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Yadav N, Kumar A, Sawariya M, Kumar N, Mehra H, Kumar S, Kaur V, Arya SS. Effect of GA 3 and calcium on growth, biochemical, and fatty acid composition of linseed under chloride-dominated salinity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16958-16971. [PMID: 38326686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of salts in soil is an environmental threat affecting plant growth and crop yield. Linseed or flax is an ancient crop that has multifarious utilities in terms of industrial oil, textile fiber, and products. Salt susceptibility adversely affects linseed production, particularly to meet the growing demand for nutritional and nutraceutical products. In the present study, the ameliorative potential of gibberellic acid (GA3) and calcium (Ca2+) in mitigating the adverse effects of chloride-dominated salinity stress on the growth and physiological and biochemical processes in linseed was determined. Severe salinity treatment (10 dSm-1) resulted in stunted growth of tested linseed genotypes causing a significant reduction in biomass while proline content, phenol, H2O2, lipid peroxidation, and DPPH activity were increased in comparison to control. The exogenous application of 10-6 M GA3 and/or 10 mg CaCl2 kg-1 was found to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity stress. The mitigation was accomplished through the improvement of growth indicators, increased osmoprotectants such as proline and phenol content, stimulating DPPH activity, and reduction of H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation. The comparative evaluation of different saline treatments imposed individually and in combination with GA3 and Ca2+ revealed that combined GA3 and Ca2+ application exhibited synergistic effects and was most effective in mitigating the negative impacts of salt stress. The present study unravels the ameliorative role of GA3 and Ca2+ (individual or combined) in the physiologic-biochemical adaptive response of linseed plants grown under chloride-dominated salinity and thus aids in a better understanding of the underlying tolerance mechanisms of plants to withstand stress in saline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Yadav
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Mamta Sawariya
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Himanshu Mehra
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Vikender Kaur
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
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Carneiro-Carvalho A, Pinto T, Gomes-Laranjo J, Anjos R. The potential of SiK® fertilization in the resilience of chestnut plants to drought - a biochemical study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1120226. [PMID: 37448863 PMCID: PMC10338186 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1120226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Silicon is an essential mineral nutrient, that plays a crucial role in the metabolic, biochemical, and functional mechanisms of many crops under environmental stress. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of SiK® fertilization on the biochemical defense response in plants exposed to water stress. Castanea sativa plants were fertilized with different concentrations of potassium silicate (0, 5, 7.5, and 10 mM of SiK®) and exposed to a non-irrigation phase and an irrigation phase. The results indicate that silicon promoted the synthesis of soluble proteins and decreased the proline content and the oxidative stress (reduced electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide accumulation) in tissues, due to an increase in ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase activity, which was accompanied by the rise in total phenol compounds and the number of thiols under drought conditions. This study suggests that exogenous Si applications have a protective role in chestnut plants under water deficit by increasing their resilience to this abiotic stress.
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Marmiroli M, Mussi F, Gallo V, Gianoncelli A, Hartley W, Marmiroli N. Combination of Biochemical, Molecular, and Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Techniques to Study the Effects of Silicon in Tomato ( Solanum Lycopersicum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15837. [PMID: 36555489 PMCID: PMC9785873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The work focused on the analysis of two cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Aragon and Gladis, under two different treatments of silicon, Low, 2 L of 0.1 mM CaSiO3, and High, 0.5 mM CaSiO3, weekly, for 8 weeks, under stress-free conditions. We subsequently analyzed the morphology, chemical composition, and elemental distribution using synchrotron-based µ-XRF techniques, physiological, and molecular aspects of the response of the two cultivars. The scope of the study was to highlight any significant response of the plants to the Si treatments, in comparison with any response to Si of plants under stress. The results demonstrated that the response was mainly cultivar-dependent, also at the level of mitochondrial-dependent oxidative stress, and that it did not differ from the two conditions of treatments. With Si deposited mainly in the cell walls of the cells of fruits, leaves, and roots, the treatments did not elicit many significant changes from the point of view of the total elemental content, the physiological parameters that measured the oxidative stress, and the transcriptomic analyses focalized on genes related to the response to Si. We observed a priming effect of the treatment on the most responsive cultivar, Aragon, in respect to future stress, while in Gladis the Si treatment did not significantly change the measured parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 33/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- The Italian National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parco Area delle Scienze 93/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Mussi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 33/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Gallo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 33/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14—km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - William Hartley
- Agriculture and Environment, Harper Adams University, Newport B5062, UK
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- The Italian National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parco Area delle Scienze 93/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Venâncio JB, Dias NDS, de Medeiros JF, de Morais PLD, do Nascimento CWA, de Sousa Neto ON, de Andrade LM, Pereira KTO, Peixoto TDC, Rocha JLA, Ferreira Neto M, Sá FVDS. Effect of Salinity and Silicon Doses on Onion Post-Harvest Quality and Shelf Life. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2788. [PMID: 36297810 PMCID: PMC9607372 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress during pre-harvest limits the shelf life and post-harvest quality of produce; however, silicon nutrition can mitigate salt stress in plants. Thus, we evaluated the effects of salinity and fertilization with Si, in pre-harvest, on the morpho-physiological characteristics of onion bulbs during shelf life. The experiment was set up in randomized complete blocks, with treatments arranged in split-split plots. The plots had four levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.65, 1.7, 2.8, and 4.1 dS m-1). The subplots had five fertilization levels with Si (0, 41.6, 83.2, 124.8, and 166.4 kg ha-1). The sub-sub plots had four shelf times (0, 20, 40, and 60 days after harvest). Irrigation water salinity and shelf time reduced firmness and increased the mass loss of onion bulbs during shelf life. Salt stress reduced the contents of sugars and total soluble solids of onion bulbs during storage; however, Si supply improved the contents of these variables. Salinity, Si supply, and shelf time increased the concentrations of pyruvic and ascorbic acids in onion bulbs during shelf life. Si doses between 121.8 and 127.0 kg ha-1 attenuated the impacts caused by moderate salinity, increasing the synthesis of metabolites and prolonging the onion bulbs' shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nildo da Silva Dias
