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Gu J, Yang M, Qi M, Yang T, Wang L, Yang W, Zhang J. Analysis of the Volatile Components in Different Parts of Three Species of the Genus Amomum via Combined HS-SPME-GC-TOF-MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Foods 2024; 13:1925. [PMID: 38928865 PMCID: PMC11202860 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The study used headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-TOF-MS) to analyze volatile compounds in leaves and fruits of Amomum tsaoko, Amomum paratsaoko, and Amomum koenigii. The composition and aroma of distinct metabolites were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods. A total of 564 volatile compounds were identified from three species of the genus Amomum, which were further divided into nine categories: terpenoids, carboxylic acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, ethers, and other compounds. Terpenoids and alcohols were the most abundant. The content and types of compounds vary in A. tsaoko, A. paratsaoko, and A. koenigii, so mixing or substituting them is not advisable. We selected 45 metabolites based on the criteria of the variable importance in projection values (VIP > 1.5) and one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). The top 19 metabolites with the most significant VIP values were chosen. Interestingly, (Z)-2-decenal was only found in Amomum koenigii, while nitroethane and nonanal were only present in cultivated A. tsaoko. Additionally, linalool, cineole, and (D)-limonene were the main components affecting the aroma of three species of the genus Amomum. The volatile components identified in this study provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the unique flavor of A. tsaoko, A. paratsaoko, and A. koenigii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Gu
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China; (J.G.); (L.W.); (W.Y.)
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Meiquan Yang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China; (J.G.); (L.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Mingju Qi
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China; (J.G.); (L.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Tianmei Yang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China; (J.G.); (L.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Li Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China; (J.G.); (L.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Weize Yang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China; (J.G.); (L.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China; (J.G.); (L.W.); (W.Y.)
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2
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Domínguez-Rodríguez G, Amador-Luna VM, Benešová K, Pernica M, Parada-Alfonso F, Ibáñez E. Biorefinery approach with green solvents for the valorization of Citrus reticulata leaves to obtain antioxidant and anticholinergic extracts. Food Chem 2024; 456:140034. [PMID: 38870823 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Citrus reticulata L leaves are one of the main post-harvest byproduct, containing bioactive compounds, that are usually undervalued. This work describes the development of a biorefinery process based on the application of supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) followed by ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NaDES) to extract bioactive terpenoids and phenolic compounds from these leaves. Extraction temperature and pressure of SC-CO2 were optimized, obtaining the highest bioactive terpenoids content using 200 bar at 60 °C. A Box-Behnken experimental design showed that 57% of water in NaDES composed of Choline Chloride and Glycerol (1:2) as extraction solvent at 25 °C for 50 min were the optimal UAE-NaDES extraction conditions to obtain the highest bioactive phenolic content from the residue of the optimal SC-CO2 extraction. The optimum extract presented the highest bioactivity and polyphenol content determined by LC-DAD-MS compared with extracts obtained using only water or NaDES as solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Victor M Amador-Luna
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karolína Benešová
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Mostecká 7, 614 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Pernica
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Mostecká 7, 614 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Fabián Parada-Alfonso
- High Pressure Laboratory, Food Chemistry Research Group, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Yuan H, Jiangfang Y, Liu Z, Su R, Li Q, Fang C, Huang S, Liu X, Fernie AR, Luo J. WTV2.0: A high-coverage plant volatilomics method with a comprehensive selective ion monitoring acquisition mode. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:972-985. [PMID: 38685707 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Volatilomics is essential for understanding the biological functions and fragrance contributions of plant volatiles. However, the annotation coverage achieved using current untargeted and widely targeted volatomics (WTV) methods has been limited by low sensitivity and/or low acquisition coverage. Here, we introduce WTV 2.0, which enabled the construction of a high-coverage library containing 2111 plant volatiles, and report the development of a comprehensive selective ion monitoring (cSIM) acquisition method, including the selection of characteristic qualitative ions with the minimal ion number for each compound and an optimized segmentation method, that can acquire the smallest but sufficient number of ions for most plant volatiles, as well as the automatic qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of cSIM data. Importantly, the library and acquisition method we developed can be self-expanded by incorporating compounds not present in the library, utilizing the obtained cSIM data. We showed that WTV 2.0 increases the median signal-to-noise ratio by 7.6-fold compared with the untargeted method, doubled the annotation coverage compared with the untargeted and WTV 1.0 methods in tomato fruit, and led to the discovery of menthofuran as a novel flavor compound in passion fruit. WTV 2.0 is a Python library with a user-friendly interface and is applicable to profiling of volatiles and primary metabolites in any species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglun Yuan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) and College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya Hainan 572025, China
| | - Yiding Jiangfang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) and College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya Hainan 572025, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory (YNL), Sanya Hainan 572025, China
| | - Zhenhuan Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) and College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya Hainan 572025, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory (YNL), Sanya Hainan 572025, China
| | - Rongxiu Su
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) and College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya Hainan 572025, China
| | - Qiao Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) and College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya Hainan 572025, China
| | - Chuanying Fang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) and College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya Hainan 572025, China
| | - Sishu Huang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) and College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya Hainan 572025, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory (YNL), Sanya Hainan 572025, China
| | - Xianqing Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) and College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya Hainan 572025, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Jie Luo
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory (YNL), Sanya Hainan 572025, China.
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4
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Yang Y, Hong Y, Han J, Yang Z, Huang N, Xu B, Wang Q. D-Limonene Alleviates Oxidative Stress Injury of the Testis Induced by Arsenic in Rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2776-2785. [PMID: 37773484 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to arsenic can lead to testicular damage and lower sperm quality in males, which is mediated by increased arsenic-induced oxidative stress and other damage mechanisms. D-Limonene, which is rich in oranges, lemons, oranges, grapes and other natural fruits, can relieve doxorubicin (DOX)-induced kidney injury and CCL4-induced cardiac toxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of D-limonene motivate us to further explore whether it can reduce arsenic-induced testicular injury. To verify this scientific hypothesis, testicular pathology, testicular oxidative stress levels and sperm motility were determined after intervention with D-limonene in rats chronically exposed to arsenic. As expected, long-term arsenic exposure caused testicular tissue structure disturbances, increased levels of oxidative stress, and decreased sperm activation, all of which were significantly inhibited due to treatment with D-limonene. In conclusion, our data reveal a previously unproven beneficial effect of D-limonene, namely that D-limonene can inhibit arsenic-induced testicular injury, and also provide theoretical and experimental basis for the application of D-limonene in the treatment of arsenic-induced testicular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Hong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Nanmin Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Binwei Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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5
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Chen J, Moreno JL, Zhang W, Gibson-Elias LJ, Lian R, Najafi S, Zhang H, Zhong W, Hooley RJ. Optical discrimination of terpenes in citrus peels with a host:guest sensing array. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5598-5601. [PMID: 38712724 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01309c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A simple aqueous host:guest sensing array can selectively discriminate between different types of citrus varietal from peel extract samples. It can also distinguish between identical citrus samples at varying stages of ripening. The discrimination effects stem from detection of changes in the terpenoid composition of the peel extracts by the host:guest array, despite the overwhelming excess of a single component, limonene, in each sample. The hosts are insensitive to limonene but bind other monoterpenes strongly, even though they are similar in structure to the major limonene component. This work demonstrates the capability of host:guest arrays in sensing target molecules in environments with the competing agents present at high abundances in the sample matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Jose L Moreno
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Lucas J Gibson-Elias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Ria Lian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Saba Najafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Richard J Hooley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
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6
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Quintieri L, Palumbo M, Ricci I, Pace B, Caputo L, Adduci A, Luparelli A, Cefola M, Siano F, Cozzolino R. Postharvest Quality of Citrus medica L. (cv Liscia-Diamante) Fruit Stored at Different Temperatures: Volatile Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils. Foods 2024; 13:1596. [PMID: 38890825 PMCID: PMC11171597 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Citron (Citrus medica L. cv. Liscia-diamante), cultivated in the "Riviera dei Cedri" (southern Italy), is mainly utilized in the production of candied fruit and essential oils (EOs). Up to now, no information regarding the effect of storage temperatures on citron has been reported. Here, citron samples, after harvesting, were stored at different temperatures (5, 10 and 20 °C at 70% relative humidity) for two weeks, and the main postharvest quality parameters were evaluated. Moreover, EOs extracted from the stored samples were chemically characterized to reveal changes in the volatiles profile and antimicrobial activity. The EOs presented monoterpene hydrocarbons (87.1 to 96.3% of the total oil profile) as the most abundant compounds, followed by oxygenated metabolites ranging from 9.7 to 3.1% of the total pattern. Postharvest quality traits showed a good retention of green peel color during storage at 5 °C, while EOs from samples stored for 7 and 14 days at 10 and 20 °C, respectively, showed the highest antimicrobial activity against most assayed strains. The results indicated storage at 10 °C for 7 days as the most suitable for the preservation of the postharvest quality of the fruit and the antimicrobial activity of the extracted EOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Quintieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (L.Q.); (L.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Michela Palumbo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o CS-DAT, Via M. Protano, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (M.P.); (I.R.); (B.P.)
| | - Ilde Ricci
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o CS-DAT, Via M. Protano, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (M.P.); (I.R.); (B.P.)
| | - Bernardo Pace
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o CS-DAT, Via M. Protano, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (M.P.); (I.R.); (B.P.)
| | - Leonardo Caputo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (L.Q.); (L.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Angelo Adduci
- Consorzio del Cedro di Calabria, Corso del Tirreno, 353, 87020 Santa Maria del Cedro, Italy
| | - Anna Luparelli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (L.Q.); (L.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Maria Cefola
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o CS-DAT, Via M. Protano, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (M.P.); (I.R.); (B.P.)
