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Araus JL, Gascón M, Ros-Sabé E, Piqué R, Rezzouk FZ, Aguilera M, Voltas J, Peña-Chocarro L, Pérez-Jordà G, Terradas X, Palomo A, Ferrio JP, Antolín F. Isotope and morphometrical evidence reveals the technological package associated with agriculture adoption in western Europe. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401065121. [PMID: 39074289 PMCID: PMC11317590 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401065121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to reconstruct the environmental conditions and the crop management practices and plant characteristics when agriculture appeared in western Europe. We analyzed oak charcoal and a large number of cereal caryopsides recovered from La Draga (Girona, Spain), an early (5300 to 4800 cal. BC) agricultural site from the Iberian Peninsula. The carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) values of oak, the dominant forest species in the region, indicates prevalence of a wet climate at the site. Further, we reconstructed crop management conditions, achievable yield, and crop characteristics through the analysis of Δ13C, nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N), nitrogen content, and the reconstructed weight of wheat and barley caryopsides, following protocols developed by our team [Araus et al., Nat. Commun. 5, 3953 (2014)] and comparison of these parameters with present-day organic agriculture in the region. In parallel, a regional perspective was achieved through the study of wheat and barley grains of seventeen Neolithic sites from the western Mediterranean. The results suggest that rather than small-garden cultivation, a more extensive agriculture was practiced under good water availability and moderate manuring. Moreover, results from La Draga evidence that grain weight and spike morphology were comparable to contemporary cereals. Growing conditions and the prevalence of improved crop traits indicate that agriculture was fairly consolidated at the time it reached the western edge of Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Araus
- Section of Plant Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
- Centre of Research in Agrotechnology (AGROTECNIO), Lleida25198, Spain
| | - Mireia Gascón
- Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra08193, Spain
| | - Eva Ros-Sabé
- Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra08193, Spain
| | - Raquel Piqué
- Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra08193, Spain
| | - Fatima Z. Rezzouk
- Section of Plant Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
- Centre of Research in Agrotechnology (AGROTECNIO), Lleida25198, Spain
| | - Mònica Aguilera
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, Universitat de Lleida and Joint Research Unit Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia - Centre of Research in Agrotechnology (CTFC-AGROTECNIO), Lleida25198, Spain
| | - Jordi Voltas
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, Universitat de Lleida and Joint Research Unit Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia - Centre of Research in Agrotechnology (CTFC-AGROTECNIO), Lleida25198, Spain
| | - Leonor Peña-Chocarro
- Spanish National Research Council (Instituto de Historia - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, IH-CSIC), 28037Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillem Pérez-Jordà
- Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Historia Antiga, Universitat de València, Valncia46010, Spain
| | - Xavier Terradas
- Archaeology of Social Dynamics, Spanish National Research Council (Institución Milá y Fontanals de investigación en Humanidades - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, IMF-CSIC), Barcelona08001, Spain
| | - Antoni Palomo
- Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra08193, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Ferrio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Spanish National Research Council (Estación Experimental de Aula Dei - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza50059, Spain
| | - Ferran Antolín
- Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4055, Switzerland
- Natural Sciences Unit, Scientific Department, German Archaeological Institute, Berlin14195, Germany
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Alarcón Tinajero E, Reitsema LJ, Gómez-Valdés JA, Márquez Morfín L. Early Colonial Diet in El Japón, Xochimilco, Mexico: Examining dietary continuity through stable isotope analysis of bone collagen and bioapatite. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 184:e24933. [PMID: 38676665 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early colonial documents from central Mesoamerica detail raising and planting of European livestock and crops alongside native ones. The extent to which Indigenous people, especially of the rural commoner class, consumed newly introduced foods is less known. This gap in knowledge is addressed through stable isotope analysis and comparison to published archaeological botanical, human, and faunal data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stable isotope analysis of bone collagen and bioapatite is applied to 74 skeletal samples of Indigenous human remains representing Colonial period individuals from El Japón-a farming hamlet in the Xochimilco area-to provide insight into long-term individual dietary practices in the context of a rapidly transforming Mesoamerican world. RESULTS Carbon isotope ratios in collagen (δ13Ccollagen) average -8.10/00 VPDB (SD 0.55), while δ15N averages 8.90/00 AIR (SD 0.50). δ13Cbioapatite averages -2.90/00 VPDB (SD 0.60). Modest increase in carbon isotopic diversity is observed among more recent males from El Japón when compared to earlier males and females. DISCUSSION Based on the isotopic results, it is estimated that the individuals of El Japón consumed maize or other C4 plants as a central source of carbohydrates. Dietary protein was largely supplied through domestic maize-fed fauna but potentially supplemented by wild terrestrial and aquatic fauna and fowl. Similarity in skeletal isotopic composition between precontact Mesoamericans from other sites and El Japón individuals of both earlier and later stratigraphy is interpreted as continuity in local diets and foodways despite potentially available European alternatives. Colonial taxation demands on preexisting agricultural regimes may have incentivized maize production, thus indirectly contributing to the maize-centered aspect of local foodways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Alarcón Tinajero
- Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Applied Isotope Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Laurie J Reitsema
- Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jorge A Gómez-Valdés
- Posgrado en Antropología Física, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Márquez Morfín
- Posgrado en Antropología Física, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City, Mexico
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Janovský MP, Ferenczi L, Trubač J, Klír T. Stable isotope analysis in soil prospection reveals the type of historic land-use under contemporary temperate forests in Europe. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14746. [PMID: 38926400 PMCID: PMC11208554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The determination of δ13C and δ15N values is a common method in archaeological isotope analysis-in studying botanical and human remains, dietary practices, and less typically soils (to understand methods of agricultural cultivation, including fertilization). Stable isotope measurements are also commonly used in ecological studies to distinguish different ecosystems and to trace diachronic processes and biogeochemical mechanisms, however, the application of this method in geochemical prospection, for determining historic land-use impact, remains unexplored. The study at hand focuses on a deserted site of a Cistercian manor, dating from the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. Isotopic measurements of anthropogenically influenced soils have been compared to approximately 400 archaeobotanical, soil, and sediment samples collected globally. The results reveal the potential of isotope measurements in soil to study the impact of past land use as isotope measurements identify specific types of agricultural activities, distinguishing crop production or grazing. δ13C and δ15N ratios also likely reflect fertilization practices and-in this case-the results indicate the presence of cereal cultivation (C3 cycle plants) and fertilization and that the site of the medieval manor was primarily used for grain production rather than animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Janovský
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Nám. Jana Palacha 2, 116 38, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Laszlo Ferenczi
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Nám. Jana Palacha 2, 116 38, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jakub Trubač
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Klír
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Nám. Jana Palacha 2, 116 38, Prague, Czechia
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Formichella G, Soncin S, Lubritto C, Tafuri MA, Fernandes R, Cocozza C. Introducing Isotòpia: A stable isotope database for Classical Antiquity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293717. [PMID: 38829878 PMCID: PMC11146721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We present Isotòpia, an open-access database compiling over 36,000 stable isotope measurements (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, δ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/206Pb, and 208Pb/206Pb) on human, animal, and plant bioarchaeological remains dating to Classical Antiquity (approximately 800 BCE - 500 CE). These were recovered from different European regions, particularly from the Mediterranean. Isotòpia provides a comprehensive characterisation of the isotopic data, encompassing various historical, archaeological, biological, and environmental variables. Isotòpia is a resource for meta-analytical research of past human activities and paleoenvironments. The database highlights data gaps in isotopic classical archaeology, such as the limited number of isotopic measurements available for plants and animals, limited number of studies on spatial mobility, and spatial heterogeneity of isotopic research. As such, we emphasise the necessity to address and fill these gaps in order to unlock the reuse potential of this database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Formichella
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale and Mediterranean bioArchaeological Research Advances (MAReA) Centre, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Soncin
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale and Mediterranean bioArchaeological Research Advances (MAReA) Centre, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Carmine Lubritto
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF) and Mediterranean bioArchaeological Research Advances (MAReA) Centre, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Mary Anne Tafuri
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale and Mediterranean bioArchaeological Research Advances (MAReA) Centre, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Arne Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno-střed, Czech Republic
- Climate Change and History Research Initiative, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Carlo Cocozza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF) and Mediterranean bioArchaeological Research Advances (MAReA) Centre, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
- ArchaeoBioCenter (ABC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
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Guiry E, Kennedy R, Orton D, Armitage P, Bratten J, Dagneau C, Dawdy S, deFrance S, Gaulton B, Givens D, Hall O, Laberge A, Lavin M, Miller H, Minkoff MF, Niculescu T, Noël S, Pavao-Zuckerman B, Stricker L, Teeter M, Welker M, Wilkoski J, Szpak P, Buckley M. The ratting of North America: A 350-year retrospective on Rattus species compositions and competition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm6755. [PMID: 38569028 PMCID: PMC10990262 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm6755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
While the impacts of black (Rattus rattus) and brown (Rattus norvegicus) rats on human society are well documented-including the spread of disease, broad-scale environmental destruction, and billions spent annually on animal control-little is known about their ecology and behavior in urban areas due to the challenges of studying animals in city environments. We use isotopic and ZooMS analysis of archaeological (1550s-1900 CE) rat remains from eastern North America to provide a large-scale framework for species arrival, interspecific competition, and dietary ecology. Brown rats arrived earlier than expected and rapidly outcompeted black rats in coastal urban areas. This replacement happened despite evidence that the two species occupy different trophic positions. Findings include the earliest molecularly confirmed brown rat in the Americas and show a deep ecological structure to how rats exploit human-structured areas, with implications for understanding urban zoonosis, rat management, and ecosystem planning as well as broader themes of rat dispersal, phylogeny, evolutionary ecology, and climate impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Guiry
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Dr., Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
- School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Mayor’s Walk, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Ryan Kennedy
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University Bloomington, 701 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - David Orton
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Philip Armitage
- Independent researcher, 7 Park Court, Heath Road, Brixham TQ5 9AX, UK
| | - John Bratten
- Department of Anthropology, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Charles Dagneau
- Underwater Archaeology Team, Parks Canada, 1800 Walkley, Ottawa, ON K1H8K3, Canada
| | - Shannon Dawdy
- Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago, 1126 E 59th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Susan deFrance
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Barry Gaulton
- Department of Archaeology, Memorial University, Queen's College, 210 Prince Philip Dr., St. John's, NL A1B 3R6, Canada
| | - David Givens
- Jamestown Rediscovery/Preservation Virginia, 1365 Colonial Parkway, Jamestown, VA 23081, USA
| | - Olivia Hall
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Dr., Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Anne Laberge
- Département des sciences historiques, Université Laval, 1030 avenue des Sciences-Humaines, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michael Lavin
- Jamestown Rediscovery/Preservation Virginia, 1365 Colonial Parkway, Jamestown, VA 23081, USA
| | - Henry Miller
- Historic St. Mary's City, St. Mary's City, MD 20686, USA
| | - Mary F. Minkoff
- Florida Public Archaeology Network, 207 E Main St., Pensacola, FL 32502, USA
| | - Tatiana Niculescu
- Office of Historic Alexandria/Alexandria Archaeology, 105 North Union Street, #327, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA
| | - Stéphane Noël
