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Fan P, Wang W, Xu J, Xu F, Li G, Wei H, Zhang H, Liu G. Starch-related structural basis and enzymatic mechanism of the different appearances of soft rice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:136080. [PMID: 39341319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the fine starch structure characteristics and formation mechanism of high-quality appearance soft rice, two high-quality and low-quality soft rice varieties (HA-SR and LA-SR, respectively) were selected. Differences in appearance quality, fine starch structure, and activity of key enzymes involved in starch synthesis during the grain-filling stage were compared. The results showed that compared with LA-SR, HA-SR were less chalky, more transparent, had larger starch grains, a lower content of shorter chains (DP 6-24), a higher content of longer chains (DP ≥ 25), lower relative crystallinity, fewer ordered structures, more amorphous structures and larger thicknesses of semi-crystalline lamellae. In terms of amylase activity during the grain-filling stage, the AGPase and GBSS activities of HA-SR were higher, and the SBE activity of HA-SR was lower compared to LA-SR. In conclusion, higher AGPase activity can produce a higher filling rate resulting in fuller starch grain in soft rice. Fuller starch grains reduce the chalkiness of soft rice. Higher AGPase and GBSS activities and lower SBE activity can result in soft rice with more long-branched and less short-branched amylopectin. Thus, soft rice has lower relative crystallinity and less ordered structure. These structures may facilitate reduce grain chalkiness and improve grain transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Kansas State University, Manhattan 66502, United States
| | - Wenting Wang
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fangfu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guangyan Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Hongcheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Guodong Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Zhu H, Nie L, He X, Wang X, Long P, Chen H. Water and Fertilizer Management Is an Important Way to Synergistically Enhance the Yield, Rice Quality and Lodging Resistance of Hybrid Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2518. [PMID: 39274002 PMCID: PMC11397287 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
This study comprehensively investigated the synergistic effects and underlying mechanisms of optimized water and fertilizer management on the yield, quality, and lodging resistance of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa), through a two-year field experiment. Two hybrid rice varieties, Xinxiangliangyou 1751 (XXLY1751) and Yueliangyou Meixiang Xinzhan (YLYMXXZ), were subjected to three irrigation methods (W1: wet irrigation, W2: flooding irrigation, W3: shallow-wet-dry irrigation) and four nitrogen fertilizer treatments (F1 to F4 with application rates of 0, 180, 225, and 270 kg ha-1, respectively). Our results revealed that the W1F3 treatment significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation, laying a robust foundation for high yield and quality. NSC accumulation not only supported rice growth but also directly influenced starch and protein synthesis, ensuring smooth grain filling and significantly improving yield and quality. Moreover, NSC strengthened stem fullness and thickness, converting them into structural carbohydrates such as cellulose and lignin, which substantially increased stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance. Statistical analysis demonstrated that water and fertilizer treatments had significant main and interactive effects on photosynthetic rate, dry matter accumulation, yield, quality parameters, NSC, cellulose, lignin, and stem bending resistance. This study reveals the intricate relationship between water and fertilizer management and NSC dynamics, providing valuable theoretical and practical insights for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of hybrid rice, significantly contributing to the sustainable development of modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lingli Nie
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xiaoe He
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xuehua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pan Long
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
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Shi H, Yun P, Zhu Y, Wang L, Wang Y, Li P, Zhou H, Cheng S, Liu R, Gao G, Zhang Q, Xiao J, Li Y, Xiong L, You A, He Y. Natural variation of WBR7 confers rice high yield and quality by modulating sucrose supply in sink organs. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38943653 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Grain chalkiness is an undesirable trait that negatively regulates grain yield and quality in rice. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying chalkiness is complex and remains unclear. We identified a positive regulator of white-belly rate (WBR). The WBR7 gene encodes sucrose synthase 3 (SUS3). A weak functional allele of WBR7 is beneficial in increasing grain yield and quality. During the domestication of indica rice, a functional G/A variation in the coding region of WBR7 resulted in an E541K amino acid substitution in the GT-4 glycosyltransferase domain, leading to a significant decrease in decomposition activity of WBR7A (allele in cultivar Jin23B) compared with WBR7G (allele in cultivar Beilu130). The NIL(J23B) and knockout line NIL(BL130)KO exhibited lower WBR7 decomposition activity than that of NIL(BL130) and NIL(J23B)COM, resulting in less sucrose decomposition and metabolism in the conducting organs. This caused more sucrose transportation to the endosperm, enhancing the synthesis of storage components in the endosperm and leading to decreased WBR. More sucrose was also transported to the anthers, providing sufficient substrate and energy supply for pollen maturation and germination, ultimately leading to an increase rate of seed setting and increased grain yield. Our findings elucidate a mechanism for enhancing rice yield and quality by modulating sucrose metabolism and allocation, and provides a valuable allele for improved rice quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Yun
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yipei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingbo Li
- Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyuan Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongjia Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanjun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aiqing You
- Institute of Food Crop, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Naicker R, Mutanga O, Peerbhay K, Odebiri O. Estimating high-density aboveground biomass within a complex tropical grassland using Worldview-3 imagery. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:370. [PMID: 38488944 PMCID: PMC10942885 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