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciara Maria de Andrade
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Ferreira Neto
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
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Abdullah, Mahmood A, Bibi S, Naqve M, Javaid MM, Zia MA, Jabbar A, Ud-Din W, Attia KA, Khan N, Al-Doss AA, Fiaz S. Physiological, Biochemical, and Yield Responses of Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) in α-Tocopherol-Mediated Alleviation of Salinity Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:867172. [PMID: 35720587 PMCID: PMC9204098 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.867172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous application of antioxidants can be helpful for plants to resist salinity, which can be a potentially simple, economical, and culturally feasible approach, compared with introgression and genetic engineering. Foliar spraying of alpha-tocopherol (α-tocopherol) is an approach to improve plant growth under salinity stress. Alpha-tocopherol acts as an antioxidant preventing salinity-induced cellular oxidation. This study was designed to investigate the negative effects of salinity (0 and 120mM NaCl) on linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and their alleviation by foliar spraying of α-tocopherol (0, 100, and 200mg L-1). Seeds of varieties "Chandni and Roshni" were grown in sand-filled plastic pots, laid in a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement, and each treatment was replicated three times. Salinity significantly affected linseed morphology and yield by reducing shoot and root dry weights, photosynthetic pigment (Chl. a, Chl. b, total Chl., and carotenoids) contents, mineral ion (Ca2+, K+) uptake, and 100-seed weight. Concomitantly, salinity increased Na+, proline, soluble protein, peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities in both varieties. Conversely, the growth and yield of linseed varieties were significantly restored by foliar spraying of α-tocopherol under saline conditions, improving shoot and root dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic pigment, mineral ion, proline, soluble protein contents, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities, and 100-seed weight. Moreover, foliar spray of α-tocopherol alleviated the effects of salinity stress by reducing the Na+ concentration and enhancing K+ and Ca2+ uptake. The Chandni variety performed better than the Roshni, for all growth and physiological parameters studied. Foliar spray of α-tocopherol (200mg L-1) alleviated salinity effects by improving the antioxidant potential of linseed varieties, which ultimately restored growth and yield. Therefore, the use of α-tocopherol may enhance the productivity of linseed and other crops under saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Safura Bibi
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Naqve
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Anjum Zia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasi Ud-Din
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kotb A. Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Abdullah A. Al-Doss
- Biotechnology Lab, Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
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Shivaraj SM, Mandlik R, Bhat JA, Raturi G, Elbaum R, Alexander L, Tripathi DK, Deshmukh R, Sonah H. Outstanding Questions on the Beneficial Role of Silicon in Crop Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:4-18. [PMID: 34558628 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is widely accepted as a beneficial element for plants. Despite the substantial progress made in understanding Si transport mechanisms and modes of action in plants, several questions remain unanswered. In this review, we discuss such outstanding questions and issues commonly encountered by biologists studying the role of Si in plants in relation to Si bioavailability. In recent years, advances in our understanding of the role of Si-solubilizing bacteria and the efficacy of Si nanoparticles have been made. However, there are many unknown aspects associated with structural and functional features of Si transporters, Si loading into the xylem, and the role of specialized cells like silica cells and compounds preventing Si polymerization in plant tissues. In addition, despite several 1,000 reports showing the positive effects of Si in high as well as low Si-accumulating plant species, the exact roles of Si at the molecular level are yet to be understood. Some evidence suggests that Si regulates hormonal pathways and nutrient uptake, thereby explaining various observed benefits of Si uptake. However, how Si modulates hormonal pathways or improves nutrient uptake remains to be explained. Finally, we summarize the knowledge gaps that will provide a roadmap for further research on plant silicon biology, leading to an exploration of the benefits of Si uptake to enhance crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shivaraj
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140308, India
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140308, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab 160014, India
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gaurav Raturi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140308, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab 160014, India
| | - Rivka Elbaum
- R H Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lux Alexander
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava SK-84215, Slovakia
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140308, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140308, India
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Verma KK, Song XP, Lin B, Guo DJ, Singh M, Rajput VD, Singh RK, Singh P, Sharma A, Malviya MK, Chen GL, Li YR. Silicon Induced Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants: Physiological Adaptation Strategies. SILICON 2022; 14. [PMCID: PMC7982764 DOI: 10.1007/s12633-021-01071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Bo Lin
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Dao-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Munna Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226 007 India
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006 Russia
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Pratiksha Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Malviya
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Gan-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
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Verma KK, Song XP, Zeng Y, Guo DJ, Singh M, Rajput VD, Malviya MK, Wei KJ, Sharma A, Li DP, Chen GL, Li YR. Foliar application of silicon boosts growth, photosynthetic leaf gas exchange, antioxidative response and resistance to limited water irrigation in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:582-592. [PMID: 34175813 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell and water relationship regulates morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics to optimize carboxylation for enhanced biomass yield in sugarcane. Insufficient water irrigation is one of the serious problems to impair potential yield of agriculturally important sugarcane cash crop by loss in plant performance. Our study aims to reveal consequences of foliar spray of silicon (Si) using calcium metasilicate powder (Wollastonite, CaO.SiO2) to alleviate the adverse effects of limited water irrigation in sugarcane. Silicon (0, 50, 100 and 500 ppm) was applied as foliar spray on normally grown 45 days old sugarcane plants. Further, these plants were raised at half field capacity (50%) using water irrigation precisely up to 90 days under open environmental variables. Consequently, restricted irrigation impaired plant growth-development, leaf relative water content (%), photosynthetic pigments, SPAD unit, photosynthetic performance, chlorophyll fluorescence variable yield (Fv/Fm) and biomass yield. Notably, it has enhanced values of proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidative defense enzyme molecules viz., catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The foliar spray of Si defended sugarcane plants from limited water irrigation stress as Si quenched harmful effect of water-deficit and also enhanced the operation of antioxidant defense machinery for improved sugarcane plant performance suitably favored stomatal dynamics for photosynthesis and plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- International Co-operation Division, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007, Guangxi, China