| | - Francesco Siano
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Cozzolino
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
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7
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Yuan Y, Duan Y, Zhang Q, Hou J, Xu C, Zhao J, Jin R, Yu Y, Mao X, Wang Y. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of Gannan navel orange at different storage periods under room temperature using HS-SPME-GC-MS and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Food Chem 2024; 440:138186. [PMID: 38104456 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Navel orange remains metabolized continuously during postharvest storage, but few studies have monitored the changes of these metabolites. Therefore, HS-SPME-GC-MS and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS were used to comprehensively investigate the dynamic changes of the components of Gannan navel orange during storage at room temperature. A total of 62 volatile components and 68 non-volatile components were identified. Principal Component Analysis and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis showed that navel orange under different storage periods were clearly distinguished. Combined with VIP > 1 and p < 0.05, 19 volatile and 27 non-volatile differential metabolites were obtained. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis (map00941) was the primary metabolic pathway. The middle storage period had a higher antioxidant enzyme activity, but the malondialdehyde content was the opposite. These results reveal the changes of postharvest components of Gannan navel orange, providing a theoretical basis for the storage and product development of navel orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China; College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Yiyuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China; College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China; College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jinxue Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China; College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Chunhui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China; College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jiexue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China; College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Rusheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China; College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yingli Yu
- College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xuejin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China; College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuanxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China; College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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8
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Kim HJ, Hong JH. Multiplicative Effects of Essential Oils and Other Active Components on Skin Tissue and Skin Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5397. [PMID: 38791435 PMCID: PMC11121510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Naturally derived essential oils and their active components are known to possess various properties, ranging from anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer activities. Numerous types of essential oils and active components have been discovered, and their permissive roles have been addressed in various fields. In this comprehensive review, we focused on the roles of essential oils and active components in skin diseases and cancers as discovered over the past three decades. In particular, we opted to highlight the effectiveness of essential oils and their active components in developing strategies against various skin diseases and skin cancers and to describe the effects of the identified essential-oil-derived major components from physiological and pathological perspectives. Overall, this review provides a basis for the development of novel therapies for skin diseases and cancers, especially melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
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9
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Schulze LJ, Schäfer U, Zygalski L, Verwohlt M, Otte-Hölscher S, Issa A, Hentschel F, Wüst M, Krammer GE. Sensory Impact of Novel Dihydrocoumarins in Native Lime Oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10014-10022. [PMID: 38626782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Citrus fruits have been known and valued for their aroma in food and perfume ever since humans have maintained written records. Often described as the "champagne" of citrus oils, especially cold pressed lime peel oils have raised attention. Particularly peel oils of Citrus latifolia exhibit a pleasant coumarinic, sweet, and balsamic aroma in comparison to its close relative, the Citrus aurantifolia. Those coumarinic notes have not been completely understood until today. Thus, this study aimed to identify the responsible substances and elucidate their contribution and impact on the aroma of cold-pressed lime oil. By combining distillation, fractionation, olfactory detection, and structure elucidation, the responsible key aroma components were identified. A combination of coumarins and their corresponding saturated analogs have been identified to significantly contribute to the typical coumarinic-like aroma, including three new flavor compounds that have not yet been described in the literature as lime oil constituents: 7-methoxy-2-chromanone (3,4-dihydro-7-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one; CAS 20921-02-2), 5,7-dimethoxy-2-chromanone (3,4-dihydro-5,7-dimethoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one; CAS 82243-01-4) and 5,6-dihydrobergaptene (5,6-dihydro-4-methoxy-7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one; CAS 29050-61-1). The sensorial evaluation of the impact of these components on the lime aroma profile has shown flavor-modulating effects and the ability to enhance aldehydic-peely, juicy, and fruity notes as well as their importance in reproducing the authentic, typical coumarin-like notes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Joanna Schulze
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Food Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Uwe Schäfer
- Symrise AG, Mühlenfeldstraße 1, Holzminden 37603, Germany
| | - Lukas Zygalski
- Symrise AG, Mühlenfeldstraße 1, Holzminden 37603, Germany
| | | | | | - Anja Issa
- Symrise AG, Mühlenfeldstraße 1, Holzminden 37603, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Wüst
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Food Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
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10
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Martinidou E, Michailidis M, Ziogas V, Masuero D, Angeli A, Moysiadis T, Martens S, Ganopoulos I, Molassiotis A, Sarrou E. Comparative Evaluation of Secondary Metabolite Chemodiversity of Citrus Genebank Collection in Greece: Can the Peel be More than Waste? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:9019-9032. [PMID: 38613500 PMCID: PMC11190985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Citrus fruits are among the most economically important crops in the world. In the global market, the Citrus peel is often considered a byproduct but substitutes an important phenotypic characteristic of the fruit and a valuable source of essential oils, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phenolic acids with variable concentrations. The Mediterranean basin is a particularly dense area of autochthonous genotypes of Citrus that are known for being a source of healthy foods, which can be repertoires of valuable genes for molecular breeding with the focus on plant resistance and quality improvement. The scope of this study was to characterize and compare the main phenotypic parameters (i.e., peel thickness, fruit volume, and area) and levels of bioactive compounds in the peel of fruits from the local germplasm of Citrus in Greece, to assess their chemodiversity regarding their polyphenolic, volatile, and carotenoid profiles. A targeted liquid chromatographic approach revealed hesperidin, tangeretin, narirutin, eriocitrin, and quercetin glycosides as the major polyphenolic compounds identified in orange, lemon, and mandarin peels. The content of tangeretin and narirutin followed the tendency mandarin > orange > lemon. Eriocitrin was a predominant metabolite of lemon peel, following its identification in lower amounts in mandarin and at least in the orange peel. For these citrus-specific metabolites, high intra- but also interspecies chemodiversity was monitored. Significant diversity was found in the essential oil content, which varied between 1.2 and 3% in orange, 0.2 and 1.4% in mandarin, and 0.9 and 1.9% in lemon peel. Limonene was the predominant compound in all Citrus species peel essential oils, ranging between 88 and 93% among the orange, 64 and 93% in mandarin, and 55 and 63% in lemon cultivars. Carotenoid analysis revealed different compositions among the Citrus species and accessions studied, with β-cryptoxanthin being the most predominant metabolite. This large-scale metabolic investigation will enhance the knowledge of Citrus peel secondary metabolite chemodiversity supported by the ample availability of Citrus genetic resources to further expand their exploitation in future breeding programs and potential applications in the global functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftychia Martinidou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic
Resources, ELGO−DIMITRA, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Michail Michailidis
- Laboratory
of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki-Thermi 57001, Greece
| | - Vasileios Ziogas
- Intsitute
of Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, ELGO−DIMITRA, Chania 73134, Greece
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Fondazione
Edmund Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, 38098 San Michele
all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Fondazione
Edmund Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, 38098 San Michele
all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Theodoros Moysiadis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic
Resources, ELGO−DIMITRA, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
- Department
of Computer Science, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - Stefan Martens
- Fondazione
Edmund Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, 38098 San Michele
all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic
Resources, ELGO−DIMITRA, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory
of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki-Thermi 57001, Greece
| | - Eirini Sarrou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic
Resources, ELGO−DIMITRA, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
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11
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Goforth M, Cooper MA, Oliver AS, Pinzon J, Skots M, Obergh V, Suslow TV, Flores GE, Huynh S, Parker CT, Mackelprang R, Cooper KK. Bacterial community shifts of commercial apples, oranges, and peaches at different harvest points across multiple growing seasons. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297453. [PMID: 38625898 PMCID: PMC11020611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Assessing the microbes present on tree fruit carpospheres as the fruit enters postharvest processing could have useful applications, as these microbes could have a major influence on spoilage, food safety, verification of packing process controls, or other aspects of processing. The goal of this study was to establish a baseline profile of bacterial communities associated with apple (pome fruit), peach (stone fruit), and Navel orange (citrus fruit) at harvest. We found that commercial peaches had the greatest bacterial richness followed by oranges then apples. Time of harvest significantly changed bacterial diversity in oranges and peaches, but not apples. Shifts in diversity varied by fruit type, where 70% of the variability in beta diversity on the apple carposphere was driven by the gain and loss of species (i.e., nestedness). The peach and orange carposphere bacterial community shifts were driven by nearly an even split between turnover (species replacement) and nestedness. We identified a small core microbiome for apples across and between growing seasons that included only Methylobacteriaceae and Sphingomonadaceae among the samples, while peaches had a larger core microbiome composed of five bacterial families: Bacillaceae, Geodermtophilaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Micrococcaeceae, and Trueperaceae. There was a relatively diverse core microbiome for oranges that shared all the families present on apples and peaches, except for Trueperaceae, but also included an additional nine bacterial families not shared including Oxalobacteraceae, Cytophagaceae, and Comamonadaceae. Overall, our findings illustrate the important temporal dynamics of bacterial communities found on major commercial tree fruit, but also the core bacterial families that constantly remain with both implications being important entering postharvest packing and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Goforth
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Margarethe A. Cooper
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Oliver
- USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Janneth Pinzon
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Mariya Skots
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Victoria Obergh
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Trevor V. Suslow
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Gilberto E. Flores
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States of America
| | - Steven Huynh
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - Craig T. Parker
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel Mackelprang
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States of America
| | - Kerry K. Cooper
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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12
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Zheng YY, Chen LH, Fan BL, Xu Z, Wang Q, Zhao BY, Gao M, Yuan MH, Tahir Ul Qamar M, Jiang Y, Yang L, Wang L, Li W, Cai W, Ma C, Lu L, Song JM, Chen LL. Integrative multiomics profiling of passion fruit reveals the genetic basis for fruit color and aroma. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2491-2510. [PMID: 38039148 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) possesses a complex aroma and is widely grown in tropical and subtropical areas. Here, we conducted the de novo assembly, annotation, and comparison of PPF (P. edulis Sims) and YPF (P. edulis f. flavicarpa) reference genomes using PacBio, Illumina, and Hi-C technologies. Notably, we discovered evidence of recent whole-genome duplication events in P. edulis genomes. Comparative analysis revealed 7.6∼8.1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, 1 million insertions/deletions, and over 142 Mb presence/absence variations among different P. edulis genomes. During the ripening of yellow passion fruit, metabolites related to flavor, aroma, and color were substantially accumulated or changed. Through joint analysis of genomic variations, differentially expressed genes, and accumulated metabolites, we explored candidate genes associated with flavor, aroma, and color distinctions. Flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways, and related metabolites are pivotal factors affecting the coloration of passion fruit, and terpenoid metabolites accumulated more in PPF. Finally, by heterologous expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), we functionally characterized 12 terpene synthases. Our findings revealed that certain TPS homologs in both YPF and PPF varieties produce identical terpene products, while others yield distinct compounds or even lose their functionality. These discoveries revealed the genetic and metabolic basis of unique characteristics in aroma and flavor between the 2 passion fruit varieties. This study provides resources for better understanding the genome architecture and accelerating genetic improvement of passion fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lin-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Bing-Liang Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhenni Xu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bo-Yuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Min-Hui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir Ul Qamar
