1
|
Dang TT, Lalanne D, Ly Vu J, Ly Vu B, Defaye J, Verdier J, Leprince O, Buitink J. BASIC PENTACYSTEINE1 regulates ABI4 by modification of two histone marks H3K27me3 and H3ac during early seed development of Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1395379. [PMID: 38916028 PMCID: PMC11194320 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1395379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The production of highly vigorous seeds with high longevity is an important lever to increase crop production efficiency, but its acquisition during seed maturation is strongly influenced by the growth environment. Methods An association rule learning approach discovered MtABI4, a known longevity regulator, as a gene with transcript levels associated with the environmentally-induced change in longevity. To understand the environmental sensitivity of MtABI4 transcription, Yeast One-Hybrid identified a class I BASIC PENTACYSTEINE (MtBPC1) transcription factor as a putative upstream regulator. Its role in the regulation of MtABI4 was further characterized. Results and discussion Overexpression of MtBPC1 led to a modulation of MtABI4 transcripts and its downstream targets. We show that MtBPC1 represses MtABI4 transcription at the early stage of seed development through binding in the CT-rich motif in its promoter region. To achieve this, MtBPC1 interacts with SWINGER, a sub-unit of the PRC2 complex, and Sin3-associated peptide 18, a sub-unit of the Sin3-like deacetylation complex. Consistent with this, developmental and heat stress-induced changes in MtABI4 transcript levels correlated with H3K27me3 and H3ac enrichment in the MtABI4 promoter. Our finding reveals the importance of the combination of histone methylation and histone de-acetylation to silence MtABI4 at the early stage of seed development and during heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Dang
- INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Angers, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
- LIPME - Laboratoire des interactions plantes-microbes-environnement. UMR CNRS–INRAE, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - David Lalanne
- INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Angers, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Joseph Ly Vu
- INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Angers, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Benoit Ly Vu
- INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Angers, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Johan Defaye
- INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Angers, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Jerome Verdier
- INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Angers, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Leprince
- INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Angers, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Julia Buitink
- INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Angers, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahapatra K, Mukherjee A, Suyal S, Dar MA, Bhagavatula L, Datta S. Regulation of chloroplast biogenesis, development, and signaling by endogenous and exogenous cues. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:167-183. [PMID: 38623168 PMCID: PMC11016055 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are one of the defining features in most plants, primarily known for their unique property to carry out photosynthesis. Besides this, chloroplasts are also associated with hormone and metabolite productions. For this, biogenesis and development of chloroplast are required to be synchronized with the seedling growth to corroborate the maximum rate of photosynthesis following the emergence of seedlings. Chloroplast biogenesis and development are dependent on the signaling to and from the chloroplast, which are in turn regulated by several endogenous and exogenous cues. Light and hormones play a crucial role in chloroplast maturation and development. Chloroplast signaling involves a coordinated two-way connection between the chloroplast and nucleus, termed retrograde and anterograde signaling, respectively. Anterograde and retrograde signaling are involved in regulation at the transcriptional level and downstream modifications and are modulated by several metabolic and external cues. The communication between chloroplast and nucleus is essential for plants to develop strategies to cope with various stresses including high light or high heat. In this review, we have summarized several aspects of chloroplast development and its regulation through the interplay of various external and internal factors. We have also discussed the involvement of chloroplasts as sensors of various external environment stress factors including high light and temperature, and communicate via a series of retrograde signals to the nucleus, thus playing an essential role in plants' abiotic stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Mahapatra
- Plant Cell and Developmental Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Arpan Mukherjee
- Plant Cell and Developmental Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Shikha Suyal
- Plant Cell and Developmental Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Mansoor Ali Dar
- Plant Cell and Developmental Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | | | - Sourav Datta
- Plant Cell and Developmental Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Wang M, Guo T, Li S, Teng K, Dong D, Liu Z, Jia C, Chao Y, Han L. Overexpression of abscisic acid-insensitive gene ABI4 from Medicago truncatula, which could interact with ABA2, improved plant cold tolerance mediated by ABA signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:982715. [PMID: 36212309 PMCID: PMC9545351 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.982715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ABI4 is considered an important transcription factor with multiple regulatory functions involved in many biological events. However, its role in abiotic stresses, especially low-temperature-induced stress, is poorly understood. In this study, the MtABI4 gene was derived from M. truncatula, a widely used forage grass. Analysis of subcellular localization indicated that ABI4 was localized in the nucleus. Identification of expression characteristics showed that ABI4 was involved in the regulatory mechanisms of multiple hormones and could be induced by the low temperature. IP-MS assay revealed that MtABI4 protein could interact with xanthoxin dehydrogenase protein (ABA2). The two-hybrid yeast assay and the biomolecular fluorescence complementarity assay further supported this finding. Expression analysis demonstrated that overexpression of MtABI4 induced an increase in ABA2 gene expression both in M. truncatula and Arabidopsis, which in turn increased the ABA level in transgenic plants. In addition, the transgenic lines with the overexpression of MtABI4 exhibited enhanced tolerance to low temperature, including lower malondialdehyde content, electrical conductivity, and cell membrane permeability, compared with the wide-type lines after being cultivated for 5 days in 4°C. Gene expression and enzyme activities of the antioxidant system assay revealed the increased activities of SOD, CAT, MDHAR, and GR, and higher ASA/DHA ratio and GSH/GSSG ratio in transgenic lines. Additionally, overexpression of ABI4 also induced the expression of members of the Inducer of CBF expression genes (ICEs)-C-repeat binding transcription factor genes(CBFs)-Cold regulated genes (CORs) low-temperature response module. In summary, under low-temperature conditions, overexpression of ABI4 could enhance the content of endogenous ABA in plants through interactions with ABA2, which in turn reduced low-temperature damage in plants. This provides a new perspective for further understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of plant response to low temperature and the improvement of plant cold tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinruizhi Li
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Native Plants, Chongqing Landscape and Gardening Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuwen Li
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Teng
- Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Dong
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuocheng Liu
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyan Jia
- Inner Mongolia Mengcao Ecological Environment (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Yuehui Chao
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Liebao Han
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Racca S, Gras DE, Canal MV, Ferrero LV, Rojas BE, Figueroa CM, Ariel FD, Welchen E, Gonzalez DH. Cytochrome c and the transcription factor ABI4 establish a molecular link between mitochondria and ABA-dependent seed germination. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1780-1795. [PMID: 35637555 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During germination, seed reserves are mobilised to sustain the metabolic and energetic demands of plant growth. Mitochondrial respiration is presumably required to drive germination in several species, but only recently its role in this process has begun to be elucidated. Using Arabidopsis thaliana lines with changes in the levels of the respiratory chain component cytochrome c (CYTc), we investigated the role of this protein in germination and its relationship with hormonal pathways. Cytochrome c deficiency causes delayed seed germination, which correlates with decreased cyanide-sensitive respiration and ATP production at the onset of germination. In addition, CYTc affects the sensitivity of germination to abscisic acid (ABA), which negatively regulates the expression of CYTC-2, one of two CYTc-encoding genes in Arabidopsis. CYTC-2 acts downstream of the transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4), which binds to a region of the CYTC-2 promoter required for repression by ABA and regulates its expression. The results show that CYTc is a main player during seed germination through its role in respiratory metabolism and energy production. In addition, the direct regulation of CYTC-2 by ABI4 and its effect on ABA-responsive germination establishes a link between mitochondrial and hormonal functions during this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Racca
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diana E Gras
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M Victoria Canal
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lucía V Ferrero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Bruno E Rojas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Federico D Ariel
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hand KA, Shabek N. The Role of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Chloroplast Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9613. [PMID: 36077009 PMCID: PMC9455731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts are ancient organelles responsible for photosynthesis and various biosynthetic functions essential to most life on Earth. Many of these functions require tightly controlled regulatory processes to maintain homeostasis at the protein level. One such regulatory mechanism is the ubiquitin-proteasome system whose fundamental role is increasingly emerging in chloroplasts. In particular, the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases as determinants in the ubiquitination and degradation of specific intra-chloroplast proteins. Here, we highlight recent advances in understanding the roles of plant E3 ubiquitin ligases SP1, COP1, PUB4, CHIP, and TT3.1 as well as the ubiquitin-dependent segregase CDC48 in chloroplast function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
How to Cope with the Challenges of Environmental Stresses in the Era of Global Climate Change: An Update on ROS Stave off in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041995. [PMID: 35216108 PMCID: PMC8879091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of human civilization and anthropogenic activities in the shade of urbanization and global climate change, plants are exposed to a complex set of abiotic stresses. These stresses affect plants’ growth, development, and yield and cause enormous crop losses worldwide. In this alarming scenario of global climate conditions, plants respond to such stresses through a highly balanced and finely tuned interaction between signaling molecules. The abiotic stresses initiate the quick release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as toxic by-products of altered aerobic metabolism during different stress conditions at the cellular level. ROS includes both free oxygen radicals {superoxide (O2•−) and hydroxyl (OH−)} as well as non-radicals [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and singlet oxygen (1O2)]. ROS can be generated and scavenged in different cell organelles and cytoplasm depending on the type of stimulus. At high concentrations, ROS cause lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein oxidation, and necrosis, but at low to moderate concentrations, they play a crucial role as secondary messengers in intracellular signaling cascades. Because of their concentration-dependent dual role, a huge number of molecules tightly control the level of ROS in cells. The plants have evolved antioxidants and scavenging machinery equipped with different enzymes to maintain the equilibrium between the production and detoxification of ROS generated during stress. In this present article, we have focused on current insights on generation and scavenging of ROS during abiotic stresses. Moreover, the article will act as a knowledge base for new and pivotal studies on ROS generation and scavenging.
