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Khlifi N, Ghabriche R, Ayachi I, Zorrig W, Ghnaya T. How does silicon alleviate Cd-induced phytotoxicity in barley, Hordeum vulgare L.? CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142739. [PMID: 38969217 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Toxic heavy metal accumulation in edible plants has become a problem worth worrying about for human health. Cadmium is one of the most toxic metals presenting high bioavailability in the environment. The main route of transfer of Cd to humans is the consumption of contaminated food which suggests that reducing of Cd absorption by plants could reduce this risk. In this context, it was suggested that silicon supply would be able to limit the transfer of Cd to the plants. Thus, this work evaluated the effects of 0.5 mM Si on Cd absorption and accumulation in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plants were grown hydroponically for 21 days in the presence of 0 and 15 μM Cd2+ combined or not with 0.5 mM Si. Analyses were related to growth and photosynthesis parameters, Cd accumulation in organs and Cd subcellular distribution in the shoots. Results showed that, under Cd alone, plants showed severe toxicity symptoms as chlorosis and necrosis and produced significantly less biomass as compared to control. 0.5 mM Si in the medium culture significantly reduced Cd-induced toxicity by mitigating symptoms and restoring growth, photosynthesis, and nutrition. Si also induced a significant reduction of Cd concentration in plants and changed its sub-cellular compartmentalization by enhancing fixation to cell walls and reducing the Cd concentration in the cytoplasmic and organelles fractions. These data suggest that the application of Si could significantly increase Cd tolerance and reduce the risk of the Cd accumulation in edible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Khlifi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Center of BorjCedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rim Ghabriche
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Center of BorjCedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ayachi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Center of BorjCedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Walid Zorrig
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Center of BorjCedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Tahar Ghnaya
- Higher Institute of Arts and Crafts of Tataouine, University of Gabes, Rue OmarrEbenkhattab, 6029, Zerig-Gabes, Tunisia; Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Promotion of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Micro-organisms, Institute of Arid Land, 4100, Medenine, University of Gabes Tunisia, Tunisia.
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2
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Gou C, Huang Q, Rady MM, Wang L, Ihtisham M, El-Awady HH, Seif M, Alazizi EMY, Eid RSM, Yan K, Tahri W, Li J, Desoky ESM, El-Sappah AH. Integrative application of silicon and/or proline improves Sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) production and antioxidant defense system under salt stress condition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18315. [PMID: 37880216 PMCID: PMC10600099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) and/or proline (Pro) are natural supplements that are considered to induce plants' stress tolerance against various abiotic stresses. Sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) production is severely afflicted by salinity stress. Therefore, two field tests were conducted to evaluate the potential effects of Si and/or Pro (6mM) used as seed soaking (SS) and/or foliar spray (FS) on Sweet corn plant growth and yield, physio-biochemical attributes, and antioxidant defense systems grown in a saline (EC = 7.14dS m-1) soil. The Si and/or Pro significantly increased growth and yield, photosynthetic pigments, free proline, total soluble sugars (TSS), K+/Na+ratios, relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), α-Tocopherol (α-TOC), Ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH), enzymatic antioxidants activities and other anatomical features as compared to controls. In contrast, electrolytes, such as SS and/or FS under salt stress compared to controls (SS and FS using tap water) were significantly decreased. The best results were obtained when SS was combined with FS via Si or Pro. These alterations are brought about by the exogenous application of Si and/or Pro rendering these elements potentially useful in aiding sweet corn plants to acclimate successfully to saline soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiming Gou
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiulan Huang
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Mostafa M Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Linghui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Muhammad Ihtisham
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Hamada H El-Awady
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Mohamed Seif
- Toxicology and Food Contaminants Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Esmail M Y Alazizi
- Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, 643000, Sichuan, China
| | - Rania S M Eid
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Banha, 13518, Egypt
| | - Kuan Yan
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Walid Tahri
- International Faculty of Applied Technology, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China.
| | - El-Sayed M Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H El-Sappah
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Melash AA, Bogale AA, Bytyqi B, Nyandi MS, Ábrahám ÉB. Nutrient management: as a panacea to improve the caryopsis quality and yield potential of durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L.) under the changing climatic conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1232675. [PMID: 37701803 PMCID: PMC10493400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1232675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing human population and the changing climate, which have given rise to frequent drought spells, pose a serious threat to global food security, while identification of high-yielding drought-tolerant genotypes coupled with nutrient management remains a proficient approach to cope with these challenges. An increase in seasonal temperature, recurring drought stress, and elevated atmospheric CO2 are alarmingly affecting durum wheat production, productivity, grain quality, and the human systems it supports. An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide can improve wheat grain yield in a certain amount, but the right amount of nutrients, water, and other required conditions should be met to realize this benefit. Nutrients including nitrogen, silicon, and sulfur supply could alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stress by enhancing antioxidant defense and improving nitrogen assimilation, although the effects on plant tolerance to drought stress varied with nitrogen ionic forms. The application of sewage sludge to durum wheat also positively impacts its drought stress tolerance by triggering high accumulation of osmoregulators, improving water retention capacity in the soil, and promoting root growth. These beneficial effect of nutrients contribute to durum wheat ability to withstand and recover from abiotic stress conditions, ultimately enhance its productivity and resilience. While these nutrients can provide benefits when applied in appropriate amounts, their excessive use can lead to adverse environmental consequences. Advanced technologies such as precision nutrient management, unmanned aerial vehicle-based spraying, and anaerobic digestion play significant roles in reducing the negative effects associated with nutrients like sewage sludge, zinc, nanoparticles and silicon fertilizers. Hence, nutrient management practices offer significant potential to enhance the caryopsis quality and yield potential of durum wheat. Through implementing tailored nutrient management strategies, farmers, breeders, and agronomists can contribute to sustainable durum wheat production, ensuring food security and maintaining the economic viability of the crop under the changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh Agezew Melash
- Kálmán Kerpely Doctoral School of Crop Production and Horticultural Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Debark University, Debark, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Assefa Bogale
- Institute of Crop Production, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Bekir Bytyqi
- Kálmán Kerpely Doctoral School of Crop Production and Horticultural Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Muhoja Sylivester Nyandi
- Kálmán Kerpely Doctoral School of Crop Production and Horticultural Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Babett Ábrahám
- Faculty of Agricultural, Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Crop Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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4
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Attipoe JQ, Khan W, Tayade R, Steven S, Islam MS, Lay L, Ghimire A, Kim H, Sereyvichea M, Propey T, Rana YB, Kim Y. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Calcium Silicate in Enhancing Soybean Growth and Yield. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112190. [PMID: 37299169 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of silicon (Si) fertilizer positively impacts crop health, yield, and seed quality worldwide. Si is a "quasi-essential" element that is crucial for plant nutrition and stress response but is less associated with growth. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Si on the yield of cultivated soybean (Glycine max L). Two locations, Gyeongsan and Gunwi, in the Republic of Korea were selected, and a land suitability analysis was performed using QGIS version 3.28.1. The experiments at both locations consisted of three treatments: the control, Si fertilizer application at 2.3 kg per plot (9 m × 9 m) (T1), and Si fertilizer application at 4.6 kg per plot (9 m × 9 m) (T2). The agronomic, root, and yield traits, as well as vegetative indices, were analyzed to evaluate the overall impact of Si. The results demonstrated that Si had consistently significant effects on most root and shoot parameters in the two experimental fields, which led to significantly increased crop yield when compared with the control, with T2 (22.8% and 25.6%, representing an output of 2.19 and 2.24 t ha-1 at Gyeongsan and Gunwi, respectively) showing a higher yield than T1 (11% and 14.2%, representing 1.98 and 2.04 t ha-1 at Gyeongsan and Gunwi, respectively). These results demonstrate the positive impact of exogenous Si application on the overall growth, morphological and physiological traits, and yield output of soybeans. However, the application of the optimal concentration of Si according to the crop requirement, soil status, and environmental conditions requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Quarshie Attipoe
- Department of Food Security and Agricultural Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Waleed Khan
- Laboratory of Crop Production, Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Rupesh Tayade
- Laboratory of Crop Production, Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Upland Field Machinery Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Senabulya Steven
- Department of Food Security and Agricultural Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Shafiqul Islam
- Laboratory of Crop Production, Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Liny Lay
- Laboratory of Crop Production, Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Ghimire
- Laboratory of Crop Production, Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hogyun Kim
- Laboratory of Crop Production, Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Muong Sereyvichea
- Department of Food Security and Agricultural Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Then Propey
- Department of Food Security and Agricultural Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yam Bahadur Rana
- Department of Food Security and Agricultural Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonha Kim
- Laboratory of Crop Production, Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Upland Field Machinery Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Plant Metabolomics: An Overview of the Role of Primary and Secondary Metabolites against Different Environmental Stress Factors. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030706. [PMID: 36983860 PMCID: PMC10051737 DOI: 10.3390/life13030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several environmental stresses, including biotic and abiotic factors, adversely affect the growth and development of crops, thereby lowering their yield. However, abiotic factors, e.g., drought, salinity, cold, heat, ultraviolet radiations (UVr), reactive oxygen species (ROS), trace metals (TM), and soil pH, are extremely destructive and decrease crop yield worldwide. It is expected that more than 50% of crop production losses are due to abiotic stresses. Moreover, these factors are responsible for physiological and biochemical changes in plants. The response of different plant species to such stresses is a complex phenomenon with individual features for several species. In addition, it has been shown that abiotic factors stimulate multi-gene responses by making modifications in the accumulation of the primary and secondary metabolites. Metabolomics is a promising way to interpret biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The study of metabolic profiling revealed different types of metabolites, e.g., amino acids, carbohydrates, phenols, polyamines, terpenes, etc, which are accumulated in plants. Among all, primary metabolites, such as amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids polyamines, and glycine betaine, are considered the major contributing factors that work as osmolytes and osmoprotectants for plants from various environmental stress factors. In contrast, plant-derived secondary metabolites, e.g., phenolics, terpenoids, and nitrogen-containing compounds (alkaloids), have no direct role in the growth and development of plants. Nevertheless, such metabolites could play a significant role as a defense by protecting plants from biotic factors such as herbivores, insects, and pathogens. In addition, they can enhance the resistance against abiotic factors. Therefore, metabolomics practices are becoming essential and influential in plants by identifying different phytochemicals that are part of the acclimation responses to various stimuli. Hence, an accurate metabolome analysis is important to understand the basics of stress physiology and biochemistry. This review provides insight into the current information related to the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on variations of various sets of metabolite levels and explores how primary and secondary metabolites help plants in response to these stresses.
