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Kaushik S, Ranjan A, Sidhu A, Singh AK, Sirhindi G. Cadmium toxicity: its' uptake and retaliation by plant defence system and ja signaling. Biometals 2024; 37:755-772. [PMID: 38206521 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd+2) renders multifarious environmental stresses and highly toxic to nearly all living organisms including plants. Cd causes toxicity by unnecessary augmentation of ROS that targets essential molecules and fundamental processes in plants. In response, plants outfitted a repertory of mechanisms to offset Cd toxicity. The main elements of these are Cd chelation, sequestration into vacuoles, and adjustment of Cd uptake by transporters and escalation of antioxidative mechanism. Signal molecules like phytohormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate the MAPK cascade, the activation of the antioxidant system andsynergistic crosstalk between different signal molecules in order to regulate plant responses to Cd toxicity. Transcription factors like WRKY, MYB, bHLH, bZIP, ERF, NAC etc., located downstream of MAPK, and are key factors in regulating Cd toxicity responses in plants. Apart from this, MAPK and Ca2+signaling also have a salient involvement in rectifying Cd stress in plants. This review highlighted the mechanism of Cd uptake, translocation, detoxification and the key role of defense system, MAPKs, Ca2+ signals and jasmonic acid in retaliating Cd toxicity via synchronous management of various other regulators and signaling components involved under stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Kaushik
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Alok Ranjan
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Patna Women's College, Bihar, 800001, India
| | - Anmol Sidhu
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Geetika Sirhindi
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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2
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Heydarian Z, Harrington M, Hegedus DD. Defects in Glabrous 3 (GL3) functionality underlie the absence of trichomes in Brassica napus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:1703-1719. [PMID: 38967095 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Previously, expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana GLABRA3 (GL3) induced trichome formation in Brassica napus. GL3 orthologues were examined from glabrous (B. oleracea), semi-glabrous (B. napus), moderately hirsute (B. rapa), and very hirsute (B. villosa) Brassica species. Ectopic expression of BnGL3, BrGL3 alleles, or BvGL3 induced trichome formation in glabrous B. napus with the effect on trichome number commensurate with density in the original accessions. Chimeric GL3 proteins in which the B. napus amino terminal region, which interacts with MYB proteins, or the middle region, which interacts with the WD40 protein TTG1, was exchanged with corresponding regions from A. thaliana were as stimulatory to trichome production as AtGL3. Exchange of the carboxy-terminal region containing a bHLH domain and an ACT domain did not alter the trichome stimulatory activity, although modeling of the ACT domain identified differences that could affect GL3 dimerization. B. napus A- and C-genomes orthologues differed in their abilities to form homo- and heterodimers. Modeling of the amino-terminal region revealed a conserved domain that may represent the MYB factor binding pocket. This region interacted with the MYB factors GL1, CPC, and TRY, as well as with JAZ8, which is involved in jasmonic acid-mediated regulation of MYC-like transcription factors. Protein interaction studies indicated that GL1 interaction with GL3 from B. napus and A. thaliana may underlie the difference in their respective abilities to induce trichome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Heydarian
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, University of Shiraz, Bajgah, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Myrtle Harrington
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Dwayne D Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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3
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Liang X, Liao G, Li J, Fan W, Liu Y, Wang S, Chen L, Wang Y, Liu J. Exogenous ABA promotes resistance to Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) in rice seedlings. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3389-3400. [PMID: 38391141 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the course of evolution, plants have developed various sophisticated defense mechanisms to resist pests and diseases. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) has an important role in the growth and development of plants and confers tolerance to selected abiotic stressors, such as drought. Previous studies have shown that ABA promotes the deposit of callose in response to piercing/sucking insect pests. The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae Fabricius, causes huge losses in rice and is especially harmful to rice seedlings. RESULTS Exogenous ABA promoted growth and reduced the feeding behavior of S. avenae nymphs in rice. Our results suggested that enhanced trichome density and increased expression of related genes may be associated with rice resistance to aphids. An analysis of volatiles revealed the production of seven compounds associated with pest resistance. CONCLUSION These results indicate that ABA reduces aphid feeding in rice. Our findings provide a basis for understanding ABA-mediated defense responses in rice and provide insights on more environmentally-friendly approaches to control. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guangrong Liao
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jitong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenyang Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinglan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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4
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Oveisi M, Sikuljak D, Anđelković AA, Bozic D, Trkulja N, Piri R, Poczai P, Vrbnicanin S. Application of artificial neural networks to classify Avena fatua and Avena sterilis based on seed traits: insights from European Avena populations primarily from the Balkan Region. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:537. [PMID: 38867157 PMCID: PMC11167764 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avena fatua and A. sterilis are challenging to distinguish due to their strong similarities. However, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) can effectively extract patterns and identify these species. We measured seed traits of Avena species from 122 locations across the Balkans and from some populations from southern, western, and central Europe (total over 22 000 seeds). The inputs for the ANN model included seed mass, size, color, hairiness, and placement of the awn attachment on the lemma. RESULTS The ANN model achieved high classification accuracy for A. fatua and A. sterilis (R2 > 0.99, RASE < 0.0003) with no misclassification. Incorporating geographic coordinates as inputs also resulted in successful classification (R2 > 0.99, RASE < 0.000001) with no misclassification. This highlights the significant influence of geographic coordinates on the occurrence of Avena species. The models revealed hidden relationships between morphological traits that are not easily detectable through traditional statistical methods. For example, seed color can be partially predicted by other seed traits combined with geographic coordinates. When comparing the two species, A. fatua predominantly had the lemma attachment point in the upper half, while A. sterilis had it in the lower half. A. sterilis exhibited slightly longer seeds and hairs than A. fatua, while seed hairiness and mass were similar in both species. A. fatua populations primarily had brown, light brown, and black colors, while A. sterilis populations had black, brown, and yellow colors. CONCLUSIONS Distinguishing A. fatua from A. sterilis based solely on individual characteristics is challenging due to their shared traits and considerable variability of traits within each species. However, it is possible to classify these species by combining multiple seed traits. This approach also has significant potential for exploring relationships among different traits that are typically difficult to assess using conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Oveisi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Ana A Anđelković
- Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Bozic
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Trkulja
- Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ramin Piri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Peter Poczai
- Botany and Mycology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sava Vrbnicanin
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Chengatt AP, Sarath NG, A M S, Sebastian DP, George S. 6-Benzylaminopurine mediated augmentation of cadmium phytostabilization potential in Strobilanthes alternata. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1893-1913. [PMID: 38836518 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2360573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This study unveiled the cadmium phytoremediation potential and its augmentation using 6-Benzylaminopurine in Strobilanthes alternata. Cadmium stress was provided by applying 250 mg/kg cadmium chloride in soil and 25 ppm of 6-BAP (25 ml) was administered to the plants as foliar spray. The results revealed high bioconcentration factor (BCF) (18.82 ± 0.54) and low translocation factor (TF) values (0.055 ± 0.002) for the plant based on which we strongly recommend S. alternata as a promising candidate for Cd phytoremediation. The phytostabilization potential of the plant was further enhanced by applying 6-BAP, which augmented its BCF to 22.09 ± 0.64 and reduced the TF to 0.038 ± 0.001. Cd toxicity caused a reduction of plant growth parameters, root volume, adaxial-abaxial stomatal indices, relative water content, tolerance index, moisture content, membrane stability index, and xylem vessel diameter in S. alternata. However, Cd + 6-BAP treated plants exhibited an increase of the same compared to Cd-treated plants. FTIR analysis of Cd + 6-BAP treated plants revealed increased deposition of hemicellulose, causing enhanced retention of Cd in the root xylem walls, which is largely responsible for increased phytostabilization of Cd. Therefore, 6-BAP application in S. alternata can be exploited to restore Cd-contaminated areas effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Prakash Chengatt
- Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous) Devagiri, Kozhikode, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Nair G Sarath
- Department of Botany, Mar Athanasius College (Autonomous), Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
| | - Shackira A M
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Kannur University, Kannur, Kerala, India
| | - Delse Parekkattil Sebastian
- Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous) Devagiri, Kozhikode, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Satheesh George
- Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous) Devagiri, Kozhikode, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kerala, India
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Li C, Zhang L, Li H, Duan Y, Wen X, Yang Y, Sun X. BrrTCP4b interacts with BrrTTG1 to suppress the development of trichomes in Brassica rapa var. rapa. PLANT DIVERSITY 2024; 46:416-420. [PMID: 38798727 PMCID: PMC11119518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The number of trichomes significantly increased in CRISPR/Cas9-edited BrrTCP4b turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa) plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be uncovered. In this study, we performed the Y2H screen using BrrTCP4b as the bait, which unveiled an interaction between BrrTCP4b and BrrTTG1, a pivotal WD40-repeat protein transcription factor in the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex. This physical interaction was further validated through bimolecular luciferase complementation and co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, it was found that the interaction between BrrTCP4b and BrrTTG1 could inhibit the activity of MBW complex, resulting in decreased expression of BrrGL2, a positive regulator of trichomes development. In contrast, AtTCP4 is known to regulate trichomes development by interacting with AtGL3 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overall, this study revealed that BrrTCP4b is involved in trichome development by interacting with BrrTTG1 in turnip, indicating a divergence from the mechanisms observed in model plant A. thaliana. The findings contribute to our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing trichome development in the non-model plants turnip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hefan Li
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yuanwen Duan
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xuemei Wen
- Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa 850001, Tibet, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xudong Sun
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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7
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Fuster-Pons A, Murillo-Sánchez A, Méndez-Vigo B, Marcer A, Pieper B, Torres-Pérez R, Oliveros JC, Tsiantis M, Picó FX, Alonso-Blanco C. The trichome pattern diversity of Cardamine shares genetic mechanisms with Arabidopsis but differs in environmental drivers. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024:kiae213. [PMID: 38606947 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Natural variation in trichome pattern (amount and distribution) is prominent among populations of many angiosperms. However, the degree of parallelism in the genetic mechanisms underlying this diversity and its environmental drivers in different species remain unclear. To address these questions, we analyzed the genomic and environmental bases of leaf trichome pattern diversity in Cardamine hirsuta, a relative of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We characterized 123 wild accessions for their genomic diversity, leaf trichome patterns at different temperatures, and environmental adjustments. Nucleotide diversities and biogeographical distribution models identified two major genetic lineages with distinct demographic and adaptive histories. Additionally, C. hirsuta showed substantial variation in trichome pattern and plasticity to temperature. Trichome amount in C. hirsuta correlated positively with spring precipitation but negatively with temperature, which is opposite to climatic patterns in A. thaliana. Contrastingly, genetic analysis of C. hirsuta glabrous accessions indicated that, like for A. thaliana, glabrousness is caused by null mutations in ChGLABRA1 (ChGL1). Phenotypic genome-wide association studies (GWAS) further identified a ChGL1 haplogroup associated with low trichome density and ChGL1 expression. Therefore, a ChGL1 series of null and partial loss-of-function alleles accounts for the parallel evolution of leaf trichome pattern in C. hirsuta and A. thaliana. Finally, GWAS also detected other candidate genes (e.g. ChETC3, ChCLE17) that might affect trichome pattern. Accordingly, the evolution of this trait in C. hirsuta and A. thaliana shows partially conserved genetic mechanisms but is likely involved in adaptation to different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fuster-Pons
