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Cirlini M, Righetti L, Del Vecchio L, Tonni E, Lucini L, Dall’Asta C, Galaverna G. Untargeted Metabolomics of Meat Digests: Its Potential to Differentiate Pork Depending on the Feeding Regimen. Molecules 2023; 28:7306. [PMID: 37959726 PMCID: PMC10650005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat quality seems to be influenced by the dietary regimes applied for animal feeding. Several research studies are aimed at improving meat quality, preserving it from oxidative processes, by the incorporation of antioxidant components in animal feeding. The main part of these studies evaluates meat quality, determining different parameters directly on meat, while few research studies take into account what may happen after meat ingestion. To address this topic, in this study, an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion protocol was applied to two different pork muscles, longissimus dorsi and rectus femoris, obtained from pigs fed with different diets. In detail, two groups of 12 animals each were subjected to either a conventional diet or a supplemented diet with extruded linseeds as a source of omega-3 fatty acids and plant extracts as a source of phenolics antioxidant compounds. The digested meat was subjected to an untargeted metabolomics approach. Several metabolites deriving from lipid and protein digestion were detected. Our untargeted approach allowed for discriminating the two different meat cuts, based on their metabolomic profiles. Nonetheless, multivariate statistics allowed clearly discriminating between samples obtained from different animal diets. In particular, the inclusion of linseeds and polyphenols in the animal diet led to a decrease in metabolites generated from oxidative degradation reactions, in comparison to the conventional diet group. In the latter, fatty acyls, fatty aldehydes and oxylipins, as well as cholesterol and vitamin D3 precursors and derivatives, could be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cirlini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.R.); (L.D.V.); (E.T.); (C.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.R.); (L.D.V.); (E.T.); (C.D.); (G.G.)
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Del Vecchio
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.R.); (L.D.V.); (E.T.); (C.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Elena Tonni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.R.); (L.D.V.); (E.T.); (C.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Chiara Dall’Asta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.R.); (L.D.V.); (E.T.); (C.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.R.); (L.D.V.); (E.T.); (C.D.); (G.G.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Safety, Technologies and Innovation in Agrifood (SITEIA.PARMA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Padiglione 33, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Zhang W, He X, Chen X, Han H, Shen B, Diao M, Liu HY. Exogenous selenium promotes the growth of salt-stressed tomato seedlings by regulating ionic homeostasis, activation energy allocation and CO 2 assimilation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1206246. [PMID: 37469781 PMCID: PMC10352764 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating the effects of exogenous selenium (Se) on the ionic equilibrium and micro-domain distribution, state transitions between photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII), and the photosynthetic carbon assimilation efficiency of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) seedlings under the influence of salt stress. The application of 0.01 mmol•L-1 exogenous Se had no significant effects on the selective transport capacity of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) from the roots to leaves under salt stress. It, however, significantly hindered the absorption of Na by the root system and leaves, increased the ratios of K/Na, Ca/Na and Mg/Na, and relieved the nonuniformity of micro-domain ionic distribution, thus, mitigating the ionic homeostasis imbalance and ion toxicity induced by salt stress. Additionally, the application of exogenous Se overcame stomatal limitation, regulated the state transitions between PSI and PSII, and enhanced the initial and overall activity of Rubisco as well as the activities of Rubisco activase (RCA) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase). It also increased the levels of expression of nine relevant genes in Calvin cycle, which subsequently improved the concentration of photosynthetic substrates, balanced the distribution of activation energy between PSI and PSII, promoted the efficiency of CO2 carboxylation and carbon assimilation, thereby increasing the photosynthetic efficiency of tomato seedling leaves under salt stress. Hence, the supply of exogenous Se can alleviate the inhibition of salt stress on tomato seedling growth by rebuilding ionic homeostasis and promoting photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoling He
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongwei Han
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Bingru Shen
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ming Diao
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui-Ying Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Singh S, Chanotiya CS, Singh A, Vajpayee P, Kalra A. Role of ACC-deaminase synthesizing Trichoderma harzianum and plant growth-promoting bacteria in reducing salt-stress in Ocimum sanctum. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:815-828. [PMID: 37520812 PMCID: PMC10382467 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a significant concern in crop production, causing severe losses in agricultural yields. Ocimum sanctum, also known as Holy Basil, is an important ancient medicinal plant used in the Indian traditional system of medicine. The present study explores the use of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase-producing strains of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) namely Str-8 (Halomonas desiderata), Sd-6 (Brevibacterium halotolerans), Fd-2 (Achromobacter xylosoxidans), Art-7 (Burkholderia cepacia), and Ldr-2 (Bacillus subtilis), and T. harzianum (Th), possessing multi-functional properties like growth promotion, stress alleviation, and for enhancing O. sanctum yield under salt stress. The results showed that co-inoculation of Th and PGPBs enhanced plant height and fresh herb weight by 3.78-17.65% and 7.86-58.76%, respectively; highest being in Th + Fd-2 and Th + Art-7 compared to positive control plants. The doubly inoculated plants showed increased pigments, phenol, flavonoids, protein, sugar, relative water content, and nutrient uptake (Nitrogen and Phosphorous) as compared to monocultures and untreated positive control plants. In addition, co-inoculation in plants resulted in lower Na+, MDA, H2O2, CAT, APX activities, and also lower ACC accumulation (49.75 to 72.38% compared to non-treated salt- stressed plant) in O. sanctum, which probably played a significant role in minimizing the deleterious effects of salinity. Finally, multifactorial analysis showed that co-inoculation of Th and PGPBs improved O. sanctum growth, its physiological activities, and alleviated salt stress compared to single inoculated and positive control plants. These microbial consortia were evaluated for the first time on O. sanctum under salt stress. Therefore, the microbial consortia application could be employed to boost crop productivity in poor, marginalized and stressed agricultural fields. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01328-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Singh
- Department of Microbial Technology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P 226015 India
| | - Chandan Singh Chanotiya
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P 226015 India
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Department of Microbial Technology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P 226015 India
| | | | - Alok Kalra
- Department of Microbial Technology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P 226015 India