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Silicon improves seed germination and seedling growth and alleviates salt stress in Medicago sativa L. by regulating seed reserve mobilization and antioxidant system defense. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Cipriano R, Martins JPR, Conde LT, da Silva MM, Silva DM, Gontijo ABPL, Falqueto AR. Anatomical and physiological responses of Aechmea blanchetiana (Bromeliaceae) induced by silicon and sodium chloride stress during in vitro culture. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14624. [PMID: 36647445 PMCID: PMC9840392 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the most severe abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and development. The application of silicon (Si) is an alternative that can increase the tolerance of plants to various types of biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective was to evaluate salt stress's effect in vitro and Si's mitigation potential on Aechmea blanchetiana plants. For this purpose, plants already established in vitro were transferred to a culture medium with 0 or 14 µM of Si (CaSiO3). After growth for 30 days, a stationary liquid medium containing different concentrations of NaCl (0, 100, 200, or 300 µM) was added to the flasks. Anatomical and physiological analyses were performed after growth for 45 days. The plants cultivated with excess NaCl presented reduced root diameter and effective photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (ΦPSII) and increased non-photochemical dissipation of fluorescence (qN). Plants that grew with the presence of Si also had greater content of photosynthetic pigments and activity of the enzymes of the antioxidant system, as well as higher values of maximum quantum yield of PSII (FV/FM), photochemical dissipation coefficient of fluorescence (qP) and fresh weight bioaccumulation of roots and shoots. The anatomical, physiological and biochemical responses, and growth induced by Si mitigated the effect of salt stress on the A. blanchetiana plants cultivated in vitro, which can be partly explained by the tolerance of this species to grow in sandbank (Restinga) areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiane Cipriano
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil,Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Lorenzo Toscano Conde
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Mariela Mattos da Silva
- Center for the Study of Photosynthesis, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Diolina Moura Silva
- Center for the Study of Photosynthesis, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Antelmo Ralph Falqueto
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Regulatory Mechanisms of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Plant Nutrition against Abiotic Stresses in Brassicaceae Family. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010211. [PMID: 36676160 PMCID: PMC9860783 DOI: 10.3390/life13010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Extreme environmental conditions, such as abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, heat, chilling and intense light), offer great opportunities to study how different microorganisms and plant nutrition can influence plant growth and development. The intervention of biological agents such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) coupled with proper plant nutrition can improve the agricultural importance of different plant species. Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) belongs to the monophyletic taxon and consists of around 338 genera and 3709 species worldwide. Brassicaceae is composed of several important species of economical, ornamental and food crops (vegetables, cooking oils, forage, condiments and industrial species). Sustainable production of Brassicas plants has been compromised over the years due to several abiotic stresses and the unbalanced utilization of chemical fertilizers and uncertified chemicals that ultimately affect the environment and human health. This chapter summarized the influence of PGPRs and nutrient management in the Brassicaceae family against abiotic stresses. The use of PGPRs contributed to combating climate-induced change/abiotic factors such as drought, soil and water salinization and heavy metal contamination that limits the general performance of plants. Brassica is widely utilized as an oil and vegetable crop and is harshly affected by abiotic stresses. Therefore, the use of PGPRs along with proper mineral nutrients management is a possible strategy to cope with abiotic stresses by improving biochemical, physiological and growth attributes and the production of brassica in an eco-friendly environment.
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Islam MM, Deepo DM, Nasif SO, Siddique AB, Hassan O, Siddique AB, Paul NC. Cytogenetics and Consequences of Polyploidization on Different Biotic-Abiotic Stress Tolerance and the Potential Mechanisms Involved. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11202684. [PMID: 36297708 PMCID: PMC9609754 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of polyploidy in sustainable agriculture has already brought much appreciation among researchers. Polyploidy may occur naturally or can be induced in the laboratory using chemical or gaseous agents and results in complete chromosome nondisjunction. This comprehensive review described the potential of polyploidization on plants, especially its role in crop improvement for enhanced production and host-plant resistance development against pests and diseases. An in-depth investigation on techniques used in the induction of polyploidy, cytogenetic evaluation methods of different ploidy levels, application, and current research trends is also presented. Ongoing research has mainly aimed to bring the recurrence in polyploidy, which is usually detected by flow cytometry, chromosome counting, and cytogenetic techniques such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Polyploidy can bring about positive consequences in the growth and yield attributes of crops, making them more tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the unexpected change in chromosome set and lack of knowledge on the mechanism of stress alleviation is hindering the application of polyploidy on a large scale. Moreover, a lack of cost-benefit analysis and knowledge gaps on the socio-economic implication are predominant. Further research on polyploidy coupling with modern genomic technologies will help to bring real-world market prospects in the era of changing climate. This review on polyploidy provides a solid foundation to do next-generation research on crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mazharul Islam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Research and Development, Horticultural Crop Breeding, Quality Feeds Limited, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Deen Mohammad Deepo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Saifullah Omar Nasif
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Abu Bakar Siddique
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 90736 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oliul Hassan
- Department of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Abu Bakar Siddique
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Narayan Chandra Paul
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Department of Integrative Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Shahzadi E, Nawaz M, Adrees M, Asghar MJ, Iqbal N. Elevated ozone phytotoxicity ameliorations in mung bean {Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek} by foliar nebulization of silicic acid and ascorbic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:69680-69690. [PMID: 35576036 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present work provides an insight into the development of biochemical adaptations in mung beans against ozone (O3) toxicity. The study aims to explore the O3 stress tolerance potential of mung bean genotypes under exogenous application of growth regulators. The seeds of twelve mung bean genotypes were grown in plastic pots under controlled conditions in the glasshouse. Six treatments, control (ambient ozone level 40-45 ppb), ambient O3 with ascorbic acid, ambient ozone with silicic acid, elevated ozone (120 ppb), elevated O3 with ascorbic acid (10 mM), and elevated ozone with silicic acid (0.1 mM) were applied. The O3 fumigation was carried out using an O3 generator. The results revealed that ascorbic acid and silicic acid application decreased the number of plants with foliar O3 injury symptoms in different degrees, i.e., zero, first, second, third, and fourth degrees; whereas 0-4 degree symptoms represent, no symptoms, symptoms occupying < 1/4, 1/4-1/2, 1/2-3/4, and > 3/4 of the total foliage area, respectively. Application of ascorbic acid and silicic acid also prevented the plants from the negative effects of O3 in terms of fresh as well as dry matter production, leaf chlorophyll, carotenoids, soluble proteins and ascorbic acid, proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Overall, silicic acid application proved more effective in reducing the negative effects of O3 on mung bean genotypes as compared to that of the ascorbic acid. Three mung bean genotypes (NM 20-21, NM-2006, and NM-2016) were identified to have a better adaptive mechanism for O3 toxicity tolerance and may be good candidates for future variety development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eram Shahzadi
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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11
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Mahmad-Toher AS, Govender N, Dorairaj D, Wong MY. Effects of silica soil amendment against Exserohilum rostratum, the fungal pathogen of rice brown spot disease in Peninsular Malaysia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15690. [PMID: 36127366 PMCID: PMC9489796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice brown spot (BS) exerts devastating agronomic effects on grain quality and overall productivity. In Peninsular Malaysia, BS disease incidence is fairly prevalent and little is known about the diversity of BS pathogens in the local granaries. Fifteen isolates from BS symptomatic rice plants were identified at five different rice granaries across Peninsular Malaysia. Based on the morphological and molecular analyses, two isolates were confirmed as Bipolaris oryzae while the rest were identified as Exserohilum rostratum. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that BS incidence in rice granaries in Peninsular Malaysia is caused by a pair of closely related fungal pathogens, E. rostratum and B. oryzae, with the former being more predominant. Cultural characterization of E. rostratum isolate KT831962 showed the best growth and sporulation activity on corn meal agar plates incubated in complete darkness. The effects of calcium silicate (CaSiO3) and rice husk ash (RHA) soil amendment against MR219 and MR253 rice varieties were evaluated during rice-E. rostratum interaction. Results showed that soil amelioration using CaSiO3 and RHA singly and in combination with manganese (Mn) significantly reduced rice BS disease severity. The BS disease index was reduced significantly to less than 31.6% in the silicon-treated rice plants relative to the control plants at 41.2%. Likewise, the grain yield at the harvest stage showed significantly higher yield in the Si-treated rice plants in comparison to the control, non-Si treated rice plants. The findings highlight the potential of RHA agro-waste as Si fertilizer in a sustainable rice production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainu-Shahirah Mahmad-Toher
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nisha Govender
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Deivaseeno Dorairaj
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mui-Yun Wong
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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12
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Exogenous Nitric Oxide and Silicon Applications Alleviate Water Stress in Apricots. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091454. [PMID: 36143490 PMCID: PMC9503329 DOI: 10.3390/life12091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plants confront several environmental stresses including heat, water stress, drought, salinity and high-metal concentrations that are crucial in defining plant productivity at different stages of their life cycle. Nitric oxide (NO) and Silicon (Si) are very effective molecules related in most of them and in varied biochemical events that have proven to be protective during cellular injury caused by some stress conditions like water stress. In the current work, we studied the effect of Si and NO alone and NO + Si interactive application on the response of plants exposed to water deficiency and well-watered plants for the Milord apricot variety. Water stress caused a reduce in chlorophyll content, dry and fresh weight, leaf area, stomatal conductivity, leaf relative water content and nutrient elements, while it caused an increase in leaf temperature, leaf proline, leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content and membrane permeability. Si, NO and Si + NO combination treatments under water stress conditions significantly decreased the adverse effects of water stress on leaf temperature, leaf area, dry and fresh weight, stomata conductivity, relative water content, membrane permeability, L-proline and MDA content. The shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content, stomata conductivity and leaf relative water content in Si + NO treated apricot saplings increased by 59%, 55%, 12% and 8%, respectively. Combined treatment (Si + NO) was detected to be more effective than single applications (Si or NO) on some physiological, biochemical, morphological and nutritional properties of apricot under water stress conditions.