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Alba Murillo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Belén Méndez-Vigo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Arnald Marcer
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Bjorn Pieper
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rafael Torres-Pérez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Oliveros
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Miltos Tsiantis
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Francisco Xavier Picó
- Departamento de Biología evolutiva, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Blanco
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
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8
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Ma Y, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Zhang R, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Bo Y, Lyu X, Yang J, Zhang M, Hu Z. A large presence/absence variation in the promotor of the ClLOG gene determines trichome elongation in watermelon. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:98. [PMID: 38592431 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The ClLOG gene encoding a cytokinin riboside 5'-monophosphate phosphoribohydrolase determines trichome length in watermelon, which is associated with its promoter variations. Trichomes, which are differentiated from epidermal cells, are special accessory structures that cover the above-ground organs of plants and possibly contribute to biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Here, a bulked segregant analysis (BSA) of an F2 population with significant variations in trichome length was undertaken. A 1.84-Mb candidate region on chromosome 10 was associated with trichome length. Resequencing and fine-mapping analyses indicated that a 12-kb structural variation in the promoter of Cla97C10G203450 (ClLOG) led to a significant expression difference in this gene in watermelon lines with different trichome lengths. In addition, a virus-induced gene silencing analysis confirmed that ClLOG positively regulated trichome elongation. These findings provide new information and identify a potential target gene for controlling multicellular trichome elongation in watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Ma
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Runqin Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Xie
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Bo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Breeding, Ningbo Weimeng Seed Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Lyu
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Breeding, Ningbo Weimeng Seed Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Wu R, Liu Z, Sun S, Qin A, Liu H, Zhou Y, Li W, Liu Y, Hu M, Yang J, Rochaix JD, An G, Herrera-Estrella L, Tran LSP, Sun X. Identification of bZIP Transcription Factors That Regulate the Development of Leaf Epidermal Cells in Arabidopsis thaliana by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2553. [PMID: 38473801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermal cells are the main avenue for signal and material exchange between plants and the environment. Leaf epidermal cells primarily include pavement cells, guard cells, and trichome cells. The development and distribution of different epidermal cells are tightly regulated by a complex transcriptional regulatory network mediated by phytohormones, including jasmonic acid, and transcription factors. How the fate of leaf epidermal cells is determined, however, is still largely unknown due to the diversity of cell types and the complexity of their regulation. Here, we characterized the transcriptional profiles of epidermal cells in 3-day-old true leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana using single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified two genes encoding BASIC LEUCINE-ZIPPER (bZIP) transcription factors, namely bZIP25 and bZIP53, which are highly expressed in pavement cells and early-stage meristemoid cells. Densities of pavement cells and trichome cells were found to increase and decrease, respectively, in bzip25 and bzip53 mutants, compared with wild-type plants. This trend was more pronounced in the presence of jasmonic acid, suggesting that these transcription factors regulate the development of trichome cells and pavement cells in response to jasmonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Susu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Aizhi Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Hao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Mengke Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jincheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guoyong An
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Xuwu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
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10
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Huang G, Wu W, Chen Y, Zhi X, Zou P, Ning Z, Fan Q, Liu Y, Deng S, Zeng K, Zhou R. Balancing selection on an MYB transcription factor maintains the twig trichome color variation in Melastoma normale. BMC Biol 2023; 21:122. [PMID: 37226197 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The factors that maintain phenotypic and genetic variation within a population have received long-term attention in evolutionary biology. Here the genetic basis and evolution of the geographically widespread variation in twig trichome color (from red to white) in a shrub Melastoma normale was investigated using Pool-seq and evolutionary analyses. RESULTS The results show that the twig trichome coloration is under selection in different light environments and that a 6-kb region containing an R2R3 MYB transcription factor gene is the major region of divergence between the extreme red and white morphs. This gene has two highly divergent groups of alleles, one of which likely originated from introgression from another species in this genus and has risen to high frequency (> 0.6) within each of the three populations under investigation. In contrast, polymorphisms in other regions of the genome show no sign of differentiation between the two morphs, suggesting that genomic patterns of diversity have been shaped by homogenizing gene flow. Population genetics analysis reveals signals of balancing selection acting on this gene, and it is suggested that spatially varying selection is the most likely mechanism of balancing selection in this case. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrate that polymorphisms on a single transcription factor gene largely confer the twig trichome color variation in M. normale, while also explaining how adaptive divergence can occur and be maintained in the face of gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yongmei Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Xueke Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Peishan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zulin Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Qiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shulin Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Renchao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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11
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Punja ZK, Sutton DB, Kim T. Glandular trichome development, morphology, and maturation are influenced by plant age and genotype in high THC-containing cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) inflorescences. J Cannabis Res 2023; 5:12. [PMID: 37016398 PMCID: PMC10071647 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-023-00178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glandular capitate trichomes which form on bract tissues of female inflorescences of high THC-containing Cannabis sativa L. plants are important sources of terpenes and cannabinoids. The influence of plant age and cannabis genotype on capitate trichome development, morphology, and maturation has not been extensively studied. Knowledge of the various developmental changes that occur in trichomes over time and the influence of genotype and plant age on distribution, numbers, and morphological features should lead to a better understanding of cannabis quality and consistency. METHODS Bract tissues of two genotypes-"Moby Dick" and "Space Queen"-were examined from 3 weeks to 8 weeks of flower development using light and scanning electron microscopy. Numbers of capitate trichomes on upper and lower bract surfaces were recorded at different positions within the inflorescence. Observations on distribution, extent of stalk formation, glandular head diameter, production of resin, and extent of dehiscence and senescence were made at various time points. The effects of post-harvesting handling and drying on trichome morphology were examined in an additional five genotypes. RESULTS Two glandular trichome types-bulbous and capitate (sessile or stalked)-were observed. Capitate trichome numbers and stalk length were significantly (P = 0.05) greater in "Space Queen" compared to "Moby Dick" at 3 and 6 weeks of flower development. Significantly more stalked-capitate trichomes were present on lower compared to upper bract surfaces at 6 weeks in both genotypes, while sessile-capitate trichomes predominated at 3 weeks. Epidermal and hypodermal cells elongated to different extents during stalk formation, producing significant variation in length (from 20 to 1100 μm). Glandular heads ranged from 40 to 110 μm in diameter. Maturation of stalked-capitate glandular heads was accompanied by a brown color development, reduced UV autofluorescence, and head senescence and dehiscence. Secreted resinous material from glandular heads appeared as droplets on the cuticular surface that caused many heads to stick together or collapse. Trichome morphology was affected by the drying process. CONCLUSION Capitate trichome numbers, development, and degree of maturation were influenced by cannabis genotype and plant age. The observations of trichome development indicate that asynchronous formation leads to different stages of trichome maturity on bracts. Trichome stalk lengths also varied between the two genotypes selected for study as well as over time. The variability in developmental stage and maturation between genotypes can potentially lead to variation in total cannabinoid levels in final product. Post-harvest handling and drying were shown to affect trichome morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamir K Punja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Darren B Sutton
- Department of Computing Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Tommy Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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12
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Mao H, Zhang W, Lv J, Yang J, Yang S, Jia B, Song J, Wu M, Pei W, Ma J, Zhang B, Zhang J, Wang L, Yu J. Overexpression of cotton Trihelix transcription factor GhGT-3b_A04 enhances resistance to Verticillium dahliae and affects plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 283:153947. [PMID: 36898190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne fungal disease that severely affects cotton fiber yield and quality. Herein, a cotton Trihelix family gene, GhGT-3b_A04, was strongly induced by the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Overexpression of the gene in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced the plant's resistance to Verticillium wilt but inhibited the growth of rosette leaves. In addition, the primary root length, root hair number, and root hair length increased in GhGT-3b_A04-overexpressing plants. The density and length of trichomes on the rosette leaves also increased. GhGT-3b_A04 localized to the nucleus, and transcriptome analysis revealed that it induced gene expression for salicylic acid synthesis and signal transduction and activated gene expression for disease resistance. The gene expression for auxin signal transduction and trichome development was reduced in GhGT-3b_A04-overexpressing plants. Our results highlight important regulatory genes for Verticillium wilt resistance and cotton fiber quality improvement. The identification of GhGT-3b_A04 and other important regulatory genes can provide crucial reference information for future research on transgenic cotton breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Mao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Junyuan Lv
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Jiaxiang Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Shuxian Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Bing Jia
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Jikun Song
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Man Wu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Wenfeng Pei
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Jianjiang Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Jinfa Zhang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 880033, USA.
| | - Li Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Jiwen Yu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
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13
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Tiwari P, Bae H. Trends in Harnessing Plant Endophytic Microbiome for Heavy Metal Mitigation in Plants: A Perspective. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1515. [PMID: 37050141 PMCID: PMC10097340 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant microbiomes represent dynamic entities, influenced by the environmental stimuli and stresses in the surrounding conditions. Studies have suggested the benefits of commensal microbes in improving the overall fitness of plants, besides beneficial effects on plant adaptability and survival in challenging environmental conditions. The concept of 'Defense biome' has been proposed to include the plant-associated microbes that increase in response to plant stress and which need to be further explored for their role in plant fitness. Plant-associated endophytes are the emerging candidates, playing a pivotal role in plant growth, adaptability to challenging environmental conditions, and productivity, as well as showing tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this article, efforts have been made to discuss and understand the implications of stress-induced changes in plant endophytic microbiome, providing key insights into the effects of heavy metals on plant endophytic dynamics and how these beneficial microbes provide a prospective solution in the tolerance and mitigation of heavy metal in contaminated sites.