Collapse
|
7
|
An JP, Xu RR, Liu X, Su L, Yang K, Wang XF, Wang GL, You CX. Abscisic acid insensitive 4 interacts with ICE1 and JAZ proteins to regulate ABA signaling-mediated cold tolerance in apple. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:980-997. [PMID: 34555166 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid is involved in the regulation of cold stress response, but its molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that the APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) family protein MdABI4 positively regulates abscisic acid-mediated cold tolerance in apple. We found that MdABI4 interacts with MdICE1, a key regulatory protein involved in the cold stress response, and enhances the transcriptional regulatory function of MdICE1 on its downstream target gene MdCBF1, thus improving abscisic acid-mediated cold tolerance. The jasmonate-ZIM domain (JAZ) proteins MdJAZ1 and MdJAZ2 negatively modulate MdABI4-improved cold tolerance in apple by interacting with the MdABI4 protein. Further investigation showed that MdJAZ1 and MdJAZ2 interfere with the interaction between the MdABI4 and MdICE1 proteins. Together, our data revealed that MdABI4 integrates jasmonic acid and abscisic acid signals to precisely modulate cold tolerance in apple through the JAZ-ABI4-ICE1-CBF regulatory cascade. These findings provide insights into the crosstalk between jasmonic acid and abscisic acid signals in response to cold stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Rui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Su
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Gui-Luan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kong X, Pan W, Sun N, Zhang T, Liu L, Zhang H. GLABRA2-based selection efficiently enriches Cas9-generated nonchimeric mutants in the T1 generation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:758-768. [PMID: 34608972 PMCID: PMC8491020 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a widely used tool for genome editing in plants. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), egg cell-specific promoters driving Cas9 expression have been applied to reduce the proportion of T1 transformants that are chimeras; however, this approach generally leads to relatively low mutagenesis rates. In this study, a GLABRA2 mutation-based visible selection (GBVS) system was established to enrich nonchimeric mutants among T1 plants generated by an egg cell-specific CRISPR/Cas9 system. GBVS generally enhanced mutation screening, increasing the frequency by 2.58- to 7.50-fold, and 25%-48.15% of T1 plants selected through the GBVS system were homozygous or biallelic mutants, which was 1.71- to 7.86-fold higher than the percentage selected using the original system. The mutant phenotypes of T2 plants were not obviously affected by the glabrous background for all four target genes used in this study. Additionally, the nonchimeric pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR1)/PYR1-like 1 (PYL1) and PYL2 triple mutant pyr1/pyl1/pyl2 could be obtained in the T1 generation with a ratio of 26.67% when GBVS was applied. Collectively, our results show that compared with the known CRISPR/Cas9 systems, the GBVS system described here saves more time and labor when used for the obtainment of homozygous or biallelic monogenic mutants and nonchimeric polygenic mutants in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjiu Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenbo Pan
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Weifang 261325, China
| | - Nengxu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lijing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Weifang 261325, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kalaivani V, Nikarika R, Shoma N, Arunraj R. Delayed hydrolysis of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides (RFO) affects critical germination of chickpeas. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:298. [PMID: 34194891 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are converted into sucrose and galactose by α-galactosidase during germination. Seed osmopriming with a low concentration of potassium nitrate (KNO3) induces early and synchronized germination by activating hydrolases. Here, we report the effect of osmopriming on the germination indices of chickpea, its effects on α-galactosidase, and the fate of total RFOs. Chickpea seeds primed with 100 µM KNO3 show early and synchronized germination but with reduced vigour after 48 h after imbibition (HAI) due to excess sucrose accumulation. The KNO3 suppressed the activity of α-galactosidase during the imbibition stage that was later derepressed after 24 HAI, hence decreased the RFO levels accumulating high levels of sucrose after 48 HAI. The accumulated sucrose imposed a negative effect on the germination characteristics, particularly on seed vigour. Our results suggested that the sugar release and utilization were highly regulated and crucial during imbibition and germination; the enzyme α-galactosidase regulates sugar release from seed RFO reserve.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gommers CMM, Ruiz-Sola MÁ, Ayats A, Pereira L, Pujol M, Monte E. GENOMES UNCOUPLED1-independent retrograde signaling targets the ethylene pathway to repress photomorphogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:67-76. [PMID: 33631804 PMCID: PMC8133597 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
When germinating in the light, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings undergo photomorphogenic development, characterized by short hypocotyls, greening, and expanded cotyledons. Stressed chloroplasts emit retrograde signals to the nucleus that induce developmental responses and repress photomorphogenesis. The nuclear targets of these retrograde signals are not yet fully known. Here, we show that lincomycin-treated seedlings (which lack developed chloroplasts) show strong phenotypic similarities to seedlings treated with ethylene (ET) precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, as both signals inhibit cotyledon separation in the light. We show that the lincomycin-induced phenotype partly requires a functioning ET signaling pathway, but could not detect increased ET emissions in response to the lincomycin treatment. The two treatments show overlap in upregulated gene transcripts, downstream of transcription factors ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 and EIN3-LIKE1. The induction of the ET signaling pathway is triggered by an unknown retrograde signal acting independently of GENOMES UNCOUPLED1. Our data show how two apparently different stress responses converge to optimize photomorphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M M Gommers
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC- IRTA-UAB-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - María Águila Ruiz-Sola
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC- IRTA-UAB-UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Ayats
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC- IRTA-UAB-UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Pereira
- Plant and Animal Genomics Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Present address: Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Marta Pujol
- Plant and Animal Genomics Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Monte
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC- IRTA-UAB-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Author for communication: (E.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qian J, Sun T, Yan J, Hsu YF, Zheng M. Arabidopsis glucose-sensitive mutant 3 affects ABA biosynthesis and sensitivity during early seedling development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:20-29. [PMID: 32898831 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In plants, glucose (Glc) plays pivotal roles in development and stress responses mainly by supplying fuel for growth and regulating expression of genes essential for crosstalk with hormonal, oxidative, and defense signaling. However, the complicated relationship between Glc and plant hormones is still not very clear. In this study, gsm3 (glucose-sensitive mutant 3), an Arabidopsis mutant with Glc-sensitive phenotype, was identified. Compared to wild type, the cotyledon expansion rate of gsm3 was significantly decreased under the condition of 4.5% Glc. Fluridone was able to rescue the Glc-induced defects of gsm3 in cotyledon expansion. AAO3 and ABI4 are key genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling transduction, respectively. We found that inactivation of AAO3 or ABI4 in gsm3 background led to reduced sensitivity to Glc. These results indicated that increased ABA synthesis resulted in the sensitivity of gsm3 to Glc. Moreover, our results indicated that gsm3 mutant accumulated more ROS, which made it more sensitive to the application of exogenous H2O2. Overall, GSM3 plays an important role in Glc-ABA signaling cascade during seed germination and early seedling growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tengfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiawen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yi-Feng Hsu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
StABI5 Involved in the Regulation of Chloroplast Development and Photosynthesis in Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031068. [PMID: 32041112 PMCID: PMC7036812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) insensitive 5 (ABI5)—a core transcription factor of the ABA signaling pathway—is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that plays a key role in the regulation of seed germination and early seedling growth. ABI5 interacts with other phytohormone signals to regulate plant growth and development, and stress responses in Arabidopsis, but little is known about the functions of ABI5 in potatoes. Here, we find that StABI5 is involved in the regulation of chloroplast development and photosynthesis. Genetic analysis indicates that StABI5 overexpression transgenic potato lines accelerate dark-induced leaf yellowing and senescence. The chlorophyll contents of overexpressed StABI5 transgenic potato lines were significantly decreased in comparison to those of wild-type Desiree potatoes under dark conditions. Additionally, the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis shows that many metabolic processes are changed in overexpressed StABI5 transgenic potatoes. Most of the genes involved in photosynthesis and carbon fixation are significantly down-regulated, especially the chlorophyll a-b binding protein, photosystem I, and photosystem II. These observations indicate that StABI5 negatively regulates chloroplast development and photosynthesis, and provides some insights into the functions of StABI5 in regard to potato growth.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yi J, Zhao D, Chu J, Yan J, Liu J, Wu M, Cheng J, Jiang H, Zeng Y, Liu D. AtDPG1 is involved in the salt stress response of Arabidopsis seedling through ABI4. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110180. [PMID: 31481194 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the genes controlling chloroplast development play important roles in plant responses to environmental stresses, the molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this study, an Arabidopsis mutant dpg1 (delayed pale-greening1) with a chloroplast development defect was studied. By using quantitative RT-PCR and histochemical GUS assays, we demonstrated that AtDPG1 was mainly expressed in the green tissues of Arabidopsis seedlings and could be induced by salt stress. Phenotypic analysis showed that mutation in AtDPG1 lead to an enhanced sensitivity to salt stress in Arabidopsis seedlings. Further studies demonstrated that disruption of the AtDPG1 in Arabidopsis increases its sensitivity to salt stress in an ABA-dependent manner. Moreover, expression levels of various stress-responsive and ABA signal-related genes were remarkably altered in the dpg1 plants under NaCl treatment. Notably, the transcript levels of ABI4 in dpg1 mutant increased more significantly than that in wild type plants under salt conditions. The seedlings of dpg1/abi4 double mutant exhibited stronger resistance to salt stress after salt treatment compared with the dpg1 single mutant, suggesting that the salt-hypersensitive phenotype of dpg1 seedlings could be rescued via loss of ABI4 function. These results reveal that AtDPG1 is involved in the salt stress response of Arabidopsis seedling through ABI4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yi