- Ville de Quebec, Bureau de projet du tramway de Québec, 226-825 boul. Lebourgneuf, Québec, QC G2J 0B9, Canada
| | - Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman
- Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, 4302 Chapel Lane, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Leah Stricker
- Jamestown Rediscovery/Preservation Virginia, 1365 Colonial Parkway, Jamestown, VA 23081, USA
| | - Matt Teeter
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Dr., Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Martin Welker
- Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, 1013 E University Blvd. Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, 1009 E South Campus Dr., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jennifer Wilkoski
- Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 401 W Duke of Gloucester St, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
| | - Paul Szpak
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Dr., Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Michael Buckley
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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Selva N, Hobson KA, Zalewski A, Cortés-Avizanda A, Donázar JA. Mammal communities of primeval forests as sentinels of global change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17045. [PMID: 38014477 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the drivers and consequences of global environmental change is crucial to inform predictions of effects on ecosystems. We used the mammal community of Białowieża Forest, the last lowland near-primeval forest in temperate Europe, as a sentinel of global change. We analyzed changes in stable carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) isotope values of hair in 687 specimens from 50 mammal species across seven decades (1946-2011). We classified mammals into four taxonomic-dietary groups (herbivores, carnivores, insectivores, and bats). We found a significant negative trend in hair δ15 N for the mammal community, particularly strong for herbivores. This trend is consistent with temporal patterns in nitrogen deposition from (15 N depleted) industrial fertilizers and fossil fuel emissions. It is also in line with global-scale declines in δ15 N reported in forests and other unfertilized, non-urban terrestrial ecosystems and with local decreases in N foliar concentrations. The global depletion of 13 C content in atmospheric CO2 due to fossil fuel burning (Suess effect) was detected in all groups. After correcting for this effect, the hair δ13 C trend became non-significant for both community and groups, except for bats, which showed a strong decline in δ13 C. This could be related to an increase in the relative abundance of freshwater insects taken by bats or increased use of methane-derived carbon in food webs used by bats. This work is the first broad-scale and long-term mammal isotope ecology study in a near-primeval forest in temperate Europe. Mammal communities from natural forests represent a unique benchmark in global change research; investigating their isotopic temporal variation can help identify patterns and early detections of ecosystem changes and provide more comprehensive and integrative assessments than single species approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Selva
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
- Departamento de Ciencias Integradas, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Física, Matemáticas y Computación, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Keith A Hobson
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Andrzej Zalewski
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Ainara Cortés-Avizanda
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Antonio Donázar
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
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Quinn O, Kumar M, Turner S. The role of lipid-modified proteins in cell wall synthesis and signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:51-66. [PMID: 37682865 PMCID: PMC10756762 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is a complex and dynamic extracellular matrix. Plant primary cell walls are the first line of defense against pathogens and regulate cell expansion. Specialized cells deposit a secondary cell wall that provides support and permits water transport. The composition and organization of the cell wall varies between cell types and species, contributing to the extensibility, stiffness, and hydrophobicity required for its proper function. Recently, many of the proteins involved in the biosynthesis, maintenance, and remodeling of the cell wall have been identified as being post-translationally modified with lipids. These modifications exhibit diverse structures and attach to proteins at different sites, which defines the specific role played by each lipid modification. The introduction of relatively hydrophobic lipid moieties promotes the interaction of proteins with membranes and can act as sorting signals, allowing targeted delivery to the plasma membrane regions and secretion into the apoplast. Disruption of lipid modification results in aberrant deposition of cell wall components and defective cell wall remodeling in response to stresses, demonstrating the essential nature of these modifications. Although much is known about which proteins bear lipid modifications, many questions remain regarding the contribution of lipid-driven membrane domain localization and lipid heterogeneity to protein function in cell wall metabolism. In this update, we highlight the contribution of lipid modifications to proteins involved in the formation and maintenance of plant cell walls, with a focus on the addition of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, N-myristoylation, prenylation, and S-acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Quinn
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon Turner
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Abstract
The measurement of naturally occurring stable isotope ratios of the light elements (C, N, H, O, S) in animal tissues and associated organic and inorganic fractions of associated environments holds immense potential as a means of addressing effects of global change on animals. This paper provides a brief review of studies that have used the isotope approach to evaluate changes in diet, isotopic niche, contaminant burden, reproductive and nutritional investment, invasive species and shifts in migration origin or destination with clear links to evaluating effects of global change. This field has now reached a level of maturity that is impressive but generally underappreciated and involves technical as well as statistical advances and access to freely available R-based packages. There is a need for animal ecologists and conservationists to design tissue collection networks that will best answer current and anticipated questions related to the global change and the biodiversity crisis. These developments will move the field of stable isotope ecology toward a more hypothesis driven discipline related to rapidly changing global events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Hobson
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X4, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Icaro I, Alemán I, Viciano J. Stable Isotopes Unveil Dietary Trends in the Samnite and Peligni Communities of Opi Val Fondillo and Sulmona S. Lucia (V-VI Centuries BCE, Abruzzo, Central Italy). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1382. [PMID: 37997981 PMCID: PMC10669869 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to gain insights into the subsistence activities and nutrition of the Samnite and Peligni populations who lived in the Abruzzo region (Italy) during the Iron Age. The samples under investigation are from Opi Val Fondillo (AQ) and Sulmona S. Lucia (AQ), dating between the Vth and VIth centuries BCE. Carbon and nitrogen isotopes were utilized to characterize the diet of the inhabitants in this region. The study involved analyzing carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in 84 available samples and comparing them with isotopic values from animals found in the nearby sites of Loreto Aprutino, Gabii, and La Sassa's Cave. The results of this study revealed statistically significant differences between sexes in δ15N values. Additionally, significant statistical variations were observed when comparing different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Icaro
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Inmaculada Alemán
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Joan Viciano
- Independent Researcher in Physical Anthropology, Via Fiume 4, 65122 Pescara, Italy;
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Bieluczyk W, Asselta FO, Navroski D, Gontijo JB, Venturini AM, Mendes LW, Simon CP, Camargo PBD, Tadini AM, Martin-Neto L, Bendassolli JA, Rodrigues RR, van der Putten WH, Tsai SM. Linking above and belowground carbon sequestration, soil organic matter properties, and soil health in Brazilian Atlantic Forest restoration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118573. [PMID: 37459811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Forest restoration mitigates climate change by removing CO2 and storing C in terrestrial ecosystems. However, incomplete information on C storage in restored tropical forests often fails to capture the ecosystem's holistic C dynamics. This study provides an integrated assessment of C storage in above to belowground subsystems, its consequences for greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, and the quantity, quality, and origin of soil organic matter (SOM) in restored Atlantic forests in Brazil. Relations between SOM properties and soil health indicators were also explored. We examined two restorations using tree planting ('active restoration'): an 8-year-old forest with green manure and native trees planted in two rounds, and a 15-year-old forest with native-planted trees in one round without green manure. Restorations were compared to reformed pasture and primary forest sites. We measured C storage in soil layers (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm), litter, and plants. GHG emissions were assessed using CH4 and CO2 fluxes. SOM quantity was evaluated using C and N, quality using humification index (HLIFS), and origin using δ13C and δ15N. Nine soil health indicators were interrelated with SOM attributes. The primary forest presented the highest C stocks (107.7 Mg C ha-1), followed by 15- and 8-year-old restorations and pasture with 69.8, 55.5, and 41.8 Mg C ha-1, respectively. Soil C stocks from restorations and pasture were 20% lower than primary forest. However, 8- and 15-year-old restorations stored 12.3 and 28.3 Mg ha-1 more aboveground C than pasture. The younger forest had δ13C and δ15N values of 2.1 and 1.7‰, respectively, lower than the 15-year-old forest, indicating more C derived from C3 plants and biological N fixation. Both restorations and pasture had at least 34% higher HLIFS in deeper soil layers (10-30 cm) than primary forest, indicating a lack of labile SOM. Native and 15-year-old forests exhibited higher soil methane influx (141.1 and 61.9 μg m-2 h-1). Forests outperformed pasture in most soil health indicators, with 69% of their variance explained by SOM properties. However, SOM quantity and quality regeneration in both restorations approached the pristine forest state only in the top 10 cm layer, while deeper soil retained agricultural degradation legacies. In conclusion, active restoration of the Atlantic Forest is a superior approach compared to pasture reform for GHG mitigation. Nonetheless, the development of restoration techniques to facilitate labile C input into deeper soil layers (>10 cm) is needed to further improve soil multifunctionality and long-term C storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderlei Bieluczyk
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil; University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Isotopic Ecology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Ometto Asselta
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - Deisi Navroski
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Brandão Gontijo
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Monteiro Venturini
- Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Lucas William Mendes
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - Carla Penha Simon
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Isotopic Ecology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - Plínio Barbosa de Camargo
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Isotopic Ecology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Maria Tadini
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Instrumentation, 1452 XV de Novembro Street, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Ladislau Martin-Neto
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Instrumentation, 1452 XV de Novembro Street, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - José Albertino Bendassolli
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Stable Isotope Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues
- University of São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration, 11 Pádua Dias Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, 6708, PB, Wageningen, Netherlands; Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8123, 6700, ES, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Siu Mui Tsai
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
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11
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Britton K, Jimenez EL, Le Corre M, Renou S, Rendu W, Richards MP, Hublin JJ, Soressi M. Multi-isotope analysis of bone collagen of Late Pleistocene ungulates reveals niche partitioning and behavioural plasticity of reindeer during MIS 3. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15722. [PMID: 37735582 PMCID: PMC10514192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we present stable carbon, nitrogen and sulfur isotope ratios of collagen extracted from Rangifer, Equus and Bison bone (n = 128) from different stratigraphic levels at the chronologically well-constrained Middle and Upper Palaeolithic site of Les Cottés, France. Samples were taken from five phases of site use (US08, US06, US04 [upper and lower], and US02; ~ 45.8-35.3 ka cal BP) to explore the dietary and spatial palaeoecology of these ungulate species during MIS 3, and the contemporary climate. Temporal trends in δ15N values of all species broadly align with other climatic indicators at the site and the lowest values in US04 correspond to the Heinrich 4 cooling event, reflecting changes in the composition of soil/plant nitrogen at this time. Rangifer collagen is 13C-enriched compared to the other species throughout, consistent with lichen consumption. However, this isotopic niche partitioning between Rangifer and Equus/Bison is most extensive during US04, indicating plasticity in reindeer feeding behaviour, and potentially overall increased lichen biomass during this cooler/more arid phase. Rangifer δ34S values are consistently lower than Equus and Bison, which could be indicative of their more extensive spatial ranges incorporating greater inland areas. Equus and Bison demonstrate a significant decrease in δ34S values through time, which may be linked to contemporary climatic decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Britton
- Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, UK.