| | - Dao-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Munna Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226 007, India
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Mukesh Kumar Malviya
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Kai-Jun Wei
- Liuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Liuzhou, 545 003, Guangxi, China
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Dong-Ping Li
- Microbiology Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Gan-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Arif Y, Singh P, Bajguz A, Alam P, Hayat S. Silicon mediated abiotic stress tolerance in plants using physio-biochemical, omic approach and cross-talk with phytohormones. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:278-289. [PMID: 34146783 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element present on the lithosphere and a quasi-essential element for plants' cellular and developmental processes. Si is associated with augmented germination, growth, photosynthesis, gas exchange, photosystem efficiency, and yield attributes in unstressed and stressed plants. The exogenous application of Si facilitates morpho-physiological and biochemical traits. It triggers the content of compatible osmolyte and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, which decreases reactive oxygen species like hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Uptake and transport of Si in plants are discussed in this review. Furthermore, the potent roles of Si in plants are emphasized. The cross-talk of Si with phytohormones such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, jasmonic acid, and ethylene is also presented. Moreover, attempts have been made to cover the contribution of Si mediated enhancement in 'omics' (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and ionomic) approach that is useful in diminishing stress. This review aims to provide Si integration with phytohormone and utilization of 'omic approaches' to understand the role of Si in plants. This review also underlines the need for future research to evaluate the role of Si during abiotic stress in plants and the identification of gaps in understanding this process as a whole at a broader level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamshi Arif
- Aligarh Muslim University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Aligarh Muslim University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology, Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Konstantego Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Aligarh Muslim University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Bokor B, Santos CS, Kostoláni D, Machado J, da Silva MN, Carvalho SMP, Vaculík M, Vasconcelos MW. Mitigation of climate change and environmental hazards in plants: Potential role of the beneficial metalloid silicon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126193. [PMID: 34492957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the concentration of atmospheric CO2 and the average temperature have been increasing, and this trend is expected to become more severe in the near future. Additionally, environmental stresses including drought, salinity, UV-radiation, heavy metals, and toxic elements exposure represent a threat for ecosystems and agriculture. Climate and environmental changes negatively affect plant growth, biomass and yield production, and also enhance plant susceptibility to pests and diseases. Silicon (Si), as a beneficial element for plants, is involved in plant tolerance and/or resistance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. The beneficial role of Si has been shown in various plant species and its accumulation relies on the root's uptake capacity. However, Si uptake in plants depends on many biogeochemical factors that may be substantially altered in the future, affecting its functional role in plant protection. At present, it is not clear whether Si accumulation in plants will be positively or negatively affected by changing climate and environmental conditions. In this review, we focused on Si interaction with the most important factors of global change and environmental hazards in plants, discussing the potential role of its application as an alleviation strategy for climate and environmental hazards based on current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bokor
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Carla S Santos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dominik Kostoláni
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Joana Machado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre / Inov4Agro, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Marta Nunes da Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre / Inov4Agro, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Susana M P Carvalho
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre / Inov4Agro, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta W Vasconcelos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
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11
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Réthoré E, Jing L, Ali N, Yvin JC, Pluchon S, Hosseini SA. K Deprivation Modulates the Primary Metabolites and Increases Putrescine Concentration in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:681895. [PMID: 34484256 PMCID: PMC8409508 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.681895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) plays a crucial role in plant growth and development and is involved in different physiological and biochemical functions in plants. Brassica napus needs higher amount of nutrients like nitrogen (N), K, phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and boron (B) than cereal crops. Previous studies in B. napus are mainly focused on the role of N and S or combined deficiencies. Hence, little is known about the response of B. napus to K deficiency. Here, a physiological, biochemical, and molecular analysis led us to investigate the response of hydroponically grown B. napus plants to K deficiency. The results showed that B. napus was highly sensitive to the lack of K. The lower uptake and translocation of K induced BnaHAK5 expression and significantly declined the growth of B. napus after 14 days of K starvation. The lower availability of K was associated with a decrease in the concentration of both S and N and modulated the genes involved in their uptake and transport. In addition, the lack of K induced an increase in Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration which led partially to the accumulation of positive charge. Moreover, a decrease in the level of arginine as a positively charged amino acid was observed which was correlated with a substantial increase in the polyamine, putrescine (Put). Furthermore, K deficiency induced the expression of BnaNCED3 as a key gene in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic pathway which was associated with an increase in the levels of ABA. Our findings provided a better understanding of the response of B. napus to K starvation and will be useful for considering the importance of K nutrition in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Réthoré
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Lun Jing
- Plateformes Analytiques de Recherche, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Nusrat Ali
- Plateformes Analytiques de Recherche, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Jean-Claude Yvin
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