A large percentage of native grassland ecosystems have been severely degraded as a result of urbanization and intensive commercial agriculture. Extensive nitrogen-based fertilization regimes are widely used to rehabilitate and boost productivity in these grasslands. As a result, modern management frameworks rely heavily on detailed and accurate information on vegetation condition to monitor the success of these interventions. However, in high-density environments, biomass signal saturation has hampered detailed monitoring of rangeland condition. This issue stems from traditional broad-band vegetation indices (such as NDVI) responding to high levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorption by leaf chlorophyll, which affects leaf area index (LAI) sensitivity within densely vegetative regions. Whilst alternate hyperspectral solutions may alleviate the problem to a certain degree, they are often too costly and not readily available within developing regions. To this end, this study evaluated the use of high-resolution Worldview-3 imagery in combination with modified NDVI indices and image manipulation techniques in reducing the effects of biomass signal saturation within a complex tropical grassland. Using the random forest algorithm, several modified NDVI-type indices were developed from all potential dual-band combinations of the Worldview-3 image. Thereafter, linear contrast stretching and histogram equalization were implemented in conjunction with Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to improve high-density biomass estimation. Results demonstrated that both contrast enhancement techniques, when combined with SVD, improved high-density biomass estimation. However, linear contrast stretching, SVD, and modified NDVI indices developed from the red (630-690 nm), green (510-580 nm), and near-infrared 1 (770-895 nm) bands were found to produce the best biomass predictive model (R2 = 0.71, RMSE = 0.40 kg/m2). The results generated from this research offer a means to alleviate the biomass saturation problem. This framework provides a platform to assist rangeland managers in regionally assessing changes in vegetation condition within high-density grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan Naicker
- Discipline of Geography, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
| | - Onisimo Mutanga
- Discipline of Geography, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Kabir Peerbhay
- Discipline of Geography, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Omosalewa Odebiri
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, VIC, 3125, Melbourne, Australia
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Zhu M, Jiang S, Huang J, Li Z, Xu S, Liu S, He Y, Zhang Z. Biochemical and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal a Stronger Capacity for Photosynthate Accumulation in Low-Tillering Rice Varieties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1648. [PMID: 38338929 PMCID: PMC10855222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Moderate control of rice tillering and the development of rice varieties with large panicles are important topics for future high-yield rice breeding. Herein, we found that low-tillering rice varieties stopped tillering earlier and had a larger leaf area of the sixth leaf. Notably, at 28 days after sowing, the rice seedlings of the low-tillering group had an average single-culm above-ground biomass of 0.84 g, significantly higher than that of the multi-tillering group by 56.26%, and their NSC (non-structural carbohydrate) and starch contents in sheaths were increased by 43.34% and 97.75%, respectively. These results indicated that the low-tillering group of rice varieties had a stronger ability to store photosynthetic products in the form of starch in their sheaths, which was thus more beneficial for their large panicle development. The results of carbon and nitrogen metabolism analyses showed that the low-tillering group had a relatively strong carbon metabolism activity, which was more favorable for the accumulation of photosynthesis products and the following development of large panicles, while the multi-tillering group showed relatively strong nitrogen metabolism activity, which was more beneficial for the development and formation of new organs, such as tillers. Accordingly, in the low-tillering rice varieties, the up-regulated genes were enriched in the pathways mainly related to the synthesis of carbohydrates, while the down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in the nitrogen metabolism pathways. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of rice tillering regulation and promotes the development of new varieties with ideal plant types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (M.Z.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (S.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (M.Z.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (S.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Jinqiu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (M.Z.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (S.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (M.Z.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (S.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (M.Z.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (S.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Shaojia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (M.Z.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (S.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Yonggang He
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (M.Z.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (S.X.); (S.L.)
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Ma M, Zhu T, Cheng X, Li M, Yuan G, Li C, Zhang A, Lu C, Fang Y, Zhang Y. Sucrose phosphate synthase 8 is required for the remobilization of carbon reserves in rice stems during grain filling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:137-151. [PMID: 37738583 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon reserve remobilization in stems is closely related to rice grain filling. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is highly associated with carbon reserve remobilization. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern of SPS genes in various rice tissues, and found that SPS8 is the major SPS isoform in rice stems during the grain-filling stage. We then constructed sps8 mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The SPS activity of the sps8 mutants was markedly reduced in the stems. In addition, the sps8 mutants exhibited significant starch accumulation in stems. 14C-labelling experiments revealed that the remobilization of non-structural carbohydrates from rice stems to grains was impaired in the sps8 mutants. In the sps8 mutants, grain filling was delayed and yield decreased by 15% due to a reduced percentage of ripened grains. RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR analyses indicated that the genes involved in starch synthesis and degradation were up-regulated in the sps8 mutant stems. In addition, the activity of the enzymes involved in starch synthesis and degradation was increased in the sps8 stems. These results demonstrate that SPS8 is required for carbon reserve remobilization from rice stems to grains, and that its absence may enhance 'futile cycles' of starch synthesis and degradation in rice stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiuyue Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Changbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Aihong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Congming Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Ying Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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Kuai J, Nie X, Lou H, Li Z, Xie X, Sun Y, Xu Z, Wang J, Wang B, Zhou G. Nitrogen supply alleviates seed yield reduction by improving the morphology and carbon metabolism of pod walls in shaded rapeseed. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14003. [PMID: 37882291 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Shading significantly affects rapeseed yield, while reasonable nitrogen (N) application has efficiency gains. However, the functions and mechanisms of N are not fully established for shaded rapeseed plants. Therefore, we conducted a 2-year field experiment to study the effect of N on pod wall morphology and carbon metabolism of shaded rapeseed. Two varieties, three N rates (120 [N1], 240 [N2], and 360 [N3] kg hm-2 ) and two light intensities (100 and 70% light transmission) from 10 to 35 days after the end of flowering were set as experimental parameters. Shading decreased the pod wall chlorophyll content, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) activity and glucose content at 25 and 35 days after flowering (DAF). Decreased sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase activity caused by shading reduced sucrose and fructose content. They are responsible for the decline in the 1000-seed weight and a 22.1-37.6% decline in seed yield. More N under shading promoted pod elongation and pigment content, improved chloroplast ultrastructure, increased Rubisco and SuSy activity at 35 DAF, thus contributing to pod wall photosynthesis and fructose and glucose levels in shaded rapeseed plants. Similar trends were observed in pod number, pod weight, and seed weight, while the greatest increase in seed/wall ratio was observed under N2 for shaded rapeseed plants. The results indicated that N can reduce the yield difference between different light conditions and balance partitioning and conversion of photoassimilates in pod wall, but avoid applying an excessive amount of nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kuai