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jijun Yan
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Meijia Wu
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jianfeng Cheng
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yongjun Zeng
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cha JY, Lee DY, Ali I, Jeong SY, Shin B, Ji H, Kim JS, Kim MG, Kim WY. Arabidopsis GIGANTEA negatively regulates chloroplast biogenesis and resistance to herbicide butafenacil. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:793-801. [PMID: 30968200 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis GI negatively regulates chloroplast biogenesis and resistance to the herbicide butafenacil by enhanced activity and transcriptional levels of antioxidant enzymes Chloroplast biogenesis is blocked by retrograde signaling triggered by diverse internal and external cues, including sugar, reactive oxygen species (ROS), phytohormones, and abiotic stress. Efficient chloroplast biogenesis is essential for crop productivity due to its effect on photosynthetic efficiency, and is associated with agronomic traits such as insect/disease resistance, herbicide resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we show that the circadian clock-controlled gene GIGANTEA (GI) regulates chloroplast biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. The gi-2 mutant showed reduced sensitivity to the chloroplast biogenesis inhibitor lincomycin, maintaining high levels of photosynthetic proteins. By contrast, wild-type and GI-overexpressing plants were sensitive to lincomycin, with variegated leaves and reduced photosynthetic protein levels. GI is degraded by lincomycin, suggesting that GI is genetically linked to chloroplast biogenesis. The GI mutant alleles gi-1 and gi-2 were resistant to the herbicide butafenacil, which inhibits protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase activity and triggers ROS-mediated cell death via the accumulation of chlorophyll precursors. Butafenacil-mediated accumulation of superoxide anions and H2O2 was not detected in gi-1 or gi-2, as revealed by histochemical staining. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase were 1.2-1.4-fold higher in both gi mutants compared to the wild type. Finally, the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes were 1.5-2-fold higher in the mutants than in the wild type. These results suggest that GI negatively regulates chloroplast biogenesis and resistance to the herbicide butafenacil, providing evidence for a genetic link between GI and chloroplast biogenesis, which could facilitate the development of herbicide-resistant crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Yeon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Imdad Ali
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Bobae Shin
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Ji
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Forlani S, Masiero S, Mizzotti C. Fruit ripening: the role of hormones, cell wall modifications, and their relationship with pathogens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2993-3006. [PMID: 30854549 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fruits result from complex biological processes that begin soon after fertilization. Among these processes are cell division and expansion, accumulation of secondary metabolites, and an increase in carbohydrate biosynthesis. Later fruit ripening is accomplished by chlorophyll degradation and cell wall lysis. Fruit maturation is an essential step to optimize seed dispersal, and is controlled by a complex network of transcription factors and genetic regulators that are strongly influenced by phytohormones. Abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene are the major regulators of ripening and senescence in both dry and fleshy fruits, as demonstrated by numerous ripening-defective mutants, effects of exogenous hormone application, and transcriptome analyses. While ethylene is the best characterized player in the final step of a fruit's life, ABA also has a key regulatory role, promoting ethylene production and acting as a stress-related hormone in response to drought and pathogen attack. In this review, we focus on the role of ABA and ethylene in relation to the interconnected biotic and abiotic phenomena that affect ripening and senescence. We integrate and discuss the most recent data available regarding these biological processes, which are crucial for post-harvest fruit conservation and for food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Forlani
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Masiero
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mizzotti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cui F, Brosché M, Shapiguzov A, He XQ, Vainonen JP, Leppälä J, Trotta A, Kangasjärvi S, Salojärvi J, Kangasjärvi J, Overmyer K. Interaction of methyl viologen-induced chloroplast and mitochondrial signalling in Arabidopsis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:555-566. [PMID: 30738155 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signalling intermediates in plant metabolism, defence, and stress adaptation. In plants, both the chloroplast and mitochondria are centres of metabolic control and ROS production, which coordinate stress responses in other cell compartments. The herbicide and experimental tool, methyl viologen (MV) induces ROS generation in the chloroplast under illumination, but is also toxic in non-photosynthetic organisms. We used MV to probe plant ROS signalling in compartments other than the chloroplast. Taking a genetic approach in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we used natural variation, QTL mapping, and mutant studies with MV in the light, but also under dark conditions, when the chloroplast electron transport is inactive. These studies revealed a light-independent MV-induced ROS-signalling pathway, suggesting mitochondrial involvement. Mitochondrial Mn SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE was required for ROS-tolerance and the effect of MV was enhanced by exogenous sugar, providing further evidence for the role of mitochondria. Mutant and hormone feeding assays revealed roles for stress hormones in organellar ROS-responses. The radical-induced cell death1 mutant, which is tolerant to MV-induced ROS and exhibits altered mitochondrial signalling, was used to probe interactions between organelles. Our studies suggest that mitochondria are involved in the response to ROS induced by MV in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Cui
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Alexey Shapiguzov
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, 127276, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xin-Qiang He
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland; College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Julia P Vainonen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Leppälä
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Trotta
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirk Overmyer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kacprzak SM, Mochizuki N, Naranjo B, Xu D, Leister D, Kleine T, Okamoto H, Terry MJ. Plastid-to-Nucleus Retrograde Signalling during Chloroplast Biogenesis Does Not Require ABI4. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:18-23. [PMID: 30377235 PMCID: PMC6324232 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple abi4 alleles fail to show a deficiency in chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling indicating that, contrary to contemporary models, ABI4 is not a component of this signalling pathway
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia M Kacprzak
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Belén Naranjo
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Duorong Xu
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Haruko Okamoto
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Terry
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mizzotti C, Rotasperti L, Moretto M, Tadini L, Resentini F, Galliani BM, Galbiati M, Engelen K, Pesaresi P, Masiero S. Time-Course Transcriptome Analysis of Arabidopsis Siliques Discloses Genes Essential for Fruit Development and Maturation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1249-1268. [PMID: 30275057 PMCID: PMC6236619 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fruits protect the developing seeds of angiosperms and actively contribute to seed dispersion. Furthermore, fruit and seed development are highly synchronized and require exchange of information between the mother plant and the developing generations. To explore the mechanisms controlling fruit formation and maturation, we performed a transcriptomic analysis on the valve tissue of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) silique using RNA sequencing. In doing so, we have generated a data set of differentially regulated genes that will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underpin the initial phase of fruit growth and, subsequently, trigger fruit maturation. The robustness of our data set has been tested by functional genomic studies. Using a reverse genetics approach, we selected 10 differentially expressed genes and explored the consequences of their disruption for both silique growth and senescence. We found that genes contained in our data set play essential roles in different stages of silique development and maturation, indicating that our transcriptome-based gene list is a powerful tool for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms controlling fruit formation in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mizzotti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Rotasperti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Moretto