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13
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Biochemical Characteristics and Elemental Composition Peculiarities of Rheum tataricum L. in Semi-Desert Conditions and of European Garden Rhubarb. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb13030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical and mineral peculiarities of plants inhabiting desert and semi-desert areas may provide important information about the mechanism of their adaptability and reveal the prospects of their utilization. Rheum tataricum L., known for its high tolerance to drought, salinity, and nutritional deficiency, is the least studied species of wild rhubarb. Using biochemical and ICP-MS analysis, the antioxidant status and mineral composition of R. tataricum were determined. Extremely high levels of antioxidant activity (148–155 mg GAE g−1 d.w.), polyphenols (24.6–25.1 mg GAE g−1 d.w.) and carotenoids (1.94 mg-eq β-carotene g−1 d.w.) were revealed in roots, proline in leaves (71.1 ± 6.2 mg kg−1 d.w.) and malic acid in stems (3.40 ± 0.50 mg g−1 d.w.). Compared to garden rhubarb, R. tataricum demonstrated significant root–leaves translocation of Li, Se, Si, and Mo, known to participate in plant antioxidant defense. Under high levels of Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Cr and Si in soil, R. tataricum demonstrated the ability to significantly increase the accumulation of these elements in roots, showing a hyperaccumulation ability for Sr. The first broad picture of R. tataricum biochemical and mineral characteristics in semi-desert habitat and its nutritional value indicate the prospects of R. tataricum utilization in plant breeding, medicine, and nutrition.
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14
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Stimmler P, Priemé A, Elberling B, Goeckede M, Schaller J. Arctic soil respiration and microbial community structure driven by silicon and calcium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156152. [PMID: 35609699 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is most pronounced in the Arctic region. Greenhouse gas (GHG) release from Arctic soils increase due to global warming. By this, the Arctic may change from currently being a carbon sink to a future source. To improve accurate predictions of future GHG release from Arctic soils, it is important to unravel factors controlling both the microbial community structure and activity. Soil microbial activity is important for Arctic greenhouse gas production, but depends on soil conditions such as salinity being increased by calcium (Ca) and decreased by amorphous silica (Si) potentially enhancing water availability. In the Arctic, climate changes may alter salinity by changing Si and Ca concentrations upon permafrost thaw as a result of global warming with Si potentially decreasing and Ca potentially increasing salinity. Here, we show that higher Si concentration increased and higher Ca concentrations decreased the microbial CO2 production for both a salt-poor and a salt-rich soil from Greenland. In the salt-rich soil, Si amendment increased CO2 production and the abundance of gram-negative bacteria. However, the bacterial community became dominated by spore-forming gram-positive Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. The CO2 release from soils was directly affected by the abundance of bacteria and fungi, and their community structure. Our results highlight the importance of the soil Si and Ca concentration on organic carbon turnover by strongly changing microbial abundance and community structure, with consequences for CO2 release in the Arctic. Consequently, Ca and Si and their relation to Arctic soil microbial community structure has to be considered when estimating pan-Arctic carbon budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stimmler
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.
| | - Anders Priemé
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Joerg Schaller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.
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15
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Santos CC, Scalon SPQ, Foresti AC, Reis LC, Dresch DM. The role of silicon in the mitigation of water stress in Eugenia myrcianthes Nied. seedlings. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e260420. [PMID: 36000691 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.260420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element that can mitigate effects of water stress on photosynthetic metabolism and plant growth. Thus, the aimed was to evaluate the effect of Si in mitigating the stressful effect of water deficit and flooding in Eugenia myrcianthes Nied. seedlings. The seedlings received three silicon doses (0, 2, and 4 mmol) and were subjected to two water regimes (I - continuous irrigation and S - water fluctuation, characterized as water stress obtained by two cycles of water regimes: irrigation suspension and flooding). Each cycle was ended when the seedlings had a photosynthetic rate close to zero (P0) when the stressful irrigation condition was normalized until the photosynthetic rate reached the values of the control seedlings (REC). The evaluations were carried out in five periods: T0 - initial seedling condition; 1st and 2nd P0; and 1st and 2nd REC. The E. myrcianthes seedlings reached P0 at 22 and 50 days under water deficit and flooding, respectively. Water stress caused damage to photochemical activities in photosystem II. E. myrcianthes is a species sensitive to water stress, but capable of adjusting to water fluctuation, and the application of 2 mmol Si contributed to the regulation of gas exchange, photochemical yields, and growth of this species at the deficit and flooding phases. We emphasize that E. myrcianthes seedlings have potential for resilience due to physiological plasticity, regardless of the silicon application.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Santos
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - S P Q Scalon
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - A C Foresti
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - L C Reis
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - D M Dresch
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Dourados, MS, Brasil
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16
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Kumari VV, Banerjee P, Verma VC, Sukumaran S, Chandran MAS, Gopinath KA, Venkatesh G, Yadav SK, Singh VK, Awasthi NK. Plant Nutrition: An Effective Way to Alleviate Abiotic Stress in Agricultural Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158519. [PMID: 35955651 PMCID: PMC9368943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
By the year 2050, the world’s population is predicted to have grown to around 9–10 billion people. The food demand in many countries continues to increase with population growth. Various abiotic stresses such as temperature, soil salinity and moisture all have an impact on plant growth and development at all levels of plant growth, including the overall plant, tissue cell, and even sub-cellular level. These abiotic stresses directly harm plants by causing protein denaturation and aggregation as well as increased fluidity of membrane lipids. In addition to direct effects, indirect damage also includes protein synthesis inhibition, protein breakdown, and membranous loss in chloroplasts and mitochondria. Abiotic stress during the reproductive stage results in flower drop, pollen sterility, pollen tube deformation, ovule abortion, and reduced yield. Plant nutrition is one of the most effective ways of reducing abiotic stress in agricultural crops. In this paper, we have discussed the effectiveness of different nutrients for alleviating abiotic stress. The roles of primary nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium), secondary nutrients (calcium, magnesium and sulphur), micronutrients (zinc, boron, iron and copper), and beneficial nutrients (cobalt, selenium and silicon) in alleviating abiotic stress in crop plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopalan Visha Kumari
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Purabi Banerjee
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyala, Mohanpur 741251, India;
| | - Vivek Chandra Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India;
| | - Suvana Sukumaran
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Malamal Alickal Sarath Chandran
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Kodigal A. Gopinath
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.A.G.); (V.K.S.)
| | - Govindarajan Venkatesh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Sushil Kumar Yadav
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Vinod Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.A.G.); (V.K.S.)
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17
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Tayade R, Ghimire A, Khan W, Lay L, Attipoe JQ, Kim Y. Silicon as a Smart Fertilizer for Sustainability and Crop Improvement. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081027. [PMID: 35892337 PMCID: PMC9332292 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si), despite being abundant in nature, is still not considered a necessary element for plants. Si supplementation in plants has been extensively studied over the last two decades, and the role of Si in alleviating biotic and abiotic stress has been well documented. Owing to the noncorrosive nature and sustainability of elemental Si, Si fertilization in agricultural practices has gained more attention. In this review, we provide an overview of different smart fertilizer types, application of Si fertilizers in agriculture, availability of Si fertilizers, and experiments conducted in greenhouses, growth chambers, and open fields. We also discuss the prospects of promoting Si as a smart fertilizer among farmers and the research community for sustainable agriculture and yield improvement. Literature review and empirical studies have suggested that the application of Si-based fertilizers is expected to increase in the future. With the potential of nanotechnology, new nanoSi (NSi) fertilizer applications may further increase the use and efficiency of Si fertilizers. However, the general awareness and scientific investigation of NSi need to be thoughtfully considered. Thus, we believe this review can provide insight for further research into Si fertilizers as well as promote Si as a smart fertilizer for sustainability and crop improvement.
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18
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Song J, Yang J, Jeong BR. Silicon Mitigates Ammonium Toxicity in Cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) ‘Ssamchu’. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.922666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) toxicity hinders the cabbage yield because most subspecies or varieties exhibit extreme sensitivity to NH4+. Current knowledge indicates that silicon (Si) can alleviate or reverse the ammonium toxicity severity. However, few investigations have been conducted on NH4+-stressed cabbage to elucidate the mechanism underlying the Si alleviation. The study described herein analyzes induced physio-chemical changes to explore how Si helps mitigate NH4+ toxicity. We applied one of three NH4+:NO3- ratios (0:100, 50:50, and 100:0) at a constant N (13 meq·L−1) to the cabbage plants, corresponding with two Si treatment levels (0 and 1.0 meq·L−1). Chlorosis and foliage necrosis along with stunted roots occurred following 100% NH4+ application were ameliorated in the presence of Si. The NH4+ toxicity ratio was reduced accordingly. Similarly, inhibition on the uptake of K and Ca, restricted photosynthesis (chlorophyll, stomatal conductance, and Fv/Fm), and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS, O2·-, and H2O2), as well as lipid peroxidation (MDA, malondialdehyde) in NH4+-stressed cabbages were mitigated with added Si. The lower observed oxidative stresses in solely NH4+-treated plants were conferred by the boosted antioxidant enzymes (SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase). Concomitantly, Si-treated plants showed higher activities of key NH4+ assimilation enzymes (GS, glutamine synthetase; GOGAT, glutamate synthase; NADH-GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase) and NH4+ content in leaves. However, excessive NH4+ assimilations cause the acidic stress, which has been demonstrated to be the primary cause of NH4+ toxicity. Therefore, further investigation regarding the Si effects on H+ regulation and distribution should be warranted.
