1
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Herneisen AL, Peters ML, Smith TA, Shortt E, Lourido S. SPARK regulates AGC kinases central to the Toxoplasma gondii asexual cycle. eLife 2024; 13:RP93877. [PMID: 39136687 PMCID: PMC11321763 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites balance proliferation, persistence, and spread in their metazoan hosts. AGC kinases, such as PKG, PKA, and the PDK1 ortholog SPARK, integrate environmental signals to toggle parasites between replicative and motile life stages. Recent studies have cataloged pathways downstream of apicomplexan PKG and PKA; however, less is known about the global integration of AGC kinase signaling cascades. Here, conditional genetics coupled to unbiased proteomics demonstrates that SPARK complexes with an elongin-like protein to regulate the stability of PKA and PKG in the model apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii. Defects attributed to SPARK depletion develop after PKG and PKA are down-regulated. Parasites lacking SPARK differentiate into the chronic form of infection, which may arise from reduced activity of a coccidian-specific PKA ortholog. This work delineates the signaling topology of AGC kinases that together control transitions within the asexual cycle of this important family of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L Herneisen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Michelle L Peters
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Tyler A Smith
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Emily Shortt
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sebastian Lourido
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
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2
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Han J, Liu CX, Liu J, Wang CR, Wang SC, Miao G. AGC kinases OXI1 and AGC2-2 regulate camalexin secretion and disease resistance by phosphorylating transporter PDR6. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1835-1850. [PMID: 38535832 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Plant transporters regulating the distribution of secondary metabolites play critical roles in defending against pathogens, insects, and interacting with beneficial microbes. The phosphorylation of these transporters can alter their activity, stability, and intracellular protein trafficking. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying this modification remains elusive. In this study, we discovered two orthologs of mammalian PKA, PKG, and PKC (AGC) kinases, oxidative signal-inducible 1 (OXI1) and its closest homologue, AGC subclass 2 member 2 (AGC2-2; 75% amino acid sequence identity with OXI1), associated with the extracellular secretion of camalexin and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resistance to Pseudomonas syringae, and Botrytis cinerea. These kinases can undergo in vitro kinase reactions with three pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters: PDR6, PDR8, and PDR12. Moreover, our investigation confirmed PDR6 interaction with OXI1 and AGC2-2. By performing LC-MS/MS and parallel reaction monitoring, we identified the phosphorylation sites on PDR6 targeted by these kinases. Notably, chitin-induced PDR6 phosphorylation at specific residues, namely S31, S33, S827, and T832. Additional insights emerged by expressing dephosphorylated PDR6 variants in a pdr6 mutant background, revealing that the target residues S31, S33, and S827 promote PDR6 efflux activity, while T832 potentially contributes to PDR6 stability within the plasma membrane. The findings of this study elucidate partial mechanisms involved in the activity regulation of PDR-type transporters, providing valuable insights for their potential application in future plant breeding endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Han
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
- Institute of Digital Ecology and Health, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
| | - Chang-Xin Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
| | - Cheng-Run Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
| | - Shun-Chang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
| | - Guopeng Miao
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
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3
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Ren QW, Liu TY, Lan HJ, Li ZC, Huang MJ, Zhao YT, Chen Y, Liao LN, Ma XH, Liu JZ. Partially knocking out NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d simultaneously in Nicotiana tabacum using CRISPR/CAS9 technology results in auxin-related developmental defects. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 343:112057. [PMID: 38460553 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The eukaryotic AGC protein kinase subfamily (protein kinase A/ protein kinase G/ protein kinase C-family) is involved in regulating numerous biological processes across kingdoms, including growth and development, and apoptosis. PDK1(3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase in eukaryotes, which is both a member of AGC kinase and a major regulator of many other downstream AGC protein kinase family members. Although extensively investigated in model plant Arabidopsis, detailed reports for tobacco PDK1s have been limited. To better understand the functions of PDK1s in tobacco, CRISPR/CAS9 transgenic lines were generated in tetraploid N. tabacum, cv. Samsun (NN) with 5-7 of the 8 copies of 4 homologous PDK1 genes in tobacco genome (NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d homologs) simultaneously knocked out. Numerous developmental defects were observed in these NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d CRISPR/CAS9 lines, including cotyledon fusion leaf shrinkage, uneven distribution of leaf veins, convex veins, root growth retardation, and reduced fertility, all of which reminiscence of impaired polar auxin transport. The severity of these defects was correlated with the number of knocked out alleles of NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d. Consistent with the observation in Arabidopsis, it was found that the polar auxin transport, and not auxin biosynthesis, was significantly compromised in these knockout lines compared with the wild type tobacco plants. The fact that no homozygous plant with all 8 NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d alleles being knocked out suggested that knocking out 8 alleles of NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d could be lethal. In conclusion, our results indicated that NtPDK1s are versatile AGC kinases that participate in regulation of tobacco growth and development via modulating polar auxin transport. Our results also indicated that CRISPR/CAS9 technology is a powerful tool in resolving gene redundancy in polyploidy plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Wei Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Tian-Yao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Hu-Jiao Lan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Zhen-Chao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Min-Jun Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Ya-Ting Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Li-Na Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Xiao-Han Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China.
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4
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Domingo G, Marsoni M, Davide E, Fortunato S, de Pinto MC, Bracale M, Molla G, Gehring C, Vannini C. The cAMP-dependent phosphorylation footprint in response to heat stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:137. [PMID: 38713285 PMCID: PMC11076351 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE cAMP modulates the phosphorylation status of highly conserved phosphosites in RNA-binding proteins crucial for mRNA metabolism and reprogramming in response to heat stress. In plants, 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (3',5'-cAMP) is a second messenger that modulates multiple cellular targets, thereby participating in plant developmental and adaptive processes. Although its role in ameliorating heat-related damage has been demonstrated, mechanisms that govern cAMP-dependent responses to heat have remained elusive. Here we analyze the role cAMP-dependent phosphorylation during prolonged heat stress (HS) with a view to gain insight into processes that govern plant responses to HS. To do so, we performed quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses in Nicotiana tabacum Bright Yellow-2 cells grown at 27 °C or 35 °C for 3 days overexpressing a molecular "sponge" that reduces free intracellular cAMP levels. Our phosphorylation data and analyses reveal that the presence of cAMP is an essential factor that governs specific protein phosphorylation events that occur during prolonged HS in BY-2 cells. Notably, cAMP modulates HS-dependent phosphorylation of proteins that functions in mRNA processing, transcriptional control, vesicular trafficking, and cell cycle regulation and this is indicative for a systemic role of the messenger. In particular, changes of cAMP levels affect the phosphorylation status of highly conserved phosphosites in 19 RNA-binding proteins that are crucial during the reprogramming of the mRNA metabolism in response to HS. Furthermore, phosphorylation site motifs and molecular docking suggest that some proteins, including kinases and phosphatases, are conceivably able to directly interact with cAMP thus further supporting a regulatory role of cAMP in plant HS responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Domingo
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - Milena Marsoni
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Eleonora Davide
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefania Fortunato
- Department of Biology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Umberto I, 70121, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marcella Bracale
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Gianluca Molla
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Chris Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Candida Vannini
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
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5
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Herneisen AL, Peters ML, Smith TA, Shortt E, Lourido S. SPARK regulates AGC kinases central to the Toxoplasma gondii asexual cycle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.30.564746. [PMID: 37961644 PMCID: PMC10634940 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites balance proliferation, persistence, and spread in their metazoan hosts. AGC kinases, such as PKG, PKA, and the PDK1 ortholog SPARK, integrate environmental signals to toggle parasites between replicative and motile life stages. Recent studies have cataloged pathways downstream of apicomplexan PKG and PKA; however, less is known about the global integration of AGC kinase signaling cascades. Here, conditional genetics coupled to unbiased proteomics demonstrates that SPARK complexes with an elongin-like protein to regulate the stability of PKA and PKG in the model apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii. Defects attributed to SPARK depletion develop after PKG and PKA are down-regulated. Parasites lacking SPARK differentiate into the chronic form of infection, which may arise from reduced activity of a coccidian-specific PKA ortholog. This work delineates the signaling topology of AGC kinases that together control transitions within the asexual cycle of this important family of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L. Herneisen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Michelle L. Peters
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Tyler A. Smith
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Emily Shortt
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sebastian Lourido
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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6
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Xie S, Luo G, An G, Wang B, Kuang H, Wang X. Lskipk Lsatpase double mutants are necessary and sufficient for the compact plant architecture of butterhead lettuce. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad280. [PMID: 38371637 PMCID: PMC10873588 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Lettuce, an important leafy vegetable crop worldwide, has rich variations in plant architecture. Butterhead lettuce, a popular horticultural type, has a unique plant architecture with loose leafy heads. The genetic and molecular mechanisms for such a compact plant architecture remain unclear. In this study we constructed a segregating population through crossing a butterhead cultivar and a stem lettuce cultivar. Genetic analysis identified the LsKIPK gene, which encodes a kinase, as the candidate gene controlling butterhead plant architecture. The Lskipk gene in the butterhead parent had a nonsense mutation, leading to a partial predicted protein. CRISPR/Cas9 and complementation tests verified its functions in plant architecture. We showed that the loss of function of LsKIPK is necessary but not sufficient for the butterhead plant architecture. To identify additional genes required for butterhead lettuce, we crossed a butterhead cultivar and a crisphead cultivar, both with the mutated Lskipk gene. Genetic mapping identified a new gene encoding an ATPase contributing to butterhead plant architecture. Knockout and complementation tests showed that loss of function of LsATPase is also required for the development of butterhead plant architecture. The Lskipk Lsatpase double mutation could reduce leaf size and leaf angle, leading to butterhead plant architecture. Expression and cytology analysis indicated that the loss of function of LsKIPK and LsATPase contributed to butterhead plant architecture by regulating cell wall development, a regulatory mechanism different from that for crisphead. This study provides new gene resources and theory for the breeding of the crop ideotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Xie
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Guangbao Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Guanghui An
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bincai Wang