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Elodie-Laure Jimenez
- Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, UK
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 Vautier Street, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mael Le Corre
- Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, UK
| | - Sylvain Renou
- Hadès Archéologie, Agence Atlantique, 33100, Bordeaux, France
- PACEA, UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), 33400, Pessac, France
| | - William Rendu
- ZooSCAn (IRL 2013) CNRS - IAET SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institut Français des études sur l'Asie Centrale (IFEAC) - UAR 3140 (CNRS-MEAE), Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Michael P Richards
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Collège de France, 11, Place Marcelin Berthelot, 74005, Paris, France
| | - Marie Soressi
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Gauthier K, Pankovic D, Nikolic M, Hobert M, Germeier CU, Ordon F, Perovic D, Niehl A. Nutrients and soil structure influence furovirus infection of wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1200674. [PMID: 37600210 PMCID: PMC10436314 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1200674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) and Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV), genus Furovirus, family Virgaviridae, cause significant crop losses in cereals. The viruses are transmitted by the soil-borne plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis. Inside P. graminis resting spores, the viruses persist in the soil for long time, which makes the disease difficult to combat. To open up novel possibilities for virus control, we explored the influence of physical and chemical soil properties on infection of wheat with SBWMV and SBCMV. Moreover, we investigated, whether infection rates are influenced by the nutritional state of the plants. Infection rates of susceptible wheat lines were correlated to soil structure parameters and nutrient contents in soil and plants. Our results show that SBWMV and SBCMV infection rates decrease the more water-impermeable the soil is and that virus transmission depends on pH. Moreover, we found that contents of several nutrients in the soil (e.g. phosphorous, magnesium, zinc) and in planta (e.g. nitrogen, carbon, boron, sulfur, calcium) affect SBWMV and SBCMV infection rates. The knowledge generated may help paving the way towards development of a microenvironment-adapted agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Gauthier
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Dejana Pankovic
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Miroslav Nikolic
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirko Hobert
- State Institute for Agriculture and Horticulture Saxony-Anhalt, Centre for Agricultural Investigations, Bernburg, Germany
| | - Christoph U. Germeier
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Frank Ordon
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Dragan Perovic
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Annette Niehl
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Brunswick, Germany
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13
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Hobson KA, Kardynal KJ. Multi-isotope (δ 2H, δ 13C, δ 15N) feather profiles and morphometrics inform patterns of migratory connectivity in three species of North American swallows. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:48. [PMID: 37528460 PMCID: PMC10391972 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Aerial insectivorous birds have suffered steep population declines in North America over the last 60 years. A lack of information on migratory connectivity between breeding and non-breeding grounds for these species limits our ability to interpret factors affecting their population-specific trends. We determined likely Latin American non-breeding regions of Bank (Riparia riparia), Barn (Hirundo rustica) and Cliff (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) swallow from populations across their breeding ranges. We used predicted feather hydrogen (δ2Hf) and carbon (δ13Cf) isoscapes for winter-grown feathers to indicate areas of highest probability of moult origin and incorporated these results into a cluster analysis to determine likely broad non-breeding regions. We also assessed variation in wing length among populations to determine the potential for this metric to differentiate population moult origins. We then investigated patterns of multi-isotopic (δ2Hf, δ13Cf, δ15Nf) and wing-length niche occupancy by quantifying niche size and overlap among populations under the assumption that broad niches were consistent with low within-species migratory connectivity and narrow and non-overlapping niches with higher connectivity. Multivariate assignment identified different non-breeding regions and potential clusters of moult origin generally corresponding to Central America and northern South America, eastern and south-central South America, and the western and southern part of that continent, with variation within and among populations and species. Separate niche space indicated different wintering habitat or areas used by species or populations whereas niche overlap indicated only potential spatial similarity. Wing length varied significantly among populations by species, being longer in the west and north for Bank and Cliff Swallow and longer in eastern Canadian Barn Swallow populations. Barn Swallow occupied consistently larger isotopic and wing length niche space than the other species. Comparisons among populations across species showed variable isotopic and wing-length niche overlap generally being greater within breeding regions and lower between western and eastern breeding populations supporting a general North American continental divide for all species with generally low migratory connectivity for all species. We present a novel approach to assessing connectivity using inexpensive and broad isotopic approaches that provides the basis for hypothesis testing using more spatially explicit expensive techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Hobson
- Wildlife and Landscape Research Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Kevin J Kardynal
- Wildlife and Landscape Research Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
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14
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Poschenrieder C, Scalenghe R. The unseen world beneath our feet: Heliyon soil science. Exploring the cutting-edge techniques and ambitious goals of modern soil science. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18778. [PMID: 37701409 PMCID: PMC10493421 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the face of climate change, ecosystem destruction, desertification, and increasing food demand, soil conservation is crucial for ensuring the sustainability of life on Earth. The Soil Section of Heliyon aims to be a platform for basic and applied soil science research, emphasizing the central role of soils and their interactions with human activities. This editorial highlights recent research trends in soil science, including the evolving definition of soil, the multifunctionality of soils and their biodiversity, soil degradation and erosion, the role of soil microflora, advancements in soil mapping techniques, global change and the carbon cycle, soil health, the relationship between soil and buildings, and the importance of considering soil quality in land use planning and policies. The Heliyon Soil Science section seeks to publish scientifically accurate and valuable research that explores the diverse functions of soil and their significance in sustainable land-use systems.
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15
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A Bayesian multi-proxy contribution to the socioeconomic, political, and cultural history of late medieval Capitanata (southern Italy). Sci Rep 2023; 13:4078. [PMID: 36906701 PMCID: PMC10008551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Medieval southern Italy is typically viewed as a region where political, religious, and cultural systems coexisted and clashed. Written sources often focus on elites and give an image of a hierarchical feudal society supported by a farming economy. We undertook an interdisciplinary study combining historical and archaeological evidence with Bayesian modelling of multi-isotope data from human (n = 134) and faunal (n = 21) skeletal remains to inform on the socioeconomic organisation, cultural practices, and demographics of medieval communities in Capitanata (southern Italy). Isotopic results show significant dietary differences within local populations supportive of marked socioeconomic hierarchies. Bayesian dietary modelling suggested that cereal production, followed by animal management practices, was the economic basis of the region. However, minor consumption of marine fish, potentially associated with Christian practices, revealed intra-regional trade. At the site of Tertiveri, isotope-based clustering and Bayesian spatial modelling identified migrant individuals likely from the Alpine region plus one Muslim individual from the Mediterranean coastline. Our results align with the prevailing image of Medieval southern Italy but they also showcase how Bayesian methods and multi-isotope data can be used to directly inform on the history of local communities and of the legacy that these left.
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16
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Neil S, Evans J, Montgomery J, Schulting R, Scarre C. Provenancing antiquarian museum collections using multi-isotope analysis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:220798. [PMID: 36778953 PMCID: PMC9905999 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many of the most significant archaeological sites in Europe were excavated by antiquarians over one hundred years ago. Modern museum collections therefore frequently contain human remains that were recovered during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Here we apply multi-isotope analysis (87Sr/86Sr, δ 18O, δ 13C, δ 15N) and 14C dating to evaluate the provenance of human remains within a collection that is thought to have been recovered from one of the most important archaeological sites in Britain. Excavated in 1910, the site of Coldrum in Kent is a megalithic burial monument that may be one of the earliest sites associated with the transition to farming in Britain. The interpretation of this site is therefore key to understanding how agriculture began. Using isotope analysis we show that although the human skeletal collections attributed to Coldrum do contain some of the earliest dated Neolithic human remains in Britain, they also contain the remains of individuals of fifth to seventh centuries AD date. We evaluate subsistence and mobility patterns of early Neolithic populations and provide new information about the origins of those individuals in the collection that date to the fifth to seventh centuries AD. We demonstrate the utility of employing isotope analysis to provide direct and independent information about the provenance of human remains in museum collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Neil
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 ETG, UK
| | - Jane Evans
- National Environmental Isotope Facility, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | | | - Rick Schulting
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 ETG, UK
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17
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Wehi PM, Rogers KM, Jowett T, Sabadel AJM. Interpreting past trophic ecology of a threatened alpine parrot, kea Nestor notabilis, from museum specimens. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:273-284. [PMID: 35569094 PMCID: PMC10083992 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
When ecosystems are under severe pressure or environments change, trophic position and intraspecific niche width may decrease or narrow, signalling that conservation action is required. In New Zealand, alpine and subalpine ecosystems have been extensively modified through farming since 19th-century European settlement, with consequences for indigenous species such as the kea Nestor notabilis. We investigated feather stable isotope values in the kea and predicted a lower trophic position in modern kea populations, to reflect reduced lowland habitat and a mixed diet with more plant material. We predicted that size and sex would influence trophic values in this sexually dimorphic species, with larger birds more likely to have a high protein diet. We examined potential dietary changes in 68 museum collected kea from 1880s to 2000s, first recording accession details including provenance and sex and measuring culmen length. We used bulk carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses (BSIAs) of feathers and a further feather subset using compound-specific stable isotope analyses of amino acids (CSIA-AA) to obtain isotopic values and estimate trophic position. BSIA showed δ15 N values in kea feathers declined through time and could indicate that early century kea were highly omnivorous, with δ15 N values on average higher than in modern kea. Variance in δ15 N values was greater after 1950, driven by a few individuals. Few differences between males and females were evident, although females in the south region had lower δ15 N values. There was a tendency for large male birds to have higher trophic values, perhaps reflecting dominant male bird behaviour noted in historical records. Nonetheless, CSIA-AA performed on a subset of the data suggested that variation in BSIA is likely due to baseline changes rather than relative trophic position which may be more homogenous than these data indicate. Although there was more variability in modern kea, we suggest caution in interpretation. Stable isotope data, particularly CSIA-AA, from museum specimens can reveal potential change in ecological networks as well as sexually dimorphic feeding patterns within species. The data can reveal temporal and regional variation in species trophic position and changes in ecosystem integrity to inform conservation decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla M Wehi
- Centre for Sustainability (CSAFE), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Te Pūnaha Matatini Centre of Research Excellence in Complex Systems, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karyne M Rogers
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.,Institute of Quality Safety and Nutrition of Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tim Jowett
- Department of Maths and Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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18
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Tracking the British agricultural revolution through the isotopic analysis of dated parchment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:61. [PMID: 36624123 PMCID: PMC9829728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Between the sixteenth and nineteenth century, British agriculture underwent a 'revolutionary' transformation. Yet despite over a century of research and the recognised centrality of agricultural developments to industrialisation and population growth, the character or chronology of any 'revolution' during this period remains contentious. Enquiry has been hampered by the fragmented and locally specific nature of historic accounts and the broad dating of early-modern zooarchaeological assemblages. To address this, we conducted stable isotope analysis on 658 legal documents written on sheepskin parchment; a unique biological resource that records the day, month and year of use (AD 1499 to 1969). We find these provide a high temporal resolution analysis of changing agricultural practices and episodes of disease. Most significantly, they suggest that if an 'Agricultural Revolution' occurred in livestock management, it did so from the mid-nineteenth century, in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars.