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19
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Mavrič Čermelj A, Fideršek E, Golob A, Kacjan Maršić N, Vogel Mikuš K, Germ M. Different Concentrations of Potassium Silicate in Nutrient Solution Affects Selected Growth Characteristics and Mineral Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111405. [PMID: 35684178 PMCID: PMC9182727 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the effect of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) on the physiological and growth characteristics and elemental composition of barley plants. Hydroponically grown barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) var. Wilma was exposed to four different levels of Si in the form of K2SiO3 at concentrations of 0 (Si0), 0.5 (Si0.5), 1 (Si1) or 1.5 (Si1.5) mM Si. Plants were analyzed for root length, number of dry leaves, number of trichomes, electron transport system activity in mitochondria (ETS), leaf pigment content and elemental composition of roots and leaves. Treatment with Si0.5 significantly increased the concentration of total chlorophylls, root length and ETS activity in barley. Plants with no Si added to the nutrient solution had significantly more dry leaves than plants from all Si-treated groups. Necrosis was observed in Si0 plants, while leaf damage was not visible in treated plants. According to the results of the study, we evidenced that plants were stressed due to Si deficiency. The addition of K2SiO3 significantly affected the concentration of Si, K, Ca, Cl, S, Mn, Fe and Zn in roots and leaves of barley. In barley treated with Si0.5, plants showed the best performance in terms of their physiological characteristics and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Mavrič Čermelj
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.F.); (A.G.); (N.K.M.); (K.V.M.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eva Fideršek
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.F.); (A.G.); (N.K.M.); (K.V.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Golob
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.F.); (A.G.); (N.K.M.); (K.V.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Nina Kacjan Maršić
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.F.); (A.G.); (N.K.M.); (K.V.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Katarina Vogel Mikuš
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.F.); (A.G.); (N.K.M.); (K.V.M.); (M.G.)
- Department of Low and Medium Energy Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Germ
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.F.); (A.G.); (N.K.M.); (K.V.M.); (M.G.)
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20
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Srivastava A, Sharma VK, Kaushik P, El-Sheikh MA, Qadir S, Mansoor S. Effect of silicon application with mycorrhizal inoculation on Brassica juncea cultivated under water stress. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261569. [PMID: 35389996 PMCID: PMC8989204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica juncea L. is a significant member of the Brassicaceae family, also known as Indian mustard. Water is a limiting factor in the successful production of this crop. Here, we tested the effect of water shortage in B. juncea plants supplemented with or without the application of silicon and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in total 8 different treatments compared under open filed conditions using a randomised complete block design (RCBD). The treatments under control conditions were control (C, T1); C+Silicon (Si, T2); C+My (Mycorrhiza; T3); and C+Si+My (T4). In contrast, treatments under stress conditions were S (Stress; T5); S+Si (T6); S+My (T7) and S+Si+My (T8), respectively. In total, we evaluated 16 traits, including plant response to stress by evaluating peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity. The fresh weight (g) increased only 7.47 percent with mycorrhiza (C+My) and 22.39 percent with silicon (C+Si) but increased 291.08 percent with both mycorrhiza and silicon (C+Si+My). Using mycorrhiza (S+My) or silicon (S+Si) alone produced a significant increase of 53.16 percent and 55.84 percent in fresh weight, respectively, while using both mycorrhiza and silicon (S+Si+My) together produced a dramatic increase of 380.71 percent under stress conditions. Superoxidase dismutase concentration (Ug−1 FW) was found to be increased by 29.48 percent, 6.71 percent, and 22.63 percent after applying C+My, C+Si and C+Si+My, but treatment under stress revealed some contrasting trends, with an increase of 11.21 percent and 19.77 percent for S+My, S+Si+My, but a decrease of 13.15 percent for S+Si. Finally, in the presence of stress, carotenoid content (mg/g FW) increased by 58.06 percent, 54.83 percent, 183.87 percent with C+My, and 23.81 percent with S+My and S+Si+My, but decreased by 22.22 percent with S+Si. Silicon application proved to be more effective than AMF treatment with Rhizophagus irregularis, and the best results were obtained with the combination of Si and AMF. This work will help to suggest the measures to overcome the water stress in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Srivastava
- Department of Botany, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- Department Genetics and Plant Breeding, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaista Qadir
- Department of Botany, Womens College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Division of Biochemistry FBSc, SKUAST Jammu J&K, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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21
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Zhao K, Yang Y, Zhang L, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Huang H, Luo S, Luo L. Silicon-based additive on heavy metal remediation in soils: Toxicological effects, remediation techniques, and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112244. [PMID: 34688645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical fertilizer is gaining increasing attention and has been the center of much research which indicating complex beneficial and harmful effects. Chemical fertilizer might cause some environmental hazards to the biosphere, especially in the agricultural ecosystem. The application of silicon (Si) fertilizer in agriculture has been proved to be able to create good economic and environmental benefits. Si is the second most abundant earth crust element. Si fertilizer improves soil quality and alleviates biotic and abiotic crop stress. It is of great significance to understand the function of Si fertilizer in agricultural utilization and environmental remediation. This paper reviews the Si-based fertilizer in farmland use and summarizes prior research relevant with characterization, soil quality improvement, and pollution remediation effects. Its use in agriculture enhances plant silicon uptake, mediates plant salt and drought stress and remediates heavy metals such as Al, As, Cd, Cu, Zn and Cr. This article also summarizes the detoxification mechanism of silicon and its effects on plant physiological activity such as photosynthesis and transpiration. Fertilizer materials and crop fertilizer management were also considered. Foliar spraying is an effective method to improve crop growth and yield and reduce biotic or abiotic stress. Silicon nanoparticle material provides potential with great potential and prospects. More investigation and research are prospected to better understand how silicon impacts the environment and whether it is a beneficial additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqi Zhao
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center for Agricultural Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center for Agricultural Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China.
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center for Agricultural Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center for Agricultural Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China.
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center for Agricultural Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center for Agricultural Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China
| | - Shuang Luo
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center for Agricultural Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center for Agricultural Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China
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22
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Li Y, Wang K, Kong Y, Lv Y, Xu K. Toxicity and tissue accumulation characteristics of the herbicide pendimethalin under silicon application in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25263-25275. [PMID: 34839461 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental health and food safety issues potentially caused by the dinitroaniline herbicide pendimethalin (PM) are a worldwide concern. The toxicity response of ginger and tissue accumulation effects of PM on ginger biomass were studied by utilizing PM (CK (clean water), PM1 (0.4%), PM2 (0.67%), PM3 (1.0%), and PM4 (1.67%)) in a dose-response study. It significantly reduced the biomass of ginger under PM4, which is attributed to root damage. The net photosynthetic rate of ginger under PM4 was 11.37% lower than that of CK, which is mainly caused by stomatal limitation. In addition, the ultrastructure of chloroplasts has changed. PM4 caused the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ginger. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased accordingly, maintaining the dynamic balance of ROS content. PM had no significant effect on the expression of ginger α-tubulin genes. PM was significantly accumulated in ginger roots, but not rhizomes. Si increased the productivity of ginger under PM4, which is mainly related to the increase of root development (root application of silicon) and photosynthetic efficiency (foliar application of silicon). Si reduced the ROS content due to the increase in SOD, POD, and catalase (CAT) activity and photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yuwen Kong
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yao Lv
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Taian, 271018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, 271018, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Taian, 271018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, 271018, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, 271018, China.
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Foliar Silicon Spray before Summer Cutting Propagation Enhances Resistance to Powdery Mildew of Daughter Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073803. [PMID: 35409165 PMCID: PMC8998806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has beneficial effects on not only plant growth but also against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, a few studies focus on how Si application helps strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) resist powdery mildew. The aim of this work was to find out the optimal Si application method before cutting propagation to enhance the resistance to powdery mildew in strawberry “daughter” plants. Naturally infected “mother” plants of ‘Sulhyang’, ‘Maehyang’, and ‘Kuemsil’ strawberries were supplied with Si. Potassium silicate (K2SiO3) at a final concentration of 75 mg·L−1 Si was either added to the medium for drenching or sprayed to the leaves of the “mother” or “daughter” plant, or soluble Si fertilizer was used to dress the “mother” plant. The Si application significantly increased the shoot fresh weight of the “daughter” plants. Supplemental Si also increased the contents of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg). In addition, the Si treatment decreased the damage of powdery mildew by increased level of proline content and suppressive reactive oxygen species. After applying Si, the length and density of hyphae on the leaf surface decreased. In addition, the infected area of “daughter” plant leaves covered with powdery mildew decreased. This study also demonstrated that Si increased the expression of resistance-gene and decreased the expression of susceptibility-gene of strawberry. Overall, Si application promoted the growth of the “daughter” plants regardless of the application method. Direct foliar Si spray to the “daughter” plants before cutting propagation is recommended to increase their resistance to powdery mildew.