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Voutsinos-Frantzis O, Karavidas I, Petropoulos D, Zioviris G, Fortis D, Ntanasi T, Ropokis A, Karkanis A, Sabatino L, Savvas D, Ntatsi G. Effects of NaCl and CaCl 2 as Eustress Factors on Growth, Yield, and Mineral Composition of Hydroponically Grown Valerianella locusta. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1454. [PMID: 37050080 PMCID: PMC10097257 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Corn salad (Valerianella locusta) is a popular winter salad, cultivated as an ingredient for ready-to-eat salads. The application of mild salinity stress (eustress) can increase the flavor and reduce the nitrate content of certain crops but, at the same time, a wrong choice of the eustress type and dose can negatively affect the overall productivity. In this research, the effects of different isosmotic salt solutions, corresponding to two different electrical conductivity (EC) levels, were investigated on the yield and mineral composition of hydroponically grown Valerianella locusta "Elixir". Five nutrient solutions (NS) were compared, including a basic NS used as the control, and four saline NS were obtained by adding to the basic NS either NaCl or CaCl2 at two rates each, corresponding to two isosmotic salt levels at a low and high EC level. Corn salad proved moderately susceptible to long-term salinity stress, suffering growth losses at both low and high EC levels of saline solution, except from the low NaCl treatment. Hence, it appears that mild salinity stress induced by NaCl could be employed as an eustress solution and corn salad could be cultivated with low-quality irrigation water (20 mM NaCl) in hydroponic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orfeas Voutsinos-Frantzis
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karavidas
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Zioviris
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Fortis
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Ntanasi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Ropokis
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Anestis Karkanis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Leo Sabatino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Savvas
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Carillo P, Rouphael Y. Nitrate Uptake and Use Efficiency: Pros and Cons of Chloride Interference in the Vegetable Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:899522. [PMID: 35783949 PMCID: PMC9244799 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.899522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Over the past five decades, nitrogen (N) fertilization has been an essential tool for boosting crop productivity in agricultural systems. To avoid N pollution while preserving the crop yields and profit margins for farmers, the scientific community is searching for eco-sustainable strategies aimed at increasing plants' nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The present article provides a refined definition of the NUE based on the two important physiological factors (N-uptake and N-utilization efficiency). The diverse molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the processes of N assimilation, translocation, transport, accumulation, and reallocation are revisited and critically discussed. The review concludes by examining the N uptake and NUE in tandem with chloride stress and eustress, the latter being a new approach toward enhancing productivity and functional quality of the horticultural crops, particularly facilitated by soilless cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Quitadamo F, De Simone V, Beleggia R, Trono D. Chitosan-Induced Activation of the Antioxidant Defense System Counteracts the Adverse Effects of Salinity in Durum Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1365. [PMID: 34371568 PMCID: PMC8309458 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out with the aim of (i) evaluating the effect of chitosan (CTS) on the growth of durum wheat under salinity and (ii) examining CTS-regulated mechanisms of salinity tolerance associated with the antioxidant defense system. To achieve these goals, durum wheat seedlings were treated with CTS at different molecular weight, low (L-CTS, 50-190 kDa), medium (M-CTS, 190-310 kDa) and high (H-CTS, 310-375 kDa). The results obtained show that exposure to 200 mM NaCl reduced the shoot and the root dried biomass by 38% and 59%, respectively. The growth impairment induced by salinity was strongly correlated with an increase in the superoxide anion production (5-fold), hydrogen peroxide content (2-fold) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (4-fold). Seedlings responded to the oxidative stress triggered by salinity with an increase in the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) by 67%, 51% and 32%, respectively. A salt-induced increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT) of 89% and 86%, respectively, was also observed. Treatment of salt-stressed seedlings with exogenous CTS significantly promoted seedling growth, with the strongest effects observed for L-CTS and M-CTS, which increased the shoot biomass of stressed seedlings by 32% and 44%, respectively, whereas the root dried biomass increased by 87% and 64%, respectively. L-CTS and M-CTS treatments also decreased the superoxide anion production (57% and 59%, respectively), the hydrogen peroxide content (35% and 38%, respectively) and the MDA content (48% and 56%, respectively) and increased the TPC (23% and 14%, respectively), the TFC (19% and 10%, respectively), the TAA (up to 10% and 7%, respectively) and the CAT activity (29% and 20%, respectively). Overall, our findings indicate that CTS exerts its protective role against the oxidative damages induced by salinity by enhancing the antioxidant defense system. L-CTS and M-CTS were the most effective in alleviating the adverse effect of NaCl, thus demonstrating that the CTS action is strictly related to its molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniela Trono
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e, Colture Industriali, S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.Q.); (V.D.S.); (R.B.)
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Sarri E, Termentzi A, Abraham EM, Papadopoulos GK, Baira E, Machera K, Loukas V, Komaitis F, Tani E. Salinity Stress Alters the Secondary Metabolic Profile of M. sativa, M. arborea and Their Hybrid (Alborea). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094882. [PMID: 34063053 PMCID: PMC8124458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased soil salinity, and therefore accumulation of ions, is one of the major abiotic stresses of cultivated plants that negatively affect their growth and yield. Among Medicago species, only Medicago truncatula, which is a model plant, has been extensively studied, while research regarding salinity responses of two important forage legumes of Medicago sativa (M. sativa) and Medicago arborea (M. arborea) has been limited. In the present work, differences between M. arborea, M. sativa and their hybrid Alborea were studied regarding growth parameters and metabolomic responses. The entries were subjected to three different treatments: (1) no NaCl application (control plants), (2) continuous application of 100 mM NaCl (acute stress) and (3) gradual application of NaCl at concentrations of 50-75-150 mM by increasing NaCl concentration every 10 days. According to the results, M. arborea maintained steady growth in all three treatments and appeared to be more resistant to salinity. Furthermore, results clearly demonstrated that M. arborea presented a different metabolic profile from that of M. sativa and their hybrid. In general, it was found that under acute and gradual stress, M. sativa overexpressed saponins in the shoots while M. arborea overexpressed saponins in the roots, which is the part of the plant where most of the saponins are produced and overexpressed. Alborea did not perform well, as more metabolites were downregulated than upregulated when subjected to salinity stress. Finally, saponins and hydroxycinnamic acids were key players of increased salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efi Sarri
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (G.K.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Aikaterini Termentzi
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (E.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Eleni M. Abraham
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George K. Papadopoulos
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (G.K.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Eirini Baira
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (E.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (E.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Vassilis Loukas
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (G.K.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Fotios Komaitis
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleni Tani
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (G.K.P.); (V.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2105294625