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19
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Britton K, Jimenez EL, Le Corre M, Pederzani S, Daujeard C, Jaouen K, Vettese D, Tütken T, Hublin JJ, Moncel MH. Multi-isotope zooarchaeological investigations at Abri du Maras: The paleoecological and paleoenvironmental context of Neanderthal subsistence strategies in the Rhône Valley during MIS 3. J Hum Evol 2023; 174:103292. [PMID: 36455403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The exploitation of mid- and large-sized herbivores (ungulates) was central to hominin subsistence across Late Pleistocene Europe. Reconstructing the paleoecology of prey-taxa is key to better understanding procurement strategies, decisions and behaviors, and the isotope analysis of faunal bones and teeth found at archaeological sites represent a powerful means of accessing information about past faunal behaviors. These isotope zooarchaeological approaches also have a near-unique ability to reveal environmental conditions contemporary to the human activities that produced these remains. Here, we present the results of a multi-isotope, multitissue study of ungulate remains from the Middle Paleolithic site of Abri du Maras, southern France, providing new insights into the living landscapes of the Rhône Valley during MIS 3 (level 4.2 = 55 ± 2 to 42 ± 3 ka; level 4.1 = 46 ± 3 to 40 ± 3 ka). Isotope data (carbon, nitrogen) reveal the dietary niches of different ungulate taxa, including the now-extinct giant deer (Megaloceros). Oxygen isotope data are consistent with a mild seasonal climate during level 4.2, where horse (Equus), bison (Bison), and red deer (Cervus elaphus) were exploited year-round. Strontium and sulfur isotope analyses provide new evidence for behavioral plasticity in Late Pleistocene European reindeer (Rangifer) between level 4.2 and level 4.1, indicating a change from the migratory to the sedentary ecotype. In level 4.1, the strong seasonal nature of reindeer exploitation, combined with their nonmigratory behavior, is consistent with a seasonally restricted use of the site by Neanderthals at that time or the preferential hunting of reindeer when in peak physical condition during the autumn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Britton
- Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, United Kingdom; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Elodie-Laure Jimenez
- Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, United Kingdom; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 Vautier Street, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mael Le Corre
- Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Pederzani
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Camille Daujeard
- UMR 7194, Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique (HNHP), CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Département Homme et Environnement, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 Rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Klervia Jaouen
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, UMR 5563, CNRS, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Vettese
- UMR 7194, Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique (HNHP), CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Département Homme et Environnement, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 Rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, France; Universita degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento degli Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Grupo de I+D+i EVOADAPTA (Evolución Humana y Adaptaciones Económicas y Ecológicas durante La Prehistoria), Dpto. Ciencias Históricas, Universidad de Cantabria, Av/Los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Thomas Tütken
- Arbeitsgruppe für Angewandte und Analytische Paläontologie, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.-J. Becherweg 21, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Collège de France, 11, Place Marcelin Berthelot, 74005 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Moncel
- UMR 7194, Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique (HNHP), CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Département Homme et Environnement, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 Rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, France
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Patalano R, Hu J, Leng Q, Liu W, Wang H, Roberts P, Storozum M, Yang L, Yang H. Ancient Great Wall building materials reveal environmental changes associated with oases in northwestern China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22517. [PMID: 36581698 PMCID: PMC9800585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant materials used in the construction of segments and beacon towers of the ancient Great Wall in northwestern China contain untapped potential for revealing local paleoclimatic and environmental conditions. For the first time, we characterize the molecular preservation and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of AMS-dated common reeds (Phragmites) collected from ancient Great Wall fascines in today's Gansu and Xinjiang using a combination of chromatographic techniques and isotope analyses. Our molecular data, along with Scanning Electron Microscopy, demonstrate excellent preservation of these ancient reeds, which were harvested from nearby habitats during periods of significant expansion of Imperial China when climate conditions sustained sizeable oases in the region. Stable isotope data capture differential rates of environmental change along the eastern margin of the Tarim Basin since the Han Dynasty (170 BC), implying that significant surface-water hydrological changes occurred only after the Song Dynasty (1160 AD) due to regional climate change. This study reveals the wealth of environmental and climate information obtainable from these site-specific organic building materials and establishes the foundation for further applications of advanced molecular, biochemical, and isotopic technologies to study these common and widely-distributed organic archaeological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Patalano
- grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany ,grid.411805.90000 0004 0464 7119Laboratory for Terrestrial Environments, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Bryant University, Smithfield, 02917 USA
| | - Jing Hu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Qin Leng
- grid.411805.90000 0004 0464 7119Laboratory for Terrestrial Environments, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Bryant University, Smithfield, 02917 USA
| | - Weiguo Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, 710061 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China ,grid.458457.f0000 0004 1792 8067CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Huanye Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, 710061 China ,grid.458457.f0000 0004 1792 8067CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Patrick Roberts
- grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany ,grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091IsoTROPIC Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ,grid.11134.360000 0004 0636 6193Archaeological Studies Program, University of Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Michael Storozum
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212School of History, Classics and Archaeology, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England UK
| | - Lin Yang
- grid.500608.b0000 0004 0386 7291National Museum of China, Beijing, 100006 China
| | - Hong Yang
- grid.411805.90000 0004 0464 7119Laboratory for Terrestrial Environments, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Bryant University, Smithfield, 02917 USA
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21
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Aguraiuja-Lätti Ü, Tõrv M, Sayle KL, Lõugas L, Rannamäe E, Ehrlich F, Nuut S, Peeters T, Oras E, Kriiska A. Multi-isotopic analysis of zooarchaeological material from Estonia (ca. 200-1800 CE): Variation among food webs and geographical regions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279583. [PMID: 36574368 PMCID: PMC9794088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To better comprehend the dietary practices of past populations in the Eastern Baltic region we have created temporally and geographically restricted baselines for the time period of 200-1800 CE. In this multi-isotopic analysis, we report new δ13C, δ15N and δ34S values for 251 faunal bone collagen samples from various archaeological contexts in Estonia representing the most comprehensive set of Iron Age, Medieval and Early Modern Period faunal stable isotope values to date. The results map out the local carbon and nitrogen baselines and define isotopic ranges of local terrestrial, avian and aquatic fauna. We also demonstrate the potential application of sulfur stable isotope analysis in archaeological research. The results demonstrate a clear distinction between δ13C and δ34S values of marine and terrestrial species, however, freshwater fish display notable overlaps with both marine and terrestrial ranges for both δ13C and δ34S values. Herbivores show variation in δ34S values when grouped by region, explained by differences in the local biotopes. This study is the first attempt to connect the Eastern Baltic isotopic baselines and provides more detailed temporal and geographical references to study the local ecologies and interpret the human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülle Aguraiuja-Lätti
- Archaeological Research Collection, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mari Tõrv
- Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kerry L. Sayle
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lembi Lõugas
- Archaeological Research Collection, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Eve Rannamäe
- Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Freydis Ehrlich
- Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sander Nuut
- Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Taavi Peeters
- Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ester Oras
- Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aivar Kriiska
- Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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22
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Dong Y, Bi X, Wu R, Belfield EJ, Harberd NP, Christensen BT, Charles M, Bogaard A. The potential of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of foxtail and broomcorn millets for investigating ancient farming systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1018312. [PMID: 36340416 PMCID: PMC9627502 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1018312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail and broomcorn millets are the most important crops in northern China since the early Neolithic. However, little evidence is available on how people managed these two crops in the past, especially in prehistory. Previous research on major C3 crops in western Eurasia demonstrated the potential of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of charred archaeobotanical remains to reveal the management of water and manure, respectively. Here, we evaluate the feasibility of a similar approach to C4 millets. Foxtail and broomcorn millet plants grown in pots in a greenhouse under different manuring and watering regimes were analysed to test the effects of management on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of grains. Stable nitrogen isotope values of both millets increased as manuring level increased, ranging from 1.7 ‰ to 5.8 ‰ in different conditions; hence, it appears a feasible tool to identify manuring practices, in agreement with results from recent field studies. However, the two millets exhibit opposing trends in stable carbon isotope values as watering level increased. The shift in stable carbon isotope values of millets is also smaller than that observed in wheat grown in the same experimental environment, making it difficult to identify millet water status archaeologically. In addition, we charred millet grains at different temperatures and for varying durations to replicate macro-botanical remains recovered archaeologically, and to evaluate the offsets in carbon and nitrogen isotope values induced by charring. We found that the stable nitrogen isotope values of foxtail millet and broomcorn millet can shift up to 1-2 ‰ when charred, while the stable carbon isotope values change less than 0.3 ‰. Overall, we demonstrate that stable nitrogen isotope values of charred foxtail and broomcorn millet seeds could provide insight into past field management practices, and both carbon and nitrogen isotope values can together inform palaeodietary reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoguang Bi
- Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rubi Wu
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eric J. Belfield
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mike Charles
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Bogaard
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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23
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Tian D, Sun Y, Ritchey MM, Xi T, Ren M, Ma J, Wang J, Zhao Z, Ling X, Liu X. Varying cultivation strategies in eastern Tianshan corresponded to growing pastoral lifeways between 1300 BCE and 300 CE. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.966366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study combines plant stable isotope and archaeobotanical analyses to explore how ancient pastoral communities in varying landscapes of eastern Tianshan managed their barley fields. The question is less archaeologically investigated, as recent discussions have focused on pastoral and nomadic activities. Results show that diversified cultivation strategies were employed in barley cultivation at different locations in eastern Tianshan. We also observed a diachronic transition toward less labour-intensive crop management corresponding to a growing pastoral lifeway from the late Bronze Age (1300–800 BCE) to historical periods (400 BCE–300 CE). These results inform us about the mechanism by which southwest Asian originated domesticates were adapted to the Inner Asian environments in the context of the early food globalisation.