- North Park, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhu Eco-park, Huangpi District, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanhui Kuang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
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7
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Villagrana R, López-Marqués RL. Plant P4-ATPase lipid flippases: How are they regulated? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119599. [PMID: 37741575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
P4 ATPases are active membrane transporters that translocate lipids towards the cytosolic side of the biological membranes in eukaryotic cells. Due to their essential cellular functions, P4 ATPase activity is expected to be tightly controlled, but fundamental aspects of the regulation of plant P4 ATPases remain unstudied. In this mini-review, our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of yeast and mammalian P4 ATPases will be summarized, and sequence comparison and structural modelling will be used as a basis to discuss the putative regulation of the corresponding plant lipid transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Villagrana
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rosa Laura López-Marqués
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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8
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Ta KN, Yoshida MW, Tezuka T, Shimizu-Sato S, Nosaka-Takahashi M, Toyoda A, Suzuki T, Goshima G, Sato Y. Control of Plant Cell Growth and Proliferation by MO25A, a Conserved Major Component of the Mammalian Sterile 20-Like Kinase Pathway. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:336-351. [PMID: 36639938 PMCID: PMC10016325 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The precise control of cell growth and proliferation underpins the development of plants and animals. These factors affect the development and size of organs and the body. In plants, the growth and proliferation of cells are regulated by environmental stimuli and intrinsic signaling, allowing different cell types to have specific growth and proliferation characteristics. An increasing number of factors that control cell division and growth have been identified. However, the mechanisms underlying cell type-specific cell growth and proliferation characteristics in the normal developmental context are poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the rice mutant osmo25a1, which is defective in the progression of embryogenesis. The osmo25a1 mutant embryo developed incomplete embryonic organs, such as the shoot and root apical meristems. It showed a delayed progression of embryogenesis, associated with the reduced mitotic activity. The causal gene of this mutation encodes a member of the Mouse protein-25A (MO25A) family of proteins that have pivotal functions in a signaling pathway that governs cell proliferation and polarity in animals, yeasts and filamentous fungi. To elucidate the function of plant MO25A at the cellular level, we performed a functional analysis of MO25A in the moss Physcomitrium patens. Physcomitrium patens MO25A was uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm and functioned in cell tip growth and the initiation of cell division in stem cells. Overall, we demonstrated that MO25A proteins are conserved factors that control cell proliferation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Nhung Ta
- Department of Genome and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Mari W Yoshida
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Takumi Tezuka
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Sae Shimizu-Sato
- Department of Genome and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Misuzu Nosaka-Takahashi
- Department of Genome and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Genome and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501 Japan
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, 429-63 Sugashima, Toba, 517-0004 Japan
| | - Yutaka Sato
- Department of Genome and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
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9
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Kimura T, Haga K, Sakai T. The phosphorylation status of NONPHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL3 affects phot2-dependent phototropism in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2027138. [PMID: 35068333 PMCID: PMC9176221 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2027138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The blue light photoreceptors, phototropin 1 (phot1) and phot2, and their signal transducer, NONPHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL3 (NPH3), are activators of the phototropic responses of Arabidopsis hypocotyls. In a recent study, we reported that the control of NPH3 phosphorylation at serine 7 (S7: or S5), S213, S223, S237, S467, S474 (or S476), and S722 (or S723) contributes to the photosensory adaptation of phot1 signaling during the phototropic response. Phosphomimetic NPH3SE mutant and unphosphorylatable NPH3SA mutant on those serine residues function efficiently under blue light conditions at fluence rates of 10-5 µmol m-2 s-1 and 10-3 µmol m-2 s-1 or more, respectively. We here demonstrate that phosphomimetic NPH3SE, but not unphosphorylatable NPH3SA, promotes phot2-dependent phototropism under blue light condition at 100 µmol m-2 s-1. This result suggests that phot1 negatively controls phot2 signaling through the dephosphorylation of NPH3 at those residues and that the hyperactivation of phot1- and phot2-NPH3 complexes does not occur at the same time under high intensity blue light. We hypothesize that the dephosphorylation of NPH3 on those serine residues suppresses both phot1 and phot2 signaling, which results in different impacts on phot1- and phot2-dependent hypocotyl phototropism due to the differences in the photosensitivity and activation levels of phot1 and phot2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ken Haga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Nippon Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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10
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Bai J, Song MJ, Gao J, Li G. Whole genome duplication and dispersed duplication characterize the evolution of the plant PINOID gene family across plant species. Gene 2022; 829:146494. [PMID: 35447241 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PINOID is a kinase belonging to the AGCVIII family, which regulates the polar distribution of PIN proteins and plays an important role in plant geotropism. However, the origin and evolutionary history of this gene family is not fully known. In this study, we identified 79 similar sequences across 17 plant species genomes (PINOID, D6PK, PINOID2, "hypothetical kinase"). Our results show that the AGCVIII kinase family may have originated from related "Hypothetical Kinases" that come out sister to the rest of the gene family members. These kinases differentiated their functions are found in different plant classes: D6PK in moss and PINOID and PINOID2 evolving in angiosperms including the pioneer plant Amborella trichopoda. Our study investigates the evolution of PINOID kinases from a phylogenetic perspective giving us insight into how this important plant signal transduction network switch evolved to play a fundamental and important function in plant growth and development. We highlight the importance of whole genome duplications and dispersed duplications as opposed to tandem duplications in the evolution of this gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Michael J Song
- Department of Biology, California State University East Bay, Hayward, CA, United States of America
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guiting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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11
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Weiß L, Gaelings L, Reiner T, Mergner J, Kuster B, Fehér A, Hensel G, Gahrtz M, Kumlehn J, Engelhardt S, Hückelhoven R. Posttranslational modification of the RHO of plants protein RACB by phosphorylation and cross-kingdom conserved ubiquitination. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0258924. [PMID: 35333858 PMCID: PMC8956194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RHO-type G-proteins act as signaling hubs and master regulators of polarity in eukaryotic cells. Their activity is tightly controlled, as defective RHO signaling leads to aberrant growth and developmental defects. Two major processes regulate G-protein activity: canonical shuttling between different nucleotide bound states and posttranslational modification (PTM), of which the latter can support or suppress RHO signaling, depending on the individual PTM. In plants, regulation of Rho of plants (ROPs) signaling activity has been shown to act through nucleotide exchange and GTP hydrolysis, as well as through lipid modification, but there is little data available on phosphorylation or ubiquitination of ROPs. Hence, we applied proteomic analyses to identify PTMs of the barley ROP RACB. We observed in vitro phosphorylation by barley ROP binding kinase 1 and in vivo ubiquitination of RACB. Comparative analyses of the newly identified RACB phosphosites and human RHO protein phosphosites revealed conservation of modified amino acid residues, but no overlap of actual phosphorylation patterns. However, the identified RACB ubiquitination site is conserved in all ROPs from Hordeum vulgare, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa and in mammalian Rac1 and Rac3. Point mutation of this ubiquitination site leads to stabilization of RACB. Hence, this highly conserved lysine residue may regulate protein stability across different kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Weiß
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Lana Gaelings
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Tina Reiner
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Julia Mergner
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center (BayBioMS), TUM, Freising, Germany
| | - Attila Fehér
- Chair of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, and Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Götz Hensel
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Manfred Gahrtz
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
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12
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Piya S, Hawk T, Patel B, Baldwin L, Rice JH, Stewart CN, Hewezi T. Kinase-dead mutation: A novel strategy for improving soybean resistance to soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:417-430. [PMID: 34851539 PMCID: PMC8828698 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases phosphorylate proteins for functional changes and are involved in nearly all cellular processes, thereby regulating almost all aspects of plant growth and development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. We generated two independent co-expression networks of soybean genes using control and stress response gene expression data and identified 392 differentially highly interconnected kinase hub genes among the two networks. Of these 392 kinases, 90 genes were identified as "syncytium highly connected hubs", potentially essential for activating kinase signalling pathways in the nematode feeding site. Overexpression of wild-type coding sequences of five syncytium highly connected kinase hub genes using transgenic soybean hairy roots enhanced plant susceptibility to soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) Hg Type 0 (race 3). In contrast, overexpression of kinase-dead variants of these five syncytium kinase hub genes significantly enhanced soybean resistance to SCN. Additionally, three of the five tested kinase hub genes enhanced soybean resistance to SCN Hg Type 1.2.5.7 (race 2), highlighting the potential of the kinase-dead approach to generate effective and durable resistance against a wide range of SCN Hg types. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that kinase-dead mutations do not alter protein cellular localization, confirming the structure-function of the kinase-inactive variants in producing loss-of-function phenotypes causing significant decrease in nematode susceptibility. Because many protein kinases are highly conserved and are involved in plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses, our approach of identifying kinase hub genes and their inactivation using kinase-dead mutation could be translated for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbottam Piya
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Tracy Hawk
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Bhoomi Patel
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Logan Baldwin
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - John H. Rice
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
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13
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Kashkan I, Hrtyan M, Retzer K, Humpolíčková J, Jayasree A, Filepová R, Vondráková Z, Simon S, Rombaut D, Jacobs TB, Frilander MJ, Hejátko J, Friml J, Petrášek J, Růžička K. Mutually opposing activity of PIN7 splicing isoforms is required for auxin-mediated tropic responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:329-343. [PMID: 34637542 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advanced transcriptome sequencing has revealed that the majority of eukaryotic genes undergo alternative splicing (AS). Nonetheless, little effort has been dedicated to investigating the functional relevance of particular splicing events, even those in the key developmental and hormonal regulators. Combining approaches of genetics, biochemistry and advanced confocal microscopy, we describe the impact of alternative splicing on the PIN7 gene in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. PIN7 encodes a polarly localized transporter for the phytohormone auxin and produces two evolutionarily conserved transcripts, PIN7a and PIN7b. PIN7a and PIN7b, differing in a four amino acid stretch, exhibit almost identical expression patterns and subcellular localization. We reveal that they are closely associated and mutually influence each other's mobility within the plasma membrane. Phenotypic complementation tests indicate that the functional contribution of PIN7b per se is minor, but it markedly reduces the prominent PIN7a activity, which is required for correct seedling apical hook formation and auxin-mediated tropic responses. Our results establish alternative splicing of the PIN family as a conserved, functionally relevant mechanism, revealing an additional regulatory level of auxin-mediated plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kashkan