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Zheng X, Li Y, Xi X, Ma C, Sun Z, Yang X, Li X, Tian Y, Wang C. Exogenous Strigolactones alleviate KCl stress by regulating photosynthesis, ROS migration and ion transport in Malus hupehensis Rehd. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:113-122. [PMID: 33359960 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In recent years, the application of large amounts of potash fertilizer in apple orchards leads to worsening KCl stress. Strigolactone (SL), as a novel phytohormone, reportedly participates in plant tolerance to NaCl and drought stresses. However, the underlying mechanism and the effects of exogenous SL on the KCl stress of apple seedlings remain unclear. METHODS We sprayed different concentrations of exogenous SL on Malus hupehensis Rehd. under KCl stress and measured the physiological indexes like, photosynthetic parameter, content of ROS, osmolytes and mineral element. In addition, the expressions of KCl-responding genes and SL-signaling genes were also detected and analyzed. RESULTS Application of exogenous SL protected the chlorophyll and maintained the photosynthetic rate of apple seedlings under KCl stress. Exogenous SL strengthened the enzyme activities of peroxidase and catalase, thereby eliminating reactive oxygen species production induced by KCl stress, promoting the accumulation of proline, and maintaining osmotic balance. Exogenous SL expelled K+ outside of the cytoplasm and compartmentalized K+ into the vacuole, increased the contents of Na+, Mg2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+ in the cytoplasm to maintain the ion homeostasis under KCl stress. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous SL can regulate photosynthesis, ROS migration and ion transport in apple seedlings to alleviate KCl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiangli Xi
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhijuan Sun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xueqing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yike Tian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Physiological and Nutraceutical Quality of Green and Red Pigmented Lettuce in Response to NaCl Concentration in Two Successive Harvests. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10091358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional eustress such as salinity or nutrient stress applied in soilless systems, is a convenient pre-harvest factor efficient in modulating the phytochemical components of horticultural crops, by triggering defensive mechanisms and accumulating plant secondary metabolites in plants tissues. Nevertheless, genetic material (cultivars with different pigmentation) dictates lettuce metabolites and physiological response to extrinsic eustress, with red leaf cultivars being highly nutrient packed notwithstanding the stress. Product quality can be meliorated equally by applying several cuts, a practice proven to increase bioactive compounds accumulation. In this study, we analyzed the effects of four salinity levels (1, 10, 20 and 30 mM NaCl) on green and red pigmented Salad Bowl lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. acephala) in two successive harvests cultivated in a floating raft system. The morphological parameters, mineral composition, leaf gas exchanges, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of both cultivars were assessed. The green cultivar exhibited superior crop productivity but was more prone to salinity effect than the red cultivar. Irrespective of cultivar and cut order, the net photosynthesis decreased with increasing salinity in the nutrient solution. The second cut incurred higher dry biomass, greater accumulation of most minerals and higher photosynthetic activity. In red lettuce, 20 mM NaCl proved adequate eustress to increase phytonutrients and beneficial minerals (K, Ca, and Mg) with minimal loss of yield. Mild salinity and sequential harvest have proven effective pre-harvest tools in positively modulating the quality of lettuce. Eustress interaction with genotype was demonstrated as a promising field for future breeding programs targeting select genotypes for agronomic application of eustress to improve the nutraceutical value of vegetable crops.
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10
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Rocchetti G, Lucini L, Corrado G, Colla G, Cardarelli M, Pascale SD, Rouphael Y. Phytochemical Profile, Mineral Content, and Bioactive Compounds in Leaves of Seed-Propagated Artichoke Hybrid Cultivars. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173795. [PMID: 32825446 PMCID: PMC7503254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. Scolymus (L.) Hegi) is a multi-year species rich in various classes of phytochemicals with known nutritional and pharmacological properties, such as polyphenols, sesquiterpene lactones, and terpenoids. Over the last decade, hybrids cultivars are transforming the artichoke market for their higher uniformity and stability over the traditional landraces, further increasing the potential of the artichoke as a source of commercial extracts and bioactive molecules. Our aim was to investigate the mineral and phytochemical profiles of leaves from seven seed-propagated hybrids by using an untargeted metabolomic approach based on ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Metabolomics identified several compounds in the tested varieties, namely 98 polyphenols, 123 sesquiterpene lactones, and 221 other metabolites. The phenolic content ranged from 3.01 mg Eq./g fw (for 'Opera') to 4.71 mg Eq./g fw (for 'Opal'). Sesquiterpene lactones were, on average, 2.11 mg Eq./g fw. Multivariate statistics (HCA, PCA and OPLS-DA) highlighted the main metabolomics differences among cultivars, which weakly correlated with their agronomic classification. The seven cultivars showed distinctive metabolomics profiles, with 'Opal' and 'Istar' being the most valuable hybrids. The 3-hydroxyphenyl-valeric acid (a medium-chain fatty acid) and the 6-Gingesulfonic acid (a methoxyphenol) were the most discriminant markers. Our findings illustrated the quantitative and qualitative variation of several classes of phytochemicals in seed-propagated artichoke cultivars and allowed identifying distinctive metabolic signatures for both phenolic compounds and sesquiterpene lactones. This work supports the exploitation of the artichoke leaves from hybrid cultivars as a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (Y.R.)
| | - Giandomenico Corrado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (G.C.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- CREA-Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy;
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (G.C.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (G.C.); (S.D.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (Y.R.)
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11
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Astolfi S, Pii Y, Mimmo T, Lucini L, Miras-Moreno MB, Coppa E, Violino S, Celletti S, Cesco S. Single and Combined Fe and S Deficiency Differentially Modulate Root Exudate Composition in Tomato: A Double Strategy for Fe Acquisition? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114038. [PMID: 32516916 PMCID: PMC7312093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe chlorosis is considered as one of the major constraints on crop growth and yield worldwide, being particularly worse when associated with S shortage, due to the tight link between Fe and S. Plant adaptation to inadequate nutrient availabilities often relies on the release of root exudates that enhance nutrients, mobilization from soil colloids and favour their uptake by roots. This work aims at characterizing the exudomic profile of hydroponically grown tomato plants subjected to either single or combined Fe and S deficiency, as well as at shedding light on the regulation mechanisms underlying Fe and S acquisition processes by plants. Root exudates have been analysed by untargeted metabolomics, through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as well as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following derivatization. More than 200 metabolites could be putatively annotated. Venn diagrams show that 23%, 10% and 21% of differential metabolites are distinctively modulated by single Fe deficiency, single S deficiency or combined Fe-S deficiency, respectively. Interestingly, for the first time, a mugineic acid derivative is detected in dicot plants root exudates. The results seem to support the hypothesis of the co-existence of the two Fe acquisition strategies in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Astolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (S.V.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Youry Pii
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (Y.P.); (T.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (Y.P.); (T.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.L.); (M.B.M.-M.)
| | - Maria B. Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.L.); (M.B.M.-M.)
| | - Eleonora Coppa
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (S.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Simona Violino
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (S.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Celletti
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (S.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (Y.P.); (T.M.); (S.C.)