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14
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Xu J, Yao J, Zhai H, Li Q, Xu Q, Xiang Y, Liu Y, Liu T, Ma H, Mao Y, Wu F, Wang Q, Feng X, Mu J, Lu Y. TrichomeYOLO: A Neural Network for Automatic Maize Trichome Counting. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 5:0024. [PMID: 36930773 PMCID: PMC10013788 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant trichomes are epidermal structures with a wide variety of functions in plant development and stress responses. Although the functional importance of trichomes has been realized, the tedious and time-consuming manual phenotyping process greatly limits the research progress of trichome gene cloning. Currently, there are no fully automated methods for identifying maize trichomes. We introduce TrichomeYOLO, an automated trichome counting and measuring method that uses a deep convolutional neural network, to identify the density and length of maize trichomes from scanning electron microscopy images. Our network achieved 92.1% identification accuracy on scanning electron microscopy micrographs of maize leaves, which is much better performed than the other 5 currently mainstream object detection models, Faster R-CNN, YOLOv3, YOLOv5, DETR, and Cascade R-CNN. We applied TrichomeYOLO to investigate trichome variations in a natural population of maize and achieved robust trichome identification. Our method and the pretrained model are open access in Github (https://github.com/yaober/trichomecounter). We believe TrichomeYOLO will help make efficient trichome identification and help facilitate researches on maize trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Maize Research Institute,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Yao
- College of Information Engineering,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Hang Zhai
- Maize Research Institute,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qimeng Li
- Maize Research Institute,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Maize Research Institute,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- College of Information Engineering,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianhong Liu
- Maize Research Institute,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Huili Ma
- Maize Research Institute,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Mao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences,
Chengdu Normal University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengkai Wu
- Maize Research Institute,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingjun Wang
- Maize Research Institute,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuanjun Feng
- Maize Research Institute,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiong Mu
- College of Information Engineering,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Maize Research Institute,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
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15
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Zhang N, Yang H, Han T, Kim HS, Marcelis LFM. Towards greenhouse cultivation of Artemisia annua: The application of LEDs in regulating plant growth and secondary metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1099713. [PMID: 36743532 PMCID: PMC9889874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1099713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone produced in glandular trichomes of Artemisia annua, and is extensively used in the treatment of malaria. Growth and secondary metabolism of A. annua are strongly regulated by environmental conditions, causing unstable supply and quality of raw materials from field grown plants. This study aimed to bring A. annua into greenhouse cultivation and to increase artemisinin production by manipulating greenhouse light environment using LEDs. A. annua plants were grown in a greenhouse compartment for five weeks in vegetative stage with either supplemental photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (blue, green, red or white) or supplemental radiation outside PAR wavelength (far-red, UV-B or both). The colour of supplemental PAR hardly affected plant morphology and biomass, except that supplemental green decreased plant biomass by 15% (both fresh and dry mass) compared to supplemental white. Supplemental far-red increased final plant height by 23% whereas it decreased leaf area, plant fresh and dry weight by 30%, 17% and 7%, respectively, compared to the treatment without supplemental radiation. Supplemental UV-B decreased plant leaf area and dry weight (both by 7%). Interestingly, supplemental green and UV-B increased leaf glandular trichome density by 11% and 9%, respectively. However, concentrations of artemisinin, arteannuin B, dihydroartemisinic acid and artemisinic acid only exhibited marginal differences between the light treatments. There were no interactive effects of far-red and UV-B on plant biomass, morphology, trichome density and secondary metabolite concentrations. Our results illustrate the potential of applying light treatments in greenhouse production of A. annua to increase trichome density in vegetative stage. However, the trade-off between light effects on plant growth and trichome initiation needs to be considered. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of light spectrum regulation on artemisinin biosynthesis need further clarification to enhance artemisinin yield in greenhouse production of A. annua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyi Zhang
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Haohong Yang
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Tianqi Han
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hyoung Seok Kim
- Smart Farm Convergence Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Leo F. M. Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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16
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Gesneriads, a Source of Resurrection and Double-Tolerant Species: Proposal of New Desiccation- and Freezing-Tolerant Plants and Their Physiological Adaptations. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010107. [PMID: 36671798 PMCID: PMC9855904 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gesneriaceae is a pantropical family of plants that, thanks to their lithophytic and epiphytic growth forms, have developed different strategies for overcoming water scarcity. Desiccation tolerance or "resurrection" ability is one of them: a rare phenomenon among angiosperms that involves surviving with very little relative water content in their tissues until water is again available. Physiological responses of desiccation tolerance are also activated during freezing temperatures, a stress that many of the resurrection gesneriads suffer due to their mountainous habitat. Therefore, research on desiccation- and freezing-tolerant gesneriads is a great opportunity for crop improvement, and some of them have become reference resurrection angiosperms (Dorcoceras hygrometrica, Haberlea rhodopensis and Ramonda myconi). However, their difficult indoor cultivation and outdoor accessibility are major obstacles for their study. Therefore, this review aims to identify phylogenetic, geoclimatic, habitat, and morphological features in order to propose new tentative resurrection gesneriads as a way of making them more reachable to the scientific community. Additionally, shared and species-specific physiological responses to desiccation and freezing stress have been gathered as a stress response metabolic basis of the family.
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17
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Obermeier C, Mason AS, Meiners T, Petschenka G, Rostás M, Will T, Wittkop B, Austel N. Perspectives for integrated insect pest protection in oilseed rape breeding. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3917-3946. [PMID: 35294574 PMCID: PMC9729155 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the past, breeding for incorporation of insect pest resistance or tolerance into cultivars for use in integrated pest management schemes in oilseed rape/canola (Brassica napus) production has hardly ever been approached. This has been largely due to the broad availability of insecticides and the complexity of dealing with high-throughput phenotyping of insect performance and plant damage parameters. However, recent changes in the political framework in many countries demand future sustainable crop protection which makes breeding approaches for crop protection as a measure for pest insect control attractive again. At the same time, new camera-based tracking technologies, new knowledge-based genomic technologies and new scientific insights into the ecology of insect-Brassica interactions are becoming available. Here we discuss and prioritise promising breeding strategies and direct and indirect breeding targets, and their time-perspective for future realisation in integrated insect pest protection of oilseed rape. In conclusion, researchers and oilseed rape breeders can nowadays benefit from an array of new technologies which in combination will accelerate the development of improved oilseed rape cultivars with multiple insect pest resistances/tolerances in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Obermeier
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Torsten Meiners
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Petschenka
- Department of Applied Entomology, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Straße 5, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Rostás
- Division of Agricultural Entomology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torsten Will
- Insitute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kühn Insitute, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wittkop
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nadine Austel
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Arteaga N, Méndez‐Vigo B, Fuster‐Pons A, Savic M, Murillo‐Sánchez A, Picó FX, Alonso‐Blanco C. Differential environmental and genomic architectures shape the natural diversity for trichome patterning and morphology in different Arabidopsis organs. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3018-3035. [PMID: 35289421 PMCID: PMC9541492 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the adaptive and taxonomic relevance of the natural diversity for trichome patterning and morphology, the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying these traits remain mostly unknown, particularly in organs other than leaves. In this study, we address the ecological, genetic and molecular bases of the natural variation for trichome patterning and branching in multiple organs of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). To this end, we characterized a collection of 191 accessions and carried out environmental and genome-wide association (GWA) analyses. Trichome amount in different organs correlated negatively with precipitation in distinct seasons, thus suggesting a precise fit between trichome patterning and climate throughout the Arabidopsis life cycle. In addition, GWA analyses showed small overlapping between the genes associated with different organs, indicating partly independent genetic bases for vegetative and reproductive phases. These analyses identified a complex locus on chromosome 2, where two adjacent MYB genes (ETC2 and TCL1) displayed differential effects on trichome patterning in several organs. Furthermore, analyses of transgenic lines carrying different natural alleles demonstrated that TCL1 accounts for the variation for trichome patterning in all organs, and for stem trichome branching. By contrast, two other MYB genes (TRY and GL1), mainly showed effects on trichome patterning or branching, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Arteaga
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Belén Méndez‐Vigo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Alberto Fuster‐Pons
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Marija Savic
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Alba Murillo‐Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - F. Xavier Picó
- Departamento de Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)SevillaSpain
| | - Carlos Alonso‐Blanco
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
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Roles of Auxin in the Growth, Development, and Stress Tolerance of Horticultural Plants. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172761. [PMID: 36078168 PMCID: PMC9454831 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin, a plant hormone, regulates virtually every aspect of plant growth and development. Many current studies on auxin focus on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, or on field crops, such as rice and wheat. There are relatively few studies on what role auxin plays in various physiological processes of a range of horticultural plants. In this paper, recent studies on the role of auxin in horticultural plant growth, development, and stress response are reviewed to provide novel insights for horticultural researchers and cultivators to improve the quality and application of horticultural crops.