- Computational Biology Unit, Fondazione E. Mach, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Luca Tadini
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Resentini
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca M Galliani
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Galbiati
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Kristof Engelen
- Computational Biology Unit, Fondazione E. Mach, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Paolo Pesaresi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Masiero
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Locato V, Cimini S, De Gara L. ROS and redox balance as multifaceted players of cross-tolerance: epigenetic and retrograde control of gene expression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3373-3391. [PMID: 29722828 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde pathways occurring between chloroplasts, mitochondria, and the nucleus involve oxidative and antioxidative signals that, working in a synergistic or antagonistic mode, control the expression of specific patterns of genes following stress perception. Increasing evidence also underlines the relevance of mitochondrion-chloroplast-nucleus crosstalk in modulating the whole cellular redox metabolism by a controlled and integrated flux of information. Plants can maintain the acquired tolerance by a stress memory, also operating at the transgenerational level, via epigenetic and miRNA-based mechanisms controlling gene expression. Data discussed in this review strengthen the idea that ROS, redox signals, and shifts in cellular redox balance permeate the signalling network leading to cross-tolerance. The identification of specific ROS/antioxidative signatures leading a plant to different fates under stress is pivotal for identifying strategies to monitor and increase plant fitness in a changing environment. This review provides an update of the plant redox signalling network implicated in stress responses, in particular in cross-tolerance acquisition. The interplay between reactive oxygen species (ROS), ROS-derived signals, and antioxidative pathways is also discussed in terms of plant acclimation to stress in the short and long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Locato
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cimini
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Karpinska B, Alomrani SO, Foyer CH. Inhibitor-induced oxidation of the nucleus and cytosol in Arabidopsis thaliana: implications for organelle to nucleus retrograde signalling. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0392. [PMID: 28808105 PMCID: PMC5566886 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Concepts of organelle-to-nucleus signalling pathways are largely based on genetic screens involving inhibitors of chloroplast and mitochondrial functions such as norflurazon, lincomycin (LINC), antimycin A (ANT) and salicylhydroxamic acid. These inhibitors favour enhanced cellular oxidation, but their precise effects on the cellular redox state are unknown. Using the in vivo reduction–oxidation (redox) reporter, roGFP2, inhibitor-induced changes in the glutathione redox potentials of the nuclei and cytosol were measured in Arabidopsis thaliana root, epidermal and stomatal guard cells, together with the expression of nuclear-encoded chloroplast and mitochondrial marker genes. All the chloroplast and mitochondrial inhibitors increased the degree of oxidation in the nuclei and cytosol. However, inhibitor-induced oxidation was less marked in stomatal guard cells than in epidermal or root cells. Moreover, LINC and ANT caused a greater oxidation of guard cell nuclei than the cytosol. Chloroplast and mitochondrial inhibitors significantly decreased the abundance of LHCA1 and LHCB1 transcripts. The levels of WHY1, WHY3 and LEA5 transcripts were increased in the presence of inhibitors. Chloroplast inhibitors decreased AOXA1 mRNA levels, while mitochondrial inhibitors had the opposite effect. Inhibitors that are used to characterize retrograde signalling pathways therefore have similar general effects on cellular redox state and gene expression. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement’.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Karpinska
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sarah Owdah Alomrani
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao C, Haigh AM, Holford P, Chen ZH. Roles of Chloroplast Retrograde Signals and Ion Transport in Plant Drought Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E963. [PMID: 29570668 PMCID: PMC5979362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, drought affects crop yields; therefore, understanding plants' strategies to adapt to drought is critical. Chloroplasts are key regulators of plant responses, and signals from chloroplasts also regulate nuclear gene expression during drought. However, the interactions between chloroplast-initiated retrograde signals and ion channels under stress are still not clear. In this review, we summarise the retrograde signals that participate in regulating plant stress tolerance. We compare chloroplastic transporters that modulate retrograde signalling through retrograde biosynthesis or as critical components in retrograde signalling. We also discuss the roles of important plasma membrane and tonoplast ion transporters that are involved in regulating stomatal movement. We propose how retrograde signals interact with ion transporters under stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Anthony M Haigh
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Niu Y, Xiang Y. An Overview of Biomembrane Functions in Plant Responses to High-Temperature Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:915. [PMID: 30018629 PMCID: PMC6037897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes are highly ordered structures consisting of mosaics of lipids and proteins. Elevated temperatures can directly and effectively change the properties of these membranes, including their fluidity and permeability, through a holistic effect that involves changes in the lipid composition and/or interactions between lipids and specific membrane proteins. Ultimately, high temperatures can alter microdomain remodeling and instantaneously relay ambient cues to downstream signaling pathways. Thus, dynamic membrane regulation not only helps cells perceive temperature changes but also participates in intracellular responses and determines a cell's fate. Moreover, due to the specific distribution of extra- and endomembrane elements, the plasma membrane (PM) and membranous organelles are individually responsible for distinct developmental events during plant adaptation to heat stress. This review describes recent studies that focused on the roles of various components that can alter the physical state of the plasma and thylakoid membranes as well as the crucial signaling pathways initiated through the membrane system, encompassing both endomembranes and membranous organelles in the context of heat stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Niu
- *Correspondence: Yue Niu, Yun Xiang,
| | - Yun Xiang
- *Correspondence: Yue Niu, Yun Xiang,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Barczak-Brzyżek A, Kiełkiewicz M, Górecka M, Kot K, Karpińska B, Filipecki M. Abscisic Acid Insensitive 4 transcription factor is an important player in the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) feeding. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 73:317-326. [PMID: 29210003 PMCID: PMC5727149 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants growing in constantly changeable environmental conditions are compelled to evolve regulatory mechanisms to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. Effective defence to invaders is largely connected with phytohormone regulation, resulting in the production of numerous defensive proteins and specialized metabolites. In our work, we elucidated the role of the Abscisic Acid Insensitive 4 (ABI4) transcription factor in the plant response to the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM). This polyphagous mite is one of the most destructive herbivores, which sucks mesophyll cells of numerous crop and wild plants. Compared to the wild-type (Col-0) Arabidopsis thaliana plants, the abi4 mutant demonstrated increased susceptibility to TSSM, reflected as enhanced female fecundity and greater frequency of mite leaf damage after trypan blue staining. Because ABI4 is regarded as an important player in the plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signalling process, we investigated the plastid envelope membrane dynamics using stroma-associated fluorescent marker. Our results indicated a clear increase in the number of stroma-filled tubular structures deriving from the plastid membrane (stromules) in the close proximity of the site of mite leaf damage, highlighting the importance of chloroplast-derived signals in the response to TSSM feeding activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karol Kot
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Karpińska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
ATHB17 enhances stress tolerance by coordinating photosynthesis associated nuclear gene and ATSIG5 expression in response to abiotic stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45492. [PMID: 28358040 PMCID: PMC5371990 DOI: 10.1038/srep45492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is sensitive to environmental stress and must be efficiently modulated in response to abiotic stress. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we report that ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX 17 (ATHB17), an Arabidopsis HD-Zip transcription factor, regulated the expression of a number of photosynthesis associated nuclear genes (PhANGs) involved in the light reaction and ATSIG5 in response to abiotic stress. ATHB17 was responsive to ABA and multiple stress treatments. ATHB17-overexpressing plants displayed enhanced stress tolerance, whereas its knockout mutant was more sensitive compared to the wild type. Through RNA-seq and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, we found that ATHB17 did not affect the expression of many known stress-responsive marker genes. Interestingly, we found that ATHB17 down-regulated many PhANGs and could directly modulate the expression of several PhANGs by binding to their promoters. Moreover, we identified ATSIG5, encoding a plastid sigma factor, as one of the target genes of ATHB17. Loss of ATSIG5 reduced salt tolerance while overexpression of ATSIG5 enhanced salt tolerance, similar to that of ATHB17. ATHB17 can positively modulate the expression of many plastid encoded genes (PEGs) through regulation of ATSIG5. Taken together, our results suggest that ATHB17 may play an important role in protecting plants by adjusting expression of PhANGs and PEGs in response to abiotic stresses.