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Weihui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenguo Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chongjian Ma
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Li Lu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jia-Ming Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ling-Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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13
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Wen C, Yu Z, Wang J, Deng Q, Deng J, Sun Z, Ye Q, Ye Z, Qin K, Peng X. Inhalation of Citrus Reticulata essential oil alleviates airway inflammation and emphysema in COPD rats through regulation of macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117407. [PMID: 37981111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease. Citrus Reticulata peel, the dried ripe peel of Citrus Reticulata species, has been found to have anti-inflammatory and cough attenuation effects. However, the therapeutic effects and its precise underlying mechanisms of atomizing inhalation using Citrus Reticulata essential oil (CREO) have not yet been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic effects of Citrus Reticulata essential oil and its associated anti-inflammatory mechanisms in COPD rat model. METHODS A total of 80 SD rats were randomized into four groups: control group (Con), COPD model group (COPD), COPD + ipratropium bromide (IB), and COPD + citrus reticulata essential oil (CREO). To induce COPD in rats, cigarette smoke (CS) exposure was used, while CREO and IB groups were administered through atomizing inhalation. The clinical signs, pathological lesions of the lung, percentages of antigen-presenting lung macrophages (CD11b/c+/CD86+ cells) and CD8+ T cells, and the content and mRNA expression of cytokines of the lung were analyzed. RESULTS The findings revealed that atomizing inhalation of Citrus reticulata essential oil had therapeutic effects on COPD rats. The treatment resulted in improvement in the body weight and mental status of COPD rats, reduced pathological injury of the lung, and increased proportion of CD11b/c+/CD86+ cells in lung macrophages, while also decreasing the number of CD8+ T cells. In addition, the Citrus Reticulata essential oil reduced the contents of IL-18, IL-17A, IL-12p70, and GM-CSF, downregulated the relative mRNA expression of IFN-γ, IL-4, and MMP-12, and upregulated the mRNA expression of IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Citrus reticulata essential oil can alleviate histological injury of the lung and regulate macrophages and CD8+ T cells in COPD rats. The study suggests that citrus reticulata essential oil could be a potential therapeutic agent for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Wen
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Zhengqiang Yu
- Department of Technology, Sichuan Youngster Technology Co., Ltd, No. 733, Furong Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Culture and Education, Tianfu College of Swufe, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Technology, Sichuan Youngster Technology Co., Ltd, No. 733, Furong Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiajia Deng
- Department of Technology, Sichuan Youngster Technology Co., Ltd, No. 733, Furong Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhenhua Sun
- Department of Technology, Sichuan Youngster Technology Co., Ltd, No. 733, Furong Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiaobo Ye
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zhen Ye
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Kaihua Qin
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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14
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Elhawary EA, Nilofar N, Zengin G, Eldahshan OA. Variation of the essential oil components of Citrus aurantium leaves upon using different distillation techniques and evaluation of their antioxidant, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective effect against Alzheimer's disease. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:73. [PMID: 38308284 PMCID: PMC10835836 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruit essential oil is considered one of the widely studied essential oils while its leaves attract less attention although being rich in nearly the same composition as the peel and flowers. The leaves of bitter orange or sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) were extracted using three different techniques namely; hydrodistillation (HD), steam distillation (SD), and microwave-assisted distillation (MV) to compare their chemical composition. The three essential oil samples were analyzed through GC/FID and GC/MS analyses. The samples were tested in vitro using different antioxidant techniques (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, PBD, and MCA), neuroprotective enzyme inhibitory activities (acetylcholine and butyl choline enzymes), and antidiabetic activities (α-amylase and α-glucosidase). The results showed that thirty-five volatile ingredients were detected and quantified. Monoterpenes represented the most abundant class in the three essential oils followed by sesquiterpenes. C. aurantium essential oil carried potential antioxidant activity where SD exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with values arranged in the following order: FRAP (200.43 mg TE/g), CUPRAC (138.69 mg TE/g), ABTS (129.49 mg TE/g), and DPPH (51.67 mg TE/g). SD essential oil also presented the most potent α-amylase (0.32) inhibition while the MV essential oil showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibition (2.73 mmol ACAE/g), followed by HD (2.53 mmol ACAE/g), and SD (2.46 mmol ACAE/g). The SD essential oil exhibited the highest BChE and AChE inhibitory activities (3.73 and 2.06 mg GALAE/g), respectively). Thus, bitter orange essential oil can act as a potential source of potent antioxidant, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective activities for future drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa A Elhawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Nilofar Nilofar
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", via dei Vestini 31, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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15
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Russo C, Lombardo GE, Bruschetta G, Rapisarda A, Maugeri A, Navarra M. Bergamot Byproducts: A Sustainable Source to Counteract Inflammation. Nutrients 2024; 16:259. [PMID: 38257152 PMCID: PMC10819577 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the result of an acute inflammatory response that fails to eliminate the pathogenic agent or heal the tissue injury. The consequence of this failure lays the foundations to the onset of several chronic ailments, including skin disorders, respiratory and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and, eventually, cancer. In this context, the long-term use of synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs to treat chronic illnesses cannot be tolerated by patients owing to the severe side effects. Based on this, the need for novel agents endowed with anti-inflammatory effects prompted to search potential candidates also within the plant kingdom, being recognized as a source of molecules currently employed in several therapeutical areas. Indeed, the ever-growing evidence on the anti-inflammatory properties of dietary polyphenols traced the route towards the study of flavonoid-rich sources, such as Citrus bergamia (bergamot) and its derivatives. Interestingly, the recent paradigm of the circular economy has promoted the valorization of Citrus fruit waste and, in regard to bergamot, it brought to light new evidence corroborating the anti-inflammatory potential of bergamot byproducts, thus increasing the scientific knowledge in this field. Therefore, this review aims to gather the latest literature supporting the beneficial role of both bergamot derivatives and waste products in different models of inflammatory-based diseases, thus highlighting the great potentiality of a waste re-evaluation perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Russo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (G.E.L.); (A.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Giovanni Enrico Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (G.E.L.); (A.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Giuseppe Bruschetta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Antonio Rapisarda
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (G.E.L.); (A.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Alessandro Maugeri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (G.E.L.); (A.R.); (M.N.)
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16
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Ge L, Liu J, Kang X, Wang W, Zhang D. Association of serum individual and mixed aldehydes with depressive symptoms in the general population: A machine learning study. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:8-17. [PMID: 37865348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans have many opportunities to be exposed to aldehydes which have potential mechanisms for causing depression. We aimed to explore the relationships between serum individual and mixed aldehydes with depressive symptoms in general population. METHODS The data was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. Depressive symptoms were assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Weighted binomial logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model were used to explore the association of six individual aldehyde and mixed aldehydes with depressive symptoms, respectively. Sex stratification analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted. RESULTS A total of 701 participants were included. We found a positive association between the highest (Q4) versus lowest quartile (Q1) of butyraldehyde with depressive symptoms (OR: 2.86, 95 % CI: 1.22-6.68), and a negative association between the Q3 versus Q1 of benzaldehyde (0.21, 0.07-0.60) and isopentanaldehyde (0.28, 0.08-0.90) with depressive symptoms in multivariate-adjusted model. The mixed aldehydes were positively associated with depressive symptoms using BKMR model, and butyraldehyde and heptanaldehyde were the dominant aldehydes. Several aldehydes, such as butyraldehyde and benzaldehyde, interacted with each other in their effects on depressive symptoms. The results of gender stratification analysis showed that butyraldehyde was the major contributor to the total effect of aldehydes on depressive symptoms in males, while heptanaldehyde was the dominant aldehyde in females. LIMITATIONS Causality cannot be inferred in this cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that mixed aldehydes can increase the risk of depressive symptoms, of which butyraldehyde and heptanaldehyde were the major contributing aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiao Kang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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17
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Prado GS, Rocha DC, dos Santos LN, Contiliani DF, Nobile PM, Martinati-Schenk JC, Padilha L, Maluf MP, Lubini G, Pereira TC, Monteiro-Vitorello CB, Creste S, Boscariol-Camargo RL, Takita MA, Cristofani-Yaly M, de Souza AA. CRISPR technology towards genome editing of the perennial and semi-perennial crops citrus, coffee and sugarcane. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1331258. [PMID: 38259920 PMCID: PMC10801916 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1331258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Gene editing technologies have opened up the possibility of manipulating the genome of any organism in a predicted way. CRISPR technology is the most used genome editing tool and, in agriculture, it has allowed the expansion of possibilities in plant biotechnology, such as gene knockout or knock-in, transcriptional regulation, epigenetic modification, base editing, RNA editing, prime editing, and nucleic acid probing or detection. This technology mostly depends on in vitro tissue culture and genetic transformation/transfection protocols, which sometimes become the major challenges for its application in different crops. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, biolistics, plasmid or RNP (ribonucleoprotein) transfection of protoplasts are some of the commonly used CRISPR delivery methods, but they depend on the genotype and target gene for efficient editing. The choice of the CRISPR system (Cas9, Cas12), CRISPR mechanism (plasmid or RNP) and transfection technique (Agrobacterium spp., PEG solution, lipofection) directly impacts the transformation efficiency and/or editing rate. Besides, CRISPR/Cas technology has made countries rethink regulatory frameworks concerning genetically modified organisms and flexibilize regulatory obstacles for edited plants. Here we present an overview of the state-of-the-art of CRISPR technology applied to three important crops worldwide (citrus, coffee and sugarcane), considering the biological, methodological, and regulatory aspects of its application. In addition, we provide perspectives on recently developed CRISPR tools and promising applications for each of these crops, thus highlighting the usefulness of gene editing to develop novel cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Souza Prado
- Citrus Research Center “Sylvio Moreira” – Agronomic Institute (IAC), Cordeirópolis, Brazil
| | - Dhiôvanna Corrêia Rocha
- Citrus Research Center “Sylvio Moreira” – Agronomic Institute (IAC), Cordeirópolis, Brazil
- Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lucas Nascimento dos Santos
- Citrus Research Center “Sylvio Moreira” – Agronomic Institute (IAC), Cordeirópolis, Brazil
- Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Danyel Fernandes Contiliani
- Sugarcane Research Center – Agronomic Institute (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paula Macedo Nobile
- Sugarcane Research Center – Agronomic Institute (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Padilha
- Coffee Center of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Campinas, Brazil
- Embrapa Coffee, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Mirian Perez Maluf
- Coffee Center of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Campinas, Brazil
- Embrapa Coffee, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Greice Lubini
- Sugarcane Research Center – Agronomic Institute (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tiago Campos Pereira
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Creste
- Sugarcane Research Center – Agronomic Institute (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Takita
- Citrus Research Center “Sylvio Moreira” – Agronomic Institute (IAC), Cordeirópolis, Brazil