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24
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McCall A, Gamarra B, Carlson KSD, Bernert Z, Cséki A, Csengeri P, Domboróczki L, Endrődi A, Hellebrandt M, Horváth A, Király Á, Kiss K, Koós J, Kovács P, Köhler K, Szolnoki L, Zoffmann ZK, Sirak K, Szeniczey T, Dani J, Hajdu T, Pinhasi R. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes identify nuanced dietary changes from the Bronze and Iron Ages on the Great Hungarian Plain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16982. [PMID: 36217009 PMCID: PMC9550812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Great Hungarian Plain (GHP) served as a geographic funnel for population mobility throughout prehistory. Genomic and isotopic research demonstrates non-linear genetic turnover and technological shifts between the Copper and Iron Ages of the GHP, which influenced the dietary strategies of numerous cultures that intermixed and overlapped through time. Given the complexities of these prehistoric cultural and demographic processes, this study aims to identify and elucidate diachronic and culture-specific dietary signatures. We report on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from 74 individuals from nineteen sites in the GHP dating to a ~ 3000-year time span between the Early Bronze and Early Iron Ages. The samples broadly indicate a terrestrial C3 diet with nuanced differences amongst populations and through time, suggesting exogenous influences that manifested in subsistence strategies. Slightly elevated δ15N values for Bronze Age samples imply higher reliance on protein than in the Iron Age. Interestingly, the Füzesabony have carbon values typical of C4 vegetation indicating millet consumption, or that of a grain with comparable δ13C ratios, which corroborates evidence from outside the GHP for its early cultivation during the Middle Bronze Age. Finally, our results also suggest locally diverse subsistence economies for GHP Scythians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Gamarra
- grid.452421.4Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007 Tarragona, Spain ,grid.410367.70000 0001 2284 9230Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria ,grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsolt Bernert
- grid.424755.50000 0001 1498 9209Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 1-3, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Piroska Csengeri
- Department of Archaeology, Herman Ottó Museum, Görgey Artúr u. 28, 3529 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - László Domboróczki
- Department of Archaeology, Dobó István Castle Museum, Vár 1, Eger, 3300 Hungary
| | - Anna Endrődi
- grid.452168.c0000 0001 0943 6204Department of Prehistoric and Migration Period, Budapest History Museum, Aquincum Museum and Archaeological Park, Szentendrei út 135, 1031 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Hellebrandt
- Department of Archaeology, Herman Ottó Museum, Görgey Artúr u. 28, 3529 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Antónia Horváth
- Department of Archaeology, Herman Ottó Museum, Görgey Artúr u. 28, 3529 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Király
- grid.5018.c0000 0001 2149 4407Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Kiss
- grid.424755.50000 0001 1498 9209Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 1-3, 1083 Budapest, Hungary ,grid.5591.80000 0001 2294 6276Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Koós
- Department of Archaeology, Herman Ottó Museum, Görgey Artúr u. 28, 3529 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Péter Kovács
- Damjanich János Museum, Kossuth tér 4, 5000 Szolnok, Hungary
| | - Kitti Köhler
- grid.5018.c0000 0001 2149 4407Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zsuzsanna K. Zoffmann
- grid.452093.90000 0001 1957 0247Department of Anthropology, Hungarian National Museum, Múzeum krt. 14-16, Budapest, 1083 Hungary
| | - Kendra Sirak
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Tamás Szeniczey
- grid.5591.80000 0001 2294 6276Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Dani
- Déri Museum, Déri tér 1, 4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- grid.5591.80000 0001 2294 6276Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria ,grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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25
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Styring AK, Carmona CU, Isaakidou V, Karathanou A, Nicholls GK, Sarpaki A, Bogaard A. Urban form and scale shaped the agroecology of early 'cities' in northern Mesopotamia, the Aegean and Central Europe. JOURNAL OF AGRARIAN CHANGE 2022; 22:831-854. [PMID: 36278250 PMCID: PMC9580239 DOI: 10.1111/joac.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural extensification refers to an expansive, low-input production strategy that is land rather than labour limited. Here, we present a robust method, using the archaeological proxies of cereal grain nitrogen isotope values and settlement size, to investigate the relationship between agricultural intensity and population size at Neolithic to Bronze/Iron Age settlement sites in northern Mesopotamia, the Aegean and south-west Germany. We conclude that urban form-in particular, density of occupation-as well as scale shaped the agroecological trajectories of early cities. Whereas high-density urbanism in northern Mesopotamia and the Aegean entailed radical agricultural extensification, lower density urbanism in south-west Germany afforded more intensive management of arable land. We relate these differing agricultural trajectories to long-term urban growth/collapse cycles in northern Mesopotamia and the Aegean, on the one hand, and to the volatility of early Iron Age elite power structures and urban centralization in south-west Germany, on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angeliki Karathanou
- Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Archaeological Research (LIRA), Department of ArchaeologyAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | | | | | - Amy Bogaard
- School of ArchaeologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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26
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Capriles JM, García M, Valenzuela D, Domic AI, Kistler L, Rothhammer F, Santoro CM. Pre-Columbian cultivation of vegetatively propagated and fruit tree tropical crops in the Atacama Desert. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.993630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
South America is a megadiverse continent that witnessed the domestication, translocation and cultivation of various plant species from seemingly contrasting ecosystems. It was the recipient and supplier of crops brought to and from Mesoamerica (such as maize and cacao, respectively), and Polynesia to where the key staple crop sweet potato was exported. Not every instance of the trans-ecological expansion of cultivated plants (both domesticated and wild), however, resulted in successful farming. Here, we review the transregional circulation and introduction of five food tropical crops originated in the tropical and humid valleys of the eastern Andes—achira, cassava, ahipa, sweet potato, and pacay—to the hyper-arid coastal valleys of the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, where they have been found in early archeological sites. By means of an evaluation of the contexts of their deposition and supported by direct radiocarbon dating, stable isotopes analyses, and starch grain analysis, we evaluate different hypotheses for explaining their introduction and adaptation to the hyper-arid soils of northern Chile, by societal groups that after the introduction of cultigens still retained a strong dependence on marine hunting, gathering and fishing ways of life based on wide variety of marine coast resources. Many of the studied plants were part of a broader package of introduced goods and technological devices and procedures, linked to food, therapeutic medicine, social and ritual purposes that transformed previous hunter-gatherer social, economic, and ideological institutions. Based on archeological data, we discuss some of the possible socio-ecological processes involved in the development of agricultural landscapes including the adoption of tropical crops originated several hundred kilometers away from the Atacama Desert during the Late Holocene.
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27
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Reid REB, Waples JT, Jensen DA, Edwards CE, Liu X. Climate and vegetation and their impact on stable C and N isotope ratios in bat guano. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.929220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cave guano deposits represent a relatively untapped paleoecological archive that can provide information about past vegetation, climate, and bat diet over several millennia. Recent research suggests that carbon isotope values (δ13C) measured in guano accumulations from insectivorous bats reflect the relative abundance of C3 and C4 plants on the landscape while nitrogen isotope values (δ15N) may reflect precipitation amount. Together, these proxies can provide useful information for restoration practitioners seeking to understand how plant species composition has changed over time in relation to climate and land use. To better calibrate these proxies for use in restoration, we compared instrumental records of precipitation and satellite imagery of vegetation with isotope values measured in modern bat guano from Mary Lawson Cave, a large limestone cavern located in central Missouri. Mary Lawson Cave hosts a maternity colony of insectivorous gray bats (Myotis grisescens), and as such, contains significant guano accumulations. In the fall of 2018, we collected a 60 cm long guano core that dates to 1999 cal AD at its base. Guano core δ13C values decrease from the base toward the surface (from ~-26 to -27‰) whereas δ15N values increase toward the surface even after accounting for ammonia volatilization (from ~3 to 5‰). Presently, the landscape around Mary Lawson Cave is dominated by a deciduous forest and pasture. Given that the land cover has changed very little over this period, the decline in δ13C values toward the present likely reflects a shift in land management on farms and/or increases in invasive C3 species. Rainfall amounts from nearby Lebanon, Missouri, are significantly positively correlated with guano δ15N values, a relationship that is notably opposite that observed previously in soil and plants. We argue that heavy fertilizer application and significant grazing intensity could lead to the accumulation of large pools of excess labile nitrogen which would be vulnerable to leaching during precipitation events. The relationship between guano δ15N values and precipitation may differ for materials from less agriculturally impacted locations or periods and should be extended into the past with caution.
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28
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Itahashi Y. Pig management in the Neolithic Near East and East Asia clarified with isotope analyses of bulk collagen and amino acids. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.944104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical analysis of animal bones from ancient sites has become a common approach in archeological research investigating animal utilization and domestication by past humans. Although several chemical indicators have been used to determine pig management practices in ancient societies, one indicator that can clarify human-animal relationships in the early stages of domestication is the change in the animal’s diet from its wild diet, which can be detected using isotope analysis of its bones. Omnivores, such as boars, are assumed to have shared foods with humans as their interaction increased, and a shift in the isotopic (carbon and nitrogen) compositions of their bone collagen toward humans are considered evidence of domestication. This approach has found evidence of early-stage pig management with human leftovers and feces in prehistoric East Asia, including in Neolithic China, Korea and Japan. However, in the Near East, one of the origins of animal domestication, even individual animals considered to be domesticated pigs according to zooarcheological data (such as morphological characteristics and mortality patterns) display isotopic compositions of bulk collagen that differ from those of humans but are close to those of herbivores. This result indicates that these pigs were fed special foods, such as legumes, rather than human leftovers or feces. However, the carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of the bulk collagen of herbivores found at the same sites showed huge variations, so the interpretation of the pigs’ diet is consequently unclear. In this study, a compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis was used to clarify the pig diet and management strategies unique to the Neolithic Near East, Turkey and Syria, together with a carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of bulk collagen. This study examines the diversity of pig management techniques in early agricultural societies and their relationship with the availability of other domestic animals and farming practices.
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29
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Losey RJ, Nomokonova T, Guiry E, Fleming LS, Garvie-Lok SJ, Waters-Rist AL, Bieraugle M, Szpak P, Bachura OP, Bazaliiskii VI, Berdnikova NE, Diatchina NG, Frolov IV, Gorbunov VV, Goriunova OI, Grushin SP, Gusev AV, Iaroslavtseva LG, Ivanov GL, Kharinskii AV, Konstantinov MV, Kosintsev PA, Kovychev EV, Lazin B, Nikitin IG, Papin DV, Popov AN, Sablin MV, Savel'ev NA, Savinetsky AB, Tishkin AA. The evolution of dog diet and foraging: Insights from archaeological canids in Siberia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo6493. [PMID: 35867782 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Research on the evolution of dog foraging and diet has largely focused on scavenging during their initial domestication and genetic adaptations to starch-rich food environments following the advent of agriculture. The Siberian archaeological record evidences other critical shifts in dog foraging and diet that likely characterize Holocene dogs globally. By the Middle Holocene, body size reconstruction for Siberia dogs indicates that most were far smaller than Pleistocene wolves. This contributed to dogs' tendencies to scavenge, feed on small prey, and reduce social foraging. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of Siberian dogs reveals that their diets were more diverse than those of Pleistocene wolves. This included habitual consumption of marine and freshwater foods by the Middle Holocene and reliance on C4 foods by the Late Holocene. Feeding on such foods and anthropogenic waste increased dogs' exposure to microbes, affected their gut microbiomes, and shaped long-term dog population history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Losey
- Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Tory Building 13-15 HM, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H4, Canada
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Saskatchewan, 55 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B1, Canada
| | - Tatiana Nomokonova
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Saskatchewan, 55 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B1, Canada
| | - Eric Guiry
- School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Lacey S Fleming
- Tennessee Division of Archaeology, 216 Foster Avenue, Cole Building 3, Nashville, TN 37243, USA
| | - Sandra J Garvie-Lok
- Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Tory Building 13-15 HM, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H4, Canada
| | - Andrea L Waters-Rist
- Department of Anthropology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Megan Bieraugle
- Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Tory Building 13-15 HM, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H4, Canada
| | - Paul Szpak
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Olga P Bachura
- Palaeoecology Laboratory, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Science, 8 Marta Street #202, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I Bazaliiskii
- Laboratory of Archaeology, Ethnology, Problems of Paleoecology and Human Evolution of the Faculty of History, Irkutsk State University, 5th Army Street 52, Irkutsk 664025, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia E Berdnikova
- Scientific Research Center "Baikal Region", Irkutsk State University, K. Marx St. 1, Irkutsk 664003, Russian Federation
| | - Natal'ia G Diatchina
- Trans-Baikal State University, Aleksandro-Zavodskaia St. 30, Chita 672039, Russian Federation
| | - Iaroslav V Frolov
- Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography of Altai, Altai State University, Dimitrova St. 66, Barnaul 656049, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim V Gorbunov
- Department of Archaeology, Ethnography and Museology, Altai State University, Lenin Prospekt St. 61, Barnaul 656049, Russian Federation
| | - Olga I Goriunova
- Scientific Research Center "Baikal Region", Irkutsk State University, K. Marx St. 1, Irkutsk 664003, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei P Grushin
- Department of Archaeology, Ethnography and Museology, Altai State University, Lenin Prospekt St. 61, Barnaul 656049, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei V Gusev
- Scientific Center of Arctic Studies, Respublika St. 20, Salekhard, Iamal-Nenets Autonomous District 629008, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa G Iaroslavtseva
- National Museum of the Republic of Buryatia, Kuibyshev St. 29, Ulan-Ude 670000, Russian Federation
| | - Grigorii L Ivanov
- Irkutsk Museum of Regional Studies, K. Marx St. 13, Irkutsk 664003, Russian Federation
| | - Artur V Kharinskii
- Laboratory of Archaeology, Paleoecology and the Subsistence Strategies of the Peoples of Northern Asia, Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Lermontov St. 83, Irkutsk 664074, Russian Federation
- Faculty of History, Irkutsk State University, K. Marx St. 1, Irkutsk 664003, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Konstantinov
- Trans-Baikal State University, Aleksandro-Zavodskaia St. 30, Chita 672039, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A Kosintsev
- Palaeoecology Laboratory, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Science, 8 Marta Street #202, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenii V Kovychev
- Trans-Baikal State University, Aleksandro-Zavodskaia St. 30, Chita 672039, Russian Federation
- Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist, and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Sakhiyanovoi St. 6, Ulan-Ude 670047, Russian Federation
| | - Boris Lazin
- Science Museum, Far East Federal University, Okeanskii Prospect 37, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation
| | - Iurii G Nikitin
- Museum of Archaeology and Ethnographies, Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far East, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Pushkinskaia St. 89, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V Papin
- Barnaul Laboratory of Archaeology and Ethnography of South Siberia, Altai State University, Dmitrova St. 66, Barnaul 656049, Russian Federation
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17, Acad. Lavretiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr N Popov
- Science Museum, Far East Federal University, Okeanskii Prospect 37, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Sablin
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaia nab. 1, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai A Savel'ev
- Laboratory of Archaeology, Ethnology, Problems of Paleoecology and Human Evolution of the Faculty of History, Irkutsk State University, 5th Army Street 52, Irkutsk 664025, Russian Federation
| | - Arkady B Savinetsky
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Tishkin
- Department of Archaeology, Ethnography and Museology, Altai State University, Lenin Prospekt St. 61, Barnaul 656049, Russian Federation
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Miller AZ, Jiménez-Morillo NT, Coutinho ML, Gazquez F, Palma V, Sauro F, Pereira MF, Rull F, Toulkeridis T, Caldeira AT, Forti P, Calaforra JM. Organic geochemistry and mineralogy suggest anthropogenic impact in speleothem chemistry from volcanic show caves of the Galapagos. iScience 2022; 25:104556. [PMID: 35789844 PMCID: PMC9250005 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The network of lava tubes is one of the most unexploited natural wonders of the Galapagos Islands. Here, we provide the first morphological, mineralogical, and biogeochemical assessment of speleothems from volcanic caves of the Galapagos to understand their structure, composition, and origin, as well as to identify organic molecules preserved in speleothems. Mineralogical analyses revealed that moonmilk and coralloid speleothems from Bellavista and Royal Palm Caves were composed of calcite, opal-A, and minor amounts of clay minerals. Extracellular polymeric substances, fossilized bacteria, silica microspheres, and cell imprints on siliceous minerals evidenced microbe-mineral interactions and biologically-mediated silica precipitation. Alternating depositional layers between siliceous and carbonate minerals and the detection of biomarkers of surface vegetation and anthropogenic stressors indicated environmental and anthropogenic changes (agriculture, human waste, and cave visits) on these unique underground resources. Stable isotope analysis and Py-GC/MS were key to robustly identify biomarkers, allowing for implementation of future protection policies. Speleothems from lava tubes of Galapagos are archives of anthropogenic stressors Moonmilk and coralloids are composed of calcite, opal-A, and clay minerals Microbe-mineral interactions promote mineral dissolution and precipitation Biomarkers of surface vegetation and anthropogenic impacts detected by Py-GC/MS
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Z. Miller
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Spain
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Corresponding author
| | - Nicasio T. Jiménez-Morillo
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | | | - Fernando Gazquez
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- Andalusian Centre for the Monitoring and Assessment of Global Change (CAESCG), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Vera Palma
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Francesco Sauro
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environmental Geology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Fernando Rull
- CSIC-CAB Associated Unit ERICA, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Mineralogy and Crystallography, University of Valladolid, Boecillo, Spain
| | | | | | - Paolo Forti
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environmental Geology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - José M. Calaforra
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- Andalusian Centre for the Monitoring and Assessment of Global Change (CAESCG), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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31
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Cocozza C, Cirelli E, Groß M, Teegen WR, Fernandes R. Presenting the Compendium Isotoporum Medii Aevi, a Multi-Isotope Database for Medieval Europe. Sci Data 2022; 9:354. [PMID: 35729167 PMCID: PMC9213510 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present the Compendium Isotoporum Medii Aevi (CIMA), an open-access database gathering more than 50,000 isotopic measurements for bioarchaeological samples located within Europe and its margins, and dating between 500 and 1500 CE. This multi-isotope (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, δ18O, and 87Sr/86Sr) archive of measurements on human, animal, and plant archaeological remains also includes a variety of supporting information that offer, for instance, a taxonomic characterization of the samples, their location, and chronology, in addition to data on social, religious, and political contexts. Such a dataset can be used to identify data gaps for future research and to address multiple research questions, including those related with studies on medieval human lifeways (i.e. human subsistence, spatial mobility), characterization of paleo-environmental and -climatic conditions, and on plant and animal agricultural management practices. Brief examples of such applications are given here and we also discuss how the integration of large volumes of isotopic data with other types of archaeological and historical data can improve our knowledge of medieval Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cocozza
- Institut für Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie und Provinzialrömische Archäologie, and ArchaeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany.
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), and Mediterranean bioArchaeological Research Advances (MAReA) centre, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Enrico Cirelli
- Dipartimento di Storia Culture Civiltà, Alma Mater Studiorum Università degli Studi di Bologna, Piazza San Giovanni in Monte 2, 40124, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcus Groß
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolf-Rüdiger Teegen
- Institut für Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie und Provinzialrömische Archäologie, and ArchaeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 1 Parks Road, OX1 3TG, Oxford, UK.
- Arne Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Nováka 1, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Revealing lost secrets about Yingpan Man and the Silk Road. Sci Rep 2022; 12:669. [PMID: 35027587 PMCID: PMC8758759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Yingpan Man, is one of the most exquisitely preserved mummies found in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Here links between Yingpan Man and the Silk Road are explored through a detailed isotopic and bioarchaeological investigation of his life history. Analytical techniques of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotope ratio analysis on hair, teeth, muscle and bones as well as associated animal and plant remains, radiocarbon dating and starch grain analysis of dental calculus are presented to visualize never before seen aspects of Yingpan Man’s life, including: environment, breastfeeding and weaning practices, adolescent and adult diet, disease and nutritional status as well as season of death. Furthermore, in combination with a detailed review of his associated grave goods, this research examines the social status and identity of Yingpan Man, and demonstrates the profound impact and cultural fusion that the Silk Road had upon the peoples of Xinjiang and Eurasia.
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Su R, Wu J, Hu J, Ma L, Ahmed S, Zhang Y, Abdulraheem MI, Birech Z, Li L, Li C, Wei W. Minimalizing Non-point Source Pollution Using a Cooperative Ion-Selective Electrode System for Estimating Nitrate Nitrogen in Soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:810214. [PMID: 35095982 PMCID: PMC8790048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.810214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate nitrogen ( NO 3 - -N) in the soil is one of the important nutrients for growing crops. During the period of precipitation or irrigation, an excessive NO 3 - -N readily causes its leaching or runoff from the soil surface to rivers due to inaccurate fertilization and water management, leading to non-point source pollution. In general, the measurement of the NO 3 - -N relies upon the laboratory-based absorbance, which is often time-consuming, therefore not suitable for the rapid measurements in the field directly. Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) support the possibility of NO 3 - -N measurement by measuring the nitrate ( NO 3 - ) ions in soil quickly and accurately due to the high water solubility and mobility of NO 3 - ions. However, such a method suffers from a complicated calibration to remove the influences caused by both temperature and other ions in the measured solution, thus limiting field use. In this study, a kind of all-solid ISE system combined with a temperature sensor and a pH electrode is proposed to automatically measure the concentrations of the NO 3 - -N. In this study, a soil water content calibration function was established, which significantly reduces a relative error (RE) by 13.09%. The experimental results showed that the stabilization time of this electrode system was less than 15 s with a slope of -51.63 mV/decade in the linear range of 10-5-10-2.2 mol/L. Both the limit of detection of 0.5 ppm of the NO 3 - -N and a relative SD of less than 3% were obtained together with the recovery rate of 90-110%. Compared with the UV-Vis spectroscopy method, a correlation coefficient (R 2) of 0.9952 was obtained. The performances of this all-solid ISE system are satisfied for measuring the NO 3 - -N in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Hu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuzheng Ma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mukhtar Iderawumi Abdulraheem
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Agricultural Science Education, Oyo State College of Education, Lanlate, Nigeria
| | - Zephania Birech
- Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Linze Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wentao Wei
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
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Quinoa, potatoes, and llamas fueled emergent social complexity in the Lake Titicaca Basin of the Andes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2113395118. [PMID: 34845028 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113395118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lake Titicaca basin was one of the major centers for cultural development in the ancient world. This lacustrine environment is unique in the high, dry Andean altiplano, and its aquatic and terrestrial resources are thought to have contributed to the florescence of complex societies in this region. Nevertheless, it remains unclear to what extent local aquatic resources, particularly fish, and the introduced crop, maize, which can be grown in regions along the lakeshores, contributed to facilitating sustained food production and population growth, which underpinned increasing social political complexity starting in the Formative Period (1400 BCE to 500 CE) and culminating with the Tiwanaku state (500 to 1100 CE). Here, we present direct dietary evidence from stable isotope analysis of human skeletal remains spanning over two millennia, together with faunal and floral reference materials, to reconstruct foodways and ecological interactions in southern Lake Titicaca over time. Bulk stable isotope analysis, coupled with compound-specific amino acid stable isotope analysis, allows better discrimination between resources consumed across aquatic and terrestrial environments. Together, this evidence demonstrates that human diets predominantly relied on C3 plants, particularly quinoa and tubers, along with terrestrial animals, notably domestic camelids. Surprisingly, fish were not a significant source of animal protein, but a slight increase in C4 plant consumption verifies the increasing importance of maize in the Middle Horizon. These results underscore the primary role of local terrestrial food resources in securing a nutritious diet that allowed for sustained population growth, even in the face of documented climate and political change across these periods.
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Cleary DM, Linley T, Kriesel J, Fahrland A, Kelly JF, Moran JJ. Capillary absorption spectroscopy for high temporal resolution measurements of stable carbon isotopes in soil and plant-based systems. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:1-8. [PMID: 34741887 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Capillary Absorption Spectroscopy (CAS) is a relatively new analytical technique for performing stable isotope analysis. Here, we demonstrate the utility of CAS by recording and quantifying variation in 13C in controlled and biologically relevant applications. We calibrated CAS system response to increased 13CO2, with an observed ∼4‰ increase in measured Δ13C for each 0.03 ppm shift in 13CO2 concentration. We leveraged this calibration to quantify rates of biogeochemical processes using a 13C tracer. For example, we monitored microbial respiration of 13C-glucose within an agricultural soil at 10 s quantification intervals and results demonstrated 8.6% ± 0.4 of added glucose was converted to 13CO2 within 1.5 h of incubation. We expanded the demonstration by adapting a rhizobox to permit continuous monitoring of 13CO2 in a soil (as distinct from plant) headspace to track the timing and quantify respiration rates of fresh plant photosynthate and observed a 3.5 h delay between plant exposure to a13CO2 tracer and the first signs of respiration by soil biota. These experiments highlight CAS is effective in producing high temporal resolution quantification of 13CO2 and demonstrate potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Cleary
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Tim Linley
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Earth and Environment Directorate, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - James J Moran
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; Washington State University, Department of Crop and Soil Science, Pullman, WA, USA.