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12
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Verma K, Song XP, Tian DD, Singh M, Verma CL, Rajput VD, Singh RK, Sharma A, Singh P, Malviya MK, Li YR. Investigation of Defensive Role of Silicon during Drought Stress Induced by Irrigation Capacity in Sugarcane: Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19811-19821. [PMID: 34368568 PMCID: PMC8340432 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Water stress may become one of the most inevitable factors in years to come regulating crop growth, development, and productivity globally. The application of eco-friendly stress mitigator may sustain physiological fitness of the plants as uptake and accumulation of silicon (Si) found to alleviate stress with plant performance. Our study focused on the mitigative effects of Si using calcium metasilicate (wollastonite powder, CaO·SiO2) in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) prior to the exposure of water stress created by the retention of 50-45% soil moisture capacity. Si (0, 50, 100, and 500 ppm L-1) was supplied through soil irrigation in S. officinarum L. grown at about half of the soil moisture capacity for a period of 90 days. Water stress impaired plant growth, biomass, leaf relative water content, SPAD value, photosynthetic pigments capacity, and photochemical efficiency (F v/F m) of photosystem II. The levels of antioxidative defense-induced enzymes, viz., catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, enhanced. Silicon-treated plants expressed positive correlation with their performance index. A quadratic nonlinear relation observed between loss and gain (%) in physiological and biochemical parameters during water stress upon Si application. Si was found to be effective in restoring the water stress injuries integrated to facilitate the operation of antioxidant defense machinery in S. officinarum L. with improved plant performance index and photosynthetic carbon assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan
K. Verma
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Dan-Dan Tian
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Munna Singh
- Department
of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India
| | - Chhedi Lal Verma
- Irrigation
and Drainage Engineering, ICAR-Central Soil
Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow 226005, India
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy
of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal
University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Pratiksha Singh
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Malviya
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi, China
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13
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Cristofano F, El-Nakhel C, Rouphael Y. Biostimulant Substances for Sustainable Agriculture: Origin, Operating Mechanisms and Effects on Cucurbits, Leafy Greens, and Nightshade Vegetables Species. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1103. [PMID: 34439770 PMCID: PMC8392623 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a pressing matter of anthropogenic nature to which agriculture contributes by abusing production inputs such as inorganic fertilizers and fertigation water, thus degrading land and water sources. Moreover, as the increase in the demand of food in 2050 is estimated to be 25 to 70% more than what is currently produced today, a sustainable intensification of agriculture is needed. Biostimulant substances are products that the EU states work by promoting growth, resistance to plant abiotic stress, and increasing produce quality, and may be a valid strategy to enhance sustainable agricultural practice. Presented in this review is a comprehensive look at the scientific literature regarding the widely used and EU-sanctioned biostimulant substances categories of silicon, seaweed extracts, protein hydrolysates, and humic substances. Starting from their origin, the modulation of plants' hormonal networks, physiology, and stress defense systems, their in vivo effects are discussed on some of the most prominent vegetable species of the popular plant groupings of cucurbits, leafy greens, and nightshades. The review concludes by identifying several research areas relevant to biostimulant substances to exploit and enhance the biostimulant action of these substances and signaling molecules in horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.C.); (C.E.-N.)
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Biju S, Fuentes S, Gupta D. Silicon modulates nitro-oxidative homeostasis along with the antioxidant metabolism to promote drought stress tolerance in lentil plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1382-1398. [PMID: 33887059 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lentil is the fifth most important grain legume growing in arid/semi-arid regions of the world. Drought is one of the major constraints leading up to 50% of production losses just in lentil. Application of silicon (Si) has been shown to be a promising solution to improve drought tolerance; however, the biochemical mechanisms and interactions involved are not fully understood, especially in legumes. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Si on drought stress tolerance of lentil genotypes. Seven lentil genotypes with different drought tolerance levels (tolerant, moderately tolerant and sensitive) were subjected to moderate and severe drought stress at the onset of the reproductive stage. Results showed that different drought stress treatments significantly decreased the above ground biomass, water status and the concentration of chlorophyll pigments, whereas Si supplementation of drought stressed lentil genotypes significantly improved the same traits, irrespective of their drought tolerant levels. On the other hand, Si effect on osmoregulation leads to a decline in the membrane damage and osmolytes (proline and glycine betaine) concentration in drought-stressed lentil. Application of Si to drought-stressed lentil plants significantly maintained the nitro-oxidative homeostasis by balancing the concentrations of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and nitrous oxide, thereby reducing the oxidative damage caused due to drought stress. Furthermore, Si supplementation also stimulated the efficiency of the glutathione (GSH)-ascorbate (ASC) cycle by increasing the concentrations of GSH and ASC as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes like ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, dehydro-ascorbate reductase and nitrate reductase for better protection of cell membranes from reactive oxygen species. Although Si showed the same regulatory mechanisms in all the studied genotypes to protect lentil plants from moderate and severe drought stress, the defensive role of Si against drought stress was more conspicuous in drought sensitive genotypes than in the tolerant ones. Thus, this study suggests the protective role of Si on drought-stressed lentil genotypes through the modulation of nitro-oxidative homeostasis and antioxidant defence responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajitha Biju
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sigfredo Fuentes
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dorin Gupta
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Khan MIR, Ashfaque F, Chhillar H, Irfan M, Khan NA. The intricacy of silicon, plant growth regulators and other signaling molecules for abiotic stress tolerance: An entrancing crosstalk between stress alleviators. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:36-47. [PMID: 33667965 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Unfavorable environmental conditions are the critical inimical to the sustainable agriculture. Among various novel strategies designed to protect plants from abiotic stress threats, use of mineral elements as 'stress mitigators' has emerged as the most crucial and interesting aspect. Silicon (Si) is a quasi-essential nutrient that mediates plant growth and development and interacts with plant growth regulators (PGRs) and signaling molecules to combat abiotic stress induced adversities in plants and increase stress tolerance. PGRs are one of the most important chemical messengers that mediate plant growth and development during stressful conditions. However, the individual roles of Si and PGRs have extensively defined but their exquisite crosstalk with each other to mediate plant stress responses is still indiscernible. The present review is an upfront effort to delineate an intricate crosstalk/interaction between Si and PGRs to reduce abiotic stress adversities. The combined effects of interaction of Si with other signaling molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and calcium (Ca2+) for the survival of plants under stress and optimal conditions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farha Ashfaque