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20
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Li CY, Yang L, Liu Y, Xu ZG, Gao J, Huang YB, Xu JJ, Fan H, Kong Y, Wei YK, Hu WL, Wang LJ, Zhao Q, Hu YH, Zhang YJ, Martin C, Chen XY. The sage genome provides insight into the evolutionary dynamics of diterpene biosynthesis gene cluster in plants. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111236. [PMID: 35977487 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely cultivated medicinal and ornamental plant sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is an evergreen shrub of the Lamiaceae family, native to the Mediterranean. We assembled a high-quality sage genome of 480 Mb on seven chromosomes, and identified a biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) encoding two pairs of diterpene synthases (diTPSs) that, together with the cytochromes P450 (CYPs) genes located inside and outside the cluster, form two expression cascades responsible for the shoot and root diterpenoids, respectively, thus extending BGC functionality from co-regulation to orchestrating metabolite production in different organs. Phylogenomic analysis indicates that the Salvia clades diverged in the early Miocene. In East Asia, most Salvia species are herbaceous and accumulate diterpenoids in storage roots. Notably, in Chinese sage S. miltiorrhiza, the diterpene BGC has contracted and the shoot cascade has been lost. Our data provide genomic insights of micro-evolution of growth type-associated patterning of specialized metabolite production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Zhou-Geng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Bo Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Hang Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yu-Kun Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Wen-Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yong-Hong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yi-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cathie Martin
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China.
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21
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Nomani L, Zehra A, Choudhary S, Wani KI, Naeem M, Siddiqui MH, Khan MMA, Aftab T. Exogenous hydrogen sulphide alleviates copper stress impacts in Artemisia annua L.: Growth, antioxidant metabolism, glandular trichome development and artemisinin biosynthesis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:642-651. [PMID: 33533541 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A supply of plant micronutrients (some of which are metals) is necessary to regulate many plant processes; their excess, however, can have detrimental consequences and can hamper plant growth, physiology and metabolism. Artemisia annua is an important crop plant used in the treatment of malaria. In this investigation, the physio-biochemical mechanisms involved in exogenous hydrogen sulphide-mediated (H2 S) alleviation of copper (Cu) stress in A. annua were assessed.. Two different levels of Cu (20, 40 mg·kg-1 ), one H2 S treatment (200 µm) and their combinations were introduced while one set of plants was retained as control. Results showed that the presence of excess Cu in the soil reduced growth and biomass, photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll content and fluorescence, gas exchange parameters and induced antioxidant enzyme activity. Copper stress enhanced the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and increased Cu content in both roots and shoots of affected plants. Exogenous application of H2 S restored the physio-biochemical characteristics of Cu-treated A. annua plants by reducing lipid peroxidation and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in Cu-stressed plants as compared with the controls. Hydrogen sulphide also reduced the Cu content in different plant parts, increased photosynthetic efficiency, trichome density, average area of trichomes and artemisinin content. Therefore, our results provide a comprehensive assessment of the defensive role of H2 S in Cu-stressed A. annua.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nomani
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - A Zehra
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - S Choudhary
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - K I Wani
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - M Naeem
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - M H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M A Khan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - T Aftab
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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22
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Zheng H, Yu MY, Han Y, Tai B, Ni SF, Ji RF, Pu CJ, Chen K, Li FQ, Xiao H, Shen Y, Zhou XT, Huang LQ. Comparative Transcriptomics and Metabolites Analysis of Two Closely Related Euphorbia Species Reveal Environmental Adaptation Mechanism and Active Ingredients Difference. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:905275. [PMID: 35712557 PMCID: PMC9194899 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.905275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Roots of Euphorbia fischeriana and Euphorbia ebracteolata are recorded as the source plant of traditional Chinese medicine "Langdu," containing active ingredients with anticancer and anti-AIDS activity. However, the two species have specific patterns in the graphic distribution. Compared with E. ehracteolata, E. fischeriana distributes in higher latitude and lower temperature areas and might have experienced cold stress adaptation. To reveal the molecular mechanism of environmental adaptation, RNA-seq was performed toward the roots, stems, and leaves of E. fischeriana and E. ehracteolata. A total of 6,830 pairs of putative orthologs between the two species were identified. Estimations of non-synonymous or synonymous substitution rate ratios for these orthologs indicated that 533 of the pairs may be under positive selection (Ka/Ks > 0.5). Functional enrichment analysis revealed that significant proportions of the orthologs were in the TCA cycle, fructose and mannose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and terpenoid biosynthesis providing insights into how the two closely related Euphorbia species adapted differentially to extreme environments. Consistent with the transcriptome, a higher content of soluble sugars and proline was obtained in E. fischeriana, reflecting the adaptation of plants to different environments. Additionally, 5 primary or secondary metabolites were screened as the biomarkers to distinguish the two species. Determination of 4 diterpenoids was established and performed, showing jolkinolide B as a representative component in E. fischeriana, whereas ingenol endemic to E. ebracteolate. To better study population genetics, EST-SSR markers were generated and tested in 9 species of Euphorbia. A total of 33 of the 68 pairs were screened out for producing clear fragments in at least four species, which will furthermore facilitate the studies on the genetic improvement and phylogenetics of this rapidly adapting taxon. In this study, transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed the evolution of genes related to cold stress tolerance, biosynthesis of TCA cycle, soluble sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids, consistent with the molecular strategy that genotypes adapting to environment. The key active ingredients of the two species were quantitatively analyzed to reveal the difference in pharmacodynamic substance basis and molecular mechanism, providing insights into rational crude drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mu-Yao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Badalahu Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Mongolian Medicine College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Sheng-Fa Ni
- Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan Xinhua Hospital, Huainan, China
| | - Rui-Feng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Juan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Quan Li
- Hulunbeier Mongolian Medical Hospital, Hulunbeier, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Hulunbeier Mongolian Medical Hospital, Hulunbeier, China
| | - Ye Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Teng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Homeodomain Leucine Zipper Subfamily IV (HD-ZIP IV) Gene Family in Cannabis sativa L. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101307. [PMID: 35631732 PMCID: PMC9144208 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The plant-specific homeodomain zipper family (HD-ZIP) of transcription factors plays central roles in regulating plant development and environmental resistance. HD-ZIP transcription factors IV (HDZ IV) have been involved primarily in the regulation of epidermal structure development, such as stomata and trichomes. In our study, we identified nine HDZ IV-encoding genes in Cannabis sativa L. by conducting a computational analysis of cannabis genome resources. Our analysis suggests that these genes putatively encode proteins that have all the conserved domains of HDZ IV transcription factors. The phylogenetic analysis of HDZ IV gene family members of cannabis, rice (Oryza sativa), and Arabidopsis further implies that they might have followed distinct evolutionary paths after divergence from a common ancestor. All the identified cannabis HDZ IV gene promoter sequences have multiple regulation motifs, such as light- and hormone-responsive elements. Furthermore, experimental evidence shows that different HDZ IV genes have different expression patterns in root, stem, leaf, and flower tissues. Four genes were primarily expressed in flowers, and the expression of CsHDG5 (XP_030501222.1) was also correlated with flower maturity. Fifty-nine genes were predicted as targets of HDZ IV transcription factors. Some of these genes play central roles in pathogen response, flower development, and brassinosteroid signaling. A subcellular localization assay indicated that one gene of this family is localized in the Arabidopsis protoplast nucleus. Taken together, our work lays fundamental groundwork to illuminate the function of cannabis HDZ IV genes and their possible future uses in increasing cannabis trichome morphogenesis and secondary metabolite production.
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Khetnon P, Busarakam K, Sukhaket W, Niwaspragrit C, Kamolsukyeunyong W, Kamata N, Sanguansub S. Mechanisms of Trichomes and Terpene Compounds in Indigenous and Commercial Thai Rice Varieties against Brown Planthopper. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050427. [PMID: 35621763 PMCID: PMC9143670 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Herbivorous insects and their host plants have a long history of co-evolution. Plants produce specialized morphological structures known as trichomes, which may be involved in the antibiosis and antixenosis traits of the host plant when interacting with insect herbivores. The host plant also produces chemicals that may act as a repellent or antifeedant to reduce infestation by herbivores. Several studies over the last few decades have revealed that trichomes perform an important role in plants’ defense against herbivores. However, little information is available on the physical and chemical defense of indigenous and commercial Thai rice varieties against major pests such as the brown planthopper (BPH). In this study, we found a negative relationship between the density of prickle trichomes and the BPH infestation level. The volatile organic compound (VOC) emission profiles from rice plants indicated that β-Sesquiphellandrene induced by BPH possibly repelled BPH. Abstract Plant trichomes generally act as a physical defense against herbivore attacks and are present in a variety of plants, including rice plants. This research examined the physical and chemical defenses of rice plants against the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). A total of 10 rice varieties were used in this study. An electron microscope was used to observe trichomes. Constitutive and induced volatile compound profiles were assessed using GC-MS analyses. The preference of BPH for volatiles from the 10 rice plants was tested using a two-choice arena olfactometer system. The density of prickle trichomes had a negative relationship with the BPH injury level. Without BPH infestation, the volatile of the most resistant rice variety (Rathu Heenati (RH)) was preferred by BPH than those of the other varieties, with the exception of Gled Plah Chawn. However, the relative BPH preference for volatiles from the RH variety decreased during BPH infestation. When rice plants were infested by BPH, the numbers of VOCs and these quantities decreased. In the RH variety, the emission of essentities found without BPH infestation ceased during infestation by BPH. During the BPH infestation, rice plants started to emit new VOCs that were not detected before the BPH infestation started. In conclusion, we discovered that rice plants defended against BPH by changing VOC components during BPH infestation and β-Sesquiphellandrene was likely the most effective component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phawini Khetnon
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.K.)
- Expert Centre of Innovative Agriculture, TISTR Technopolis, Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Kanungnid Busarakam
- Biodiversity Research Centre, TISTR Technopolis, Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Wissarut Sukhaket
- Expert Centre of Innovative Agriculture, TISTR Technopolis, Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.S.); (C.N.)
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Cholticha Niwaspragrit
- Expert Centre of Innovative Agriculture, TISTR Technopolis, Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Wintai Kamolsukyeunyong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Naoto Kamata
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.K.)
