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Endalew HW, Atlabachew M, Karavoltsos S, Sakellari A, Aslam MF, Allen L, Griffiths H, Zoumpoulakis P, Kanellou A, Yehuala TF, Abera MK, Tenagashaw MW, Cherie HA. Effect of fermentation on nutrient composition, antinutrients, and mineral bioaccessibility of finger millet based Injera: A traditional Ethiopian food. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114635. [PMID: 38945624 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Finger millet, like other cereals, contains high amounts of antinutrients that bind minerals, making them unavailable for absorption. This study explores the effect of traditional fermentation on nutritional, antinutritional, and subsequent mineral bioaccessibility (specifically iron, zinc, and calcium) of finger millet based Injera. Samples of fermented dough and Injera prepared from light brown and white finger millet varieties were analyzed for nutritional composition, antinutritional content, and mineral bioaccessibility following standard procedures. With some exceptions, the proximate composition of fermented dough was significantly affected by fermentation time. Compared to unfermented flour, the phytate and condensed tannin content significantly (p < 0.05) decreased for fermented dough and Injera samples. A strong decline in phytate and condensed tannin content was observed in white finger millet Injera as fermentation time increased, compared to light brown finger millet based Injera. The mineral bioaccessibility of Injera prepared from finger millet and maize composite flour increased with fermentation time, leading to a significant increase in bioaccessible iron, zinc, and calcium, ranging from 15.4-40.0 %, 26.8-50.8 %, and 60.9-88.5 %, respectively. The results suggest that traditional fermentation can be an effective method to reduce phytate and condensed tannin content, simultaneously increasing the bioaccessibility of minerals in the preparation of finger millet based Injera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Walle Endalew
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Sotirios Karavoltsos
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Sakellari
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Mohamad Farshard Aslam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Lara Allen
- Centre for Global Equality, 8C King's Parade, Cambridge CB2 1SJ, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kanellou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Athens, Greece
| | - Tadesse Fenta Yehuala
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Metadel Kassahun Abera
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Wogahyehu Tenagashaw
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Ethiopia
| | - Hirut Assaye Cherie
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Ethiopia.
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2
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Bančič J, Odeny DA, Ojulong HF, Josiah SM, Buntjer J, Gaynor RC, Hoad SP, Gorjanc G, Dawson IK. Genomic and phenotypic characterization of finger millet indicates a complex diversification history. THE PLANT GENOME 2024; 17:e20392. [PMID: 37986545 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Advances in sequencing technologies mean that insights into crop diversification can now be explored in crops beyond major staples. We use a genome assembly of finger millet, an allotetraploid orphan crop, to analyze DArTseq single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the whole and sub-genome level. A set of 8778 SNPs and 13 agronomic traits was used to characterize a diverse panel of 423 landraces from Africa and Asia. Through principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis of principal components, four distinct groups of accessions were identified that coincided with the primary geographic regions of finger millet cultivation. Notably, East Africa, presumed to be the crop's origin, exhibited the lowest genetic diversity. The PCA of phenotypic data also revealed geographic differentiation, albeit with differing relationships among geographic areas than indicated with genomic data. Further exploration of the sub-genomes A and B using neighbor-joining trees revealed distinct features that provide supporting evidence for the complex evolutionary history of finger millet. Although genome-wide association study found only a limited number of significant marker-trait associations, a clustering approach based on the distribution of marker effects obtained from a ridge regression genomic model was employed to investigate trait complexity. This analysis uncovered two distinct clusters. Overall, the findings suggest that finger millet has undergone complex and context-specific diversification, indicative of a lengthy domestication history. These analyses provide insights for the future development of finger millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Bančič
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Research Centre, Midlothian, UK
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Damaris A Odeny
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, ICRAF House, Gigiri Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Henry F Ojulong
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, ICRAF House, Gigiri Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel M Josiah
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jaap Buntjer
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Research Centre, Midlothian, UK
| | - R Chris Gaynor
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Research Centre, Midlothian, UK
| | - Stephen P Hoad
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gregor Gorjanc
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Research Centre, Midlothian, UK
| | - Ian K Dawson
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
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3