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Mir RA, Bhat BA, Yousuf H, Islam ST, Raza A, Rizvi MA, Charagh S, Albaqami M, Sofi PA, Zargar SM. Multidimensional Role of Silicon to Activate Resilient Plant Growth and to Mitigate Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819658. [PMID: 35401625 PMCID: PMC8984490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural production is critically antagonistic by fluctuating unfavorable environmental conditions. The introduction of mineral elements emerged as the most exciting and magical aspect, apart from the novel intervention of traditional and applied strategies to defend the abiotic stress conditions. The silicon (Si) has ameliorating impacts by regulating diverse functionalities on enhancing the growth and development of crop plants. Si is categorized as a non-essential element since crop plants accumulate less during normal environmental conditions. Studies on the application of Si in plants highlight the beneficial role of Si during extreme stressful conditions through modulation of several metabolites during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones are primary plant metabolites positively regulated by Si during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones play a pivotal role in crop plants' broad-spectrum biochemical and physiological aspects during normal and extreme environmental conditions. Frontline phytohormones include auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid. These phytohormones are internally correlated with Si in regulating abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. This review explores insights into the role of Si in enhancing the phytohormone metabolism and its role in maintaining the physiological and biochemical well-being of crop plants during diverse abiotic stresses. Moreover, in-depth information about Si's pivotal role in inducing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants through metabolic and molecular modulations is elaborated. Furthermore, the potential of various high throughput technologies has also been discussed in improving Si-induced multiple stress tolerance. In addition, a special emphasis is engrossed in the role of Si in achieving sustainable agricultural growth and global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | | | - Henan Yousuf
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | | | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaze A. Sofi
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, India
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25
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Li Q, Zhang D, Song Z, Ren L, Jin X, Fang W, Yan D, Li Y, Wang Q, Cao A. Organic fertilizer activates soil beneficial microorganisms to promote strawberry growth and soil health after fumigation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 295:118653. [PMID: 34921948 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil fumigants aim to control soil-borne diseases below levels that affect economic crop production, but their use also reduces the abundance of beneficial microorganisms. Previous studies have shown that adding various types of fertilizers to soil after fumigation can reshape the soil microbial community and regulate crop growth. We fumigated soil with dazomet (DZ) that had been cropped continuously for more than 20 years. After fumigation we applied silicon fertilizer, potassium humate organic fertilizer, Bacillus microbial fertilizer or a mixture of the last two. We studied the effects of different fertilizers treatments on the soil's physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, key soil pathogens and beneficial microbes. We found that fertilizers applied after fumigation promoted soil beneficial microorganisms (such as Fimicutes, Chloroflexi, Bacillus and Actinomadura) restoration; increased Fusarium and Phytophthora pathogen mortality, the content of ammonium nitrogen, sucrase enzyme activity; and increased strawberry fruit yield. A significant increase in strawberry yield was positively correlated with increases in beneficial microorganisms such as Gemmatimonadota, Firmicutes, Bacillus and Flavisolibacter. We concluded that organic fertilizer applied after fumigation significantly increased the number of beneficial microorganisms, improved the physicochemical properties of the soil, increased soil enzyme activities, inhibited the growth of soil pathogens to increase strawberry fruit yield. In summary, organic fertilizer activated soil beneficial microorganisms after soil fumigation, promoted soil health, and increased strawberry fruit yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Daqi Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaoxin Song
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Laboratory of Integrated and Urban Phytopathology, University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Lirui Ren
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Green Management of Soil-borne Diseases Baoding University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Wensheng Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dongdong Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Aocheng Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System, Beijing, 100029, China.
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26
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Farooqi ZUR, Murtaza G, Bibi S, Sabir M, Owens G, Ahmad I, Zeeshan N. Immobilization of cadmium in soil-plant system through soil and foliar applied silicon. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 24:1193-1204. [PMID: 34995161 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.2024133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a pot experiment to evaluate the potential for soil- and foliar-applied silicon (Si), alone and in combination, to a Cd-contaminated soil in order to evaluate the effects on such amendments on the Cd translocation from soil to wheat root, shoot and grains. Five treatments were used, T1) control with no external factor added, T2 received only Cd, while T3-T5 treatments received Cd in combination with soil, foliar and soil plus foliar applied Si. Except control (T1), soil was contaminated with Cd at 10 mg kg-1 in all the treatments and 1% solution of Si as an amendment was used for soil and/or foliar application or their combination. Overall, while Si application improved both plant growth and yield in Cd-contaminated soil. Control and combined soil- and foliar-applied Si in Cd contaminated treatments showed equally positive (2.5%) increase in plant height over Cd contaminated treatment. Grain yield was also highest in the treatment receiving Cd plus soil-applied Si (29%) followed by control (26%). It was concluded that Si can alleviate Cd toxicity in wheat irrespective of whether the Si was soil-applied or applied via a foliar method, but soil applied Si proved the best in this regard.Novelty statement Immobilization of metals i.e., cadmium (Cd) with soil-applied amendments like biomaterials and organic manure to decrease Cd concentration in plants have already been widely investigated. Silicon (Si) is a cheap in-organic and readily available element in the nature and also used for the same purpose. It can be applied both in soil as well as by foliar and soil + foliar application to decrease the metals concentration in soil and plants. However, comparative effectiveness of these three methods have not been checked simultaneously. In this study, we have studied the comparative effectiveness of Si application to soil, foliar and their combination (soil + foliar) to decrease Cd concentration during wheat crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sabir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Gary Owens
- Environmental Contaminants Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Nukshab Zeeshan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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27
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Ahire ML, Mundada PS, Nikam TD, Bapat VA, Penna S. Multifaceted roles of silicon in mitigating environmental stresses in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:291-310. [PMID: 34826705 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Food security relies on plant productivity and plant's resilience to climate change driven environmental stresses. Plants employ diverse adaptive mechanisms of stress-signalling pathways, antioxidant defense, osmotic adjustment, nutrient homeostasis and phytohormones. Over the last few decades, silicon has emerged as a beneficial element for enhancing plant growth productivity. Silicon ameliorates biotic and abiotic stress conditions by regulating the physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. Si-uptake and transport are facilitated by specialized Si-transporters (Lsi1, Lsi2, Lsi3, and Lsi6) and, the differential root anatomy has been shown to reflect in the varying Si-uptake in monocot and dicot plants. Silicon mediates a number of plant processes including osmotic, ionic stress responses, metabolic processes, stomatal physiology, phytohormones, nutrients and source-sink relationship. Further studies on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the Si transporter genes are required for better uptake and transport in spatial mode and under different stress conditions. In this article, we present an account of the availability, uptake, Si transporters and, the role of Silicon to alleviate environmental stress and improve plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ahire
- Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, 415 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - P S Mundada
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, Maharashtra, India; Department of Biotechnology, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, 415 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - T D Nikam
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, Maharashtra, India
| | - V A Bapat
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416 004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 094, Maharashtra, India.
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28
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Wang M, Wang R, Mur LAJ, Ruan J, Shen Q, Guo S. Functions of silicon in plant drought stress responses. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:254. [PMID: 34848683 PMCID: PMC8633297 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), the second most abundant element in Earth's crust, exerts beneficial effects on the growth and productivity of a variety of plant species under various environmental conditions. However, the benefits of Si and its importance to plants are controversial due to differences among the species, genotypes, and the environmental conditions. Although Si has been widely reported to alleviate plant drought stress in both the Si-accumulating and nonaccumulating plants, the underlying mechanisms through which Si improves plant water status and maintains water balance remain unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize the morphoanatomical, physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes that are involved in plant water status that are regulated by Si in response to drought stress, especially the integrated modulation of Si-triggered drought stress responses in Si accumulators and intermediate- and excluder-type plants. The key mechanisms influencing the ability of Si to mitigate the effects of drought stress include enhancing water uptake and transport, regulating stomatal behavior and transpirational water loss, accumulating solutes and osmoregulatory substances, and inducing plant defense- associated with signaling events, consequently maintaining whole-plant water balance. This study evaluates the ability of Si to maintain water balance under drought stress conditions and suggests future research that is needed to implement the use of Si in agriculture. Considering the complex relationships between Si and different plant species, genotypes, and the environment, detailed studies are needed to understand the interactions between Si and plant responses under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture), Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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29
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Wang M, Wang R, Mur LAJ, Ruan J, Shen Q, Guo S. Functions of silicon in plant drought stress responses. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:254. [PMID: 34848683 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00681-1/6491157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), the second most abundant element in Earth's crust, exerts beneficial effects on the growth and productivity of a variety of plant species under various environmental conditions. However, the benefits of Si and its importance to plants are controversial due to differences among the species, genotypes, and the environmental conditions. Although Si has been widely reported to alleviate plant drought stress in both the Si-accumulating and nonaccumulating plants, the underlying mechanisms through which Si improves plant water status and maintains water balance remain unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize the morphoanatomical, physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes that are involved in plant water status that are regulated by Si in response to drought stress, especially the integrated modulation of Si-triggered drought stress responses in Si accumulators and intermediate- and excluder-type plants. The key mechanisms influencing the ability of Si to mitigate the effects of drought stress include enhancing water uptake and transport, regulating stomatal behavior and transpirational water loss, accumulating solutes and osmoregulatory substances, and inducing plant defense- associated with signaling events, consequently maintaining whole-plant water balance. This study evaluates the ability of Si to maintain water balance under drought stress conditions and suggests future research that is needed to implement the use of Si in agriculture. Considering the complex relationships between Si and different plant species, genotypes, and the environment, detailed studies are needed to understand the interactions between Si and plant responses under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture), Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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30