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Mónika Hrtyan
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Retzer
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Humpolíčková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Aswathy Jayasree
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Filepová
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Vondráková
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Sibu Simon
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Debbie Rombaut
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Thomas B Jacobs
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Mikko J Frilander
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Jan Hejátko
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Růžička
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
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14
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Ménesi D, Klement É, Ferenc G, Fehér A. The Arabidopsis Rho of Plants GTPase ROP1 Is a Potential Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase (CDPK) Substrate. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2053. [PMID: 34685862 PMCID: PMC8539224 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant Rho-type GTPases (ROPs) are versatile molecular switches involved in a number of signal transduction pathways. Although it is well known that they are indirectly linked to protein kinases, our knowledge about their direct functional interaction with upstream or downstream protein kinases is scarce. It is reasonable to suppose that similarly to their animal counterparts, ROPs might also be regulated by phosphorylation. There is only, however, very limited experimental evidence to support this view. Here, we present the analysis of two potential phosphorylation sites of AtROP1 and two types of potential ROP-kinases. The S74 site of AtROP1 has been previously shown to potentially regulate AtROP1 activation dependent on its phosphorylation state. However, the kinase phosphorylating this evolutionarily conserved site could not be identified: we show here that despite of the appropriate phosphorylation site consensus sequences around S74 neither the selected AGC nor CPK kinases phosphorylate S74 of AtROP1 in vitro. However, we identified several phosphorylation sites other than S74 for the CPK17 and 34 kinases in AtROP1. One of these sites, S97, was tested for biological relevance. Although the mutation of S97 to alanine (which cannot be phosphorylated) or glutamic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) somewhat altered the protein interaction strength of AtROP1 in yeast cells, the mutant proteins did not modify pollen tube growth in an in vivo test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Ménesi
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (D.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Éva Klement
- Laboratory of Proteomics Research, Biological Research Centre of the Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; or
- Single Cell Omics ACF, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Ferenc
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (D.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Attila Fehér
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (D.M.); (G.F.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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15
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Samakovli D, Roka L, Dimopoulou A, Plitsi PK, Žukauskait A, Georgopoulou P, Novák O, Milioni D, Hatzopoulos P. HSP90 affects root growth in Arabidopsis by regulating the polar distribution of PIN1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1814-1831. [PMID: 34086995 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Auxin homeostasis and signaling affect a broad range of developmental processes in plants. The interplay between HSP90 and auxin signaling is channeled through the chaperoning capacity of the HSP90 on the TIR1 auxin receptor. The sophisticated buffering capacity of the HSP90 system through the interaction with diverse signaling protein components drastically shapes genetic circuitries regulating various developmental aspects. However, the elegant networking capacity of HSP90 in the global regulation of auxin response and homeostasis has not been appreciated. Arabidopsis hsp90 mutants were screened for gravity response. Phenotypic analysis of root meristems and cotyledon veins was performed. PIN1 localization in hsp90 mutants was determined. Our results showed that HSP90 affected the asymmetrical distribution of PIN1 in plasma membranes and influenced its expression in prompt cell niches. Depletion of HSP90 distorted polar distribution of auxin, as the acropetal auxin transport was highly affected, leading to impaired root gravitropism and lateral root formation. The essential role of the HSP90 in auxin homeostasis was profoundly evident from early development, as HSP90 depletion affected embryo development and the pattern formation of veins in cotyledons. Our data suggest that the HSP90-mediated distribution of PIN1 modulates auxin distribution and thereby auxin signaling to properly promote plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Samakovli
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 118 55, Greece
| | - Loukia Roka
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 118 55, Greece
| | - Anastasia Dimopoulou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 118 55, Greece
| | - Panagiota Konstantinia Plitsi
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 118 55, Greece
| | - Asta Žukauskait
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Paraskevi Georgopoulou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 118 55, Greece
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Dimitra Milioni
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 118 55, Greece
| | - Polydefkis Hatzopoulos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 118 55, Greece
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16
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Borassi C, Sede AR, Mecchia MA, Mangano S, Marzol E, Denita-Juarez SP, Salgado Salter JD, Velasquez SM, Muschietti JP, Estevez JM. Proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases PERK5 and PERK12 are involved in pollen tube growth. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2593-2607. [PMID: 34427925 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases (PERKs) belong to the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) superfamily known to be involved in many plant developmental processes. Here, we characterized two pollen-expressed PERKs from Arabidopsis thaliana, PERK5 and PERK12. Pollen tube growth was impaired in single and double perk5-1 perk12-1 loss of function mutants, with an impact on seed production. When the segregation was analysed, a male gametophytic defect was found, indicating that perk5-1 and perk12-1 mutants carry deficient pollen transmission. Furthermore, perk5-1 perk12-1 displayed an excessive accumulation of pectins and cellulose at the cell wall of the pollen tubes. Our results indicate that PERK5 and PERK12 are necessary for proper pollen tube growth, highlighting their role in cell wall assembly and reactive oxygen species homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Borassi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana R Sede
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, "Dr. Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín A Mecchia
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Mangano
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Marzol
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina P Denita-Juarez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan D Salgado Salter
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Jorge P Muschietti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, "Dr. Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello and ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
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17
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Kurt F, Filiz E, Aydın A. Genome-wide identification of serine acetyltransferase (SAT) gene family in rice (Oryza sativa) and their expressions under salt stress. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6277-6290. [PMID: 34389920 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assimilation of sulfur to cysteine (Cys) occurs in presence of serine acetyltransferase (SAT). Drought and salt stresses are known to be regulated by abscisic acid, whose biosynthesis is limited by Cys. Cys is formed by cysteine synthase complex depending on SAT and OASTL enzymes. Functions of some SAT genes were identified in Arabidopsis; however, it is not known how SAT genes are regulated in rice (Oryza sativa) under salt stress. METHODS AND RESULTS Sequence, protein domain, gene structure, nucleotide, phylogenetic, selection, gene duplication, motif, synteny, digital expression and co-expression, secondary and tertiary protein structures, and binding site analyses were conducted. The wet-lab expressions of OsSAT genes were also tested under salt stress. OsSATs have underwent purifying selection. Segmental and tandem duplications may be driving force of structural and functional divergences of OsSATs. The digital expression analyses of OsSATs showed that jasmonic acid (JA) was the only hormone inducing the expressions of OsSAT1;1, OsSAT2;1, and OsSAT2;2 whereas auxin and ABA only triggered OsSAT1;1 expression. Leaf blade is the only plant organ where all OsSATs but OsSAT1;1 were expressed. Wet-lab expressions of OsSATs indicated that OsSAT1;1, OsSAT1;2 and OsSAT1;3 genes were upregulated at different exposure times of salt stress. CONCLUSIONS OsSAT1;1, expressed highly in rice roots, may be a hub gene regulated by cross-talk of JA, ABA and auxin hormones. The cross-talk of the mentioned hormones and the structural variations of OsSAT proteins may also explain the different responses of OsSATs to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fırat Kurt
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Mus Alparslan University, Mus, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Filiz
- Department of Crop and Animal Production, Cilimli Vocational School, Duzce University, Cilimli, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Adnan Aydın
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
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18
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Obomighie I, Lapenas K, Murphy BE, Bowles AMC, Bechtold U, Prischi F. The Role of Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases in Plant Homeostasis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:636560. [PMID: 33778006 PMCID: PMC7988200 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.636560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K) family is a group of highly conserved kinases in eukaryotes that regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, and stress response via modulating protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis. S6Ks are downstream effectors of the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway, which connects nutrient and energy signaling to growth and homeostasis, under normal and stress conditions. The plant S6K family includes two isoforms, S6K1 and S6K2, which, despite their high level of sequence similarity, have distinct functions and regulation mechanisms. Significant advances on the characterization of human S6Ks have occurred in the past few years, while studies on plant S6Ks are scarce. In this article, we review expression and activation of the two S6K isoforms in plants and we discuss their roles in mediating responses to stresses and developmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kestutis Lapenas
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Billy E Murphy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ulrike Bechtold
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Prischi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
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19
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Quantitative Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics Support a Role for Mut9-Like Kinases in Multiple Metabolic and Signaling Pathways in Arabidopsis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100063. [PMID: 33677124 PMCID: PMC8066427 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most prevalent posttranslational modifications found in eukaryotic systems. It serves as a key molecular mechanism that regulates protein function in response to environmental stimuli. The Mut9-like kinases (MLKs) are a plant-specific family of Ser/Thr kinases linked to light, circadian, and abiotic stress signaling. Here we use quantitative phosphoproteomics in conjunction with global proteomic analysis to explore the role of the MLKs in daily protein dynamics. Proteins involved in light, circadian, and hormone signaling, as well as several chromatin-modifying enzymes and DNA damage response factors, were found to have altered phosphorylation profiles in the absence of MLK family kinases. In addition to altered phosphorylation levels, mlk mutant seedlings have an increase in glucosinolate metabolism enzymes. Subsequently, we show that a functional consequence of the changes to the proteome and phosphoproteome in mlk mutant plants is elevated glucosinolate accumulation and increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. Combined with previous reports, this work supports the involvement of MLKs in a diverse set of stress responses and developmental processes, suggesting that the MLKs serve as key regulators linking environmental inputs to developmental outputs. MUT9-LIKE KINASE mutant quantitative proteome and phosphoproteome measured. Changes to proteome and phosphoproteome are specific to genotype and environment. Loss of MLKs alters glucosinolate enzyme abundance and metabolism. Loss of MLKs increases plant sensitivity to UV radiation and DNA damage agents.
