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Ciesielska M, Adamiec M, Luciński R. S2P2-the chloroplast-located intramembrane protease and its impact on the stoichiometry and functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of A. thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1372318. [PMID: 38559762 PMCID: PMC10978774 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1372318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
S2P2 is a nuclear-encoded protease, potentially located in chloroplasts, which belongs to the zinc-containing, intramembrane, site-2 protease (S2P) family. In A. thaliana cells, most of the S2P proteases are located within the chloroplasts, where they play an important role in the development of chloroplasts, maintaining proper stoichiometric relations between polypeptides building photosynthetic complexes and influencing the sensitivity of plants to photoinhibitory conditions. Among the known chloroplast S2P proteases, S2P2 protease is one of the least known. Its exact location within the chloroplast is not known, nor is anything known about its possible physiological functions. Therefore, we decided to investigate an intra-chloroplast localization and the possible physiological role of S2P2. To study the intra-chloroplast localization of S2P2, we used specific anti-S2P2 antibodies and highly purified chloroplast fractions containing envelope, stroma, and thylakoid proteins. To study the physiological role of the protease, we used two lines of insertion mutants lacking the S2P2 protease protein. Here, we present results demonstrating the thylakoid localization of S2P2. Moreover, we present experimental evidence indicating that the lack of S2P2 in A. thaliana chloroplasts leads to a significant decrease in the level of photosystem I and photosystem II core proteins: PsaB, PsbA, PsbD, and PsbC, as well as polypeptides building both the main light-harvesting antenna (LHC II), Lhcb1 and Lhcb2, as well as Lhcb4 and Lhcb5 polypeptides, constituting elements of the minor, peripheral antenna system. These changes are associated with a decrease in the number of PS II-LHC II supercomplexes. The consequence of these disorders is a greater sensitivity of s2p2 mutants to photoinhibition. The obtained results clearly indicate that the S2P2 protease is another thylakoid protein that plays an important role in the proper functioning of A. thaliana chloroplasts, especially in high-light-intensity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Luciński
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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Djalovic I, Kundu S, Bahuguna RN, Pareek A, Raza A, Singla-Pareek SL, Prasad PVV, Varshney RK. Maize and heat stress: Physiological, genetic, and molecular insights. THE PLANT GENOME 2024; 17:e20378. [PMID: 37587553 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Global mean temperature is increasing at a rapid pace due to the rapid emission of greenhouse gases majorly from anthropogenic practices and predicted to rise up to 1.5°C above the pre-industrial level by the year 2050. The warming climate is affecting global crop production by altering biochemical, physiological, and metabolic processes resulting in poor growth, development, and reduced yield. Maize is susceptible to heat stress, particularly at the reproductive and early grain filling stages. Interestingly, heat stress impact on crops is closely regulated by associated environmental covariables such as humidity, vapor pressure deficit, soil moisture content, and solar radiation. Therefore, heat stress tolerance is considered as a complex trait, which requires multiple levels of regulations in plants. Exploring genetic diversity from landraces and wild accessions of maize is a promising approach to identify novel donors, traits, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), and genes, which can be introgressed into the elite cultivars. Indeed, genome wide association studies (GWAS) for mining of potential QTL(s) and dominant gene(s) is a major route of crop improvement. Conversely, mutation breeding is being utilized for generating variation in existing populations with narrow genetic background. Besides breeding approaches, augmented production of heat shock factors (HSFs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been reported in transgenic maize to provide heat stress tolerance. Recent advancements in molecular techniques including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) would expedite the process for developing thermotolerant maize genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sayanta Kundu
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | | | - Ashwani Pareek
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ali Raza
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - P V Vara Prasad
- Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sustainable Intensification, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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Che R, Liu Y, Yan S, Yang C, Sun Y, Liu C, Ma F. Elongation factor MdEF-Tu coordinates with heat shock protein MdHsp70 to enhance apple thermotolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1250-1263. [PMID: 37991990 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature stress results in protein misfolding/unfolding and subsequently promotes the accumulation of cytotoxic protein aggregates that can compromise cell survival. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) function as molecular chaperones that coordinate the refolding and degradation of aggregated proteins to mitigate the detrimental effects of high temperatures. However, the relationship between HSPs and protein aggregates in apples under high temperatures remains unclear. Here, we show that an apple (Malus domestica) chloroplast-localized, heat-sensitive elongation factor Tu (MdEF-Tu), positively regulates apple thermotolerance when it is overexpressed. Transgenic apple plants exhibited higher photosynthetic capacity and better integrity of chloroplasts during heat stress. Under high temperatures, MdEF-Tu formed insoluble aggregates accompanied by ubiquitination modifications. Furthermore, we identified a chaperone heat shock protein (MdHsp70), as an interacting protein of MdEF-Tu. Moreover, we observed obviously elevated MdHsp70 levels in 35S: MdEF-Tu apple plants that prevented the accumulation of ubiquitinated MdEF-Tu aggregates, which positively contributes to the thermotolerance of the transgenic plants. Overall, our results provide new insights into the molecular chaperone function of MdHsp70, which mediates the homeostasis of thermosensitive proteins under high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runmin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuerong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shengqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yubo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Changhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Falcioni R, Chicati ML, de Oliveira RB, Antunes WC, Hasanuzzaman M, Demattê JAM, Nanni MR. Decreased Photosynthetic Efficiency in Nicotiana tabacum L. under Transient Heat Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:395. [PMID: 38337928 PMCID: PMC10856914 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress is an abiotic factor that affects the photosynthetic parameters of plants. In this study, we examined the photosynthetic mechanisms underlying the rapid response of tobacco plants to heat stress in a controlled environment. To evaluate transient heat stress conditions, changes in photochemical, carboxylative, and fluorescence efficiencies were measured using an infrared gas analyser (IRGA Licor 6800) coupled with chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements. Our findings indicated that significant disruptions in the photosynthetic machinery occurred at 45 °C for 6 h following transient heat treatment, as explained by 76.2% in the principal component analysis. The photosynthetic mechanism analysis revealed that the dark respiration rate (Rd and Rd*CO2) increased, indicating a reduced potential for carbon fixation during plant growth and development. When the light compensation point (LCP) increased as the light saturation point (LSP) decreased, this indicated potential damage to the photosystem membrane of the thylakoids. Other photosynthetic parameters, such as AMAX, VCMAX, JMAX, and ΦCO2, also decreased, compromising both photochemical and carboxylative efficiencies in the Calvin-Benson cycle. The energy dissipation mechanism, as indicated by the NPQ, qN, and thermal values, suggested that a photoprotective strategy may have been employed. However, the observed transitory damage was a result of disruption of the electron transport rate (ETR) between the PSII and PSI photosystems, which was initially caused by high temperatures. Our study highlights the impact of rapid temperature changes on plant physiology and the potential acclimatisation mechanisms under rapid heat stress. Future research should focus on exploring the adaptive mechanisms involved in distinguishing mutants to improve crop resilience against environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Falcioni
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.L.C.); (R.B.d.O.); (W.C.A.); (M.R.N.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Luiz Chicati
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.L.C.); (R.B.d.O.); (W.C.A.); (M.R.N.)
| | - Roney Berti de Oliveira
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.L.C.); (R.B.d.O.); (W.C.A.); (M.R.N.)
| | - Werner Camargos Antunes
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.L.C.); (R.B.d.O.); (W.C.A.); (M.R.N.)
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - José A. M. Demattê
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba 13418-260, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marcos Rafael Nanni
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.L.C.); (R.B.d.O.); (W.C.A.); (M.R.N.)
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Barratt LJ, Franco Ortega S, Harper AL. Identification of candidate regulators of the response to early heat stress in climate-adapted wheat landraces via transcriptomic and co-expression network analyses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1252885. [PMID: 38235195 PMCID: PMC10791870 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1252885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Climate change is likely to lead to not only increased global temperatures but also a more variable climate where unseasonal periods of heat stress are more prevalent. This has been evidenced by the observation of spring-time temperatures approaching 40°C in some of the main spring-wheat producing countries, such as the USA, in recent years. With an optimum growth temperature of around 20°C, wheat is particularly prone to damage by heat stress. A warming climate with increasingly common fluctuations in temperature therefore threatens wheat crops and subsequently the lives and livelihoods of billions of people who depend on the crop for food. To futureproof wheat against a variable climate, a better understanding of the response to early heat stress is required. Methods Here, we utilised DESeq2 to identify 7,827 genes which were differentially expressed in wheat landraces after early heat stress exposure. Candidate hub genes, which may regulate the transcriptional response to early heat stress, were identified via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and validated by qRT-PCR. Results Two of the most promising candidate hub genes (TraesCS3B02G409300 and TraesCS1B02G384900) may downregulate the expression of genes involved in the drought, salinity, and cold responses-genes which are unlikely to be required under heat stress-as well as photosynthesis genes and stress hormone signalling repressors, respectively. We also suggest a role for a poorly characterised sHSP hub gene (TraesCS4D02G212300), as an activator of the heat stress response, potentially inducing the expression of a vast suite of heat shock proteins and transcription factors known to play key roles in the heat stress response. Discussion The present work represents an exploratory examination of the heat-induced transcriptional change in wheat landrace seedlings and identifies several candidate hub genes which may act as regulators of this response and, thus, may be targets for breeders in the production of thermotolerant wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea L. Harper
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Lucinski R, Dobrogojski J, Ishikawa T, Adamiec M. The role of EGY2 protease in response to high light stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23243. [PMID: 38190657 DOI: 10.1071/fp23243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the importance of one of the intramembrane proteases, EGY2, for the proper functioning of PSII under short-term high light stress conditions. EGY2 is a chloroplast intramembrane protease of the S2P family, whose absence in Arabidopsis thaliana affects PSII protein composition. The egy2 mutants exhibited a slower degradation of PsbA and decreased content of PsbC and PsbD. During exposure to high light stress, these stoichiometric changes affect the functional state of PSII, leading to its higher sensitivity to photoinhibition of the PSII reaction centre and increased heat dissipation. Furthermore, we explored the relationship between EGY2 and the pTAC16 transcription factor, which is a potential EGY2 substrate. Under light stress, WT plants showed decreased levels of pTAC16, while it remained unchanged in the egy2 mutants. This finding suggests that EGY2 may release pTAC16 from thylakoid membranes through proteolytic cleavage. We also confirmed the physical interaction between EGY2 and pTAC16 using the yeast two-hybrid system, providing evidence of EGY2's involvement in the regulation of PsbA and PsbC/PsbD operons by releasing pTAC16 from the thylakoid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lucinski
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jedrzej Dobrogojski
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Takao Ishikawa
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Adamiec
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Poznan, Poland
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Zhang Y, Zheng J, Zhan Y, Yu Z, Liu S, Lu X, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Li H, Feng Y, Teng W, Li W, Han Y, Zhao X, Li Y. GmPLP1 negatively regulates soybean resistance to high light stress by modulating photosynthetic capacity and reactive oxygen species accumulation in a blue light-dependent manner. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2625-2640. [PMID: 37594728 PMCID: PMC10651158 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
High light stress is an important factor limiting crop yield. Light receptors play an important role in the response to high light stress, but their mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we found that the abundance of GmPLP1, a positive blue light receptor protein, was significantly inhibited by high light stress and mainly responded to high blue light. GmPLP1 RNA-interference soybean lines exhibited higher light energy utilization ability and less light damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in leaves under high light stress, while the phenotype of GmPLP1:GmPLP1-Flag overexpression soybean showed the opposite characteristics. Then, we identified a protein-protein interaction between GmPLP1 and GmVTC2, and the intensity of this interaction was primarily affected by sensing the intensity of blue light. More importantly, overexpression of GmVTC2b improved soybean tolerance to high light stress by enhancing the ROS scavenging capability through increasing the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. This regulation was significantly enhanced after interfering with a GmPLP1-interference fragment in GmVTC2b-ox soybean leaves, but was weakened when GmPLP1 was transiently overexpressed. These findings demonstrate that GmPLP1 regulates the photosynthetic capacity and ROS accumulation of soybean to adapt to changes in light intensity by sensing blue light. In summary, this study discovered a new mechanism through which GmPLP1 participates in high light stress in soybean, which has great significance for improving soybean yield and the adaptability of soybean to high light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jiqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yuhang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
- Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research InstituteHarbinChina
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xiangpeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zeyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xiaoyue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Haibin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Weili Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yingpeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
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Wang J, Chen C, Wu C, Meng Q, Zhuang K, Ma N. SlMYB41 positively regulates tomato thermotolerance by activating the expression of SlHSP90.3. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108106. [PMID: 37879127 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature stress has become a major abiotic factor that dramatically limits plant growth and crop yield. Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to cope with high-temperature stress, but the factors that regulate plant thermotolerance remain to be discovered. Here, a high temperature-induced MYB transcription factor SlMYB41 was cloned from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Two individual SlMYB41-RNA interference (RNAi) lines (MR) and one CRISPR/Cas9 mediated myb41 mutant (MC) were obtained to investigate the function of SlMYB41 in tomato thermotolerance. Under high-temperature stress, we found that the MR and MC lines showed more wilting than the wild type (WT), with more ion leakage, more MDA accumulation, lower contents of osmotic adjustment substances, and more accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which was resulted from lower antioxidative enzyme activities. In addition, the photosynthetic capacity and complex of MR and MC lines were damaged more seriously than WT plants under high-temperature stress, mainly manifested in lower photosynthetic rate and Fv/Fm. Moreover, heat stress-related genes, such as SlHSP17.6, SlHSP17.7, and SlHSP90.3 were downregulated in MR and MC lines. Importantly, Y1H and LUC analysis indicated that SlMYB41 can directly activate the transcription of SlHSP90.3. Together, our study suggest that SlMYB41 positively regulates tomato thermotolerance by activating the expression of SlHSP90.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chong Chen
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong, 274015, China
| | - Chuanzhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Kunyang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Nana Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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9
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Kitavi M, Gemenet DC, Wood JC, Hamilton JP, Wu S, Fei Z, Khan A, Buell CR. Identification of genes associated with abiotic stress tolerance in sweetpotato using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e532. [PMID: 37794882 PMCID: PMC10546384 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.), a key food security crop, is negatively impacted by heat, drought, and salinity stress. The orange-fleshed sweetpotato cultivar "Beauregard" was exposed to heat, salt, and drought treatments for 24 and 48 h to identify genes responding to each stress condition in leaves. Analysis revealed both common (35 up regulated, 259 down regulated genes in the three stress conditions) and unique sets of up regulated (1337 genes by drought, 516 genes by heat, and 97 genes by salt stress) and down regulated (2445 genes by drought, 678 genes by heat, and 204 genes by salt stress) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) suggesting common, yet stress-specific transcriptional responses to these three abiotic stressors. Gene Ontology analysis of down regulated DEGs common to both heat and salt stress revealed enrichment of terms associated with "cell population proliferation" suggestive of an impact on the cell cycle by the two stress conditions. To identify shared and unique gene co-expression networks under multiple abiotic stress conditions, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed using gene expression profiles from heat, salt, and drought stress treated 'Beauregard' leaves yielding 18 co-expression modules. One module was enriched for "response to water deprivation," "response to abscisic acid," and "nitrate transport" indicating synergetic crosstalk between nitrogen, water, and phytohormones with genes encoding osmotin, cell expansion, and cell wall modification proteins present as key hub genes in this drought-associated module. This research lays the groundwork for exploring to a further degree, mechanisms for abiotic stress tolerance in sweetpotato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy Kitavi
- Research Technology Support Facility (RTSF)Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Center for Applied Genetic TechnologiesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Dorcus C. Gemenet
- International Potato CenterLimaPeru
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF HouseNairobiKenya
| | - Joshua C. Wood
- Center for Applied Genetic TechnologiesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - John P. Hamilton
- Center for Applied Genetic TechnologiesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Crop & Soil SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Shan Wu
- Boyce Thompson InstituteCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson InstituteCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Awais Khan
- International Potato CenterLimaPeru
- Present address:
Plant Pathology and Plant‐Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityGenevaNew YorkUSA
| | - C. Robin Buell
- Center for Applied Genetic TechnologiesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Crop & Soil SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, & GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
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Robson JK, Ferguson JN, McAusland L, Atkinson JA, Tranchant-Dubreuil C, Cubry P, Sabot F, Wells DM, Price AH, Wilson ZA, Murchie EH. Chlorophyll fluorescence-based high-throughput phenotyping facilitates the genetic dissection of photosynthetic heat tolerance in African (Oryza glaberrima) and Asian (Oryza sativa) rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5181-5197. [PMID: 37347829 PMCID: PMC10498015 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures and extreme heat events threaten rice production. Half of the global population relies on rice for basic nutrition, and therefore developing heat-tolerant rice is essential. During vegetative development, reduced photosynthetic rates can limit growth and the capacity to store soluble carbohydrates. The photosystem II (PSII) complex is a particularly heat-labile component of photosynthesis. We have developed a high-throughput chlorophyll fluorescence-based screen for photosynthetic heat tolerance capable of screening hundreds of plants daily. Through measuring the response of maximum PSII efficiency to increasing temperature, this platform generates data for modelling the PSII-temperature relationship in large populations in a small amount of time. Coefficients from these models (photosynthetic heat tolerance traits) demonstrated high heritabilities across African (Oryza glaberrima) and Asian (Oryza sativa, Bengal Assam Aus Panel) rice diversity sets, highlighting valuable genetic variation accessible for breeding. Genome-wide association studies were performed across both species for these traits, representing the first documented attempt to characterize the genetic basis of photosynthetic heat tolerance in any species to date. A total of 133 candidate genes were highlighted. These were significantly enriched with genes whose predicted roles suggested influence on PSII activity and the response to stress. We discuss the most promising candidates for improving photosynthetic heat tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan K Robson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - John N Ferguson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Lorna McAusland
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jonathan A Atkinson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Phillipe Cubry
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, 911 Av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - François Sabot
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, 911 Av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Darren M Wells
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Adam H Price
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, 911 Av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Erik H Murchie
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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11
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Zhao Y, Yang P, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Yang Y, Liu Z. Insights into the physiological, molecular, and genetic regulators of albinism in Camellia sinensis leaves. Front Genet 2023; 14:1219335. [PMID: 37745858 PMCID: PMC10516542 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1219335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Yanling Yinbiancha, a cultivar of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, is an evergreen woody perennial with characteristic albino leaves. A mutant variant with green leaves on branches has been recently identified. The molecular mechanisms underlying this color variation remain unknown. Methods: We aimed to utilize omics tools to decipher the molecular basis for this color variation, with the ultimate goal of enhancing existing germplasm and utilizing it in future breeding programs. Results and discussion: Albinotic leaves exhibited significant chloroplast degeneration and reduced carotenoid accumulation. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of the two variants revealed 1,412 differentially expressed genes and 127 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Enrichment analysis for DEGs suggested significant enrichment of pathways involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins, porphyrin, chlorophyll, and carotenoids. To further narrow down the causal variation for albinotic leaves, we performed a conjoint analysis of metabolome and transcriptome and identified putative candidate genes responsible for albinism in C. sinensis leaves. 12, 7, and 28 DEGs were significantly associated with photosynthesis, porphyrin/chlorophyll metabolism, and flavonoid metabolism, respectively. Chlorophyllase 2, Chlorophyll a-Binding Protein 4A, Chlorophyll a-Binding Protein 24, Stay Green Regulator, Photosystem II Cytochrome b559 subunit beta along with transcription factors AP2, bZIP, MYB, and WRKY were identified as a potential regulator of albinism in Yanling Yinbiancha. Moreover, we identified Anthocyanidin reductase and Arabidopsis Response Regulator 1 as DEGs influencing flavonoid accumulation in albino leaves. Identification of genes related to albinism in C. sinensis may facilitate genetic modification or development of molecular markers, potentially enhancing cultivation efficiency and expanding the germplasm for utilization in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhen Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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12
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Leles SG, Levine NM. Mechanistic constraints on the trade-off between photosynthesis and respiration in response to warming. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh8043. [PMID: 37656790 PMCID: PMC10796116 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton are responsible for half of all oxygen production and drive the ocean carbon cycle. Metabolic theory predicts that increasing global temperatures will cause phytoplankton to become more heterotrophic and smaller. Here, we uncover the metabolic trade-offs between cellular space, energy, and stress management driving phytoplankton thermal acclimation and how these might be overcome through evolutionary adaptation. We show that the observed relationships between traits such as chlorophyll, lipid content, C:N, and size can be predicted on the basis of the metabolic demands of the cell, the thermal dependency of transporters, and changes in membrane lipids. We suggest that many of the observed relationships are not fixed physiological constraints but rather can be altered through adaptation. For example, the evolution of lipid metabolism can favor larger cells with higher lipid content to mitigate oxidative stress. These results have implications for rates of carbon sequestration and export in a warmer ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana G. Leles
- Department of Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Kumar A, Prasad A, Sedlářová M, Pospíšil P. Malondialdehyde enhances PsbP protein release during heat stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107984. [PMID: 37669610 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Under environmental conditions, plants are exposed to various abiotic and biotic stress factors, which commonly cause the oxidation of lipids and proteins. Lipid peroxidation constantly produces malondialdehyde (MDA), a secondary product of lipid peroxidation, which is covalently bound to proteins forming MDA-protein adducts. The spatial distribution of MDA-protein adducts in Arabidopsis leaves shows that MDA-protein adducts are located in the chloroplasts, uniformly spread out over the thylakoid membrane. At the lumenal side of thylakoid membrane, MDA interacts with PsbP, an extrinsic subunit of the photosystem II (PSII), which is in electrostatic interaction with the PSII core proteins. Under heat stress, when MDA is moderately enhanced, the electrostatic interaction between PsbP and PSII core proteins is weakened, and PsbP with bound MDA is released in the lumen. It is proposed here that the electrophilic MDA is bound to the nucleophilic lysine residues of PsbP, which are involved in electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged glutamate of the PSII core protein. Our data provide crucial information about the MDA binding topology in the higher plant PSII complex, which is necessary to understand better the physiological functions of MDA for plant survival under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Sedlářová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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14
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Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Bell JD. Informing the Cannabis Conjecture: From Life's Beginnings to Mitochondria, Membranes and the Electrome-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13070. [PMID: 37685877 PMCID: PMC10488084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Before the late 1980s, ideas around how the lipophilic phytocannabinoids might be working involved membranes and bioenergetics as these disciplines were "in vogue". However, as interest in genetics and pharmacology grew, interest in mitochondria (and membranes) waned. The discovery of the cognate receptor for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) led to the classification of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and the conjecture that phytocannabinoids might be "working" through this system. However, the how and the "why" they might be beneficial, especially for compounds like CBD, remains unclear. Given the centrality of membranes and mitochondria in complex organisms, and their evolutionary heritage from the beginnings of life, revisiting phytocannabinoid action in this light could be enlightening. For example, life can be described as a self-organising and replicating far from equilibrium dissipating system, which is defined by the movement of charge across a membrane. Hence the building evidence, at least in animals, that THC and CBD modulate mitochondrial function could be highly informative. In this paper, we offer a unique perspective to the question, why and how do compounds like CBD potentially work as medicines in so many different conditions? The answer, we suggest, is that they can modulate membrane fluidity in a number of ways and thus dissipation and engender homeostasis, particularly under stress. To understand this, we need to embrace origins of life theories, the role of mitochondria in plants and explanations of disease and ageing from an adaptive thermodynamic perspective, as well as quantum mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair V. W. Nunn
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK; (G.W.G.); (J.D.B.)