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Nie
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhen Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiongze Xie
- Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yingying Sun
- Tai'an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenghua Xu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Zhu Y, Deng K, Wu P, Feng K, Zhao S, Li L. Effects of Slow-Release Fertilizer on Lotus Rhizome Yield and Starch Quality under Different Fertilization Periods. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1311. [PMID: 36986998 PMCID: PMC10053914 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Slow-release fertilizer is an environmentally friendly fertilizer that is widely used in crop cultivation instead of traditional nitrogen fertilizer. However, the optimal application time of slow-release fertilizer and its effect on starch accumulation and rhizome quality of lotus remains unclear. In this study, two slow-release fertilizer applications (sulfur-coated compound fertilizer, SCU, and resin-coated urea, RCU) were fertilized under three fertilization periods (the erect leaf stage, SCU1 and RCU1; the erect leaf completely covering the water stage, SCU2 and RCU2; and the swelling stage of lotus rhizomes, SCU3 and RCU3) to study the effects of different application periods. Compared with CK (0 kg∙ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer), leaf relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) remained at higher levels under SCU1 and RCU1. Further studies showed that SCU1 and RCU1 increased yield, amylose content, amylopectin and total starch, and the number of starch particles in lotus, and also significantly reduced peak viscosity, final viscosity and setback viscosity of lotus rhizome starch. To account for these changes, we measured the activity of key enzymes in starch synthesis and the relative expression levels of related genes. Through analysis, we found that these parameters increased significantly under SCU and RCU treatment, especially under SCU1 and RCU1 treatment. The results of this study showed that the one-time application at the erect leaf stage (SCU1 and RCU1) could improve the physicochemical properties of starch by regulating the key enzymes and related genes of starch synthesis, thus improving the nutritional quality of lotus rhizome. These results provide a technical choice for the one-time application of slow-release fertilizer in lotus rhizome production and cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (K.D.); (P.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Kangming Deng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (K.D.); (P.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Peng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (K.D.); (P.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Kai Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (K.D.); (P.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Shuping Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (K.D.); (P.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Liangjun Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (K.D.); (P.W.); (K.F.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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9
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Transcriptome and Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Rice Root Systems in Response to Low-Nitrogen Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065290. [PMID: 36982364 PMCID: PMC10048922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is an important nutrient for plant growth and essential metabolic processes. Roots integrally obtain nutrients from soil and are closely related to the growth and development of plants. In this study, the morphological analysis of rice root tissues collected at different time points under low-nitrogen and normal nitrogen conditions demonstrated that, compared with normal nitrogen treatment, the root growth and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of rice under low-nitrogen treatment were significantly improved. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of the rice root system’s response to low-nitrogen conditions, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of rice seedling roots under low-nitrogen and control conditions was conducted in this study. As a result, 3171 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Rice seedling roots enhance NUE and promote root development by regulating the genes related to nitrogen absorption and utilization, carbon metabolism, root growth and development, and phytohormones, thereby adapting to low-nitrogen conditions. A total of 25,377 genes were divided into 14 modules using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Two modules were significantly associated with nitrogen absorption and utilization. A total of 8 core genes and 43 co-expression candidates related to nitrogen absorption and utilization were obtained in these two modules. Further studies on these genes will contribute to the understanding of low-nitrogen adaptation and nitrogen utilization mechanisms in rice.
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Zhao J, Huang R, Wang X, Ma C, Li M, Zhang Q. Effects of combined nitrogen and phosphorus application on protein fractions and nonstructural carbohydrate of alfalfa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1124664. [PMID: 36968423 PMCID: PMC10032370 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1124664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization significantly affect alfalfa production and chemical composition; however, the effect of combined N and P application on protein fractions and the nonstructural carbohydrate content of alfalfa is not fully understood. This two-year study investigated the effects of N and P fertilization on the protein fractions, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC), and alfalfa hay yield. Field experiments were carried out using two nitrogen application rates (N60, 60 and N120, 120 kg N ha - 1) and four phosphorus application rates (P0, 0; P50, 50; P100, 100; and P150, 150 kg P ha - 1), total 8 treatment (N60P0, N60P50, N60P100, N60P150, N120P0, N120P50, N120P100 and N120P150). Alfalfa seeds were sown in the spring of 2019, uniformly managed for alfalfa establishment, and tested in the spring of 2021-2022. Results indicated that P fertilization significantly increased the hay yield (3.07-13.43% ranges), crude protein (6.79-9.54%), non-protein nitrogen of crude protein (fraction A) (4.09-6.40%), and NSC content (11.00-19.40%) of alfalfa under the same treatment of N application (p < 0.05), whereas non-degradable protein (fraction C) decreased significantly (6.85-13.30%, p < 0.05). Moreover, increasing N application resulted in a linear increase the content of non-protein N (NPN) (4.56-14.09%), soluble protein (SOLP) (3.48-9.70%), and neutral detergent-insoluble protein (NDIP) (2.75-5.89%) (p < 0.05), whereas acid detergent-insoluble protein (ADIP) content was significantly decreased (0.56-5.06%, p < 0.05). The regression equations for nitrogen and phosphorus application indicated a quadratic relationship between yield and forage nutritive values. Meanwhile, the comprehensive evaluation scores of NSC, nitrogen distribution, protein fractions, and hay yield by principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the N120P100 treatment had the highest score. Overall, 120 kg N ha - 1 coupled with 100 kg P ha - 1 (N120P100) promoted the growth and development of perennial alfalfa, increased soluble nitrogen compounds and total carbohydrate content, and reduced protein degradation, thus improving the alfalfa hay yield and nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Rongzheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xuzhe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chunhui Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Man Li
