the incorporation of this affected chicken meat based on sensorial, technological, and nutritional profile evaluations. Even though a better understanding of the contribution of genetic and nongenetic factors to the development of growth-related myopathies can be the main strategy to mitigate their negative effects, the poultry industry could benefit from meeting the aforementioned needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Casey M Owens
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
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32
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Soglia F, Petracci M, Puolanne E. Sarcomere lengths in wooden breast broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1761271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Soglia
- Dipartemento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Petracci
- Dipartemento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Eero Puolanne
- Elintarvike- ja ympäristötieteiden osasto, Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Suomi
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Ferreira TZ, Kindlein L, Flees JJ, Shortnacy LK, Vieira SL, Nascimento VP, Meloche KJ, Starkey JD. Characterization of Pectoralis Major Muscle Satellite Cell Population Heterogeneity, Macrophage Density, and Collagen Infiltration in Broiler Chickens Affected by Wooden Breast. Front Physiol 2020; 11:529. [PMID: 32536877 PMCID: PMC7268892 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle satellite cells (MSCs) are myogenic stem cells that play a critical role in post-hatch skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Activation of regeneration pathways to repair muscle fiber damage requires both the proliferation and differentiation of different MSC populations as well as the function of resident phagocytic cells such as anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory macrophages. The Wooden Breast (WB) phenotype in broiler chickens is characterized by myofiber degeneration and extensive fibrosis. Previous work indicates that the resident MSC populations expressing the myogenic regulatory factors, Myf-5 and Pax7 are larger and more proliferative in broilers severely affected with WB vs. unaffected broilers. To further characterize the cellular and molecular changes occurring in WB-affected muscles, samples from pectoralis major (PM) muscles with varying severity of WB (WB score 0 = normal; 1 = mildly affected; 2 = severely affected) were collected at 25 and 43 days post-hatch (n = 8 per score per age) and processed for cryohistological and protein expression analyses. Collagen per field and densities of macrophages and MyoD+, Myf-5+, and Pax7+ MSC populations were quantified on immunofluorescence-stained cryosections. Relative collagen protein expression was quantified by fluorescent Western Blotting. In both 25 and 43-days-old broilers, the proportion of collagen per field (P ≤ 0.021) and macrophage density (P ≤ 0.074) were greater in PM exhibiting severe WB compared with normal. At day 43, populations of MyoD+, Myf-5+:MyoD+ MSC were larger and relative collagen protein expression was greater in WB-affected vs. unaffected broilers (P ≤ 0.05). Pax7+ MSC relative to total cells was also increased as WB severity increased in 43-days-old broilers (P ≤ 0.05). Densities of Myf-5+ (P = 0.092), MyoD+ (P = 0.030), Myf5+:MyoD+ (P = 0.046), and Myf-5+:MyoD+:Pax7+ (P = 0.048) MSC were greater in WB score 1 birds compared with WB score 0 and 2 birds. Overall, alterations in the resident MSC and macrophage populations and collagen protein content were observed in WB-affected muscle. Further investigation will be required to determine how these changes in cell population kinetics and local autocrine and paracrine signaling are involved in the apparent dysregulation of muscle maintenance in WB-affected broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Z Ferreira
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liris Kindlein
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joshua J Flees
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Lauren K Shortnacy
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Sergio L Vieira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vladimir P Nascimento
- Department of Animal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kathryn J Meloche
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Jessica D Starkey
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Lake JA, Abasht B. Glucolipotoxicity: A Proposed Etiology for Wooden Breast and Related Myopathies in Commercial Broiler Chickens. Front Physiol 2020; 11:169. [PMID: 32231585 PMCID: PMC7083144 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wooden breast is one of several myopathies of fast-growing commercial broilers that has emerged as a consequence of intensive selection practices in the poultry breeding industry. Despite the substantial economic burden presented to broiler producers worldwide by wooden breast and related muscle disorders such as white striping, the genetic and etiological underpinnings of these diseases are still poorly understood. Here we propose a new hypothesis on the primary causes of wooden breast that implicates dysregulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Our hypothesis addresses recent findings that have suggested etiologic similarities between wooden breast and type 