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El Moukhtari A, Carol P, Mouradi M, Savoure A, Farissi M. Silicon improves physiological, biochemical, and morphological adaptations of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) during salinity stress. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Schaller J, Scherwietes E, Gerber L, Vaidya S, Kaczorek D, Pausch J, Barkusky D, Sommer M, Hoffmann M. Silica fertilization improved wheat performance and increased phosphorus concentrations during drought at the field scale. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20852. [PMID: 34675299 PMCID: PMC8531131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought and the availability of mineable phosphorus minerals used for fertilization are two of the important issues agriculture is facing in the future. High phosphorus availability in soils is necessary to maintain high agricultural yields. Drought is one of the major threats for terrestrial ecosystem performance and crop production in future. Among the measures proposed to cope with the upcoming challenges of intensifying drought stress and to decrease the need for phosphorus fertilizer application is the fertilization with silica (Si). Here we tested the importance of soil Si fertilization on wheat phosphorus concentration as well as wheat performance during drought at the field scale. Our data clearly showed a higher soil moisture for the Si fertilized plots. This higher soil moisture contributes to a better plant performance in terms of higher photosynthetic activity and later senescence as well as faster stomata responses ensuring higher productivity during drought periods. The plant phosphorus concentration was also higher in Si fertilized compared to control plots. Overall, Si fertilization or management of the soil Si pools seem to be a promising tool to maintain crop production under predicted longer and more serve droughts in the future and reduces phosphorus fertilizer requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schaller
- "Silicon Biogeochemistry" Working Group, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
| | | | - Lukas Gerber
- University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Shrijana Vaidya
- "Isotope Biogeochemistry and Gas Fluxes" Working Group, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Danuta Kaczorek
- "Landscape Pedology" Working Group, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | | | - Dietmar Barkusky
- "Experimental Infrastructure Platform", Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- "Silicon Biogeochemistry" Working Group, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.,Institute of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mathias Hoffmann
- "Isotope Biogeochemistry and Gas Fluxes" Working Group, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
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32
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Kolbert Z, Ördög A. Involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in plant responses to metalloids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126606. [PMID: 34271449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to the limited or excess supply of metalloids, boron (B), silicon (Si), selenium (Se), arsenic (As), and antimony (Sb) via complex signaling pathways that are mainly regulated by nitric oxide (NO). The absorption of metalloids from the soil is facilitated by pathways that involve aquaporins, aquaglyceroporins, phosphate, and sulfate transporters; however, their regulation by NO is poorly understood. Using in silico software, we predicted the S-nitrosation of known metalloid transporters, proposing NO-dependent regulation of metalloid transport systems at the posttranslational level. NO intensifies the stress-mitigating effect of Si, whereas in the case of Se, As, and Sb, the accumulation of NO or reactive nitrogen species contributes to toxicity. NO promotes the beneficial effect of low Se concentrations and mitigates the damage caused by B deficiency. In addition, the exogenous application of NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, reduces B, Se, and As toxicity. The primary role of NO in metalloid stress response is to mitigate oxidative stress by activating antioxidant defense at the level of protein activity and gene expression. This review discusses the role of NO in plant responses to metalloids and suggests future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged Közép fasor 52., Hungary
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Alleviation of Cadmium Phytotoxicity Using Silicon Fertilization in Wheat by Altering Antioxidant Metabolism and Osmotic Adjustment. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132011317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Humans are facing very serious health threats from food contamination with cadmium (Cd), and Cd uptake by wheat is amongst the main causes of Cd entrance into the food chain. The current study examined the effect of foliar application (0, 1.50, 3.00 and 4.00 mM) of various silicate chemicals (calcium silicate and potassium silicate) on wheat growth and Cd addition by wheat under Cd stress 20 mg kg−1 of soil using CdCl2. The results revealed that under control conditions, the application of Si improved all the growth, physiological, biochemical and quality attributes by reducing malondialdehyde contents and electrolyte leakage. Under Cd stress, the supplementation of Si conferred a better growth rate, gaseous exchange for metabolic activity and maintained the tissues’ turgor and membranes’ stabilities compared to those obtained under control (without Si). The enzymatic activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase) also show rapid action by the application of Si supplement, which were associated with elevated osmoprotectant contents and antioxidants, having role in antioxidant defense against Cd stress. These results suggested that a 4.50 mM concentration of Si supplement (potassium silicate) works effectively against Cd stress. The given results showed that Si supplement is beneficial for the enhancement of many metabolic activities that takes places in plants during the growth period that proved a feasible approach in controlling the Cd concentration within wheat plants and, ultimately, in humans.
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34
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Seed Priming with Silicon as a Potential to Increase Salt Stress Tolerance in Lathyrus odoratus. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102140. [PMID: 34685950 PMCID: PMC8539537 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage is a major problem limiting the expansion of green areas and landscapes. Using seawater as an alternative source of potable water is not a novel idea, but the issue of salt stress needs to be resolved. Salinity has a negative impact on growth and the aesthetic value of ornamental plants. In order to overcome these challenges, Lathyrus odoratus seeds were hydro-primed and halo-primed with silicon (Si) and silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs), and exposed to seawater levels. Seawater markedly reduced seed germination and growth of Lathyrus seedlings, but halo-priming was shown to significantly alleviate its negative effects. Broadly, SiNPs increased the germination percentage, reduced photosynthetic pigments and carbohydrates decrease, and enhanced water relations, despite having a negative effect on germination speed. Halo-priming significantly increased the proline content and the activities of certain enzymatic (SOD, APX and CAT) and nonenzymatic (phenolic and flavonoids) compounds, that positively influenced oxidative stress (lower MDA and H2O2 accumulation), resulting in seedlings with more salt stress tolerance. Halo-priming with Si or SiNPs enhanced the Si and K+ contents, and K+/Na+ ratio, associated with a reduction in Na+ accumulation. Generally, halo-priming with Si or SiNPs increased Lathyrus seedlings salt stress tolerance, which was confirmed using seawater treatments via improving germination percentage, seedlings growth and activation of the antioxidant machinery, which detoxifies reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Mizuta H, Uji T, Yasui H. Extracellular silicate uptake and deposition induced by oxidative burst in Saccharina japonica sporophytes (Phaeophyceae). ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lv Y, Li Y, Liu X, Xu K. Effect of soil sulfamethoxazole on strawberry (Fragaria ananassa): Growth, health risks and silicon mitigation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117321. [PMID: 33975211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The negative impact of antibiotic pollution on the agricultural system and human health is a hot issue in the world. However, little information is available on the antibiotics toxicity mechanism and the role of silicon (Si) to alleviate the antibiotics toxicity. In this study, strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) showed excitatory response to low-dose SMZ (1 mg L-1), but strawberry root and photosynthetic efficiency were damaged under high level. When SMZ level exceeded 10 mg L-1, H202, O2-, MDA and relative conductivity increased, while SOD and CAT activities first increased and then decreased. SMZ accumulated more in roots and fruits, but less in stems, and the accumulation increased with the increase of SMZ-dose. Under 1 mg L-1 SMZ, the SMZ accumulation in fruits was 110.54 μg kg-1, which exceeded the maximum residue limit. SMZ can induce the expression of sul1, sul2 and intI1, and intI1 had the highest abundance. Exogenous application of Si alleviated the toxicity of SMZ, which is mainly related to the degradation of SMZ in soil and the reduction of SMZ absorption by strawberry. In addition, Si relieved root damage, promoted the increase of photosynthetic efficiency, and improved the antioxidant system to resist SMZ toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lv
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong Taian, 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong Taian, 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, 271018, China.
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Silicon Application Induced Alleviation of Aluminum Toxicity in Xaraés Palisadegrass. AGRONOMY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11101938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major abiotic constraint for agricultural production in acidic soils that needs a sustainable solution to deal with plant tolerance. Silicon (Si) plays important roles in alleviating the harmful effects of Al in plants. The genus Urochloa includes most important grasses and hybrids, and it is currently used as pastures in the tropical regions. Xaraés palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés) is a forage that is relatively tolerant to Al toxicity under field-grown conditions, which might be explained by the great uptake and accumulation of Si. However, studies are needed to access the benefits of Si application to alleviate Al toxicity on Xaraés palisadegrass nutritional status, production, and chemical–bromatological composition. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions with the effect of five Si concentrations evaluated (0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 mM) as well as with nutrient solutions containing 1 mM Al in two sampling dates (two forage cuts). The following evaluations were performed: number of tillers and leaves, shoot biomass, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Al, and Si concentration in leaf tissue, Al and Si concentration in root tissue, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content in Xaraés palisadegrass shoot. Silicon supply affected the relation between Si and Al uptake by increasing root Al concentration in detriment to Al transport to the leaves, thereby alleviating Al toxicity in Xaraés palisadegrass. The concentrations between 1.4 and 1.6 mM Si in solution decreased roots to shoots Al translocation by 259% (from 3.26 to 1.26%), which contributed to a higher number of leaves per plot and led to a greater shoot dry mass without affecting tillering. Xaraés palisadegrass could be considered one of the greatest Si accumulator plants with Si content in leaves above 4.7% of dry mass. In addition, Si supply may benefit nutrient-use efficiency with enhanced plant growth and without compromising the chemical–bromatological content of Xaraés palisadegrass.
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Drought Stress Alleviation by Potassium-Nitrate-Containing Chitosan/Montmorillonite Microparticles Confers Changes in Spinacia oleracea L. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13179903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drought and low amounts of mineral nutrients in the soil are the two leading global constraints in arid and semiarid regions. Their detrimental effects on soils and crops can be alleviated by applying controlled release and biodegradable fertilizers to better and sustain the crops. On a global scale, spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is an essential leafy green vegetable that is biologically considered a reliable source of essential nutrients and minerals for human health. A comprehensive approach is needed to manage water stress to mitigate the impacts of stress-caused damage and to examine this for better and increased plant production. An experiment was conducted using potassium-nitrate-containing chitosan/montmorillonite microparticles (150 mg) under mild and severe drought stress (MDS: 50% and SDS: 35% FC, respectively). The treatments include control (no KNO3 and 70% FC as normal irrigation (NI)), KNO3 + NI, 50% FC as mild drought stress (MDS), KNO3 + MDS, 35% FC as severe drought stress (SDS) and KNO3 + SDS. Results revealed that drought stress decreased all studied physiological parameters and increased oxidative stress indicators in spinach. Applying KN significantly increased root (122%) and shoot length (4%), shoot fresh weight (32%) and shoot dry weight (71%), chlorophyll a (88%), carotenoids (39%), total soluble proteins (50%), soluble sugars (51%), potassium (80%), and phosphorous (32%) concentrations over No KN at severe drought. While stress indicators, like glycine betaine, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbic acid levels, were increased in stress. Treatment KN was proved efficient and effective in improving spinach physiological status in both MDS and SDS.