- College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Qianbing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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11
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Ullah A, Zhao C, Zhang M, Sun C, Liu X, Hu J, Zeeshan M, Zaid A, Dai T, Tian Z. Nitrogen enhances the effect of pre-drought priming against post-anthesis drought stress by regulating starch and protein formation in wheat. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13907. [PMID: 37039612 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most serious environmental stress factor constraining crop production across the globe. Among cereals, wheat grains are very sensitive to drought as a small degree of stress can affect the enzymatic system. This study aimed to investigate whether nitrogen and pre-anthesis drought priming could enhance the action of major regulatory enzymes involved in starch accumulation and protein synthesis in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). For this purpose, cultivars YM-158 (medium gluten) and YM-22 (low gluten) were grown in rain-controlled conditions under two nitrogen levels, that is, N180 (N1) and N300 (N2). Drought priming was applied at the jointing stage and drought stress was applied 7 days after anthesis. Drought stress reduced starch content but enhanced protein content in grains. N2 and primed plants kept higher contents of nonstructural carbohydrates, fructans, and sucrose; with higher activity of sucrose-phosphate synthase in flag leaves. Furthermore, N2 and priming treatments showed higher sink ability to develop grains by showing higher sucrose-to-starch conversion activities of adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase, uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, sucrose-synthase, soluble-starch synthase, starch branching enzyme, and granule-bound starch synthase as compared to N1 and non-primed treatments. The application of N2 and primed treatment showed a greater ability to maintain grain filling in both cultivars as compared to N1 and non-primed crops. Our study suggested that high nitrogen has the potential to enhance the effect of pre-drought priming to change source-sink relationships and grain yield of wheat under drought stress during the filling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attiq Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanjiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Henry Fork School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Abbu Zaid
- Department of Botany, Government Gandhi Memorial Science College, Cluster University, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Ma B, Zhang L, He Z. Understanding the regulation of cereal grain filling: The way forward. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:526-547. [PMID: 36648157 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During grain filling, starch and other nutrients accumulate in the endosperm; this directly determines grain yield and grain quality in crops such as rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Grain filling is a complex trait affected by both intrinsic and environmental factors, making it difficult to explore the underlying genetics, molecular regulation, and the application of these genes for breeding. With the development of powerful genetic and molecular techniques, much has been learned about the genes and molecular networks related to grain filling over the past decades. In this review, we highlight the key factors affecting grain filling, including both biological and abiotic factors. We then summarize the key genes controlling grain filling and their roles in this event, including regulators of sugar translocation and starch biosynthesis, phytohormone-related regulators, and other factors. Finally, we discuss how the current knowledge of valuable grain filling genes could be integrated with strategies for breeding cereal varieties with improved grain yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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13
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Zhai L, Yan A, Shao K, Wang S, Wang Y, Chen ZH, Xu J. Large Vascular Bundle Phloem Area 4 enhances grain yield and quality in rice via source-sink-flow. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:317-334. [PMID: 36179092 PMCID: PMC9806617 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In rice (Oryza sativa L.), vascular bundle phloem tissue in the panicle neck is vital for the transport of photosynthetic products from leaf to panicle and is positively associated with grain yield. However, genetic regulation of the single large vascular bundle phloem area (LVPA) in rice panicle neck tissue remains poorly understood. In this study, we carried out genome-wide association analysis of LVPA in the panicle neck using 386 rice accessions and isolated and characterized the gene LVPA4, which is allelic to NARROW LEAF1 (NAL1). Phenotypic analyses were carried out on the near-isogenic line (NIL) NIL-LVPA4LT in the high-yielding indica (xian) cultivar Teqing and on overexpression lines transformed with a vector carrying the Lemont alleles of LVPA4. Both NIL-LVPA4LT and LVPA4 overexpression lines exhibited significantly increased LVPA, enlarged flag leaf size, and improved panicle type. NIL-LVPA4LT had a 7.6%-9.6% yield increase, mainly due to the significantly higher filled grain number per panicle, larger vascular system for transporting photoassimilates to spikelets, and more sufficient source supply that could service the increased sink capacity. Moreover, NIL-LVPA4LT had improved grain quality compared with Teqing, which was mainly attributed to substantial improvement in grain filling, especially for inferior spikelets in NIL-LVPA4LT. The single-nucleotide variation in the third exon of LVPA4 was associated with LVPA, spikelet number, and leaf size throughout sequencing analysis in 386 panels. The results demonstrate that LVPA4 has synergistic effects on source capacity, sink size, and flow transport and plays crucial roles in rice productivity and grain quality, thus revealing the value of LVPA4 in rice breeding programs for improved varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiyuan Zhai
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - An Yan
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Kuitian Shao
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, Guangdong, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China
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Lan T, Xie N, Chen C, He X, Deng O, Zhou W, Chen G, Ling J, Yuan S, Huang R, Tian Z, Anderson CWN, Gao X. Effects of biological nitrification inhibitor in regulating NH 3 volatilization and fertilizer nitrogen recovery efficiency in soils under rice cropping. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155857. [PMID: 35561920 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrification inhibitors are exudates from plant roots that can inhibit nitrification, and have advantages over traditional synthetic nitrification inhibitors. However, our understanding of the effects of biological nitrification inhibitors on nitrogen (N) loss and fertilizer N recovery efficiency in staple food crops is limited. In this study, acidic and calcareous soils were selected, and rice growth pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the biological nitrification inhibitor, methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (MHPP) and/or a urease inhibitor (N-[n-butyl], thiophosphoric triamide [NBPT]) on NH3 volatilization, N leaching, fertilizer N recovery efficiency under a 20% reduction of the conventional N application rate. Our results show that rice yield and fertilizer N recovery efficiency were more sensitive to reduced N application in the calcareous soil than in the acidic soil. MHPP stimulated NH3 volatilization by 13.2% in acidic soil and 9.06% in calcareous soil but these results were not significant. In the calcareous soil, fertilizer N recovery efficiency significantly increased by 19.3% and 44.4% in the MHPP and NBPT+MHPP groups, respectively, relative to the reduced N treatment, and the rice yield increased by 16.7% in the NBPT+MHPP treatment (P < 0.05). However, such effects were not significant in the acidic soil. MHPP exerted a significant effect on soil ammonia oxidizers, and the response of abundance and community structure of ammonia-oxidizing archaea, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, and total bacteria to MHPP depended on the soil type. MHPP+NBPT reduced NH3 volatilization, N leaching, and maintaining rice yield for a 20% reduction in conventional N fertilizer application rate. This could represent a viable strategy for more sustainable rice production, despite the inevitable increase in cost for famers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Nan Xie