- The Guy Foundation, Beaminster DT8 3HY, UK
| | - Geoffrey W. Guy
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK; (G.W.G.); (J.D.B.)
- The Guy Foundation, Beaminster DT8 3HY, UK
| | - Jimmy D. Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK; (G.W.G.); (J.D.B.)
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15
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Lü J, Yang M, Meng Q, Zhuang K, Ma N. Chloroplast metalloproteinase SlL2 reduces the thermotolerance of tomato by decreasing the content of SlCDJ1. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1193-1205. [PMID: 36749384 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast is one of the most sensitive organelles to heat stress in plants. In chloroplasts, various proteases affect photosynthesis by degrading proteins under stress conditions. Tomato Lutescent2 (SlL2), a chloroplast zinc metalloprotease, was previously reported to alter chloroplast development and delay fruit ripening. However, its enzyme activity and roles in plant response to abiotic stress are still unclear. Here, we confirmed that the SlL2 protein which localized on thylakoid membrane was an ATP-independent hydrolase, and SlL2 gene responded to heat stress. Phenotype analysis showed that SlL2 plays a negative role in the heat-response mechanism. Under heat stress, the transgenic plants overexpressing SlL2 (OE) grew worse than the wild type (WT), as reflected by their decreased membrane stability, osmotic-regulating substance, and antioxidative enzyme activities, as well as increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. By contrast, l2 mutant line showed the opposite phenotype and corresponding physiological indices under heat stress. In addition, overexpression of SlL2 decreased the photosynthetic activities, especially photosystem II. Moreover, SlL2 was found to interact with chloroplast-located chaperone protein SlCDJ1, decreasing its content under heat stress. These results indicate that SlL2 reduces the thermotolerance of tomato by reducing the content of SlCDJ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Minmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Kunyang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Nana Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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16
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Alonso-Sáez L, Palacio AS, Cabello AM, Robaina-Estévez S, González JM, Garczarek L, López-Urrutia Á. Transcriptional Mechanisms of Thermal Acclimation in Prochlorococcus. mBio 2023:e0342522. [PMID: 37052490 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03425-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Low temperature limits the growth and the distribution of the key oceanic primary producer Prochlorococcus, which does not proliferate above a latitude of ca. 40°. Yet, the molecular basis of thermal acclimation in this cyanobacterium remains unexplored. We analyzed the transcriptional response of the Prochlorococcus marinus strain MIT9301 in long-term acclimations and in natural Prochlorococcus populations along a temperature range enabling its growth (17 to 30°C). MIT9301 upregulated mechanisms of the global stress response at the temperature minimum (17°C) but maintained the expression levels of genes involved in essential metabolic pathways (e.g., ATP synthesis and carbon fixation) along the whole thermal niche. Notably, the declining growth of MIT9301 from the optimum to the minimum temperature was coincident with a transcriptional suppression of the photosynthetic apparatus and a dampening of its circadian expression patterns, indicating a loss in their regulatory capacity under cold conditions. Under warm conditions, the cellular transcript inventory of MIT9301 was strongly streamlined, which may also induce regulatory imbalances due to stochasticity in gene expression. The daytime transcriptional suppression of photosynthetic genes at low temperature was also observed in metatranscriptomic reads mapping to MIT9301 across the global ocean, implying that this molecular mechanism may be associated with the restricted distribution of Prochlorococcus to temperate zones. IMPORTANCE Prochlorococcus is a major marine primary producer with a global impact on atmospheric CO2 fixation. This cyanobacterium is widely distributed across the temperate ocean, but virtually absent at latitudes above 40° for yet unknown reasons. Temperature has been suggested as a major limiting factor, but the exact mechanisms behind Prochlorococcus thermal growth restriction remain unexplored. This study brings us closer to understanding how Prochlorococcus functions under challenging temperature conditions, by focusing on its transcriptional response after long-term acclimation from its optimum to its thermal thresholds. Our results show that the drop in Prochlorococcus growth rate under cold conditions was paralleled by a transcriptional suppression of the photosynthetic machinery during daytime and a loss in the organism's regulatory capacity to maintain circadian expression patterns. Notably, warm temperature induced a marked shrinkage of the organism's cellular transcript inventory, which may also induce regulatory imbalances in the future functioning of this cyanobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alonso-Sáez
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Antonio S Palacio
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Ana M Cabello
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sukarrieta, Spain
| | | | - José M González
- Department of Microbiology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Laurence Garczarek
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment (AD2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France
| | - Ángel López-Urrutia
- Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO-CSIC, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
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17
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Harbart V, Frede K, Fitzner M, Baldermann S. Regulation of carotenoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways in Lactuca sativa var capitate L. in protected cultivation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1124750. [PMID: 36866364 PMCID: PMC9971571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1124750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the face of a growing world population and limited land, there is an urgent demand for higher productivity of food crops, and cultivation systems must be adapted to future needs. Sustainable crop production should aim for not only high yields, but also high nutritional values. In particular, the consumption of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids and flavonoids is associated with a reduced incidence of non-transmissible diseases. Modulating environmental conditions by improving cultivation systems can lead to the adaption of plant metabolisms and the accumulation of bioactive compounds. The present study investigates the regulation of carotenoid and flavonoid metabolisms in lettuce (Lactuca sativa var capitate L.) grown in a protected environment (polytunnels) compared to plants grown without polytunnels. Carotenoid, flavonoid and phytohormone (ABA) contents were determined using HPLC-MS and transcript levels of key metabolic genes were analyzed by RT-qPCR. In this study, we observed inverse contents of flavonoids and carotenoids in lettuce grown without or under polytunnels. Flavonoid contents on a total and individual level were significantly lower, while total carotenoid content was higher in lettuce plants grown under polytunnels compared to without. However, the adaptation was specific to the level of individual carotenoids. For instance, the accumulation of the main carotenoids lutein and neoxanthin was induced while the β-carotene content remained unchanged. In addition, our findings suggest that the flavonoid content of lettuce depends on transcript levels of the key biosynthetic enzyme, which is modulated by UV light. A regulatory influence can be assumed based on the relation between the concentration of the phytohormone ABA and the flavonoid content in lettuce. In contrast, the carotenoid content is not reflected in transcript levels of the key enzyme of either the biosynthetic or the degradation pathway. Nevertheless, the carotenoid metabolic flux determined using norflurazon was higher in lettuce grown under polytunnels, suggesting posttranscriptional regulation of carotenoid accumulation, which should be an integral part of future studies. Therefore, a balance needs to be found between the individual environmental factors, including light and temperature, in order to optimize the carotenoid or flavonoid contents and to obtain nutritionally highly valuable crops in protected cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Harbart
- Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren, Germany
- Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Katja Frede
- Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Maria Fitzner
- Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren, Germany
- Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, Food Metabolome, University of Bayreuth, Kulmbach, Germany
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18
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Taratima W, Chuanchumkan C, Maneerattanarungroj P, Trunjaruen A, Theerakulpisut P, Dongsansuk A. Effect of Heat Stress on Some Physiological and Anatomical Characteristics of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. KDML105 Callus and Seedling. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111587. [PMID: 36358287 PMCID: PMC9687333 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Climate change is currently threatening agriculture all around the world, resulting in a lack of water and restricting the growth of plants, especially rice. Rice production decreases with the increase in temperature. An improvement in fundamental knowledge is necessary to comprehend plant adaptation mechanisms as responses to heat stress. Physiological and anatomical responses of Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105) rice to artificial heat stress were studied. Our findings offer useful data for projects aimed at improving heat stress tolerance in rice to enhance long-term global food security. Abstract Global warming is a serious problem, with significant negative impacts on agricultural productivity. To better understand plant anatomical adaptation mechanisms as responses to heat stress, improved basic knowledge is required. This research studied the physiological and anatomical responses of Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105) to artificial heat stress. Dehusked seeds were sterilized and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with 3 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for callus induction. The cultures were maintained at 25 °C and 35 °C for 4 weeks, while the other culture was treated with heat shock at 42 °C for 1 week before further incubation at 25 °C for 3 weeks. Results revealed that elevated temperatures (35 °C and 42 °C) adversely impacted seedling growth. Plant height, root length, leaf number per plant, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content decreased after heat stress treatment, while malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage percentage significantly increased, compared to the control. Heat stress induced ROS accumulation, leading to lipid peroxidation and membrane instability. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) results also confirmed negative correlations between MDA, electrolyte leakage and other parameters. MDA content and electrolyte leakage are effective indicators of heat stress in rice. Surface anatomical responses of rice seedlings to heat stress were studied but significant alterations were not observed, and heat stress had no significant negative effects on KDML105 calli. Size and mass of calli increased because heat stress stimulated gene expression that induced thermotolerance. Our results provide useful information for rice breeding and heat stress tolerance programs to benefit long-term global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worasitikulya Taratima
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Salt Tolerant Rice Research Group, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +66-99459-9622
| | - Chantima Chuanchumkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Attachai Trunjaruen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Salt Tolerant Rice Research Group, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Piyada Theerakulpisut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Salt Tolerant Rice Research Group, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anoma Dongsansuk
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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19
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Mandal S, Ghorai M, Anand U, Samanta D, Kant N, Mishra T, Rahman MH, Jha NK, Jha SK, Lal MK, Tiwari RK, Kumar M, Radha, Prasanth DA, Mane AB, Gopalakrishnan AV, Biswas P, Proćków J, Dey A. Cytokinin and abiotic stress tolerance -What has been accomplished and the way forward? Front Genet 2022; 13:943025. [PMID: 36017502 PMCID: PMC9395584 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.943025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