- The University of Tokyo Chiba Forest, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kamogawa, Chiba 299-5503, Japan
| | - Sunisa Sanguansub
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-34351886
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Ali Z, Merrium S, Habib-Ur-Rahman M, Hakeem S, Saddique MAB, Sher MA. Wetting mechanism and morphological adaptation; leaf rolling enhancing atmospheric water acquisition in wheat crop-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:30967-30985. [PMID: 35102510 PMCID: PMC9054867 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Several plant species such as grasses are dominant in many habitats including arid and semi-arid areas. These species survive in these regions by developing exclusive structures, which helps in the collection of atmospheric water. Before the collected water evaporates, these structures have unique canopy structure for water transportation that plays an equivalent share in the fog-harvesting mechanism. In this review, the atmospheric gaseous water harvesting mechanisms and their affinity of measurements were discussed. Morphological adaptations and their role in the capturing of atmospheric gaseous water of various species were also discussed. The key factor for the water collection and its conduction in the wheat plant is the information of contact angle hysteresis. In wheat, leaf rolling and its association with wetting property help the plant in water retention. Morphological adaptations, i.e., leaf erectness, grooves, and prickle hairs, also help in the collection and acquisition of water droplets by stem flows in directional guide toward the base of the plant and allow its rapid uptake. Morphological adaptation strengthens the harvesting mechanism by preventing the loss of water through shattering. Thus, wheat canopy architecture can be modified to harvest the atmospheric water and directional movement of water towards the root zone for self-irrigation. Moreover, these morphological adaptations are also linked with drought avoidance and corresponding physiological processes to resist water stress. The combination of these traits together with water use efficiency in wheat contributes to a highly efficient atmospheric water harvesting system that enables the wheat plants to reduce the cost of production. It also increases the yielding potential of the crop in arid and semi-arid environments. Further investigating the ecophysiology and molecular pathways of these morphological adaptations in wheat may have significant applications in varying climatic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Ali
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Sabah Merrium
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Sadia Hakeem
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ali Sher
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
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Phurailatpam L, Dalal VK, Singh N, Mishra S. Heavy Metal Stress Alleviation Through Omics Analysis of Soil and Plant Microbiome. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.817932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination of soil and water resources is a global concern, which not only limits crop yield and quality, but also has serious environmental effects. Due to the non-biodegradable nature and toxicity, high concentration of HMs in food and environment is a serious threat to the entire ecosystem. Moreover, the target of supplying safe and quality food to the rising human population (expected to reach ~9–10 bn by the year 2050), necessitates effective treatment of the HM-contaminated soil. Various microbe-mediated bioremediation strategies such as biosorption, bioprecipiation, biostimulation, etc., have been found to be effective in uptake and conversion of HMs to less toxic forms. Further, in the past few years, the use of soil and plant-associated microbiome for HM stress alleviation is gaining attention among the scientific community. In general, microbes are spectacular in being dynamic and more responsive to environmental conditions in comparison to their host plants. Moreover, with the advancements in high throughput sequencing technologies, the focus is eventually shifting from just structural characterization to functional insights into the microbiome. The microbes inhabiting the HM-contaminated environments or associated with HM-tolerant plants are a source for exploring HM-tolerant microbial communities, which could be used for enhancing bioremediation efficiency and conferring HM tolerance in plants. This review discusses the application of omics techniques including metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metabolomics, for rapid and robust identification of HM-tolerant microbial communities, mining novel HM resistance genes, and fabricating the HM resistome.
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27
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Zuch DT, Doyle SM, Majda M, Smith RS, Robert S, Torii KU. Cell biology of the leaf epidermis: Fate specification, morphogenesis, and coordination. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:209-227. [PMID: 34623438 PMCID: PMC8774078 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As the outermost layer of plants, the epidermis serves as a critical interface between plants and the environment. During leaf development, the differentiation of specialized epidermal cell types, including stomatal guard cells, pavement cells, and trichomes, occurs simultaneously, each providing unique and pivotal functions for plant growth and survival. Decades of molecular-genetic and physiological studies have unraveled key players and hormone signaling specifying epidermal differentiation. However, most studies focus on only one cell type at a time, and how these distinct cell types coordinate as a unit is far from well-comprehended. Here we provide a review on the current knowledge of regulatory mechanisms underpinning the fate specification, differentiation, morphogenesis, and positioning of these specialized cell types. Emphasis is given to their shared developmental origins, fate flexibility, as well as cell cycle and hormonal controls. Furthermore, we discuss computational modeling approaches to integrate how mechanical properties of individual epidermal cell types and entire tissue/organ properties mutually influence each other. We hope to illuminate the underlying mechanisms coordinating the cell differentiation that ultimately generate a functional leaf epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Zuch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Siamsa M Doyle
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 90183, Sweden
| | - Mateusz Majda
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Richard S Smith
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Stéphanie Robert
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 90183, Sweden
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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28
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Patzak J, Henychová A, Matoušek J. Developmental regulation of lupulin gland-associated genes in aromatic and bitter hops (Humulus lupulus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:534. [PMID: 34773975 PMCID: PMC8590222 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) bitter acids are valuable metabolites for the brewing industry. They are biosynthesized and accumulate in glandular trichomes of the female inflorescence (hop cone). The content of alpha bitter acids, such as humulones, in hop cones can differentiate aromatic from bitter hop cultivars. These contents are subject to genetic and environmental control but significantly correlate with the number and size of glandular trichomes (lupulin glands). RESULTS We evaluated the expression levels of 37 genes involved in bitter acid biosynthesis and morphological and developmental differentiation of glandular trichomes to identify key regulatory factors involved in bitter acid content differences. For bitter acid biosynthesis genes, upregulation of humulone synthase genes, which are important for the biosynthesis of alpha bitter acids in lupulin glands, could explain the higher accumulation of alpha bitter acids in bitter hops. Several transcription factors, including HlETC1, HlMYB61 and HlMYB5 from the MYB family, as well as HlGLABRA2, HlCYCB2-4, HlZFP8 and HlYABBY1, were also more highly expressed in the bitter hop cultivars; therefore, these factors may be important for the higher density of lupulin glands also seen in the bitter hop cultivars. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression analyses enabled us to investigate the differences between aromatic and bitter hops. This study confirmed that the bitter acid content in glandular trichomes (lupulin glands) is dependent on the last step of alpha bitter acid biosynthesis and glandular trichome density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Patzak
- Hop Research Institute Co., Ltd., Kadaňská 2525, 438 01, Žatec, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Henychová
- Hop Research Institute Co., Ltd., Kadaňská 2525, 438 01, Žatec, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Matoušek
- Biology Centre ASCR v.v.i, Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Xin Y, Pan W, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang M, Chen X, Yang F, Li J, Wu J, Du Y, Zhang X. Transcriptome profiling reveals key genes in regulation of the tepal trichome development in Lilium pumilum D.C. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1889-1906. [PMID: 34259890 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A number of potential genes and pathways involved in tepal trichome development were identified in a natural lily mutant by transcriptome analysis and were confirmed with trichome and trichomeless species. Trichome is a specialized structure found on the surface of the plant with an important function in survival against abiotic and biotic stress. It is also an important economic trait in crop breeding. Extensive research has investigated the foliar trichome in model plants (Arabidopsis and tomato). However, the developmental mechanism of tepal trichome remains elusive. Lilium pumilum is an edible ornamental bulb and a good breeding parent possessing cold and salt-alkali resistance. Here, we found a natural mutant of Lilium pumilum grown on a highland whose tepals are covered by trichomes. Our data indicate that trichomes of the mutant are multicellular and branchless. Notably, stomata are also developed on the tepal of the mutant as well, suggesting there may be a correlation between trichome and stomata regulation. Furthermore, we isolated 27 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing the transcriptome profiling between the natural mutant and the wild type. These 27 genes belong to 4 groups: epidermal cell cycle and division, trichome morphogenesis, stress response, and transcription factors. Quantitative real-time PCR in Lilium pumilum (natural mutant and the wild type) and other lily species (Lilium leichtlinii var. maximowiczii/trichome; Lilium davidii var. willmottiae/, trichomeless) confirmed the validation of RNA-seq data and identified several trichome-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North), Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wenqiang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North), Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North), Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North), Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North), Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xuqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North), Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Fengping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North), Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jingru Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yunpeng Du
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North), Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Xiuhai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North), Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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Pishchik V, Mirskaya G, Chizhevskaya E, Chebotar V, Chakrabarty D. Nickel stress-tolerance in plant-bacterial associations. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12230. [PMID: 34703670 PMCID: PMC8487243 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is an essential element for plant growth and is a constituent of several metalloenzymes, such as urease, Ni-Fe hydrogenase, Ni-superoxide dismutase. However, in high concentrations, Ni is toxic and hazardous to plants, humans and animals. High levels of Ni inhibit plant germination, reduce chlorophyll content, and cause osmotic imbalance and oxidative stress. Sustainable plant-bacterial native associations are formed under Ni-stress, such as Ni hyperaccumulator plants and rhizobacteria showed tolerance to high levels of Ni. Both partners (plants and bacteria) are capable to reduce the Ni toxicity and developed different mechanisms and strategies which they manifest in plant-bacterial associations. In addition to physical barriers, such as plants cell walls, thick cuticles and trichomes, which reduce the elevated levels of Ni entrance, plants are mitigating the Ni toxicity using their own antioxidant defense mechanisms including enzymes and other antioxidants. Bacteria in its turn effectively protect plants from Ni stress and can be used in phytoremediation. PGPR (plant growth promotion rhizobacteria) possess various mechanisms of biological protection of plants at both whole population and single cell levels. In this review, we highlighted the current understanding of the bacterial induced protective mechanisms in plant-bacterial associations under Ni stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pishchik
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint-Petersburg, Pushkin, Russian Federation
- Agrophysical Scientific Research Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Galina Mirskaya
- Agrophysical Scientific Research Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Chizhevskaya
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint-Petersburg, Pushkin, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Chebotar
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint-Petersburg, Pushkin, Russian Federation
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31
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Han G, Li Y, Qiao Z, Wang C, Zhao Y, Guo J, Chen M, Wang B. Advances in the Regulation of Epidermal Cell Development by C2H2 Zinc Finger Proteins in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:754512. [PMID: 34630497 PMCID: PMC8497795 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.754512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant epidermal cells, such as trichomes, root hairs, salt glands, and stomata, play pivotal roles in the growth, development, and environmental adaptation of terrestrial plants. Cell fate determination, differentiation, and the formation of epidermal structures represent basic developmental processes in multicellular organisms. Increasing evidence indicates that C2H2 zinc finger proteins play important roles in regulating the development of epidermal structures in plants and plant adaptation to unfavorable environments. Here, we systematically summarize the molecular mechanism underlying the roles of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in controlling epidermal cell formation in plants, with an emphasis on trichomes, root hairs, and salt glands and their roles in plant adaptation to environmental stress. In addition, we discuss the possible roles of homologous C2H2 zinc finger proteins in trichome development in non-halophytes and salt gland development in halophytes based on bioinformatic analysis. This review provides a foundation for further study of epidermal cell development and abiotic stress responses in plants.