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Sood S, Malhotra N, Tripathi K, Laibach N, Rosero A. Editorial: Food of the future: underutilized foods. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1307856. [PMID: 38024377 PMCID: PMC10664921 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1307856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Salej Sood
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nikhil Malhotra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Tripathi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Natalie Laibach
- Centre for Research on Agricultural Genomics, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Rosero
- Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Mosquera, Colombia
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Abioye V, Babarinde G, Ogunlakin G, Adejuyitan J, Olatunde S, Abioye A. Varietal and processing influence on nutritional and phytochemical properties of finger millet: A review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12310. [PMID: 36590554 PMCID: PMC9800331 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and nutrition insecurity is a problem for the majority of developing nations; incidentally, some underutilized crops have the potential to increase food security. A minor cereal grain called finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is widely cultivated in various regions of India and Africa and is consumed for its numerous health advantages. There is a wealth of research on the nutritional and health benefits of this crop, but little is known about how varietal difference and processing affect these qualities. Therefore, this study reviewed the effects of variety and different processing methods on the nutrition, antinutrients, phytochemicals, and antioxidative properties of finger millet and its probable uses in ensuring nutrition and food security. Finger millet is a nutritious cereal with relatively high values of protein, vitamins, minerals, fibre, and energy. The amount of minerals, particularly calcium and potassium, is larger than what is found in the most popular grains, including wheat and rice. The grain of finger millet is non-glutinous and contains only 1.3% fat; in contrast to other types of millet which are noticeably higher in dietary fibre, protein, ash, and fat. The coloured varieties particularly have high levels of minerals, antioxidants, and phytochemicals. The nutritional and phytochemical qualities of finger millet are affected by the cultivars, varieties, and geographical locations. This study elucidates the qualities of finger millet varieties and methods of processing which will help in the selection of appropriate cultivars for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.F. Abioye
- Department of Food Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - G.O. Babarinde
- Department of Food Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - G.O. Ogunlakin
- Department of Food Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - J.A. Adejuyitan
- Department of Food Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - S.J. Olatunde
- Department of Food Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - A.O. Abioye
- Department of Food Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
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Venkatesan J, Ramu V, Sethuraman T, Sivagnanam C, Doss G. Assessing the genetic fidelity of somatic embryo-derived plantlets of finger millet by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:1379-1387. [PMID: 36183295 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] is an important cereal because of its mineral-nutrition value. With the increasing demand, there is a pressing need to conserve it through biotechnological approaches. High-frequency somatic embryogenesis from seed-derived callus of E. coracana was developed on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a combination of auxins [Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D)] and cytokinins [6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (KN)] in different concentrations, ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 mg L-1. Seeds cultured on this medium produced three different types of primary callus. Type I callus was very compact and dark brown, type II callus was light brownish and type III callus appeared whitish and light brown. All three types of calli had differential proliferation responses. Type II compact brown calli were obtained on the MS medium supplemented with 1.0 and 1.5 mg 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid L-1 and 0.5 mg kinetin L-1. Friable yellowish embryogenic calli with a large number of somatic embryos were developed within 60 days after being transferred to auxins and cytokinin (1.0 and 1.5 mg 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid L-1 and 0.5 mg Kinetin L-1) along with 200 mg casein hydrolysate L-1. Germination of somatic embryos on a half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.1% Kinetin led to the development of healthy plantlets within 30 days. Genetic fingerprinting using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) revealed high levels of genetic fidelity. The study provides methods and hormonal concentrations required to develop somatic embryos in E. coracana for its genetic improvement and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Venkatesan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Palkalai Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India.
| | - Vasuki Ramu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Palkalai Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Thilaga Sethuraman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Palkalai Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Chandrasekaran Sivagnanam
- Department of Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Palkalai Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Ganesh Doss
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Palkalai Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India.