More than a half-century has passed since it was discovered that phytohormone cytokinin (CK) is essential to drive cytokinesis and proliferation in plant tissue culture. Thereafter, cytokinin has emerged as the primary regulator of the plant cell cycle and numerous developmental processes. Lately, a growing body of evidence suggests that cytokinin has a role in mitigating both abiotic and biotic stress. Cytokinin is essential to defend plants against excessive light exposure and a unique kind of abiotic stress generated by an altered photoperiod. Secondly, cytokinin also exhibits multi-stress resilience under changing environments. Furthermore, cytokinin homeostasis is also affected by several forms of stress. Therefore, the diverse roles of cytokinin in reaction to stress, as well as its interactions with other hormones, are discussed in detail. When it comes to agriculture, understanding the functioning processes of cytokinins under changing environmental conditions can assist in utilizing the phytohormone, to increase productivity. Through this review, we briefly describe the biological role of cytokinin in enhancing the performance of plants growth under abiotic challenges as well as the probable mechanisms underpinning cytokinin-induced stress tolerance. In addition, the article lays forth a strategy for using biotechnological tools to modify genes in the cytokinin pathway to engineer abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The information presented here will assist in better understanding the function of cytokinin in plants and their effective investigation in the cropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanti Mandal
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- CytoGene Research & Development LLP, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipu Samanta
- Department of Botany, Dr. Kanailal Bhattacharyya College, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Nishi Kant
- School of Health and Allied Science, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Tulika Mishra
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Abhijit Bhagwan Mane
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Patangrao Kadam Mahavidhyalaya (affiliated to Shivaji University Kolhapur), Ramanandnagar (Burli), Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Protha Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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20
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Hydrogen Sulfide, Ethylene, and Nitric Oxide Regulate Redox Homeostasis and Protect Photosynthetic Metabolism under High Temperature Stress in Rice Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081478. [PMID: 36009197 PMCID: PMC9405544 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rising temperatures worldwide due to global climate change are a major scientific issue at present. The present study reports the effects of gaseous signaling molecules, ethylene (200 µL L−1; 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid; ethephon, Eth), nitric oxide (NO; 100 µM sodium nitroprusside; SNP), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S; 200 µM sodium hydrosulfide, NaHS) in high temperature stress (HS) tolerance, and whether or not H2S contributes to ethylene or NO-induced thermo-tolerance and photosynthetic protection in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, i.e., Taipei-309, and Rasi. Plants exposed to an HS of 40 °C for six h per day for 15 days caused a reduction in rice biomass, associated with decreased photosynthesis and leaf water status. High temperature stress increased oxidative stress by increasing the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in rice leaves. These signaling molecules increased biomass, leaf water status, osmolytes, antioxidants, and photosynthesis of plants under non-stress and high temperature stress. However, the effect was more conspicuous with ethylene than NO and H2S. The application of H2S scavenger hypotaurine (HT) reversed the effect of ethylene or NO on photosynthesis under HS. This supports the findings that the ameliorating effects of Eth or SNP involved H2S. Thus, the presence of H2S with ethylene or NO can enhance thermo-tolerance while also protecting plant photosynthesis.
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21
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Adamiec M, Dobrogojski J, Wojtyla Ł, Luciński R. Stress-related expression of the chloroplast EGY3 pseudoprotease and its possible impact on chloroplasts' proteome composition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:965143. [PMID: 35937369 PMCID: PMC9355673 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.965143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The EGY3 is a pseudoprotease, located in the thylakoid membrane, that shares homology with the family of site-2-proteases (S2P). Although S2P proteases are present in the cells of all living organisms, the EGY3 was found only in plant cells. The sequence of the pseudoprotease is highly conserved in the plant kingdom; however, little is known about its physiological importance. Results obtained with real-time PCR indicated that the expression of the EGY3 gene is dramatically induced during the first few hours of exposure to high light and high-temperature stress. The observed increase in transcript abundance correlates with protein accumulation level, which indicates that EGY3 participates in response to both high-temperature and high light stresses. The lack of the pseudoprotease leads, in both stresses, to lower concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. However, the decrease of chloroplast copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 2 level was observed only during the high light stress. In both analyzed stressful conditions, proteins related to RubisCO folding, glycine metabolism, and photosystem I were identified as differently accumulating in egy3 mutant lines and WT plants; however, the functional status of PSII during analyzed stressful conditions remains very similar. Our results lead to a conclusion that EGY3 pseudoprotease participates in response to high light and high-temperature stress; however, its role is associated rather with photosystem I and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Adamiec
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Dobrogojski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Wojtyla
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert Luciński
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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22
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Light Intensity- and Spectrum-Dependent Redox Regulation of Plant Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071311. [PMID: 35883801 PMCID: PMC9312225 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both light intensity and spectrum (280–800 nm) affect photosynthesis and, consequently, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during photosynthetic electron transport. ROS, together with antioxidants, determine the redox environment in tissues and cells, which in turn has a major role in the adjustment of metabolism to changes in environmental conditions. This process is very important since there are great spatial (latitude, altitude) and temporal (daily, seasonal) changes in light conditions which are accompanied by fluctuations in temperature, water supply, and biotic stresses. The blue and red spectral regimens are decisive in the regulation of metabolism because of the absorption maximums of chlorophylls and the sensitivity of photoreceptors. Based on recent publications, photoreceptor-controlled transcription factors such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) and changes in the cellular redox environment may have a major role in the coordinated fine-tuning of metabolic processes during changes in light conditions. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of the light-associated redox control of basic metabolic pathways (carbon, nitrogen, amino acid, sulphur, lipid, and nucleic acid metabolism), secondary metabolism (terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids), and related molecular mechanisms. Light condition-related reprogramming of metabolism is the basis for proper growth and development of plants; therefore, its better understanding can contribute to more efficient crop production in the future.
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23
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Pech R, Volná A, Hunt L, Bartas M, Červeň J, Pečinka P, Špunda V, Nezval J. Regulation of Phenolic Compound Production by Light Varying in Spectral Quality and Total Irradiance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126533. [PMID: 35742975 PMCID: PMC9223736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is an important environmental cue inducing the production of many secondary metabolites involved in plant oxidative stress avoidance and tolerance. To examine the complex role of PAR irradiance and specific spectral components on the accumulation of phenolic compounds (PheCs), we acclimated spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) to different spectral qualities (white, blue, green, red) at three irradiances (100, 200, 400 µmol m−2 s−1). We confirmed that blue light irradiance is essential for the accumulation of PheCs in secondary barley leaves (in UV-lacking conditions), which underpins the importance of photoreceptor signals (especially cryptochrome). Increasing blue light irradiance most effectively induced the accumulation of B-dihydroxylated flavonoids, probably due to the significantly enhanced expression of the F3′H gene. These changes in PheC metabolism led to a steeper increase in antioxidant activity than epidermal UV-A shielding in leaf extracts containing PheCs. In addition, we examined the possible role of miRNAs in the complex regulation of gene expression related to PheC biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomír Pech
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Adriana Volná
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Lena Hunt
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Praha, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin Bartas
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.Č.); (P.P.)
| | - Jiří Červeň
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.Č.); (P.P.)
| | - Petr Pečinka
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.Č.); (P.P.)
| | - Vladimír Špunda
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (A.V.)
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (V.Š.); (J.N.)
| | - Jakub Nezval
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (V.Š.); (J.N.)
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24
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Prasertthai P, Paethaisong W, Theerakulpisut P, Dongsansuk A. High Temperature Alters Leaf Lipid Membrane Composition Associated with Photochemistry of PSII and Membrane Thermostability in Rice Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1454. [PMID: 35684228 PMCID: PMC9183074 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice cultivated in the tropics is exposed to high temperature (HT) stress which threatens its growth and survival. This study aimed at characterizing the HT response in terms of PSII efficiency and membrane stability, and to identify leaf fatty acid changes that may be associated with HT tolerance or sensitivity of rice genotypes. Twenty-eight-day-old seedlings of two Thai rice cultivars (CN1 and KDML105), a standard heat tolerance (N22), and a heat sensitive (IR64) rice genotype were treated at 42 °C for 7 days. Under HT, N22 showed the highest heat tolerance displaying the lowest increase in electrolyte leakage (EL), no increments in malondialdehyde (MDA) and stable maximum quantum yield of PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm). Compared to KDML105 and IR64, CN1 was more tolerant of HT, showing a lower increase in EL and MDA, and less reduction in Fv/Fm. N22 and CN1 showed a higher percentage reduction of unsaturated fatty acids (C18:2 and C18:3), which are the major components of the thylakoid membrane, rendering the optimum thylakoid membrane fluidity and intactness of PSII complex. Moreover, they exhibited sharp increases in long-chain fatty acids, particularly C22:1, while the heat sensitive IR64 and KDML105 showed significant reductions. Dramatic increases in long-chain fatty acids may lead to cuticular wax synthesis which provides protective roles for heat tolerance. Thus, the reduction in unsaturated fatty acid composition of the thylakoid membrane and dramatic increases in long-chain fatty acids may lead to high photosynthetic performance and an enhanced synthesis of cuticular wax which further provided additional protective roles for heat tolerance ability in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paphitchaya Prasertthai
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Salt Tolerant Rice Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Warunya Paethaisong
- Salt Tolerant Rice Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Piyada Theerakulpisut
- Salt Tolerant Rice Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.T.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anoma Dongsansuk
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Salt Tolerant Rice Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.T.)
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25
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Photosynthetic Protein-Based Edible Quality Formation in Various Porphyra dentata Harvests Determined by Label-Free Proteomics Analysis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071136. [PMID: 35406700 PMCID: PMC8997503 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of harvest time on the photosynthetic protein quality of the red alga Porphyra dentata was determined using label-free proteomics. Of 2716 differentially abundant proteins that were identified in this study, 478 were upregulated and 374 were downregulated. The top enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) pathways were metabolic processes and biosynthetic pathways such as photosynthesis, light harvesting, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. Nine important photosynthetic proteins were screened. Correlations among their expression levels were contrasted and verified by western blotting. PSII D1 and 44-kDa protein levels increased with later harvest time and increased light exposure. Specific photoprotective protein expression accelerated P. dentata growth and development. Biological processes such as photosynthesis and carbon cycling increased carbohydrate metabolism and decreased the total protein content. The results of the present study provide a scientific basis for the optimization of the culture and harvest of P. dentata.