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32
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Peco JD, Sandalio LM, Higueras P, Olmedilla A, Campos JA. Characterization of the biochemical basis for copper homeostasis and tolerance in Biscutella auriculata L. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:167-179. [PMID: 33280132 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biscutella auriculata L. is a plant that belongs to the Brassicaceae family and it has been found growing in a metal-contaminated area of the San Quíntín mine (Ciudad Real, Spain). The purpose of this work was to evaluate the mechanisms that allow this plant to tolerate high concentrations of copper. Seedlings were grown in a semi-hydroponic system for 15 days under 125 μM of Cu (NO3 )2 . Exposure to copper resulted in growth inhibition and reduction in the photosynthetic parameters. Copper was mainly accumulated in vascular tissue and vacuoles of the roots and only a minor proportion was transferred to the shoot. Biothiol analysis showed a greater enhancement of reduced glutathione in leaves and increases of phytochelatins (PC2 and PC3) in both leaves and roots. Copper treatment induced oxidative stress, which triggered a response of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms. The results show that B. auriculata is able to tolerate high metal levels through the activation of specific mechanisms to neutralize the oxidative stress produced and also by metal sequestration through phytochelatins. The preferential accumulation of copper in roots provides clues for further studies on the use of this plant for phytostabilization and environmental recovery purposes in Cu-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús D Peco
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, UCLM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto de Geología Aplicada, UCLM, Almadén, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Adela Olmedilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Juan A Campos
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, UCLM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto de Geología Aplicada, UCLM, Almadén, Spain
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33
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Karabourniotis G, Liakopoulos G, Bresta P, Nikolopoulos D. The Optical Properties of Leaf Structural Elements and Their Contribution to Photosynthetic Performance and Photoprotection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1455. [PMID: 34371656 PMCID: PMC8309337 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Leaves have evolved to effectively harvest light, and, in parallel, to balance photosynthetic CO2 assimilation with water losses. At times, leaves must operate under light limiting conditions while at other instances (temporally distant or even within seconds), the same leaves must modulate light capture to avoid photoinhibition and achieve a uniform internal light gradient. The light-harvesting capacity and the photosynthetic performance of a given leaf are both determined by the organization and the properties of its structural elements, with some of these having evolved as adaptations to stressful environments. In this respect, the present review focuses on the optical roles of particular leaf structural elements (the light capture module) while integrating their involvement in other important functional modules. Superficial leaf tissues (epidermis including cuticle) and structures (epidermal appendages such as trichomes) play a crucial role against light interception. The epidermis, together with the cuticle, behaves as a reflector, as a selective UV filter and, in some cases, each epidermal cell acts as a lens focusing light to the interior. Non glandular trichomes reflect a considerable part of the solar radiation and absorb mainly in the UV spectral band. Mesophyll photosynthetic tissues and biominerals are involved in the efficient propagation of light within the mesophyll. Bundle sheath extensions and sclereids transfer light to internal layers of the mesophyll, particularly important in thick and compact leaves or in leaves with a flutter habit. All of the aforementioned structural elements have been typically optimized during evolution for multiple functions, thus offering adaptive advantages in challenging environments. Hence, each particular leaf design incorporates suitable optical traits advantageously and cost-effectively with the other fundamental functions of the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Karabourniotis
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Morphology, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Georgios Liakopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Morphology, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Panagiota Bresta
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimosthenis Nikolopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Morphology, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (D.N.)
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34
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Lan J, Zhang J, Yuan R, Yu H, An F, Sun L, Chen H, Zhou Y, Qian W, He H, Qin G. TCP transcription factors suppress cotyledon trichomes by impeding a cell differentiation-regulating complex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:434-451. [PMID: 33576799 PMCID: PMC8154074 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells that act as barriers against biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the formation of trichomes on hairy organs is well studied, the molecular mechanisms of trichome inhibition on smooth organs are still largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the CINCINNATA (CIN)-like TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors inhibit the formation of trichomes on cotyledons in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The tcp2/3/4/5/10/13/17 septuple mutant produces cotyledons with ectopic trichomes on the adaxial sides. The expression patterns of TCP genes are developmentally regulated during cotyledon development. TCP proteins directly interact with GLABRA3 (GL3), a key component of the MYB transcription factor/basic helix-loop-helix domain protein/WD40-repeat proteins (MYB-bHLH-WD40, MBW) complex essential for trichome formation, to interfere with the transactivation activity of the MBW complex in cotyledons. TCPs also disrupt the MBW complex-R3 MYB negative feedback loop by directly promoting the expression of R3 MYB genes, which enhance the repression of the MBW complex. Our findings reveal a molecular framework in which TCPs suppress trichome formation on adaxial sides of cotyledons by repressing the activity of the MBW complex at the protein level and the transcripts of R3 MYB genes at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengying An
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqiang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang He
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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De Coninck T, Gistelinck K, Janse van Rensburg HC, Van den Ende W, Van Damme EJM. Sweet Modifications Modulate Plant Development. Biomolecules 2021; 11:756. [PMID: 34070047 PMCID: PMC8158104 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant development represents a continuous process in which the plant undergoes morphological, (epi)genetic and metabolic changes. Starting from pollination, seed maturation and germination, the plant continues to grow and develops specialized organs to survive, thrive and generate offspring. The development of plants and the interplay with its environment are highly linked to glycosylation of proteins and lipids as well as metabolism and signaling of sugars. Although the involvement of these protein modifications and sugars is well-studied, there is still a long road ahead to profoundly comprehend their nature, significance, importance for plant development and the interplay with stress responses. This review, approached from the plants' perspective, aims to focus on some key findings highlighting the importance of glycosylation and sugar signaling for plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibo De Coninck
- Laboratory of Glycobiology & Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.D.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Koen Gistelinck
- Laboratory of Glycobiology & Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.D.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Henry C. Janse van Rensburg
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.J.v.R.); (W.V.d.E.)
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.J.v.R.); (W.V.d.E.)
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Laboratory of Glycobiology & Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.D.C.); (K.G.)
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Gao S, Li N, Niran J, Wang F, Yin Y, Yu C, Jiao C, Yang C, Yao M. Transcriptome profiling of Capsicum annuum using Illumina- and PacBio SMRT-based RNA-Seq for in-depth understanding of genes involved in trichome formation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10164. [PMID: 33986344 PMCID: PMC8119447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomes, specialized epidermal cells located in aerial parts of plants, play indispensable roles in resisting abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the regulatory genes essential for multicellular trichrome development in Capsicum annuum L. (pepper) remain unclear. In this study, the transcript profiles of peppers GZZY-23 (hairy) and PI246331 (hairless) were investigated to gain insights into the genes responsible for the formation of multicellular trichomes. A total of 40,079 genes, including 4743 novel genes and 13,568 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), were obtained. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the most noticeable pathways were transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, and plant hormone signal transduction, which might be critical for multicellular trichome formation in hairy plants. We screened 11 DEGs related to trichome development; 151 DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction; 312 DEGs belonging to the MYB, bHLH, HD-Zip, and zinc finger transcription factor families; and 1629 DEGs predicted as plant resistance genes (PRGs). Most of these DEGs were highly expressed in GZZY-23 or trichomes. Several homologs of trichome regulators, such as SlCycB2, SlCycB3, and H, were considerably upregulated in GZZY-23, especially in the trichomes. The transcriptomic data generated in this study provide a basis for future characterization of trichome formation in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | | | - Fei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yanxu Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chuying Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chunhai Jiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Minghua Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Arteaga N, Savic M, Méndez-Vigo B, Fuster-Pons A, Torres-Pérez R, Oliveros JC, Picó FX, Alonso-Blanco C. MYB transcription factors drive evolutionary innovations in Arabidopsis fruit trichome patterning. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:548-565. [PMID: 33955486 PMCID: PMC8136876 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Both inter- and intra-specific diversity has been described for trichome patterning in fruits, which is presumably involved in plant adaptation. However, the mechanisms underlying this developmental trait have been hardly addressed. Here we examined natural populations of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that develop trichomes in fruits and pedicels, phenotypes previously not reported in the Arabidopsis genus. Genetic analyses identified five loci, MALAMBRUNO 1-5 (MAU1-5), with MAU2, MAU3, and MAU5 showing strong epistatic interactions that are necessary and sufficient to display these traits. Functional characterization of these three loci revealed cis-regulatory mutations in TRICHOMELESS1 and TRIPTYCHON, as well as a structural mutation in GLABRA1. Therefore, the multiple mechanisms controlled by three MYB transcription factors of the core regulatory network for trichome patterning have jointly been modulated to trigger trichome development in fruits. Furthermore, analyses of worldwide accessions showed that these traits and mutations only occur in a highly differentiated relict lineage from the Iberian Peninsula. In addition, these traits and alleles were associated with low spring precipitation, which suggests that trichome development in fruits and pedicels might be involved in climatic adaptation. Thus, we show that the combination of synergistic mutations in a gene regulatory circuit has driven evolutionary innovations in fruit trichome patterning in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Arteaga
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Marija Savic
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Belén Méndez-Vigo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Alberto Fuster-Pons
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Rafael Torres-Pérez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Oliveros
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - F Xavier Picó
- Departamento de Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Blanco
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
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Hofmann NR. Trichomes on reproductive organs in Arabidopsis: a new trait in an ancient lineage. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:449-450. [PMID: 35234940 PMCID: PMC8136866 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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Scheidegger L, Niassy S, Midega C, Chiriboga X, Delabays N, Lefort F, Zürcher R, Hailu G, Khan Z, Subramanian S. The role of Desmodium intortum, Brachiaria sp. and Phaseolus vulgaris in the management of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in maize cropping systems in Africa. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2350-2357. [PMID: 33421266 PMCID: PMC8048848 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a serious pest of maize. Farming systems such as push-pull or maize-legume intercropping have been reported to reduce FAW infestations significantly. However, the exact mechanisms involved in FAW management have not been practically elucidated. We therefore assessed larval host preference, feeding and survival rate when exposed to four host plants commonly used in push-pull and legume intercropping. We also compared adult moths' oviposition preference between maize and other grasses used as trap crops in push-pull. RESULTS The larval orientation and settlement study showed that maize was the most preferred host plant followed by bean, desmodium and Brachiaria brizantha cv Mulato II. The larval arrest and dispersal experiment showed that mean number of larvae was significantly higher on maize than on Desmodium or B. brizantha cv Mulato II. However, no significant differences were found between maize and bean after 24 h. Maize was the most consumed plant, followed by bean, desmodium and finally brachiaria. The mean percentage of survival to the pupation stage was significantly higher on maize. The study on FAW oviposition preference showed no significant differences in egg deposited between maize and other grasses. However, B. brizantha cv Xaraes, which received more eggs than maize, could be a promising alternative to B. brizantha cv Mulato II for the control of FAW. CONCLUSION The study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the control of fall armyworm under the push-pull and maize legume intercropping. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Scheidegger