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Mohammed M, Mbah GC, Sowley ENK, Dakora FD. Bradyrhizobium Inoculation of Field-Grown Kersting's Groundnut [Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Marechal & Baudet] Increased Grain Yield and N2 Fixation, Measured Using the Ureide, and 15N Natural Abundance Techniques. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.672247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report on the symbiotic N2 fixation and water use efficiency (δ13C) of Kersting's groundnut, an important but underutilized grain legume in Africa, in response to inoculation with Bradyrhizobium strains 3267 and CB756. The 15N natural abundance and xylem ureide techniques were used to quantify N2 fixation. The landraces in this study derived variable levels of their N requirements from symbiosis, which translated into marked differences in the amounts of N-fixed by the landrace–inoculant combinations across the test locations. In most instances, the landrace-strain combinations that elicited higher shoot biomass also recorded greater N-fixed and/or ureide-N in xylem sap as well as grain yield. Although some landraces coupled increased grain yield with higher water use efficiency (shoot δ13C), a trait that could be tapped for crop improvement, others recorded lower yields despite eliciting relatively high shoot δ13C values, indicating genotypic variations in adaptation to the different environments. Grain yield of the test landraces showed marked variation and ranged from 131 to 1349.8 kg ha−1 depending on the landrace–strain combination used and the planting location. The high symbiotic dependence by landraces in this study could explain why Kersting's groundnut thrives in the low nutrient soils that are prevalent in its cultivation areas. These results provide more insights into the literature regarding the Kersting's groundnut–rhizobia symbiosis as well as the crop's water use efficiency.
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Metcalfe JZ. C 3 plant isotopic variability in a boreal mixed woodland: implications for bison and other herbivores. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12167. [PMID: 34631314 PMCID: PMC8466085 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant isotopic baselines are critical for accurately reconstructing ancient diets and environments and for using stable isotopes to monitor ecosystem conservation. This study examines the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions (δ 13C, δ 15N) of terrestrial C3 plants in Elk Island National Park (EINP), Alberta, Canada, with a focus on plants consumed by grazers. EINP is located in a boreal mixed woodland ecozone close to the transition area between historic wood and plains bison habitats, and is currently home to separate herds of wood and plains bison. For this study, 165 C3 plant samples (grasses, sedges, forbs, shrubs, and horsetail) were collected from three habitat types (open, closed, and wet) during two seasons (summer and fall). There were no statistically significant differences in the δ 13C or δ 15N values of grasses, sedges, shrubs and forbs. On the other hand, plant δ 13C and δ 15N values varied among habitats and plant parts, and the values increased from summer to fall. These results have several implications for interpreting herbivore tissue isotopic compositions: (1) consuming different proportions of grasses, sedges, shrubs, and forbs might not result in isotopic niche partitioning, (2) feeding in different microhabitats or selecting different parts of the same types of plants could result in isotopic niche partitioning, and (3) seasonal isotopic changes in herbivore tissues could reflect seasonal isotopic changes in dietary plants rather than (or in addition to) changes in animal diet or physiology. In addition, the positively skewed plant δ 15N distributions highlight the need for researchers to carefully evaluate the characteristics of their distributions prior to reporting data (e.g., means, standard deviations) or applying statistical models (e.g., parametric tests that assume normality). Overall, this study reiterates the importance of accessing ecosystem-specific isotopic baselines for addressing research questions in archaeology, paleontology, and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Z Metcalfe
- Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Ebert CE, Rand AJ, Green-Mink K, Hoggarth JA, Freiwald C, Awe JJ, Trask WR, Yaeger J, Brown MK, Helmke C, Guerra RA, Danforth M, Kennett DJ. Sulfur isotopes as a proxy for human diet and mobility from the preclassic through colonial periods in the Eastern Maya lowlands. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254992. [PMID: 34383771 PMCID: PMC8360522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maya archaeologists have long been interested in understanding ancient diets because they provide information about broad-scale economic and societal transformations. Though paleodietary studies have primarily relied on stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic analyses of human bone collagen to document the types of food people consumed, stable sulfur (δ34S) isotope analysis can potentially provide valuable data to identify terrestrial, freshwater, or marine/coastal food sources, as well as determine human mobility and migration patterns. Here we assess applications of δ34S for investigating Maya diet and migration through stable isotope analyses of human bone collagen (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S) from 114 individuals from 12 sites in the Eastern Maya lowlands, temporally spanning from the Late Preclassic (300 BCE-300 CE) through Colonial periods (1520-1800 CE). Results document a diet dominated by maize and other terrestrial resources, consistent with expectations for this inland region. Because δ34S values reflect local geology, our analyses also identified recent migrants to the Eastern lowlands who had non-local δ34S signatures. When combined with other indicators of mobility (e.g., strontium isotopes), sulfur isotopic data provide a powerful tool to investigate movement across a person's lifespan. This study represents the largest examination of archaeological human δ34S isotope values for the Maya lowlands and provides a foundation for novel insights into both subsistence practices and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Ebert
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Asta J. Rand
- Department of Archaeology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Kirsten Green-Mink
- Department of Anthropology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Hoggarth
- Department of Anthropology and Institute of Archaeology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Freiwald
- Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Jaime J. Awe
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- Institute of Archaeology, National Institute of Culture and History, Belmopan, Belize
| | | | - Jason Yaeger
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - M. Kathryn Brown
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christophe Helmke
- Institute of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael A. Guerra
- Institute of Archaeology, National Institute of Culture and History, Belmopan, Belize
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United State of America
| | - Marie Danforth
- School of Social Science and Global Studies, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Douglas J. Kennett
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United State of America
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Ramirez MD, Besser AC, Newsome SD, McMahon KW. Meta‐analysis of primary producer amino acid δ
15
N values and their influence on trophic position estimation. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Ramirez
- Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Narragansett RI USA
| | - Alexi C. Besser
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
| | - Seth D. Newsome
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
| | - Kelton W. McMahon
- Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Narragansett RI USA
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Baldoni M, Nardi A, De Angelis F, Rickards O, Martínez-Labarga C. How Does Diet Influence Our Lives? Evaluating the Relationship between Isotopic Signatures and Mortality Patterns in Italian Roman Imperial and Medieval Periods. Molecules 2021; 26:3895. [PMID: 34202264 PMCID: PMC8271375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research investigates the relationship between dietary habits and mortality patterns in the Roman Imperial and Medieval periods. The reconstructions of population dynamics and subsistence strategies provide a fascinating source of information for understanding our history. This is particularly true given that the changes in social, economic, political, and religious aspects related to the transition from the Roman period to the Middle Ages have been widely discussed. We analyzed the isotopic and mortality patterns of 616 individuals from 18 archeological sites (the Medieval Latium sites of Colonna, Santa Severa, Allumiere, Cencelle, and 14 Medieval and Imperial funerary contexts from Rome) to compile a survivorship analysis. A semi-parametric approach was applied, suggesting variations in mortality patterns between sexes in the Roman period. Nitrogen isotopic signatures influenced mortality in both periods, showing a quadratic and a linear effect for Roman Imperial and Medieval populations, respectively. No influence of carbon isotopic signatures has been detected for Roman Imperial populations. Conversely, increased mortality risk for rising carbon isotopic values was observed in Medieval samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Baldoni
- Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (F.D.A.); (O.R.)
- Ph.D. Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Nardi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Flavio De Angelis
- Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (F.D.A.); (O.R.)
| | - Olga Rickards
- Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (F.D.A.); (O.R.)
| | - Cristina Martínez-Labarga
- Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (F.D.A.); (O.R.)
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Bird MI, Crabtree SA, Haig J, Ulm S, Wurster CM. A global carbon and nitrogen isotope perspective on modern and ancient human diet. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024642118. [PMID: 33941703 PMCID: PMC8126777 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024642118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses are widely used to infer diet and mobility in ancient and modern human populations, potentially providing a means to situate humans in global food webs. We collated 13,666 globally distributed analyses of ancient and modern human collagen and keratin samples. We converted all data to a common "Modern Diet Equivalent" reference frame to enable direct comparison among modern human diets, human diets prior to the advent of industrial agriculture, and the natural environment. This approach reveals a broad diet prior to industrialized agriculture and continued in modern subsistence populations, consistent with the human ability to consume opportunistically as extreme omnivores within complex natural food webs and across multiple trophic levels in every terrestrial and many marine ecosystems on the planet. In stark contrast, isotope dietary breadth across modern nonsubsistence populations has compressed by two-thirds as a result of the rise of industrialized agriculture and animal husbandry practices and the globalization of food distribution networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Bird
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia;
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
| | - Stefani A Crabtree
- Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501
| | - Jordahna Haig
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
| | - Sean Ulm
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
- College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
| | - Christopher M Wurster
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
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Kalashnikova DA, Simonova GV. Ratios of Stable Isotopes 13С/12С and 15N/14N in Samples of Dead Honey Bees and Beekeeping Products. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Le-Alvarado M, Romo-Curiel AE, Sosa-Nishizaki O, Hernández-Sánchez O, Barbero L, Herzka SZ. Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) foraging habitat and trophic position in the Gulf of Mexico based on intrinsic isotope tracers. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246082. [PMID: 33626056 PMCID: PMC7904200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellowfin tuna (YFT, Thunnus albacares) is a commercially important species targeted by fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico (GM). Previous studies suggest a high degree of residency in the northern GM, although part of the population performs movements to southern Mexican waters. Whether YFT caught in southern waters also exhibit residency or migrate to the northern gulf is currently uncertain, and little is known regarding their trophic ecology. The isotopic composition (bulk & amino acids) of YFT muscle and liver tissues were compared to a zooplankton-based synoptic isoscape from the entire GM to infer feeding areas and estimate Trophic Position (TP). The spatial distribution of δ15Nbulk and δ15NPhe values of zooplankton indicated two distinct isotopic baselines: one with higher values in the northern GM likely driven by denitrification over the continental shelf, and another in the central-southern gulf, where nitrogen fixation predominates. Based on the contribution of the two regional isotopic baselines to YFT tissues, broad feeding areas were inferred, with a greater contribution of the northern GM (over a one-year time scale by muscle), and to a lesser extent in the central-southern GM (over the ca. 6-month scale by liver). This was corroborated by similarities in δ15NPhe values between YFT and the northern GM. TP estimates were calculated based on stable isotope analysis of bulk (SIA) and compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA-AA) of the canonical source and trophic amino acids. Mean TP based on SIA was 4.9 ± 1.0 and mean TP based on CSIA-A was 3.9 ± 0.2. YFT caught within the Mexican region seem to feed in northern and in central and southern GM, while feeding in the northern GM has a temporal component. Thus, management strategies need to consider that YFT caught in US and Mexican waters are a shared binational resource that exhibit feeding migrations within the GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliza Le-Alvarado
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Alfonsina E. Romo-Curiel
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Oscar Sosa-Nishizaki
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Oscar Hernández-Sánchez
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Leticia Barbero
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sharon Z. Herzka
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
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Génier CSV, Guglielmo CG, Mitchell GW, Falconer M, Hobson KA. Nutritional consequences of breeding away from riparian habitats in Bank Swallows: new evidence from multiple endogenous markers. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coaa140. [PMID: 33532072 PMCID: PMC7836397 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia), a threatened species in Canada, breeds primarily in banks at lakeshores and rivers and in artificial (typically inland) aggregate mining pits. Inland pits may be ecological traps for this species, but relative dietary trade-offs between these two nesting habitats have not been investigated. The availability of aquatic emergent insects at lakeshores may have associated nutritional benefits for growing nestlings due to increased omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) in prey. We compared the diets of juvenile swallows from lakeshore and inland pit sites using assays of stable isotope values (δ13C, δ15N, δ2H) of feathers, faecal DNA metabarcoding and blood plasma FAs. Colony proximity to Lake Erie influenced the use of aquatic versus terrestrial insects by Bank Swallow adults and juveniles. Feather δ2H was particularly useful as a tracer of aquatic emergent versus terrestrial prey, and inland juveniles had feathers enriched in 2H, reflective of diets composed of fewer aquatic emergent insects. DNA metabarcoding of juvenile and adult faecal material indicated that lakeshore birds consumed more aquatic-emergent chironomids than inland birds. Lakeshore juveniles had elevated plasma omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid levels compared with inland pit-breeding birds. We discuss the need to consider 'nutritional landscapes' and the importance of this concept in conservation of declining species and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine S V Génier