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26
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Tsioli S, Koutalianou M, Gkafas GA, Exadactylos A, Papathanasiou V, Katsaros CI, Orfanidis S, Küpper FC. Responses of the Mediterranean seagrass Cymodocea nodosa to combined temperature and salinity stress at the ionomic, transcriptomic, ultrastructural and photosynthetic levels. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 175:105512. [PMID: 35176528 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Little Neptune grass Cymodocea nodosa is a key seagrass species in the Mediterranean Sea, forming extensive and patchy meadows in shallow coastal and transitional ecosystems. In such habitats, high temperatures and salinities, separately and in combination, can be significant stressors in the context of climate change, particularly during heatwave events, and seawater desalination plant effluents. Despite well-documented negative, macroscopic effects, the underlying cellular and molecular processes of the combined effects of increasing temperature and salinities have remained largely elusive in C. nodosa - which are addressed by the present study. High salinity and high temperature, alone and in combination, affected ion equilibrium in the plant cells. Non-synonymous mutations marked the transcriptomic response to salinity and temperature stress at loci related to osmotic stress. Cell structure, especially the nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria and organization of the MT cytoskeleton, was also altered. Both temperature and salinity stress negatively affected photosynthetic activity as evidenced by ΔF/Fm', following an antagonistic interaction type. Overall, this study showed that all biological levels investigated were strongly affected by temperature and salinity stress, however, with the latter having more severe effects. The results have implications for the operation of desalination plants and for assessing the impacts of marine heat waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soultana Tsioli
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 157 84, Greece; Benthic Ecology & Technology Laboratory, Fisheries Research Institute (Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER), 64007, Nea Peramos, Kavala, Greece
| | - Maria Koutalianou
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 157 84, Greece
| | - Georgios A Gkafas
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Fytokou str., 384 46, Volos, Greece
| | - Athanasios Exadactylos
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Fytokou str., 384 46, Volos, Greece
| | - Vasilis Papathanasiou
- Benthic Ecology & Technology Laboratory, Fisheries Research Institute (Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER), 64007, Nea Peramos, Kavala, Greece
| | - Christos I Katsaros
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 157 84, Greece
| | - Sotiris Orfanidis
- Benthic Ecology & Technology Laboratory, Fisheries Research Institute (Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER), 64007, Nea Peramos, Kavala, Greece
| | - Frithjof C Küpper
- School of Biological Sciences, Cruickshank Bldg., University of Aberdeen, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland, UK; Marine Biodiversity Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, CA, 92182-1030, USA.
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27
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Zhong Z, Sun L, Liu Z, Song Z, Liu M, Tong S, Qin S. Ocean acidification exacerbates the inhibition of fluctuating light on the productivity of Ulva prolifera. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113367. [PMID: 35149313 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ulva prolifera, a common species of green macroalgae, is often harmful-algal-bloom causative and significantly impacts local marine ecosystems. Previous studies on the physiological characteristics of U. prolifera have been conducted under constant light (CL). However, light in the natural environment continually changes, and little is known about fluctuating light (FL). Ocean acidification (OA) has been proposed to interact with dynamic surrounding environments to affect the physiological performance of macroalgae. Therefore, we investigated the combined effects of FL (80/300, alternating between 80 μmol photons m-2 s-1 for 2.5 h and 300 μmol photons m-2 s-1 for 1.5 h, with an average light intensity of 160 μmol photons m-2 s-1 and OA (1000 ppm CO2) on U. prolifera. The results clearly showed that FL had no significant effect on the relative growth rate (RGR), whereas OA obviously improved RGR. However, under FL-OA combination conditions, RGR was inhibited significantly, accompanied by a concomitant downgraded photosynthetic performance, while the photoprotective abilities were enhanced. The results would help us accurately predict the primary productivity of macroalgae in coastal waters under future OA conditions with irradiance fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhimin Song
- Zhuhai Central Station of Marine Environmental Monitoring, State Oceanic Administration, Zhuhai 519015, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Mengying Liu
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Shanying Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Song Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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28
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Tarvainen L, Wittemann M, Mujawamariya M, Manishimwe A, Zibera E, Ntirugulirwa B, Ract C, Manzi OJL, Andersson MX, Spetea C, Nsabimana D, Wallin G, Uddling J. Handling the heat - photosynthetic thermal stress in tropical trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:236-250. [PMID: 34655491 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Warming climate increases the risk for harmful leaf temperatures in terrestrial plants, causing heat stress and loss of productivity. The heat sensitivity may be particularly high in equatorial tropical tree species adapted to a thermally stable climate. Thermal thresholds of the photosynthetic system of sun-exposed leaves were investigated in three tropical montane tree species native to Rwanda with different growth and water use strategies (Harungana montana, Syzygium guineense and Entandrophragma exselsum). Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf gas exchange, morphology, chemistry and temperature were made at three common gardens along an elevation/temperature gradient. Heat tolerance acclimated to maximum leaf temperature (Tleaf ) across the species. At the warmest sites, the thermal threshold for normal function of photosystem II was exceeded in the species with the highest Tleaf despite their higher heat tolerance. This was not the case in the species with the highest transpiration rates and lowest Tleaf . The results point to two differently effective strategies for managing thermal stress: tolerance through physiological adjustment of leaf osmolality and thylakoid membrane lipid composition, or avoidance through morphological adaptation and transpiratory cooling. More severe photosynthetic heat stress in low-transpiring montane climax species may result in a competitive disadvantage compared to high-transpiring pioneer species with more efficient leaf cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Maria Wittemann
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Myriam Mujawamariya
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Aloysie Manishimwe
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Etienne Zibera
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Development Board, PO Box 5016, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Claire Ract
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Olivier J L Manzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Mats X Andersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Donat Nsabimana
- School of Forestry and Biodiversity and Biological Sciences, University of Rwanda, Busogo, Rwanda
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
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29
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Guha A, Vharachumu T, Khalid MF, Keeley M, Avenson TJ, Vincent C. Short-term warming does not affect intrinsic thermotolerance but induces strong sustaining photoprotection in tropical evergreen citrus genotypes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:105-120. [PMID: 34723384 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Consequences of warming and postwarming events on photosynthetic thermotolerance (PT ) and photoprotective responses in tropical evergreen species remain elusive. We chose Citrus to answer some of the emerging questions related to tropical evergreen species' PT behaviour including (i) how wide is the genotypic variation in PT ? (ii) how does PT respond to short-term warming and (iii) how do photosynthesis and photoprotective functions respond over short-term warming and postwarming events? A study on 21 genotypes revealed significant genotypic differences in PT , though these were not large. We selected five genotypes with divergent PT and simulated warming events: Tmax 26/20°C (day-time highest maximum/night-time lowest maximum) (Week 1) < Tmax 33/30°C (Week 2) < Tmax 36/32°C (Week 3) followed by Tmax 26/16°C (Week 4, recovery). The PT of all genotypes remained unaltered despite strong leaf megathermy (leaf temperature > air temperature) during warming events. Though moderate warming showed genotype-specific stimulation in photosynthesis, higher warming unequivocally led to severe loss in net photosynthesis and induced higher nonphotochemical quenching. Even after a week of postwarming, photoprotective mechanisms strongly persisted. Our study points towards a conservative PT in evergreen citrus genotypes and their need for sustaining higher photoprotection during warming as well as postwarming recovery conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Guha
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
| | - Talent Vharachumu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
- Earth University, San José, Mercedes, Costa Rica
| | - Muhammad F Khalid
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mark Keeley
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
- Agronomy and Regulatory (GLP) Services, Florida Ag Research, Thonotosassa, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas J Avenson
- Environmental Division, LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Christopher Vincent
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
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30
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Chen W, Zheng L, Dong J, Ge H, Huang X, Wang G, Huang C, Wang Y, Lu D, Xu W, Wang Y. A Systematic Survey of the Light/Dark-dependent Protein Degradation Events in a Model Cyanobacterium. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100162. [PMID: 34655801 PMCID: PMC8603205 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is essential for photosynthetic organisms and is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and degradation. The significance of light-regulated protein degradation is exemplified by the well-established light-induced degradation and repair of the photosystem II reaction center D1 protein in higher plants and cyanobacteria. However, systematic studies of light-regulated protein degradation events in photosynthetic organisms are lacking. Thus, we conducted a large-scale survey of protein degradation under light or dark conditions in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter referred to as Synechocystis) using the isobaric labeling-based quantitative proteomics technique. The results revealed that 79 proteins showed light-regulated degradation, including proteins involved in photosystem II structure or function, quinone binding, and NADH dehydrogenase. Among these, 25 proteins were strongly dependent on light for degradation. Moreover, the light-dependent degradation of several proteins was sensitive to photosynthetic electron transport inhibitors (DCMU and DBMIB), suggesting that they are influenced by the redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool. Together, our study comprehensively cataloged light-regulated protein degradation events, and the results serve as an important resource for future studies aimed at understanding light-regulated processes and protein quality control mechanisms in cyanobacteria. Light-/dark-regulated protein degradation events in a model Cyanobacterium were identified. Seventy-nine proteins displayed light-regulated degradation. Thirty-one proteins displayed dark-regulated degradation. Multiple light-regulated protein degradation events were regulated by the redox state of the plastoquinone pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Sen Gupta D, Basu PS, Souframanien J, Kumar J, Dhanasekar P, Gupta S, Pandiyan M, Geetha S, Shanthi P, Kumar V, Pratap Singh N. Morpho-Physiological Traits and Functional Markers Based Molecular Dissection of Heat-Tolerance in Urdbean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:719381. [PMID: 34659290 PMCID: PMC8511409 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.719381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) is one of the important pulse crops. Its cultivation is not so popular during summer seasons because this crop is unable to withstand excessive heat stress beside lack of humidity in the atmosphere. Therefore, a panel of 97 urdbean diverse genotypes was assessed for yield under stress and non-stress conditions with an aim to identify heat tolerant genotypes. This study identified 8 highly heat tolerant and 35 highly heat sensitive genotypes based on heat susceptibility index. Further, physiological and biochemical traits-based characterization of a group of six highly heat sensitive and seven highly heat tolerant urdbean genotypes showed genotypic variability for leaf nitrogen balance index (NBI), chlorophyll (SPAD), epidermal flavnols, and anthocyanin contents under 42/25°C max/min temperature. Our results showed higher membrane stability index among heat tolerant genotypes compared to sensitive genotypes. Significant differences among genotypes for ETR at different levels of PAR irradiances and PAR × genotypes interactions indicated high photosynthetic ability of a few genotypes under heat stress. Further, the most highly sensitive genotype PKGU-1 showed a decrease in different fluorescence parameters indicating distortion of PS II. Consequently, reduction in the quantum yield of PS II was observed in a sensitive one as compared to a tolerant genotype. Fluorescence kinetics showed the delayed and fast quenching of Fm in highly heat sensitive (PKGU 1) and tolerant (UPU 85-86) genotypes, respectively. Moreover, tolerant genotype (UPU 85-86) had high antioxidant activities explaining their role for scavenging superoxide radicals (ROS) protecting delicate membranes from oxidative damage. Molecular characterization further pinpointed genetic differences between heat tolerant (UPU 85-86) and heat sensitive genotypes (PKGU 1). These findings will contribute to the breeding toward the development of heat tolerant cultivars in urdbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjyoti Sen Gupta
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Mungbean, Urdbean, Lentil, Lathyrus, Rajmash, and Fieldpea, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Partha S. Basu
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - J. Souframanien
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - P. Dhanasekar
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Mungbean, Urdbean, Lentil, Lathyrus, Rajmash, and Fieldpea, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | | | - S. Geetha
- National Pulses Research Centre, Vamban, India
| | - P. Shanthi
- National Pulses Research Centre, Vamban, India
| | - Vaibhav Kumar
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
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Sensitivity of Photosynthesis to Warming in Two Similar Species of the Aquatic Angiosperm Ruppia from Tropical and Temperate Habitats. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13169433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Climate change-related events, such as marine heatwaves, are increasing seawater temperatures, thereby putting pressure on marine biota. The cosmopolitan distribution and significant contribution to marine primary production by the genus Ruppia makes them interesting organisms to study thermal tolerance and local adaptation. In this study, we investigated the photosynthetic responses in Ruppia to the predicted future warming in two contrasting bioregions, temperate Sweden and tropical Thailand. Through DNA barcoding, specimens were determined to Ruppia cirrhosa for Sweden and Ruppia maritima for Thailand. Photosynthetic responses were assessed using pulse amplitude-modulated fluorometry, firstly in short time incubations at 18, 23, 28, and 33 °C in the Swedish set-up and 28, 33, 38, and 43 °C in the Thai set-up. Subsequent experiments were conducted to compare the short time effects to longer, five-day incubations in 28 °C for Swedish plants and 40 °C for Thai plants. Swedish R. cirrhosa displayed minor response, while Thai R. maritima was more sensitive to both direct and prolonged temperature stress with a drastic decrease in the photosynthetic parameters leading to mortality. The results indicate that in predicted warming scenarios, Swedish R. cirrhosa may sustain an efficient photosynthesis and potentially outcompete more heat-sensitive species. However, populations of the similar R. maritima in tropical environments may suffer a decline as their productivity will be highly reduced.