Collapse
|
25
|
Leister D, Wang L, Kleine T. Organellar Gene Expression and Acclimation of Plants to Environmental Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:387. [PMID: 28377785 PMCID: PMC5359298 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organelles produce ATP and a variety of vital metabolites, and are indispensable for plant development. While most of their original gene complements have been transferred to the nucleus in the course of evolution, they retain their own genomes and gene-expression machineries. Hence, organellar function requires tight coordination between organellar gene expression (OGE) and nuclear gene expression (NGE). OGE requires various nucleus-encoded proteins that regulate transcription, splicing, trimming, editing, and translation of organellar RNAs, which necessitates nucleus-to-organelle (anterograde) communication. Conversely, changes in OGE trigger retrograde signaling that modulates NGE in accordance with the current status of the organelle. Changes in OGE occur naturally in response to developmental and environmental changes, and can be artificially induced by inhibitors such as lincomycin or mutations that perturb OGE. Focusing on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its plastids, we review here recent findings which suggest that perturbations of OGE homeostasis regularly result in the activation of acclimation and tolerance responses, presumably via retrograde signaling.
Collapse
|
26
|
Dahal K, Martyn GD, Alber NA, Vanlerberghe GC. Coordinated regulation of photosynthetic and respiratory components is necessary to maintain chloroplast energy balance in varied growth conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:657-671. [PMID: 28011719 PMCID: PMC5441918 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have a non-energy-conserving alternative oxidase (AOX) proposed to support photosynthesis, perhaps by promoting energy balance under varying growth conditions. To investigate this, wild-type (WT) Nicotiana tabacum were compared with AOX knockdown and overexpression lines. In addition, the amount of AOX protein in WT plants was compared with that of chloroplast light-harvesting complex II (LHCB2), whose amount is known to respond to chloroplast energy status. With increased growth irradiance, WT leaves maintained higher rates of respiration in the light (RL), but no differences in RL or photosynthesis were seen between the WT and transgenic lines, suggesting that, under non-stress conditions, AOX was not critical for leaf metabolism, regardless of growth irradiance. However, under drought, the AOX amount became an important determinant of RL, which in turn was an important determinant of chloroplast energy balance (measured as photosystem II excitation pressure, EP), and photosynthetic performance. In the WT, the AOX amount increased and the LHCB2 amount decreased with increased growth irradiance or drought severity. These changes in protein amounts correlated strongly, in opposing ways, with growth EP. This suggests that a signal deriving from the photosynthetic electron transport chain status coordinately controls the amounts of AOX and LHCB2, which then both contribute to maintaining chloroplast energy balance, particularly under stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto,
ON, Canada
| | - Greg D Martyn
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto,
ON, Canada
| | - Nicole A Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto,
ON, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto,
ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Miclaus M, Balacescu O, Has I, Balacescu L, Has V, Suteu D, Neuenschwander S, Keller I, Bruggmann R. Maize Cytolines Unmask Key Nuclear Genes That Are under the Control of Retrograde Signaling Pathways in Plants. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:3256-3270. [PMID: 27702813 PMCID: PMC5203784 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomes of the two plant organelles encode for a relatively small number of proteins. Thus, nuclear genes encode the vast majority of their proteome. Organelle-to-nucleus communication takes place through retrograde signaling (RS) pathways. Signals relayed through RS pathways have an impact on nuclear gene expression but their target-genes remain elusive in a normal state of the cell (considering that only mutants and stress have been used so far). Here, we use maize cytolines as an alternative. The nucleus of a donor line was transferred into two other cytoplasmic environments through at least nine back-crosses, in a time-span of > 10 years. The transcriptomes of the resulting cytolines were sequenced and compared. There are 96 differentially regulated nuclear genes in two cytoplasm-donor lines when compared with their nucleus-donor. They are expressed throughout plant development, in various tissues and organs. One-third of the 96 proteins have a human homolog, stressing their potential role in mitochondrial RS. We also identified syntenic orthologous genes in four other grasses and homologous genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. These findings contribute to the paradigm we use to describe the RS in plants. The 96 nuclear genes identified here are not differentially regulated as a result of mutation, or any kind of stress. They are rather key players of the organelle-to-nucleus communication in a normal state of the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Miclaus
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Cluj-Napoca, Romania .,Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- The Oncology Institute "Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Has
- Agricultural Research and Development Station, Turda, Romania
| | - Loredana Balacescu
- The Oncology Institute "Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Voichita Has
- Agricultural Research and Development Station, Turda, Romania
| | - Dana Suteu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Samuel Neuenschwander
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irene Keller
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kambakam S, Bhattacharjee U, Petrich J, Rodermel S. PTOX Mediates Novel Pathways of Electron Transport in Etioplasts of Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1240-1259. [PMID: 27353362 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The immutans (im) variegation mutant of Arabidopsis defines the gene for PTOX (plastid terminal oxidase), a versatile plastoquinol oxidase in chloroplast membranes. In this report we used im to gain insight into the function of PTOX in etioplasts of dark-grown seedlings. We discovered that PTOX helps control the redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool in these organelles, and that it plays an essential role in etioplast metabolism by participating in the desaturation reactions of carotenogenesis and in one or more redox pathways mediated by PGR5 (PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5) and NDH (NAD(P)H dehydrogenase), both of which are central players in cyclic electron transport. We propose that these elements couple PTOX with electron flow from NAD(P)H to oxygen, and by analogy to chlororespiration (in chloroplasts) and chromorespiration (in chromoplasts), we suggest that they define a respiratory process in etioplasts that we have termed "etiorespiration". We further show that the redox state of the PQ pool in etioplasts might control chlorophyll biosynthesis, perhaps by participating in mechanisms of retrograde (plastid-to-nucleus) signaling that coordinate biosynthetic and photoprotective activities required to poise the etioplast for light development. We conclude that PTOX is an important component of metabolism and redox sensing in etioplasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sekhar Kambakam
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, 445 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Jacob Petrich
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Steve Rodermel
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, 445 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wilson ME, Mixdorf M, Berg RH, Haswell ES. Plastid osmotic stress influences cell differentiation at the plant shoot apex. Development 2016; 143:3382-93. [PMID: 27510974 DOI: 10.1242/dev.136234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The balance between proliferation and differentiation in the plant shoot apical meristem is controlled by regulatory loops involving the phytohormone cytokinin and stem cell identity genes. Concurrently, cellular differentiation in the developing shoot is coordinated with the environmental and developmental status of plastids within those cells. Here, we employ an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant exhibiting constitutive plastid osmotic stress to investigate the molecular and genetic pathways connecting plastid osmotic stress with cell differentiation at the shoot apex. msl2 msl3 mutants exhibit dramatically enlarged and deformed plastids in the shoot apical meristem, and develop a mass of callus tissue at the shoot apex. Callus production in this mutant requires the cytokinin receptor AHK2 and is characterized by increased cytokinin levels, downregulation of cytokinin signaling inhibitors ARR7 and ARR15, and induction of the stem cell identity gene WUSCHEL Furthermore, plastid stress-induced apical callus production requires elevated plastidic reactive oxygen species, ABA biosynthesis, the retrograde signaling protein GUN1, and ABI4. These results are consistent with a model wherein the cytokinin/WUS pathway and retrograde signaling control cell differentiation at the shoot apex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Wilson
- Department of Biology, Mailbox 1137, One Brookings Drive, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Matthew Mixdorf
- Department of Biology, Mailbox 1137, One Brookings Drive, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - R Howard Berg
- Integrated Microscopy Facility, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Rd., Saint Louis, MO 63132 USA
| | - Elizabeth S Haswell