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Identification and validation of candidate genes for high calcium content in finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] through genome-wide association study. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Babele PK, Kudapa H, Singh Y, Varshney RK, Kumar A. Mainstreaming orphan millets for advancing climate smart agriculture to secure nutrition and health. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:902536. [PMID: 36035707 PMCID: PMC9412166 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.902536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The ever-changing climate and the current COVID-19 pandemic compound the problems and seriously impact agriculture production, resulting in socio-economic insecurities and imposing health implications globally. Most of the poor and malnourished population in the developing countries depends on agriculture for food, income, and employment. Impact of climate change together with the COVID-19 outbreak revealed immense problems highlighting the importance of mainstreaming climate-resilient and low input crops with more contemporary agriculture practices. Orphan millets play a vital role in the poor and malnourished population's livelihood, food and nutrition security. Recognizing their unique potential, the United Nations-Food and Agriculture Organization has announced the year 2023 as the "International Year of Millets". However, despite the unique properties for present and future agriculture of orphan millets, their cultivation is declining in many countries. As a result, millets have gained attention from researchers which eventually decelerated "multi-omics" resource generation. This review summarizes the benefits of millets and major barriers/ bottlenecks in their improvement. We also discuss the pre- and post-harvest technologies; policies required to introduce and establish millets in mainstream agriculture. To improve and ensure the livelihood of the poor/malnourished population, intensive efforts are urgently needed in advancing the research and development, implementing pre- and post-harvest technological intervention strategies, and making favorable policies for orphan crops to accomplish food and nutrition security. National and international collaborations are also indispensable to address the uncertain effects of climate change and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoosh K. Babele
- College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Yogeshwar Singh
- College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
- Murdoch's Centre for Crop Research & Food Innovation, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Anil Kumar
- College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pendergast TH, Qi P, Odeny DA, Dida MM, Devos KM. A high-density linkage map of finger millet provides QTL for blast resistance and other agronomic traits. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20175. [PMID: 34904374 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] is a critical subsistence crop in eastern Africa and southern Asia but has few genomic resources and modern breeding programs. To aid in the understanding of finger millet genomic organization and genes underlying disease resistance and agronomically important traits, we generated a F2:3 population from a cross between E. coracana (L.) Gaertn. subsp. coracana accession ACC 100007 and E. coracana (L.) Gaertn. subsp. africana , accession GBK 030647. Phenotypic data on morphology, yield, and blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) resistance traits were taken on a subset of the F2:3 population in a Kenyan field trial. The F2:3 population was genotyped via genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and the UGbS-Flex pipeline was used for sequence alignment, nucleotide polymorphism calling, and genetic map construction. An 18-linkage-group genetic map consisting of 5,422 markers was generated that enabled comparative genomic analyses with rice (Oryza sativa L.), foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.], and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Notably, we identified conserved acrocentric homoeologous chromosomes (4A and 4B in finger millet) across all species. Significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were discovered for flowering date, plant height, panicle number, and blast incidence and severity. Sixteen putative candidate genes that may underlie trait variation were identified. Seven LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN genes, with homology to nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) disease resistance proteins, were found on three chromosomes under blast resistance QTL. This high-marker-density genetic map provides an important tool for plant breeding programs and identifies genomic regions and genes of critical interest for agronomic traits and blast resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Pendergast
- Dep. of Plant Biology, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Peng Qi
- Dep. of Plant Biology, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Damaris Achieng Odeny
- The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics-Eastern and Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathews M Dida
- Dep. of Applied Sciences, Maseno Univ., Private Bag-40105, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Katrien M Devos