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Li Y, Li X, Li Y, Zhuang S, Feng Y, Lin E, Han X. Does a Large Ear Type Wheat Variety Benefit More From Elevated CO 2 Than That From Small Multiple Ear-Type in the Quantum Efficiency of PSII Photochemistry? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:697823. [PMID: 34354726 PMCID: PMC8329592 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.697823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, several reports have suggested that the growth and grain yield of wheat are significantly influenced by high atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) because of it photosynthesis enhancing effects. Moreover, it has been proposed that plants with large carbon sink size will benefit more from CO2 enrichment than those with small carbon sink size. However, this hypothesis is yet to be test in winter wheat plant. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of elevated CO2 (eCO2) conditions on the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in large ear-type (cv. Shanhan 8675; greater ear C sink strength) and small multiple ear-type (cv. Early premium; greater vegetative C source strength) winter wheat varieties. The experiment was conducted in a free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facility, and three de-excitation pathways of the primary reaction of PSII of flag leaf at the anthesis stage were evaluated under two CO2 concentrations (ambient [CO2], ∼415 μmol⋅mol-1, elevated [CO2], ∼550 μmol⋅mol-1) using a non-destructive technique of modulated chlorophyll fluorescence. Additionally, the grain yield of the two varieties was determined at maturity. Although elevated CO2 increased the quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) of Shanhan 8675 (SH8675) flag leaves at the anthesis stage, the grain number per ear and 1,000-kernel weight were not significantly affected. In contrast, the ΦPSII of early premium (ZYM) flag leaves was significantly lower than that of SH8675 flag leaves at the anthesis stage, which was caused by an increase in the regulatory non-photochemical energy dissipation quantum (ΦNPQ) of PSII, suggesting that light energy absorbed by PSII in ZYM flag leaf was largely dissipated as thermal energy. The findings of our study showed that although SH8675 flag leaves exhibited higher C sink strength and quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry at the anthesis stage, these factors alone do not ensure improved grain yield under eCO2 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Climate Change of Agriculture Ministry, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Shu Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Yongxiang Feng
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Erda Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Climate Change of Agriculture Ministry, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Han
- Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Climate Change of Agriculture Ministry, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Correia PMP, da Silva AB, Roitsch T, Carmo-Silva E, Marques da Silva J. Photoprotection and optimization of sucrose usage contribute to faster recovery of photosynthesis after water deficit at high temperatures in wheat. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:615-628. [PMID: 33010044 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants are increasingly exposed to events of elevated temperature and water deficit, which threaten crop productivity. Understanding the ability to rapidly recover from abiotic stress, restoring carbon assimilation and biomass production, is important to unravel crop climate resilience. This study compared the photosynthetic performance of two Triticum aestivum L. cultivars, Sokoll and Paragon, adapted to the climate of Mexico and UK, respectively, exposed to 1-week water deficit and high temperatures, in isolation or combination. Measurements included photosynthetic assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, in vitro activities of Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) and invertase (INV, EC 3.2.1.26), antioxidant capacity and chlorophyll a fluorescence. In both genotypes, under elevated temperatures and water deficit (WD38°C), the photosynthetic limitations were mainly due to stomatal restrictions and to a decrease in the electron transport rate. Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters clearly indicate differences between the two genotypes in the photoprotection when subjected to WD38°C and showed faster recovery of Paragon after stress relief. The activity of the cytosolic invertase (CytINV) under these stress conditions was strongly related to the fast photosynthesis recovery of Paragon. Taken together, the results suggest that optimal sucrose export/utilization and increased photoprotection of the electron transport machinery are important components to limit yield fluctuations due to water shortage and elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M P Correia
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Anabela B da Silva
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jorge Marques da Silva
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Kim T, Samraj S, Jiménez J, Gómez C, Liu T, Begcy K. Genome-wide identification of heat shock factors and heat shock proteins in response to UV and high intensity light stress in lettuce. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:185. [PMID: 33865315 PMCID: PMC8053295 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock factors (Hsfs) and Heat shock proteins (Hsps) belong to an essential group of molecular regulators involved in controlling cellular processes under normal and stress conditions. The role of Hsfs and Hsps is well known in model plant species under diverse stress conditions. While plants Hsfs are vital components of the signal transduction response to maintain cellular homeostasis, Hsps function as chaperones helping to maintain folding of damaged and newly formed proteins during stress conditions. In lettuce (Lactuca sativa), a highly consumed vegetable crop grown in the field and in hydroponic systems, the role of these gene families in response to artificial light is not well characterized. RESULTS Using a genome-wide analysis approach, we identified 32 Hsfs and 22 small heat shock proteins (LsHsps) in lettuce, some of which do not have orthologs in Arabidopsis, poplar, and rice. LsHsp60s, LsHsp90s, and LsHsp100s are highly conserved among dicot and monocot species. Surprisingly, LsHsp70s have three times more members than Arabidopsis and two times more than rice. Interestingly, the lettuce genome triplication did not contribute to the increased number of LsHsp70s genes. The large number of LsHsp70s was the result of genome tandem duplication. Chromosomal distribution analysis shows larger tandem repeats of LsHsp70s genes in Chr1, Chr7, Chr8, and Chr9. At the transcriptional level, some genes of the LsHsfs, LsHsps, LsHsp60s, and LsHsp70s families were highly responsive to UV and high intensity light stress, in contrast to LsHsp90s and LsHsp100s which did not respond to a light stimulus. CONCLUSIONS Our genome-wide analysis provides a detailed identification of Hsfs and Hsps in lettuce. Chromosomal location and syntenic region analysis together with our transcriptional analysis under different light conditions provide candidate genes for breeding programs aiming to produce lettuce varieties able to grow healthy under hydroponic systems that use artificial light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehoon Kim
- University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Shafina Samraj
- University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Juan Jiménez
- University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Celina Gómez
- University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Tie Liu
- University of Florida, Horticultural Science Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Kevin Begcy
- University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
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36
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Roeber VM, Bajaj I, Rohde M, Schmülling T, Cortleven A. Light acts as a stressor and influences abiotic and biotic stress responses in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:645-664. [PMID: 33190307 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Light is important for plants as an energy source and a developmental signal, but it can also cause stress to plants and modulates responses to stress. Excess and fluctuating light result in photoinhibition and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation around photosystems II and I, respectively. Ultraviolet light causes photodamage to DNA and a prolongation of the light period initiates the photoperiod stress syndrome. Changes in light quality and quantity, as well as in light duration are also key factors impacting the outcome of diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Short day or shady environments enhance thermotolerance and increase cold acclimation. Similarly, shade conditions improve drought stress tolerance in plants. Additionally, the light environment affects the plants' responses to biotic intruders, such as pathogens or insect herbivores, often reducing growth-defence trade-offs. Understanding how plants use light information to modulate stress responses will support breeding strategies to enhance crop stress resilience. This review summarizes the effect of light as a stressor and the impact of the light environment on abiotic and biotic stress responses. There is a special focus on the role of the different light receptors and the crosstalk between light signalling and stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venja M Roeber
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ishita Bajaj
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mareike Rohde
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Li D, Wang M, Zhang T, Chen X, Li C, Liu Y, Brestic M, Chen THH, Yang X. Glycinebetaine mitigated the photoinhibition of photosystem II at high temperature in transgenic tomato plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:301-315. [PMID: 33394352 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII), especially the D1 protein, is highly sensitive to the detrimental impact of heat stress. Photoinhibition always occurs when the rate of photodamage exceeds the rate of D1 protein repair. Here, genetically engineered codA-tomato with the capability to accumulate glycinebetaine (GB) was established. After photoinhibition treatment at high temperature, the transgenic lines displayed more thermotolerance to heat-induced photoinhibition than the control line. GB maintained high expression of LeFtsHs and LeDegs and degraded the damaged D1 protein in time. Meanwhile, the increased transcription of synthesis-related genes accelerated the de novo synthesis of D1 protein. Low ROS accumulation reduced the inhibition of D1 protein translation in the transgenic plants, thereby reducing protein damage. The increased D1 protein content and decreased phosphorylated D1 protein (pD1) in the transgenic plants compared with control plants imply that GB may minimize photodamage and maximize D1 protein stability. As D1 protein exhibits a high turnover, PSII maybe repaired rapidly and efficiently in transgenic plants under photoinhibition treatment at high temperature, with the resultant mitigation of photoinhibition of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxing Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Mengwei Wang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tony H H Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
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38
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Bykowski M, Mazur R, Wójtowicz J, Suski S, Garstka M, Mostowska A, Kowalewska Ł. Too rigid to fold: Carotenoid-dependent decrease in thylakoid fluidity hampers the formation of chloroplast grana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:210-227. [PMID: 33631810 PMCID: PMC8133577 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In chloroplasts of land plants, the thylakoid network is organized into appressed regions called grana stacks and loosely arranged parallel stroma thylakoids. Many factors determining such intricate structural arrangements have been identified so far, including various thylakoid-embedded proteins, and polar lipids that build the thylakoid matrix. Although carotenoids are important components of proteins and the lipid phase of chloroplast membranes, their role in determining the thylakoid network structure remains elusive. We studied 2D and 3D thylakoid network organization in carotenoid-deficient mutants (ccr1-1, lut5-1, szl1-1, and szl1-1npq1-2) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to reveal the structural role of carotenoids in the formation and dynamics of the internal chloroplast membrane system. The most significant structural aberrations took place in chloroplasts of the szl1-1 and szl1-1npq1-2 plants. Increased lutein/carotene ratio in these mutants impaired the formation of grana, resulting in a significant decrease in the number of thylakoids used to build a particular stack. Further, combined biochemical and biophysical analyses revealed that hampered grana folding was related to decreased thylakoid membrane fluidity and significant changes in the amount, organization, and phosphorylation status of photosystem (PS) II (PSII) supercomplexes in the szl1-1 and szl1-1npq1-2 plants. Such changes resulted from a synergistic effect of lutein overaccumulation in the lipid matrix and a decreased level of carotenes bound with PS core complexes. Moreover, more rigid membrane in the lutein overaccumulating plants led to binding of Rubisco to the thylakoid surface, additionally providing steric hindrance for the dynamic changes in the level of membrane folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bykowski
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Joanna Wójtowicz
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Szymon Suski
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