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Boye A, Asiamah EA, Martey O, Ayertey F. Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck Fruit Peel Extract Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:6673550. [PMID: 38204757 PMCID: PMC10776197 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6673550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Traditional herbal medicine practitioners in the Ashanti region of Ghana use the fruit peels of Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (C. limon) in preventive and curative treatment of many cancers including liver cancer. This ethnobotanical claim remains to be verified scientifically. Aim of the Study. This study investigated prophylactic hepatoprotective and anti-HCC effects of C. limon peel extract (LPE) in CCl4/olive oil-induced HCC-like rats. Materials and Methods After preparation of LPE, it was subjected to phytochemical screening using standard phytochemical methods. A total of 30 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 150-200 g) were randomly assigned into six groups of 5 rats each. Rats in the control group received olive oil (5 mL/kg ip) twice weekly for 16 weeks. Rats in the model group received CCl4/olive oil (2 mL/kg, ip) twice weekly for 16 weeks. Rats in capecitabine (10 mg/kg po) and LPE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg po) groups received CCl4/olive oil (2 mL/kg, i.p) in the morning and their respective treatments in the afternoon twice a week for 16 weeks. Rats in all groups had free access to food and water ad libitum. Body weight and survival rates were monitored. Rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia, blood was collected, and liver and other organs were isolated. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), prothrombin time, bilirubin, C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha- (α-) fetoprotein (AFP), and liver histology were assessed. Results Alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins were detected in LPE. Model rats demonstrated increased serum levels of AFP, CRP, ALP, GGT, ALT, and AST, prothrombin time, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, blood lymphocyte, and monocyte counts, but decreased serum albumin and total protein compared to control rats. Unlike the control, model rats demonstrated fat accumulation in periportal and centrilobular hepatocytes and neoplastic transformation. Semiquantitation of periodic acid Schiff- (PAS-) stained liver sections showed decreased glycogen storage in hepatocytes of model rats compared to control rats. Compared to the model, LPE treatment protected against CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, which was evidenced by decreased AFP, CRP, liver enzymes, total and direct bilirubin, prothrombin time, and blood lymphocyte and monocyte counts; attenuation of fat accumulation; and increased glycogen storage, albumin, and total protein. Conclusion LPE abates CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by attenuating liver inflammation and improving metabolic, biosynthetic, and detoxification functions of the liver. The prophylactic hepatoprotective and anti-hepatocarcinogenic effects of LPE are attributable to its phytochemical composition raising hopes of finding potential anticancer bioactive compounds from C. limon fruit peels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Boye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ernest Amponsah Asiamah
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Orleans Martey
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Eastern Region, Ghana
| | - Frederick Ayertey
- Department of Phytochemistry, Center for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Eastern Region, Ghana
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Brah AS, Armah FA, Obuah C, Akwetey SA, Adokoh CK. Toxicity and therapeutic applications of citrus essential oils (CEOs): a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2158864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Augustine S. Brah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Francis A. Armah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Collins Obuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Samuel A. Akwetey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale
| | - Christian K. Adokoh
- Department of Forensic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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20
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Wang Y, Fang J, Lü F, Zhang H, He P. Food waste anaerobic digestion plants: Underestimated air pollutants and control strategy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166143. [PMID: 37572914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Food waste management is an important global issue, and anaerobic digestion (AD) is a sustainable technology for treating food waste and developing a circular economy. Odor and health problems in AD plants have drawn increasing public attention. Therefore, this study investigated the odor characteristics and health risks in different workshops of food waste AD plants. At each site, the treatment capacities for kitchen and restaurant waste were 200 and 200-250 tons per day, respectively. Among the detected odorants, ethanol was the dominant component in terms of concentrations, while methanethiol, propanethiol, H2S, and acetaldehyde were the major odor contributors in different workshops. The odor contribution of propanethiol had been previously overlooked in several workshops. The unloading, pretreatment, and bio-hydrolysis workshops were identified as major areas requiring odor control. Besides odor, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks commonly existed in food waste AD plants. The carcinogenic risk of acetaldehyde had been underestimated previously, and it was identified as the dominant carcinogen. Furthermore, benzene was a potential carcinogen. Non-carcinogenic risks were mainly caused by acetaldehyde, H2S, and ethyl acetate. The health risks were not always consistent with odor nuisance. Based on the odor and health risk assessments, several air pollution control strategies for food waste AD plants were proposed, including food waste source control, in-situ pollution control, and ex-situ pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wang
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- Naval Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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21
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Adorisio S, Muscari I, Fierabracci A, Thi Thuy T, Marchetti MC, Ayroldi E, Delfino DV. Biological effects of bergamot and its potential therapeutic use as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer agent. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:639-646. [PMID: 37067190 PMCID: PMC10114982 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2197010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Context: Bergamot, mainly produced in the Ionian coastal areas of Southern Italy (Calabria), has been used since 1700 for its balsamic and medicinal properties. Phytochemical profiling has confirmed that bergamot juices are rich in flavonoids, including flavone and flavanone glycosides which are responsible for its beneficial effects.Objective: Recently, it was shown that the combination of natural compounds with conventional treatments improves the efficacy of anticancer therapies. Natural compounds with anticancer properties attack cancerous cells without being toxic to healthy cells. Bergamot can induce cytotoxic and apoptotic effects and prevent cell proliferation in various cancer cells.Methods: In this review, the antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of bergamot are described. Information was compiled from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using the key words 'bergamot' accompanied by 'inflammation' and, 'cancer' for data published from 2015-2021.Results: In vitro and in vivo studies provided evidence that different forms of bergamot (extract, juice, essential oil, and polyphenolic fraction) can affect several mechanisms that lead to anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects that decrease cell growth, as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.Conclusions: Considering the effects of bergamot and its new formulations, we affirm the importance of its rational use in humans and illustrate how bergamot can be utilized in clinical applications. Numerous studies evaluated the effect of new bergamot formulations that can affect the absorption and, therefore, the final effects by altering the therapeutic profile of bergamot and enhancing the scientific knowledge of bergamot.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella Muscari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Trinh Thi Thuy
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Cau Giay, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Maria Cristina Marchetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emira Ayroldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Salem AA, Taha DA, Nasr AA, El-Sagheer M, Daghash W, Taghian RA. Effect of vitamin E, D-limonene, and their combination on nulliparous rabbit reproductive performance. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 259:107378. [PMID: 37989002 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative status is important in reproductive performance and using two natural antioxidants is more beneficial than one in nulliparous rabbits. The goal, effect of vitamin E (VitE), D-limonene (DL), and VitE+DL on maternal LBW (MLBW), conception (CR), pregnancy (PR), and kindling rates (KR), gestation length (GL), total litter size at birth (TLSB) and weaning (TLSW), live kits at birth (LKB) and weaning (LKW), dead kits at birth (DKB) and weaning (DKW), kits mortality rate at weaning (KMRW), Kit weight at birth (KWB) and weaning (KWW), total kit weight at birth (TKWB) and weaning (TKWW), and concentrations of progesterone (P4) and Malondialdehyde (MDA), during first two pregnancies. A total of 24 healthy female WNZ rabbits were randomly selected and assigned into four groups (6/each). Control (animals injected with 1.0 mL propylene glycol), VitE (60 mg IM injection/animal, 2X/week pre-mating and 3X post-mating until mid-pregnancy, DL (20 mg IM injection/animal, 2X/week pre-mating and 1X at mating, and VitE+DL (IM injection/animal with the same doses and times applied in VitE and DL groups. All animals were treated during 1st pregnancy only. The results confirmed that animals treated with VitE+DL gained significant maternal LBW in 1st pregnancy, reduced dead kit number at birth and kit mortality rate at weaning, increased live kits and total kit weight at birth and weaning in the two pregnancies, and also increased significantly kit weight at birth and weaning in the treatments than controls in the two pregnancies, and DL was greater in 1st pregnancy. Progesterone concentrations in mid-pregnancy rose significantly in VitE+DL during 1st pregnancy and DL in 2nd pregnancy. Malondialdehyde concentrations dropped significantly in VitE and VitE+DL in mid-pregnancy in the two pregnancies. Eventually, the integration of VitE and DL displayed their unique properties for improving productive and reproductive performance in nulliparous rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas A Salem
- Animal Production Department, Fac. of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Doaa A Taha
- Animal Production Department, Fac. of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Ae Nasr
- Pathology Department, Institute of Veterinary Health, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Sagheer
- Poultry Production Department, Fac. of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Wael Daghash
- Animal Production Department, Fac. of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Raghda A Taghian
- Animal Production Department, Fac. of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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23
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Da Silva EG, Finamor IA, Bressan CA, Schoenau W, Vencato MDS, Pavanato MA, Cargnelutti JF, Da Costa ST, Antoniazzi AQ, Baldisserotto B. Dietary Supplementation with R-(+)-Limonene Improves Growth, Metabolism, Stress, and Antioxidant Responses of Silver Catfish Uninfected and Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3307. [PMID: 37958062 PMCID: PMC10650795 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
R-(+)-limonene is a monoterpene from plants of the genus Citrus with diverse biological properties. This research evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with R-(+)-limonene on growth, metabolic parameters in plasma and liver, and the antioxidant and stress responses in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, challenged or not with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish were fed for 67 days with different doses of R-(+)-limonene in the diet (control 0.0, L0.5, L1.0, and L2.0 mL/kg of diet). On the 60th day, a challenge with A. hydrophila was performed. R-(+)-limonene in the diet potentiated the productive performance of the fish. The metabolic and antioxidant responses indicate that R-(+)-limonene did not harm the health of the animals and made them more resistant to the bacterial challenge. Histological findings showed the hepatoprotective effect of dietary R-(+)-limonene against A. hydrophila. Igf1 mRNA levels were upregulated in the liver of fish fed with an L2.0 diet but downregulated with bacterial challenge. The expression levels of crh mRNA were higher in the brains of fish fed with the L2.0 diet. However, the L2.0 diet downregulated crh and hspa12a mRNA expression in the brains of infected fish. In conclusion, the results indicated that R-(+)-limonene can be considered a good dietary supplement for silver catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisia Gomes Da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (E.G.D.S.); (I.A.F.); (C.A.B.); (W.S.); (M.A.P.); (A.Q.A.)
| | - Isabela Andres Finamor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (E.G.D.S.); (I.A.F.); (C.A.B.); (W.S.); (M.A.P.); (A.Q.A.)
| | - Caroline Azzolin Bressan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (E.G.D.S.); (I.A.F.); (C.A.B.); (W.S.); (M.A.P.); (A.Q.A.)
| | - William Schoenau
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (E.G.D.S.); (I.A.F.); (C.A.B.); (W.S.); (M.A.P.); (A.Q.A.)
| | - Marina De Souza Vencato
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (M.D.S.V.); (S.T.D.C.)
| | - Maria Amália Pavanato
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (E.G.D.S.); (I.A.F.); (C.A.B.); (W.S.); (M.A.P.); (A.Q.A.)
| | - Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Sílvio Teixeira Da Costa
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (M.D.S.V.); (S.T.D.C.)
| | - Alfredo Quites Antoniazzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (E.G.D.S.); (I.A.F.); (C.A.B.); (W.S.); (M.A.P.); (A.Q.A.)
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (E.G.D.S.); (I.A.F.); (C.A.B.); (W.S.); (M.A.P.); (A.Q.A.)
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Zhao J, Quinto M, Zakia F, Li D. Microextraction of essential oils: A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464357. [PMID: 37696126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase microextraction (LPME) and solid phase microextraction (SPME) are popular extraction techniques for sample preparation due to their green and highly efficient single-step extraction efficiency. With the increasing attention to essential oils, their evaluation and analysis are significant in analytical sciences. In this review, starting from a brief description of the recent advances in the last decade, the attention has been focused on the up-to-date research works and applications based on liquid and solid phase microextraction for essential oil analyses. Particular attention has been given to the approaches using ionic liquids, eutectic solvents, gas flow assisted, and novel composite materials. In the end, the technological convergence of novel microextraction of essential oils in the future has been prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Analysis and Inspection Center, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Maurizio Quinto
- Department of Chemistry, Analysis and Inspection Center, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin, China; Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Fatima Zakia
- Department of Chemistry, Analysis and Inspection Center, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Analysis and Inspection Center, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin, China; Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin, China.