2 diabetes despite their phenotypic disparities. Unlike in mammals, dysregulation of lipid and glucose metabolism is not accompanied by an increase in plasma glucose levels but generates a unique skeletal muscle phenotype, i.e., wooden breast, in chickens. We hypothesize that these phenotypic disparities result from a major difference in skeletal muscle glucose transport between birds and mammals, and that the wooden breast phenotype most closely resembles complications of diabetes in smooth and cardiac muscle of mammals. Additional basic research on wooden breast and related muscle disorders in commercial broiler chickens is necessary and can be informative for poultry breeding and production as well as for human health and disease. To inform future studies, this paper reviews the current biological knowledge of wooden breast, outlines the major steps in its proposed pathogenesis, and examines how selection for production traits may have contributed to its prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juniper A. Lake
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Behnam Abasht
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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Phillips CA, Reading BJ, Livingston M, Livingston K, Ashwell CM. Evaluation via Supervised Machine Learning of the Broiler Pectoralis Major and Liver Transcriptome in Association With the Muscle Myopathy Wooden Breast. Front Physiol 2020; 11:101. [PMID: 32158398 PMCID: PMC7052112 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The muscle myopathy wooden breast (WB) has recently appeared in broiler production and has a negative impact on meat quality. WB is described as hard/firm consistency found within the pectoralis major (PM). In the present study, we use machine learning from our PM and liver transcriptome dataset to capture the complex relationships that are not typically revealed by traditional statistical methods. Gene expression data was evaluated between the PM and liver of birds with WB and those that were normal. Two separate machine learning algorithms were performed to analyze the data set including the sequential minimal optimization (SMO) of support vector machines (SVMs) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Machine learning algorithms were compared to identify genes within a gene expression data set of approximately 16,000 genes for both liver and PM, which can be correctly classified from birds with or without WB. The performance of both machine learning algorithms SMO and MLP was determined using percent correct classification during the cross-validations. By evaluating the WB transcriptome datasets by 5× cross-validation using ANNs, the expression of nine genes ranked based on Shannon Entropy (Information Gain) from PM were able to correctly classify if the individual bird was normal or exhibited WB 100% of the time. These top nine genes were all protein coding and potential biomarkers. When PM gene expression data were evaluated between normal birds and those with WB using SVMs they were correctly classified 95% of the time using 450 of the top genes sorted ranked based on Shannon Entropy (Information Gain) as a preprocessing step. When evaluating the 450 attributes that were 95% correctly classified using SVMs through Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) there was an overlap in top genes identified through MLP. This analysis allowed the identification of critical transcriptional responses for the first time in both liver and muscle during the onset of WB. The information provided has revealed many molecules and pathways making up a complex molecular mechanism involved with the progression of wooden breast and suggests that the etiology of the myopathy is not limited to activity in the muscle alone, but is an altered systemic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A. Phillips
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Reading
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Matthew Livingston
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Kimberly Livingston
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Chris M. Ashwell
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Physiochemical properties, protein and metabolite profiles of muscle exudate of chicken meat affected by wooden breast myopathy. Food Chem 2020; 316:126271. [PMID: 32036178 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the physiochemical properties, protein and metabolite profiles of muscle exudate obtained from chicken breast fillets affected by wooden breast (WB) myopathy. Twenty-four fillets were categorized into varying degrees of WB condition including normal, moderate and severe. Results indicated that exudate loss, free hemoglobin concentration, protein and lipid oxidation were affected by WB myopathy. Electrophoresis analysis showed eight distinct protein bands of differential relative abundance in WB samples compared with the normal, and the identified proteins were mostly involved in carbohydrate metabolic process. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics identified eleven metabolites including amino acids, nucleotides and organic acid as the most influential metabolites affected by WB myopathy. Overall, this study shows differential molecular profiles of myopathic chicken muscle exudate, and provides a valuable resource for further recognition of WB myopathy.