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20
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Li E, Zhang YL, Shi X, Li H, Yuan X, Li S, Zhang Y. A positive feedback circuit for ROP-mediated polar growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:395-410. [PMID: 33271334 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tip growth is a special type of polarized growth in which a single and unique polarization site is established and maintained. Rho of Plants (ROP) proteins, which represent the only class of Rho GTPases in plants, regulate tip growth. The dynamic and asymmetric distribution of ROPs is critical for the establishment and maintenance of tip growth, and requires at least one positive feedback loop, which is still elusive. Here, we report a positive feedback circuit essential for tip growth of root hairs, in which ROPs, ROP activators and effectors, and AGC1.5 subfamily kinases are interconnected by sequential oligomerization and phosphorylation. AGC1.5 subfamily kinases interact with and phosphorylate two guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) of ROPs, RopGEF4 and RopGEF10. They also interact with two ROP effectors, ICR2/RIP3 and MIDD1/RIP4, which bridge active ROPs with AGC1.5. Functional loss of the AGC1.5 subfamily kinases or ICR2 and MIDD1 compromised root hair growth due to reduced ROP signaling. We found that asymmetric targeting of RopGEF4 and RopGEF10 is controlled by AGC1.5-dependent phosphorylation. Interestingly, we discovered that the ROP effectors recruit AGC1.5 to active ROP domains at the plasma membrane during root hair growth and are critical for AGC1.5-dependent phosphorylation of RopGEFs. Given the large number of AGC kinases in plants, this positive feedback circuit may be a universal theme for plant cell polar growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xuelian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xuefeng Yuan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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21
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Oliver J, Fan M, McKinley B, Zemelis‐Durfee S, Brandizzi F, Wilkerson C, Mullet JE. The AGCVIII kinase Dw2 modulates cell proliferation, endomembrane trafficking, and MLG/xylan cell wall localization in elongating stem internodes of Sorghum bicolor. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1053-1071. [PMID: 33211340 PMCID: PMC7983884 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Stems of bioenergy sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.), a drought-tolerant C4 grass, contain up to 50 nodes and internodes of varying length that span 4-5 m and account for approximately 84% of harvested biomass. Stem internode growth impacts plant height and biomass accumulation and is regulated by brassinosteroid signaling, auxin transport, and gibberellin biosynthesis. In addition, an AGCVIII kinase (Dw2) regulates sorghum stem internode growth, but the underlying mechanism and signaling network are unknown. Here we provide evidence that mutation of Dw2 reduces cell proliferation in internode intercalary meristems, inhibits endocytosis, and alters the distribution of heteroxylan and mixed linkage glucan in cell walls. Phosphoproteomic analysis showed that Dw2 signaling influences the phosphorylation of proteins involved in lipid signaling (PLDδ), endomembrane trafficking, hormone, light, and receptor signaling, and photosynthesis. Together, our results show that Dw2 modulates endomembrane function and cell division during sorghum internode growth, providing insight into the regulation of monocot stem development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Oliver
- Department of Biochemistry & BiophysicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas77843USA
| | - Mingzhu Fan
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA
| | - Brian McKinley
- Department of Biochemistry & BiophysicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas77843USA
| | - Starla Zemelis‐Durfee
- MSU‐DOE Plant Research LabMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU‐DOE Plant Research LabMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA
| | - Curtis Wilkerson
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA
| | - John E. Mullet
- Department of Biochemistry & BiophysicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas77843USA
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22
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Hart JE, Gardner KH. Lighting the way: Recent insights into the structure and regulation of phototropin blue light receptors. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100594. [PMID: 33781746 PMCID: PMC8086140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The phototropins (phots) are light-activated kinases that are critical for plant physiology and the many diverse optogenetic tools that they have inspired. Phototropins combine two blue-light-sensing Light-Oxygen-Voltage (LOV) domains (LOV1 and LOV2) and a C-terminal serine/threonine kinase domain, using the LOV domains to control the catalytic activity of the kinase. While much is known about the structure and photochemistry of the light-perceiving LOV domains, particularly in how activation of the LOV2 domain triggers the unfolding of alpha helices that communicate the light signal to the kinase domain, many questions about phot structure and mechanism remain. Recent studies have made progress addressing these questions by utilizing small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and other biophysical approaches to study multidomain phots from Chlamydomonas and Arabidopsis, leading to models where the domains have an extended linear arrangement, with the regulatory LOV2 domain contacting the kinase domain N-lobe. We discuss this and other advances that have improved structural and mechanistic understanding of phot regulation in this review, along with the challenges that will have to be overcome to obtain high-resolution structural information on these exciting photoreceptors. Such information will be essential to advancing fundamental understanding of plant physiology while enabling engineering efforts at both the whole plant and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaynee E Hart
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin H Gardner
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, USA; PhD Programs in Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, USA.
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23
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Geisler MM. A Retro-Perspective on Auxin Transport. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:756968. [PMID: 34675956 PMCID: PMC8524130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.756968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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24
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Hao P, Xia J, Liu J, Di Donato M, Pakula K, Bailly A, Jasinski M, Geisler M. Auxin-transporting ABC transporters are defined by a conserved D/E-P motif regulated by a prolylisomerase. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13094-13105. [PMID: 32699109 PMCID: PMC7489919 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin must be transported throughout plants in a cell-to-cell manner to affect its various physiological functions. ABCB transporters are critical for this polar auxin distribution, but the regulatory mechanisms controlling their function is not fully understood. The auxin transport activity of ABCB1 was suggested to be regulated by a physical interaction with FKBP42/Twisted Dwarf1 (TWD1), a peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase), but all attempts to demonstrate such a PPIase activity by TWD1 have failed so far. By using a structure-based approach, we identified several surface-exposed proline residues in the nucleotide binding domain and linker of Arabidopsis ABCB1, mutations of which do not alter ABCB1 protein stability or location but do affect its transport activity. P1008 is part of a conserved signature D/E-P motif that seems to be specific for auxin-transporting ABCBs, which we now refer to as ATAs. Mutation of the acidic residue also abolishes auxin transport activity by ABCB1. All higher plant ABCBs for which auxin transport has been conclusively proven carry this conserved motif, underlining its predictive potential. Introduction of this D/E-P motif into malate importer, ABCB14, increases both its malate and its background auxin transport activity, suggesting that this motif has an impact on transport capacity. The D/E-P1008 motif is also important for ABCB1-TWD1 interactions and activation of ABCB1-mediated auxin transport by TWD1. In summary, our data imply a new function for TWD1 acting as a putative activator of ABCB-mediated auxin transport by cis-trans isomerization of peptidyl-prolyl bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Hao
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jian Xia
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Pakula
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aurélien Bailly
- Institute for Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Jasinski
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Markus Geisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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25
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Oliveira Andrade M, Sforça ML, Batista FAH, Figueira ACM, Benedetti CE. The MAF1 Phosphoregulatory Region Controls MAF1 Interaction with the RNA Polymerase III C34 Subunit and Transcriptional Repression in Plants. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3019-3035. [PMID: 32641350 PMCID: PMC7474290 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
MAF1 is a phosphoprotein that plays a critical role in cell growth control as the central regulator of RNA polymerase (Pol) III activity. Citrus MAF1 (CsMAF1) was identified as a direct target of PthA4, a bacterial effector protein required to induce tumors in citrus. CsMAF1 binds to Pol III to restrict transcription; however, exactly how CsMAF1 interacts with the polymerase and how phosphorylation modulates this interaction is unknown. Moreover, how CsMAF1 binds PthA4 is also obscure. Here we show that CsMAF1 binds predominantly to the WH1 domain of the citrus Pol III subunit C34 (CsC34) and that its phosphoregulatory region, comprising loop-3 and α-helix-2, contributes to this interaction. We also show that phosphorylation of this region decreases CsMAF1 affinity to CsC34, leading to Pol III derepression, and that Ser 45, found only in plant MAF1 proteins, is critical for CsC34 interaction and is phosphorylated by a new citrus AGC1 kinase. Additionally, we show that the C-terminal region of the citrus TFIIIB component BRF1 competes with CsMAF1 for CsC34 interaction, whereas the C-terminal region of CsMAF1 is essential for PthA4 binding. Based on CsMAF1 structural data, we propose a mechanism for how CsMAF1 represses Pol III transcription and how phosphorylation controls this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxuel Oliveira Andrade
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Luis Sforça
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Aparecida Heleno Batista
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Migliorini Figueira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Eduardo Benedetti
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Zhang Y, Yao W, Wang F, Su Y, Zhang D, Hu S, Zhang X. AGC protein kinase AGC1-4 mediates seed size in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:825-837. [PMID: 32219503 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