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | | | - Mohammad Irfan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nafees A Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
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16
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Vimont N, Schwarzenberg A, Domijan M, Donkpegan ASL, Beauvieux R, le Dantec L, Arkoun M, Jamois F, Yvin JC, Wigge PA, Dirlewanger E, Cortijo S, Wenden B. Fine tuning of hormonal signaling is linked to dormancy status in sweet cherry flower buds. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:544-561. [PMID: 32975290 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In temperate trees, optimal timing and quality of flowering directly depend on adequate winter dormancy progression, regulated by a combination of chilling and warm temperatures. Physiological, genetic and functional genomic studies have shown that hormones play a key role in bud dormancy establishment, maintenance and release. We combined physiological and transcriptional analyses, quantification of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs), and modeling to further investigate how these signaling pathways are associated with dormancy progression in the flower buds of two sweet cherry cultivars. Our results demonstrated that GA-associated pathways have distinct functions and may be differentially related with dormancy. In addition, ABA levels rise at the onset of dormancy, associated with enhanced expression of ABA biosynthesis PavNCED genes, and decreased prior to dormancy release. Following the observations that ABA levels are correlated with dormancy depth, we identified PavUG71B6, a sweet cherry UDP-GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE gene that up-regulates active catabolism of ABA to ABA glucosyl ester (ABA-GE) and may be associated with low ABA content in the early cultivar. Subsequently, we modeled ABA content and dormancy behavior in three cultivars based on the expression of a small set of genes regulating ABA levels. These results strongly suggest the central role of ABA pathway in the control of dormancy progression and open up new perspectives for the development of molecular-based phenological modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Vimont
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, av. Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Agro Innovation International - Centre Mondial d'Innovation - Groupe Roullier, 35400 St Malo, France
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman St., Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Schwarzenberg
- Agro Innovation International - Centre Mondial d'Innovation - Groupe Roullier, 35400 St Malo, France
| | - Mirela Domijan
- Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Peach St., Liverpool L69 7ZL, United Kingdom
| | - Armel S L Donkpegan
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, av. Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Rémi Beauvieux
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, av. Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Loïck le Dantec
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, av. Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Mustapha Arkoun
- Agro Innovation International - Centre Mondial d'Innovation - Groupe Roullier, 35400 St Malo, France
| | - Frank Jamois
- Agro Innovation International - Centre Mondial d'Innovation - Groupe Roullier, 35400 St Malo, France
| | - Jean-Claude Yvin
- Agro Innovation International - Centre Mondial d'Innovation - Groupe Roullier, 35400 St Malo, France
| | - Philip A Wigge
- Leibniz-Institut für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau (IGZ), Department for Plant Adaptation, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Groβbeeren, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Dirlewanger
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, av. Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sandra Cortijo
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman St., Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Bénédicte Wenden
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, av. Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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17
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AlKahtani MDF, Hafez YM, Attia K, Rashwan E, Husnain LA, AlGwaiz HIM, Abdelaal KAA. Evaluation of Silicon and Proline Application on the Oxidative Machinery in Drought-Stressed Sugar Beet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030398. [PMID: 33800758 PMCID: PMC8000334 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress deleteriously affects growth, development and productivity in plants. So, we examined the silicon effect (2 mmol) and proline (10 mmol) individually or the combination (Si + proline) in alleviating the harmful effect of drought on total phenolic compounds, reactive oxygen species (ROS), chlorophyll concentration and antioxidant enzymes as well as yield parameters of drought-stressed sugar beet plants during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. Our findings indicated that the root diameter and length (cm), root and shoot fresh weights (g plant−1) as well as root and sugar yield significantly decreased in sugar beet plants under drought. Relative water content (RWC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents and chlorophyll (Chl) concentration considerably reduced in stressed sugar beet plants that compared with control in both seasons. Nonetheless, lipid peroxidation (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2●−) considerably elevated as signals of drought. Drought-stressed sugar beet plants showed an increase in proline accumulation, total phenolic compounds and up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to mitigate drought effects. Si and proline individually or the combination Si + proline considerably increased root and sugar yield, sucrose%, Chl concentration and RWC, MDA and EL were remarkably reduced. The treatments led to adjust proline and total phenolic compounds as well as CAT and SOD activity in stressed sugar beet plants. We concluded that application of Si + proline under drought stress led to improve the resistance of sugar beet by regulating of proline, antioxidant enzymes, phenolic compounds and improving RWC, Chl concentration and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) contents as well as yield parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneera D. F. AlKahtani
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 102275-11675, Saudi Arabia; (M.D.F.A.); (L.A.H.); (H.I.M.A.)
| | - Yaser M. Hafez
- Excellence Center (EPCRS), Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Lab, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Kotb Attia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455-11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Rice Research & Training Center, Rice Biotechnology Lab, Field Crops Research Institute, Sakha, Kafr EL-Sheikh 33717, Egypt
| | - Emadeldeen Rashwan
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Latifa Al Husnain
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 102275-11675, Saudi Arabia; (M.D.F.A.); (L.A.H.); (H.I.M.A.)
| | - Hussah I. M. AlGwaiz
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 102275-11675, Saudi Arabia; (M.D.F.A.); (L.A.H.); (H.I.M.A.)