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiaoqian He
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ouping Deng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Guangdeng Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jing Ling
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhaonan Tian
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Christopher W N Anderson
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, Private Bag 11-222, New Zealand
| | - Xuesong Gao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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15
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Hu Y, Liu J, Lin Y, Xu X, Xia Y, Bai J, Yu Y, Xiao F, Ding Y, Ding C, Chen L. Sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase 1 regulates sheath-to-panicle transport of nonstructural carbohydrates during rice grain filling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1694-1714. [PMID: 35294032 PMCID: PMC9237689 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The remobilization of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) reserved in rice (Oryza sativa) sheaths is essential for grain filling. This assimilate distribution between plant tissues and organs is determined by sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1). However, the SnRK1-mediated mechanism regulating the sheath-to-panicle transport of NSCs in rice remains unknown. In this study, leaf cutting treatment was used to accelerate NSC transport in the rice sheaths. Accelerated NSC transport was accompanied by increased levels of OsSnRK1a mRNA expression, SnRK1a protein expression, catalytic subunit phosphorylation of SnRK1, and SnRK1 activity, indicating that SnRK1 activity plays an important role in sheath NSC transport. We also discovered that trehalose-6-phosphate, a signal of sucrose availability, slightly reduced SnRK1 activity in vitro. Since SnRK1 activity is mostly regulated by OsSnRK1a transcription in response to low sucrose content, we constructed an snrk1a mutant to verify the function of SnRK1 in NSC transport. NSCs accumulated in the sheaths of snrk1a mutant plants and resulted in a low seed setting rate and grain weight, verifying that SnRK1 activity is essential for NSC remobilization. Using phosphoproteomics and parallel reaction monitoring, we identified 20 SnRK1-dependent phosphosites that are involved in NSC transport. In addition, the SnRK1-mediated phosphorylation of the phosphosites directly affected starch degradation, sucrose metabolism, phloem transport, sugar transport across the tonoplast, and glycolysis in rice sheaths to promote NSC transport. Therefore, our findings reveal the importance, function, and possible regulatory mechanism of SnRK1 in the sheath-to-panicle transport of NSCs in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqing Xia
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Bai
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchao Yu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Lin Chen
- Authors for correspondence: (L.C); (C.D.)
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16
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Li D, Ding Y, Cheng L, Zhang X, Cheng S, Ye Y, Gao Y, Qin Y, Liu Z, Li C, Ma F, Gong X. Target of rapamycin (TOR) regulates the response to low nitrogen stress via autophagy and hormone pathways in Malus hupehensis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac143. [PMID: 36072834 PMCID: PMC9437726 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a highly conserved master regulator in eukaryotes; it regulates cell proliferation and growth by integrating different signals. However, little is known about the function of TOR in perennial woody plants. Different concentrations of AZD8055 (an inhibitor of TOR) were used in this study to investigate the role of TOR in the response to low nitrogen (N) stress in the wild apple species Malus hupehensis. Low N stress inhibited the growth of M. hupehensis plants, and 1 μM AZD alleviated this effect. Plants supplied with 1 μM AZD had higher photosynthetic capacity, which promoted the accumulation of biomass, as well as higher contents of N and anthocyanins and lower content of starch. Exogenous application of 1 μM AZD also promoted the development of the root system. Plants supplied with at least 5 μM AZD displayed early leaf senescence. RNA-seq analysis indicated that TOR altered the expression of genes related to the low N stress response, such as genes involved in photosystem, starch metabolism, autophagy, and hormone metabolism. Further analysis revealed altered autophagy in plants supplied with AZD under low N stress; the metabolism of plant hormones also changed following AZD supplementation. In sum, our findings revealed that appropriate inhibition of TOR activated autophagy and jasmonic acid signaling in M. hupehensis, which allowed plants to cope with low N stress. Severe TOR inhibition resulted in the excessive accumulation of salicylic acid, which probably led to programmed cell death in M. hupehensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongchen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Zhang G, Cui K, Li G, Pan J, Huang J, Peng S. Stem small vascular bundles have greater accumulation and translocation of non-structural carbohydrates than large vascular bundles in rice. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13695. [PMID: 35491933 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phloem unloading and loading are associated with stem non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) accumulation and remobilization in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Four rice recombinant inbred lines (R032, R191, R046, and R146) derived from a cross between Zhenshan 97 and Minghui 63 were used to investigate the contributions of stem large and small vascular bundles (SVBs) to NSCs accumulation and translocation. Before heading, the parenchyma cells in stem cortex tissues (PCs) surrounding SVBs had higher starch density than those surrounding large vascular bundles (LVBs). Moreover, the protein levels of sucrose transporters (SUTs), cell wall invertase, sucrose synthase, and adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, as well as the phloem plasmodesma densities were higher in SVBs than those in LVBs. After heading, starch density decreased more in PCs surrounding SVBs than in LVBs. Also, the protein levels of SUTs, α-amylase, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase, the phloem plasmodesma densities in SVBs were higher than those in LVBs. The correlations of the number and total cross-sectional area of SVBs with mass and contribution to yield of transferred NSCs were higher than those of LVBs. Our results suggest that SVBs may have higher contributions to pre-anthesis stem NSCs accumulation and post-anthesis translocation than LVBs, which is potentially attributed to the high level of protein and enzyme involved in stem unloading and loading via apoplastic and symplastic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Corp Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kehui Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Corp Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Corp Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junfeng Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Corp Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Corp Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Corp Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Teng Z, Yu H, Wang G, Meng S, Liu B, Yi Y, Chen Y, Zheng Q, Liu L, Yang J, Duan M, Zhang J, Ye N. Synergistic interaction between ABA and IAA due to moderate soil drying promotes grain filling of inferior spikelets in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1457-1472. [PMID: 34921476 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poor grain filling of inferior spikelets is becoming a severe problem in some super rice varieties with large panicles. Moderate soil drying (MD) after pollination has been proven to be a practical strategy to promote grain filling. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unexplored. Here, transcriptomic analysis of the most active grain filling stage revealed that both starch metabolism and phytohormone signaling were significantly promoted by MD treatment, accompanied by increased enzyme activities of starch synthesis and elevated abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content in the inferior spikelet. Moreover, the IAA biosynthesis genes OsYUC11 and OsTAR2 were upregulated, while OsIAA29 and OsIAA24, which encode two repressors of auxin signaling, were downregulated by MD, implying a regulation of both IAA biosynthesis and auxin signal transduction in the inferior spikelet by MD. A notable improvement in grain filling of the inferior spikelet was found in the aba8ox2 mutant, which is mutated in an ABA catabolism gene. In contrast, overexpression of OsABA8ox2 significantly reduced grain filling. Interestingly, not only the IAA content, but also the expression of IAA biosynthesis and auxin-responsive genes displayed a similar trend to that in the inferior spikelet under MD. In addition, several OsTPP genes were downregulated in the inferior spikelets of both MD/ABA-treated wild-type plants and the aba8ox2 mutant, resulting in lower trehalose content and higher levels of -6-phosphate (T6P), thereby increasing the expression of OsTAR2, a target of T6P. Taken together, our results suggest that the synergistic interaction of ABA-mediated accumulation of IAA promotes grain filling of inferior spikelets under MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Teng
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice Stress Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Huihui Yu
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice Stress Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Guanqun Wang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuan Meng
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Bohan Liu
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yake Yi
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yinke Chen
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meijuan Duan
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice Stress Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nenghui Ye
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice Stress Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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Ali I, Ullah S, Iqbal A, Quan Z, Liang H, Ahmad S, Muhammad I, Guo Z, Wei S, Jiang L. Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer promotes the activity of starch metabolism enzymes and the expression of related genes in rice in a dual cropping system. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:600. [PMID: 34922452 PMCID: PMC8684189 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overuse of chemical fertilizer highly influences grain filling rate and quality of rice grain. Biochar is well known for improving plant growth and grain yield under lower chemical fertilization. Therefore field trials were conducted in the early and late seasons of 2019 at Guangxi University, China to investigate the effects of combined biochar (B) and nitrogen (N) application on rice yield and yield components. There were a total of eight treatments: N1B0, 135 kg N ha- 1+ 0 t B ha- 1; N2B0,180 kg N ha- 1+ 0 t B ha- 1; N1B1,135 kg N ha- 1+ 10 t B ha- 1; N1B2,135kg N ha- 1+ 20 t B ha- 1; N1B3,135 kg N ha- 1+ 30 t B ha- 1; N2B1,180 kg N ha- 1+ 10 t B ha- 1; N2B2,180 kg N ha- 1+ 20 t B ha- 1; and N2B3,180 kg N ha- 1+ 30 t B ha- 1. RESULTS Biochar application at 30 t ha- 1combined with low N application (135 kg ha- 1) increased the activity of starch-metabolizing enzymes (SMEs) during the early and late seasons compared with treatments without biochar. The grain yield, amylose concentration, and starch content of rice were increased in plots treated with 30 t B ha-1and low N. RT-qPCR analysis showed that biochar addition combined with N fertilizer application increased the expression of AGPS2b, SSS1, GBSS1, and GBSE11b, which increased the activity of SMEs during the grain-filling period. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the use of 20 to 30 t B ha- 1coupled with 135 kg N ha- 1 is optimal for improving the grain yield and quality of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Ali
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Saif Ullah
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhao Quan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - He Liang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ihsan Muhammad
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Zixiong Guo
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Shangqing Wei
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ligeng Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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20
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Effects of Elevated CO2 Concentration and Nitrogen Application Levels on the Accumulation and Translocation of Non-Structural Carbohydrates in Japonica Rice. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12135386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) play an important role in yield formation. In this paper, the relationships of NSC accumulation and translocation with yield formation were investigated under elevated CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) and nitrogen (N) application rates. A japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, “Nanjing 9108,” was grown at three [CO2]—Ambient (T0), ambient + 160 μmol·mol−1 (T1), and ambient + 200 μmol·mol−1 (T2)—in open-top chambers (OTC), with three levels of N fertilizer application rates—10 gN·m−2 (N1), 20 gN·m−2 (N2), and 30 gN·m−2 (N3)—Which were set in OTCs using pot experiments. The results showed that the concentration of NSC (CNSC) and the total mass of NSC stored in stems (TMNSC) under T1 and T2 were higher than those in the T0 treatment, and the CNSC and TMNSC of N3 were lower than those of N1 and N2 at the heading stage. The CNSC and the TMNSC were significantly positively correlated with the stem biomass during the growth period and were notably negatively correlated with the N content in leaves (Nleaf) at the heading and filling stages. The seed setting rate was significantly positively related to the apparent transferred mass of NSC from stems to grains (ATMNSC) at the filling stage, while the relationship between yield and the ATMNSC was not statistically significant. Although there was no difference in the apparent contribution of transferred NSC to grain yield (ACNSC) between treatments, NSC stored in stems further accumulated obviously during the late filling stage, implying that the grain yield of “Nanjing 9108” was predominantly sink-limited. We concluded that elevated [CO2] improved the concentration of NSC at the rice heading stage. The interaction between elevated [CO2] and N fertilizer rates significantly influenced the concentration of NSC at the filling stage. Rice stems NSC reaccumulated at the late grain filling stage, which implies a restriction on NSC transference to grain.