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Rantala M, Rantala S, Aro EM. Composition, phosphorylation and dynamic organization of photosynthetic protein complexes in plant thylakoid membrane. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 19:604-619. [PMID: 32297616 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00025f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The photosystems (PS), catalyzing the photosynthetic reactions of higher plants, are unevenly distributed in the thylakoid membrane: PSII, together with its light harvesting complex (LHC)II, is enriched in the appressed grana stacks, while PSI-LHCI resides in the non-appressed stroma thylakoids, which wind around the grana stacks. The two photosystems interact in a third membrane domain, the grana margins, which connect the grana and stroma thylakoids and allow the loosely bound LHCII to serve as an additional antenna for PSI. The light harvesting is balanced by reversible phosphorylation of LHCII proteins. Nevertheless, light energy also damages PSII and the repair process is regulated by reversible phosphorylation of PSII core proteins. Here, we discuss the detailed composition and organization of PSII-LHCII and PSI-LHCI (super)complexes in the thylakoid membrane of angiosperm chloroplasts and address the role of thylakoid protein phosphorylation in dynamics of the entire protein complex network of the photosynthetic membrane. Finally, we scrutinize the phosphorylation-dependent dynamics of the protein complexes in context of thylakoid ultrastructure and present a model on the reorganization of the entire thylakoid network in response to changes in thylakoid protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjaana Rantala
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Rantala
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
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Nilsson AK, Pěnčík A, Johansson ON, Bånkestad D, Fristedt R, Suorsa M, Trotta A, Novák O, Mamedov F, Aro EM, Burmeister BL. PSB33 protein sustains photosystem II in plant chloroplasts under UV-A light. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7210-7223. [PMID: 32930769 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants can quickly and dynamically respond to spectral and intensity variations of the incident light. These responses include activation of developmental processes, morphological changes, and photosynthetic acclimation that ensure optimal energy conversion and minimal photoinhibition. Plant adaptation and acclimation to environmental changes have been extensively studied, but many details surrounding these processes remain elusive. The photosystem II (PSII)-associated protein PSB33 plays a fundamental role in sustaining PSII as well as in the regulation of the light antenna in fluctuating light. We investigated how PSB33 knock-out Arabidopsis plants perform under different light qualities. psb33 plants displayed a reduction of 88% of total fresh weight compared to wild type plants when cultivated at the boundary of UV-A and blue light. The sensitivity towards UV-A light was associated with a lower abundance of PSII proteins, which reduces psb33 plants' capacity for photosynthesis. The UV-A phenotype was found to be linked to altered phytohormone status and changed thylakoid ultrastructure. Our results collectively show that PSB33 is involved in a UV-A light-mediated mechanism to maintain a functional PSII pool in the chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders K Nilsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Oskar N Johansson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Rikard Fristedt
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Biology and Biology Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrient Science, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marjaana Suorsa
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, FI-20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea Trotta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, FI-20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Fikret Mamedov
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, FI-20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Björn Lundin Burmeister
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Independent researcher, Gamlestadstorget, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Compensation Mechanism of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Arabidopsis thaliana ch1 Mutants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010221. [PMID: 33379339 PMCID: PMC7794896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of chlorophyll b deficiency is a mutation (ch1) in chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO), the enzyme responsible for Chl b synthesis. Regulation of Chl b synthesis is essential for understanding the mechanism of plant acclimation to various conditions. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to find the strategy in plants for compensation of low chlorophyll content by characterizing and comparing the performance and spectral properties of the photosynthetic apparatus related to the lipid and protein composition in four selected Arabidopsis ch1 mutants and two Arabidopsis ecotypes. Mutation in different loci of the CAO gene, viz., NW41, ch1.1, ch1.2 and ch1.3, manifested itself in a distinct chlorina phenotype, pigment and photosynthetic protein composition. Changes in the CAO mRNA levels and chlorophyllide a (Chlide a) content in ecotypes and ch1 mutants indicated their significant role in the adjustment mechanism of the photosynthetic apparatus to low-light conditions. Exposure of mutants with a lower chlorophyll b content to short-term (1LL) and long-term low-light stress (10LL) enabled showing a shift in the structure of the PSI and PSII complexes via spectral analysis and the thylakoid composition studies. We demonstrated that both ecotypes, Col-1 and Ler-0, reacted to high-light (HL) conditions in a way remarkably resembling the response of ch1 mutants to normal (NL) conditions. We also presented possible ways of regulating the conversion of chlorophyll a to b depending on the type of light stress conditions.
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Kim SI, Kim YJ, Hong H, Yun J, Ryu W. Electrosprayed Thylakoid-Alginate Film on a Micro-Pillar Electrode for Scalable Photosynthetic Energy Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54683-54693. [PMID: 33226773 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct harvesting of electricity from photosynthesis is highly desired as an eco-friendly and sustainable energy harvesting technology. Photosynthetic apparatuses isolated from plants, such as thylakoid membranes (TMs), are deposited on an electrode by which photosynthetic electrons (PEs) are collected from water splitting. To enhance PE collection efficiency, it is critical to increase the electrochemical interfaces between TMs and the electrode. Considering the size of TMs to be around a few hundred nanometer, we hypothesize that an array of micropillar-shaped (MP) electrode can maximize the TM/electrode interface area. Thus, we developed MP electrodes with different heights and investigated the electrospraying of TM-alginate mixtures to fill the gaps between MPs uniformly and conformally. The uniformity of the TM-alginate film and the interaction between the TM and the MP electrode were evaluated to understand how the MP heights and film quality influenced the magnitude of the PE currents. PE currents increased up to 2.4 times for an MP electrode with an A/R of 1.8 compared to a flat electrode, indicating increased direct contact interface between TMs and the electrode. Furthermore, to demonstrate the scalability of this approach, an array of replicated SU-8 MP electrodes was prepared and PE currents of up to 3.2 μA were monitored without a mediator under 68 mW/cm2. Finally, the PE current harvesting was sustained for 14 days without decay, demonstrating the long-term stability of the TM-alginate biophotoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Il Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonaug Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHyoung Yun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - WonHyoung Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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43
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Tikhonov AN, Vershubskii AV. Temperature-dependent regulation of electron transport and ATP synthesis in chloroplasts in vitro and in silico. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:299-329. [PMID: 32780309 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The significance of temperature-dependent regulation of photosynthetic apparatus (PSA) is determined by the fact that plant temperature changes with environmental temperature. In this work, we present a brief overview of temperature-dependent regulation of photosynthetic processes in class B chloroplasts (thylakoids) and analyze these processes using a computer model that takes into account the key stages of electron and proton transport coupled to ATP synthesis. The rate constants of partial reactions were parametrized on the basis of experimental temperature dependences of partial photosynthetic processes: (1) photosystem II (PSII) turnover and plastoquinone (PQ) reduction, (2) the plastoquinol (PQH2) oxidation by the cytochrome (Cyt) b6f complex, (3) the ATP synthase activity, and (4) the proton leak from the thylakoid lumen. We consider that PQH2 oxidation is the rate-limiting step in the intersystem electron transport. The parametrization of the rate constants of these processes is based on earlier experimental data demonstrating strong correlations between the functional and structural properties of thylakoid membranes that were probed with the lipid-soluble spin labels embedded into the membranes. Within the framework of our model, we could adequately describe a number of experimental temperature dependences of photosynthetic reactions in thylakoids. Computer modeling of electron and proton transport coupled to ATP synthesis supports the notion that PQH2 oxidation by the Cyt b6f complex and proton pumping into the lumen are the basic temperature-dependent processes that determine the overall electron flux from PSII to molecular oxygen and the net ATP synthesis upon variations of temperature. The model describes two branches of the temperature dependence of the post-illumination reduction of [Formula: see text] characterized by different activation energies (about 60 and ≤ 3.5 kJ mol-1). The model predicts the bell-like temperature dependence of ATP formation, which arises from the balance of several factors: (1) the thermo-induced acceleration of electron transport through the Cyt b6f complex, (2) deactivation of PSII photochemistry at sufficiently high temperatures, and (3) acceleration of the passive proton outflow from the thylakoid lumen bypassing the ATP synthase complex. The model describes the temperature dependence of experimentally measured parameter P/2e, determined as the ratio between the rates of ATP synthesis and pseudocyclic electron transport (H2O → PSII → PSI → O2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Tikhonov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Scofield AE, Watkins JM, Osantowski E, Rudstam LG. Deep chlorophyll maxima across a trophic state gradient: A case study in the Laurentian Great Lakes. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY 2020; 65:2460-2484. [PMID: 33288967 PMCID: PMC7687176 DOI: 10.1002/lno.11464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Deep chlorophyll maxima (DCM) are common in stratified lakes and oceans, and phytoplankton growth within DCM often contributes significantly to total system production. Theory suggests that properties of DCM should be predictable by trophic state, with DCM becoming deeper, broader, and less productive with greater oligotrophy. However, rigorous tests of these expectations are lacking in freshwater systems. We use data generated by the U.S. EPA from 1996 to 2017, including in situ profile data for temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), chlorophyll, beam attenuation (c p), and dissolved oxygen (DO), to investigate patterns in DCM across lakes and over time. We consider trophic state, 1% PAR depth (z 1%), thermal structure, and degree of photoacclimation as potential drivers of DCM characteristics. DCM depth and thickness generally increased while DCM chlorophyll concentration decreased with decreasing trophic state index (greater oligotrophy). The z 1% was a stronger predictor of DCM depth than thermal structure. DCM in meso-oligotrophic waters were closely aligned with maxima in c p and DO saturation, suggesting they are autotrophically productive. However, the depths of these maxima diverged in ultra-oligotrophic waters, with DCM occurring deepest. This is likely a consequence of photoacclimation in high-transparency waters, where c p can be a better proxy for phytoplankton biomass than chlorophyll. Our results are generally consistent with expectations from DCM theory, but they also identify specific gaps in our understanding of DCM in lakes, including the causes of multiple DCM, the importance of nutriclines, and the processes forming DCM at higher light levels than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Scofield
- Cornell UniversityIthacaNew York
- Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana
| | | | - Eric Osantowski
- United States Environmental Protection AgencyGreat Lakes National Program OfficeChicagoIllinois
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Light-induced psbA translation in plants is triggered by photosystem II damage via an assembly-linked autoregulatory circuit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21775-21784. [PMID: 32817480 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007833117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The D1 reaction center protein of photosystem II (PSII) is subject to light-induced damage. Degradation of damaged D1 and its replacement by nascent D1 are at the heart of a PSII repair cycle, without which photosynthesis is inhibited. In mature plant chloroplasts, light stimulates the recruitment of ribosomes specifically to psbA mRNA to provide nascent D1 for PSII repair and also triggers a global increase in translation elongation rate. The light-induced signals that initiate these responses are unclear. We present action spectrum and genetic data indicating that the light-induced recruitment of ribosomes to psbA mRNA is triggered by D1 photodamage, whereas the global stimulation of translation elongation is triggered by photosynthetic electron transport. Furthermore, mutants lacking HCF136, which mediates an early step in D1 assembly, exhibit constitutively high psbA ribosome occupancy in the dark and differ in this way from mutants lacking PSII for other reasons. These results, together with the recent elucidation of a thylakoid membrane complex that functions in PSII assembly, PSII repair, and psbA translation, suggest an autoregulatory mechanism in which the light-induced degradation of D1 relieves repressive interactions between D1 and translational activators in the complex. We suggest that the presence of D1 in this complex coordinates D1 synthesis with the need for nascent D1 during both PSII biogenesis and PSII repair in plant chloroplasts.