| | - Khaled A. A. Abdelaal
- Excellence Center (EPCRS), Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Lab, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
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18
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Gómez-Merino FC, Trejo-Téllez LI, García-Jiménez A, Escobar-Sepúlveda HF, Ramírez-Olvera SM. Silicon flow from root to shoot in pepper: a comprehensive in silico analysis reveals a potential linkage between gene expression and hormone signaling that stimulates plant growth and metabolism. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10053. [PMID: 33194376 PMCID: PMC7648454 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silicon (Si) is categorized as a quasi-essential element for plants thanks to the benefits on growth, development and metabolism in a hormetic manner. Si uptake is cooperatively mediated by Lsi1 and Lsi2. Nevertheless, Lsi channels have not yet been identified and characterized in pepper (Capsicum annuum), while genes involved in major physiological processes in pepper are Si-regulated. Furthermore, Si and phytohormones may act together in regulating plant growth, metabolism and tolerance against stress. Our aim was to identify potential synergies between Si and phytohormones stimulating growth and metabolism in pepper, based on in silico data. Methods We established a hydroponic system to test the effect of Si (0, 60, 125 and 250 mg L−1 Si) on the concentrations of this element in different pepper plant tissues. We also performed an in silico analysis of putative Lsi genes from pepper and other species, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Arabidopsis thaliana, to look for cis-acting elements responsive to phytohormones in their promoter regions. With the Lsi1 and Lsi2 protein sequences from various plant species, we performed a phylogenetic analysis. Taking into consideration the Lsi genes retrieved from tomato, potato and Arabidopsis, an expression profiling analysis in different plant tissues was carried out. Expression of Si-regulated genes was also analyzed in response to phytohormones and different plant tissues and developmental stages in Arabidopsis. Results Si concentrations in plant tissues exhibited the following gradient: roots > stems > leaves. We were able to identify 16 Lsi1 and three Lsi2 genes in silico in the pepper genome, while putative Lsi homologs were also found in other plant species. They were mainly expressed in root tissues in the genomes analyzed. Both Lsi and Si-regulated genes displayed cis-acting elements responsive to diverse phytohormones. In Arabidopsis, Si-regulated genes were transcriptionally active in most tissues analyzed, though at different expressed levels. From the set of Si-responsive genes, the NOCS2 gene was highly expressed in germinated seeds, whereas RABH1B, and RBCS-1A, were moderately expressed in developed flowers. All genes analyzed showed responsiveness to phytohormones and phytohormone precursors. Conclusion Pepper root cells are capable of absorbing Si, but small amounts of this element are transported to the upper parts of the plant. We could identify putative Si influx (Lsi1) and efflux (Lsi2) channels that potentially participate in the absorption and transport of Si, since they are mainly expressed in roots. Both Lsi and Si-regulated genes exhibit cis-regulatory elements in their promoter regions, which are involved in phytohormone responses, pointing to a potential connection among Si, phytohormones, plant growth, and other vital physiological processes triggered by Si in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Atonaltzin García-Jiménez
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
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19
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Verma KK, Wu KC, Verma CL, Li DM, Malviya MK, Singh RK, Singh P, Chen GL, Song XP, Li YR. Developing mathematical model for diurnal dynamics of photosynthesis in Saccharum officinarum responsive to different irrigation and silicon application. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10154. [PMID: 33194396 PMCID: PMC7597626 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the dynamic era of climate change, agricultural farming systems are facing various unprecedented problems worldwide. Drought stress is one of the serious abiotic stresses that hinder the growth potential and crop productivity. Silicon (Si) can improve crop yield by enhancing the efficiency of inputs and reducing relevant losses. As a quasi-essential element and the 2nd most abundant element in the Earth's crust, Si is utilized by plants and applied exogenously to combat drought stress and improve plant performance by increasing physiological, cellular and molecular responses. However, the physiological mechanisms that respond to water stress are still not well defined in Saccharum officinarum plants. To the best of our knowledge, the dynamics of photosynthesis responsive to different exogenous Si levels in Saccharum officinarum has not been reported to date. The current experiment was carried out to assess the protective role of Si in plant growth and photosynthetic responses in Saccharum officinarum under water stress conditions. Saccharum officinarum cv. 'GT 42' plants were subjected to drought stress conditions (80-75%, 55-50% and 35-30% of soil moisture) after ten weeks of normal growth, followed by the soil irrigation of Si (0, 100, 300 and 500 mg L-1) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that Si addition mitigated the inhibition in Saccharum officinarum growth and photosynthesis, and improved biomass accumulation during water stress. The photosynthetic responses (photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance) were found down-regulated under water stress, and it was significantly enhanced by Si application. No phytotoxic effects were monitored even at excess (500 mg L-1). Soil irrigation of 300 mg L-1 of Si was more effective as 100 and 500 mg L-1 under water stress condition. It is concluded that the stress in Saccharum officinarum plants applied with Si was alleviated by improving plant fitness, photosynthetic capacity and biomass accumulation as compared with the control. Thus, this study offers new information towards the assessment of growth, biomass accumulation and physiological changes related to water stress with Si application in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kai-Chao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chhedi Lal Verma
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (RRS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dong-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Malviya
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Pratiksha Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Gan-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiu Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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20
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Korwin Krukowski P, Ellenberger J, Röhlen-Schmittgen S, Schubert A, Cardinale F. Phenotyping in Arabidopsis and Crops-Are We Addressing the Same Traits? A Case Study in Tomato. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1011. [PMID: 32867311 PMCID: PMC7564427 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The convenient model Arabidopsis thaliana has allowed tremendous advances in plant genetics and physiology, in spite of only being a weed. It has also unveiled the main molecular networks governing, among others, abiotic stress responses. Through the use of the latest genomic tools, Arabidopsis research is nowadays being translated to agronomically interesting crop models such as tomato, but at a lagging pace. Knowledge transfer has been hindered by invariable differences in plant architecture and behaviour, as well as the divergent direct objectives of research in Arabidopsis versus crops compromise transferability. In this sense, phenotype translation is still a very complex matter. Here, we point out the challenges of "translational phenotyping" in the case study of drought stress phenotyping in Arabidopsis and tomato. After briefly defining and describing drought stress and survival strategies, we compare drought stress protocols and phenotyping techniques most commonly used in the two species, and discuss their potential to gain insights, which are truly transferable between species. This review is intended to be a starting point for discussion about translational phenotyping approaches among plant scientists, and provides a useful compendium of methods and techniques used in modern phenotyping for this specific plant pair as a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Korwin Krukowski
- Plant Stress Lab, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences DISAFA-Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Jan Ellenberger
- INRES Horticultural Sciences, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
| | | | - Andrea Schubert
- Plant Stress Lab, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences DISAFA-Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Cardinale
- Plant Stress Lab, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences DISAFA-Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.)