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12
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Chatzigianni M, Ntatsi G, Theodorou M, Stamatakis A, Livieratos I, Rouphael Y, Savvas D. Functional Quality, Mineral Composition and Biomass Production in Hydroponic Spiny Chicory ( Cichorium spinosum L.) Are Modulated Interactively by Ecotype, Salinity and Nitrogen Supply. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1040. [PMID: 31555310 PMCID: PMC6727868 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The hydroponic cultivation of spiny chicory (Cichorium spinosum L.), also known as stamnagathi, allows the development of year-round production. In the current study, two contrasting stamnagathi ecotypes originating from a montane and a coastal-marine habitat were supplied with nutrient solution containing 4 or 16 mM total-N in combination with 0.3, 20, or 40 mM NaCl. The primary aim of the experiment was to provide insight into salinity tolerance and nutrient needs in the two ecotypes, thereby contributing to breeding of more resilient cultivars to salinity and nutrient stress. Nutritional qualities of the stamnagathi genotypes were also tested. The coastal-marine ecotype was more salt tolerant in terms of fresh shoot biomass production and contained significantly more water and macro- and micro-nutrients in the shoot per dry weight unit. The root Na+ concentration was markedly lower in the coastal-marine compared to the montane ecotype. The leaf Na+ concentration was similar in both ecotypes at external NaCl concentrations up to 20 mM, but significantly higher in the montane compared to the coastal-marine ecotype at 40 mM NaCl. However, the leaf Cl- concentration was consistently higher in the coastal-marine than in the montane ecotype within each salinity level. The marine ecotype also exhibited significantly less total phenols, carotenoids, flavonoids, and chlorophyll compared to the montane ecotype across all treatments. Integrating all findings, it appears that at moderate salinity levels (20 mM), the higher salt tolerance of the coastal-marine ecotype is associated with mechanisms mitigating Na+ and Cl- toxicity within the leaf tissues, such as salt dilution imposed through increased leaf succulence. Nevertheless, at high external NaCl levels, Na+ exclusion may also contribute to enhanced salt tolerance of stamnagathi. Both ecotypes exhibited a high N-use efficiency, as their shoot biomass was not restricted when the total-N supply varied from 16 to 4 mM. The leaf organic-N was not influenced by salinity, while the interaction ecotype × N-supply-level was insignificant, indicating that the mechanisms involved in the salt tolerance difference between the two ecotypes was not linked with N-acquisition or -assimilation within the plant. The current results indicate that both ecotypes are promising germplasm resources for future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Chatzigianni
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Laboratory of Soil Science and Plant Diagnostics, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Theodorou
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Laboratory of Soil Science and Plant Diagnostics, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Aristidis Stamatakis
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Laboratory of Soil Science and Plant Diagnostics, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Ioannis Livieratos
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Laboratory of Soil Science and Plant Diagnostics, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Savvas
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Romanini E, Colangelo D, Lucini L, Lambri M. Identifying chemical parameters and discriminant phenolic compounds from metabolomics to gain insight into the oxidation status of bottled white wines. Food Chem 2019; 288:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Sharma A, Shahzad B, Rehman A, Bhardwaj R, Landi M, Zheng B. Response of Phenylpropanoid Pathway and the Role of Polyphenols in Plants under Abiotic Stress. Molecules 2019; 24:E2452. [PMID: 31277395 PMCID: PMC6651195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 694] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are an important class of plant secondary metabolites which play crucial physiological roles throughout the plant life cycle. Phenolics are produced under optimal and suboptimal conditions in plants and play key roles in developmental processes like cell division, hormonal regulation, photosynthetic activity, nutrient mineralization, and reproduction. Plants exhibit increased synthesis of polyphenols such as phenolic acids and flavonoids under abiotic stress conditions, which help the plant to cope with environmental constraints. Phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway is activated under abiotic stress conditions (drought, heavy metal, salinity, high/low temperature, and ultraviolet radiations) resulting in accumulation of various phenolic compounds which, among other roles, have the potential to scavenge harmful reactive oxygen species. Deepening the research focuses on the phenolic responses to abiotic stress is of great interest for the scientific community. In the present article, we discuss the biochemical and molecular mechanisms related to the activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism and we describe phenolic-mediated stress tolerance in plants. An attempt has been made to provide updated and brand-new information about the response of phenolics under a challenging environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Babar Shahzad
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Korea
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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15
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Rocchetti G, Lucini L, Giuberti G, Bhumireddy SR, Mandal R, Trevisan M, Wishart DS. Transformation of polyphenols found in pigmented gluten-free flours during in vitro large intestinal fermentation. Food Chem 2019; 298:125068. [PMID: 31260977 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, 18 gluten-free flours (prepared from cereals, pseudocereals and legumes), differing in pigmentation, were screened for their phenolic profiles, cooked and, then, subjected to digestion and large intestinal fermentation in vitro. A combined targeted/untargeted metabolomic approach was used to elucidate the microbial biotransformation processes of polyphenols following digestion. This preliminary work demonstrated an increase in 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (on average from 0.67 up to 1.30 μmol/g dry matter) throughout large intestinal fermentation of pseudocereals (esp. quinoa), due to their high alkylresorcinol contents. Isoflavones were converted into equol- or O-desmethylangolensin- derivatives, whereas anthocyanins were degraded into lower-molecular-weight phenolics (i.e., protocatechuic aldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, with the latter exhibiting the highest increase over time). A decreasing trend was observed for antioxidant activities (i.e., FRAP and ORAC values) moving from digested to faecal fermented samples. These findings highlight that gluten-free flours are able to deliver bioaccessible polyphenols to the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy; Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Giuberti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy
| | | | - Rupasri Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy