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21
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Wang L, Lin G, Yu X, Wu Y, Chen G, Xiong F. Endosperm enrichment and physicochemical properties of superior and inferior grain starch in super hybrid rice. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:669-678. [PMID: 32141171 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A significant asynchronous phenomenon exists in super hybrid rice because of the differences in spike and spikelet positions, which affect the accumulation and properties of starch. However, little is known about the endosperm enrichment and physicochemical properties of starch in superior and inferior grains in super hybrid rice. Rice YY2640 was selected as study material to investigate the enrichment and physicochemical properties of starch in superior and inferior grains in super rice using semi-thin sections, X-ray diffraction and related technologies. Superior grain filling was a continuous process, whereas inferior grain only started 8-10 days after anthesis. The order of starch accumulation starts in the central endosperm, then in the endosperm of the proximal vascular bundle and finally in the aleurone layer. Compared with the inferior grains, the superior grains have a higher 1000-grain weight, apparent amylose content, total starch content, average starch granule size, relative crystallinity, solubility and a resonance peak ratio at 1022/995 cm-1 , whereas the swelling power and ratio of the resonance peak at 1045/1022 cm-1 were lower. The final degree of hydrolysis of HCl, AAG and PPA of the superior grains were significantly lower than those of the inferior grains. The findings indicate that the different physicochemical properties of starch were mainly related to the development order of superior and inferior grains and the spatial enrichment of starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - G Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - X Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Y Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - G Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - F Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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22
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Zhai L, Wang F, Yan A, Liang C, Wang S, Wang Y, Xu J. Pleiotropic Effect of GNP1 Underlying Grain Number per Panicle on Sink, Source and Flow in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:933. [PMID: 32655609 PMCID: PMC7325936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rice yield potential is largely determined by the balance among source capacity, sink strength, and flow fluency. Our previous study indicated that the gene GNP1 encoding gibberellin biosynthesis gene GA20ox1 affects grain number per panicle (GNP) in rice, thus resulting in increase of grain yield. To clarify GNP1 effect on sink, source and flow in regulating rice grain yield, we compared Lemont, a japonica (geng) cultivar, with its near-isogenic line (NIL-GNP1 TQ) in Lemont background with introgression of the allele at GNP1 from Teqing, a high-yielding indica (xian) cultivar. NIL-GNP1 TQ exhibited averagely 32.8% more GNP than Lemont with the compensation by reduced seed setting rate, panicle number and single-grain weight. However, NIL-GNP1 TQ still produced averagely 7.2% higher grain yield than Lemont in two years, mainly attributed to significantly more filled grain number per panicle, and greater vascular system contributing to photoassimilates transport to spikelets. The significantly decreased grain weight of superior spikelets (SS) in NIL-GNP1 TQ was ascribed to a significant decrease of grain size while the significantly decreased grain weight of inferior spikelets (IS) ascribed to both grain size and poor grain-filling as compared with Lemont. The low activities of key enzymes of carbon metabolism might account for the poor grain-filling in IS, which resulted in more unfilled grains or small grain bulk density in NIL-GNP1 TQ. In addition, low seed setting rate and grain weight of IS in NIL-GNP1 TQ might be partially resulted from significantly lower carbohydrate accumulation in culms and leaf sheath before heading compared with Lemont. Our results indicated that significantly increased GNP from introgression of GNP1 TQ into Lemont did not highly significantly improve grain yield of NIL-GNP1 TQ as expected, due primarily to significant low sink activities in IS and possible insufficient source supply which didn't fully meet the increased sink capacity. The results provided useful information for improving rice yield potential through reasonably introgressing or pyramiding the favorable alleles underlying source-related or panicle number traits by marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiyuan Zhai
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - An Yan
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengwei Liang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Wang D, Xu T, Yin Z, Wu W, Geng H, Li L, Yang M, Cai H, Lian X. Overexpression of OsMYB305 in Rice Enhances the Nitrogen Uptake Under Low-Nitrogen Condition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:369. [PMID: 32351516 PMCID: PMC7174616 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application causes severe environmental degradation and drives up agricultural production costs. Thus, improving crop nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is essential for the development of sustainable agriculture. Here, we characterized the roles of the MYB transcription factor OsMYB305 in nitrogen uptake and assimilation in rice. OsMYB305 encoded a transcriptional activator and its expression was induced by N deficiency in rice root. Under low-N condition, OsMYB305 overexpression significantly increased the tiller number, shoot dry weight and total N concentration. In the roots of OsMYB305-OE rice lines, the expression of OsNRT2.1, OsNRT2.2, OsNAR2.1, and OsNiR2 was up-regulated and 15NO3 - influx was significantly increased. In contrast, the expression of lignocellulose biosynthesis-related genes was repressed so that cellulose content decreased, and soluble sugar concentration increased. Certain intermediates in the glycolytic pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were significantly altered and NADH-GOGAT, Pyr-K, and G6PDH were markedly elevated in the roots of OsMYB305-OE rice lines grown under low-N condition. Our results revealed that OsMYB305 overexpression suppressed cellulose biosynthesis under low-nitrogen condition, thereby freeing up carbohydrate for nitrate uptake and assimilation and enhancing rice growth. OsMYB305 is a potential molecular target for increasing NUE in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xingming Lian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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24