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21
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Thorne SJ, Hartley SE, Maathuis FJM. Is Silicon a Panacea for Alleviating Drought and Salt Stress in Crops? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1221. [PMID: 32973824 PMCID: PMC7461962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salinity affects around 20% of all arable land while an even larger area suffers from recurrent drought. Together these stresses suppress global crop production by as much as 50% and their impacts are predicted to be exacerbated by climate change. Infrastructure and management practices can mitigate these detrimental impacts, but are costly. Crop breeding for improved tolerance has had some success but is progressing slowly and is not keeping pace with climate change. In contrast, Silicon (Si) is known to improve plant tolerance to a range of stresses and could provide a sustainable, rapid and cost-effective mitigation method. The exact mechanisms are still under debate but it appears Si can relieve salt stress via accumulation in the root apoplast where it reduces "bypass flow of ions to the shoot. Si-dependent drought relief has been linked to lowered root hydraulic conductance and reduction of water loss through transpiration. However, many alternative mechanisms may play a role such as altered gene expression and increased accumulation of compatible solutes. Oxidative damage that occurs under stress conditions can be reduced by Si through increased antioxidative enzymes while Si-improved photosynthesis has also been reported. Si fertilizer can be produced relatively cheaply and to assess its economic viability to improve crop stress tolerance we present a cost-benefit analysis. It suggests that Si fertilization may be beneficial in many agronomic settings but may be beyond the means of smallholder farmers in developing countries. Si application may also have disadvantages, such as increased soil pH, less efficient conversion of crops into biofuel and reduced digestibility of animal fodder. These issues may hamper uptake of Si fertilization as a routine agronomic practice. Here, we critically evaluate recent literature, quantifying the most significant physiological changes associated with Si in plants under drought and salinity stress. Analyses show that metrics associated with photosynthesis, water balance and oxidative stress all improve when Si is present during plant exposure to salinity and drought. We further conclude that most of these changes can be explained by apoplastic roles of Si while there is as yet little evidence to support biochemical roles of this element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Thorne
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. Hartley
- Department of Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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22
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Khan A, Khan AL, Imran M, Asaf S, Kim YH, Bilal S, Numan M, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Lee IJ. Silicon-induced thermotolerance in Solanum lycopersicum L. via activation of antioxidant system, heat shock proteins, and endogenous phytohormones. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:248. [PMID: 32493420 PMCID: PMC7268409 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abiotic stresses (e.g., heat or limited water and nutrient availability) limit crop production worldwide. With the progression of climate change, the severity and variation of these stresses are expected to increase. Exogenous silicon (Si) has shown beneficial effects on plant growth; however, its role in combating the negative effects of heat stress and their underlying molecular dynamics are not fully understood. RESULTS Exogenous Si significantly mitigated the adverse impact of heat stress by improving tomato plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and relative water content. Si induced stress tolerance by decreasing the concentrations of superoxide anions and malondialdehyde, as well as mitigating oxidative stress by increasing the gene expression for antioxidant enzymes (peroxidases, catalases, ascorbate peroxidases, superoxide dismutases, and glutathione reductases) under stress conditions. This was attributed to increased Si uptake in the shoots via the upregulation of low silicon (SlLsi1 and SlLsi2) gene expression under heat stress. Interestingly, Si stimulated the expression and transcript accumulation of heat shock proteins by upregulating heat transcription factors (Hsfs) such as SlHsfA1a-b, SlHsfA2-A3, and SlHsfA7 in tomato plants under heat stress. On the other hand, defense and stress signaling-related endogenous phytohormones (salicylic acid [SA]/abscisic acid [ABA]) exhibited a decrease in their concentration and biosynthesis following Si application. Additionally, the mRNA and gene expression levels for SA (SlR1b1, SlPR-P2, SlICS, and SlPAL) and ABA (SlNCEDI) were downregulated after exposure to stress conditions. CONCLUSION Si treatment resulted in greater tolerance to abiotic stress conditions, exhibiting higher plant growth dynamics and molecular physiology by regulating the antioxidant defense system, SA/ABA signaling, and Hsfs during heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Yoon-Ha Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Muhammad Numan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
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Silicon Regulates Source to Sink Metabolic Homeostasis and Promotes Growth of Rice Plants Under Sulfur Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103677. [PMID: 32456188 PMCID: PMC7279143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Being an essential macroelement, sulfur (S) is pivotal for plant growth and development, and acute deficiency in this element leads to yield penalty. Since the last decade, strong evidence has reported the regulatory function of silicon (Si) in mitigating plant nutrient deficiency due to its significant diverse benefits on plant growth. However, the role of Si application in alleviating the negative impact of S deficiency is still obscure. In the present study, an attempt was undertaken to decipher the role of Si application on the metabolism of rice plants under S deficiency. The results showed a distinct transcriptomic and metabolic regulation in rice plants treated with Si under both short and long-term S deficiencies. The expression of Si transporters OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 was reduced under long-term deficiency, and the decrease was more pronounced when Si was provided. The expression of OsLsi6, which is involved in xylem loading of Si to shoots, was decreased under short-term S stress and remained unchanged in response to long-term stress. Moreover, the expression of S transporters OsSULTR tended to decrease by Si supply under short-term S deficiency but not under prolonged S stress. Si supply also reduced the level of almost all the metabolites in shoots of S-deficient plants, while it increased their level in the roots. The levels of stress-responsive hormones ABA, SA, and JA-lle were also decreased in shoots by Si application. Overall, our finding reveals the regulatory role of Si in modulating the metabolic homeostasis under S-deficient condition.