- Dep. of Plant Biology, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Anuradha N, Patro TSSK, Singamsetti A, Sandhya Rani Y, Triveni U, Nirmala Kumari A, Govanakoppa N, Lakshmi Pathy T, Tonapi VA. Comparative Study of AMMI- and BLUP-Based Simultaneous Selection for Grain Yield and Stability of Finger Millet [ Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:786839. [PMID: 35069644 PMCID: PMC8770906 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Finger millet, an orphan crop, possesses immense potential in mitigating climate change and could offer threefold security in terms of food, fodder, and nutrition. It is mostly cultivated as a subsistence crop in the marginal areas of plains and hills. Considering the changes in climate inclusive of recurrent weather vagaries witnessed every year, it is crucial to select stable, high-yielding, area-specific, finger millet cultivars. Sixty finger millet varieties released across the country were evaluated over six consecutive rainy seasons from 2011 to 2016 at the Agricultural Research Station, Vizianagaram. The genotype × environment interaction (GEI) was found to be significant in the combined ANOVA. Furthermore, the Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis asserted that genotypes and the GEI effects accounted for approximately 89% of the total variation. Strong positive associations were observed in an estimated set of eleven stability parameters which were chosen to identify stable genotypes. Furthermore, Non-parametric and Parametric Simultaneous Selection indices (NP-SSI and P-SSI) were calculated utilizing AMMI-based stability parameter (ASTAB), modified AMMI stability value (MASV), and Modified AMMI Stability Index (MASI) to identify stable high yielders. Both methods had inherent difficulties in ranking genotypes for SSI. To overcome this, the initial culling [i.e., SSI with culling strategy (C-SSI)] of genotypes was introduced for stability. In the C-SSI method, the top ten genotypes were above-average yielders, while those with below-average yield were observed in NP-SSI and P-SSI methods. Similarly, the estimation of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP)-based simultaneous selections, such as harmonic mean of genotypic values (HMGV), relative performance of genotypic values (RPGV), and harmonic mean of relative performance of genotypic values (HMRPGV), revealed that none of the top ten entries had below-average yield. The study has proven that C-SSI and BLUP-based methods were equally worthy in the selection of high-yielding genotypes with stable performance. However, the C-SSI approach could be the best method to ensure that genotypes with a considerable amount of stability are selected. The multi-year trial SSI revealed that entries Indaf-9, Sri Chaitanya, PR-202, and A-404; and VL324 and VL146 were ascertained to be the most stable high-yielding genotypes among medium-to-late and early maturity groups, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Anuradha
- Agricultural Research Station, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Vizianagaram, India
| | - T. S. S. K. Patro
- Agricultural Research Station, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Vizianagaram, India
| | - Ashok Singamsetti
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Y. Sandhya Rani
- Agricultural Research Station, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Vizianagaram, India
| | - U. Triveni
- Agricultural Research Station, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Vizianagaram, India
| | | | - Nagappa Govanakoppa
- Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | | | - Vilas A. Tonapi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR), Hyderabad, India
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Jamra G, Agarwal A, Singh N, Sanyal SK, Kumar A, Pandey GK. Ectopic expression of finger millet calmodulin confers drought and salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2205-2223. [PMID: 34250550 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of finger millet calmodulin imparts drought and salt tolerance in plants. Drought and salinity are major environmental stresses which affect crop productivity and therefore are major hindrance in feeding growing population world-wide. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a crucial role during the plant's response to these stress stimuli. Calmodulin (CaM), a crucial Ca2+sensor, is involved in transducing the signal downstream in various physiological, developmental and stress responses by modulating a plethora of target proteins. The role of CaM has been well established in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana for regulating various developmental processes, stress signaling and ion transport. In the current study, we investigate the CaM of Eleusine coracana (common name finger millet, known especially for its drought tolerance and superior Ca2+ content). In-silico analysis showed that Eleusine CaM (EcCaM) has greater similarity to rice CaM as compared to Arabidopsis CaM due to the presence of highly conserved four EF-hand domains. To decipher the in-planta function of EcCaM, we have adopted the gain-of-function approach by generating the 35S::EcCaM over-expression transgenic in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of EcCaM in Arabidopsis makes the plant tolerant to polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced drought and salt stress (NaCl) as demonstrated by post-germination based phenotypic assay, ion leakage, MDA and proline estimation, ROS detection under stressed and normal conditions. Moreover, EcCaM overexpression leads to hypersensitivity toward exogenously applied ABA at the seed germination stage. These findings reveal that EcCaM mediates tolerance to drought and salinity stress. Also, our results indicate that EcCaM is involved in modulating ABA signaling. Summarizing our results, we report for the first time that EcCaM is involved in modulating plants response to stress and this information can be used for the generation of future-ready crops that can tolerate a wide range of abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Jamra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
- Lab No. 302, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, South Campus, South Moti Bagh, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Aparna Agarwal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Lab No. 302, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, South Campus, South Moti Bagh, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Sibaji K Sanyal