AGC1-4 kinase plays a crucial role in the regulation of seeds by mediating cell proliferation and embryo development in Arabidopsis. Seed size is a crucial factor to influence final seed yield in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms that set final seed size still need to be investigated. Here, we identified a novel AGC protein kinase AGC1-4, which encodes a serine-threonine kinase, belongs to the AGC VIIIa subfamily. The seeds of agc1-4 mutant were significantly larger than that in the wild type. Overexpression of the AGC1-4 gene reduced seed size. Regulation of AGC1-4 seed size is dependent on embryonic cell number. To further determine AGC1-4 functions in seed size, we analyzed AGC1-4 phosphoproteins using label-free quantitative phosphoproteomics coupled to the transcriptome of agc1-4 using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The RNA-seq analysis showed 1611 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which cover a wide range of functions, such as cell cycle and embryo development. The 262 unique phosphoproteins were detected by phosphoproteomics analysis. The differentially phosphorylated proteins were involved in cell cycle and post-embryo development. Overlay of the RNA-seq and phosphoproteomics results demonstrated AGC1-4 as an important factor that influences seed size by mediating cell proliferation and embryo development. The results in this study provide novel data on the serine-threonine kinase AGC1-4 mediating seed size in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Wangjinsong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yinghua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Dajian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shengwu Hu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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27
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Kimura T, Tsuchida-Mayama T, Imai H, Okajima K, Ito K, Sakai T. Arabidopsis ROOT PHOTOTROPISM2 Is a Light-Dependent Dynamic Modulator of Phototropin1. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2004-2019. [PMID: 32213636 PMCID: PMC7268816 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) blue light photoreceptor phototropin1 (phot1) is a blue light-activated Ser/Thr protein kinase that mediates various light responses, including phototropism. The function of phot1 in hypocotyl phototropism is dependent on the light induction of ROOT PHOTOTROPISM2 (RPT2) proteins within a broad range of blue light intensities. It is not yet known however how RPT2 contributes to the photosensory adaptation of phot1 to high intensity blue light and the phototropic responses under bright light conditions. We show that RPT2 suppresses the activity of phot1 and demonstrate that RPT2 binds to the PHOT1 light, oxygen or voltage sensing1 (LOV1) domain that is required for its high photosensitivity. Our biochemical analyses revealed that RPT2 inhibits autophosphorylation of phot1, suggesting that it suppresses the photosensitivity and/or kinase activity of phot1 through the inhibition of LOV1 function. We found that RPT2 proteins are degraded via a ubiquitin-proteasome pathway when phot1 is inactive and are stabilized under blue light in a phot1-dependent manner. We propose that RPT2 is a molecular rheostat that maintains a moderate activation level of phot1 under any light intensity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | | | - Hirotatsu Imai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi Business Center Building, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Koji Okajima
- Department of Physics, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
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28
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Tan S, Zhang X, Kong W, Yang XL, Molnár G, Vondráková Z, Filepová R, Petrášek J, Friml J, Xue HW. The lipid code-dependent phosphoswitch PDK1-D6PK activates PIN-mediated auxin efflux in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:556-569. [PMID: 32393881 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Directional intercellular transport of the phytohormone auxin mediated by PIN-FORMED (PIN) efflux carriers has essential roles in both coordinating patterning processes and integrating multiple external cues by rapidly redirecting auxin fluxes. PIN activity is therefore regulated by multiple internal and external cues, for which the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that 3'-PHOSPHOINOSITIDE-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE1 (PDK1), which is conserved in plants and mammals, functions as a molecular hub that perceives upstream lipid signalling and modulates downstream substrate activity through phosphorylation. Using genetic analysis, we show that the loss-of-function Arabidopsis pdk1.1 pdk1.2 mutant exhibits a plethora of abnormalities in organogenesis and growth due to defective polar auxin transport. Further cellular and biochemical analyses reveal that PDK1 phosphorylates D6 protein kinase, a well-known upstream activator of PIN proteins. We uncover a lipid-dependent phosphorylation cascade that connects membrane-composition-based cellular signalling with plant growth and patterning by regulating morphogenetic auxin fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Wei Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gergely Molnár
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Zuzana Vondráková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Filepová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Duhart JC, Raftery LA. Mob Family Proteins: Regulatory Partners in Hippo and Hippo-Like Intracellular Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:161. [PMID: 32266255 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00161/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in yeast first delineated the function of Mob proteins in kinase pathways that regulate cell division and shape; in multicellular eukaryotes Mobs regulate tissue growth and morphogenesis. In animals, Mobs are adaptors in Hippo signaling, an intracellular signal-transduction pathway that restricts growth, impacting the development and homeostasis of animal organs. Central to Hippo signaling are the Nuclear Dbf2-Related (NDR) kinases, Warts and LATS1 and LATS2, in flies and mammals, respectively. A second Hippo-like signaling pathway has been uncovered in animals, which regulates cell and tissue morphogenesis. Central to this emergent pathway are the NDR kinases, Tricornered, STK38, and STK38L. In Hippo signaling, NDR kinase activation is controlled by three activating interactions with a conserved set of proteins. This review focuses on one co-activator family, the highly conserved, non-catalytic Mps1-binder-related (Mob) proteins. In this context, Mobs are allosteric activators of NDR kinases and adaptors that contribute to assembly of multiprotein NDR kinase activation complexes. In multicellular eukaryotes, the Mob family has expanded relative to model unicellular yeasts; accumulating evidence points to Mob functional diversification. A striking example comes from the most sequence-divergent class of Mobs, which are components of the highly conserved Striatin Interacting Phosphatase and Kinase (STRIPAK) complex, that antagonizes Hippo signaling. Mobs stand out for their potential to modulate the output from Hippo and Hippo-like kinases, through their roles both in activating NDR kinases and in antagonizing upstream Hippo or Hippo-like kinase activity. These opposing Mob functions suggest that they coordinate the relative activities of the Tricornered/STK38/STK38L and Warts/LATS kinases, and thus have potential to assemble nodes for pathway signaling output. We survey the different facets of Mob-dependent regulation of Hippo and Hippo-like signaling and highlight open questions that hinge on unresolved aspects of Mob functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Duhart
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Laurel A Raftery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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30
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Duhart JC, Raftery LA. Mob Family Proteins: Regulatory Partners in Hippo and Hippo-Like Intracellular Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:161. [PMID: 32266255 PMCID: PMC7096357 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in yeast first delineated the function of Mob proteins in kinase pathways that regulate cell division and shape; in multicellular eukaryotes Mobs regulate tissue growth and morphogenesis. In animals, Mobs are adaptors in Hippo signaling, an intracellular signal-transduction pathway that restricts growth, impacting the development and homeostasis of animal organs. Central to Hippo signaling are the Nuclear Dbf2-Related (NDR) kinases, Warts and LATS1 and LATS2, in flies and mammals, respectively. A second Hippo-like signaling pathway has been uncovered in animals, which regulates cell and tissue morphogenesis. Central to this emergent pathway are the NDR kinases, Tricornered, STK38, and STK38L. In Hippo signaling, NDR kinase activation is controlled by three activating interactions with a conserved set of proteins. This review focuses on one co-activator family, the highly conserved, non-catalytic Mps1-binder-related (Mob) proteins. In this context, Mobs are allosteric activators of NDR kinases and adaptors that contribute to assembly of multiprotein NDR kinase activation complexes. In multicellular eukaryotes, the Mob family has expanded relative to model unicellular yeasts; accumulating evidence points to Mob functional diversification. A striking example comes from the most sequence-divergent class of Mobs, which are components of the highly conserved Striatin Interacting Phosphatase and Kinase (STRIPAK) complex, that antagonizes Hippo signaling. Mobs stand out for their potential to modulate the output from Hippo and Hippo-like kinases, through their roles both in activating NDR kinases and in antagonizing upstream Hippo or Hippo-like kinase activity. These opposing Mob functions suggest that they coordinate the relative activities of the Tricornered/STK38/STK38L and Warts/LATS kinases, and thus have potential to assemble nodes for pathway signaling output. We survey the different facets of Mob-dependent regulation of Hippo and Hippo-like signaling and highlight open questions that hinge on unresolved aspects of Mob functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurel A. Raftery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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31
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Zhou Y, Dobritsa AA. Formation of aperture sites on the pollen surface as a model for development of distinct cellular domains. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 288:110222. [PMID: 31521218 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollen grains are covered by the complex extracellular structure, called exine, which in most species is deposited on the pollen surface non-uniformly. Certain surface areas receive fewer exine deposits and develop into regions whose structure and morphology differ significantly from the rest of pollen wall. These regions are known as pollen apertures. Across species, pollen apertures can vary in their numbers, positions, and morphology, generating highly diverse patterns. The process of aperture formation involves establishment of cell polarity, formation of distinct plasma membrane domains, and deposition of extracellular materials at precise positions. Thus, pollen apertures present an excellent model for studying the development of cellular domains and formation of patterns at the single-cell level. Until very recently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the specification and formation of aperture sites were completely unknown. Here, we review recent advances in understanding of the molecular processes involved in pollen aperture formation, focusing on the molecular players identified through genetic approaches in the model plant Arabidopsis. We discuss a potential working model that describes the process of aperture formation, including specification of domains, creation of their defining features, and protection of these regions from exine deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Anna A Dobritsa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.