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Sharma N, Sinha VB, Prem Kumar NA, Subrahmanyam D, Neeraja CN, Kuchi S, Jha A, Parsad R, Sitaramam V, Raghuram N. Nitrogen Use Efficiency Phenotype and Associated Genes: Roles of Germination, Flowering, Root/Shoot Length and Biomass. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:587464. [PMID: 33552094 PMCID: PMC7855041 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.587464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Crop improvement for Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) requires a well-defined phenotype and genotype, especially for different N-forms. As N-supply enhances growth, we comprehensively evaluated 25 commonly measured phenotypic parameters for N response using 4 N treatments in six indica rice genotypes. For this, 32 replicate potted plants were grown in the green-house on nutrient-depleted sand. They were fertilized to saturation with media containing either nitrate or urea as the sole N source at normal (15 mM N) or low level (1.5 mM N). The variation in N-response among genotypes differed by N form/dose and increased developmentally from vegetative to reproductive parameters. This indicates survival adaptation by reinforcing variation in every generation. Principal component analysis segregated vegetative parameters from reproduction and germination. Analysis of variance revealed that relative to low level, normal N facilitated germination, flowering and vegetative growth but limited yield and NUE. Network analysis for the most connected parameters, their correlation with yield and NUE, ranking by Feature selection and validation by Partial least square discriminant analysis enabled shortlisting of eight parameters for NUE phenotype. It constitutes germination and flowering, shoot/root length and biomass parameters, six of which were common to nitrate and urea. Field-validation confirmed the NUE differences between two genotypes chosen phenotypically. The correspondence between multiple approaches in shortlisting parameters for NUE makes it a novel and robust phenotyping methodology of relevance to other plants, nutrients or other complex traits. Thirty-Four N-responsive genes associated with the phenotype have also been identified for genotypic characterization of NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, India
| | | | | | | | - C. N. Neeraja
- ICAR Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Surekha Kuchi
- ICAR Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashwani Jha
- School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, India
| | - Rajender Parsad
- ICAR Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Nandula Raghuram
- School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, India
- *Correspondence: Nandula Raghuram,
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25
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Zhou H, Yao X, Zhao Q, Zhang W, Zhang B, Xie F. Rapid Effect of Nitrogen Supply for Soybean at the Beginning Flowering Stage on Biomass and Sucrose Metabolism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15530. [PMID: 31664126 PMCID: PMC6820794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen application at the beginning flowering stage (R1 stage) increased the soybean grain yield, however, the rapid effect of enriched nitrogen at R1 growth stage on soybean dry matter accumulation and sugar metabolism is still unclear. Continuous high nitrogen (CHN), Continuous low nitrogen (CLN), Enriched nitrogen supply at R1 stage (ENS) treatments were applied on two soybean cultivars (Liaodou11, Liaodou14), to investigate the effect of enriched nitrogen on plant biomass accumulation and sucrose metabolism. After 12 h of ENS treatment, the root/shoot rate of both cultivars were lower than that of CLN, but at 24 h it was no significant difference between ENS and CLN. Enriched N at R1 stage, soybean kept a balance of sucrose synthesis and decomposition in leaf by affecting sucrose synthetase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities. Under N limitation condition the plant dry matter accumulation supported root growth priority. Enriched N at R1 stage resulted in the rapid shoot biomass accumulation. In high yield cultivar, the shoot growth was priority to root growth, the common yield cultivar was on the contrary. Our result suggest that enrich N at R1 stage resulted in the accumulation of biomass in shoot rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhou
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingdong Yao
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Virginia Tech Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Futi Xie
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
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26
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Wang J, Wen Z, Fu P, Lu W, Lu D. Effects of Nitrogen Rates on the Physicochemical Properties of Waxy Maize Starch. STARCH-STARKE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and PhysiologyAgricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Zhangrong Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and PhysiologyAgricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Pengxiao Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and PhysiologyAgricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Weiping Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and PhysiologyAgricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Dalei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and PhysiologyAgricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou 225009 China
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27
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He Y, Lin Y, Chen C, Tsai M, Lin AH. Impacts of Starch and the Interactions Between Starch and Other Macromolecules on Wheat Falling Number. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:641-654. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhen He
- Bi‐State School of Food ScienceUniv. of Idaho Moscow ID 83844‐2312 U.S.A
| | - Yu‐Lian Lin
- Bi‐State School of Food ScienceUniv. of Idaho Moscow ID 83844‐2312 U.S.A
| | - Chen Chen
- Bi‐State School of Food ScienceUniv. of Idaho Moscow ID 83844‐2312 U.S.A
| | - Min‐Hui Tsai
- Bi‐State School of Food ScienceUniv. of Idaho Moscow ID 83844‐2312 U.S.A
| | - Amy Hui‐Mei Lin
- Bi‐State School of Food ScienceUniv. of Idaho Moscow ID 83844‐2312 U.S.A
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