- Department of Biology, Mailbox 1137, One Brookings Drive, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Arabidopsis YL1/BPG2 Is Involved in Seedling Shoot Response to Salt Stress through ABI4. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30163. [PMID: 27444988 PMCID: PMC4957093 DOI: 10.1038/srep30163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloroplast-localized proteins play roles in plant salt stress response, but their mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we screened a yellow leaf mutant, yl1-1, whose shoots exhibited hypersensitivity to salt stress. We mapped YL1 to AT3G57180, which encodes a YqeH-type GTPase. YL1, as a chloroplast stroma-localized protein, could be markedly reduced by high salinity. Upon exposure to high salinity, seedling shoots of yl1-1 and yl1-2 accumulated significantly higher levels of Na+ than wild type. Expression analysis of factors involved in plant salt stress response showed that the expression of ABI4 was increased and HKT1 was evidently suppressed in mutant shoots compared with the wild type under normal growth conditions. Moreover, salinity effects on ABI4 and HKT1 were clearly weakened in the mutant shoots, suggesting that the loss of YL1 function impairs ABI4 and HKT1 expression. Notably, the shoots of yl1-2 abi4 double mutant exhibited stronger resistance to salt stress and accumulated less Na+ levels after salt treatment compared with the yl1-2 single mutant, suggesting the salt-sensitive phenotype of yl1-2 seedlings could be rescued via loss of ABI4 function. These results reveal that YL1 is involved in the salt stress response of seedling shoots through ABI4.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao Y, Ai X, Wang M, Xiao L, Xia G. A putative pyruvate transporter TaBASS2 positively regulates salinity tolerance in wheat via modulation of ABI4 expression. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:109. [PMID: 27160076 PMCID: PMC4862123 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High salinity adversely affects crop production. Pyruvic acid is the precursor of abscisic acid (ABA) and other chemicals that are synthesized in chloroplast, some of which are involved in the response to salt. The transportation of pyruvic acid into chloroplast is mediated by pyruvate transporters. However, whether pyruvate transporters are involved in salt response has not been studied so far. Here, we answered this issue by assessing the function of a wheat pyruvate transporter in salt response. RESULTS A pyruvate transporter TaBASS2 was isolated from salt-tolerant wheat cultivar Shanrong 3. The expression of TaBASS2 was induced by NaCl stress as well as H2O2 and ABA treatments. Constitutive expression of TaBASS2 in Arabidopsis bass2-1 mutant complemented the mevastatin-sensitive phenotype that reflects the deficiency of transporting pyruvic acid into chloroplast. Overexpression of TaBASS2 enhanced salinity tolerance and reactive oxygen species scavenging in wheat. Arabidopsis constitutively expressing TaBASS2 also exhibited enhanced tolerance to salinity and oxidative stress. In Arabidopsis, TaBASS2 repressed the expression of ABA INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4), a node linking ABA signaling and plastid retrograde signaling pathways. However, the enhanced salinity tolerance of TaBASS2 overexpression Arabidopsis was abolished when ABI4 expression was restored to the level of wild-type through overexpressing ABI4. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrates that TaBASS2 enhances salinity tolerance of plants via modulating ABI4 expression. This indicates that pyruvate transporters indeed participate in the interaction of plants with environmental stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Xinghui Ai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Mengcheng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Guangmin Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Impaired Chloroplast Biogenesis in Immutans, an Arabidopsis Variegation Mutant, Modifies Developmental Programming, Cell Wall Composition and Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150983. [PMID: 27050746 PMCID: PMC4822847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immutans (im) variegation mutation of Arabidopsis has green- and white- sectored leaves due to action of a nuclear recessive gene. IM codes for PTOX, a plastoquinol oxidase in plastid membranes. Previous studies have revealed that the green and white sectors develop into sources (green tissues) and sinks (white tissues) early in leaf development. In this report we focus on white sectors, and show that their transformation into effective sinks involves a sharp reduction in plastid number and size. Despite these reductions, cells in the white sectors have near-normal amounts of plastid RNA and protein, and surprisingly, a marked amplification of chloroplast DNA. The maintenance of protein synthesis capacity in the white sectors might poise plastids for their development into other plastid types. The green and white im sectors have different cell wall compositions: whereas cell walls in the green sectors resemble those in wild type, cell walls in the white sectors have reduced lignin and cellulose microfibrils, as well as alterations in galactomannans and the decoration of xyloglucan. These changes promote susceptibility to the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Enhanced susceptibility can also be explained by repressed expression of some, but not all, defense genes. We suggest that differences in morphology, physiology and biochemistry between the green and white sectors is caused by a reprogramming of leaf development that is coordinated, in part, by mechanisms of retrograde (plastid-to-nucleus) signaling, perhaps mediated by ROS. We conclude that variegation mutants offer a novel system to study leaf developmental programming, cell wall metabolism and host-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
|
33
|
Sun AZ, Guo FQ. Chloroplast Retrograde Regulation of Heat Stress Responses in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:398. [PMID: 27066042 PMCID: PMC4814484 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that intracellular signaling from chloroplast to nucleus plays a vital role in stress responses to survive environmental perturbations. The chloroplasts were proposed as sensors to heat stress since components of the photosynthetic apparatus housed in the chloroplast are the major targets of thermal damage in plants. Thus, communicating subcellular perturbations to the nucleus is critical during exposure to extreme environmental conditions such as heat stress. By coordinating expression of stress specific nuclear genes essential for adaptive responses to hostile environment, plants optimize different cell functions and activate acclimation responses through retrograde signaling pathways. The efficient communication between plastids and the nucleus is highly required for such diverse metabolic and biosynthetic functions during adaptation processes to environmental stresses. In recent years, several putative retrograde signals released from plastids that regulate nuclear genes have been identified and signaling pathways have been proposed. In this review, we provide an update on retrograde signals derived from tetrapyrroles, carotenoids, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and organellar gene expression (OGE) in the context of heat stress responses and address their roles in retrograde regulation of heat-responsive gene expression, systemic acquired acclimation, and cellular coordination in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fang-Qing Guo
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Shanghai) and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sun AZ, Guo FQ. Chloroplast Retrograde Regulation of Heat Stress Responses in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:398. [PMID: 27066042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00398/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that intracellular signaling from chloroplast to nucleus plays a vital role in stress responses to survive environmental perturbations. The chloroplasts were proposed as sensors to heat stress since components of the photosynthetic apparatus housed in the chloroplast are the major targets of thermal damage in plants. Thus, communicating subcellular perturbations to the nucleus is critical during exposure to extreme environmental conditions such as heat stress. By coordinating expression of stress specific nuclear genes essential for adaptive responses to hostile environment, plants optimize different cell functions and activate acclimation responses through retrograde signaling pathways. The efficient communication between plastids and the nucleus is highly required for such diverse metabolic and biosynthetic functions during adaptation processes to environmental stresses. In recent years, several putative retrograde signals released from plastids that regulate nuclear genes have been identified and signaling pathways have been proposed. In this review, we provide an update on retrograde signals derived from tetrapyrroles, carotenoids, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and organellar gene expression (OGE) in the context of heat stress responses and address their roles in retrograde regulation of heat-responsive gene expression, systemic acquired acclimation, and cellular coordination in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Zhen Sun
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Shanghai) and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Qing Guo
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Shanghai) and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kobayashi K, Masuda T. Transcriptional Regulation of Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1811. [PMID: 27990150 PMCID: PMC5130987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of chlorophyll (Chl) involves many enzymatic reactions that share several first steps for biosynthesis of other tetrapyrroles such as heme, siroheme, and phycobilins. Chl allows photosynthetic organisms to capture light energy for photosynthesis but with simultaneous threat of photooxidative damage to cells. To prevent photodamage by Chl and its highly photoreactive intermediates, photosynthetic organisms have developed multiple levels of regulatory mechanisms to coordinate tetrapyrrole biosynthesis (TPB) with the formation of photosynthetic and photoprotective systems and to fine-tune the metabolic flow with the varying needs of Chl and other tetrapyrroles under various developmental and environmental conditions. Among a wide range of regulatory mechanisms of TPB, this review summarizes transcriptional regulation of TPB genes during plant development, with focusing on several transcription factors characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. Key TPB genes are tightly coexpressed with other photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes and are induced by light, oscillate in a diurnal and circadian manner, are coordinated with developmental and nutritional status, and are strongly downregulated in response to arrested chloroplast biogenesis. LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs, which are positive and negative transcription factors with a wide range of light signaling, respectively, target many TPB genes for light and circadian regulation. GOLDEN2-LIKE transcription factors directly regulate key TPB genes to fine-tune the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus with chloroplast functionality. Some transcription factors such as FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3, REVEILLE1, and scarecrow-like transcription factors may directly regulate some specific TPB genes, whereas other factors such as GATA transcription factors are likely to regulate TPB genes in an indirect manner. Comprehensive transcriptional analyses of TPB genes and detailed characterization of key transcriptional regulators help us obtain a whole picture of transcriptional control of TPB in response to environmental and endogenous cues.