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32
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Scholz S, Pleßmann J, Enugutti B, Hüttl R, Wassmer K, Schneitz K. The AGC protein kinase UNICORN controls planar growth by attenuating PDK1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007927. [PMID: 30742613 PMCID: PMC6386418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis critically depends on the coordination of cellular growth patterns. In plants, many organs consist of clonally distinct cell layers, such as the epidermis, whose cells undergo divisions that are oriented along the plane of the layer. The developmental control of such planar growth is poorly understood. We have previously identified the Arabidopsis AGCVIII-class protein kinase UNICORN (UCN) as a central regulator of this process. Plants lacking UCN activity show spontaneous formation of ectopic multicellular protrusions in integuments and malformed petals indicating that UCN suppresses uncontrolled growth in those tissues. In the current model UCN regulates planar growth of integuments in part by directly repressing the putative transcription factor ABERRANT TESTA SHAPE (ATS). Here we report on the identification of 3-PHOSPHOINOSITIDE-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 1 (PDK1) as a novel factor involved in UCN-mediated growth control. PDK1 constitutes a basic component of signaling mediated by AGC protein kinases throughout eukaryotes. Arabidopsis PDK1 is implied in stress responses and growth promotion. Here we show that loss-of-function mutations in PDK1 suppress aberrant growth in integuments and petals of ucn mutants. Additional genetic, in vitro, and cell biological data support the view that UCN functions by repressing PDK1. Furthermore, our data indicate that PDK1 is indirectly required for deregulated growth caused by ATS overexpression. Our findings support a model proposing that UCN suppresses ectopic growth in integuments through two independent processes: the attenuation of the protein kinase PDK1 in the cytoplasm and the repression of the transcription factor ATS in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Scholz
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Janys Pleßmann
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Balaji Enugutti
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Regina Hüttl
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Katrin Wassmer
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Kay Schneitz
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- * E-mail:
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33
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Li E, Cui Y, Ge FR, Chai S, Zhang WT, Feng QN, Jiang L, Li S, Zhang Y. AGC1.5 Kinase Phosphorylates RopGEFs to Control Pollen Tube Growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:1198-1209. [PMID: 30055264 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Double fertilization in angiosperms requires the targeted delivery of immotile sperm to the eggs through pollen tubes. The polarity of tip-growing pollen tubes is maintained through dynamic association of active Rho GTPases of plants (ROP-GTP) with the apical plasma membrane. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors for ROPs (RopGEFs) catalyze the activation of ROPs and thereby affect spatiotemporal ROP signaling. Whereas RopGEFs have been found to be phosphorylated proteins, the kinases responsible for their phosphorylation in vivo and biological consequences of RopGEF phosphorylation in pollen tube growth remain unclear. We report here that the Arabidopsis AGC1.5 subfamily of cytoplasmic kinases is critical for the restricted localization of ROP-GTP during pollen tube growth. Loss of AGC1.5 and AGC1.7 functions resulted in the mistargeting of active ROPs and defective events downstream of ROP signaling in pollen tubes. AGC1.5 interacts with RopGEFs via their catalytic PRONE domain and phosphorylates RopGEFs at a conserved Ser residue of PRONE domain. Loss of AGC1.5 and AGC1.7 functions resulted in the mistargeting of RopGEFs in pollen tubes, similar to the phenotype caused by the mutation that renders RopGEFs non-phosphorylatable by AGC1.5. Collectively, our results provide mechanistic insights into the spatiotemporal activation of ROPs during the polar growth of pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fu-Rong Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sen Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Wei-Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qiang-Nan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Lee BH, Weber ZT, Zourelidou M, Hofmeister BT, Schmitz RJ, Schwechheimer C, Dobritsa AA. Arabidopsis Protein Kinase D6PKL3 Is Involved in the Formation of Distinct Plasma Membrane Aperture Domains on the Pollen Surface. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2038-2056. [PMID: 30150313 PMCID: PMC6181024 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Certain regions on the surfaces of developing pollen grains exhibit very limited deposition of pollen wall exine. These regions give rise to pollen apertures, which are highly diverse in their patterns and specific for individual species. Arabidopsis thaliana pollen develops three equidistant longitudinal apertures. The precision of aperture formation suggests that, to create them, pollen employs robust mechanisms that generate distinct cellular domains. To identify players involved in this mechanism, we screened natural Arabidopsis accessions and discovered one accession, Martuba, whose apertures form abnormally due to the disruption of the protein kinase D6PKL3. During pollen development, D6PKL3 accumulates at the three plasma membrane domains underlying future aperture sites. Both D6PKL3 localization and aperture formation require kinase activity. Proper D6PKL3 localization is also dependent on a polybasic motif for phosphoinositide interactions, and we identified two phosphoinositides that are specifically enriched at the future aperture sites. The other known aperture factor, INAPERTURATE POLLEN1, fails to aggregate at the aperture sites in d6pkl3 mutants, changes its localization when D6PKL3 is mislocalized, and, in turn, affects D6PKL3 localization. The discovery of aperture factors provides important insights into the mechanisms cells utilize to generate distinct membrane domains, develop cell polarity, and pattern their surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Ha Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Center for Applied Plant Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Zachary T Weber
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Center for Applied Plant Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Melina Zourelidou
- Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Robert J Schmitz
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Claus Schwechheimer
- Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Anna A Dobritsa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Center for Applied Plant Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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35
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Schnabel J, Hombach P, Waksman T, Giuriani G, Petersen J, Christie JM. A chemical genetic approach to engineer phototropin kinases for substrate labeling. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5613-5623. [PMID: 29475950 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) control many aspects of plant physiology by regulating signaling networks through protein phosphorylation. Phototropins (phots) are plasma membrane-associated serine/threonine PKs that control a range of physiological processes that collectively serve to optimize photosynthetic efficiency in plants. These include phototropism, leaf positioning and flattening, chloroplast movement, and stomatal opening. Despite their identification over two decades ago, only a handful of substrates have been identified for these PKs. Progress in this area has been hampered by the lack of a convenient means to confirm the identity of potential substrate candidates. Here we demonstrate that the kinase domain of Arabidopsis phot1 and phot2 can be successfully engineered to accommodate non-natural ATP analogues by substituting the bulky gatekeeper residue threonine for glycine. This approach circumvents the need for radioactivity to track phot kinase activity and follow light-induced receptor autophosphorylation in vitro by incorporating thiophosphate from N6-benzyl-ATPγS. Consequently, thiophosphorylation of phot substrate candidates can be readily monitored when added or co-expressed with phots in vitro Furthermore, gatekeeper-modified phot1 retained its functionality and its ability to accommodate N6-benzyl-ATPγS as a phosphodonor when expressed in Arabidopsis We therefore anticipate that this chemical genetic approach will provide new opportunities for labeling and identifying substrates for phots and other related AGC kinases under in vitro and near-native in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Schnabel
- From the Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom and
| | - Peter Hombach
- From the Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom and.,RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Waksman
- From the Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom and
| | - Giovanni Giuriani
- From the Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom and
| | - Jan Petersen
- From the Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom and
| | - John M Christie
- From the Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom and
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Christie JM, Suetsugu N, Sullivan S, Wada M. Shining Light on the Function of NPH3/RPT2-Like Proteins in Phototropin Signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1015-1024. [PMID: 28720608 PMCID: PMC5813532 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
NRL proteins coordinate different aspects of phototropin signaling through signaling processes that are conserved in land plants and algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Christie
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Noriyuki Suetsugu
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Stuart Sullivan
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Masamitsu Wada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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37
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Hawkins LK, Warburton ML, Tang J, Tomashek J, Alves Oliveira D, Ogunola OF, Smith JS, Williams WP. Survey of Candidate Genes for Maize Resistance to Infection by Aspergillus flavus and/or Aflatoxin Contamination. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E61. [PMID: 29385107 PMCID: PMC5848162 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many projects have identified candidate genes for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation or Aspergillus flavus infection and growth in maize using genetic mapping, genomics, transcriptomics and/or proteomics studies. However, only a small percentage of these candidates have been validated in field conditions, and their relative contribution to resistance, if any, is unknown. This study presents a consolidated list of candidate genes identified in past studies or in-house studies, with descriptive data including genetic location, gene annotation, known protein identifiers, and associated pathway information, if known. A candidate gene pipeline to test the phenotypic effect of any maize DNA sequence on aflatoxin accumulation resistance was used in this study to determine any measurable effect on polymorphisms within or linked to the candidate gene sequences, and the results are published here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh K Hawkins
- USDA ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Marilyn L Warburton
- USDA ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Juliet Tang
- USDA FS Durability and Wood Protection Research Unit, Starkville, MS 39759, USA.
| | - John Tomashek
- Integrated Micro-Chromatography Systems LLC, Irmo, SC 29063, USA.
| | - Dafne Alves Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762 USA.