| | - David S Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8, Canada
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16
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Cirillo C, De Micco V, Arena C, Carillo P, Pannico A, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Biochemical, Physiological and Anatomical Mechanisms of Adaptation of Callistemon citrinus and Viburnum lucidum to NaCl and CaCl 2 Salinization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:742. [PMID: 31214238 PMCID: PMC6558163 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Callistemon citrinus and Viburnum lucidum are appreciated and widespread ornamental shrubs for their abundant flowering and/or brilliant foliage. The intrinsic tolerance to drought/salinity supports their use in urban areas and in xeriscaping. Despite adaptive responses of these ornamental species to sodium chloride (NaCl) have been extensively explored, little is known on the effects of other salt solution, yet iso-osmotic, on their growth, mineral composition and metabolism. The present research was aimed to assess responses at the biochemical, physiological and anatomical levels to iso-osmotic salt solutions of NaCl and CaCl2 to discriminate the effects of osmotic stress and ion toxicity. The two ornamental species developed different salt-tolerance mechanisms depending on the salinity sources. The growth parameters and biomass production decreased under salinization in both ornamental species, independently of the type of salt, with a detrimental effect of CaCl2 on C. citrinus. The adaptive mechanisms adopted by the two ornamental species to counteract the NaCl salinity were similar, and the decline in growth was mostly related to stomatal limitations of net CO2 assimilation rate, together with the reduction in leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD index). The stronger reduction of C. citrinus growth compared to V. lucidum, was due to an exacerbated reduction in net photosynthetic rate, driven by both stomatal and non stomatal limitations. In similar conditions, V. lucidum exhibited other additional adaptive response, such as modification in leaf functional anatomical traits, mostly related to the reduction in the stomata size allowing plants a better control of stomata opening than in C. citrinus. However, C. citrinus plants displayed an increased ability to retain higher Cl- levels in leaves than in roots under CaCl2 salinity compared to V. lucidum, thus, indicating a further attempt to counteract chloride toxicity through an increased vacuolar compartmentalization and to take advantages of them as chip osmotica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica De Micco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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17
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Livigni S, Lucini L, Sega D, Navacchi O, Pandolfini T, Zamboni A, Varanini Z. The different tolerance to magnesium deficiency of two grapevine rootstocks relies on the ability to cope with oxidative stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:148. [PMID: 30991946 PMCID: PMC6469136 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg) deficiency causes physiological and molecular responses, already dissected in several plant species. The study of these responses among genotypes showing a different tolerance to the Mg shortage can allow identifying the mechanisms underlying the resistance to this nutritional disorder. To this aim, we compared the physiological and molecular responses (e.g. changes in root metabolome and transcriptome) of two grapevine rootstocks exhibiting, in field, different behaviors with respect to Mg shortage (1103P, tolerant and SO4 susceptible). RESULTS The two grapevine rootstocks confirmed, in a controlled growing system, their behavior in relation to the tolerance to Mg deficiency. Differences in metabolite and transcriptional profiles between the roots of the two genotypes were mainly linked to antioxidative compounds and the cell wall constituents. In addition, differences in secondary metabolism, in term of both metabolites (e.g. alkaloids, terpenoids and phenylpropanoids) and transcripts, assessed between 1103P and SO4 suggest a different behavior in relation to stress responses particularly at early stages of Mg deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that the higher ability of 1103P to tolerate Mg shortage is mainly linked to its capability of coping, faster and more efficiently, with the oxidative stress condition caused by the nutritional disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Livigni
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Davide Sega
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Pandolfini
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Anita Zamboni
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Zeno Varanini
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Karadžić Banjac MŽ, Kovačević SZ, Jevrić LR, Podunavac‐Kuzmanović SO, Tepić Horecki AN, Vidović SS, Šumić ZM, Ilin ŽM, Adamović BD, Kuljanin TA. Artificial neural network modeling of the antioxidant activity of lettuce submitted to different postharvest conditions. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lidija R. Jevrić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
| | | | | | - Senka S. Vidović
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Zdravko M. Šumić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Žarko M. Ilin
- Faculty of Agriculture University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
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19
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Rouphael Y, Kyriacou MC, Carillo P, Pizzolongo F, Romano R, Sifola MI. Chemical Eustress Elicits Tailored Responses and Enhances the Functional Quality of Novel Food Perilla frutescens. Molecules 2019; 24:E185. [PMID: 30621323 PMCID: PMC6337370 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumer demand for fresh and functional horticultural products is on the rise. Perilla frutescens, L. Britt (Lamiaceae) is a potential specialty/niche crop for consumption and therapeutic uses with high contents of phenolic and volatile compounds. Plant growth, mineral composition, polyphenol profile and aroma volatile components of two perilla genotypes in response to salinity (non-salt control, 10, 20 or 30 mM NaCl) applied as chemical eustressor were assessed. Salinity suppressed growth and yield of both genotypes, although the red-pigmented genotype was less sensitive than the green-pigmented one. Mild (10 mM NaCl) and moderate (20 and 30 mM NaCl) salinity suppressed foliar potassium, magnesium, nitrate and chlorophyll a concentrations of both genotypes and increased the levels of rosmarinic acid, total polyphenols and target aroma volatile components. Green perilla showed higher yield and biomass production and higher content of protein, dry matter, calcium, magnesium, perilla ketone and cis-jasmone, whereas red perilla exhibited higher content of potassium, chlorophyll a, rosmarinic acid, total polyphenols, perilla aldehyde and benzaldehyde. Our findings support that chemical eustressors such as mild to moderate salinity offer valuable means to manipulate phytochemical and aroma profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Marios C Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus.
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Pizzolongo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Maria Isabella Sifola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy.