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25
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Ferrer V, Costantino G, Paymal N, Quinton C, Perdomo EC, Paoli M, Mournet P, Ollitrault P, Tomi F, Luro F. Inheritance and Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Aromatic Compounds from Clementine ( Citrus × clementina Hort. ex Tan.) and Sweet Orange ( C. × sinensis (L.) Osb.) Fruit Essential Oils. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1800. [PMID: 37761942 PMCID: PMC10531275 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their importance in food processing, perfumery and cosmetics, the inheritance of sweet orange aromatic compounds, as well as their yield in the fruit peel, has been little analyzed. In the present study, the segregation of aromatic compounds was studied in an F1 population of 77 hybrids resulting from crosses between clementine and blood sweet orange. Fruit-peel essential oils (PEOs) extracted by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection. Genotyping by sequencing was performed on the parents and the hybrids. The resulting "clementine × sweet blood orange" genetic map consists of 710 SNP markers distributed in nine linkage groups (LGs), representing the nine citrus chromosomes, and spanning 1054 centimorgans. Twenty quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified, explaining between 20.5 and 55.0% of the variance of the major aromatic compounds and PEO yield. The QTLs for monoterpenes and aliphatic aldehydes predominantly colocalized on LGs 5 and 8, as did the two QTLs for PEO yield. The sesquiterpene QTLs were located on LGs 1, 3, 6 and 8. The detection of major QTLs associated with the synthesis of aliphatic aldehydes, known for their strong aromatic properties, open the way for marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ferrer
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 20230 San Giuliano, France; (V.F.); (G.C.); (E.C.P.)
- Rémy Cointreau—Les Molières, 49124 Saint-Barthélemy-d’Anjou, France; (N.P.); (C.Q.)
| | - Gilles Costantino
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 20230 San Giuliano, France; (V.F.); (G.C.); (E.C.P.)
| | - Noémie Paymal
- Rémy Cointreau—Les Molières, 49124 Saint-Barthélemy-d’Anjou, France; (N.P.); (C.Q.)
| | - Carole Quinton
- Rémy Cointreau—Les Molières, 49124 Saint-Barthélemy-d’Anjou, France; (N.P.); (C.Q.)
| | - Estefania Carrillo Perdomo
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 20230 San Giuliano, France; (V.F.); (G.C.); (E.C.P.)
| | - Mathieu Paoli
- UMR SPE 6134—Université de Corse—CNRS, 20000 Ajaccio, France; (M.P.); (F.T.)
| | - Pierre Mournet
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France;
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France;
| | - Félix Tomi
- UMR SPE 6134—Université de Corse—CNRS, 20000 Ajaccio, France; (M.P.); (F.T.)
| | - François Luro
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 20230 San Giuliano, France; (V.F.); (G.C.); (E.C.P.)
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Shalaby AS, Eid HH, El-Shiekh RA, Youssef FS, Al-Karmalawy AA, Farag NA, Sleem AA, Morsy FA, Ibrahim KM, Tadros SH. A Comparative GC/MS Analysis of Citrus Essential Oils: Unveiling the Potential Benefits of Herb-Drug Interactions in Preventing Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300778. [PMID: 37599265 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to test the potential of Citrus oils in protecting against paracetamol (PAR)-induced hepatotoxicity. The essential oils of Pineapple sweet orange (OO), Murcott mandarin (MO), Red grapefruit (GO), and Oval kumquat (KO) were investigated using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty-seven compounds were identified, with monoterpene hydrocarbons being abundant class. d-Limonene had the highest percentage (92.98 %, 92.82 %, 89.75 %, and 94.46 % in OO, MO, GO, and KO, respectively). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal components analysis (PCA) revealed that octanal, linalool, germacrene D, and d-limonene were the principal discriminatory metabolites that segregated the samples into three distinct clusters. In vitro antioxidant capacities were ranged from 1.2-12.27, 1.79-5.91, and 235.05-585.28 μM Trolox eq/mg oil for 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic (ABTS), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), respectively. In vivo, citrus oils exhibited a significant reduction in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and nitric oxide (NO). Additionally, there was an increase in glutathione reductase (GSH), and the liver architecture was nearly normal. Molecular docking revealed that d-limonene exhibited a good inhibitory interaction with cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms 1A2, 3A4, and 2E1, with binding energies of -6.17, -4.51, and -5.61 kcal/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya S Shalaby
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Eid
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt
| | - Nahla A Farag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A Sleem
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Fatma Adly Morsy
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Soad H Tadros
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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27
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Zhou J, Kong L, Li D, Zhang X, Fu Z, Pan T, Yu Y. Nutritional and volatile profiles of pulp and flavedo from four local pummelo cultivars grown in Fujian province of China. J Food Sci 2023; 88:3357-3372. [PMID: 37458289 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional and volatile profiles of pulp and flavedo samples from four distinct local pummelo landraces ("Siji," "Pingshan," "Wendan," and "Guanxi") cultivated in Fujian province of China were investigated. "Guanxi" pummelo exhibited relatively high contents of vitamin C (42.01 mg/100 mL) and phenols (360.61 mg/L) and displayed a robust antioxidant capacity (41.15 mg/100 mL). Conversely, the red pulp from "Pingshan" demonstrated relatively high values of carotenoids (55.96 µg/g) and flavonoids (79.79 mg/L). Considerable differences were observed in volatile compositions between the two fruit tissues and among the four genotypes. A total of 166 and 255 volatile compounds were detected in the pulp and flavedo samples, respectively. Notably, limonene and β-myrcene were identified as the principal volatile compounds in flavedo, whereas hexanal was highly abundant in the pulp of "Siji," "Pingshan," and "Guanxi." "Wendan" displayed distinct separation from the other three pummelo cultivars in principal component analysis based on the pulp volatile compositions. This distinction was attributed to the higher number and content of volatile compounds in "Wendan" pulp, particularly the remarkable enrichment of β-myrcene. The newly characterized pummelo landraces and genotype/tissue-dependent variations in volatiles provide essential information for the genetic improvement of pummelo aroma, as well as for fruit processing and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingchao Kong
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Debao Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Fu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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28
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Wang P, Wang H, Zou J, Chen L, Chen H, Hu Y, Wang F, Liu Y. Electronic Nose and Head Space GC-IMS Provide Insights into the Dynamic Changes and Regularity of Volatile Compounds in Zangju ( Citrus reticulata cv. Manau Gan) Peel at Different Maturation Stages. Molecules 2023; 28:5326. [PMID: 37513200 PMCID: PMC10384022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Zangju (Citrus reticulata cv. Manau Gan) is the main citrus cultivar in Derong County, China, with unique aroma and flavour characteristics, but the use of Zangju peel (CRZP) is limited due to a lack of research on its peel. In this study, electronic nose, headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) methods were used to rapidly and comprehensively evaluate the volatile compounds of dried CRZP and to analyse the role of dynamic changes at different maturation stages. The results showed that seventy-eight volatile compounds, mainly aldehydes (25.27%) and monoterpenes (55.88%), were found in the samples at four maturity stages. The contents of alcohols and aldehydes that produce unripe fruit aromas are relatively high in the immature stage (October to November), while the contents of monoterpenoids, ketones and esters in ripe fruit aromas are relatively high in the full ripening stage (January to February). The PLS-DA model results showed that the samples collected at different maturity stages could be effectively discriminated. The VIP method identified 12 key volatile compounds that could be used as flavour markers for CRZP samples collected at different maturity stages. Specifically, the relative volatile organic compounds (VOCs) content of CRZP harvested in October is the highest. This study provides a basis for a comprehensive understanding of the flavour characteristics of CRZP in the ripening process, the application of CRZP as a byproduct in industrial production (food, cosmetics, flavour and fragrance), and a reference for similar research on other C. reticulata varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Haifan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jialiang Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Youping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
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29
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Wu J, Cao J, Chen J, Huang L, Wang Y, Sun C, Sun C. Detection and classification of volatile compounds emitted by three fungi-infected citrus fruit using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2023; 412:135524. [PMID: 36736184 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruit produced some characteristic volatile compounds when infected by fungi compared with the healthy fruit. In the present study, volatile metabolites of postharvest citrus fruit with three different diseases including stem-end rot, blue mold and green mold were detected. Multivariate analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were employed to classify the volatile compounds between the infected and non-infected citrus fruit. The results indicated that volatile compounds of unrotten, unrotten-rotten junction, and rotten tissues were successfully classified. Importantly, eight volatile compounds as biomarkers for stem-end rot and one biomarker for green mold of citrus were screened to discriminate the infected citrus fruit. This study offers the application potential of odor profiling of volatile compounds for detecting the fungi infection in postharvest citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jinping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jiebiao Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lingxia Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Cui Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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30
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Liu S, Zhao C, Cao Y, Li Y, Zhang Z, Nie D, Tang W, Li Y. Comparison of Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils from Litsea Cubeba, Cinnamon, Anise, and Eucalyptus. Molecules 2023; 28:5051. [PMID: 37446712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the antioxidant activity of litsea cubeba oil (LCO), cinnamon oil (CO), anise oil (AO), and eucalyptus oil (EUC) in vitro. The chemical compositions of the essential oils (EOs) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity of the four EOs was evaluated through scavenging DPPH free radicals, chelating Fe2+, scavenging hydroxyl free radicals, and inhibiting yolk lipid peroxidation. The results showed that the major compounds found in LCO, CO, AO, and EUC are citral (64.29%), cinnamaldehyde (84.25%), anethole (78.51%), and 1,8-cineole (81.78%), respectively. The four EOs all had certain antioxidant activity. The ability to scavenge DPPH radical was ranked in the order of LCO > CO > AO > EUC. The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability was ranked in the order of EUC > CO > LCO > AO. The chelating Fe2+ capacity was ranked in the order of EUC > AO > CO > LCO. The yolk lipid peroxidation inhibition ability was ranked in the order of CO > AO > EUC > LCO. In different antioxidant activity assays, the antioxidant activity of the EOs was different. It was speculated that the total antioxidant activity of an EO may be the result of the joint action of different antioxidant capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutian Liu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuwei Cao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dechao Nie
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Weixuan Tang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
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31