- Lab No. 302, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, South Campus, South Moti Bagh, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
- Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agriculture University, NH-75, Near Pahuj Dam, Gwalior Road, Jhansi, 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Lab No. 302, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, South Campus, South Moti Bagh, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Backiyalakshmi C, Vetriventhan M, Deshpande S, Babu C, Allan V, Naresh D, Gupta R, Azevedo VCR. Genome-Wide Assessment of Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of the Global Finger Millet Germplasm Panel Conserved at the ICRISAT Genebank. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:692463. [PMID: 34489996 PMCID: PMC8417690 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.692463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] is an important climate-resilient nutrient-dense crop grown as a staple food grain in Asia and Africa. Utilizing the full potential of the crop mainly depends on an in-depth exploration of the vast diversity in its germplasm. In this study, the global finger millet germplasm diversity panel of 314 accessions was genotyped, using the DArTseq approach to assess genetic diversity and population structure. We obtained 33,884 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers on 306 accessions after filtering. Finger millet germplasm showed considerable genetic diversity, and the mean polymorphic information content, gene diversity, and Shannon Index were 0.110, 0.114, and 0.194, respectively. The average genetic distance of the entire set was 0.301 (range 0.040 - 0.450). The accessions of the race elongata (0.326) showed the highest average genetic distance, and the least was in the race plana (0.275); and higher genetic divergence was observed between elongata and vulgaris (0.320), while the least was between compacta and plana (0.281). An average, landrace accessions had higher gene diversity (0.144) and genetic distance (0.299) than the breeding lines (0.117 and 0.267, respectively). A similar average gene diversity was observed in the accessions of Asia (0.132) and Africa (0.129), but Asia had slightly higher genetic distance (0.286) than African accessions (0.276), and the distance between these two regions was 0.327. This was also confirmed by a model-based STRUCTURE analysis, genetic distance-based clustering, and principal coordinate analysis, which revealed two major populations representing Asia and Africa. Analysis of molecular variance suggests that the significant population differentiation was mainly due to within individuals between regions or between populations while races had a negligible impact on population structure. Finger millet diversity is structured based on a geographical region of origin, while the racial structure made negligible contribution to population structure. The information generated from this study can provide greater insights into the population structure and genetic diversity within and among regions and races, and an understanding of genomic-assisted finger millet improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Backiyalakshmi
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mani Vetriventhan
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh Deshpande
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - C. Babu
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India
| | - V. Allan
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India
| | - D. Naresh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Vania C. R. Azevedo
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
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Liu Y, Yang XY, Yao Y, Zhang M, Zhang XJ. Characterization of the complete plastome of Eleusine coracana (Gramineae), an annual crop. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2021; 6:1089-1090. [PMID: 33796750 PMCID: PMC7995814 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1899874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Eleusine coracana is a hardy crop that can grow in diverse environments. In this study, the complete plastome of E. coracana was determined. The plastome was 135,144 bp in size. It consists of a large single-copy region (80,666 bp), a small single-copy region (12,640 bp), and two inverted repeat regions (20,919 bp). The overall guanine-cytosine (GC) content was 38.2%. A total of 111 unique genes were annotated, including 77 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 30 tRNAs, and 4 rRNAs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Eleusine was sister to Dactyloctenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-Yan Yang
- Campus Hospital, Taishan University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-Jie Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Gururani K, Sood S, Kumar A, Joshi DC, Pandey D, Sharma AR. Mainstreaming Barahnaja cultivation for food and nutritional security in the Himalayan region. BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2021; 30:551-574. [PMID: 33526962 PMCID: PMC7838019 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-021-02123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selective production of input intensive crops in the present scenario have resulted in productivity stagnation or even decline due to excessive usage of chemicals, affecting the farmers economically. Sustainable agriculture is the way to increase agricultural productivity and economic prosperity by protecting all natural resources. It maintains a balance of soil fertility with crop productivity and nutritional quality. The mixed cropping systems followed earlier in different regions according to their tradition, climatic zone, soil and water conditions were climate-smart approaches to sustainable food production based on practical experiences over the years of old generations. The life style changes, imbalance in farming system in last 70 years and demand for more food as well as declining land resources resulted in intensive agriculture. Besides, least returns and less demand of ethnic crops gave more preference to major staple food crops. Barahnaja is a traditional orphan crops based mixed cropping system practiced in Himalayan region due to its sustainability and assured crop harvest during erratic weather conditions. This traditional farming method is an exemplary scientific approach to derive innovations with respect to productivity, quality, plant soil interactions and organic agriculture. The main focus of the review is to substantiate the characteristics of the traditional mixed cropping system by describing the advantages of the system and opportunities for scientific innovation towards new knowledge and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Gururani