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20
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Lucini L, Colla G, Miras Moreno MB, Bernardo L, Cardarelli M, Terzi V, Bonini P, Rouphael Y. Inoculation of Rhizoglomus irregulare or Trichoderma atroviride differentially modulates metabolite profiling of wheat root exudates. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 157:158-167. [PMID: 30408729 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Root exudation patterns are linked to, among other things, plant growth, plant-microbe interaction and the priming effect. In this work, two complementary metabolomic approaches (both liquid and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry) were applied to investigate the modulation of root exudation imposed by two beneficial fungi (substrate treatment of Trichoderma atroviride AT10, substrate application of Rhizoglomus irregulare BEG72 and seed treatment with T. atroviride AT10) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The inoculation with R. irregulare elicited significant increases (by 18%, 39% and 20%) in the shoot, root dry biomass and root-to-shoot ratio compared to untreated plants, whereas inoculation with T. atroviride, as a substrate drench or as a seed coating, exhibited intermediate values for these parameters. The metabolomic approach demonstrated a broad chemical diversity, with more than 2900 compounds annotated in the root exudates. Overall, the Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) supervised modelling highlighted a distinctive modulation of the metabolic profile in the root exudates as a function of both fungal inoculation and means of application. Most of the differences could be ascribed to lipids (sterols and membrane lipids), phenolic compounds and terpenoids, siderophores and chelating acids, derivatives of amino acids and phytohormones, and as such, the interaction between the wheat roots and beneficial fungi resulted in a complex response in terms of root exudates, likely involving a cascade of processes. Nonetheless, the changes imposed by plant-microbe interactions can contribute to the support of the biostimulant effects of both T. atroviride and R. irregulare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Begoña Miras Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Letizia Bernardo
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Pontecagnano, Italy
| | - Valeria Terzi
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca Genomica e Bioinformatica, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | | | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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Fang C, Li L, Zhang P, Wang D, Yang L, Reza BM, Lin W. Lsi1 modulates the antioxidant capacity of rice and protects against ultraviolet-B radiation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 278:96-106. [PMID: 30471734 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) enhances the resistance of rice to biotic and abiotic stress. In rice, the accumulation of Si is controlled by the low silicon rice 1 (Lsi1) gene; overexpression of Lsi1 (Lsi1-OX) increases Si uptake and accumulation, while the reverse is observed in Lsi1-RNA interference (Lsi1-RNAi) transgenic rice. When the two transgenic rice lines and wild-type (WT) rice were exposed to ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation, the Lsi1-OX or Lsi1-RNAi rice showed differential microRNA (miRNA) expression, compared to WT rice. These miRNAs were predicted to target genes involved in light signal transduction and cell detoxification. The greatest capacities of ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and highest contents of phenolics, flavonoids, and proline were found in Lsi1-OX rice, followed by WT rice and Lsi1-RNAi transgenic rice. A further comparison of the transcript levels of individual PAL genes revealed that the expression of PAL2-2 (Os02g0626400) was positively regulated by Lsi1. Our results demonstrate that Lsi1 overexpression or interference causes changes in both miRNA expression and antioxidant capacity in rice, and therefore modulates rice tolerance to UV-B radiation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PAL2-2 was positively regulated by Lsi1 during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxun Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Pengli Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Dahong Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Luke Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Boorboori Mohammad Reza
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China.
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22
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Paul K, Sorrentino M, Lucini L, Rouphael Y, Cardarelli M, Bonini P, Miras Moreno MB, Reynaud H, Canaguier R, Trtílek M, Panzarová K, Colla G. A Combined Phenotypic and Metabolomic Approach for Elucidating the Biostimulant Action of a Plant-Derived Protein Hydrolysate on Tomato Grown Under Limited Water Availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:493. [PMID: 31130970 PMCID: PMC6509618 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived protein hydrolysates (PHs) are an important category of biostimulants able to increase plant growth and crop yield especially under environmental stress conditions. PHs can be applied as foliar spray or soil drench. Foliar spray is generally applied to achieve a relatively short-term response, whereas soil drench is used when a long-term effect is desired. The aim of the study was to elucidate the biostimulant action of PH application method (foliar spray or substrate drench) on morpho-physiological traits and metabolic profile of tomato grown under limited water availability. An untreated control was also included. A high-throughput image-based phenotyping (HTP) approach was used to non-destructively monitor the crop response under limited water availability (40% of container capacity) in a controlled environment. Moreover, metabolic profile of leaves was determined at the end of the trial. Dry biomass of shoots at the end of the trial was significantly correlated with number of green pixels (R 2 = 0.90) and projected shoot area, respectively. Both drench and foliar treatments had a positive impact on the digital biomass compared to control while the photosynthetic performance of the plants was slightly influenced by treatments. Overall drench application under limited water availability more positively influenced biomass accumulation and metabolic profile than foliar application. Significantly higher transpiration use efficiency was observed with PH-drench applications indicating better stomatal conductance. The mass-spectrometry based metabolomic analysis allowed the identification of distinct biochemical signatures in PH-treated plants. Metabolomic changes involved a wide and organized range of biochemical processes that included, among others, phytohormones (notably a decrease in cytokinins and an accumulation of salicylates) and lipids (including membrane lipids, sterols, and terpenes). From a general perspective, treated tomato plants exhibited an improved tolerance to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative imbalance. Such capability to cope with oxidative stress might have resulted from a coordinated action of signaling compounds (salicylic acid and hydroxycinnamic amides), radical scavengers such as carotenoids and prenyl quinones, as well as a reduced biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole coproporphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Paul
- Photon Systems Instruments, spol. s.r.o., Drásov, Czechia
| | | | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
| | | | - Maria Begoña Miras Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | | | - Martin Trtílek
- Photon Systems Instruments, spol. s.r.o., Drásov, Czechia
| | - Klára Panzarová
- Photon Systems Instruments, spol. s.r.o., Drásov, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Klára Panzarová, Giuseppe Colla,
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
- Arcadia Srl, Rivoli Veronese, Italy
- *Correspondence: Klára Panzarová, Giuseppe Colla,
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23