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Soglia F, Silva A, Lião L, Laghi L, Petracci M. Effect of broiler breast abnormality and freezing on meat quality and metabolites assessed by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. Poult Sci 2019; 98:7139-7150. [PMID: 31529072 PMCID: PMC8913964 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Soglia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - A.K. Silva
- Federal University of Goiás, Chemical Institute, NMR Laboratory, Esperança Avenue, Samambaia Campus, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - L.M. Lião
- Federal University of Goiás, Chemical Institute, NMR Laboratory, Esperança Avenue, Samambaia Campus, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - L. Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - M. Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Corresponding author
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Papah MB, Abasht B. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism and appearance of slow myofiber-specific isoforms accompany the development of Wooden Breast myopathy in modern broiler chickens. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17170. [PMID: 31748687 PMCID: PMC6868161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous transcriptomic studies have hypothesized the occurrence of slow myofiber-phenotype, and dysregulation of lipid metabolism as being associated with the development of Wooden Breast (WB), a meat quality defect in commercial broiler chickens. To gain a deep understanding of the manifestation and implication of these two biological processes in health and disease states in chickens, cellular and global expression of specific genes related to the respective processes were examined in pectoralis major muscles of modern fast-growing and unselected slow-growing chickens. Using RNA in situ hybridization, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was found to be expressed in endothelial cells of capillaries and small-caliber veins in chickens. RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulation of lipid-related genes in WB-affected chickens at week 3 and downregulation at week 7 of age. On the other hand, cellular localization of slow myofiber-type genes revealed their increased expression in mature myofibers of WB-affected chickens. Similarly, global expression of slow myofiber-type genes showed upregulation in affected chickens at both timepoints. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show the expression of LPL from the vascular endothelium in chickens. This study also confirms the existence of slow myofiber-phenotype and provides mechanistic insights into increased lipid uptake and metabolism in WB disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Papah
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Delaware, DE, USA
| | - Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Delaware, DE, USA.
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Lake JA, Papah MB, Abasht B. Increased Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes in Early Stages of Wooden Breast Links Myopathy of Broilers to Metabolic Syndrome in Humans. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E746. [PMID: 31557856 PMCID: PMC6826700 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wooden breast is a muscle disorder affecting modern commercial broiler chickens that causes a palpably firm pectoralis major muscle and severe reduction in meat quality. Most studies have focused on advanced stages of wooden breast apparent at market age, resulting in limited insights into the etiology and early pathogenesis of the myopathy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify early molecular signals in the wooden breast transcriptional cascade by performing gene expression analysis on the pectoralis major muscle of two-week-old birds that may later exhibit the wooden breast phenotype by market age at 7 weeks. Biopsy samples of the left pectoralis major muscle were collected from 101 birds at 14 days of age. Birds were subsequently raised to 7 weeks of age to allow sample selection based on the wooden breast phenotype at market age. RNA-sequencing was performed on 5 unaffected and 8 affected female chicken samples, selected based on wooden breast scores (0 to 4) assigned at necropsy where affected birds had scores of 2 or 3 (mildly or moderately affected) while unaffected birds had scores of 0 (no apparent gross lesions). Differential expression analysis identified 60 genes found to be significant at an FDR-adjusted p-value of 0.05. Of these, 26 were previously demonstrated to exhibit altered expression or genetic polymorphisms related to glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus in mammals. Additionally, 9 genes have functions directly related to lipid metabolism and 11 genes are associated with adiposity traits such as intramuscular fat and body mass index. This study suggests that wooden breast disease is first and foremost a metabolic disorder characterized primarily by ectopic lipid accumulation in the pectoralis major.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juniper A Lake
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
| | - Michael B Papah
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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