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145 India
| | - Salej Sood
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute Shimla, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Central Agricultural University, Jhanshi, UP India
| | - Dinesh C. Joshi
- ICAR-Vivekanada Institute of Hill Agriculture, Almora, Uttarakhand 263601 India
| | - Dinesh Pandey
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145 India
| | - A. R. Sharma
- Central Agricultural University, Jhanshi, UP India
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Genome-wide association mapping for seed protein content in finger millet (Eleusine coracana) global collection through genotyping by sequencing. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Sood S, Joshi DC, Chandra AK, Kumar A. Phenomics and genomics of finger millet: current status and future prospects. PLANTA 2019; 250:731-751. [PMID: 30968267 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diverse gene pool, advanced plant phenomics and genomics methods enhanced genetic gain and understanding of important agronomic, adaptation and nutritional traits in finger millet. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) is an important minor millet for food and nutritional security in semi-arid regions of the world. The crop has wide adaptability and can be grown right from high hills in Himalayan region to coastal plains. It provides food grain as well as palatable straw for cattle, and is fairly climate resilient. The crop has large gene pool with distinct features of both Indian and African germplasm types. Interspecific hybridization between Indian and African germplasm has resulted in greater yield enhancement and disease resistance. The crop has shown numerous advantages over major cereals in terms of stress adaptation, nutritional quality and health benefits. It has indispensable repository of novel genes for the benefits of mankind. Although rapid strides have been made in allele mining in model crops and major cereals, the progress in finger millet genomics is lacking. Comparative genomics have paved the way for the marker-assisted selection, where resistance gene homologues of rice for blast and sequence variants for nutritional traits from other cereals have been invariably used. Transcriptomics studies have provided preliminary understanding of the nutritional variation, drought and salinity tolerance. However, the genetics of many important traits in finger millet is poorly understood and need systematic efforts from biologists across disciplines. Recently, deciphered finger millet genome will enable identification of candidate genes for agronomically and nutritionally important traits. Further, improvement in genome assembly and application of genomic selection as well as genome editing in near future will provide plethora of information and opportunity to understand the genetics of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salej Sood
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP, India.
| | - Dinesh C Joshi
- ICAR-Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Chandra
- GB Pant University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- GB Pant University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
- Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhanshi, UP, India.
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RAMASHIA SE, ANYASI TA, GWATA ET, MEDDOWS-TAYLOR S, JIDEANI AIO. Processing, nutritional composition and health benefits of finger millet in sub-saharan Africa. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.25017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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17
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Reid REB, Lalk E, Marshall F, Liu X. Carbon and nitrogen isotope variability in the seeds of two African millet species: Pennisetum glaucum and Eleusine coracana. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1693-1702. [PMID: 29947034 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A range of important small seeded C4 crops were domesticated in Africa, but little is known about their carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13 C and δ15 N values). Understanding natural isotopic variability within and among millets has the potential to help us to understand the conditions under which ancient cereals were grown and has significant implications for the interpretation of ancient diets based on stable isotope signatures. METHODS We conducted carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of modern and historical pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum, n = 108) and finger millet (Eleusine coracana, n = 17) seed samples sourced from the United States Department of Agriculture as well as the Harlan Collection curated at the Crop Evolution Laboratory Herbarium at the University of Illinois. RESULTS The millet species have significantly different mean carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios over broad temporal and spatial scales. We also found substantial isotopic variation within species (range of 1.9‰ and 8.5‰ in δ13 C and δ15 N values, respectively). Both water availability and growing season temperature significantly affected the P. glaucum δ13 C and δ15 N values; cumulative annual precipitation was positively correlated with both seed δ13 C and δ15 N values, while temperature was positively correlated with δ15 N values but negatively correlated with seed δ13 C values. CONCLUSIONS The importance of both temperature and precipitation as predictors of δ13 C and δ15 N values in millets suggests that C4 plants may be more sensitive to environmental parameters than previously appreciated. Given the high degree of carbon and nitrogen isotope variability among accessions of these species, it is imperative that site-relevant plant isotope ratios are used for making isotope-based paleo-dietary predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E B Reid