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Lucini L, Baccolo G, Rouphael Y, Colla G, Bavaresco L, Trevisan M. Chitosan treatment elicited defence mechanisms, pentacyclic triterpenoids and stilbene accumulation in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) bunches. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 156:1-8. [PMID: 30149150 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The stimulation of the plant response to pathogen attack by the application of resistance inducers, called elicitors, could represent an environmentally and commercially viable alternative or complement to existing pathogen control methods. In this work, the elicitor chitosan was sprayed on grape (Vitus vinifera L.) berries growing on the vine to shed light into the elicitation mechanisms underlying its application, with untreated bunches as controls. To gain a more comprehensive picture of the complex molecular processes elicited by chitosan, a proteomic approach was complemented by target and untargeted mass spectrometric analyses. The treatment altered the regulation of reactive oxygen species, with Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and glyoxal oxidase showing up-accumulation. This might lead to an increased lignification via hypersensitive response mechanisms. Furthermore, enzymes involved in anthocyanin rather than stilbene phytoalexins accumulated in treated bunches. Stilbenes increased from 1.6 times (resveratrol) up to 3.8 times (piceid) over untreated bunches. The up accumulation of hydroperoxide lyase might lead to accumulation of oxylipins. Furthermore, the pentacyclic triterpenoids ursolate, oleanoate and betulinate increased by 1.25, 1.47 and 3.68 times in treated grape bunches (p < 0.01). Hence, the main processes underlying the response of grape fruits to chitosan treatment involved the accumulation of phenylpropanoid and triterpenoids phytoalexins, as well as the modulation of oxidative stress-related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Greta Baccolo
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Luigi Bavaresco
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Centro di Ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA antico, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
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24
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Rocchetti G, Blasi F, Montesano D, Ghisoni S, Marcotullio MC, Sabatini S, Cossignani L, Lucini L. Impact of conventional/non-conventional extraction methods on the untargeted phenolic profile of Moringa oleifera leaves. Food Res Int 2018; 115:319-327. [PMID: 30599948 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The impact of different extraction methods, namely maceration, homogenizer-assisted extraction, rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction, microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction, on polyphenols of Moringa oleifera leaves was studied. The phenolic composition of alcoholic (methanol 100%) and hydroalcoholic (methanol/water 50:50, v/v) extracts was compared by using an untargeted metabolomics-based profiling approach followed by multivariate statistics. With this aim, ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to profile phenolic compounds under the different extraction conditions. Besides, the in vitro antioxidant activities of Moringa leaves were also investigated as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The metabolomic approach allowed to putatively annotate 262 phenolic compounds. In particular, glycosidic forms of quercetin (i.e., quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, and quercetin 4'-O-glucoside) were the most represented compounds among flavonoids. Furthermore, protocatechuic acid was found to be the most abundant hydroxybenzaldheyde derivative, while the isomeric forms of hydroxybenzoic acid characterized the phenolic acids class. Overall, the extractions in methanol 100% were found to be the most effective for phenolic compounds recovering, when compared with those in methanol/water (50:50, v/v). Homogenizer-assisted extraction of M. oleifera leaves using 100% methanol allowed extracting the highest amounts of polyphenols (35.19 mg/g) and produced the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity (536.27 μmol Trolox Equivalents/g). The supervised orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis identified phenolic acids as the phenolic class mostly affected by the different extraction technologies. These findings demonstrate that each extraction method promoted the recovery of specific phenolic subclasses with different efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Blasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Ghisoni
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Marcotullio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Technology of the drug, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Technology of the drug, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lina Cossignani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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25
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Rocchetti G, Lucini L, Gallo A, Masoero F, Trevisan M, Giuberti G. Untargeted metabolomics reveals differences in chemical fingerprints between PDO and non-PDO Grana Padano cheeses. Food Res Int 2018; 113:407-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Rocchetti G, Miragoli F, Zacconi C, Lucini L, Rebecchi A. Impact of cooking and fermentation by lactic acid bacteria on phenolic profile of quinoa and buckwheat seeds. Food Res Int 2018; 119:886-894. [PMID: 30884729 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, quinoa and buckwheat cooked seeds were fermented by two autochthonous strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the corresponding seeds, namely Lactobacillus paracasei A1 2.6 and Pediococcus pentosaceus GS·B, with lactic acid chemically acidified seeds as control. The impact of cooking and fermentation on the comprehensive phenolic profile of quinoa and buckwheat seeds was evaluated through untargeted ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). Samples were analyzed also for in vitro antioxidant capacity (as FRAP and ORAC assays) and total phenolic content (TPC). The in vitro spectrophotometric assays highlighted that the microbial fermentation was more efficient in increasing (p < .05) the TPC and in vitro antioxidant potential in quinoa cooked seeds. However, an increase (p < .05) in TPC and ORAC radical scavenging was observed in both pseudocereals after the different cooking processes (i.e., boiling or toasting). The untargeted phenolic profiling depicted the comprehensive phenolic composition in these matrices. Raw seeds of both pseudocereals possessed a similar phenolic content (4.4 g kg-1 equivalents; considering free and bound fractions). Besides, the metabolomics-based approach showed that all treatments (i.e., cooking and fermentation) induced the release of specific classes, namely phenolic acids and tyrosols. The PLS-DA multivariate approach identified in flavonoids the best markers allowing to discriminate the different treatments considered (i.e., cooking, chemical acidification and microbial fermentation). These findings support the use of cooking and microbial fermentation to ensure the health-promoting properties of non-wheat grains, such as buckwheat and quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy
| | - Francesco Miragoli
- Centro Ricerche Biotecnologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Carla Zacconi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Rebecchi
- Centro Ricerche Biotecnologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Cremona 26100, Italy; Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy
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Rouphael Y, Petropoulos SA, Cardarelli M, Colla G. Salinity as eustressor for enhancing quality of vegetables. SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE 2018; 234:361-369. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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28
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Rouphael Y, Raimondi G, Lucini L, Carillo P, Kyriacou MC, Colla G, Cirillo V, Pannico A, El-Nakhel C, De Pascale S. Physiological and Metabolic Responses Triggered by Omeprazole Improve Tomato Plant Tolerance to NaCl Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:249. [PMID: 29535755 PMCID: PMC5835327 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the role of small bioactive molecules (< 500 Da) in plants is on the rise, compelled by plant scientists' attempt to unravel their mode of action implicated in stimulating growth and enhancing tolerance to environmental stressors. The current study aimed at elucidating the morphological, physiological and metabolomic changes occurring in greenhouse tomato (cv. Seny) treated with omeprazole (OMP), a benzimidazole inhibitor of animal proton pumps. The OMP was applied at three rates (0, 10, or 100 μM) as substrate drench for tomato plants grown under nonsaline (control) or saline conditions sustained by nutrient solutions of 1 or 75 mM NaCl, respectively. Increasing NaCl concentration from 1 to 75 mM decreased the tomato shoot dry weight by 49% in the 0 μM OMP treatment, whereas the reduction was not significant at 10 or 100 μM of OMP. Treatment of salinized (75 mM NaCl) tomato plants with 10 and especially 100 μM OMP decreased Na+ and Cl- while it increased Ca2+ concentration in the leaves. However, OMP was not strictly involved in ion homeostasis since the K+ to Na+ ratio did not increase under combined salinity and OMP treatment. OMP increased root dry weight, root morphological characteristics (total length and surface), transpiration, and net photosynthetic rate independently of salinity. Metabolic profiling of leaves through UHPLC liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry facilitated identification of the reprogramming of a wide range of metabolites in response to OMP treatment. Hormonal changes involved an increase in ABA, decrease in auxins and cytokinin, and a tendency for GA down accumulation. Cutin biosynthesis, alteration of membrane lipids and heightened radical scavenging ability related to the accumulation of phenolics and carotenoids were observed. Several other stress-related compounds, such as polyamine conjugates, alkaloids and sesquiterpene lactones, were altered in response to OMP. Although a specific and well-defined mechanism could not be posited, the metabolic processes involved in OMP action suggest that this small bioactive molecule might have a hormone-like activity that ultimately elicits an improved tolerance to NaCl salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Raimondi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marios C. Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Valerio Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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Lucini L, Rouphael Y, Cardarelli M, Bonini P, Baffi C, Colla G. A Vegetal Biopolymer-Based Biostimulant Promoted Root Growth in Melon While Triggering Brassinosteroids and Stress-Related Compounds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:472. [PMID: 29692795 PMCID: PMC5902679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant biostimulants are receiving great interest for boosting root growth during the first phenological stages of vegetable crops. The present study aimed at elucidating the morphological, physiological, and metabolomic changes occurring in greenhouse melon treated with the biopolymer-based biostimulant Quik-link, containing lateral root promoting peptides, and lignosulphonates. The vegetal-based biopolymer was applied at five rates (0, 0.06, 0.12, 0.24, or 0.48 mL plant-1) as substrate drench. The application of biopolymer-based biostimulant at 0.12 and 0.24 mL plant-1 enhanced dry weight of melon leaves and total biomass by 30.5 and 27.7%, respectively, compared to biopolymer applications at 0.06 mL plant-1 and untreated plants. The root dry biomass, total root length, and surface in biostimulant-treated plants were significantly higher at 0.24 mL plant-1 and to a lesser extent at 0.12 and 0.48 mL plant-1, in comparison to 0.06 mL plant-1 and untreated melon plants. A convoluted biochemical response to the biostimulant treatment was highlighted through UHPLC/QTOF-MS metabolomics, in which brassinosteroids and their interaction with other hormones appeared to play a pivotal role. Root metabolic profile was more markedly altered than leaves, following application of the biopolymer-based biostimulant. Brassinosteroids triggered in roots could have been involved in changes of root development observed after biostimulant application. These hormones, once transported to shoots, could have caused an hormonal imbalance. Indeed, the involvement of abscisic acid, cytokinins, and gibberellin related compounds was observed in leaves following root application of the biopolymer-based biostimulant. Nonetheless, the treatment triggered an accumulation of several metabolites involved in defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses, such as flavonoids, carotenoids, and glucosinolates, thus potentially improving resistance toward plant stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Baffi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giuseppe Colla,
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30
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Rouphael Y, Cardarelli M, Bonini P, Colla G. Synergistic Action of a Microbial-based Biostimulant and a Plant Derived-Protein Hydrolysate Enhances Lettuce Tolerance to Alkalinity and Salinity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:131. [PMID: 28223995 PMCID: PMC5295141 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the coming years, farmers will have to deal with growing crops under suboptimal conditions dictated by global climate changes. The application of plant biostimulants such as beneficial microorganisms and plant-derived protein hydrolysates (PHs) may represent an interesting approach for increasing crop tolerance to alkalinity and salinity. The current research aimed at elucidating the agronomical, physiological, and biochemical effects as well as the changes in mineral composition of greenhouse lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) either untreated or treated with a microbial-based biostimulant (Tablet) containing Rhizophagus intraradices and Trichoderma atroviride alone or in combination with a PH. Plants were sprayed with PH at weekly intervals with a solution containing 2.5 ml L-1 of PH. Lettuce plants were grown in sand culture and supplied with three nutrient solutions: standard, saline (25 mM NaCl) or alkaline (10 mM NaHCO3 + 0.5 g l-1 CaCO3; pH 8.1). Salt stress triggered a decrease in fresh yield, biomass production, SPAD index, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf mineral composition and increased leaf proline concentration, without altering antioxidant enzyme activities. The decrease in marketable yield and biomass production under alkali stress was not significant. Irrespective of nutrient solution, the application of Tablet and especially Tablet + PH increased fresh marketable yield, shoot and root dry weight. This was associated with an improvement in SPAD index, Fv/Fm ratio, CAT and GPX activities and a better nutritional status (higher P, K, and Fe and lower Na with NaCl and higher P and Fe with NaHCO3) via an increase of total root length and surface. The combination of microbial biostimulant with foliar application of PH synergistically increased the marketable fresh yield by 15.5 and 46.7% compared to the Tablet-treated and untreated plants, respectively. The improved crop performance of Tablet + PH application was attributed to a better root system architecture (higher total root length and surface), an improved chlorophyll synthesis and an increase in proline accumulation. Combined application of Tablet and PH could represent an effective strategy to minimize alkalinity and salinity stress in a sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Portici, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per lo Studio delle Relazioni tra Pianta e Suolo Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Tuscia University Viterbo, Italy
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31
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Albergamo A, Rotondo A, Salvo A, Pellizzeri V, Bua DG, Maggio A, Cicero N, Dugo G. Metabolite and mineral profiling of “Violetto di Niscemi” and “Spinoso di Menfi” globe artichokes by 1H-NMR and ICP-MS. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:990-999. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1258563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ambrogina Albergamo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Archimede Rotondo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Vito Pellizzeri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniel G. Bua
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Maggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, Italy
- Science4Life, Spin Off Company, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, Italy
- Science4Life, Spin Off Company, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Co.Ri.Bi.A. (Consorzio di Ricerca sul Rischio Biologico in Agricoltura- Palermo), Palermo, Italy
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32
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Rouphael Y, Bernardi J, Cardarelli M, Bernardo L, Kane D, Colla G, Lucini L. Phenolic Compounds and Sesquiterpene Lactones Profile in Leaves of Nineteen Artichoke Cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8540-8548. [PMID: 27792334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of globe artichoke are food industry byproducts gaining interest due to their therapeutic and nutraceutical potential. The total phenolics, flavonoids, and flavonols content as well as radical scavenging capacity and reducing antioxidant power were determined in leaves of 19 artichoke cultivars. An untargeted analysis based on high-resolution mass spectrometry was then carried out to profile phenolic compounds and sesquiterpene lactones (STLs). The phenolic profile of leaf extracts from different cultivars was widely diverse and included flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, tyrosols, and lignans. Grosheimin and its derivative were the most abundant STLs in all artichoke cultivars. Among the examined cultivars, "Campagnano", "Grato 1", and "Violetto di Provenza" were found to be the richest in polyphenols and presented the highest antioxidant activity, whereas "Blanca de Tudela" and "Carderas" were characterized by a high STLs content. Hence, specific artichoke cultivars can be selected as the source of natural antioxidants with a desired profile of nutraceutical compounds like phenolics and STLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , Portici, Italy
| | | | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per lo studio delle Relazioni tra Pianta e Suolo , Rome, Italy
| | | | - David Kane
- Knoell Iberia S.L., Paseo de la Castellana 95, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia , Viterbo, Italy
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