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Ozfidan-Konakci C, Yildiztugay E, Elbasan F, Kucukoduk M, Turkan I. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) and nitric oxide (NO) alleviate cobalt toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by modulating photosynthesis, chloroplastic redox and antioxidant capacity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:122061. [PMID: 31954305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)/nitric oxide (NO) in mitigating stress-induced damages has gained interest in the past few years. However, the protective mechanism H2S and/or NO has towards the chloroplast system through the regulation of redox status and activation of antioxidant capacity in cobalt-treated wheat remain largely unanswered. Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ekiz was treated with alone/in combination of a H2S donor (sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS,600μM)), a NO donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP,100μM)) and a NO scavenger (rutin hydrate (RTN,50μM)) to assess how the donors affect growth, water relations, redox and antioxidant capacity in chloroplasts, under cobalt (Co) concentrations of 150-300 μM. Stress decreased a number of parameters (growth, water content (RWC), osmotic potential (ΨΠ), carbon assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentrations, transpiration rate and the transcript levels of rubisco, which subsequently disrupt the photosynthetic capacity). However, SNP/NaHS counteracted the negative effects of stress on these aforementioned parameters and RTN application with stress/non-stress was reversed these effects. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and TBARS were induced under stress in spite of activated ascorbate peroxidase (APX). SNP/NaHS under stress increased activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), APX, glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), ascorbate (tAsA) and glutathione (GSH). In conclusion, NaHS/SNP are involved in the regulation and modification of growth, water content, rubisco activity and up-regulation of ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH) in chloroplast under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Fevzi Elbasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Kucukoduk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
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25
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Liu B, Soundararajan P, Manivannan A. Mechanisms of Silicon-Mediated Amelioration of Salt Stress in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E307. [PMID: 31461994 PMCID: PMC6784176 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), the second most predominant element in the earth crust consists of numerous benefits to plant. Beneficial effect of Si has been apparently visible under both abiotic and biotic stress conditions in plants. Supplementation of Si improved physiology and yield on several important agricultural and horticultural crops. Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect growth and yield. The presence of high concentration of salt in growing medium causes oxidative, osmotic, and ionic stresses to plants. In extreme conditions salinity affects soil, ground water, and limits agricultural production. Si ameliorates salt stress in several plants. The Si mediated stress mitigation involves various regulatory mechanisms such as photosynthesis, detoxification of harmful reactive oxygen species using antioxidant and non-antioxidants, and proper nutrient management. In the present review, Si mediated alleviation of salinity stress in plants through the regulation of photosynthesis, root developmental changes, redox homeostasis equilibrium, and regulation of nutrients have been dealt in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boling Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Prabhakaran Soundararajan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Abinaya Manivannan
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju-55365, Korea.
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Calcium Application Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance in Sugar Beet and Promotes Plant Biomass and Beetroot Sucrose Concentration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153777. [PMID: 31382384 PMCID: PMC6696248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of sugar beet to lose the final sugar yield under water limiting regime. Ample evidences have revealed the important role of mineral nutrition in increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. Despite the vital role of calcium (Ca2+) in plant growth and development, as well as in stress responses as an intracellular messenger, its role in alleviating drought stress in sugar beet has been rarely addressed. Here, an attempt was undertaken to investigate whether, and to what extent, foliar application of Ca2+ confers drought stress tolerance in sugar beet plants exposed to drought stress. To achieve this goal, sugar beet plants, which were grown in a high throughput phenotyping platform, were sprayed with Ca2+ and submitted to drought stress. The results showed that foliar application of Ca2+ increased the level of magnesium and silicon in the leaves, promoted plant growth, height, and leaf coverage area as well as chlorophyll level. Ca2+, in turn, increased the carbohydrate levels in leaves under drought condition and regulated transcriptionally the genes involved in sucrose transport (BvSUC3 and BvTST3). Subsequently, Ca2+ enhanced the root biomass and simultaneously led to induction of root (BvSUC3 and BvTST1) sucrose transporters which eventually supported the loading of more sucrose into beetroot under drought stress. Metabolite analysis revealed that the beneficial effect of Ca2+ in tolerance to drought induced-oxidative stress is most likely mediated by higher glutathione pools, increased levels of free polyamine putrescine (Put), and lower levels of amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Taken together, this work demonstrates that foliar application of Ca2+ is a promising fertilization strategy to improve mineral nutrition efficiency, sugar metabolism, redox state, and thus, drought stress tolerance.
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Kaushik P, Saini DK. Silicon as a Vegetable Crops Modulator-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E148. [PMID: 31159270 PMCID: PMC6631416 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vegetables require an optimum supply of mineral elements like silicon (Si). Si is second to oxygen in its abundance in the earth crust, and its role is quite significant in tackling biotic and abiotic stresses of vegetables. Si application also improves several agronomic and quality traits of vegetables. Hence, Si application is recommended as a strategy for the improvement of vegetable crops production. Although the research about the role of Si in vegetable dicots still lags far behind than cereals. Recently, omics-based approaches were used to provide a deeper understanding of the role of Si in vegetable protection. Here, we have compiled the studies focusing on the role of Si for vegetables, thus, enabling all of the important information regarding the effect Si application to vegetables at one place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India.
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28
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The Ameliorative Effect of Silicon on Maize Plants Grown in Mg-Deficient Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040969. [PMID: 30813370 PMCID: PMC6412671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of magnesium (Mg) for plant growth is well-documented. Silicon (Si)-mediated alleviation of mineral deficiencies has been also reported in a number of plant species; however, there is no report on the relevance of Si nutrition in plants grown in Mg-deficient condition. Therefore, in the present work, an attempt was undertaken to study the role of Si nutrition in maize plants exposed to Mg deficiency. Plants were grown either under low (0.02 mM) or normal (0.5 mM) levels of Mg, with or without Si supplement. We have shown that Mg-deficient plants treated with Si maintained their growth and increased significantly the levels of chlorophyll and soluble sugars compared to those plants which did not receive Si. In addition, the concentrations of hexose-P, and glycolytic intermediate metabolites—mainly organic acids (isocitric and glutamic acids)—were increased in response to Si nutrition, which was associated with an increase in the levels of stress amino acids such as gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA), serine and glycine, as well as polyamines putrescine, which overall contributed to Mg stress tolerance. In addition, Si enhanced the levels of phytohormones cytokinin iso-pentenyladenine (IP), iso-pentenyladenine riboside (IPR), jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivate l-isoleucine (JA-ILE). The increase in cytokinin maintained the growth of Mg-deficient plants, while JA and JA-IEA were induced in response to carbohydrates accumulation. Altogether, our study reveals the vital role of Si under Mg deficiency by regulating plant primary metabolite and hormonal changes.
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