| | - Oluwaseun F Ogunola
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
| | - J Spencer Smith
- USDA ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - W Paul Williams
- USDA ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Lantzouni O, Klermund C, Schwechheimer C. Largely additive effects of gibberellin and strigolactone on gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:924-938. [PMID: 28977719 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormones gibberellin (GA) and strigolactone (SL) are involved in essential processes in plant development. Both GA and SL signal transduction mechanisms employ α/β-hydrolase-derived receptors that confer E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated protein degradation processes. This suggests a common evolutionary origin of these pathways and possibly a molecular interaction between them. One such indication stems from rice, where the DELLA protein of the GA pathway was reported to interact with the SL receptor. Here, we examine the physiological interaction between both pathways through the analysis of GA (ga1) and SL biosynthesis (max1 and max3) mutants. In ga1 max double mutants, we find indications only for additive interactions when examining several phenotypic readouts. We further identify short-term transcriptional responses to GA and the synthetic SL rac-GR24 through next-generation sequencing of poly-adenylated RNAs (RNA-seq) in ga1 max1. Remarkably, both hormones lead to predominantly additive transcriptional changes of a largely overlapping set of genes. The expression of only a few genes was altered in a synergistic manner but, interestingly, these include the genes encoding the GA catabolic enzyme GA2 OXIDASE2 (GA2ox2) as well as the SL pathway regulators BRANCHED1 (BRC1) and SUPPRESSOR OF max2 1-LIKE8 (SMXL8). We conclude that GA and rac-GR24 signaling in Arabidopsis seedlings converge at the level of transcription of a common gene-set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Lantzouni
- Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Carina Klermund
- Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Claus Schwechheimer
- Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Hilley JL, Weers BD, Truong SK, McCormick RF, Mattison AJ, McKinley BA, Morishige DT, Mullet JE. Sorghum Dw2 Encodes a Protein Kinase Regulator of Stem Internode Length. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4616. [PMID: 28676627 PMCID: PMC5496852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorghum is an important C4 grass crop grown for grain, forage, sugar, and bioenergy production. While tall, late flowering landraces are commonly grown in Africa, short early flowering varieties were selected in US grain sorghum breeding programs to reduce lodging and to facilitate machine harvesting. Four loci have been identified that affect stem length (Dw1-Dw4). Subsequent research showed that Dw3 encodes an ABCB1 auxin transporter and Dw1 encodes a highly conserved protein involved in the regulation of cell proliferation. In this study, Dw2 was identified by fine-mapping and further confirmed by sequencing the Dw2 alleles in Dwarf Yellow Milo and Double Dwarf Yellow Milo, the progenitor genotypes where the recessive allele of dw2 originated. The Dw2 locus was determined to correspond to Sobic.006G067700, a gene that encodes a protein kinase that is homologous to KIPK, a member of the AGCVIII subgroup of the AGC protein kinase family in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie L Hilley
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Brock D Weers
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Sandra K Truong
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ryan F McCormick
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ashley J Mattison
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Brian A McKinley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Daryl T Morishige
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - John E Mullet
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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40
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Barbosa ICR, Shikata H, Zourelidou M, Heilmann M, Heilmann I, Schwechheimer C. Phospholipid composition and a polybasic motif determine D6 PROTEIN KINASE polar association with the plasma membrane and tropic responses. Development 2016; 143:4687-4700. [PMID: 27836964 DOI: 10.1242/dev.137117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Polar transport of the phytohormone auxin through PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers is essential for the spatiotemporal control of plant development. The Arabidopsis thaliana serine/threonine kinase D6 PROTEIN KINASE (D6PK) is polarly localized at the plasma membrane of many cells where it colocalizes with PINs and activates PIN-mediated auxin efflux. Here, we show that the association of D6PK with the basal plasma membrane and PINs is dependent on the phospholipid composition of the plasma membrane as well as on the phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinases PIP5K1 and PIP5K2 in epidermis cells of the primary root. We further show that D6PK directly binds polyacidic phospholipids through a polybasic lysine-rich motif in the middle domain of the kinase. The lysine-rich motif is required for proper PIN3 phosphorylation and for auxin transport-dependent tropic growth. Polybasic motifs are also present at a conserved position in other D6PK-related kinases and required for membrane and phospholipid binding. Thus, phospholipid-dependent recruitment to membranes through polybasic motifs might not only be required for D6PK-mediated auxin transport but also other processes regulated by these, as yet, functionally uncharacterized kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês C R Barbosa
- Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 8, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Hiromasa Shikata
- Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 8, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Melina Zourelidou
- Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 8, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Mareike Heilmann
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Cellular Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Cellular Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Claus Schwechheimer
- Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 8, Freising 85354, Germany
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Hiltenbrand R, Thomas J, McCarthy H, Dykema KJ, Spurr A, Newhart H, Winn ME, Mukherjee A. A Developmental and Molecular View of Formation of Auxin-Induced Nodule-Like Structures in Land Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1692. [PMID: 27891144 PMCID: PMC5104908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that plant hormones play important roles during legume-rhizobia symbiosis. For instance, auxins induce the formation of nodule-like structures (NLSs) on legume roots in the absence of rhizobia. Furthermore, these NLS can be colonized by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which favor nitrogen fixation compared to regular roots and subsequently increase plant yield. Interestingly, auxin also induces similar NLS in cereal roots. While several genetic studies have identified plant genes controlling NLS formation in legumes, no studies have investigated the genes involved in NLS formation in cereals. In this study, first we established an efficient experimental system to induce NLS in rice roots, using auxin, 2,4-D, consistently at a high frequency (>90%). We were able to induce NLS at a high frequency in Medicago truncatula under similar conditions. NLS were characterized by a broad base, a diffuse meristem, and increased cell differentiation in the vasculature. Interestingly, NLS formation appeared very similar in both rice and Medicago, suggesting a similar developmental program. We show that NLS formation in both rice and Medicago occurs downstream of the common symbiotic pathway. Furthermore, NLS formation occurs downstream of cytokinin-induced step(s). We performed a comprehensive RNA sequencing experiment to identify genes differentially expressed during NLS formation in rice and identified several promising genes for control of NLS based on their biological and molecular functions. We validated the expression patterns of several genes using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and show varied expression patterns of these genes during different stages of NLS formation. Finally, we show that NLS induced on rice roots under these conditions can be colonized by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Azorhizobium caulinodans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Hiltenbrand
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, ConwayAR, USA
| | - Jacklyn Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, ConwayAR, USA
| | - Hannah McCarthy
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, ConwayAR, USA
| | - Karl J. Dykema
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand RapidsMI, USA
| | - Ashley Spurr
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, ConwayAR, USA
| | - Hamilton Newhart
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, ConwayAR, USA
| | - Mary E. Winn
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand RapidsMI, USA
| | - Arijit Mukherjee
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, ConwayAR, USA
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Lu YJ, Swamy KBS, Leu JY. Experimental Evolution Reveals Interplay between Sch9 and Polyploid Stability in Yeast. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006409. [PMID: 27812096 PMCID: PMC5094715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidization has crucial impacts on the evolution of different eukaryotic lineages including fungi, plants and animals. Recent genome data suggest that, for many polyploidization events, all duplicated chromosomes are maintained and genome reorganizations occur much later during evolution. However, newly-formed polyploid genomes are intrinsically unstable and often quickly degenerate into aneuploidy or diploidy. The transition between these two states remains enigmatic. In this study, laboratory evolution experiments were conducted to investigate this phenomenon. We show that robust tetraploidy is achieved in evolved yeast cells by increasing the abundance of Sch9—a protein kinase activated by the TORC1 (Target of Rapamycin Complex 1) and other signaling pathways. Overexpressing SCH9, but not TOR1, allows newly-formed tetraploids to exhibit evolved phenotypes and knocking out SCH9 diminishes the evolved phenotypes. Furthermore, when cells were challenged with conditions causing ancestral cells to evolve aneuploidy, tetraploidy was maintained in the evolved lines. Our results reveal a determinant role for Sch9 during the early stage of polyploid evolution. Polyploidy is frequently observed in eukaryotes, including in human liver cells and cancer. Evolutionary studies also suggest that polyploidy has contributed to species diversification and novel adaptation in fungi, plants and animals. However, artificially-constructed polyploids often display chromosome instability and quickly convert to aneuploids. This phenomenon conflicts with observations that many species derived from ancient genome duplications have maintained the extra number of chromosomes following polyploidization. What happened during the early stages of these polyploidy events that stabilized the duplicated genomes? We used laboratory evolution experiments to investigate this process. After being propagated in a rich medium at 23°C for 1000 generations, newly-constructed tetraploid yeast cells had evolved stable genomes. In addition, evolved cells acquired resistance to stresses specific to tetraploids and exhibited a more diploid-like transcriptome profile. Further analyses indicated that Sch9—the functional ortholog of mammalian S6 kinase involved in protein homeostasis, G1 progression, stress response and nutrient signaling—contributed to the evolved phenotypes. Evolved cells increased the protein abundance and stability of Sch9. Reconstitution experiments showed that overexpression of SCH9 enabled ancestral cells to display the evolved phenotypes and eliminating SCH9 diminished the evolved phenotypes. Finally, we show that evolved cells were able to maintain their genomes even under a condition that causes newly-formed tetraploids to evolve aneuploidy. Our results reveal that at the early stages after genome duplication, stable polyploidy can be achieved by fine-tuning a conserved key regulator coordinating multiple cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jin Lu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jun-Yi Leu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Armengot L, Marquès-Bueno MM, Jaillais Y. Regulation of polar auxin transport by protein and lipid kinases. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4015-4037. [PMID: 27242371 PMCID: PMC4968656 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The directional transport of auxin, known as polar auxin transport (PAT), allows asymmetric distribution of this hormone in different cells and tissues. This system creates local auxin maxima, minima, and gradients that are instrumental in both organ initiation and shape determination. As such, PAT is crucial for all aspects of plant development but also for environmental interaction, notably in shaping plant architecture to its environment. Cell to cell auxin transport is mediated by a network of auxin carriers that are regulated at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. Here we review our current knowledge on some aspects of the 'non-genomic' regulation of auxin transport, placing an emphasis on how phosphorylation by protein and lipid kinases controls the polarity, intracellular trafficking, stability, and activity of auxin carriers. We describe the role of several AGC kinases, including PINOID, D6PK, and the blue light photoreceptor phot1, in phosphorylating auxin carriers from the PIN and ABCB families. We also highlight the function of some receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and two-component histidine kinase receptors in PAT, noting that there are probably RLKs involved in co-ordinating auxin distribution yet to be discovered. In addition, we describe the emerging role of phospholipid phosphorylation in polarity establishment and intracellular trafficking of PIN proteins. We outline these various phosphorylation mechanisms in the context of primary and lateral root development, leaf cell shape acquisition, as well as root gravitropism and shoot phototropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Armengot
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Mar Marquès-Bueno
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
- Correspondence to:
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44
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Correction: Learning from each other: ABC transporter regulation by protein phosphorylation in plant and mammalian systems. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:663-73. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20150128_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter family in higher plants is highly expanded compared with those of mammalians. Moreover, some members of the plant ABCB subfamily display very high substrate specificity compared with their mammalian counterparts that are often associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomena. In this review we highlight prominent functions of plant and mammalian ABC transporters and summarize our knowledge on their post-transcriptional regulation with a focus on protein phosphorylation. A deeper comparison of regulatory events of human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and ABCB1 from the model plant Arabidopsis reveals a surprisingly high degree of similarity. Both physically interact with orthologues of the FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) that chaperon both transporters to the plasma membrane in an action that seems to involve Hsp90. Further both transporters are phosphorylated at regulatory domains that connect both nucleotide-binding folds. Taken together it appears that ABC transporters exhibit an evolutionary conserved but complex regulation by protein phosphorylation, which apparently is, at least in some cases, tightly connected with protein–protein interactions (PPI).