Collapse
|
36
|
Singh R, Singh S, Parihar P, Singh VP, Prasad SM. Retrograde signaling between plastid and nucleus: A review. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 181:55-66. [PMID: 25974370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde signaling, defined as the signaling events leading from the plastids to the nucleus, coordinates the expression of plastid and nuclear genes and is crucial for metabolic as well as developmental processes of the plastids. In the recent past, the identification of various components that are involved in the generation and transmission of plastid-originated retrograde signals and the regulation of nuclear gene expression has only provided a glimpse of the plastid retrograde signaling network, which remains poorly understood. The basic assumptions underlying our current understanding of retrograde signaling stayed untouched for many years. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this review article to summarize established facts and recent advances regarding various retrograde signaling pathways derived from different sources, the identification of key elements mediating retrograde signal transduction and also to give an overview of possible signaling molecules that remain to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Govt Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, Koriya-497335, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vilela B, Pagès M, Riera M. Emerging roles of protein kinase CK2 in abscisic acid signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:966. [PMID: 26579189 PMCID: PMC4630567 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many aspects of plant growth and development as well as responses to multiple stresses. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation or ubiquitination have pivotal roles in the regulation of ABA signaling. In addition to the positive regulator sucrose non-fermenting-1 related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2), the relevance of the role of other protein kinases, such as CK2, has been recently highlighted. We have recently established that CK2 phosphorylates the maize ortholog of open stomata 1 OST1, ZmOST1, suggesting a role of CK2 phosphorylation in the control of ZmOST1 protein degradation (Vilela et al., 2015). CK2 is a pleiotropic enzyme involved in multiple developmental and stress-responsive pathways. This review summarizes recent advances that taken together suggest a prominent role of protein kinase CK2 in ABA signaling and related processes.
Collapse
|
38
|
Li L, Song Y, Wang K, Dong P, Zhang X, Li F, Li Z, Ren M. TOR-inhibitor insensitive-1 (TRIN1) regulates cotyledons greening in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:861. [PMID: 26557124 PMCID: PMC4617058 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is an eukaryotic protein kinase and evolutionally conserved from the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) to humans. The growing evidences have shown that TOR signaling acts as a central controller of cell growth and development. The downstream effectors of TOR have been well-identified in yeast and animals by using the immunosuppression agent rapamycin. However, less is known about TOR in plants. This is largely due to the fact that plants are insensitive to rapamycin. In this study, AZD8055 (AZD), the novel ATP-competitive inhibitor of TOR, was employed to decipher the downstream effectors of TOR in Arabidopsis. One AZD insensitive mutant, T O R - i nhibitor i n sensitive- 1 (trin1), was screened from 10,000 EMS-induced mutation seeds. The cotyledons of trin1 can turn green when its seeds were germinated on ½ MS medium supplemented with 2 μM AZD, whereas the cotyledons greening of wild-type (WT) can be completely blocked at this concentration. Through genetic mapping, TRIN1 was mapped onto the long arm of chromosome 2, between markers SGCSNP26 and MI277. Positional cloning revealed that TRIN1 was an allele of ABI4, which encoded an ABA-regulated AP2 domain transcription factor. Plants containing P35S::TRIN1 or P35S::TRIN1-GUS were hypersensitive to AZD treatment and displayed the opposite phenotype observed in trin1. Importantly, GUS signaling was significantly enhanced in P35S::TRIN1-GUS transgenic plants in response to AZD treatment, indicating that suppression of TOR resulted in the accumulation of TRIN1. These observations revealed that TOR controlled seed-to-seedling transition by negatively regulating the stability of TRIN1 in Arabidopsis. For the first time, TRIN1, the downstream effector of TOR signaling, was identified through a chemical genetics approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linxuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing UniversityChongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Maozhi Ren
| | - Yun Song
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyHenan, China
- *Correspondence: Maozhi Ren
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Pan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyHenan, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyHenan, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Maozhi Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing UniversityChongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Maozhi Ren
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang Y, Chang H, Hu S, Lu X, Yuan C, Zhang C, Wang P, Xiao W, Xiao L, Xue GP, Guo X. Plastid casein kinase 2 knockout reduces abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity, thermotolerance, and expression of ABA- and heat-stress-responsive nuclear genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4159-75. [PMID: 24803505 PMCID: PMC4112627 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plastid casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a major Ser/Thr-specific enzyme for protein phosphorylation in the chloroplast stroma and its kinase activity is regulated by redox signals. To understand the role of CK2 phosphorylation of chloroplast proteins in abiotic stress signalling, an Arabidopsis plastid CK2 (CKA4) knockout mutant was investigated in terms of the plant response to abscisic acid (ABA) and heat stress. CKA4 expression was upregulated by ABA and heat treatment. The cka4 mutant showed reduced sensitivity to ABA during seed germination and seedling growth, and increased stomatal aperture and leaf water loss with a slightly reduced leaf ABA level. The cka4 mutant was more sensitive to heat stress than the wild-type Columbia-0. The expression levels of a number of genes in the ABA regulatory network were reduced in the cka4 mutant. Many heat-upregulated genes (heat-shock factors and heat-shock proteins) were also reduced in the cka4 mutant. The cka4 mutant showed reduced expression levels of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase target genes (atpB and psbA). CKA4 knockout mutation also resulted in a reduction in expression of some critical genes (PTM, ABI4, and PRS1) involved in retrograde signalling from the chloroplast to the nucleus. Similar results were observed in mutant plants with the knockout mutation in both CKA4 and CKA3, which encodes a nuclear CK2 α3 subunit. CKA3 expression was not responsive to ABA and heat stress. These results suggest that CKA4 is an enhancing factor in abiotic stress signalling through modulating the expression of some molecular players in retrograde signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Hongping Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiutao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Congying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Gang-Ping Xue
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Xinhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ng S, De Clercq I, Van Aken O, Law SR, Ivanova A, Willems P, Giraud E, Van Breusegem F, Whelan J. Anterograde and retrograde regulation of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins during growth, development, and stress. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1075-93. [PMID: 24711293 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis and function in plants require the expression of over 1000 nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins (NGEMPs). The expression of these genes is regulated by tissue-specific, developmental, internal, and external stimuli that result in a dynamic organelle involved in both metabolic and a variety of signaling processes. Although the metabolic and biosynthetic machinery of mitochondria is relatively well understood, the factors that regulate these processes and the various signaling pathways involved are only beginning to be identified at a molecular level. The molecular components of anterograde (nuclear to mitochondrial) and retrograde (mitochondrial to nuclear) signaling pathways that regulate the expression of NGEMPs interact with chloroplast-, growth-, and stress-signaling pathways in the cell at a variety of levels, with common components involved in transmission and execution of these signals. This positions mitochondria as important hubs for signaling in the cell, not only in direct signaling of mitochondrial function per se, but also in sensing and/or integrating a variety of other internal and external signals. This integrates and optimizes growth with energy metabolism and stress responses, which is required in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ng
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Australia Joint Research Laboratory in Genomics and Nutriomics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Inge De Clercq
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Van Aken
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon R Law
- Department of Botany, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aneta Ivanova
- Department of Botany, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick Willems
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Medical Protein Research and Department of Biochemistry, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Estelle Giraud