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St Louis, Campus Box 1114, McMillan Hall, Room 112, One Brookings Dr., St Louis, MO, 63130-4899, USA
| | - Ellen Lalk
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St Louis, Campus Box 1134, One Brookings Dr., St Louis, MO, 63130-4899, USA
| | - Fiona Marshall
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St Louis, Campus Box 1114, McMillan Hall, Room 112, One Brookings Dr., St Louis, MO, 63130-4899, USA
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St Louis, Campus Box 1114, McMillan Hall, Room 112, One Brookings Dr., St Louis, MO, 63130-4899, USA
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Sharma D, Tiwari A, Sood S, Jamra G, Singh NK, Meher PK, Kumar A. Genome wide association mapping of agro-morphological traits among a diverse collection of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) genotypes using SNP markers. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199444. [PMID: 30092057 PMCID: PMC6084814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is an important dry-land cereal in Asia and Africa because of its ability to provide assured harvest under extreme dry conditions and excellent nutritional properties. However, the genetic improvement of the crop is lacking in the absence of suitable genomic resources for reliable genotype-phenotype associations. Keeping this in view, a diverse global finger millet germplasm collection of 113 accessions was evaluated for 14 agro-morphological characters in two environments viz. ICAR-Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Almora (E1) and Crop Research Centre (CRC), GBPUA&T, Pantnagar (E2), India. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of phenotypic data separated the Indian and exotic accessions into two separate groups. Previously generated SNPs through genotyping by sequencing (GBS) were used for association mapping to identify reliable marker(s) linked to grain yield and its component traits. The marker trait associations were determined using single locus single trait (SLST), multi-locus mixed model (MLMM) and multi-trait mixed model (MTMM) approaches. SLST led to the identification of 20 marker-trait associations (MTAs) (p value<0.01 and <0.001) for 5 traits. While advanced models, MLMM and MTMM resulted in additional 36 and 53 MTAs, respectively. Nine MTAs were common out of total 109 associations in all the three mapping approaches (SLST, MLMM and MTMM). Among these nine SNPs, five SNP sequences showed homology to candidate genes of Oryza sativa (Rice) and Setaria italica (Foxtail millet), which play an important role in flowering, maturity and grain yield. In addition, 67 and 14 epistatic interactions were identified for 10 and 7 traits at E1 and E2 locations, respectively. Hence, the 109 novel SNPs associated with important agro-morphological traits, reported for the first time in this study could be precisely utilized in finger millet genetic improvement after validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Apoorv Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Salej Sood
- ICAR-Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
- * E-mail: (AK); (SS)
| | - Gautam Jamra
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - N. K. Singh
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant Univ. of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prabina Kumar Meher
- Division of Statistical Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
- * E-mail: (AK); (SS)
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The membrane tethered transcription factor EcbZIP17 from finger millet promotes plant growth and enhances tolerance to abiotic stresses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2148. [PMID: 29391403 PMCID: PMC5794737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of various stresses, as the outcome of global climate change, results in the yield losses of crop plants. Prospecting of genes in stress tolerant plant species may help to protect and improve their agronomic performance. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is a valuable source of superior genes and alleles for stress tolerance. In this study, we isolated a novel endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane tethered bZIP transcription factor from finger millet, EcbZIP17. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing this gene showed better vegetative growth and seed yield compared with wild type (WT) plants under optimal growth conditions and confirmed upregulation of brassinosteroid signalling genes. Under various abiotic stresses, such as 250 mM NaCl, 10% PEG6000, 400 mM mannitol, water withdrawal, and heat stress, the transgenic plants showed higher germination rate, biomass, primary and secondary root formation, and recovery rate, compared with WT plants. The transgenic plants exposed to an ER stress inducer resulted in greater leaf diameter and plant height as well as higher expression of the ER stress-responsive genes BiP, PDIL, and CRT1. Overall, our results indicated that EcbZIP17 improves plant growth at optimal conditions through brassinosteroid signalling and provide tolerance to various environmental stresses via ER signalling pathways.