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Petretto GL, Vacca G, Addis R, Pintore G, Nieddu M, Piras F, Sogos V, Fancello F, Zara S, Rosa A. Waste Citrus limon Leaves as Source of Essential Oil Rich in Limonene and Citral: Chemical Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties, and Effects on Cancer Cell Viability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1238. [PMID: 37371968 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated chemical composition, cytotoxicity in normal and cancer cells, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil (EO) isolated by hydrodistillation from the discarded leaves of lemon (Citrus limon) plants cultivated in Sardinia (Italy). The volatile chemical composition of lemon leaf EO (LLEO) was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with flame ionization detection (GC/MS and GC/FID). The most abundant component of LLEO was limonene (260.7 mg/mL), followed by geranial (102.6 mg/mL) and neral (88.3 mg/mL). The antimicrobial activity of LLEO was tested using eight bacterial strains and two types of yeasts by a microdilution broth test. Candida albicans showed the greatest susceptibility (MIC = 0.625 μL/mL) and Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited at low LLEO concentration (MIC values from 2.5 to 5 μL/mL). The C. limon leaf EO displayed radical scavenging ability (IC50 value of 10.24 mg/mL) in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate (DPPH) assay. Furthermore, the LLEO impact on cell viability was explored by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in cancer HeLa cells, A375 melanoma cell line, normal fibroblasts (3T3 cells), and keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). LLEO, at 24 h of incubation, significantly reduced viability from 25 μM in Hela cells (33% reduction) and A375 cells (27%), greatly affecting cell morphology, whereas this effect was found from 50 μM on 3T3 fibroblasts and keratinocytes. LLEO's pro-oxidant effect was also established in HeLa cells by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Luigi Petretto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vacca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Addis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pintore
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mariella Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Franca Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Valeria Sogos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Francesco Fancello
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Severino Zara
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
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Sun Y, Xia X, Yuan G, Zhang T, Deng B, Feng X, Wang Q. Stachydrine, a Bioactive Equilibrist for Synephrine, Identified from Four Citrus Chinese Herbs. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093813. [PMID: 37175222 PMCID: PMC10180305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Four Chinese herbs from the Citrus genus, namely Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhishi), Aurantii Fructus (Zhiqiao), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (Qingpi) and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi), are widely used for treating various cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. Many ingredients have already been identified from these herbs, and their various bioactivities provide some interpretations for the pharmacological functions of these herbs. However, the complex functions of these herbs imply undisclosed cholinergic activity. To discover some ingredients with cholinergic activity and further clarify possible reasons for the complex pharmacological functions presented by these herbs, depending on the extended structure-activity relationships of cholinergic and anti-cholinergic agents, a simple method was established here for quickly discovering possible choline analogs using a specific TLC method, and then stachydrine and choline were first identified from these Citrus herb decoctions based on their NMR and HRMS data. After this, two TLC scanning (TLCS) methods were first established for the quantitative analyses of stachydrine and choline, and the contents of the two ingredients and synephrine in 39 samples were determined using the valid TLCS and HPLC methods, respectively. The results showed that the contents of stachydrine (3.04‱) were 2.4 times greater than those of synephrine (1.25‱) in Zhiqiao and about one-third to two-thirds of those of Zhishi, Qingpi and Chenpi. Simultaneously, the contents of stachydrine, choline and synephrine in these herbs present similar decreasing trends with the delay of harvest time; e.g., those of stachydrine decrease from 5.16‱ (Zhishi) to 3.04‱ (Zhike) and from 1.98‱ (Qingpi) to 1.68‱ (Chenpi). Differently, the contents of synephrine decrease the fastest, while those of stachydrine decrease the slowest. Based on these results, compared with the pharmacological activities and pharmacokinetics reported for stachydrine and synephrine, it is indicated that stachydrine can be considered as a bioactive equilibrist for synephrine, especially in the cardio-cerebrovascular protection from these citrus herbs. Additionally, the results confirmed that stachydrine plays an important role in the pharmacological functions of these citrus herbs, especially in dual-directionally regulating the uterus, and in various beneficial effects on the cardio-cerebrovascular system, kidneys and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xuexue Xia
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ganjun Yuan
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Tongke Zhang
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Beibei Deng
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xinyu Feng
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qixuan Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Ailli A, Handaq N, Touijer H, Gourich AA, Drioiche A, Zibouh K, Eddamsyry B, El Makhoukhi F, Mouradi A, Bin Jardan YA, Bourhia M, Elomri A, Zair T. Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Six Aromatic Medicinal Plants with Cosmetic Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040721. [PMID: 37107083 PMCID: PMC10135202 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils (EOs) of six species-Laurus nobilis, Chamaemelum nobile, Citrus aurantium, Pistacia lentiscus, Cedrus atlantica, and Rosa damascena-have been studied. Phytochemical screening of these plants revealed the presence of primary metabolites, namely, lipids, proteins, reducing sugars, and polysaccharides, and also secondary metabolites such as tannins, flavonoids, and mucilages. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The yields are between 0.06 and 4.78% (mL/100 g). The analysis of the chemical composition carried out by GC-MS showed the presence of 30 to 35 compounds and represent between 99.97% and 100% of the total composition of EOs, with a variation in the chemical composition detected at the level of the majority compounds between these species. Indeed, in the EO of Laurus nobilis, 1,8-cineole (36.58%) is the major component. In Chamaemelum nobile EO, the most abundant compound is angelylangelate (41.79%). The EO of Citrus aurantium is rich in linalool (29.01%). The EO of Pistacia lentiscus is dominated by 3-methylpentylangelate (27.83%). The main compound of Cedrus atlantica is β-himachalene (40.19%), while the EO of Rosa damascenaa flowers is rich in n-nonadecane (44.89%). The analysis of the similarity between the EOs of the plants studied by ACH and ACP showed that the chemical composition of the EOs makes it possible to separate these plants into three groups: the first represented by Chamaemelum nobile, because it is rich in oxygenated monoterpenes, the second defined Cedrus atlantica and Rosa damascena, which are rich in sesquiterpenes, and the third gathers Pistacia lentiscus, Laurus nobilis and Citrus aurantium, which are composed of oxygenated sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes (these three species are very close). The study of the antioxidant activity showed that all the EOs tested have a high capacity for scavenging free radicals from DPPH. The EOs of Laurus nobilis and Pistacia lentiscus showed the highest activity, 76.84% and 71.53%, respectively, followed by Cedrus atlantica EO (62.38%) and Chamaemelum nobile (47.98%) then Citrus aurantium EO (14.70%). Antimicrobial activity EO was tested against eight bacterial strains and eight fungal strains; the results showed that EOs exhibit significant bactericidal and fungicidal activities against all the microorganisms tested, of which the MICs of the bacterial strains start with 5 mg/mL, while the MICs of the fungal strains are between 0.60 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL. Thus, these EOs rich in antimicrobial and antioxidant components can serve as a natural alternative; this confirms their use as additives in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atika Ailli
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P.11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Nadia Handaq
- Laboratory of Biology, Environmental and Sustainable Development, Hight Normal School, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Hanane Touijer
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P.11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Aman Allah Gourich
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P.11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Aziz Drioiche
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P.11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Khalid Zibouh
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P.11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Brahim Eddamsyry
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P.11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Fadoua El Makhoukhi
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P.11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Aicha Mouradi
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P.11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laaoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Elomri
- University of Rouen Normandy, INSA Rouen Normandy and CNRS, Laboratory of Organic, Bioorganic Chemistry, Reactivity and analysis (COBRA-UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Touriya Zair
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P.11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
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Pasdaran A, Hamedi A, Shiehzadeh S, Hamedi A. A review of citrus plants as functional foods and dietary supplements for human health, with an emphasis on meta-analyses, clinical trials, and their chemical composition. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:311-336. [PMID: 36963879 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruits, flowers, leaves, essential oils, hydrosols, and juices of citrus spp. Are utilized to prepare various forms of food products. Along with their nutritional values, in the health industry, different parts of the plants of the citrus genus have been used as supplements or remedies to prevent or control diseases. This review focused on reported meta-analyses and clinical trials on the health benefits of citrus plants as functional foods. Also, chemical compounds of various citrus species were reviewed. The following information sources were used for data collection: Google Scholar, the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Various keywords, including "citrus AND chemical compounds," "citrus AND phytochemicals," "citrus species," "citrus AND meta-analysis," "nutritional and therapeutical values of citrus spp.," "clinical trials AND citrus," "clinical trials AND Rutaceae," "health benefits of citrus spp.," "citrus edible or non-edible applications," and scientific names of the citrus plants were utilized to collect data for the review. The scientific name and common name of all twenty-eight citrus species, along with any of the above keywords, were also searched in the mentioned databases. Scientific papers and data sources were sought to review and discuss the citrus plant's nutritional and therapeutic importance. Several meta-analyses and clinical trials have reported beneficial effects of citrus spices on a variety of cancer risks, cardiovascular risk factors, neurologic disorders, urinary tract conditions, and gastrointestinal tract conditions. They have shown anxiolytic, antimicrobial, and pain-alleviating effects. Some of them can be helpful in managing obesity and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Hamedi
- School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Shiehzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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The Essential Oil of Citrus lumia Risso and Poit. ‘Pyriformis’ Shows Promising Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Neuromodulatory Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065534. [PMID: 36982606 PMCID: PMC10058370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus lumia Risso and Poit. ‘Pyriformis’ are horticultural varieties of Citrus lumia Risso. The fruit is very fragrant and pear-shaped, with a bitter juice, a floral flavor, and a very thick rind. The flavedo shows enlarged (0.74 × 1.16 mm), spherical and ellipsoidal secretory cavities containing the essential oil (EO), visible using light microscopy, and more evident using scanning electron microscopy. The GC-FID and GC-MS analyses of the EO showed a phytochemical profile characterized by the predominance of D-limonene (93.67%). The EO showed interesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities (IC50 0.07–2.06 mg/mL), as evaluated by the in vitro cell-free enzymatic and non-enzymatic assays. To evaluate the effect on the neuronal functional activity, the embryonic cortical neuronal networks grown on multi-electrode array chips were exposed to non-cytotoxic concentrations of the EO (5–200 µg/mL). The spontaneous neuronal activity was recorded and the mean firing rate, mean burst rate, percentage of spikes in a burst, mean burst durations and inter-spike intervals within a burst parameter were calculated. The EO induced strong and concentration-dependent neuroinhibitory effects, with IC50 ranging between 11.4–31.1 µg/mL. Furthermore, it showed an acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50 0.19 mg/mL), which is promising for controlling some of the key symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases such as memory and cognitive concerns.