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Bhardwaj S, Kapoor D. Fascinating regulatory mechanism of silicon for alleviating drought stress in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:1044-1053. [PMID: 34280603 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants confront several environmental stresses that are crucial in defining plant productivity. Among these environmental stresses, drought stress is recognized as the foremost abiotic factor which affects the food security around the globe due to its negative impact on the plant development, and quality of plant products. Because of this, drought stress has gained an imperative appearance in the field of plant sciences in recent years. Silicon (Si), an agronomically essential mineral nutrient, is recognized highly advantageous in enhancing plant growth at various phases of plant life cycle under water deficit circumstances. Si has been considered extensively useful in mitigating harmful consequences of drought stress by enhancing root H2O absorption, regulating uptake of nutrients, reducing transpiration rate, improving photosynthetic activity, increment in the production of compatible solutes and by elevating plant antioxidant defense functioning. Si also known to improve plant endurance to limited water availability by inducing the functioning of various stress associated genes. To maximize the potential benefits and sustainable efficiency of Si in agriculture, it is of crucial importance to gain knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of how Si counteract stress conditions. Various findings suggested that Si increases the plant's immune system against drought stress, and application of Si is an important approach to shield plants from adverse stress conditions and soil nutrient depletion. This paper shows that Si has imperative and noteworthy impacts on improving plant tolerance to drought stress via maintaining cellular homeostasis. Present review mainly provides an insight into silicon role as beneficial element to alleviate drought stress in plants by regulating their morphological, physicochemical and molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
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Gupta BK, Sahoo KK, Anwar K, Nongpiur RC, Deshmukh R, Pareek A, Singla-Pareek SL. Silicon nutrition stimulates Salt-Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway to enhance salinity stress tolerance and yield in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:593-604. [PMID: 34186283 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In rice (Oryza sativa), Si nutrition is known to improve salinity tolerance; however, limited efforts have been made to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Salt-Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway contributes to salinity tolerance in plants in a major way which works primarily through Na+ exclusion from the cytosol. SOS1, a vital component of SOS pathway is a Na+/H+ antiporter that maintains ion homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated the effect of overexpression of Oryza sativa SOS1 (OsSOS1) in tobacco (cv. Petit Havana) and rice (cv. IR64) for modulating its response towards salinity further exploring its correlation with Si nutrition. OsSOS1 transgenic tobacco plants showed enhanced tolerance to salinity as evident by its high chlorophyll content and maintaining favorable ion homeostasis under salinity stress. Similarly, transgenic rice overexpressing OsSOS1 also showed improved salinity stress tolerance as shown by higher seed germination percentage, seedling survival and low Na+ accumulation under salinity stress. At their mature stage, compared with the non-transgenic plants, the transgenic rice plants showed better growth and maintained better photosynthetic efficiency with reduced chlorophyll loss under stress. Also, roots of transgenic rice plants showed reduced accumulation of Na+ leading to reduced oxidative damage and cell death under salinity stress which ultimately resulted in improved agronomic traits such as higher number of panicles and fertile spikelets per panicle. Si nutrition was found to improve the growth of salinity stressed OsSOS1 rice by upregulating the expression of Si transporters (Lsi1 and Lsi2) that leads to more uptake and accumulation of Si in the rice shoots. Metabolite profiling showed better stress regulatory machinery in the transgenic rice, since they maintained higher abundance of most of the osmolytes and free amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh K Gupta
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Khirod K Sahoo
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Khalid Anwar
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Ramsong C Nongpiur
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India; National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Galindo FS, Pagliari PH, Buzetti S, Rodrigues WL, Fernandes GC, Biagini ALC, Tavanti RFR, Teixeira Filho MCM. Nutrient availability affected by silicate and
Azospirillum brasilense
application in corn–wheat rotation. AGRONOMY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/agj2.20802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Humberto Pagliari
- Dep. of Soil, Water, and Climate Univ. of Minnesota, Southwest Research and Outreach Center Lamberton MN USA
| | - Salatiér Buzetti
- Dep. of Plant Health, Rural Engineering, and Soils São Paulo State Univ. Ilha Solteira São Paulo Brazil
| | - Willian Lima Rodrigues
- Dep. of Plant Health, Rural Engineering, and Soils São Paulo State Univ. Ilha Solteira São Paulo Brazil
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Bokor B, Santos CS, Kostoláni D, Machado J, da Silva MN, Carvalho SMP, Vaculík M, Vasconcelos MW. Mitigation of climate change and environmental hazards in plants: Potential role of the beneficial metalloid silicon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126193. [PMID: 34492957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the concentration of atmospheric CO2 and the average temperature have been increasing, and this trend is expected to become more severe in the near future. Additionally, environmental stresses including drought, salinity, UV-radiation, heavy metals, and toxic elements exposure represent a threat for ecosystems and agriculture. Climate and environmental changes negatively affect plant growth, biomass and yield production, and also enhance plant susceptibility to pests and diseases. Silicon (Si), as a beneficial element for plants, is involved in plant tolerance and/or resistance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. The beneficial role of Si has been shown in various plant species and its accumulation relies on the root's uptake capacity. However, Si uptake in plants depends on many biogeochemical factors that may be substantially altered in the future, affecting its functional role in plant protection. At present, it is not clear whether Si accumulation in plants will be positively or negatively affected by changing climate and environmental conditions. In this review, we focused on Si interaction with the most important factors of global change and environmental hazards in plants, discussing the potential role of its application as an alleviation strategy for climate and environmental hazards based on current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bokor
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Carla S Santos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dominik Kostoláni
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Joana Machado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre / Inov4Agro, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Marta Nunes da Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre / Inov4Agro, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Susana M P Carvalho
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre / Inov4Agro, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta W Vasconcelos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
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Verma K, Song XP, Tian DD, Singh M, Verma CL, Rajput VD, Singh RK, Sharma A, Singh P, Malviya MK, Li YR. Investigation of Defensive Role of Silicon during Drought Stress Induced by Irrigation Capacity in Sugarcane: Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19811-19821. [PMID: 34368568 PMCID: PMC8340432 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Water stress may become one of the most inevitable factors in years to come regulating crop growth, development, and productivity globally. The application of eco-friendly stress mitigator may sustain physiological fitness of the plants as uptake and accumulation of silicon (Si) found to alleviate stress with plant performance. Our study focused on the mitigative effects of Si using calcium metasilicate (wollastonite powder, CaO·SiO2) in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) prior to the exposure of water stress created by the retention of 50-45% soil moisture capacity. Si (0, 50, 100, and 500 ppm L-1) was supplied through soil irrigation in S. officinarum L. grown at about half of the soil moisture capacity for a period of 90 days. Water stress impaired plant growth, biomass, leaf relative water content, SPAD value, photosynthetic pigments capacity, and photochemical efficiency (F v/F m) of photosystem II. The levels of antioxidative defense-induced enzymes, viz., catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, enhanced. Silicon-treated plants expressed positive correlation with their performance index. A quadratic nonlinear relation observed between loss and gain (%) in physiological and biochemical parameters during water stress upon Si application. Si was found to be effective in restoring the water stress injuries integrated to facilitate the operation of antioxidant defense machinery in S. officinarum L. with improved plant performance index and photosynthetic carbon assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan
K. Verma
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Dan-Dan Tian
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Munna Singh
- Department
of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India
| | - Chhedi Lal Verma
- Irrigation
and Drainage Engineering, ICAR-Central Soil
Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow 226005, India
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy
of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal
University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Pratiksha Singh
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Malviya
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi, China
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Cristofano F, El-Nakhel C, Rouphael Y. Biostimulant Substances for Sustainable Agriculture: Origin, Operating Mechanisms and Effects on Cucurbits, Leafy Greens, and Nightshade Vegetables Species. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1103. [PMID: 34439770 PMCID: PMC8392623 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a pressing matter of anthropogenic nature to which agriculture contributes by abusing production inputs such as inorganic fertilizers and fertigation water, thus degrading land and water sources. Moreover, as the increase in the demand of food in 2050 is estimated to be 25 to 70% more than what is currently produced today, a sustainable intensification of agriculture is needed. Biostimulant substances are products that the EU states work by promoting growth, resistance to plant abiotic stress, and increasing produce quality, and may be a valid strategy to enhance sustainable agricultural practice. Presented in this review is a comprehensive look at the scientific literature regarding the widely used and EU-sanctioned biostimulant substances categories of silicon, seaweed extracts, protein hydrolysates, and humic substances. Starting from their origin, the modulation of plants' hormonal networks, physiology, and stress defense systems, their in vivo effects are discussed on some of the most prominent vegetable species of the popular plant groupings of cucurbits, leafy greens, and nightshades. The review concludes by identifying several research areas relevant to biostimulant substances to exploit and enhance the biostimulant action of these substances and signaling molecules in horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.C.); (C.E.-N.)
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Song XP, Verma KK, Tian DD, Zhang XQ, Liang YJ, Huang X, Li CN, Li YR. Exploration of silicon functions to integrate with biotic stress tolerance and crop improvement. Biol Res 2021; 54:19. [PMID: 34238380 PMCID: PMC8265040 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of climate change, due to increased incidences of a wide range of various environmental stresses, especially biotic and abiotic stresses around the globe, the performance of plants can be affected by these stresses. After oxygen, silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust. It is not considered as an important element, but can be thought of as a multi-beneficial quasi-essential element for plants. This review on silicon presents an overview of the versatile role of this element in a variety of plants. Plants absorb silicon through roots from the rhizospheric soil in the form of silicic or monosilicic acid. Silicon plays a key metabolic function in living organisms due to its relative abundance in the atmosphere. Plants with higher content of silicon in shoot or root are very few prone to attack by pests, and exhibit increased stress resistance. However, the more remarkable impact of silicon is the decrease in the number of seed intensities/soil-borne and foliar diseases of major plant varieties that are infected by biotrophic, hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. The amelioration in disease symptoms are due to the effect of silicon on a some factors involved in providing host resistance namely, duration of incubation, size, shape and number of lesions. The formation of a mechanical barrier beneath the cuticle and in the cell walls by the polymerization of silicon was first proposed as to how this element decreases plant disease severity. The current understanding of how this element enhances resistance in plants subjected to biotic stress, the exact functions and mechanisms by which it modulates plant biology by potentiating the host defence mechanism needs to be studied using genomics, metabolomics and proteomics. The role of silicon in helping the plants in adaption to biotic stress has been discussed which will help to plan in a systematic way the development of more sustainable agriculture for food security and safety in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Peng Song
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Krishan K Verma
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Dan-Dan Tian
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong-Jian Liang
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Chongzuo, 532200, Guangxi, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Chang-Ning Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China.