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Antony Ceasar S, Maharajan T, Ajeesh Krishna TP, Ramakrishnan M, Victor Roch G, Satish L, Ignacimuthu S. Finger Millet [ Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] Improvement: Current Status and Future Interventions of Whole Genome Sequence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1054. [PMID: 30083176 PMCID: PMC6064933 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The whole genome sequence (WGS) of the much awaited, nutrient rich and climate resilient crop, finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) has been released recently. While possessing superior mineral nutrients and excellent shelf life as compared to other major cereals, multiploidy nature of the genome and relatively small plantation acreage in less developed countries hampered the genome sequencing of finger millet, disposing it as one of the lastly sequenced genomes in cereals. The genomic information available for this crop is very little when compared to other major cereals like rice, maize and barley. As a result, only a limited number of genetic and genomic studies has been undertaken for the improvement of this crop. Finger millet is known especially for its superior calcium content, but the high-throughput studies are yet to be performed to understand the mechanisms behind calcium transport and grain filling. The WGS of finger millet is expected to help to understand this and other important molecular mechanisms in finger millet, which may be harnessed for the nutrient fortification of other cereals. In this review, we discuss various efforts made so far on the improvement of finger millet including genetic improvement, transcriptome analysis, mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits, etc. We also discuss the pitfalls of modern genetic studies and provide insights for accelerating the finger millet improvement with the interventions of WGS in near future. Advanced genetic and genomic studies aided by WGS may help to improve the finger millet, which will be helpful to strengthen the nutritional security in addition to food security in the developing countries of Asia and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College Chennai, India
- Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging Lab, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- *Correspondence: S. Antony Ceasar, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu,
| | - T. Maharajan
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College Chennai, India
| | - T. P. Ajeesh Krishna
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College Chennai, India
| | - M. Ramakrishnan
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College Chennai, India
| | - G. Victor Roch
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College Chennai, India
| | - Lakkakula Satish
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: S. Antony Ceasar, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu,
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Isolation and expression analysis of EcbZIP17 from different finger millet genotypes shows conserved nature of the gene. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:342. [PMID: 28955639 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors comprise one of the largest gene families in plants. They play a key role in almost every aspect of plant growth and development and also in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, we report isolation and characterization of EcbZIP17, a group B bZIP transcription factor from a climate smart cereal, finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.). The genomic sequence of EcbZIP17 is 2662 bp long encompassing two exons and one intron with ORF of 1722 bp and peptide length of 573 aa. This gene is homologous to AtbZIP17 (Arabidopsis), ZmbZIP17 (maize) and OsbZIP60 (rice) which play a key role in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. In silico analysis confirmed the presence of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) and transmembrane (TM) domains in the EcbZIP17 protein. Allele mining of this gene in 16 different genotypes by Sanger sequencing revealed no variation in nucleotide sequence, including the 618 bp long intron. Expression analysis of EcbZIP17 under heat stress exhibited similar pattern of expression in all the genotypes across time intervals with highest upregulation after 4 h. The present study established the conserved nature of EcbZIP17 at nucleotide and expression level.
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Puranik S, Kam J, Sahu PP, Yadav R, Srivastava RK, Ojulong H, Yadav R. Harnessing Finger Millet to Combat Calcium Deficiency in Humans: Challenges and Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1311. [PMID: 28798761 PMCID: PMC5526919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Humans require more than 20 mineral elements for healthy body function. Calcium (Ca), one of the essential macromineral, is required in relatively large quantities in the diet for maintaining a sound overall health. Young children, pregnant and nursing women in marginalized and poorest regions of the world, are at highest risk of Ca malnutrition. Elderly population is another group of people most commonly affected by Ca deficiency mainly in the form of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Improved dietary intake of Ca may be the most cost-effective way to meet such deficiencies. Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.], a crop with inherently higher Ca content in its grain, is an excellent candidate for understanding genetic mechanisms associated with Ca accumulation in grain crops. Such knowledge will also contribute toward increasing Ca contents in other staple crops consumed on daily basis using plant-breeding (also known as biofortification) methods. However, developing Ca-biofortified finger millet to reach nutritional acceptability faces various challenges. These include identifying and translating the high grain Ca content to an adequately bioavailable form so as to have a positive impact on Ca malnutrition. In this review, we assess some recent advancements and challenges for enrichment of its Ca value and present possible inter-disciplinary prospects for advancing the actual impact of Ca-biofortified finger millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Puranik
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Kam
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Pranav P. Sahu
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Rama Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsPatancheru, India
| | - Henry Ojulong
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsNairobi, Kenya
| | - Rattan Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom
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