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Shumbe L, Chevalier A, Legeret B, Taconnat L, Monnet F, Havaux M. Singlet Oxygen-Induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis under High-Light Stress Is Controlled by OXI1 Kinase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1757-71. [PMID: 26747288 PMCID: PMC4775124 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the singlet oxygen ((1)O2)-overproducing flu and chlorina1 (ch1) mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have shown that (1)O2-induced changes in gene expression can lead to either programmed cell death (PCD) or acclimation. A transcriptomic analysis of the ch1 mutant has allowed the identification of genes whose expression is specifically affected by each phenomenon. One such gene is OXIDATIVE SIGNAL INDUCIBLE1 (OXI1) encoding an AGC kinase that was noticeably induced by excess light energy and (1)O2 stress conditions leading to cell death. Photo-induced oxidative damage and cell death were drastically reduced in the OXI1 null mutant (oxi1) and in the double mutant ch1*oxi1 compared with the wild type and the ch1 single mutant, respectively. This occurred without any changes in the production rate of (1)O2 but was cancelled by exogenous applications of the phytohormone jasmonate. OXI1-mediated (1)O2 signaling appeared to operate through a different pathway from the previously characterized OXI1-dependent response to pathogens and H2O2 and was found to be independent of the EXECUTER proteins. In high-light-stressed plants, the oxi1 mutation was associated with reduced jasmonate levels and with the up-regulation of genes encoding negative regulators of jasmonate signaling and PCD. Our results show that OXI1 is a new regulator of (1)O2-induced PCD, likely acting upstream of jasmonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Shumbe
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
| | - Anne Chevalier
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
| | - Bertrand Legeret
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
| | - Ludivine Taconnat
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
| | - Fabien Monnet
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
| | - Michel Havaux
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
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Pastor-Flores D, Ferrer-Dalmau J, Bahí A, Boleda M, Biondi RM, Casamayor A. Depletion of yeast PDK1 orthologs triggers a stress-like transcriptional response. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:719. [PMID: 26391581 PMCID: PMC4578605 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1903-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pkh proteins are the PDK1 orthologs in S. cerevisiae. They have redundant and essential activity and are responsible for the phosphorylation of several members of the AGC family of protein kinases. Pkh proteins have been involved in several cellular functions, including cell wall integrity and endocytosis. However the global expression changes caused by their depletion are still unknown. RESULTS A doxycycline-repressible tetO7 promoter driving the expression of PKH2 in cells carrying deletions of the PKH1 and PKH3 genes allowed us to progressively deplete cells from Pkh proteins when treated with doxycycline. Global gene expression analysis indicate that depletion of Pkh results in the up-regulation of genes involved in the accumulation of glycogen and also of those related to stress responses. Moreover, genes involved in the ion transport were quickly down-regulated when the levels of Pkh decreased. The reduction in the mRNA levels required for protein translation, however, was only observed after longer doxycycline treatment (24 h). We uncovered that Pkh is important for the proper transcriptional response to heat shock, and is mostly required for the effects driven by the transcription factors Hsf1 and Msn2/Msn4, but is not required for down-regulation of the mRNA coding for ribosomal proteins. CONCLUSIONS By using the tetO7 promoter we elucidated for the first time the transcriptomic changes directly or indirectly caused by progressive depletion of Pkh. Furthermore, this system enabled the characterization of the transcriptional response triggered by heat shock in wild-type and Pkh-depleted cells, showing that about 40 % of the observed expression changes were, to some degree, dependent on Pkh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pastor-Flores
- Research Group PhosphoSites, Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany. .,Present address: Division of Redox Regulation, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jofre Ferrer-Dalmau
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Bahí
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Martí Boleda
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553, CNRS-Université Joseph Fourie, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France.
| | - Ricardo M Biondi
- Research Group PhosphoSites, Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Antonio Casamayor
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase MARIS functions downstream of CrRLK1L-dependent signaling during tip growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12211-6. [PMID: 26378127 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512375112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing plant cells need to rigorously coordinate external signals with internal processes. For instance, the maintenance of cell wall (CW) integrity requires the coordination of CW sensing with CW remodeling and biosynthesis to avoid growth arrest or integrity loss. Despite the involvement of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) of the Catharanthus roseus RLK1-like (CrRLK1L) subfamily and the reactive oxygen species-producing NADPH oxidases, it remains largely unknown how this coordination is achieved. ANXUR1 (ANX1) and ANX2, two redundant members of the CrRLK1L subfamily, are required for tip growth of the pollen tube (PT), and their closest homolog, FERONIA, controls root-hair tip growth. Previously, we showed that ANX1 overexpression mildly inhibits PT growth by oversecretion of CW material, whereas pollen tubes of anx1 anx2 double mutants burst spontaneously after germination. Here, we report the identification of suppressor mutants with improved fertility caused by the rescue of anx1 anx2 pollen tube bursting. Mapping of one these mutants revealed an R240C nonsynonymous substitution in the activation loop of a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK), which we named MARIS (MRI). We show that MRI is a plasma membrane-localized member of the RLCK-VIII subfamily and is preferentially expressed in both PTs and root hairs. Interestingly, mri-knockout mutants display spontaneous PT and root-hair bursting. Moreover, expression of the MRI(R240C) mutant, but not its wild-type form, partially rescues the bursting phenotypes of anx1 anx2 PTs and fer root hairs but strongly inhibits wild-type tip growth. Thus, our findings identify a novel positive component of the CrRLK1L-dependent signaling cascade that coordinates CW integrity and tip growth.
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Fehér A, Lajkó DB. Signals fly when kinases meet Rho-of-plants (ROP) small G-proteins. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 237:93-107. [PMID: 26089155 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rho-type small GTP-binding plant proteins function as two-state molecular switches in cellular signalling. There is accumulating evidence that Rho-of-plants (ROP) signalling is positively controlled by plant receptor kinases, through the ROP guanine nucleotide exchange factor proteins. These signalling modules regulate cell polarity, cell shape, hormone responses, and pathogen defence, among other things. Other ROP-regulatory proteins might also be subjected to protein phosphorylation by cellular kinases (e.g., mitogen-activated protein kinases or calcium-dependent protein kinases), in order to integrate various cellular signalling pathways with ROP GTPase-dependent processes. In contrast to the role of kinases in upstream ROP regulation, much less is known about the potential link between ROP GTPases and downstream kinase signalling. In other eukaryotes, Rho-type G-protein-activated kinases are widespread and have a key role in many cellular processes. Recent data indicate the existence of structurally different ROP-activated kinases in plants, but their ROP-dependent biological functions still need to be validated. In addition to these direct interactions, ROPs may also indirectly control the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases or calcium-dependent protein kinases. These kinases may therefore function as upstream as well as downstream kinases in ROP-mediated signalling pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol monophosphate kinases involved in cell polarity establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Fehér
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Dézi Bianka Lajkó
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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Bigeard J, Colcombet J, Hirt H. Signaling mechanisms in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:521-39. [PMID: 25744358 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants constantly have to face pathogen attacks. However, plant disease rarely occurs due to efficient immune systems possessed by the host plants. Pathogens are perceived by two different recognition systems that initiate the so-called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), both of which are accompanied by a set of induced defenses that usually repel pathogen attacks. Here we discuss the complex network of signaling pathways occurring during PTI, focusing on the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bigeard
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA/CNRS/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne/Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA/CNRS/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne/Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Humphrey TV, Haasen KE, Aldea-Brydges MG, Sun H, Zayed Y, Indriolo E, Goring DR. PERK-KIPK-KCBP signalling negatively regulates root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:71-83. [PMID: 25262228 PMCID: PMC4265151 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis proline-rich, extensin-like receptor-like kinases (PERKs) are a small group of receptor-like kinases that are thought to act as sensors at the cell wall through their predicted proline-rich extracellular domains. In this study, we focused on the characterization of a subclade of three Arabidopsis predicted PERK genes, PERK8, -9, and -10, for which no functions were known. Yeast two-hybrid interaction studies were conducted with the PERK8,- 9, and -10 cytosolic kinase domains, and two members of the Arabidopsis AGC VIII kinase family were identified as interacting proteins: AGC1-9 and the closely related kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein (KCBP)-interacting protein kinase (KIPK). As KIPK has been identified previously as an interactor of KCBP, these interactions were also examined further and confirmed in this study. Finally, T-DNA mutants for each gene were screened for altered phenotypes under different conditions, and from these screens, a role for the PERK, KIPK, and KCBP genes in negatively regulating root growth was uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania V Humphrey
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Katrina E Haasen
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3B2
| | | | - He Sun
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Yara Zayed
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Emily Indriolo
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Daphne R Goring
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3B2
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