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Australia Present address: Illumina, ANZ, 1 International Court, Scoresby Victoria 3179, Australia
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Botany, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li P, Zhou H, Shi X, Yu B, Zhou Y, Chen S, Wang Y, Peng Y, Meyer RC, Smeekens SC, Teng S. The ABI4-induced Arabidopsis ANAC060 transcription factor attenuates ABA signaling and renders seedlings sugar insensitive when present in the nucleus. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004213. [PMID: 24625790 PMCID: PMC3953025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Seedling establishment is inhibited on media containing high levels (∼ 6%) of glucose or fructose. Genetic loci that overcome the inhibition of seedling growth on high sugar have been identified using natural variation analysis and mutant selection, providing insight into sugar signaling pathways. In this study, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed for seedling sensitivity to high sugar in a Col/C24 F2 population of Arabidopsis thaliana. A glucose and fructose-sensing QTL, GSQ11, was mapped through selective genotyping and confirmed in near-isogenic lines in both Col and C24 backgrounds. Allelism tests and transgenic complementation showed that GSQ11 lies within the ANAC060 gene. The Col ANAC060 allele confers sugar insensitivity and was dominant over the sugar-sensitive C24 allele. Genomic and mRNA analyses showed that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Col ANAC060 affects the splicing patterns of ANAC060 such that 20 additional nucleotides are present in the mRNA. The insertion created a stop codon, resulting in a truncated ANAC60 protein lacking the transmembrane domain (TMD) that is present in the C24 ANAC060 protein. The absence of the TMD results in the nuclear localization of ANAC060. The short version of the ANAC060 protein is found in ∼ 12% of natural Arabidopsis accessions. Glucose induces GSQ11/ANAC060 expression in a process that requires abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR and transient expression analysis showed that ABI4 directly binds to the GSQ11/ANAC060 promoter to activate transcription. Interestingly, Col ANAC060 reduced ABA sensitivity and Glc-induced ABA accumulation, and ABI4 expression was also reduced in Col ANAC060 lines. Thus, the sugar-ABA signaling cascade induces ANAC060 expression, but the truncated Col ANAC060 protein attenuates ABA induction and ABA signaling. This negative feedback from nuclear ANAC060 on ABA signaling results in sugar insensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoliang Shi
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Suli Chen
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rhonda C. Meyer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Sjef C. Smeekens
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sheng Teng
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Brosché M, Blomster T, Salojärvi J, Cui F, Sipari N, Leppälä J, Lamminmäki A, Tomai G, Narayanasamy S, Reddy RA, Keinänen M, Overmyer K, Kangasjärvi J. Transcriptomics and functional genomics of ROS-induced cell death regulation by RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004112. [PMID: 24550736 PMCID: PMC3923667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant responses to changes in environmental conditions are mediated by a network of signaling events leading to downstream responses, including changes in gene expression and activation of cell death programs. Arabidopsis thaliana RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1) has been proposed to regulate plant stress responses by protein-protein interactions with transcription factors. Furthermore, the rcd1 mutant has defective control of cell death in response to apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Combining transcriptomic and functional genomics approaches we first used microarray analysis in a time series to study changes in gene expression after apoplastic ROS treatment in rcd1. To identify a core set of cell death regulated genes, RCD1-regulated genes were clustered together with other array experiments from plants undergoing cell death or treated with various pathogens, plant hormones or other chemicals. Subsequently, selected rcd1 double mutants were constructed to further define the genetic requirements for the execution of apoplastic ROS induced cell death. Through the genetic analysis we identified WRKY70 and SGT1b as cell death regulators functioning downstream of RCD1 and show that quantitative rather than qualitative differences in gene expression related to cell death appeared to better explain the outcome. Allocation of plant energy to defenses diverts resources from growth. Recently, a plant response termed stress-induced morphogenic response (SIMR) was proposed to regulate the balance between defense and growth. Using a rcd1 double mutant collection we show that SIMR is mostly independent of the classical plant defense signaling pathways and that the redox balance is involved in development of SIMR. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are utilized in plants as signaling molecules to regulate development, stress responses and cell death. One extreme form of defense uses programmed cell death (PCD) in a scorched earth strategy to deliberately kill off cells invaded by a pathogen. Compared to animals, the regulation of plant PCD remains largely uncharacterized, particularly with regard to how ROS regulate changes in gene expression leading to PCD. Using comparative transcriptome analysis of mutants deficient in PCD regulation and publicly available cell death microarray data, we show that quantitative rather than qualitative differences in cell death gene expression appear to better explain the cell death response. In a genetic analysis with double mutants we also found the transcription factor WRKY70 and a component of ubiquitin mediated protein degradation, SGT1b, to be involved in regulation of ROS induced PCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Brosché
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- * E-mail:
| | - Tiina Blomster
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sipari
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Johanna Leppälä
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Airi Lamminmäki
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gloria Tomai
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shaman Narayanasamy
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ramesha A. Reddy
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kirk Overmyer
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rus Alvarez-Canterbury AM, Flores DJ, Keymanesh K, To K, Brusslan JA. A double SORLIP1 element is required for high light induction of ELIP genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 84:259-67. [PMID: 24072326 PMCID: PMC3889287 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Promoter elements that contribute to high light (HL) induction of the Arabidopsis ELIP1 gene were defined using a transgenic promoter-reporter system. Two adjacent SORLIP1 elements (double SORLIP1, dSL) were found to be essential for HL induction of a GUS reporter gene. The dSL element was also found to be essential for HL induction conferred by the ELIP2 promoter. SORLIP1 elements were enriched in ELIP promoters throughout the plant kingdom, and showed a clade-specific pattern of gain or loss that suggested functionality. In addition, two G-box elements were found to redundantly contribute to HL induction conferred by the ELIP1 promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Rus Alvarez-Canterbury
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840-9502 USA
| | - Daisy Janette Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840-9502 USA
- Present Address: Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Keykhosrow Keymanesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840-9502 USA
| | - Kevin To
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840-9502 USA
| | - Judy Ann Brusslan
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840-9502 USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vanlerberghe GC. Alternative oxidase: a mitochondrial respiratory pathway to maintain metabolic and signaling homeostasis during abiotic and biotic stress in plants. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6805-47. [PMID: 23531539 PMCID: PMC3645666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14046805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a non-energy conserving terminal oxidase in the plant mitochondrial electron transport chain. While respiratory carbon oxidation pathways, electron transport, and ATP turnover are tightly coupled processes, AOX provides a means to relax this coupling, thus providing a degree of metabolic homeostasis to carbon and energy metabolism. Beside their role in primary metabolism, plant mitochondria also act as "signaling organelles", able to influence processes such as nuclear gene expression. AOX activity can control the level of potential mitochondrial signaling molecules such as superoxide, nitric oxide and important redox couples. In this way, AOX also provides a degree of signaling homeostasis to the organelle. Evidence suggests that AOX function in metabolic and signaling homeostasis is particularly important during stress. These include abiotic stresses such as low temperature, drought, and nutrient deficiency, as well as biotic stresses such as bacterial infection. This review provides an introduction to the genetic and biochemical control of AOX respiration, as well as providing generalized examples of how AOX activity can provide metabolic and signaling homeostasis. This review also examines abiotic and biotic stresses in which AOX respiration has been critically evaluated, and considers the overall role of AOX in growth and stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kleine T, Leister D. Retrograde signals galore. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:45. [PMID: 23487593 PMCID: PMC3594843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
|