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Yang Z, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Liu G, Zhao Q, Bao Z, Ma F. Volatile secondary metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals distinct regulation mechanism of aroma biosynthesis in Syringa oblata and S. vulgaris. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:965-973. [PMID: 36889235 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lilacs have high ornamental value due to their strong aroma. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of aroma biosynthesis and metabolism in lilac were largely unclear. In this study, two varieties with distinct aroma, Syringa oblata 'Zi Kui' (faint aroma) and Syringa vulgaris 'Li Fei' (strong aroma), were used for exploring the regulation mechanism of aroma difference. Via GC-MS analysis, a total of 43 volatile components were identified. Terpene volatiles was the most abundant volatiles constituting the aroma of two varieties. Notably, 3 volatile secondary metabolites were unique in 'Zi Kui' and 30 volatile secondary metabolites were unique in 'Li Fei'. Then, a transcriptome analysis was performed to clarify the regulation mechanism of aroma metabolism difference between these two varieties, and identified 6411 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Interestingly, ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis genes were significantly enriched in DEGs. We further conducted a correlation analysis between the volatile metabolome and transcriptome and found that TPS, GGPPS, and HMGS genes might be the key contributors to the differences in floral fragrance composition between the two lilac varieties. Our study improves the understanding in the regulation mechanism of Lilac aroma and would help improve the aroma of ornamental crops by metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Yang
- Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261071, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261071, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261071, Shandong, China
| | - Genzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhao
- Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261071, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhilong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Fangfang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Nikolic D, Bosco L, Moschetti M, Tinnirello V, Pucci M, Corleone V, Raimondo S, Alessandro R, Fontana S. Anti-inflammatory properties of an aldehydes-enriched fraction of grapefruit essential oil. J Food Sci 2023; 88:1172-1187. [PMID: 36651875 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is linked to the development of numerous diseases and is accompanied by increased cytokine secretion. Macrophages provide a first line of defense against pathogens that under inflammatory stimuli release pro-inflammatory cytokines. The essential oil (EO) fractions obtained from Citrus spp. rich in different compounds have gained the attention of both researchers and users during the last decades. In particular, grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peel is rich in phenolics and flavonoids with several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory actions. Additionally, its EO consists of a large number of compounds such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and oxides. Among the methods for encapsulating EOs, spray-drying is the main one. In the present study, we aimed to determine the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of EO from C. paradisi (grapefruit essential oil [GEO]) (whole and fractions) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model. Results indicate that Fr-GEO and Fr-GEO_SD exert protective effects against LPS-induced inflammation by decreasing gene expression and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines as IL-6 and TNF-α. Monoterpenes as the most common components, as well as aldehydes and sesquiterpenes, might be responsible for such effects, although a synergistic action is not excluded. Furthermore, a higher percent of aldehydes is linked to improved olfactory properties. Our findings support the anti-inflammatory effects of selected Fr-GEO with a great potential for the development of new nutraceuticals and/or functional food for the treatment of inflammatory-associated diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The findings of this study support the anti-inflammatory effects of selected Fr-GEO with a great potential for the development of new nutraceuticals and/or functional food for the treatment of inflammatory-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Nikolic
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Liana Bosco
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Moschetti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenza Tinnirello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Agrumaria Corleone s.p.a., Palermo, Italy
| | - Marzia Pucci
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Tundis R, Xiao J, Silva AS, Carreiró F, Loizzo MR. Health-Promoting Properties and Potential Application in the Food Industry of Citrus medica L. and Citrus × clementina Hort. Ex Tan. Essential Oils and Their Main Constituents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12050991. [PMID: 36903853 PMCID: PMC10005512 DOI: 10.3390/plants12050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is an important genus in the Rutaceae family, with high medicinal and economic value, and includes important crops such as lemons, orange, grapefruits, limes, etc. The Citrus species is rich sources of carbohydrates, vitamins, dietary fibre, and phytochemicals, mainly including limonoids, flavonoids, terpenes, and carotenoids. Citrus essential oils (EOs) consist of several biologically active compounds mainly belonging to the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes classes. These compounds have demonstrated several health-promoting properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Citrus EOs are obtained mainly from peels, but also from leaves and flowers, and are widely used as flavouring ingredients in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. This review focused on the composition and biological properties of the EOs of Citrus medica L. and Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tan and their main constituents, limonene, γ-terpinene, myrcene, linalool, and sabinene. The potential applications in the food industry have been also described. All the articles available in English or with an abstract in English were extracted from different databases such as PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0984-493246
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de St. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Animal Science Studies (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, 4501-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Carreiró
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de St. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Ferrer V, Paymal N, Costantino G, Paoli M, Quinton C, Tomi F, Luro F. Correspondence between the Compositional and Aromatic Diversity of Leaf and Fruit Essential Oils and the Pomological Diversity of 43 Sweet Oranges ( Citrus x aurantium var sinensis L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:990. [PMID: 36903852 PMCID: PMC10005092 DOI: 10.3390/plants12050990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Orange (Citrus x aurantium var sinensis) is the most widely consumed citrus fruit, and its essential oil, which is made from the peel, is the most widely used in the food, perfume, and cosmetics industries. This citrus fruit is an interspecific hybrid that would have appeared long before our era and would result from two natural crosses between mandarin and pummelo hybrids. This single initial genotype was multiplied by apomictic reproduction and diversified by mutations to produce hundreds of cultivars selected by men essentially based on phenotypic characteristics of appearance, spread of maturity, and taste. Our study aimed to assess the diversity of essential oil composition and variability in the aroma profile of 43 orange cultivars representing all morphotypes. In agreement with the mutation-based evolution of orange trees, the genetic variability tested with 10 SSR genetic markers was null. The oils from peels and leaves extracted by hydrodistillation were analyzed for composition by GC (FID) and GC/MS and for aroma profile by the CATA (Check All That Apply) method by panelists. Oil yield varied between varieties by a factor of 3 for PEO and a factor of 14 for LEO between maximum and minimum. The composition of the oils was very similar between cultivars and was mainly dominated by limonene (>90%). However, small variations were observed as well as in the aromatic profile, with some varieties clearly distinguishing themselves from the others. This low chemical diversity contrasts with the pomological diversity, suggesting that aromatic variability has never been a selection criterion in orange trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ferrer
- INRAE, UMR AGAP Institut, INRAE, Institut Agro, Cirad, University Montpellier, 20230 San Giuliano, France
- Rémy Cointreau–Les Molières, 49124 Saint-Barthélemy-d’Anjou, France
| | - Noémie Paymal
- Rémy Cointreau–Les Molières, 49124 Saint-Barthélemy-d’Anjou, France
| | - Gilles Costantino
- INRAE, UMR AGAP Institut, INRAE, Institut Agro, Cirad, University Montpellier, 20230 San Giuliano, France
| | - Mathieu Paoli
- CNRS, Equipe Chimie et Biomasse, UMR SPE 6134, Université de Corse, 20000 Ajaccio, France
| | - Carole Quinton
- Rémy Cointreau–Les Molières, 49124 Saint-Barthélemy-d’Anjou, France
| | - Félix Tomi
- CNRS, Equipe Chimie et Biomasse, UMR SPE 6134, Université de Corse, 20000 Ajaccio, France
| | - François Luro
- INRAE, UMR AGAP Institut, INRAE, Institut Agro, Cirad, University Montpellier, 20230 San Giuliano, France
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Computational docking investigation of phytocompounds from bergamot essential oil against Serratia marcescens protease and FabI: Alternative pharmacological strategy. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 104:107829. [PMID: 36842391 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens adds urgency to search for novel and safe drugs having promising action on new and re-emerging infectious pathogens. Serratia marcescens is an MDR pathogen that causes several-healthcare associated infections. Curbing bacterial virulence, rather than inhibiting its growth, is a promising strategy to diminish the pathogenesis of infectious bacteria, reduce the development of antimicrobial resistance, and boost the host immune power to eradicate infections. Bergamot essential oil (BEO) is a remarkable source of promising therapeutics against pathogens. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to analyze the major phytocompounds from BEO against S. marcescens virulent proteins using in silico studies. The analysis of BEO phytocompounds was achieved by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The molecular docking was carried out using the SP and XP docking protocol of the Glide program. The drug-likeness and pharmacokinetics properties (ADMET properties) were analyzed with SwissADME and pkCSM server. The results revealed that the major compounds present in BEO are Linalool (8.17%), D-Limonene (21.26%), and Linalyl acetate (26.91%). Molecular docking analysis revealed that these compounds docked strongly within the binding cavities of Serratia protease and FabI model which in turn curb the pathogenesis of this bacteria. Linalool interacted with the Serratia protease and FabI with a binding energy of - 3.130 kcal/mol and - 3.939 kcal/mol, respectively. Based on the pharmacokinetics findings all lead BEO phytocompounds appear to be promising drug candidates. Overall, these results represent a significant step in the development of plant-based compounds as a promising inhibitor of the virulent proteins of the MDR S. marcescens.
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Ben Hsouna A, Sadaka C, Generalić Mekinić I, Garzoli S, Švarc-Gajić J, Rodrigues F, Morais S, Moreira MM, Ferreira E, Spigno G, Brezo-Borjan T, Akacha BB, Saad RB, Delerue-Matos C, Mnif W. The Chemical Variability, Nutraceutical Value, and Food-Industry and Cosmetic Applications of Citrus Plants: A Critical Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:481. [PMID: 36830039 PMCID: PMC9952696 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits occupy an important position in the context of the fruit trade, considering that both fresh fruits and processed products are produced on a large scale. Citrus fruits are recognized as an essential component of the human diet, thanks to their high content of beneficial nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, terpenes, flavonoids, coumarins and dietary fibers. Among these, a wide range of positive biological activities are attributed to terpenes and flavonoids derivatives. In this review, a list of bibliographic reports (from 2015 onwards) on the phytochemical composition, beneficial effects and potential applications of citrus fruits and their by-products is systematically summarized. In detail, information regarding the nutraceutical and medicinal value closely linked to the presence of numerous bioactive metabolites and their growing use in the food industry and food packaging, also considering any technological strategies such as encapsulation to guarantee their stability over time, were evaluated. In addition, since citrus fruit, as well as its by-products, are interesting alternatives for the reformulation of natural cosmetic products, the sector of the cosmetic industry is also explored. More in-depth knowledge of the latest information in this field will contribute to future conscious use of citrus fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ben Hsouna
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Nutrition, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | | | - Ivana Generalić Mekinić
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Jaroslava Švarc-Gajić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela M. Moreira
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Ferreira
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Giorgia Spigno
- DiSTAS, Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Tanja Brezo-Borjan
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Boutheina Ben Akacha
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Rania Ben Saad
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Wissem Mnif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences at Bisha, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 199, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
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Development of a Novel Low-Calorie Lime Juice-Based Prebiotic Beverage Using a Combined Design Optimization Methodology. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030680. [PMID: 36766208 PMCID: PMC9914248 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel lime-juice based low-calorie functional beverage was developed by using D-optimal combined design optimization. For the preparation of the beverage, the following functional ingredients were used: lime juice, lime peel essential oil (LEO) as a flavoring agent and bioactive component, sucralose as a low-calorie sweetener, an inulin/polydextrose (I/P) mixture as prebiotic fibers, pectin as a thickening agent and soluble dietary fiber, lutein as a carotenoid colorant and antioxidant, and peppermint extract (ME) as a flavoring agent and bioactive component. A combined design consisting of one mixture factor (LEO/ME ratio), one numeric factor (lutein concentration), and one categoric factor (presence or absence of prebiotics) was used for optimizing the functional beverage based on the sensory quality. Regression models were adequately fitted to the data of sensory acceptance with a determination coefficient >90%. The sample containing a mixture of prebiotics, 2:3 (v/v) ratio of LEO: ME, and 3 mg/100 mL lutein was selected as the best formulation among the six optimal beverages which was suggested by Design-Expert software. This final optimum sample showed the highest total phenolic (44.22 mg gallic acid equivalents/L) and flavonoid (25.49 mg quercetin equivalents/L) contents, and its antioxidant activity (as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) scavenging) was 38.30%. The newly designed beverage has the potential to promote health benefits and in therapeutic applications.