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46
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Kushwaha BK, Rai M, Alamri S, Siddiqui MH, Singh VP. Full sunlight acclimation mechanisms in Riccia discolor thalli: Assessment at morphological, anatomical, and biochemical levels. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 210:111983. [PMID: 32781383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Light occupies a central position in regulating development of plants. Either little or excess of light could be harmful for plants. Since bryophytes are shade loving organisms, they must adapt to function in fluctuating light regimes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate acclimatory responses of Riccia discolor thalli grown under full sunlight, and were compared with shade grown thalli (control). Length, width, and fresh mass of thallus were significantly lower (by 27, 41 and 37%, respectively) but endogenous nitric oxide content (by 81%) and nitric oxide synthase like activity (by 58%) were higher in full sunlight grown thalli than shade grown thalli. Number of rhizoids was greater in shade but length and width of rhizoids were higher (by 36 and 25%, respectively) in full sunlight grown thalli. The content of carotenoids was higher (by 34%) in full sunlight grown thalli. In full sunlight grown thalli, chloroplasts exhibited avoidance movement but in shade grown thalli they exhibited accumulation movement. Photosynthetic yields were higher in shade grown thalli. Among energy fluxes, ABS/RC did not vary but DI0/RC was higher (by 12%) in full sunlight grown thalli. Reactive oxygen species and damage were greater in full sunlight grown thalli despite enhanced levels of antioxidants i.e. superoxide dismutase (by 66%) and catalase (by 34%). Overall results suggest that full sunlight acclimation in Riccia discolor thalli occurred at various levels in which endogenous NO plays a positive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwajit Kumar Kushwaha
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Meena Rai
- Bryology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India.
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47
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Autophagy-Related 2 Regulates Chlorophyll Degradation under Abiotic Stress Conditions in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124515. [PMID: 32630439 PMCID: PMC7350272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts are extraordinary organelles for photosynthesis and nutrient storage in plants. During leaf senescence or under stress conditions, damaged chloroplasts are degraded and provide nutrients for developing organs. Autophagy is a high-throughput degradation pathway for intracellular material turnover in eukaryotes. Along with chloroplast degradation, chlorophyll, an important component of the photosynthetic machine, is also degraded. However, the chlorophyll degradation pathways under high light intensity and high temperature stress are not well known. Here, we identified and characterized a novel Arabidopsis mutant, sl2 (seedling lethal 2), showing defective chloroplast development and accelerated chlorophyll degradation. Map-based cloning combined with high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that a 118.6 kb deletion region was associated with the phenotype of the mutant. Complementary experiments confirmed that the loss of function of ATG2 was responsible for accelerating chlorophyll degradation in sl2 mutants. Furthermore, we analyzed chlorophyll degradation under abiotic stress conditions and found that both chloroplast vesiculation and autophagy take part in chlorophyll degradation under high light intensity and high temperature stress. These results enhanced our understanding of chlorophyll degradation under high light intensity and high temperature stress.
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48
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Tovar JC, Quillatupa C, Callen ST, Castillo SE, Pearson P, Shamin A, Schuhl H, Fahlgren N, Gehan MA. Heating quinoa shoots results in yield loss by inhibiting fruit production and delaying maturity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:1058-1073. [PMID: 31971639 PMCID: PMC7318176 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global temperatures and a growing world population create the need to develop crop varieties that provide higher yields in warmer climates. There is growing interest in expanding quinoa cultivation, because of the ability of quinoa to produce nutritious grain in poor soils, with little water and at high salinity. The main limitation to expanding quinoa cultivation, however, is the susceptibility of quinoa to temperatures above approximately 32°C. This study investigates the phenotypes, genes and mechanisms that may affect quinoa seed yield at high temperatures. Using a differential heating system where only roots or only shoots were heated, quinoa yield losses were attributed to shoot heating. Plants with heated shoots lost 60-85% yield as compared with control plants. Yield losses were the result of lower fruit production, which lowered the number of seeds produced per plant. Furthermore, plants with heated shoots had delayed maturity and greater non-reproductive shoot biomass, whereas plants with both heated roots and heated shoots produced higher yields from the panicles that had escaped the heat, compared with the control. This suggests that quinoa uses a type of avoidance strategy to survive heat. Gene expression analysis identified transcription factors differentially expressed in plants with heated shoots and low yield that had been previously associated with flower development and flower opening. Interestingly, in plants with heated shoots, flowers stayed closed during the day while the control flowers were open. Although a closed flower may protect the floral structures, this could also cause yield losses by limiting pollen dispersal, which is necessary to produce fruit in the mostly female flowers of quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C. Tovar
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMO63132USA
| | | | - Steven T. Callen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMO63132USA
- Bayer US – Crop ScienceSt. LouisMO63141USA
| | | | - Paige Pearson
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMO63132USA
- Bayer US – Crop ScienceSt. LouisMO63141USA
| | | | - Haley Schuhl
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMO63132USA
| | - Noah Fahlgren
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMO63132USA
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49
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Alayafi AAM. Exogenous ascorbic acid induces systemic heat stress tolerance in tomato seedlings: transcriptional regulation mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19186-19199. [PMID: 31448379 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The current study was devoted to assessing the impact of exogenous ascorbic acid (AsA) in inducing systemic thermotolerance against acute heat stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. There were four treatment groups including untreated control (CK), heat-stressed tomato (HS: exposure to 40 °C for 8 h), and treated with ascorbic acid (0.5 mM AsA), and the last group includes both the exogenous application of ascorbic acid and heat stress (AsA + HS). The HS led to leaf curling and mild wilting while plants treated with AsA displayed similar phenotype with control plants, approving that AsA eliminated the injurious effects of the heat stress. The oxidative damage to cell components was confirmed by higher levels of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index. Moreover, acute heat stress significantly reduced the photosynthetic pigment contents, and nutrient contents in tomato seedling leaves. In contrast, ascorbic acid postulated a priming effect on tomato roots and, substantially, alleviated heat stress effects on seedlings through reducing the oxidative damage and increasing the contents of ascorbic acid, proline, photosynthetic pigments, and upregulation of heat shock proteins in leaves. Ascorbic acid seems to be a key signaling molecule which enhanced the thermotolerance of tomato plants.
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50
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Goss R, Latowski D. Lipid Dependence of Xanthophyll Cycling in Higher Plants and Algae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:455. [PMID: 32425962 PMCID: PMC7212465 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The xanthophyll cycles of higher plants and algae represent an important photoprotection mechanism. Two main xanthophyll cycles are known, the violaxanthin cycle of higher plants, green and brown algae and the diadinoxanthin cycle of Bacillariophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Haptophyceae, and Dinophyceae. The forward reaction of the xanthophyll cycles consists of the enzymatic de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin or diadinoxanthin to diatoxanthin during periods of high light illumination. It is catalyzed by the enzymes violaxanthin or diadinoxanthin de-epoxidase. During low light or darkness the back reaction of the cycle, which is catalyzed by the enzymes zeaxanthin or diatoxanthin epoxidase, restores the epoxidized xanthophylls by a re-introduction of the epoxy groups. The de-epoxidation reaction takes place in the lipid phase of the thylakoid membrane and thus, depends on the nature, three dimensional structure and function of the thylakoid lipids. As the xanthophyll cycle pigments are usually associated with the photosynthetic light-harvesting proteins, structural re-arrangements of the proteins and changes in the protein-lipid interactions play an additional role for the operation of the xanthophyll cycles. In the present review we give an introduction to the lipid and fatty acid composition of thylakoid membranes of higher plants and algae. We introduce the readers to the reaction sequences, enzymes and function of the different xanthophyll cycles. The main focus of the review lies on the lipid dependence of xanthophyll cycling. We summarize the current knowledge about the role of lipids in the solubilization of xanthophyll cycle pigments. We address the importance of the three-dimensional lipid structures for the enzymatic xanthophyll conversion, with a special focus on non-bilayer lipid phases which are formed by the main thylakoid membrane lipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. We additionally describe how lipids and light-harvesting complexes interact in the thylakoid membrane and how these interactions can affect the structure of the thylakoids. In a dedicated chapter we offer a short overview of current membrane models, including the concept of membrane domains. We then use these concepts to present a model of the operative xanthophyll cycle as a transient thylakoid membrane domain which is formed during high light illumination of plants or algal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reimund Goss
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dariusz Latowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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