- Haute école du paysage, d'ingénierie et d'architecture de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Saliou Niassy
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Charles Midega
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Xavier Chiriboga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Nicolas Delabays
- Haute école du paysage, d'ingénierie et d'architecture de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - François Lefort
- Haute école du paysage, d'ingénierie et d'architecture de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Roger Zürcher
- Haute école du paysage, d'ingénierie et d'architecture de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Girma Hailu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Zeyaur Khan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
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Cowan MF, Blomstedt CK, Møller BL, Henry RJ, Gleadow RM. Variation in production of cyanogenic glucosides during early plant development: A comparison of wild and domesticated sorghum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 184:112645. [PMID: 33482417 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Domestication has narrowed the genetic diversity found in crop wild relatives, potentially reducing plasticity to cope with a changing climate. The tissues of domesticated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), especially in younger plants, are cyanogenic and potentially toxic. Species of wild sorghum produce lower levels of the cyanogenic glucoside (CNglc) dhurrin than S. bicolor at maturity, but it is not known if this is also the case during germination and early growth. CNglcs play multiple roles in primary and specialised metabolism in domesticated sorghum and other crop plants. In this study, the temporal and spatial distribution of dhurrin in wild and domesticated sorghum at different growth stages was monitored in leaf, sheath and root tissues up to 35 days post germination using S. bicolor and the wild species S. brachypodum and S. macrospermum as the experimental systems. Growth parameters were also measured and allocation of plant total nitrogen (N%) to both dhurrin and nitrate (NO3-) was calculated. Negligible amounts of dhurrin were produced in the leaves of the two wild species compared to S. bicolor. The morphology of the two wild sorghums also differed from S. bicolor, with the greatest differences observed for the more distantly related S. brachypodum. S. bicolor had the highest leaf N% whilst the wild species had significantly higher root N%. Allocation of nitrogen to dhurrin in aboveground tissue was significantly higher in S. bicolor compared to the wild species but did not differ in the roots across the three species. The differences in plant morphology, dhurrin content and re-mobilisation, and nitrate/nitrogen allocation suggest that domestication has affected the functional roles of dhurrin in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max F Cowan
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Cecilia K Blomstedt
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; VILLUM Research Center Plant Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert J Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Roslyn M Gleadow
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Wang R, Liu K, Zhang XJ, Chen WL, Qu XJ, Fan SJ. Comparative Plastomes and Phylogenetic Analysis of Cleistogenes and Closely Related Genera (Poaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:638597. [PMID: 33841465 PMCID: PMC8030268 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.638597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cleistogenes (Orininae, Cynodonteae, Chloridoideae, Poaceae) is an ecologically important genus. The phylogenetic placement of Cleistogenes and phylogenetic relationships among Cleistogenes taxa remain controversial for a long time. To resolve the intra- and inter-generic relationships of Cleistogenes, the plastomes of 12 Cleistogenes taxa (including 8 species and 4 varieties), one Orinus species, 15 Triodia species, two Tripogon species, and two Aeluropus species were included in the present study. All the taxa showed a similar pattern in plastome structure, gene order, gene content, and IR boundaries. The number of simple sequence repeats ranged from 145 (O. kokonorica) to 161 (T. plurinervata and T. schinzii). Moreover, 1,687 repeats were identified in these taxa, including 1,012 forward, 650 palindromic, 24 reverse, and one complement. Codon usage analysis revealed that these plastomes contained 16,633 (T. stipoides) to 16,678 (T. tomentosa) codons. Sequence divergence analysis among Cleistogenes and closely related genera identified five non-coding regions (trnS-UGA-psbZ, rpl32-trnL-UAG, trnQ-UUG-psbK, trnD-GUC-psbM, trnT-GGU-trnE-UUC). Phylogenetic analysis of complete plastomes indicated that Cleistogenes is sister to a clade composed of Orinus and Triodia, whereas it did not support the sister relationship between the recently proposed subtribe Orininae (Cleistogenes and Orinus) and Triodia. The subtribe Orininae was not supported by our complete plastome data. The split between Cleistogenes and Orinus-Triodia clade go back to 14.01 Ma. Besides, our findings suggested that C. squarrosa and C. songorica are the successive early diverging groups in the phylogenetic analysis. The other 10 taxa are divided into two groups: a monophyletic group composed of Cleistogenes sp. nov. and C. caespitosa var. ramosa is sister to other eight Cleistogenes taxa. Cleistogenes was estimated to have experienced rapid divergence within a short period, which could be a major obstacle in resolving phylogenetic relationships within Cleistogenes. Collectively, our results provided valuable insights into the phylogenetic study of grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-Jie Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Qu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shou-Jin Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Doolabh K, Naidoo Y, Dewir YH, Al-Suhaibani N. Micromorphology, Ultrastructure and Histochemistry of Commelina benghalensis L. Leaves and Stems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:512. [PMID: 33803463 PMCID: PMC8000186 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Commelina benghalensis L. is used as a traditional medicine in treating numerous ailments and diseases such as infertility in women, conjunctivitis, gonorrhea, and jaundice. This study used light and electron microscopy coupled with histochemistry to investigate the micromorphology, ultrastructure and histochemical properties of C. benghalensis leaves and stems. Stereo and scanning electron microscopy revealed dense non-glandular trichomes on the leaves and stems and trichome density was greater in emergent leaves than in the young and mature. Three morphologically different non-glandular trichomes were observed including simple multicellular, simple bicellular and simple multicellular hooked. The simple bicellular trichomes were less common than the multicellular and hooked. Transmission electron micrographs showed mitochondria, vesicles and vacuoles in the trichome. The leaf section contained chloroplasts with plastoglobuli and starch grains. Histochemical analysis revealed various pharmacologically important compounds such as phenols, alkaloids, proteins and polysaccharides. The micromorphological and ultrastructural investigations suggest that Commelina benghalensis L. is an economically important medicinal plant due to bioactive compounds present in the leaves and stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareshma Doolabh
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (K.D.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yougasphree Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (K.D.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yaser Hassan Dewir
- Plant Production Department, PO Box 2460, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Nasser Al-Suhaibani
- Plant Production Department, PO Box 2460, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Chen Z, Zheng Z, Luo W, Zhou H, Ying Z, Liu C. Detection of a major QTL conditioning trichome length and density on chromosome arm 4BL and development of near isogenic lines targeting this locus in bread wheat. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:10. [PMID: 37309472 PMCID: PMC10236078 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are differentiated epidermal cells and can be found on above ground organs of nearly all land plants. Results from previous studies show that trichomes play important roles against a wide range of both biotic and abiotic stresses. By examining differences between parental genotypes of available populations, we identified a population of recombinant inbred lines showing clear segregation for trichome density and length. Assessing the F8 lines of the population growing in the field detected a major locus on chromosome arm 4BL. This locus was detected based the assessments of either fully expanded third leaves or flag leaves after anthesis. Based on the position of the QTL, an SSR marker was used to identify heterozygous plants at this locus from F5 lines derived from the same cross for the F8 population. Three pairs of near isogenic lines targeting this locus were obtained from these heterozygous plants. Difference in trichome length between the two lines with opposite alleles for each of these NIL pairs were similar to that between the two parental genotypes for the mapping populations, confirming that this single locus is mainly responsible for the trichome characteristics measured in this study. The allele with long and dense trichome is dominant as this characteristic was shown by the heterozygous individuals at this marker locus. Apart from the targeted locus, NIL pairs have highly homogeneous genetic backgrounds. Thus, the NILs could be invaluable in understanding the relationship between trichome density and resistance or tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01201-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Chen
- Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013 China
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067 Australia
| | - Zhi Zheng
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067 Australia
| | - Wei Luo
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067 Australia
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Hong Zhou
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067 Australia
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Zhaoyang Ying
- Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013 China
| | - Chunji Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067 Australia
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Masui N, Agathokleous E, Mochizuki T, Tani A, Matsuura H, Koike T. Ozone disrupts the communication between plants and insects in urban and suburban areas: an updated insight on plant volatiles. JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH 2021; 32:1337-1349. [PMID: 33456272 PMCID: PMC7797194 DOI: 10.1007/s11676-020-01287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plant-insect interactions are basic components of biodiversity conservation. To attain the international Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the interactions in urban and in suburban systems should be better understood to maintain the health of green infrastructure. The role of ground-level ozone (O3) as an environmental stress disrupting interaction webs is presented. Ozone mixing ratios in suburbs are usually higher than in the center of cities and may reduce photosynthetic productivity at a relatively higher degree. Consequently, carbon-based defense capacities of plants may be suppressed by elevated O3 more in the suburbs. However, contrary to this expectation, grazing damages by leaf beetles have been severe in some urban centers in comparison with the suburbs. To explain differences in grazing damages between urban areas and suburbs, the disruption of atmospheric communication signals by elevated O3 via changes in plant-regulated biogenic volatile organic compounds and long-chain fatty acids are considered. The ecological roles of plant volatiles and the effects of O3 from both a chemical and a biological perspective are presented. Ozone-disrupted plant volatiles should be considered to explain herbivory phenomena in urban and suburban systems. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version of this article contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s11676-020-01287-4) to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Masui
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tomoki Mochizuki
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Tani
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, CAS, Beijing, 100085 People’s Republic of China
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A Review on Practical Application and Potentials of Phytohormone-Producing Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Inducing Heavy Metal Tolerance in Crops. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12219056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Water scarcity and high input costs have compelled farmers to use untreated wastewater and industrial effluents to increase profitability of their farms. Normally, these effluents improve crop productivity by serving as carbon source for microbes, providing nutrients to plants and microbes, and improving soil physicochemical and biological properties. They, however, may also contain significant concentrations of potential heavy metals, the main inorganic pollutants affecting plant systems, in addition to soil deterioration. The continuous use of untreated industrial wastes and agrochemicals may lead to accumulation of phytotoxic concentration of heavy metals in soils. Phytotoxic concentration of heavy metals in soils has been reported in Pakistan along the road sides and around metropolitan areas, which may cause its higher accumulation in edible plant parts. A number of bacterial that can induce heavy metal tolerance in plants due to their ability to produce phytohormones strains have been reported. Inoculation of crop plants with these microbes can help to improve their growth and productivity under normal, as well as stressed, conditions. This review reports the recent developments in heavy metal pollution as one of the major inorganic sources, the response of plants to these contaminants, and heavy metal stress mitigation strategies. We have also summarized the exogenous application of phytohormones and, more importantly, the use of phytohormone-producing, heavy metal-tolerant rhizobacteria as one of the recent tools to deal with heavy metal contamination and improvement in productivity of agricultural systems.