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Antonelo FA, Rodrigues Soares M, Cruz LC, Pagnoncelli MG, Alves da Cunha MA, Bonatto SJR, Busso C, Júnior AW, Montanher PF. Bioactive compounds derived from Brazilian Myrtaceae species: Chemical composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Essential Oil of Greek Citrus sinensis cv New Hall - Citrus aurantium Pericarp: Effect upon Cellular Lipid Composition and Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Antimicrobial Activity against Bacteria, Fungi, and Human Pathogenic Microorganisms. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the essential oil (EO) from the peel of the Greek citrus hybrid Citrus sinensis cv New Hall - Citrus aurantium was studied in terms of its antimicrobial properties as well as its effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. According to the analysis of the EO, 48 compounds are contained in it, with the main compounds being limonene, β-pinene, myrcene, α-pinene, valencene, and α-terpineol. As regards its antimicrobial properties, the EO was evaluated against nine human pathogenic microorganisms, six bacteria, and three fungi. Taking the results into account, it was apparent that Gram-negative bacteria were the most susceptible to the addition of the EO, followed by the Gram-positive bacteria, and finally the examined yeasts. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were found to be lower compared to other studies. Finally, the effect of the EO on the biochemical behavior of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae LMBF Y-16 was investigated. As the concentration of the EO increased, the more the exponential phase of the microbial growth decreased; furthermore, the biomass yield on the glucose consumed significantly decreased with the addition of the oil on the medium. The addition of the EO in small concentrations (e.g., 0.3 mL/L) did not present a remarkable negative effect on both the final biomass concentration and maximum ethanol quantity produced. In contrast, utilization of the extract in higher concentrations (e.g., 1.2 mL/L) noticeably inhibited microbial growth as the highest biomass concentration achieved, maximum ethanol production, and yield of ethanol produced per glucose consumed drastically declined. Concerning the composition of cellular lipids, the addition of the EO induced an increment in the concentration of cellular palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids, with a concomitant decrease in the cellular palmitoleic acid and oleic acids.
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Citrus sinensis Essential Oils an Innovative Antioxidant and Antipathogenic Dual Strategy in Food Preservation against Spoliage Bacteria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020246. [PMID: 36829805 PMCID: PMC9952847 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the chemical compositions and antioxidant and antipathogenic properties of commercial orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) essential oils obtained using the cold-press method (EOP) and the cold-press method followed by steam distillation (EOPD). The chemical compositions of the volatilizable fractions, determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, were similar in both samples. A relatively large amount of γ-terpinene was found in the EOPD (1.75%) as compared to the EOP (0.84%). Monoterpene hydrocarbons with limonene (90.4-89.8%) followed by myrcene (3.2-3.1%) as the main compounds comprised the principal phytochemical group. The non-volatile phenolics were eight times higher in the EOP than in the EOPD. Several assays with different specificity levels were used to study the antioxidant activity. Although both essential oils presented similar reducing capacities, the radical elimination ability was higher for the EOP. Regarding the antipathogenic properties, the EOs inhibited the biomass and cell viability of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Furthermore, both EOs similarly attenuated the production of elastase, pyocyanin, and quorum-sensing autoinducers as assessed using Gram-negative bacteria. The EOP and EOPD showed important antioxidant and antipathogenic properties, so they could represent natural alternatives to extend the shelf life of food products by preventing oxidation and contamination caused by microbial spoilage.
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Fajardo Muñoz SE, Freire Castro AJ, Mejía Garzón MI, Páez Fajardo GJ, Páez Gracia GJ. Artificial intelligence models for yield efficiency optimization, prediction, and production scalability of essential oil extraction processes from citrus fruit exocarps. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.1055744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Excessive demand, environmental problems, and shortages in market-leader countries have led the citrus (essential) oil market price to drift to unprecedented high levels with negative implications for citrus oil-dependent secondary industries. However, the high price conditions have promoted market incentives for the incorporation of new small-scale suppliers as a short-term supply solution for the market. Essential oil chemical extraction via steam distillation is a valuable option for these new suppliers at a lab and small-scale production level. Nevertheless, mass-scaling production requires prediction tools for better large-scale control of outputs.Methods: This study provides an intelligent model based on a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network (ANN) for developing a highly reliable numerical dependency between the chemical extraction output from essential oil steam distillation processes (output vector) and orange peel mass loading (input vector). In a data pool of 25 extraction experiments, 14 output–input pairs were the in training set, 6 in the testing set, and 5 cross-compared the model’s accuracy with traditional numerical approaches.Results and Discussion: After varying the number of nodes in the hidden layer, a 1–9–1 MLP topology best optimizes the statistical parameters (coefficient of determination (R2) and mean square error) of the testing set, achieving a precision of nearly 97.6%. Our model can capture non-linearity behavior when scaling-up production output for mass production processes, thus providing a viable answer for the scalability issue with a state-of-the-art computational tool for planning, management, and mass production of citrus essential oils.
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Pan T, Kong L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhou J, Fu Z, Pan H, She W, Yu Y. Fruit quality and volatile constituents of a new very early-ripening pummelo ( Citrus maxima) cultivar 'Liuyuezao'. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1089009. [PMID: 36699855 PMCID: PMC9868557 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1089009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
'Liuyuezao' (LYZ) pummelo (Citrus maxima) originated from a spontaneous bud sport on a 'Guanxi' (GXB) pummelo tree and was released as a new very early-season cultivar. The objective of this study was to present the sensory and nutritional profiles of LYZ fruits, and compare it with other major commercialized pummelo cultivars including GXB, 'Sanhong' (SH) and 'Hongrou' (HR). LYZ had higher contents of organic acids (12.01 mg/g), phenols (669.01 mg/L), vitamin C (75.73 mg/100 mL) and stronger antioxidant capacity (77.65 mg/100 mL) but lower levels of soluble sugars (62.85 mg/g), carotenoids (0.25 mg/L) and flavonoids (46.3 mg/L) when compared to the other pummelos. Moreover, a smaller number (49) and much less content (7.63) of fruit volatiles were detected in LYZ than them in GXB, SH and HR. The relatively high levels of fructose (20.6 mg/g) and organic acids and low levels of volatile compounds in LYZ mainly contributed to its sweet and mildly sour taste and moderate aroma of pummelo note. LYZ is presented as an alternative pummelo cultivar with the potential for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lingchao Kong
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhijun Fu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Heli Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenqin She
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Godoy R, Arias I, Venthur H, Quiroz A, Mutis A. Characterization of Two Aldehyde Oxidases from the Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella Linnaeus. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) with Potential Role as Odorant-Degrading Enzymes. INSECTS 2022; 13:1143. [PMID: 36555053 PMCID: PMC9782417 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Odorant-degrading enzymes (ODEs) are proposed to degrade/inactivate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on a millisecond timescale. Thus, ODEs play an important role in the insect olfactory system as a reset mechanism. The inhibition of these enzymes could incapacitate the olfactory system and, consequently, disrupt chemical communication, promoting and complementing the integrated pest management strategies. Here, we report two novel aldehyde oxidases, AOX-encoding genes GmelAOX2 and GmelAOX3, though transcriptomic analysis in the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. GmelAOX2 was clustered in a clade with ODE function, according to phylogenetic analysis. Likewise, to unravel the profile of volatiles that G. mellonella might face besides the sex pheromone blend, VOCs were trapped from honeycombs and the identification was made by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that GmelAXO2 has a sex-biased expression, and qRT-PCR indicated that both GmelAOX2 and GmelAOX3 have a higher relative expression in male antennae rather than female antennae. A functional assay revealed that antennal extracts had the strongest enzymatic activity against undecanal (4-fold) compared to benzaldehyde (control). Our data suggest that these enzymes have a crucial role in metabolizing sex pheromone compounds as well as plant-derived aldehydes, which are related to honeycombs and the life cycle of G. mellonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Godoy
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Ignacio Arias
- Carrera Bioquímica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Herbert Venthur
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Andrés Quiroz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Ana Mutis
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Deng H, He R, Huang R, Pang C, Ma Y, Xia H, Liang D, Liao L, Xiong B, Wang X, Zhang M, Ao X, Yu B, Han D, Wang Z. Optimization of a static headspace GC-MS method and its application in metabolic fingerprinting of the leaf volatiles of 42 citrus cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1050289. [PMID: 36570894 PMCID: PMC9772436 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1050289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Citrus leaves, which are a rich source of plant volatiles, have the beneficial attributes of rapid growth, large biomass, and availability throughout the year. Establishing the leaf volatile profiles of different citrus genotypes would make a valuable contribution to citrus species identification and chemotaxonomic studies. In this study, we developed an efficient and convenient static headspace (HS) sampling technique combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and optimized the extraction conditions (a 15-min incubation at 100 ˚C without the addition of salt). Using a large set of 42 citrus cultivars, we validated the applicability of the optimized HS-GC-MS system in determining leaf volatile profiles. A total of 83 volatile metabolites, including monoterpene hydrocarbons, alcohols, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, aldehydes, monoterpenoids, esters, and ketones were identified and quantified. Multivariate statistical analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed that mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) groups exhibited notably differential volatile profiles, and that the mandarin group cultivars were characterized by the complex volatile profiles, thereby indicating the complex nature and diversity of these mandarin cultivars. We also identified those volatile compounds deemed to be the most useful in discriminating amongst citrus cultivars. This method developed in this study provides a rapid, simple, and reliable approach for the extraction and identification of citrus leaf volatile organic compound, and based on this methodology, we propose a leaf volatile profile-based classification model for citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Deng
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Runmei He
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changqing Pang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanshuo Ma
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Liao
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Sichuan Dan Cheng Modern Fruit Industry Co., Ltd., Meishan, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Sichuan Dan Cheng Modern Fruit Industry Co., Ltd., Meishan, China
| | - Dongdao Han
- Ningbo Tian Yuan Mu Ge Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Citrus Essential Oils in Aromatherapy: Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122374. [PMID: 36552586 PMCID: PMC9774566 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus is one of the main fruit crops cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Approximately half (40-47%) of the fruit mass is inedible and discarded as waste after processing, which causes pollution to the environment. Essential oils (EOs) are aromatic compounds found in significant quantities in oil sacs or oil glands present in the leaves, flowers, and fruit peels (mainly the flavedo part). Citrus EO is a complex mixture of ~400 compounds and has been found to be useful in aromatic infusions for personal health care, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, color enhancers in foods and beverages, and aromatherapy. The citrus EOs possess a pleasant scent, and impart relaxing, calming, mood-uplifting, and cheer-enhancing effects. In aromatherapy, it is applied either in message oils or in diffusion sprays for homes and vehicle sittings. The diffusion creates a fresh feeling and enhances relaxation from stress and anxiety and helps uplifting mood and boosting emotional and physical energy. This review presents a comprehensive outlook on the composition, properties, characterization, and mechanism of action of the citrus EOs in various health-related issues, with a focus on its antioxidant properties.
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