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Christopher G Guglielmo
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Greg W Mitchell
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Wildlife Research Division, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Myles Falconer
- Birds Canada, 115 Front Rd., P.O. Box 160, Port Rowan, Ontario N0E 1M0, Canada
| | - Keith A Hobson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Wildlife Research Division, 11 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5, Canada
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Sánchez-Cañadillas E, Carballo J, Padrón E, Hernández JC, Melián GV, Navarro Mederos JF, Pérez NM, Arnay-de-la-Rosa M. Dietary changes across time: Studying the indigenous period of La Gomera using δ 13 C and δ 15 N stable isotope analysis and radiocarbon dating. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 175:137-155. [PMID: 33404099 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article presents new radiocarbon and isotopic data to provide further information about the diet of the indigenous population of La Gomera and its possible changes across time. MATERIALS AND METHODS δ13 C and δ15 N of 53 human and 19 faunal samples from different sites on the island have been obtained and analyzed. Of these, 52 have been radiocarbon dated to provide insight on chronological changes. RESULTS Human dates range from the 3rd to 15th centuries AD, while faunal dates range from the 1st to 17th centuries AD. Stable carbon and nitrogen values are significantly different between the human and goat samples and have also a trophic increase of 3.4‰. Although male and female δ15 N data are not significantly different. Both δ13 C and δ15 N values of both human and animal samples tend to discretely decrease over time. DISCUSSION Radiocarbon dates from humans correlate with other dates obtained in the rest of the archipelago. Animal radiocarbon dates generally coincide except for one date, which requires further study. Isotopic δ15 N data suggest a mix of marine and terrestrial protein consumption in humans, the latter being more abundant given the seasonality of the first. δ13 C data also suggest a possible mixed diet in humans, with a predominance of C3 plants, like Hordeum vulgare, the only grain found in archaeological sites so far. Variations of both δ13 C and δ15 N over time suggest a slight modification on the diet, which could be related to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías Sánchez-Cañadillas
- Unidad de Docencia e Investigación de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Jared Carballo
- Unidad de Docencia e Investigación de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Eleazar Padrón
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Área de Medio ambiente, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.,Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Hernández
- Cabildo Insular de La Gomera y Museo Arqueológico de La Gomera, San Sebastián de La Gomera, Spain
| | - Gladys V Melián
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Área de Medio ambiente, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.,Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Navarro Mederos
- Unidad de Docencia e Investigación de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Nemesio M Pérez
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Área de Medio ambiente, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.,Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Matilde Arnay-de-la-Rosa
- Unidad de Docencia e Investigación de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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Colonese AC, Winter R, Brandi R, Fossile T, Fernandes R, Soncin S, McGrath K, Von Tersch M, Bandeira AM. Stable isotope evidence for dietary diversification in the pre-Columbian Amazon. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16560. [PMID: 33024191 PMCID: PMC7539003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeological research is radically transforming the view that the Amazon basin and surrounding areas witnessed limited societal development before European contact. Nevertheless, uncertainty remains on the nature of the subsistence systems and the role that aquatic resources, terrestrial mammalian game, and plants had in supporting population growth, geographic dispersal, cultural adaptations and political complexity during the later stages of the pre-Columbian era. This is exacerbated by the general paucity of archaeological human remains enabling individual dietary reconstructions. Here we use stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of bone collagen to reconstruct the diets of human individuals from São Luís Island (Brazilian Amazon coast) dated between ca. 1800 and 1000 cal BP and associated with distinct ceramic traditions. We expanded our analysis to include previously published data from Maracá and Marajó Island, in the eastern Amazon. Quantitative estimates of the caloric contributions from food groups and their relative nutrients using a Bayesian Mixing Model revealed distinct subsistence strategies, consisting predominantly of plants and terrestrial mammals and variably complemented with aquatic resources. This study offers novel quantitative information on the extent distinct food categories of polyculture agroforestry systems fulfilled the caloric and protein requirements of Late Holocene pre-Columbian populations in the Amazon basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Carlo Colonese
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK. .,Department of Prehistory, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Rachel Winter
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Poststraat 6, 9712 ER, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Brandi
- Instituto Ambiente Humano (IAH), Av. Germano Moreira, 457, Castelo, Batatais, CP 520, São Paulo, CEP 14300-218, Brazil
| | - Thiago Fossile
- Department of Prehistory, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745, Jena, Germany.,School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK.,Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Arne Nováka 1, 60200, Brno-střed, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Soncin
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Krista McGrath
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.,Department of Prehistory, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Matthew Von Tersch
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Arkley Marques Bandeira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Cultura E Sociedade, Programa de Pós-graduação Em Desenvolvimento E Meio Ambiente de Ecossistemas Costeiros e, Departamento de Oceanografia E Limnologia, Universidade Federal Do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966 Bacanga, São Luís, CEP 65080-805, Brazil
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Guiry EJ, Szpak P. Seaweed-eating sheep show that δ 34 S evidence for marine diets can be fully masked by sea spray effects. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8868. [PMID: 32559821 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stable sulfur isotope compositions (δ34 S values) are a useful marker of terrestrial (lower δ34 S) versus marine (higher δ34 S) diets. In coastal areas, 34 S-enriched sea spray can obscure these marine/terrestrial differences. We sought to establish whether δ34 S values of sea spray-affected terrestrial fauna can be distinguished from those of marine-feeding terrestrial fauna. METHODS We measured bone and dentine collagen δ34 S values, as well as stable carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) isotope compositions via continuous flow elemental analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry of 21 sheep (Ovis aries) raised on an island (North Ronaldsay, UK) of <7 km2 that had widely divergent access to marine (seaweed) and heavily sea spray-affected terrestrial (grass) food sources. We also analyzed the bone collagen of marine and terrestrial fauna from this island. RESULTS Sheep bone collagen showed well-defined trends with highly significant correlations between δ13 C and δ15 N values indicative of feeding along a continuum of fully terrestrial to fully marine diets, consistent with other modern baseline data from marine and terrestrial animals in the same area. In contrast, δ34 S values were generally elevated for all sheep and were not significantly correlated with either δ13 C or δ15 N values. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that δ34 S values are poorly suited for differentiating marine and terrestrial diets in terrestrial animals in areas with pronounced sea spray effects. Care must be taken to characterize the isotopic compositions of potential food items before δ34 S values are used as a marker for reliance on marine protein in modern and ancient contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Guiry
- School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, 6306 NW Marine Drive, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Paul Szpak
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
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Bataille CP, Chartrand MMG, Raposo F, St-Jean G. Assessing geographic controls of hair isotopic variability in human populations: A case-study in Canada. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237105. [PMID: 32776947 PMCID: PMC7416927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the isotope variability in fast-growing human tissues (e.g., hair, nails) is a powerful tool to investigate human nutrition. However, interpreting the controls of this isotopic variability at the population scale is often challenging as multiple factors can superimpose on the isotopic signals of a current population. Here, we analyse carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur isotopes in hair from 590 Canadian resident volunteers along with demographics, dietary and geographic information about each participant. We use a series of machine-learning regressions to demonstrate that the isotopic values in Canadian residents' hair are not only influenced by dietary choices but by geographic controls. First, we show that isotopic values in Canadian residents' hair have a limited range of variability consistent with the homogenization of Canadian dietary habits (as in other industrialized countries). As expected, some of the isotopic variability within the population correlates with recorded individual dietary choices. More interestingly, some regional spatial patterns emerge from carbon and sulphur isotope variations. The high carbon isotope composition of the hair of eastern Canadians relative to that of western Canadians correlates with the dominance of corn in the eastern Canadian food-industry. The gradient of sulphur isotope composition in Canadian hair from coast to inland regions correlates with the increasing soil pH and decreasing deposition of marine-derived sulphate aerosols in local food systems. We conclude that part of the isotopic variability found in the hair of Canadian residents reflects the isotopic signature associated with specific environmental conditions and agricultural practices of regional food systems transmitted to humans through the high consumption rate of intra-provincial food in Canada. Our study also underscores the strong potential of sulphur isotopes as tracers of human and food provenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement P. Bataille
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Francis Raposo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gilles St-Jean
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Miller MJ, Dong Y, Pechenkina K, Fan W, Halcrow SE. Raising girls and boys in early China: Stable isotope data reveal sex differences in weaning and childhood diets during the eastern Zhou era. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 172:567-585. [PMID: 32141612 PMCID: PMC7496748 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using stable isotope analysis of incremental dentin segments, we reconstruct breastfeeding, weaning, and childhood dietary patterns of Eastern Zhou period (771-221 BC) individuals from the Central Plains of China. Previous isotopic research on the Eastern Zhou demonstrated dietary difference between male and female diets in adulthood via bone collagen analysis. To understand the development of gendered dietary patterns we must examine the early life period. We aim to identify the timing of the weaning process, whether childhood diets were the same as adulthood diets, and if there were differences between the diets of boys and girls during childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present incremental dentin and bone collagen δ13 C and δ15 N isotope data from 23 individuals from two Eastern Zhou archaeological sites (Xiyasi and Changxinyuan ). RESULTS Weaning was completed between ages 2.5 and 4 years. Females were weaned slightly earlier than males. Early childhood diets show significant incorporation of C3 foods, such as wheat and soybean, for almost all children, while later adulthood diets indicate greater incorporation of C4 foods (millets), particularly for males. DISCUSSION Childhood diets included greater amounts of C3 foods than expected, suggesting that grains such as wheat may have been adopted in these communities as foods for children. Nevertheless, dietary differentiation between females and males began in childhood, with boys eating more millets (C4 foods) than girls. The findings suggest that feeding children was a significant aspect of socialization and cultural gendering of individuals in ancient China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J. Miller
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Archaeological Research FacilityUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yu Dong
- Institute of Cultural HeritageShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Kate Pechenkina
- Department of AnthropologyQueens CollegeNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Wenquan Fan
- Research Division of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and ArchaeologyZhengzhouChina
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50
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Mediterranean precipitation isoscape preserved in bone collagen δ 2H. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8579. [PMID: 32444789 PMCID: PMC7244594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The prehistory of the Mediterranean region has long been a subject of considerable interest, particularly the links between human groups and regions of origin. We utilize the spatial variation in the δ2H and δ18O values of precipitation (isoscapes) to develop proxies for geographic locations of fauna and humans. Bone collagen hydrogen isotope ratios (δ2H) in cattle (and to a lesser extent, ovicaprids) across the Mediterranean reflect the isotopic differences observed in rainfall (but δ18O values do not). We conclude that δ2H in herbivore bone collagen can be used as a geolocation tracer and for palaeoenvironmental studies such as tracing past isotopic variations in the global hydrological cycle. In contrast, human bone δ2H values are relatively tightly grouped and highly distinct from precipitation δ2H values, likely due to human-specific food practices and environmental modifications. Given the inter-species variability in δ2H, care should be taken in the species selected for study.
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