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46
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Chen G, Klinkhamer PGL, Escobar-Bravo R. Constitutive and Inducible Resistance to Thrips Do Not Correlate With Differences in Trichome Density or Enzymatic-Related Defenses in Chrysanthemum. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:1105-1116. [PMID: 33089352 PMCID: PMC7677159 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, is a serious insect pest of Chrysanthemum [Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. (Asteraceae)]. Here we have investigated whether genotypic variation in constitutive and inducible resistance to WFT correlates with phenotypic differences in leaf trichome density and the activity of the defense-related enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in chrysanthemum. Non-glandular and glandular leaf trichome densities significantly varied among ninety-five chrysanthemum cultivars. Additional analyses in a subset of these cultivars, differing in leaf trichome density, revealed significant variation in PPO activities and resistance to WFT as well. Constitutive levels of trichome densities and PPO activity, however, did not correlate with chrysanthemum resistance to WFT. Further tests showed that exogenous application of the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) increased non-glandular trichome densities, PPO activity and chrysanthemum resistance to WFT, and that these effects were cultivar dependent. In addition, no tradeoff between constitutive and inducible resistance to WFT was observed. JA-mediated induction of WFT resistance, however, did not correlate with changes in leaf trichome densities nor PPO activity levels. Taken together, our results suggest that chrysanthemum can display both high levels of constitutive and inducible resistance to WFT, and that leaf trichome density and PPO activity may not play a relevant role in chrysanthemum defenses against WFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Research Group Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Cluster Plant Sciences and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Peter G L Klinkhamer
- Research Group Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Cluster Plant Sciences and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rocío Escobar-Bravo
- Research Group Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Cluster Plant Sciences and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
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Peco JD, Campos JA, Romero-Puertas MC, Olmedilla A, Higueras P, Sandalio LM. Characterization of mechanisms involved in tolerance and accumulation of Cd in Biscutella auriculata L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110784. [PMID: 32485494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Biscutella auriculata L. is one of the rare species that is able to grow in a very contaminated mining area in Villamayor de Calatrava (Ciudad Real, Spain). In an effort to understand the mechanisms involved in the tolerance of this plant to high metal concentrations, we grew B. auriculata in the presence of 125 μM Cd(NO3)2 for 15 days and analysed different parameters associated with plant growth, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species metabolism, metal uptake and translocation, photosynthesis rate and biothiol (glutathione and phytochelatins) content. Treatment with Cd led to growth inhibition in both the leaves and the roots, as well as a reduction of photosynthetic parameters, transpiration and stomatal conductance. The metal was mainly accumulated in the roots and in the vascular tissue, although most Cd was detected in areas surrounding their epidermal cells, while in the leaves the metal accumulated mainly in spongy mesophyll, stomata and trichrome. Based on the Cd bioaccumulation (5.93) and translocation (0.15) factors, this species denoted enrichment of the metal in the roots and its low translocation to the upper tissues. Biothiol analysis showed a Cd-dependent increase of reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as the phytochelatins (PC2 and PC3) in both roots and leaves. Cd-promoted oxidative damage occurred mainly in the leaves due to disturbances in enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, while the roots did not show significant damage as a result of induction of antioxidant defences. It can be concluded that B. auriculata is a new Cd-tolerant plant with an ability to activate efficient metal-sequestering mechanisms in the root surface and leaves and to induce PCs, as well as antioxidative defences in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Peco
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM). Ronda de Calatrava, 7, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Instituto de Geología Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM). Plaza de Manuel Meca, 1, 13400, Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J A Campos
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM). Ronda de Calatrava, 7, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Instituto de Geología Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM). Plaza de Manuel Meca, 1, 13400, Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - A Olmedilla
- Department of Biochemistry Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - P Higueras
- Instituto de Geología Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM). Plaza de Manuel Meca, 1, 13400, Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - L M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
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Galdon-Armero J, Arce-Rodriguez L, Downie M, Li J, Martin C. A Scanning Electron Micrograph-based Resource for Identification of Loci Involved in Epidermal Development in Tomato: Elucidation of a New Function for the Mixta-like Transcription Factor in Leaves. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1414-1433. [PMID: 32169962 PMCID: PMC7203947 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The aerial epidermis of plants plays a major role in environmental interactions, yet the development of the cellular components of the aerial epidermis-trichomes, stomata, and pavement cells-is still not fully understood. We have performed a detailed screen of the leaf epidermis in two generations of the well-established Solanum lycopersicum cv M82 × Solanum pennellii ac. LA716 introgression line (IL) population using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Quantification of trichome and stomatal densities in the ILs revealed four genomic regions with a consistently low trichome density. This study also found ILs with abnormal proportions of different trichome types and aberrant trichome morphologies. This work has led to the identification of new, unexplored genomic regions with roles in trichome formation in tomato. This study investigated one interval in IL2-6 in more detail and identified a new function for the transcription factor SlMixta-like in determining trichome patterning in leaves. This illustrates how these SEM images, publicly available to the research community, provide an important dataset for further studies on epidermal development in tomato and other species of the Solanaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Galdon-Armero
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Lisette Arce-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, 36824 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Matthew Downie
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Cathie Martin
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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do Nascimento CWA, Hesterberg D, Tappero R, Nicholas S, da Silva FBV. Citric acid-assisted accumulation of Ni and other metals by Odontarrhena muralis: Implications for phytoextraction and metal foliar distribution assessed by μ-SXRF. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114025. [PMID: 32004964 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Odontarrhena muralis is one of the most promissing plant species for Ni phytomining, and soil amendments can further increase its Ni phytoextraction ability. Here we investigated whether Ni phytomining/phytoremediation using this Ni hyperaccumulator can benefit from applying citric acid to a serpentine soil that is naturally enriched in Ni (>1000 mg kg-1). Synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-SXRF) was used to image Ni and other metal distributions in whole fresh leaves of O. muralis. Leaf Ni accumulation in plants grown on citric acid-amended soil increased up to 55% while Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations were 4-, 14-, 6-, 7- and 1.3-fold higher than the control treatment. O. muralis presented high bioconcentration factors (leaf to soil concentration ratio) to Ni and Zn whereas Cr was seemingly excluded from uptake. The μ-SXRF images showed a uniform distribution of Ni, preferential localization of Co in the leaf tip, and clear concentration of Mn in the base of trichomes. The citric acid treatments strongly increased the Co fluoerescence intensity in the leaf tip and altered the spatial distribution of Mn across the leaf, but there was no difference in Ni fluorescence counts between the trichome-base region and the bulk leaf. Our data from a serpentine soil suggests that citrate treatment enhances Ni uptake, but Co is excreted from leaves even in low leaf concentrations, which can make Co phytoming using O. muralis unfeasible in natural serpentine soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- North Carolina State University, Crop and Soil Sciences Department, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ryan Tappero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, NSLS-II, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Sarah Nicholas
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, NSLS-II, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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Xuan L, Yan T, Lu L, Zhao X, Wu D, Hua S, Jiang L. Genome-wide association study reveals new genes involved in leaf trichome formation in polyploid oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:675-691. [PMID: 31889328 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf trichomes protect against various biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, there is little knowledge about this trait in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Here, we demonstrated that hairy leaves were less attractive to Plutella xylostella larvae than glabrous leaves. We established a core germplasm collection with 290 accessions for a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the leaf trichome trait in oilseed rape. We compared the transcriptomes of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) between hairy- and glabrous-leaf genotypes to narrow down the candidate genes identified by GWAS. The single nucleotide polymorphisms and the different transcript levels of BnaA.GL1.a, BnaC.SWEET4.a, BnaC.WAT1.a and BnaC.WAT1.b corresponded to the divergence of the hairy- and glabrous-leaf phenotypes, indicating the role of sugar and/or auxin signalling in leaf trichome initiation. The hairy-leaf SAMs had lower glucose and sucrose contents but higher expression of putative auxin responsive factors than the glabrous-leaf SAMs. Spraying of exogenous auxin (8 μm) increased leaf trichome number in certain genotypes, whereas spraying of sucrose (1%) plus glucose (6%) slightly repressed leaf trichome initiation. These data contribute to the existing knowledge about the genetic control of leaf trichomes and would assist breeding towards the desired leaf surface type in oilseed rape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Xuan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Lu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinze Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dezhi Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuijin Hua
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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