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Szegő A, Mirmazloum I, Pónya Z, Bat-Erdene O, Omran M, Kiss-Bába E, Gyöngyik M, Papp I. Downregulation of Polyamine and Diamine Oxidases in Silicon-Treated Cucumber. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1248. [PMID: 34205296 PMCID: PMC8235019 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a ubiquitous element in soil with well-known beneficial effects under certain conditions, in several plant species, if supplied in available form for uptake. It may alleviate damage in various stress situations and may also promote growth when no obvious stressors are applied. Effects of Si are often linked to mitigation of oxidative stress, in particular to the induction of antioxidant defense mechanisms. In the work presented, the impact of silicon provision on pro-oxidant systems was investigated in cucumber. Plants of the F1 cultivar hybrid 'Joker' were grown under in vitro conditions in the absence of any applied external stressor. Silicon provision decreased H2O2 content and lowered lipid peroxidation in the leaves of the treated plants. This was paralleled by declining polyamine oxidase (PAO) and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities. Several PAO as well as lipoxygenase (LOX) genes were coordinately downregulated in Si-treated plants. Unlike in similar systems studied earlier, the Si effect was not associated with an increased transcript level of gene coding for antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest an inhibitory effect of Si provision on pro-oxidant amine oxidases, which may decrease the level of reactive oxygen species by retarding their production. This extends the molecular mechanisms linked to silicon effects onto redox balance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Szegő
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Str. 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (O.B.-E.); (M.O.); (E.K.-B.); (M.G.); (I.P.)
| | - Iman Mirmazloum
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Str. 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (O.B.-E.); (M.O.); (E.K.-B.); (M.G.); (I.P.)
| | - Zsolt Pónya
- Division of Applied Food Crop Production, Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agronomy, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
| | - Oyuntogtokh Bat-Erdene
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Str. 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (O.B.-E.); (M.O.); (E.K.-B.); (M.G.); (I.P.)
| | - Mohammad Omran
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Str. 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (O.B.-E.); (M.O.); (E.K.-B.); (M.G.); (I.P.)
| | - Erzsébet Kiss-Bába
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Str. 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (O.B.-E.); (M.O.); (E.K.-B.); (M.G.); (I.P.)
| | - Márta Gyöngyik
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Str. 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (O.B.-E.); (M.O.); (E.K.-B.); (M.G.); (I.P.)
| | - István Papp
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Str. 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (O.B.-E.); (M.O.); (E.K.-B.); (M.G.); (I.P.)
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Evaluation of Indigenous Olive Biocontrol Rhizobacteria as Protectants against Drought and Salt Stress. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061209. [PMID: 34204989 PMCID: PMC8230297 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress caused by drought and salinity may compromise growth and productivity of olive (Olea europaea L.) tree crops. Several studies have reported the use of beneficial rhizobacteria to alleviate symptoms produced by these stresses, which is attributed in some cases to the activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACD). A collection of beneficial olive rhizobacteria was in vitro screened for ACD activity. Pseudomonas sp. PICF6 displayed this phenotype and sequencing of its genome confirmed the presence of an acdS gene. In contrast, the well-known root endophyte and biocontrol agent Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 was defective in ACD activity, even though the presence of an ACD-coding gene was earlier predicted in its genome. In this study, an unidentified deaminase was confirmed instead. Greenhouse experiments with olive ‘Picual’ plants inoculated either with PICF6 or PICF7, or co-inoculated with both strains, and subjected to drought or salt stress were carried out. Several physiological and biochemical parameters increased in stressed plants (i.e., stomatal conductance and flavonoids content), regardless of whether or not they were previously bacterized. Results showed that neither PICF6 (ACD positive) nor PICF7 (ACD negative) lessened the negative effects caused by the abiotic stresses tested, at least under our experimental conditions.
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Biju S, Fuentes S, Gupta D. Silicon modulates nitro-oxidative homeostasis along with the antioxidant metabolism to promote drought stress tolerance in lentil plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1382-1398. [PMID: 33887059 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lentil is the fifth most important grain legume growing in arid/semi-arid regions of the world. Drought is one of the major constraints leading up to 50% of production losses just in lentil. Application of silicon (Si) has been shown to be a promising solution to improve drought tolerance; however, the biochemical mechanisms and interactions involved are not fully understood, especially in legumes. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Si on drought stress tolerance of lentil genotypes. Seven lentil genotypes with different drought tolerance levels (tolerant, moderately tolerant and sensitive) were subjected to moderate and severe drought stress at the onset of the reproductive stage. Results showed that different drought stress treatments significantly decreased the above ground biomass, water status and the concentration of chlorophyll pigments, whereas Si supplementation of drought stressed lentil genotypes significantly improved the same traits, irrespective of their drought tolerant levels. On the other hand, Si effect on osmoregulation leads to a decline in the membrane damage and osmolytes (proline and glycine betaine) concentration in drought-stressed lentil. Application of Si to drought-stressed lentil plants significantly maintained the nitro-oxidative homeostasis by balancing the concentrations of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and nitrous oxide, thereby reducing the oxidative damage caused due to drought stress. Furthermore, Si supplementation also stimulated the efficiency of the glutathione (GSH)-ascorbate (ASC) cycle by increasing the concentrations of GSH and ASC as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes like ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, dehydro-ascorbate reductase and nitrate reductase for better protection of cell membranes from reactive oxygen species. Although Si showed the same regulatory mechanisms in all the studied genotypes to protect lentil plants from moderate and severe drought stress, the defensive role of Si against drought stress was more conspicuous in drought sensitive genotypes than in the tolerant ones. Thus, this study suggests the protective role of Si on drought-stressed lentil genotypes through the modulation of nitro-oxidative homeostasis and antioxidant defence responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajitha Biju
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sigfredo Fuentes
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dorin Gupta
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Pontigo S, Larama G, Parra-Almuna L, Nunes-Nesi A, Mora MDLL, Cartes P. Physiological and molecular insights involved in silicon uptake and transport in ryegrass. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:308-316. [PMID: 33895436 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The silicon (Si) uptake system of two ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars was characterised by assessing the concentration- and time-dependent kinetics. Additionally, a Si transporter gene was isolated from ryegrass and their expression pattern was analysed. The concentration-dependent kinetics was examined in Jumbo and Nui cultivars supplied with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mM Si and harvested at 24 h and 21 d. The time-dependent kinetics was evaluated at 0, 0.5, or 2 mM Si doses after 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h. RACE-PCR was performed to isolate a full-length sequence codifying for a Si transporter, and semi-quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR was used to analyse its expression pattern. Differential Si uptake between ryegrass cultivars was found. Moreover, Lineweaver-Burk linearization showed similar Vmax values between cultivars; however, different Km suggested that Jumbo and Nui may have different affinities for silicic acid. The dissimilarities in Km between cultivars might involve either the differential contribution of known proteins responsible for Si uptake and transport or the involvement of undiscovered Si transporters. We identified a putative Si transporter from ryegrass Nui (LpLsi1), which was only expressed in roots and down-regulated by Si supply. The predicted amino acid sequence of LpLsi1 did not only show a high similarity and close phylogenetic relationship with monocot Si influx transporters but also indicated that it is a membrane protein possessing a high conservation of domains essential for silicic acid selectivity. Our findings provide evidence of LpLsi1 in ryegrass, which supports its high Si accumulation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Pontigo
- Center of Plant-Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Giovanni Larama
- Centro de Excelencia de Modelación y Computación Científica, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Leyla Parra-Almuna
- Center of Plant-Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - María de la Luz Mora
- Center of Plant-Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Paula Cartes
- Center of Plant-Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile.
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Kumawat S, Khatri P, Ahmed A, Vats S, Kumar V, Jaswal R, Wang Y, Xu P, Mandlik R, Shivaraj SM, Deokar A, Sonah H, Sharma TR, Deshmukh R. Understanding aquaporin transport system, silicon and other metalloids uptake and deposition in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124598. [PMID: 33234398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitates the transport of small solutes like water, urea, carbon dioxide, boron, and silicon (Si) and plays a critical role in important physiological processes. In this study, genome-wide characterization of AQPs was performed in bottle gourd. A total of 36 AQPs were identified in the bottle gourd, which were subsequently analyzed to understand the pore-morphology, exon-intron structure, subcellular-localization. In addition, available transcriptome data was used to study the tissue-specific expression. Several AQPs showed tissue-specific expression, more notably the LsiTIP3-1 having a high level of expression in flowers and fruits. Based on the in-silico prediction of solute specificity, LsiNIP2-1 was predicted to be a Si transporter. Silicon was quantified in different tissues, including root, young leaves, mature leaves, tendrils, and fruits of bottle gourd plants. More than 1.3% Si (d.w.) was observed in bottle gourd leaves, testified the in-silico predictions. Silicon deposition evaluated with an energy-dispersive X-ray coupled with a scanning electron microscope showed a high Si accumulation in the shaft of leaf trichomes. Similarly, co-localization of Si with arsenic and antimony was observed. Expression profiling performed with real-time quantitative PCR showed differential expression of AQPs in response to Si supplementation. The information provided in the present study will be helpful to better understand the AQP transport mechanism, particularly Si and other metalloids transport and localization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Kumawat
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Khatri
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ashique Ahmed
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India; Darrang College, Tezpur, Sonitpur, Assam, India
| | - Sanskriti Vats
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rajdeep Jaswal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei Xu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - S M Shivaraj
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Deokar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India; Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.
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